READINGS IN PHILIPPINE

HISTORY
Prepared by: Cherrylyn C. Manzano, RABE
 Derived from the Greek
Word “historia” which
means “knowledge acquired
through inquiry or
investigation”

Study of the past

History
The account of the past of a
person or a group through
written documents and
historical evidences
History also focuses on
writing about wars,
revolution and other
important discovery
SOME VALID HISTORICAL
DOCUMENTS
Government Records
Chronicle’s Account- ” London: A Chronicle
of a City in the 20th Century
Personal Letters
Receipts'
Others

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CONCEPTS OF HISTORY
The seven key concepts are:
• Continuity-
• Change
• Significance
• Sources/Evidences
• Multiple Causation (and Effect)
• Framework
• Context/Perspectives
 Concept of Change and Continuity
• Historians recognize that over time some things stay
the same, while others change. This concept referred
to as continuity and change, examples of continuity
and change can be seen across every civilization and
any given period of time.

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 Concept Multiple Causation (and Effect)
• The concept of cause (and effect) is used by historians
to identify chains of events and development, both in
short and long term. Cause and effect aim to identify,
examine and analyze reasons why events have
occurred and the resulting consequences or outcomes.
It helps us think of cause and effect as the ‘why’ and
‘what’ of history.

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Concept of Sources/Evidences
• Evidence is the formation gathered from historical sources.
• Evidence can come from different source; for example, interviews and
accounts from people who lived at the time, letters, diaries, films, maps,
newspapers, buildings, paintings, photographs, song lyrics, nursery
rhymes, clothing, and even cartoons.

• Evidence can be gathered from two types of sources:

• Primary Sources – objects created or written at the time of

being investigated

• Secondary Sources – accounts about the past that were

created after the time being investigated
and which often use or refer to primary
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sources and present a particular interpretation.
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Concept of Significance
• The concept of significance related to the importance
assigned to aspects of the past. This includes people, events,
and developments, movements, and historical sites.
• In order to determine if a person, event, development,
discovery, movement or site is historically significant,
historians may ask the following questions:
• How important was this people who lived at the
time?
• How many people were affected?
• To what degree were people’s lives affected?
• How widespread and long-lasting were the effects?
• Can the effects still be felt today?
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Concept of Framework
• Political framework covers institutions, people and
processes responsible for leadership and decision-making in a
society.
• Economic framework covers different sectors of economic
production, wealth, land, capital, money markets and labor.
• Social framework covers how societies are organized and
how people live and behave.
• Cultural Framework have two interpretations:
- It refers to the unique ideas and customs of a society
- It refers to the artistic and creative activities through
which a people express their ideas, values and feelings.

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Concept of Context/Perspectives
Perspective is a point of view – the position from which
people see and understand events going on in the world
around them.

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Other concepts of history:
Concept of Empathy:
The concepts of empathy help us to understand the impact
of past events on particular individual or groups. This
includes an appreciation of the circumstances they faced
and the motivations, values and attitudes behind their
actions.

Concept of Contestability:
The concept of contestability related to the explanations or
interpretations of past events that are open to debate.
Historian around the world often have access to every
different source.
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Thank you…