“MANUEL NUÑEZ BUTRON” INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION

JULIACA.
CLINICAL LABORATORY AND PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY STUDY PROGRAM.
DIDACTIC UNIT:

ENGLISH Y ANATOMIA
PATOLOGICA

LANGUAGES TEACHER:ROY
CALANCHO QUISPE.
SEMESTER: IV

STUDENT :

 CCARI CHURA NOEMI.

 GUTIERREZ PARIAPAZA
RUTH CINTHIA.
 SOLORZANO VALERIANO
RONALD YONY.

CLUSTER 5-
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Herbert Stekel

HERBERT STEKEL
The widespread use of molecular
PCR-based assays in analytical and
clinical laboratories brings about the
need for test-specific, stable, and
reliable external controls (EC) as well
as standards and internal
amplification controls (IC), in order to
arrive at consistent test results. In
addition, there is also a growing need
to produce and provide.

"Nos enfrentamos a una nueva realidad entre los profesionales médicos. Debido al aumento de la
densidad laboral, ahora estamos en un punto en el que los médicos dicen que ya no queremos
trabajar tanto como yo. En aquel entonces, había muchas semanas entre los 80 y 90 horas de
servicio.
1. INTRODUCTION.
The effects of environmental conditions
on laboratory testing are manifold. In the
worst case, such conditions could render
it impossible to achieve correct results.

Numerous factors of influence are known,

such as temperature, humidity, dust,
noise, light, magnetic fields or harmful
substances.

They can cause a wide range of faults and

errors.
 Incorrect storage of reagents and
mechanic faults due to vibration, for
example, may generate high costs.

 In case of doubt it may be helpful to

contact the manufacturer of reagents and
analytic devices.

 Last but not least, the human factor

should not be left out of consideration by
the employer because the influence of
environmental conditions on the
employees caused by e.g.
 high temperatures, humidity,
radiation or harmful substances
can also be the cause of errors
or even worse - it could
damage health.
 Faults caused by problems
relating to the power supply or
to poor water quality are also
subjects discussed in this
chapter.
VIBRATION
 Heavy freight traffic, railways, subways and
heavy machines, such as printing presses or
similar, located in the same building as the
laboratory, can cause annoying vibrations.
 Vibrations can also be caused by construction
work or even small but frequent earthquakes.
 This could cause mechanical failure of the
analyzers or hard drives and even cause the
head to crash.
 In the case of vibrations, it can also be very difficult
to use a microscope. One solution could be to
change the location of the laboratory.
 This is a perfect solution but in most cases difficult to
achieve.
 If the building has more stable areas, it may be
helpful to locate sensitive equipment in these rooms.
 Another solution could be to purchase data processing
equipment with a shockproof design.
 Laboratory equipment, such as centrifuges or
compressors, can also be the cause of vibrations.
 In this case it would be useful to locate these machines
away from critical areas of the laboratory and/or place
them on a substructure that absorbs vibrations.
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
High temperature is mostly caused by climatic conditions and solar
radiation. High temperature inside the laboratory can cause a series of
problems. Manufactures of analytic devices and reagents describe an
exact range of temperatures, within which devices and reagents are to
be stored and used. Using the equipment outside this temperature
range can result in wrong findings. Problems can arise when staining
slides due to an increased rate of evaporation of solvents.
Las altas temperaturas son causadas principalmente por las condiciones
climáticas y la radiación solar. Las altas temperaturas dentro del laboratorio
pueden provocar una serie de problemas. Los fabricantes de dispositivos y
reactivos analíticos describen un rango exacto de temperaturas dentro del
cual se deben almacenar y utilizar los dispositivos y reactivos. El uso del
equipo fuera de este rango de temperatura puede dar lugar a resultados
erróneos. Pueden surgir problemas al teñir portaobjetos debido a una mayor
tasa de evaporación de los disolventes.
Another important consideration is that high temperatures
also increase the level of stress the employees have to
cope with. In countries with a high mean temperature air
conditioning equipment is very useful. There also has to
be a satisfactory amount of refrigerators or a cold storage
depot. The construction of the building is also of great
influence; proper thermal insulation will help to keep
overhead expenses low.
Otra consideración importante es que las altas
temperaturas también aumentan el nivel de estrés que
tienen que afrontar los empleados. En países con una
temperatura media alta los equipos de aire acondicionado
son muy útiles. También debe haber una cantidad
suficiente de refrigeradores o un depósito de
almacenamiento en frío. La construcción del edificio
también es de gran influencia; Un aislamiento térmico
adecuado ayudará a mantener bajos los gastos
generales.
 TEMPERATURE
Another cause of high temperatures within the laboratory is waste heat.
Therefore, the over all waste heat must be calculated for every single room. Large
work cells have a heating power of up to 15 or 20 kW. This equals the power of 7
to 10 fan heaters. Refrigerators and incubators also emanate heat.
Low temperatures, on the other hand, may also be a source of problems. Proper
storage conditions are described on the packages of the reagents, excessively
low temperatures may cause crystallization

Otra causa de las altas temperaturas dentro del laboratorio es el calor residual. Por lo
tanto, se debe calcular el calor residual total para cada habitación. Las grandes
células de trabajo tienen una potencia calorífica de hasta 15 o 20 kW. Esto equivale a
la potencia de 7 a 10 termoventiladores. Los refrigeradores y las incubadoras también
emanan calor. Por otro lado, las bajas temperaturas también pueden ser una fuente
de problemas. Las condiciones de almacenamiento adecuadas se describen en los
paquetes de los reactivos; temperaturas excesivamente bajas pueden provocar
cristalización.