HARCOURT BUTLER TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF OIL TECHNOLOGY

EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL
OILS PRESENT IN CARDAMOM

Under the supervision of- Presented by -

Kshitij Singh
Mr. Gaurav Singh (Assistant Srijan Singh
Professor)
 INTRODUCTION

An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile (easily

evaporated at normal temperatures) chemical compounds from plants. An
essential oil is essential in the sense that it contains the essence of the
plant's fragrance—the characteristic fragrance of the plant from which it is
derived

Essential oils are soluble in alcohol, ether, and fixed oils, but insoluble in water.
These volatile oils are generally liquid and colorless at room temperature. They
have a characteristic odor, are usually liquid at room temperature and have a
density less than unity, with the exception of a few cases (cinnamon, sassafras,
and vetiver)
 CARDAMOM ESSENTIAL OIL
Botanical Name Elettaria cardamonum
Common Method Of Steam Distillation
Extraction
Aroma Very complex and smooth
spice aroma
Oil Yeild 1-5 %

Composition 1,8 cineole (25.6%)

Linalool (6.3%)
α- terpinyl acetate (40.7%)
• Cardamom belongs to the Ginger family and is native to India, and
now been used all over the world.

• It has been recognized in Ayurveda to provide relief to

indigestion and prevent bad breath and cavities.

• Cardamom Essential oil also has the same sweet-spicy fragrance

and all the useful properties of Cardamom seeds.

• It is used in making Perfumes and incense sticks. It is also used

in making mouth fresheners and breath mints.

• Apart from its refreshing aroma, it also has medicinal properties,

providing relief to long-term pain and joint pain.
 METHOD OF EXTRACTION

DISTILLATION
ं

• Multistage continuous distillation process where steam is used as a stripping gas to

extract the oils.

• Steam is directed through the plant material.

• Pressurized steam is passed through the biomass, where it ruptures the plant
structures that hold the essential oils

• The mixture of hot vapours is collected and condensed in order to produce a liquid in
which the oil and water form two distinct layers.
 MACHINERY & EQUIPMENTS
Machine Name Machine Description Machine Image.

Vibrating separator A vibrating separator is a multifunctional

machinery used for pre-treatment and
cleaning. Adopting high frequency and small
vibrating amplitude motor, it can efficiently
separate and clean impurities of different
sizes.

Steam distillation Distillation unit is made up of stainless steel.

unit It is specially designed so that the steam
distillation as well as solvent extraction can
be done in the same unit at atmosphere.
Machine Name Machine Description Machine Image.

Packaging machine Oil filling machine consists of filling nozzle,

when filling sealing ring is opened and when
filling is completed the sealing is blocked
up. Consist of cap pressing machine, bottle
caps automatically go into bottle cap slot by
adopting cap pulling device.

Material handling These Equipment’s are used for material

and other handling. Other equipment’s like water
Equipment’s pumps, silos, bucket elevator, belt
conveyors, unloading bin, etc are also used.
 MARKET

The global Cardamom Oil market is

expected to witness a market value of
US$ 188.9 Million in 2023 and is
expected to accumulate a market
value of US$ 285.1 Million by
registering a CAGR of 4.2% in the
forecast period 2023 to 2033. The
Cardamom Oil market registered a
CAGR of 2.6% in the historical period
2018 to 2022. Factors such as the
increasing demand in health and
cosmetic sector, as well as the
increasing awareness regarding good
health, are expected to boost the
market growth over the analysis
period.
 BASIS & PRESUMPTIONS
• Working shift of 8 hours per day has been considered.

• Raw Material stock is for 10 days and Finished goods Closing Stock has been taken for 10 days.

• Credit period by the Sundry Creditors has been provided for 10 days.

• Depreciation and Income tax has been taken as per the Income tax Act, 1961.

• Interest on working Capital Loan and Term loan has been taken at 11%.

• Salary and wages rates are taken as per the Current Market Scenario.

