English compilation

3rd quarter
By:Jerry D. Bensorto

TO:FRITZIE ABENELLA
FROM:JERRY D. BENSORTO
GRADE 8 BERNARD
 GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

• Graphic Organizer – are visual means of organizing ideas and

other information they aid in structuring information by
starting with a central idea or topic and branching out to
include supporting details information.
 WEB
Used to categorize or classify
information.
CAUSE AND
EFFECT
Used to clarify the relationship
between specific events and the
outcome deriving from them
 MIND MAP
Visual representation of
hierachical of information that
include a central idea or image
surround by connecting branches
of associated topic idea.
 VENN DIAGRAM
Used to identify similarities and
differences between two or more
concept.
 T-CHART
Helps organize ideas into two
columns and examine two
components of an object or
events.
MAIN IDEA WEB
Starts with a cental idea and
branches out into related details
or supporting details. It is also
termed as spider map or
semantic map
SEQUENCE
CHART
Or a flow diagram visualize a
process, progress or sequence of
a story it presents a series of
steps or events in order
CONCEPT MAP
Shows a relationship between
the main idea and suppporting
details in a parahraph
STORY MAP
Helps students learn the
element of a book or story
TIMELINE
Shows a specific events in a
sequence usually with dates in a
linear fashion
 FACT AND OPINION

• Fact is a statement that can be verified as true through the use of proof. Factual
claims are real in all circumstances and for person fact are universal, hearing,
seeing, smelling, touching and tasting are all physical senses that we use to gather
information
• Example
• Valentines is celebrated every 14th day of february
• Dogs have fur
• Philippines is and archipelogo. That is compose of 7,101 island.
• Opinion reflect someone view, beliefs, personla viewpoint, or values and are
founded on assumptions that cannot be proved, it has something to do with how
someone feels about something. Everyone else can agree or disagree with a point of
view, but they cant prove or disapove it
• Example
• Philippines is a great country
• Dogs with nice fur are great pets
 PROPAGANDA

• Employs persuasion strategies to promote beliefs that persuade

individual to act only on the basis of their emotion rather than
reason. It is used to influnce the opinion, attitude, or action fo
others
• Example
• Come on for lashy silk! The best shampoo for the yo
 PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUE

• Bandwagon is about instilling in people great desire to be a

part of the “in crowd’ the goal of bandwagon propaganda is to
persuade the target audience to act.
• Example
• Mang lino’s burger is the filipinos favorite!
• Name calling entails using “insulting language” to generate
unfavorable impression of someone or a company.
• Example
• The congressman referred to his concious opponent as a “thief
in the night”.
 TRANSFER AND RED HERRING

• Transfer employs the use of “symbol, quotes, or the images of famous

people to convey a messehe” not necessarily associated with them
• Example
• A candidate for president delivered his speech and wave the flag.
Afterwards
• (this would make people think that voting him makes more
nationalistic.)
• Red herring tries to divert the readers attention away from the main
point by including details that are unrelated to the arguments.
• Example
• You may think that he cheated on the test but look at the poor man
how would he feel if you made him take it again (an appeal to pity.)
 BIAS

• Is a tendency learn in a ceratin direction either in favor of or

agains a particular thing. It means a tendency to favor or
support or go against a particular person.
• Group, thing or point of view are another resulting in
unfairness
• Bias is also a tendency to believe that some people, idea etc
are better than other that usually result in treating some people
unfairly.
 TYPES OF BIAS

• Attentional bias is the way that our recurring thought affect

our perception. For example if you have recently bought a new
car that you love and are proud of you might begin to notice
other people driving the same car as you whereas you
wouldn’t notice this before you got the car. This effect is
related to the fact that your new car is on your mind after
boughting it and it is affecting perceptionist particularly what
you do and do not notice around you.
 CONFIRMATION BIAS

• The tendency to iterpret or remember things so that they align

with your own beliefes or values. If it was a terribly anxious
person for example she might herar a news report about a rise
in crime rates and become convinced that her chances of being
murdered have just tripled. In this case it woudnt matter that
the rise is crim related to shoplifting in another state because
confirmation bias has caused her to only hear the pieces of the
news story that confirm what she reakky believe to be true
while blocking out the disconfirming information.
 STRUCTUAL ANALYSIS

• Dividing words into parts to discover an unknown word.

