MEDIA AND MIL

INFORMATION
LANGUAGES:
CODES, CONVENTIONS
AND MESSAGES
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson students should be able to:
● Identify codes, convention and message, and how they
affect the audience, producers and other stake holders;
● Reflect on how important information can be conveyed to
create the desired impression;
● Present varied ways to disseminate information using the
codes, convention and language of media.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
pertains to the technical and symbolic
ingredients, or codes and conventions that
LANGUAGE media and information professionals may
select and use in an effort to communicate
ideas, information and knowledge.
refer to codes, conventions, formats,
MEDIA symbols and narrative structures that
LANGUAGES indicate the meaning of media messages to
an audience.
 INTERPRETING MEDIA
LANGUAGES
DENOTATIVE meaning
– Literal meaning of the media

CONNOTATIVE meaning
– Various interpretations that media
suggests to the audience which are often
associated with culture, values, beliefs.
etc
MEDIA
CODES
Are known as a system or collection of
signs which when put together creates a
meaning. They are better understood
when you know what a genre is. The
word ‘genre’ comes from the French word
meaning 'type', 'class’ or ‘kind.’
 TYPES OF MEDIA CODE

TECHNICAL SYMBOLIC WRITTEN

Codes specific to a media The meaning of the product Formal written language used
form alone ways in which is not based on itself but on
in creating a media product
equipment is used to tell the interpretation of the
and the use of language style
the story (camera audience, such as objects,
and textual layout also
techniques, framing, depth settings, language, actions,
expresses meaning.
clothing, mise en scene, and
of fields, lighting and (text in frame, dialogue)
color.
exposure, etc.)
MEDIA
CONVENTIONS
Possible methods in which codes are
organized in a product and said to be
generally accepted ways of doing
something. In media context, it refers to a
standard or norm that acts as a rule
governing behavior.
 TYPES OF MEDIA CONVENTIONS

FORM STORY GENRE

CONVENTIONS
Ways in which the types of
media codes are expected to
be arranged.
(title at the beginning, credits
at the end, tutorials
explaining mechanics of the
game)
CONVENTIONS CONVENTIONS
Refer to basic structures of The common use of the
narratives.
elements of the narratives
such as the characters, setting,
or theme in a certain type of
media.
 Culture is very
important in the way we
interpret signs and
codes. It is important to
realize that culture
always determines the
meaning a sign or code
communicates.
MEDIA
MESSAGES
Pieces of information sent
from a source to a receiver,
ideas that may arise from
media contents
Each audience member brings to each
media encounter a unique set of life
experiences (age, gender, education,
cultural upbringing etc.) which, when
applied to or combined with the text
create unique interpretations.
 MEDIA
PRODUCERS,
STAKEHOLDERS,
AND AUDIENCE
 MEDIA PRODUCERS
People engaged in the process of creating and
putting together media content to make a
finished media product.
Must possess the skill in assessing the media
texts and have a thorough understanding of the
target product and the processes that go into
creating them.
 MEDIA STAKEHOLDERS
People or organizations that share the same
interests or intentions.
 MEDIA AUDIENCE
Group of consumers for whom a media
message was constructed as well as anyone
else who is exposed to the message.
FAKE
NEWS
 Fake news is also known as junk news, pseudo-
news, or hoax news. It is a form of news consisting of
deliberate disinformation or hoaxes spread via
traditional news media (print and broadcast) or social
media. Fake news is a neologism often used to refer
to fabricated news. This type of news, found in
traditional news, social media or fake news websites,
has no basis and is presented as being accurate.
FEATURES OR EXAMPLES OF FAKE
NEWS
● CLICK BAIT - form of false advertisement, uses
hyperlink text or a thumbnail link that is designed to
attract attention and to entice users to follow the link
then read, view, or listen to its contents. Example
clickbait statements looks like this, “You'll be Amazed!” “It
will Shock you!” or “You Won't Believe What Happens
Next!”
FEATURES OR EXAMPLES OF FAKE
NEWS
● PROPAGANDA - Stories that are created to
deliberately mislead audiences, promote a
biased point of view or particular political cause
or agenda.
FEATURES OR EXAMPLES OF FAKE
NEWS
● SATIRE / PARODY - is a type of parody
presented in a format typical of mainstream
journalism and is called a satire because of
its content.
FEATURES OR EXAMPLES OF FAKE
NEWS
● SLOPPY JOURNALISM - Sometimes
reporters or journalists may publish a story
with unreliable information or without
checking all the facts which can mislead
audiences.
 FEATURES OR EXAMPLES OF FAKE
NEWS
● SLOPPY JOURNALISM - Stories that are not
completely false can be distorted using misleading or
sensationalist headlines.
Example:
Another Facebook user posted that he removed his 5G antenna, saying,
"To all of you who are using PLDT Home Fibre, please if you wanna help the
community to get rid of the so-called 'NCOV-19' remove it now and disable it
through their homepage admin set up 192.168.1.1 also (sic) you may turn
off its radio to stop it from sending and receiving harmful 5G waves.”
FEATURES OR EXAMPLES OF FAKE
NEWS
● BIASED OR SLANTED NEWS - Media
bias is the bias or perceived bias of
journalists and news producers within the
mass media in the selection of many events
and stories that are reported and how they
are covered..
 HOW DOES FAKE NEWS
SPREAD
● Bots - They reside on social
media platforms, created by
someone with computer
programming skills, comprised
of nothing but code, that is,
lines of computer instructions.
 HOW DOES FAKE NEWS
●
SPREAD
People like You, Trolls - “When
a post is accompanied by many
likes, shares, or comments, it is
more likely to receive attention
by others, and therefore more
likely to be further liked, shared,
or commented on” (Tandoc, Lim,
and Ling, 2018).
 HOW DOES FAKE NEWS
●
SPREAD
Microtargeting - One way is to
use social media analytics. To
understand how analytics work,
we need to explain how cookies
work, then show how interest
groups can use information
provided by cookies to find a
receptive audience for their
messages.
 HOW DOES FAKE NEWS
●
SPREAD
Circular reporting or false
confirmation – This is a
situation in source criticism
where a piece of information
appears to come from multiple
independent sources, but in
reality comes from only one
source.