EDUC 101

CHAPTER 6
Influences on Physical Development
and Pedagogical implications
 OVERVIEW

•Physical development is
influenced by genetic
predispositions, maturation, and
environmental factors.
 OVERVIEW

•While some individuals may exhibit

physical development earlier or later
than others, genetic predispositions
are still key determinants.
 OVERVIEW
•Opportunities for physical
development are provided by
physical activity, social
interaction, and learning
experiences.
 OVERVIEW
•First menstrual period, or menarche,
may occur earlier or later in
adolescence and is positively
correlated with other physical
developments.
 OVERVIEW
•Physical development is
shaped by a complex
interplay of nature and
nurture.
 The external factors that contribute into the physical development

1.PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION 2.PSYCHOSOCIAL OPPORTUNITES

4.NUTRITIONAL
3.PHYSICAL
KNOWLEDGE
ENVIRONMENT
AND PRACTICES
 1.PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION

• Since parents are the immediate environment of

the developing child, their impact is considered
unmeasurable, most especially during the early
stage of life. The parenting belief are usually
translated into practice and may affect the range
of opportunities provided to the child.
 1.PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION

• the Nation’s International Children’s Fund

UNICEF 2004 report on the importance of
caregiver-child interaction, they placed the
caregiver, in the most cases the parents,
central component in the child’s general
survival.
 1.PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION

• Parental attitude, knowledge, and appreciation are vital for

maximizing physical development. Caregiving behaviors
depend on parents' preparation, especially for first-time
parents. Breastfeeding requires not only commitment but
also depth of knowledge. Limited knowledge can hinder
continuous practice. The short-term and long-term effects
of attitudes, knowledge, and practices may not be widely
understood, leading to underestimated positive or negative
consequences.
 1.PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION

• The importance of complete vaccination may

not be immediately apparent as it only
protects against diseases upon exposure. It
can be seen as a financial burden if medical
services are inaccessible.
 1.PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION

• Focusing on the caregiving behaviors, awareness and

familiarity about how they can engage on this behavior
depend on the degree of their preparation to taking the
role as parents, most especially for first time parents. For
instance, the practice of breastfeeding does not pertain to
the commitment to do so but also to depth of knowledge
one has in order to continuously commit oneself to such
practice.
 1.PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION

• The importance of having complete vaccination

cannot be seen immediately since it serves as
protection against acquiring deceases only upon
exposure. Rather than seeing it as health
investment, it can be perceived as financial burden
especially if medical services not readily available or
not directly accessible.
 1.PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION

• Child rearing beliefs, knowledge, and practices are shaped not

only by individual parents but also by their cultural
background.
• Cultural gender beliefs determine the types of physical
activities boys and girls are exposed to, with boys usually
engaging in more physical activities. This, along with biological
differences, leads to noticeable differences in physical
development. Adolescent boys often have more freedom in
their attitudes and behavior compared to girls.
 1.PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION

• The difference in the physical activities that male and female

may be exposed to is anchored to collective gender beliefs
system of a specific culture. Boys, for example, may be
allowed to engage more in physical activities while young girls
have limited to almost no opportunities for such. Because of
this, the physical progress become more prominent, aside
from the basic biological differences that exist between them
already. In many instances, adolescent boys are given much
flexibility in their attitude and behavior than girls.
 1.PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION

The above premise is very much evident among Filipino

parents. While some young parents practice more liberated
approach in child rearing, many still conservative in terms of
subscribing to the cultural expectation and beliefs about
physical development of children. The perception that
children are weak and incapable of handling their self often
used as basis to restrict children from engaging to activities
that may promote physical development.
 2.PSYCHOSOCIAL OPPORTUNITES

Although physical development is seen as significant rooted from biological

and genetic processes and whatever changes appear are attributed as
product of these processes. However, social interaction, whether of the
same age or not, can actually promote assistance in increasing
opportunities for physical development. Among these opportunities are
the amount of play engagement children are provided. Aside from the
social benefits of play, it is also a venue that allows to exercise muscles and
can have impact in the weight of children. Plays that consistently involve
the use of muscles like the gross and fine muscles. Those that require
running will make use of the gross muscles while those that require dealing
with small toys or activities can lead to developing the fine motors.
 2.PSYCHOSOCIAL OPPORTUNITES

• During adolescents, social connection are venues of learning

how to deal with physical changes that are taking place. Among
adults, most especially among older people, group activities
encourage not only keeping one’s social life active but also
keeping one’s bones and muscle active. In this way, it may delay
the muscular weakening. Across all stages, the quality of social
interaction with other people can contribute to the degree of
one’s engagement, voluntary or not, in the physical-enhancing
activities.
 3.PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

• Physical environment refers to the non-social

aspects of the one’s environment, such as but not
limited to, the place where one lives and the
accompanying materials within it. Space, for
instance, is significant important for one to have
more opportunities for movements. Children who
live with limited space may not warrant activities
that require gross motor.
 3.PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

• Considering that changes in the living spaces people

i.e., condominium where spaces both outside and
inside the house is not very generous, physical
activities become optional than a constantly
available opportunity. Another concern is the
availability of digital gadgets like tablets than
lessens physical engagement.
 3.PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

• Long number of hours of engagement to such does

not only have impact to social connection but can
also delay the physical development. Filipino local
games have been less played by the current
generation due to the alternative digital activities.
Across stages, lesser physical activities can possibly
lead to weight issues.
 3.PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

• In addition to space available is the issue if air

pollution and gadget which significantly contribute
in the health condition of the people regardless of
age. Children can easily acquire respiratory-related
concerns due to the early exposures to pollutions.
Deadly viruses have been evolving to becoming
more deadly given these atmospheric conditions.
 3.PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

• This is further reinforced by the challenges people

encounter in waste management. The vast amount of
garbage people is producing and the management of waste
disposal make children more susceptible to acquire illness
such as diarrhea and dengue especially those who have
weaker immune system. This illness can cause long-term
health problem if not given proper immediate medical
attention.
 4.NUTRITIONAL
KNOWLEDGE AND
PRACTICES

• Knowledge and practices about the nutritional components

of what one is eating can have short and long-term effect.
The degree by which health is given an attention should be
the same as to the degree that nutritional aspect should be
given attention. Considering the era of commercialism, food
has not only been filled with preservatives as well as
regarded as a lifestyle. However, some may have a belief
that this healthy kind of lifestyle is rather expensive.
 4.NUTRITIONAL
KNOWLEDGE AND
PRACTICES

• Parents of younger children are easily swayed by the promotion of

media advertisement with regard to their advantages than pursuing
natural-based diets. For example, instead of infants being fed by
vegetables when introducing solid foods some may prefer commercial
infants’ foods which, again, have preservatives. Interestingly, the
quality of food one eats is also relative to where people live. Those
who resides in agricultural places or those who have opportunities for
planting have higher tendency to eat natural and healthy food
compared to those who have access to canned and instant food.
 4.NUTRITIONAL
KNOWLEDGE AND
PRACTICES

• The susceptibility to acquire or unfold genetically

inherited disease or illness also depend on the
quality of food being taken. The huge amount of
available sugar-filled food, not necessarily desserts,
in the market has significant increasing the number
of diabetes cases.
 4.NUTRITIONAL
KNOWLEDGE AND
PRACTICES

• The issue on providing wide variety of food in the

market as well as scarcity of resources put many
manufacturers on the use of unnatural materials
and ingredients in order to address these issues.
This is not withstanding the market competitions in
there.
 EDUC 101
Miss Chavez

CHAPTER 6
Thank You !