LASER

TECHNOLOGY
BY SAYYE D AYE SHA ARI F &
SHAI KH M UM TAZ M I L AN
MEMBERS

SAYYED AYESHA ARIF ROLL :154

SHAIKH MUMTAZ MILAN OLY ROLL :153
 WHAT IS LASER?

Laser stands for:

oLight
oAmplification by
oStimulated
oEmission of
oRadiation
INTRODUNCION
A device produces a coherent beam of optical radiation by
stimulating electronic, ionic, or molecular transitions to higher energy
levels.
When they return to lower energy levels by stimulated emission,
they emit energy.
Mainly used in single mode system
Require higher complex driver circuitry than LEDs.single-mode
HISTORY OF LASER
In 1917, Albert Einstein established the
theoretical foundation for the laser and the
maser in the paper zur quantentheorie der
stralung(On the Quantum Theory of
Radiation) via a re-derivation of max
plank’slaw of radiation, conceptually based
upon probability coefficients(Einstein’s
coefficient) for the absorption, spontaneous
emission, and stimulated emission of
electromagnetic radiation
HISTORY OF LASER
In 1928, Rudolf W. Ladenburg
confirmed the existence of the
phenomenon of stimulated emission
and negative absorption.
In 1939, valentin A . Fabrikant
predicted the use of stimulated
emission to amplify “short” waves.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LASER
Highly Monochromatic
Highly Coherent
Highly Directional
Highly Intense (brightness)
HIGHLY MONOCHROMATIC
•The light emitted from A laser is
monochromatic, that is, it is of one
color/wavelength. In contrast, ordinary
white light is a combination of many
colors(or wavelengths) of light
HIGHLY COHERENT
The light from a laser is said to be coherent, which means that the
wavelengths of the laser light are in phase in space and time.
Ordinary light can be a mixture of many wavelengths.
HIGHLY DIRECTIONAL
Laser emits light that is highly directional, that is laser light is
emitted as a relatively narrow beam in a specific direction. Ordinary
light, such as from a light bulb is emitted in many directions away
from the source.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LASER
Spontaneous emission
Simulated emission
Absorption
Population inversion
ABSORPTION
Energy is absorbed by an
atom, the electrons are
excited into vacant energy
shells
SPONTANEOUS EMISSION
The atom decays from
level 2 to level 1 through
the emission of a photon. It
is a completely random
process
POPULATION INVERSION
When a sizable population of
electrons resides in upper
levels, this condition is called
a “population inversion”,
which sets the stage for the
stimulated emission of
multiple photons.
 POPULATION INVERSION
This is the precondition for the light amplification
which occurs in LASER and since the emitted photons
have a definite time and phase relation to each other,
the light has a high degree of coherence.
APPLICATIONS OF LASER
1:SCIENTIFIC
a. SPECTROSCOPY
b. LUNAR LASER RANGING
c. PHOTOCHEMISTRY
d. LASER COOLING
e. NUCLEAR FUSION
APPLICATION OF LASER
2:MILITARY
a. DEATH RAY
b. DEFENSIVE APPLICATIONS
c. STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE
d. LASER SITE
e. ILLUMINATOR
f. RENGEFINDER
g. TARGET DESIGNATOR
APPLICATIONS OF LASER
3:MEDICAL
a. EYE SURGERY
b. COSMETIC SURGERY
APPLICATION OF LASER
4:INDUSTRY&COMMECIAL
a. CUTTING, WELDING, MARKING
b. CD PLAYER, DVD PLAYER
c. LASER PRINTERS, LASER POINTERS
d. LASER LIGHT DISPLAY
THANK YOU