Root word is a word that does not have a prefix or suffix and is
the base or core that cant be reduce or deduct.
Prefix is a group of letters that is place at the beginning of the
word.
Suffix a group of ltters that is place at the end of the word.
 PREFIX WITH NEGATIVE MEANING

• A, an not or without a typical

• Anti dis against opposite antifreeze antibiotic
• N im il ir not inactive immature
• Mis wrong misspelled misnomer
• Non un not nonessential
 PREFIX THAT CHANGES TIME

• Post after postgraduate postnatal

• Pre before precondition predispose
Re agin reactive reposition
 PREFIX THAT CONCERN PLACEMENT
OR DIRECTION
• Ab a away from abduction
• Ex exo out no longer exit expand
• Inter between interview
• Sub below subnormal
• Super above superhuman
• Trans across transcend
 ROOT

• Audi to hear audition

• Bio life biology bionics
• Cide to kill suiceide
• Cred to believe increadible
• Dic to speak dictate
• Port carry portable
 SUFFIX

• Ance attendance
• Racy cy democracy
• Ful grateful
• Ion agitation
• Ism tourism
 OTHER TYPES OF PROPAGANDA
TECHNIQUE
• Card stacking a manipulating information so that one product
looks better than another. This often happens by leaving out
important information it gives the consumers the information
they want to hear even if the information is not based on factt
• Glittering generalities it uses appealing words and images to
sell the product it tells use that if you buy the item you will
beusing a wonderful product and it will change your life it is
mostlly used to enchance product appeal
 TESTIMONIAL AND PLAIN FOLKS

• Testimonial this popilar advertising technique uses renowned

or celebrity figure to endorse product and service. When a
famous person vouches for something viewers are likely to
consider the person credibility and popularity.
• Plain folks this technique works in a way to establish that the
speaker is regular and ordinary and has the same veiw and
opinion as to people he is appealing to its creates a sense of
ca,araderre between the speaker and his audience which helps
build belief in the idea.
 DIFFERENT KINDS OF ISSUE

• Social issue referes to problem that affects numerous people

within a society
• Moral issue means sactions which have the potential to help or
to destruct others or ourselvers
• Economic issue refers to the rudimentary vital or fundemental
economic problem it is also one of the essentail economic
theories in the operation of any economy.
 TYPES OF SPEECHES

• Noun
Pronoun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Preposition
Conjunction
Interconjuction
• Noun a noun is a word for a person place thing or idea nouns
are often used with an article (the a an) but not always proper
nouns always start with a capital letter common nouns do not
nouns can be singular or plural concrete or abstract.
• Pronoun usuallly substituted for a specific noun which is
called its antercendant
• Verb in a sentence express action or being
• Adjective a word used to modify or descrive a noun or
pronoun
 CONJUNCTION AND
INTERCONJUNCTION
• Conjunction it joins a word phrases or clauses and indicates
the relationship between the element joined
• Interconjunction is a word used to express emotion it is often
followed by an exclamation point.
 TYPES OF LITERARY GENRE

• Poetry is a literary work in which the expression of feeling and

ideas is given intensity by the use of distinctive style and
thythm poem are example of this genre
• Prose a form of poetry that is written in sentences or in
paragraph examples are short stories novels
• Drama a from of text that is performed by an acotr or actors on
stage before the audience if its commonly known as play this
genre has further categorize such as comedy tragedy and
tragicomedey
 FICTION AND NON FICTION

• Fiction is a crative works where imaginary people events or

places are portrayed fiction includes novels short stories fable
legend mythis fairy tales epic and narrative poetry and plays
• Non fiction takes a wide category in the world of literature
pesonal essay scientific paper autobiographies biographies
diaries memoirs jornals fantasy mysteries and romances are
the example of this type
 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

• FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
• Figurative language refers to the creative ways of writers in
using words, phrases or sentences indicating more meaningful
and interesting messages far beyond its usuall, literal
meanings. Figurative language have different
 SIMILE METAPHOR AND
PERSONIFICTATION
• Simile – a direct comparison between two things and is usually use the word ‘as’ or
‘like’.
• Ex. Busy as a bee.
• My sweat is like a cold water.
• They fought like cats and dogs
• Metaphor – a comparison between two things by using one kind of object or
something that shows their likeness.
• Ex. He has a heart of stone.
• America is a melting pot.
• You are my sunshine.
• Personification – the use of an object, animal or ideas to give a human characteristics
or qualities.
• Ex. The sun greeted me this morning.
• The sky was full of dancing stars.
• The vines wove their delicate fingers together.
 HYPERBOLE

• Hyperbole – the use of exaggeration on something usually in

a ridiculous or humorous way.
• Ex. You snore louder than a freight train!
• It’s a slow burg. I spent a couple of weeks there one day.
• She’s so dumb, she thinks Taco Bell is a Mexican phone
company.
 PARALLEL STRUCTURE

Parallelism means each item in a list or comparison follows the

same grammatical pattern
We must use matching grammatical structures
Incorrect example:
I love cooking swimming and to read.
Correct example:
I love cooking swmming and reading.
PERSUASIVE APPEAL
 OPINION MARKING SIGNALS

• Are words or phrases used to show feeling emotion and

attitude towards somethingthey are helpful clues in the form of
words and phrases that assits us in identrifying opinion
statement they are found mostly at the beginning of the
sentences.
 STATING YOUR OPINION

It seems to me that
In my opinion
My personal view is that
In my experience
As far as I understand
As I seeit
From my point of view
As far as I know
From what I know
I might be wrong but
If I am not mistaken
Etc.
 OUTLINING FACTS

• The fact is the the (main) point is that

• This proves that
• What it comes down to is that
• It is obvious that
• It is certain that
• One can say that
 CONCLUDING OPINION

• For the reason above

• As you can see
• On the whole
• As I have noted
• In other words
 PARAGRAPHS

• Paragraph 1 introduction - states your main idea or the point

that you are trying to prove and give two reason for taking this
stand
• Paragraph 2 and 3 body - explains in details the reason you
have stated in your first paragraph. Develop a paragraph for
each reason you have cited
• Paragraph 4 – conclusion sum up your position by restating
your main idea and finishing with a “call of action”
 MODALS

• Modals or modal verb are special verbs that behave irregularly

in english they are different from normal verbs like work play
visit they give additional information about the function of the
main verbs that follows it they have a great variety of
communicative functions
 PERMISSION ABILITY OBLIGATION
ADVICE AND POSSIBILITY
• Permission
• May I know if you had followed the safetly protocols
• Ability
• Fully vaccinated individuals can easily board on a plane
• Obligation
• You must liten to the advices given by the doctor
• Advice
• Gemma should take her medication regularly
• Possibility
• You might not be qualified to take the vaccination fi you have
health issue
 EMPHASIS WORDS

The most valueable signals in writing it tells a reader directyly

that a particular idea or detail Is essential these wordsa re
considered as red flags that the authors used to emphasize and
idea.
Contrast (expressing opposition)
Example
Instead (replaces a previous idea)
Yet but still thought however conversely even so in contrast on
the contrary on the other hand (disagree)
 CAUSE AND EFFECT

• Relationship between reason and outcome

• Example
• For since because the reason why (stress the cause of
something)
• So thus hence therefore accordingly thereupon subsequently
so that after that as a result as a consequence for that reason an
account of (present an outcome)
 SEQUENCE

• (chromology of ideas
• Example
• First second third firstly secondly thirdly
• Initially in the first place then next later eventually finally
lastly (denote order)
• Meanwhile at the moment (present an action accoring at the
same time with another action)