AFFIRMING AND

NEGATING WORDS
AND EXPRESSIONS:
MODALS
OBJECTIVES
•1. identify affirming words and expressions using
modals;
•2. identify negating words/expressions using
modals;
•3. use words and expressions that affirm or negate
in writing and conversing.
To give you an idea of what we are going to talk about today, please
observe and compare the details on the table below.
MODAL
•A modal is a verb that combines with
another verb to indicate mood or tense.
A modal, also known as a modal auxiliary
or modal verb, expresses necessity,
uncertainty, possibility, or permission.
‘’You should wear facemask
when you’re going to a
public place’’.
Now what is affirming?
•Affirming or affirmation
is the confirmation that
something is true or valid.
What is negation or negating?
•Negating or negation is the act of denying
that an idea or statement is true or valid.
Other modals which can be subjected for
affirming or negating functions are can,
may, shall, might, could, will and would.
 ACTIVITY 1
Use the correct modal for each
statement.
1. The government (can, cannot)
flatten the curve if the public will
not follow health and safety
protocols.
2. Health and safety standards
like frequent handwashing
(must, mustn’t) be followed
during a pandemic.
3. You (should, shouldn’t) always
assume that you can’t be infected
by the deadly virus even when you
think that you are fit and healthy.
4. The sacrifices that health workers
are making in safeguarding the public
from the virus (should, should not)
serve as a reminder that the situation
calls for everybody’s cooperation.
5. Health risks (can, cannot)
justify any irresponsible actions
during a pandemic.
 ACTIVITY 2
Directions: Write T if the statement is true, and F
if the statement is false. Write the answer on the
space before the number.
VALUING
•What are the things that you can still affirm or
feel positive about especially through and with
the Filipino spirit?
•How about the negative things you observe?

•How can you help the community in your own

way?
 LET’S TRY
Complete the following sentences by supplying the
correct modal. Derive your answers from the given
word pool. Write the complete sentence.
C

E
D
 AFFIRMING AND
NEGATING WORDS
AND EXPRESSIONS:
ADVERBS
 OBJECTIVES
•1. identify affirming words and expressions
using adverbs;
•2. identify negating words and expressions
using adverbs;
•3. use words and expressions that affirm or
negate in writing and conversing.
RECAP
•In the process of communication, expressing
your thoughts, whether you agree or
disagree, should be delivered clearly so that
you would be understood better. Using
modals properly can signal affirming or
negating ideas in statements we speak or
write.
ADVERBS
•Adverb of Affirmation or Negation is a
word which declares that something is true or may be a
negative statement, judgment or a logical proposition.
In addition, adverbs that affirm also include
• Exactly
•affirmatively • Alright
•assuredly • Obviously
• Positively
•avowedly • Really
• Sure
•clearly • Surely
• Undoubtedly
•truly • Yes
•definitely • certainly
• by all means
•doubtlessly • verily etc.
On the other hand, adverbs that negate
also feature
• Contradictorily
• Rarely
• Scarcely
• Almost
• Invalidly
• Never
• No
• not or words ending -n’t such as haven't.
 ACTIVITY
Write A if the adverb in the sentence is affirming
and N if the adverb is negating. Write the answer on
the space before the number.
VALUING
•Looking at the things happening
in our society right now, what
are the things that you agree
and disagree about? Why?
LET’S TRY
ANSWER
 B

A
 A

C
 USING CONJUNCTION
WORDS AND
EXPRESSIONS THAT
AFFIRM OR NEGATE IN AN
ARGUMENT
OBJECTIVES
•1. define affirmative and negative conjunction
words,
• 2. identify affirmative and negative
conjunction words used in an argument; and
•3. use affirmative and negative conjunction
words in arguments or sentences.
Before going on, what you learned from your
previous English lessons are the uses and purposes
of connectors in a sentence.

Conjunctions are words that join or connect

sentences, phrases, and other words together.
You also learned how these words work in
combining ideas.
•Learning and understanding these words and
expressions will help you to identify the
affirmative and negative conjunctions and
how to use them to carefully and to clearly
communicate in an argumentation.
In other words, the meaning of
the sentence or an argument
will be different and will be
vague to the audience if you use
inappropriate conjunction
words. You cannot be
understood and you cannot
deliver the message properly,
unless you find and choose the
right connective word.
Conjunction Words and Expressions That
Affirm and Negate in an Argument
Conjunctions help add variety to your ideas because
they can be used to create sentences or arguments
with different styles and meanings. It serves as a cue
within a sentence, signaling the reader/listener that
another idea is coming.
Also, it helps to point out the views or ideas, if you
affirm (agree) or negate (disagree) on the given
argument.
CONJUNCTIONS
AS AFFIRMATION
Conjunctions as Affirmation
•These words are used in sentences or arguments to
affirm that they were true. Generally, these words
and expressions are used to answer the argument
raised by others like additionally, also, and, as well
as, even, similarly, likewise, in the same way,
furthermore, in addition, indeed, moreover, and
not only. They show support and that similar ideas
are being created.
Let’s look at these examples:

The cathedral inspired Victor Hugo to write

and to encourage his passion for Gothic art and
architecture, furthermore, he is also a scholar of
medieval Christianity and used the history of its
churches, martyrs, and saints as a backdrop for
the Hunchback of Notre dame novel.
Here’s another example of affirmative
sentence.

