6.

9 Hess Law

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Learning Objective:
◦ Represent a chemical or physical process as a
sequence of steps.
◦ Explain the relationship between the enthalpy
of a chemical or physical process and the sum
of the enthalpies of the individual steps.
Success Criteria: apply Hess's law to
calculate the change in enthalpy.
Mindful minutes: Write down the equation
to calculate Enthalpy of Formation

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Hess’s Law
The enthalpy change of a physical or
chemical process is independent of the
pathway of the process and the number
of intermediate steps in the process.

Start Finish

Either way, you get to the finish. 3

Hess’s law allows you to determine
the energy of chemical reaction
without directly measuring it.

The enthalpy change of a chemical

process is equal to the sum of the
enthalpy changes of all the
individual steps that make up the
process.

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 Watch then Read through the PPT

https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/
65db6167a5049da7b77aa9c7/watch

Explore:

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 Determine the heat of reaction for the reaction:
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

Using the following sets of reactions:

N2(g) + O2(g)  2NO(g) H = 180.6 kJ

N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g) H = -91.8 kJ

2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(g) H = -483.7 kJ

Hint: The three reactions must be algebraically

manipulated to add up to the desired reaction.
and.. the H values must be treated accordingly. 6
Goal: 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
Using the following sets of reactions:
N2(g) + O2(g)  2NO(g) H = 180.6 kJ

N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g) H = -91.8 kJ

2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(g) H = -483.7 kJ

NH3: Reverse and x 2 4NH3  2N2 + 6H2 H = +183.6 kJ

O2 : Found in more than one place, SKIP IT (its hard).
NO: x2 2N2 + 2O2  4NO H = 361.2 kJ
H2O: x3 6H2 + 3O2  6H2O H = -1451.1 kJ

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 Goal: 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

NH3: Reverse and x2 4NH3  2N2 + 6H2 H = +183.6 kJ

O2 : Found in more than one place, SKIP IT.
NO: x2 2N2 + 2O2  4NO H = 361.2 kJ
H2O: x3 6H2 + 3O2  6H2O H = -1451.1 kJ

Cancel terms and take sum.

4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O H = -906.3 kJ

Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?

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Determine the heat of reaction for the reaction:

C2H4(g) + H2(g)  C2H6(g)

Use the following reactions:

C2H4(g) + 3O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) H = -1401 kJ

C2H6(g) + 7/2O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) H = -1550 kJ

H2(g) + 1/2O2(g)  H2O(l) H = -286 kJ

Consult your neighbor if necessary.

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 Determine the heat of reaction for the reaction:

Goal: C2H4(g) + H2(g)  C2H6(g) H = ?

Use the following reactions:

C2H4(g) + 3O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) H = -1401 kJ

C2H6(g) + 7/2O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) H = -1550 kJ

H2(g) + 1/2O2(g)  H2O(l) H = -286 kJ

C2H4(g) :use 1 as is C2H4(g) + 3O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) H = -1401 kJ
H2(g) :# 3 as is H2(g) + 1/2O2(g)  H2O(l) H = -286 kJ
C2H6(g) : rev #2 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)  C2H6(g) + 7/2O2(g) H = +1550 kJ

C2H4(g) + H2(g)  C2H6(g) H = -137 kJ

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Elaborate: try to solve on your own

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Challenge

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 Reflect

https://padlet.com/monas5
/
ap-chemistry-reflection-g6
im9r51hqewd8zd

HW: Solve college board

questions on unit 6
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