Quarter 4 MODULE 1

NETWORKING
AND THE
INTERNET
COMPUTER SCIENCE I
ROMY BOY C. PUNONGBAYAN
 Basics of Computer Networks
and Internet Use

Computer Network is an interconnection

between computers that acts as a basis

of communication in Information
 Basics of Computer Networks
and Internet Use
It includes two or more computers that are connected

either by the cables (wired) or

Wi-Fi (wireless).

Computer networks use hardware like routers,

Elements of a Computer Network
Kinds of Hardware

1. Network cards give computers

direct access to network media and
enable them to connect to other
equipment, including routers,
switches, modems, and repeaters.
Kinds of Hardware

2. Routers or switches allow one

network connection from a modem
to be divided between several
computers.
Kinds of Hardware

3. Modem is brief for "Modulator-

Demodulator." It is a hardware
component that permits a computer
or another device, like a router or
switch, to connect to the web.
Kinds of Hardware
4. Repeaters refresh the network
signal between coaxial cable
segments, allowing Category 5
cables to succeed beyond their 300-
foot maximum length without signal
loss.
Transmission Medium
The means through which we send
our data from one place to another is
known as a Transmission medium.
The medium used to connect the
nodes of a network varies with the
kind of network.
Transmission Medium
Wired networks will often use network
cables like ethernet cables (i.e., twisted pair
cable, coax cable, and optical fiber cable).

Wireless networks make direct connections

between devices using radio signals as the
medium (i.e., radio waves, microwaves, and
Infrared).
PROTOCOLS
Protocols are some defined rules and
standards for communication between
network devices. Network protocols include
systems for devices to identify and make
connections with one another, still as
formatting rules that specify how data is
packed into sent and received messages.
PROTOCOLS
1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a popular
communication protocol that is utilized for
communicating over a network.

2. Internet Protocol (IP) is intended explicitly as

addressing protocol. It is mostly used with TCP. The IP
addresses in packets help in transmitting them through
different nodes in a network until it reaches the
destination system. TCP/IP is the most preferred
protocol connecting the networks.
PROTOCOLS
3. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) could be a
substitute communication protocol to Transmission
Control Protocol implemented primarily for creating
loss-tolerating and low-latency linking between different
applications.

4. Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP) is meant to

send and distribute outgoing E-Mail.
PROTOCOLS
5. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) allows users to transfer
files from one machine to another. Kinds of files may
include program files, multimedia files, text files, and
documents, etc.

6. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is intended for

transferring a hypertext among two or more systems.
HTML tags are used for creating links.
PROTOCOLS
7. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a
standard protocol that secures communications among
two computers one using the browser and the other
fetching data from a web server.
Network software is a foundational
element for any network. This kind of
software helps administrators
deploy, manage, and monitor a
network.
NETWORK TYPES

LAN (local area network) - connect computers over a

relatively short distance, allowing them to share data,
files, and resources. For example, a LAN may connect
all the computers in an office building, school, or
hospital.
NETWORK TYPES

WLAN (wireless local area network) is just like a LAN

but connections between devices on the network are
made wirelessly.
NETWORK TYPES

PAN (personal area network) which serves one person.

For example, if you have a mobile phone and a
personal computer, it is very likely to set up a PAN that
shares and syncs content—text messages, emails,
photos, and more—across both devices.
NETWORK TYPES

VPN (virtual private network) is a secure, point-to-point

connection between two network endpoints. A VPN
establishes an encrypted channel that keeps a user’s
identity and access credentials, as well as any data
transferred, inaccessible to hackers.
NETWORK TYPES

WAN (wide area network) connects computers over a

wide area, such as from region to region or even
continent to continent. The internet is the largest WAN,
connecting billions of computers worldwide. You will
typically see collective or distributed ownership models
for WAN management.
 UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR
HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL
INTERNET PROTOCOL
LOCAL AREA NETWORK

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK

Directions: Identify what network types are shown in the
illustrations below.

LAN PAN
Directions: Identify what network types are shown in the
illustrations below.

WLAN VPN
Directions: Identify what network types are shown in the
illustrations below.

WAN