GRAMMAR

PREPARED BY ZALGAY ‘SAMADI’

 GRAMMAR & WORD
Grammar is the study of the rules which indicates how our ideas can
be accurately expressed.
Have played football they yesterday. (incorrect)
They played football yesterday. (correct)

Word is a meaningful sound or combination of meaningful sounds

which can be written and spoken.
 clash / studious / smart / fog
 PHRASE & CLAUSE
Phrase is a group of words having no subject or verb but a specific
meaning.
In the classroom / at the end of / a priceless gift

Clause is a group of words having a subject and verb that sometimes

give and sometimes does not give a complete meaning.
The thieves stole Ahmad’s car last night. (Complete Meaning)
When they saw the police (incomplete Meaning)
 SENTENCE
It is a group of related words having a subject and predicate and gives a
complete, logical meaning.
Subject Verb Complement
The students study hard.
My dad is slaughtering the cow.
Someone has stolen Ahmad’s Laptop.
She cleaned the kitchen last night.
 SUBJECT & VERB
Subject is the doer of an action (1), or it is a person, place or thing that
the rest of the sentence talks about it (2).

Verb shows state, being, possession, relationship or action. Or It shows

state or action.
To be state or being (is/am/are)
To have possession or relationship (have/has)
Action )swim/ steal/ ride/ exercise/ boast (
 COMPLEMENT & EXAMPLES
Complement is a word or of group of words which completes a
sentence.
He polishes our shoes everyday. (1)
The girls go shopping once a month. (1)
Afghanistan is a landlocked country. (2)
Mohammad is very generous. (2)
 COMPLEMENT VS OBJECT
Complement is a word or of group of words which completes
a sentence.

Object is the receiver of an action, or it is someone or

something that something is done to.
The plane is going to land in 10 minutes. (object / complement)
Ahmad repaired our television last month. (object / complement)
THANKS!