Elderly care

CAREGIVING 4. MODULE 201

The conflict which arises in each stage is dependent on what
psychological needs are required during that stage. During infancy,
these are the basic needs: food, love, safety, nurturance, it is through
these needs we build trust, when these needs are not met, we gain
mistrust of those around us and become emotionally detached. This
creates the first stage trust vs. mistrust and occurs from birth to 18
months and is the most crucial stage as we are entirely reliant on our
caregivers. Failure in this stage develops fear, mistrust, suspicion,
and anxiety and negative schemas about others and the world.
The second stage is autonomy vs shame and doubt,
18 months to 3 years old. At this age, we are gaining independence as we explore the world
around us. We are acknowledging what we visually identify in our world and our
developing physical skills. Through this personal growth, we gain personal control and
autonomy or independence. Role models assist in this stage which can be parents, teachers,
caregivers, who provide the child with choice and letting them perform actions on their
own. Potty training is crucial during this stage, as this is when the child learns control of
their body in a supportive space while being independent, hence the autonomy which
increases personal power and a sense of being in the world. When parents are encouraging
and expect their children to explore limits, scratch them and avoid criticizing, children grow
up feeling secure, and confident to move through the next stages of development.
Shame and doubt arise when parents are overly critical or
controlling and prevent the child from asserting their
desire for exploration and autonomy. The child may feel
unable to survive and will constantly need their parents
around, they lack self-esteem and become excessively
dependent on others. There is shame over toileting
accidents such as bed wetting, or just missing the cue and
wetting the pants. The lack of control and encouragement
from parents creates shame and doubt they can act on
their own without help.
Stage 3 is initiative vs Guilt. When we have autonomy, confidence,
and self-esteem to explore our world, we initiate play and social
interactions, which fits as this stage is targeted from the ages 3-5.
We learn with our peers to assert ourselves through play with others
our age and our interpersonal skills. If we are overly restricted from
exploring our social world by parental control or criticism, we
develop guilt. When we are criticized, guilt increases reducing our
self-esteem and desire to take initiative for fear of failure.
Stage 4 is Industry vs Inferiority
Ages 5- 12 and we become immersed in the education system, school, peer
interactions, and learning to juggle academics and friends. Teachers play a larege
role in our growth through this stage as they are our role models for learning and
achieving.
Our peer groups are also important as they also help build our self-esteem and
confidence.
During this age we may be engaging in sport activities which assist in our
thoughts on our ability to perform and complete tasks and obtaining approval.
When we are industrious, we develop competence and flourishing self-esteem,
confidence, and positive interpersonal skills and relationships. Failure during this
stage can lead to inferiority feeling as if we are unable to perform specific skills
reducing our self-esteem, competency, and confidence levels. Failure can have a
substantial impact in our maturation through our teenage years
Stage 5 Identity vs Role Confusion
The stage of the daunting teenage years for both parents and the
teenager. There are many new opportunities presenting itself as the
youth progresses socially, athletically, academically all or some of these
at once. There are changes in the mind and how the youth thinks based
on maturation of the frontal lobe which is responsible for all executive
functioning and emotion regulation tasks. As well, the stages of puberty
which affects hormones levels and impacts how our mind works. This
stage is the final stage which sets us up for adulthood and old age. It is
the valuable exploration of our beliefs, goals, values, morals and how
these will create our personal identity and sense of self.
Failure during this stage looks like lack of identity and sense
of self, confusion and not understanding our role in the world
and purpose in life. We are unsure of ourselves, our future, and
the people around us, our social group is poor or nonexistent
as we do not know where we belong which may lead to
identity crisis.
Stage 6: Intimacy vs Isolation
Creation of our personal and intimate relationships between 18 and 40
years old, the success in the stage is dependent on the success in stage
5. Major conflict may arise here as we attempt to gain larger long-term
commitments such as work-related responsibilities along with family.
The creation of health and happy relationships are secure and enduring
for us to experience. Love is the ultimate success during this stage, we
crave meaningful and lasting relationships.
Failure at this stage looks at going beyond, within or outside control
to form appropriate bongs or avoidance of intimacy. This may lead
to loneliness, isolation and depression and poor sense of self and
becoming emotionally isolated and engage in few committed
relationships.
If there is continued failure throughout the previous stages, one may
engage in unhealthy relationships to achieve conflict resolution.
Stage 7: Generativity vs Stagnation
This stage occurs around 40 and into our mid-sixties. During our middle adulthood, we
look for longevity in our life’s continuation and the long-term impact we have had on
others.
When we feel we have made a mark on the world, we nurtured things outside of who
we are, we are providing generativity. We are advancing the generations below us as we
demonstrated what being a productive and valuable member of society and our
interpersonal groups.
Success in this stage is presented in our level of care and feeling useful in life, we are
proud of who we have become and have a strong relationship with our partner.
Failure is very different as we feel stagnate. We feel we
had little impact on the world, we failed to make a dent
in the world as we could not identify our purpose. We
feel unproductive, uninvolved, disillsusioned, and
disconnected from the world.
Stage 8: Integrity vs Despair, the final stage.
From age 65 until our passing. This stage is one
of reflection. We we slow down, and naturally
become less productive, embrace what we have
become and accomplished. Success shows in our
beliefs we achieved our goals, found happiness
and have feelings of integrity and wholeness. We
can state, if we pass, we will be at peace.
Failure may look like a sense of despair and
regret over things left unfinished or mistakes
we had made. We become bitter about the
past and present and frightened about coming
to the end of the life
ELDERLY
Elderly care, or simply eldercare (also known
in parts of the English-speaking world as
aged care), serves the needs of old adults. It
encompasses assisted living, adult daycare,
long-term care, nursing homes (often called
residential care), hospice care, and home
care.
MENTAL HEALTH CONCERNS

DEPRESSION
GRIEF
ISOLATION
SUICIDE
NEGLECT AND ABUSE
STAGES OF DEATH

 DABDA

 DENIAL
 ANGER
 BARGAINING
 DEPRESSION
 ACCEPTANCE