• Increase in sales and raw material costing has been taken @ 5% on a yearly basis.
 CAPACITY, UTILIZATION, PRODUCTION & OUTPUT
COMPUTATION OF PRODUCTION OF CARDAMOM
ESSENTIAL OIL

Items to be Manufactured

Cardamom essential oil

Total Working Hours 8
Plant Capacity per day 60 Ltr
Working days in a month 25 Days
Working Days per annum 300
Wastage Considered 10%
Raw materials Requirement 18000 Ltr
Final output per annum after wastage 16200 Ltr
Final product to be packed in 100 ml bottle
Number of Bottles Per Annum 162000 100 ml bottle
Cost of setting up a castor oil derivatives unit Project cost and means of finance
Key operational indicators

Project components & specifications Cost (INR)

Land and Land development 6218000
Buildings and civil works 2590000
Plant and machinery 1275000
Miscellaneous and other fixed assets 460000
Preliminary and pre-operative 520000
Provision for contingencies 309200
Total Fixed Assets 11372200
Margin for working capital 8600000
Estimated capital cost of project 19927800
Means of finance Cost (in lakhs)
Promoter’s contribution (Equity) 6576174
Term loan (Debt) (67% of cost of project) 13351626
Total 19927800
 Cost Of Project

Land
Area of Land = 2000 sq. m
Circle Rate = 2700 Rs/sq. m
Project Location: Idukki,Kerela

Entities Calculations Cost (INR)

Cost of Land 2700 *2700 54,00,000.00
Site development charges (earth 5,00,000.00
filling, boring, etc)
Registration + Stamp Duty of (1%+4.9%) of Land cost 3,18,600
land cost
Total 62,18,000.00
 Building

Entities Cost (INR)

Construction (2000 sq.m)

22,80,000.00

Electrification
2,60,000.00

Other Expenses
50,000.00

Total
25,90,000.00
 MACHINERY USED

Machine Unit Rate Price

Vibrating separator 1 175000 175000

Steam distillation 1 450000 450000

unit

Packaging machine 1 300000 300000

Material handling 350000 350000
and other
equipment’s
(Trolley,
weighing machine,
storage bins, etc.)
 VIABILITY ANALYSIS
The most important raw material shall be good quality peanuts. Availability
would not be a problem as the monthly requirement even at 100% utilisation
would be just 1.35 tones. But care has to be taken to select peanuts with uniform
size and minimum moisture.

SALARY & WAGES

Particulars Nos. Monthly Salary(Rs.) Total Monthly Salary

(Rs.)
Supervisor 1 38000 38000
Skilled Workers 2 25000 50000
Unskilled Workers 3 11000 33000
Salesman 2 9000 18000
Manager 1 28000 28000
Accountant 1 25000 25000
Packing Incharge 2 23000 46000
Total per Month 238000 Total per Annum 2856000
UTILITIES REQUIREMENT

Particulars Value Description

Power connection required 20 KWH
consumption per day 160 units
Consumption per month 4,000 units
Rate per Unit 10 Rs
power Bill per month 40.000 Rs
Steam per day 934 KG
Steam per Month 28000 KG
Rate per KG 2 Rs
Bill per Month 56000 Rs
Total per Annum 1152000 Rs
Other Contingencies Expenses per Month
Selling +Publicity 120000.00
Telephone +Wi-Fi 6000.00
Insurance 270000.00
Stationary, Furniture, Store 60000.00
Total per month 456000.00
Total per annum 5472000.00

Raw Material (Per Day)

Raw Material Consumption Price per Kg Price per day
Cardamom 1200 kg 1300 1560000
Misc. chemicals and 20000
consumables

Total per Annum 474000000

Repair & Maintainance

Entities Net Amount

On building (1% per annum) 25900.00

On Plant and Machinery and Utilities (2% per 25500.00

annum )

Total per annnum 51400.00

Depriciation(Annum)

Entities Calculation Amount (INR)

Building 10% of the Cost of Building 621800.00
Plant and Machinery, Utilities, and 33% of the Cost of Machinery and 420750.00
another fixed asset Equipment
Total per annum 1042550.00
Raw Material Cost

Year Capacity Rate

Utilisation (per 10ml bottle)

1st Year 30% 140

2nd Year 35% 147

3rd Year 40% 154

4th Year 45% 162

5th Year 50% 170

 Break Even Point at 50% capacity
Particulars Fixed Cost Variable Cost
Raw Material 474000000
Salary and Wages (40% F.D) 1142400.00 1713600.00
Utilities (30% F.D) 345600.00 806400.00
Admin and selling Expenses (50% FD) 2736000.00 2736000.00

Repair and Maintenance (50% FD) 308400.00 308400.00

Insurance 150000.00
Depreciation 514623.00
Interest on Term loan 2002744.00
Interest on Working Capital 2192058.00
Total 6891367.00 481756458.00
Total (Fixed Cost + Variable Cost) 488647825.00

Break Even Point = 37% [Fixed Cost / (Sales – Variable Cost)] * Percentage Utilization
 LICENCE AND CERTIFICATION
• In India, manufacturing essential oils for use in cosmetics is regulated by the Drugs and Cosmetics Act,
1940, and the Rules thereunder. Here are the permissions and licenses required for manufacturing
essential oils in India:

• Manufacturing License: You will need a manufacturing license to produce essential oils for use in
cosmetics. This license is issued by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) or the
State Drug Control Authority.

• Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP): You must adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
guidelines for the manufacturing process to ensure that the essential oils are produced in a safe and
hygienic manner. This will help to ensure the quality of the products you manufacture.

• Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Certification: Essential oils used in cosmetics must meet certain quality
standards set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). You will need to obtain BIS certification for your
essential oils to demonstrate compliance with these standards.

• GST Registration: You will need to register for Goods and Services Tax (GST) if your annual turnover
exceeds a certain threshold.

• Environmental Clearance: Depending on the location of your manufacturing unit, you may need to obtain
environmental clearance from the State Pollution Control Board.

• Trade License: You will need to obtain a trade license from your local municipal corporation or panchayat
to operate your manufacturing unit.
EQUIPMENT DESIGNING
STEAM DISTILLATION UNIT
•Steam distillation is often used to separate heat-sensitive components in a
mixture.

•This is done by passing steam through the mixture (which is slightly heated)
to vaporize some of it. The process establishes a high heat-transfer rate
without the need for high temperatures.

•The resulting vapor is condensed to afford the required distillate.

•The process of steam distillation is used to obtain essential oils and herbal
distillates from several aromatic flowers/herbs.
Principle:
A mixture of immiscible liquids begins to boil when sum of their vapour
pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.

In case of mixture of water and turpentine, mixture boils below the boiling
point of pure water, though the turpentine boils at a much higher temperature
than that of water.

Application:

•  Used to separate immiscible liquids. Ex- Water + Toluene

• Extraction at much lower temperature to protect from decomposition without
loss of aroma
•  To extract volatile oils like clove, anise and eucalyptus oils.
•  Purification of essential oils like almond oil.
•  Camphor is distilled by this method.
Construction of assembly:
•  Metallic steam can fitted with cork having two holes.

• Safety tube inserted up to bottom through one hole to maintain pressure in side stem can,
more over when steam comes out from safety tube indicates that can is empty.

•  Through other hole band tube is passed and other end of this tube is
connected to flask containing non-aqueous liquid in which tube is dipped.

•  Flask and condenser is connected with delivery tube.

•  Condenser is connected to receiver with help of adopter.

•  Provision are made to heat both steam can and flask separately.
Distillation Kettle Volume 300L
Capacity 100-120kg/batch
Working Pressure Atmospheric
Working Temperature 95-105 C
Energy Saving Insulation Outer Material=2mm/SUS304
Insulation -Aluminium Silicate
Heating Area 1.1 m^2
Condensing Area 3 m^2
Cooling Area 3 m^2
Condensor Working Pressure 0.25Mpa
Condesnor Inlet Water Temperature less than 25 C
Distillation Method Steam Distillation
Heating Method Electricity Solar Energy
Feed Port Caliber 350mm
Steam Quantity 25kg/hour
Water Consumption 800L
Determination of Height and Radius of Reactor
Radius of reactor = 0.625 m

Diameter of reactor- 1.25 m

Height = 2.5 m

Disc Bottom Height, H-0.5 m

Capacity of Volume of Reactor- 300 L

Thickness of Tank:
From Red Bag calculator on the net for vacuum and required material pressure SS Reactor thickness
comes 2.6 mm

For more safety we shall take 10 mm plate thickness (as is practice also)

Do (Outer Diameter)- 1.32 m

 Rate of stainless steel 304 = Rs 150/kg

Total amount of stainless steel used = 113 Kg

Rate of Condenser = Rs 90000

Features:
• Full 304 stainless steel, durable and easy to clean

• Vertical condensation, good condensation effect, no water residue

• Equipped with oil-water separator, easy to separate and collect the essential oil
and hydrosol.

• Artificial mechanics,easy to discharge

• Independent steam generator included, can use different heating source,

electric or gas.
THANK YOU :)