Basic Calculus

Integration
Carl Phillip Jason C. Fulgencio
Integration
LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of the lesson, the learner shall
be able to:

1. Illustrate the antiderivative of a function;

2. Compute the general antiderivative of polynomial functions;
3. Compute the general antiderivative of root functions;
4. Compute the general antiderivative of exponential functions; and,
5. Compute the general antiderivative of trigonometric functions .
Illustration of an Antiderivative of a Function
Definition. A function F is an antiderivative of the function f on an
interval I if F’(x) = f(x) for every value of x in I.

Theorem 1. If F is an antiderivative of f on an interval I, then every

antiderivative of f on I is given by
F(x) + C
where C is an arbitrary constant.
Illustration of an Antiderivative of a Function
Terminologies and Notations:

• Antidifferentation is the process of finding the antiderivative.

• The symbol ∫, also called the integral sign, denotes the operation of
antidifferentiation.
• The function f is called the integrand.
• If F is an antiderivative of f, we write ∫ f(x) dx = F(x) + C.
Illustration of an Antiderivative of a Function
Terminologies and Notations:

• The symbols ∫ and dx go hand-in-hand and dx helps us identify the

variable of integration.

• The expression F(x) + C is called the general antiderivative of f.

Meanwhile, each antiderivative of f is called a particular
antiderivative of f.
Illustration of an Antiderivative of a Function
Example 1. Let f(x) = -8x3-10x+5 and F(x) = -2x4-5x2+5x+3. Show that
F(x) is an antiderivative of f(x).

F’(x) = f(x)

Example 2. Determine if F(x) = x3 + x + 1, G(x) = x3 + 2x + 1 or H(x)

= x3 + x + 3 is/are antiderivatives of f(x) = 3x2 + 1.

F’(x) = f(x) , G’(x) = f(x) and H’(x) = f(x)

Sample Problem
Determine the antiderivatives of the following functions.
Antiderivative of Algebraic Functions
Theorem 2.

Theorem 3. , where a is a contant (any real number).

Theorem 4.
Antiderivative of Algebraic Functions
Theorem 5. The Power Rule for Antidifferentiation
if n is any real number, then

*** ang ay okay lang maging negative (ex. -2,-3,-3, -2/3 etc…), pero hindi
pweding -1 ang value ng n, dahil magiging 0 ang denominator,
Theorem 2 (). Example
Theorem 3 (). Example
Theorem 4. Example
Theorem 5. Example
Assignment
(Due Date April 29,2024)