Group 1

Alkis, Ibbrahim
Abolhasan, Al-fad
Arip, Ronli
Campaner, Aikie
Carillo, Dana Mae
 CONTENTS

01. 02. 03. 04.

Data/Digital Pulse Pulse code Delta

communication Modulation Modulation Communication
Data/Digital
Communication
 DATA AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
The terms Data Communication and Digital Communication share a common
word, Communication between them. Communication that natively means to
share something; makes these terms look similar, but they are quite different
from each other. While one term relates more to what is being communicated
other is closer to what is the type and process of sharing involved during
communication.
Data communication is a broader term that encompasses the transfer of any
type of data between two points, while digital communication specifically
refers to the transfer of digital signals over a communication channel. While
the two terms are related, it is important to distinguish between them based
on the specific context in which they are used.
 Data Communication

Data Communication refers to the sharing or transfer of collection of

facts, figures, etc. between devices capable of such exchanges using
some of the other communication mediums. Whenever we
communicate we share facts, ideas, etc. in mutually agreed-upon
language and speed with the maximum accuracy possible. The same
is the case in data communication, here the effectiveness of Data
Communication is determined by correctness in delivery, the
accuracy of transfer, timeliness, and lesser variation in packet arrival
times.
 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

Digital Communication involves the physical transfer of data and

information through a suitable communication channel. This exchange of
information in the form of discrete messages can take place Point to Point
or Point to Multipoint. Conventionally analog signals have been used to
establish a connection and start communication over large distances but
this made the signals suffer many losses such as distortion, interference,
and even security breaches. These problems were overcome by the usage
of digital signals over analog ones. Analog signals are digitized using
different techniques. Communication using these digital signals makes it
more accurate and less vulnerable to losses or breaches.
Pulse Modulation
 Pulse Modulation is aAND
DATA typeDIGITAL
of modulation in which the signal is
COMMUNICATION
The terms DatainCommunication
transmitted and Digital
the form of pulses. Communication
It can share a common
be used to transmit
word, Communication
analogue information.between them.
In pulse Communication
modulation, that natively
continuous means
signals areto
share something; makes these terms look similar, but they are quite different
sampled at regular intervals.
from each other. While one term relates more to what is being communicated
other is closer to what is the type and process of sharing involved during
Pulse modulation can be classified into two major types:
communication.
• Analogue:
Data communicationIndication of sample
is a broader amplitude
term that is infinitely
encompasses variable.
the transfer of any
• Digital:
type Indicatestwo
of data between sample
points,amplitude
while digitalatcommunication
the nearest specifically
refers to the transfer of
predetermined digital signals over a communication channel. While
level.
the two terms are related, it is important to distinguish between them based
on the specific context in which they are used.
 Analog Pulse Modulation
The pulse analog modulation technique are of three types namely, PAM,
PWM, and PPM.

• Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

Pulse amplitude modulation is defined as the process of varying the
amplitude of the pulse in proportion to the instantaneous variation of
message signal.
• Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
Pulse width modulation is defined as a process of varying the width of
the pulse in proportion to the instantaneous variation of message.
• Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)
Pulse position modulation is defined as the process of varying the
position of the pulse with respect to the instantaneous variation of the
message signal.
Digital Pulse Modulation

Digital modulation

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

This type of modulation is different from all
modulations learnt so far. It is clear from the block
diagram given at the top that it is a type of digital
modulation. That is, the signals here are sampled and
sent in pulse form.
 Delta Modulation

In this type of modulation, the sampling rate is very high.

Here, the step size after quantisation is of the smaller
value, and also, the quantisation design is very simple.
Here, the bit rate can be designed by the user.
Pulse Code Modulation
Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a form of digital-to-analog
conversion in which the information contained in the
samples of an analog signal can be represented or shown
in the form of digital words in a serial bit stream of words.
A Digital technique that involves sampling an analog signal at regular
intervals and coding the measured amplitude into a series of binary
values, which are transmitted by modulation of a pulsed, or
intermittent, carrier. It is the standard technique in
telecommunications transmission

Examples Of PCM include blue-ray discs, Red Book

compact discs, etc.
• Differential Pulse Code Modulation requires fewer bits
to encode the input pulse level. It requires less
bandwidth, an increased number of quantization levels,
and decreased quantization noise compared to the
Pulse Code Modulation method.
What are examples of sine wave?

A sine wave shows how the amplitude of a variable changes with time.
The variable could be audible sound for example. A single pure note is a
sine wave, although it would sound a very plain and flat note indeed
with none of the harmonics we normally hear in nature.
Delta Modulation
Delta modulation is a process mainly used in the
transmission of voice information. It is a technique where
analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog signal conversion
are seen. In DM, the data which is to be transmitted is
minimized to a 1-bit data stream.
It transmit only one bit per sample
instead of N bits

(bandwidth is reduced)
The Delta Modulator comprises of a 1-bit quantizer and a
delay circuit along with two summer circuits. Following is the
block diagram of a delta modulator
The delta demodulator comprises of a low pass filter, a summer, and a
delay circuit. The predictor circuit is eliminated here and hence no
assumed input is given to the demodulator.
A binary sequence will be
given as an input to the
demodulator. The stair-case
approximated output is
given to the LPF.

Low pass filter is used for

many reasons, but the
prominent reason is noise
elimination for out-of-band
signals.
The step-size error that may occur at the transmitter is called
granular noise, which is eliminated here. If there is no noise
present, then the modulator output equals the demodulator
input
THANKS