Gardens

Introduction
• A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors,
set aside for the cultivation, display, and
enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature.

• The single feature identifying even the wildest

wild garden is control. The garden can
incorporate both natural and artificial
materials.
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Gardens are much more than just pretty plants; they are extensions of our living
spaces, offering a connection to nature, microclimates, and a variety of
functionalities.
 Types of Gardens
Based on Historical context
• Egyptian Gardens

1
• Neolithic Times Gardens
• Mesopotamian Gardens
• Medieval Gardens
• Greek Gardens
• Roman Gardens
• Modern Gardens

Based on Function

2
• Landscap e Gard ens
• Cou rty ard Gardens
• Roo fto p Gard ens
• Formal Gard ens
• Kit ch en Gardens
Based On Historical Context

Ancient Egyptian Gardens

• The earliest surviving detailed garden plan dates back to
about 1400 BCE in ancient Egypt. This garden belonged to
a high court official in Thebes.

• Egyptian gardens were typically enclosed by walls and

were designed to be cool and refreshing. They were often
filled with trees, shrubs, and flowers, as well as pools and
fountains. The most common trees grown in Egyptian
gardens were palms, sycommores, and figs.

• The design of Egyptian gardens was often symbolic. The

gardens were seen as a microcosm of the universe, with
the pool representing the primeval waters of creation and
the trees and plants representing the forces of life.
Example...

Hamilton Gardens
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Neolithic Times Gardens

• The Neolithic Era began when some groups of humans

abandoned their nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyle
completely to embrace farming.

• Initially, humans subsisted on wild plants, but graduall

y they started cultivating small gardens and later tendi
ng large crop fields

• This shift allowed for the establishment of settled

communities, where humans could observe and
experiment with plants, learning how they grew and
developed.
Example...

Balkans and south-central Europe (Çatalhöyük)

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Mesopotamian Gardens
• Mesopotamian gardens were typically enclosed by walls, creating a
sense of separation from the harsh desert environment.

• The space within was often organized geometrically, with walkways,

canals, and planting areas arranged in a symmetrical or axial manner.

• Water was a central element in Mesopotamian gardens. Canals, pools,

and fountains provided irrigation, cooling, and a sense of tranquility.
The sound of flowing water further enhanced the peaceful atmosphere.

• Date palms, considered sacred trees, were prominently featured. Other

trees like sycamores and fruit trees provided shade and sustenance.
Vines were trained on walls and trellises, adding vertical elements and
greenery.
Example...

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

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Medieval Gardens
• Me dieva l gardens were typic ally e nc losed by walls for
protection a nd to cre ate a microc lima te . Walls a lso
provide d priva cy a nd a sense of separation from the
often c ha otic world outside.
• Symbolic Layouts: The organiz ation of the garde n ofte n
refle cte d re ligious belie fs or social orde r. Geometric
layouts with central space s or quartered designs were
common.

• Distinc t Area s: Ga rdens might be divide d into separate

sections for specific uses, suc h as a physic garden (herb
garde n) or a kitc he n garde n (vegetable ga rden).
Example...

Canterbury's monastery in England

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Greek Gardens
• Ancient Greek urban life led to houses built around
central private courtyards called peristyles.

• These courtyards featured gardens with water supplies

and potted plants.

• Public gathering places, sports grounds, and academies

influenced the later Classical Roman villa gardens and
European public parks.

• Sacred landscapes like the Vale of Tempe or the

mountain sanctuary of Delphi also existed.
Example...

National Garden Athens, Greece

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Roman Gardens
• Roman gardens were influenced by Greek designs.
.
• These small, enclosed town gardens extended visually
through landscapes painted on the walls.

• Frescoes depicted fruit trees, palms, and oleanders, cre

ating an illusion of lush greenery within the confined s
paces
.
Example...

Pompeii Garden, Rome

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Modern Gardens
• Breaking Away from Tradition : Mod er n g arden s emerg
ed in the 20th century, rejectin g th e r ig id fo rmality o f
traditional styles. They embr aced clean lines, g eo metri
c shapes, and a focus on fun ctio nality.

• Integration with Architectur e: Mod er n g ar dens wer e de

signed to seamlessly blend with the architectu re, creat
ing a unified indoor-outdoor living exp er ience.

• New Materials and Technolo gies: Th e use of new mate

rials like concrete, steel, and glass allo wed f or in no vat
ive and minimalist garden d esign s.
Example...
 Based On Function
Landscape Gardens
• Developed in reaction to the r igid for mality of
earlier styles, landscape gar dens aim to recreate an
idealized version of nature.
• T hey often incorporate winding paths, open
meadows, and strategically placed tr ees and shrubs to
cr eate a sense of depth and mystery.
Courtyard Gardens
• L ocated within the footprint of a building,
courtyard gardens offer a pr ivate outdoor space.
• T hey can be designed in various styles but often
utilize vertical elements like climbing plants and
strategically placed tr ees to cr eate a sense of
enclosure.
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Formal Gardens Rooftop Gardens Kitchen Gardens

• Transforming underutilized rooftops into

• C h aract eri zed b y sy mmetry, o rd er, an d • Designed for food production, kitchen
g eo met ri c sh ap es. Often asso ciated with
green spaces, rooftop gardens offer a
variety of benefits, including insulation, gardens can be small plots or expansive
g ran d estat es an d p alaces, th ese g ard en s
stormwater management, and habitat vegetable patches. They prioritize
featu re man icu red h ed g es, p arterres
creation for pollinators. They can be functionality and often have raised
(elab o rat e fl o wer b ed s), an d statu es
designed for relaxation, recreation, or beds, trellises, and companion planting
p l aced al o n g cen tral ax es.
even urban agriculture. techniques to maximize yield.
 Design Principles for Gardens

Circulation Focal Points: Functionality:

• Creat e pa t hwa ys t ha t • De t e r m i ne t he pur pose of t he

• I nt r o duc e e l e m e nt s l i ke
sea m l e ss l y c onne c t t he ga r de n – i s i t f or r e l a xa t i on,
sc u l pt ur e s , f ount a i ns, or wa t e r
bui l di ng t o t he ga r de n a nd e nt e r t a i ni ng, or pr ovi di ng a
f e a t ur e s t o dr a w t h e e y e a n d
gui de v i si t or s t h r ough t he pl a y a r e a ?
c r e a t e i nt e r e s t .
spa ce.
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Plant Selection:
Scale and Proportion:
• Choose plants that
complement the ar chitectur al
• Co nsider the size o f the style, climate, and maintenance
requirements.
building and surro undin g space
while designing the garden.
Integrating Gardens with Architecture

• Indoor-Outdoor Connection: Utilize large windows, sliding

doors, and patios to blur the lines between indoors and outdoors.

• Vertical Gardens: Maximize space by incorporating green walls

or rooftop gardens.

• Courtyards and Atriums: Create private, open-air spaces within

the building for light, ventilation, and connection to nature.

• Sustainable Design: Incorporate rainwater harvesting, greywater

irrigation, and native plants for a more eco-friendly garden
Impact of Gardens

• Gar dens offer a refuge from the ur ban envir onment,

01 r educing stress and promoting wel l- being.

• Well -designed gardens increase the pr oper ty value

of buildings. T hey can improve air qual it y and
02
r egulate temperature, creating microcli mates.

• Gard e n s fo s t er c o m m u n i t y i n t eract i o n an d
03 p ro v i d e a s p a c e fo r s o c i a l g at h eri n g
Thank You! Done By
• Efrata Amha
• Etsehiwot Tesfaye
• Fikir Dereje
• Faiz Getaneh
• Minas Fasil