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Introduction to Information Systems
Third Edition

Chapter 4
Databases and Data
Warehouses

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Learning Objectives
4.1 Information resources
4.2 Database advantages
4.3 Relational database
4.4 Master data management
4.5 Data warehouse
4.6 Information management

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Information Resources
• Structured information
• Unstructured information
• Semi-structured information
• Metadata

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Quality of Information
• Accuracy
• Precision
• Completeness
• Consistency
• Timeliness
• Bias
• Duplication

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Managing Information
Department Object Code Amount Category Description
• Record Sales 4211 1888.25 Computers Desktop
Computers
• Field Sales 4300 249.95 Computers Image editing
supplies software
• Table Sales 4100 29.99 Office supplies Flash drive
Personnel 4211 59.00 Computers Stastical software
Personnel 4300 14.95 Computers Flash drive
supplies
Personnel 4211 2500.21 Computers Laptop
Computers
Warehouse 4211 59500.00 Computers Web sever
Warehouse 4211 2500.00 Computers Printer/copier/
scanner/fax

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File Processing Systems
• Redundancy and inconsistency
• Lack of integration
• Inconsistent definitions
• Dependence

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Databases
• Reduced redundancy
• Integrity and accuracy
• Ability to adapt to changes
• Performance and scalability
• Security

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Database Architecture
• One to one (1:1)
• One to many (1:M)
• Many to many (M:M)

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Relational Database (1 of 2)
• Tables of records
• Link field in one table to field in another table
• Separates data from paths to retrieve data
Students
StudentID LastName Firstname Birthdate
54001 Chong Kevin 12/01/1987
65222 Danelli Douglas 01/05/1986
54555 Burton Stephanie 11/12/1978
25553 Washington Nikia 10/02/1981
96887 Perez Louis 07/25/1982

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Relational Database (2 of 2)
Registrations
RegistrationNumber StudentID ClassCode Grade
10011 54001 20083BMGT300A A
10012 54001 20083HIST450B C
10013 54001 20083ECON200F B
10014 54555 20083ECON200F A
10015 96887 20083HIST410B I

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Data Model (1 of 2)
• Entities and
attributes
• Primary key
• Normalization

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Data Model (2 of 2)
• Relationships and foreign keys
• Complex relationships

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Retrieving Information
• Structured query language (SQL)
• Interactive voice response (IVR)
• Natural language interfaces

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Managing the Database
• Performance tuning
and scalability
• Integrity, security,
and recovery
• Documentation

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Multiple Databases
• Integration challenges
• Shadow systems
• Master data management
• Data stewards

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Data Warehouses
• Building data warehouses
• Extract, transform, and load (ETL)
• Data mining

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Human Element
• Ownership issues
• Databases without boundaries
• Stakeholders

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Summary
1. Information resources
2. Database advantages
3. Relational database
4. Master data management
5. Data warehouse
6. Information management

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UK Police Case
• Video surveillance
• Automatic plate
number recognition
• Database
• Queries and data
mining
• Privacy

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eBay Database Architecture Case
• 150 million users, 1 billion items
• Worldwide platform for selling/buying
• Scaled out to multiple databases
• Moved functions off database to applications
• NoSQL implemented with relational DBMS’s
• Continuous changing business needs

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Copyright

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