Welcome to Class !!!

Administration & Management

CS-601
Hidayat Ur Rahman
DBA (PRAL –FBR)
Email:hidayatr.developer@gmail.com
 Pre-Requisite

Database Management System

CS-400
 Recommended Book

• Fundamentals of Database Systems, by Ramez Elmasri and

Shamkant Navathe, Addison Wesley, 5th Edition.

• Database System Concepts by Henry F. Korth and Abraham

Silberschatz, 4th edition, McGraw Hill, 2002, ISBN: 0-07-12268-0

• Oracle Essentials, 5th Edition by Jonathan Stern, Rick Greenwald,

Robert Stackowiak, O'Reilly Media, Inc. ISBN: 9781449343033
 Course Policies
Class assignments will be provided rather than take away home.
• Don't miss assignments as they are highly weighted source of
learning.
• Rules for assignment submissions are very Clear !!! (100% your
own work for credits)
 Course Policies

Quizzes:
• Most of the Quizzes will be unannounced except few.
Mid Term / Final Exam :
Practical:
• Lab
• Term Project / demo presentation …
• Final practical exam
Quizzes will be taken either in the first
ten minutes of the class (so come to the
class on time & be prepared!) or in the
last ten minutes of the class (so listen to
the lecture carefully).
 Attendance Policy
 75% Univ. Requirement

2
 Course Organization : Grading Policy

 Internals and Practical marks are important but hard to

earn.

Evaluation Marks Distribution

Assignment + Quizzes 12 ( Internals )
Mid Term 18
Final Exam 30
Practical 20 (Project + Written Exam)
Total 80
Plan Ahead : Grading Policy

2222222222222222
 What to do !!!
 Follow the course regularly.
 Come prepared for unannounced quiz.
 Study reading materials and tutorials.
 Feedback from last courses.
Class Min Ma Grades
x
Data warehouse– 8th sem 4 50 1 A,few C’s and 4 F’s 13/17

Distributed Database-6th sem 24 52 6 A’s,few B’s ,C’s and D’s 0/20

DDB 7th Semester (online) 0 55 1 A’s ,5 B,7 C’s and few D’s 2F
2 UFM

DDB 8th Semester (online) 0 50 4 A’s ,8 B,6 C’s and few D’s 3F
6 UFM
 What not to do !!!
 No tolerance on Cross talk in class
 People leaving in between class just to attend
phone call.
 What not to do !!!
 Habitual late comers just for attendance.
 Students asking for unfair grades via some
Reference or directly.
 Your Feedback !!!

 Suggestions for improvement.

 Anything you want to add /Remove to the course
Policy?
 Revision

 Database  Normalization
 DBMS  Dependencies
 Meta Data  Relation Algebra
 File based App  Joins
 Database App  Views
 ANSI-SPARC Arch  SQL
 ERD  Index
 Entity  User management
 Field  Grant/revoke
 Record  Transaction mgt
 Keys
 What is Database?

Database is an organized collection3 of logically

related2data1. Sharable
1. Stored representation of objects have meaning
and importance in user’s environment. E.g
University system : Student, exam, faculty
2. should be relevant in some context and
irrelevant data must not be included (collected).
Include student cell no instead of his/her bro&sis.
 What is Database?
3.should be arranged/structured in such a way that one can effectively process it
when necessary.
Example : Data about student
Unorganized Data:
Muhammadwaheeduiit12-arid-197124
Muhammad,waheeduiit12-arid-197124
 difficult to distinguish between L name and dept then between arid no and age.

Organized Data:
Muhammad#waheed#uiit#12-arid-1971#24 OR
Muhammad
Waheed
Uiit
12-arid-1971
24
File base vs Database Approach
ANSI SPARC

2
 Terminology

Table/Relation/File/Entity/object
Attribute/Column/Field

Student_info Metadata/
Data about data /
Data dictionary /
F Name L name Dept Age Reg no
Domain
saba Uiit 20 12-arid-xyz
Danyal Khan Uiit 20 12-arid-xyz
Tuple / row / record /
Ali Malik Uiit 20 12-arid-xyz
relation
Humza Hamid Uiit 24 12-arid-xyz

Data value NULL value

Keys

Why we Using Keys?

 Normalization

]\

Why we using Normalization?

Is It Effect Storage?
Views
 Centralized Database

 Is the database which is physically in one location

and users typically use an Internet connection to
access it
 A single database maintained in one location
Managed by a database administrator. (usually )
Access via a communications network
 LAN
 WAN
 Terminals provide distributed access
Centralized Database
Con’t
 Example

 Some major banks do all their processing on a

mainframe, in some cases in a different country.
 Clients may use several branches, and online banking for
transactions.
 Airline reservation systems need to be centralized to
avoid double bookings.
 Inland Revenue in New Zealand is countrywide
 In NZ Police and ambulance calls are sent to a central call
center
 Cont..
Advantages:
 Increased reliability and availability
 Modular (incremental) growth
 Lower communication costs
 Faster Response

Disadvantages:
 Software cost and complexity
 Processing overheads
 Data integrity
 Distributed Database

 Is the database in many locations often where you

have a national or international company and
customers tend to regularly interact with a local
branch.
For example: Google uses Big-Table a distributed DBMS
as searching tends to be by users in a particular region
of the world.
 DDB

 A single logical database that is spread physically

across computers in multiple locations that are
connected by a data communications link.
 Most processing is local
 Need for local ownership of data
 Data sharing require

Note that users think they are working with a single

corporate database
Distributed Database System
 Example

 Chain Stores like the MSD Spears (50% locally owned)

Google: Use a DBMS called Bigtable.
(Note it is not a Relational Database).
 ("What database does Google use?",
2010[1]; Chang,F., et al.,2006[2])
 Con’t

 Advantages
 Minimize communications
 Costs
 Local control
 Disadvantages
 Adds to complexity and cost
 Processing overheads
 Data Integrity