Prepared By: Rachna

Kaul
TGT SSci
 Overview

 Size and Location

 India and the World

 India’s Neighbours
 Introduction
 India is one of the oldest
civilization

 It has a remarkable history.

 It has achieved multifaceted socio-

economic progress during the last
five decades.

 India has also made remarkable

progress in the field of agriculture,
industry, technology & overall
economic development.
Geoid Shape of the Earth.
Imaginary Lines
Earth’s Margin
 Location
India is a very vast country, which lies entirely in the
Northern Hemisphere.

The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30'N) divides the country

into almost two equal parts.

The main land extends between latitudes 8°4'N &

37°6'N and longitudes 68°7'E & 97°25'E.
 Island Groups

Southwest : Lakshadweep Island in Arabian Sea.

Southeast : Andaman & Nicobar Island in Bay of Bengal.

The southernmost
point of the Indian
Union– ‘Indira Point’
got submerged under
the sea water in 2004
during the Tsunami
SIZE Total area of India - 3.28 million square km
This accounts for about 2.4% of the total
geographical area of the world.

India is the 7th largest country of the world,

area wise.
Land boundary : 15,200 km.

Coastline : 7,516.6 km
North : Northwest, north &
northeast of India, Himalayas
(young fold
mountains) bound
South : South it. 22° north
of about
latitude, it begins to narrow, and
extends towards the Indian
Ocean by forming peninsula
plateau
Latitudinal & longitudinal extent of the
Standard Meridian
mainland is about 30°.

But the longitudinal difference causes variation, so the

time difference between the easternmost and the
westernmost longitudes of India should be quite large i.e
two hours between Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh.

1 degree difference between longitudes = 4 minutes

30 degrees = 120 mins = 2 hours

But such a situation can cause inconvenience in the

nation. To avoid this, we designate a longitude as Standard
Meridian

Hence, time along the Standard Meridian of India 82°30'E)

passing through Mirzapur (in Uttar Pradesh) is taken as the
standard time for the whole country.
 North-south extent longer than
the east-west extent of India
India’s east-west extent appears to be smaller than the
north-south extent.

The distance between latitudes remain the same

throughout but the distance between the two
longitudes reduces as moved towards poles

India’s north-south extent and distance remains unchanged

but the distance between the two longitudes decreases

East-west extends also has a U shaped bending which

reduces the actual east-west distance to some extent.

Hence, the lines of longitude come nearer and the East-West

distance becomes less than the North-South distance.

The latitudinal extent influences the duration of

day and night, as one moves from south to north.
 INDIA & THE WORLD
India is located in the center of the world, between
the East and the West Asia
India is a southward extension of the Asian
continent.
India has a very strategic central location
These trans Indian Ocean routes, connect the
countries of Europe in the West & the countries of
East Asia
The word Indian is prefixed with Ocean (Indian
Ocean), because no other country has a long
coastline on the Indian Ocean as India.
India’s Deccan plateau protrudes into Indian Ocean
and gives it a strategic position to connect with the
world for international trade.

India holds a central location on Indian Ocean that is,

on its head.
 INDIA’S CONTACT WITH WORLD
The land routes of India are much older than sea
routes

Passes across the mountains provided passages to

the ancient travellers, where oceans failed to do so
for a longtime.

Routes have contributed in the exchange of ideas &

commodities since ancient times
Ideas : Upanishads, the Indian
numerals, the decimal system,
etc

Commodities : Spices, tea,

muslin
Influence of Greek sculpture, &
the architectural styles
reached India.
Since the opening of the Suez Canal in
1869, India’s distance from Europe has
been reduced by 7,000 km.
 INDIA’S NEIGHBOUR
India occupies an important strategic position in
South Asia.

India has 28 states & 8 Union Territories.

Merger of Daman and Diu, and Dadra and Nagar

Haveli, the number of UT’s have come down to
eight.

The total number of states in the country will now

be 28, with effect from 26th January 2020, India
has 8 union territories.
Land boundaries

 Pakistan and Afghanistan in the northwest, China

(Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north

 Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east

Sea Boundaries

 Southern neighbours across the sea consist of the

two island countries, namely Sri Lanka and
Maldives.

 Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow

channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the
Gulf of Mannar,

 Maldives Islands are situated to the south of the

Lakshadweep Islands
 India has had strong geographical and historical links
with her neighbours

Before 1947, there were two types of states in India

— the provinces & the Princely states.

 Provinces- ruled directly by British officials, who

were appointed by the Viceroy.

 Princely states- ruled by local, hereditary rulers,

who
 acknowledged sovereignty in return for local
autonomy.
Lets Sum Up
 Important Questions
Location • Name the southernmost point of India. When it
submerged under sea?

• What is standard meridian? Why it has adopted?

• Why is the difference between the duration of days &

Size nights is hardly felt in Kanniyakumari but not so in

Kashmir?
• Mention the latitudinal extent of India. Explain its
significance.

• India is an ancient country. It has contributed many things

India & the to the world& in return got many things. With the help o
an example justify it.
• It is said that India occupies strategic position in South
World Asia. In your view, which features give India an important
strategic location?

India & its • Describe India’s location with

reference to her neighbor
Neighbour