The political crisis has a

negative influence on the
economy. Indeed, foreign
investments have never been as
low.
CONJUNCTIONS
AS NEGATION
• They are used in sentences or arguments to deny
that they are true.
• The conjunction words like alternatively, anyway,
but, by contrast, differs from, elsewhere, even
so, however, in contrast, nor, regardless, in other
respects, in spite of this, in that respect, instead,
nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand,
rather, eventhough, though, whereas, and yet are
used to oppose the given ideas.
Let’s look at these examples:
Victor Hugo acknowledges that fate plays
a powerful role in the novel, on the contrary, it
suggests that Frollo's deterministic attitude
was because of free will is what allows him to
become such a horrible person.
Let’s look at these examples:
Supporting imported products can be
beneficial but, patronizing local goods can
better improve our country’s economy and
services.
LET’S PRACTICE
1. It’s clear that we all need to exercise more:
Exercise improves one’s strength and reduces
one’s risk of chronic disease. In addition, new
evidence is suggesting that it is important for
one’s mental fitness as well.
The answer is “Affirmative” and the conjunction
used is “In addition”. It simply signals that one is
about to say something which gives additional
support or agree on the importance of exercise.
2. The author did supply multiple sources to
support her overall point. However, these
sources were not reviewed or scholarly, which
decreased the power of her overall argument.

It is “Negative” and the conjunction is “However”. In these two

sentences, the author is presenting contrasting information. The first
point about that sources were present to support the author's point
contrasts the second point which the sources were not credible, thus
limiting their support of the essay's argument.
3. Mason (2007) highlighted the three mechanisms
that are always operable within the air compressor.
Additionally, she noted the two mechanical
elements that only work when the air compressor
reaches full power.

It is “Affirmative” and the conjunction is "additionally".

It, highlights additional information which the author has
included in the statement.
 ACTIVITY 1
Identify if the following conjunction
words below are affirmative or negative.
ANSWER
 ACTIVITY 2
Identify if the given conjunction is affirmative or
negative in each statement. Write your answer on
the space provided before each number.
ANSWER
WRAP-UP
 These are the words that join
or connect sentences, phrases,
and other words together.
CONJUNCTIONS
 It is used in sentences or arguments to
affirm they were true. They show
support and that similar ideas are being
created.
Conjunction words as
Affirmative
 It is used in sentences or
arguments to oppose and
contradict the given ideas.
Conjunction words as Negative
 TRY!
Choose the appropriate conjunction for each
affirmative and negative statement
 USING WORDS AND
EXPRESSIONS THAT AFFIRM
OR NEGATE IN DECLARATIVE
STATEMENT OR ARGUMENT.
RECAP
• Before going on, what you have learned from your
previous English lessons are the affirmative and
negative words used in an argument or sentences.
• Being aware of words and expressions that affirm
and negate plays an important role in improving our
speaking and writing skills.
 DECLARATIVE SENTENCE
•a declarative sentence is a sentence that
makes a statement, provides a fact, offers
an explanation, or conveys information. It is
the most common type of sentences we use
in our day to day life.
 I like to attend classes
I am excited to participate
in all games.
My English teacher set to
explain the new grammar rules
 USING WORDS AND
EXPRESSIONS THAT AFFIRM
OR NEGATE IN DECLARATIVE
STATEMENT OR ARGUMENT.
•Declarative sentences tell our readers in a
normal conversation, without excitement or
strong emotion. We use them to convey
messages. They always end in a period and
they can be in positive or negative form, and
in any tense.
AFFIRMATIVE DECLARATIVE
SENTENCES
•It tell us what something is, has or does. In
other words, any sentence or declaration
that is positive or true, it is an affirmative
statement.
NEGATIVE DECLARATIVE SENTENCES

•Sentences that contain “not” and “no”

and are added after the helping verbs. It
tell us what something is not, has not,
or does not
 Let’s look at an example of affirmative
declarative sentence.

Quasimodo suffers both pain of

torture and public humiliation. He
begs for water, and someone
answers his request for a drink.
How about the negative declarative form
of this sentence?

Quasimodo suffers both pain of

torture and public humiliation. He
begs for water, and no one
answers his request.
How about the negative declarative form
of this sentence?

Quasimodo suffers both pain of

torture and public humiliation. He
begs for water, and no one
answers his request.
Next example of Affirmative statement.

Studying abroad is the only way to get

completely immersed in another language
and learn how other cultures and countries
are different from your own.
What about the negative form of this argument? You try
to give the negative word showing your disagreement.

Studying abroad ______ the only way to

Isn’t or is not

get completely immersed in another

language and learn how other cultures and
countries are different from your own.
An affirmative statement can be
changed into negative by using
another word which is the
antonym, or by adding prefixes
in the negative sentence.
LET’S PRACTICE
AFFIRMATIVE
2. Nobody has the right to degrade
people with different skin colors, social
status or backgrounds.

NEGATIVE
3. Parents should limit the usage of
smart phones, monitor their children's
online activity, and report any cyber
bullying to school officials in order to
combat this problem.

AFFIRMATIVE
ACTIVITY 1
PAIRING
ANSWER
LET’S TRY
INDIVIDUAL
PERFORMANCE TASK 1
Write your argument on the given topic. Do you agree or
disagree? Use the words and expressions that will
indicate your answer.

Social media has a huge impact on our lives,

especially it can be used as a place to express
ourselves freely, such as posting pictures and
videos, posting announcements, and posting
comments. Is it right to use social media to share
ideas about personal issues?