PRONOUN & PRESENT

CONTINUOUS TENSE
PREPARED BY ZALGAY ‘SAMADI
 PRONOUN
It is derived from a Latin word “Pronomen” which means for a
noun.
Pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun to avoid its
unnecessary repetition in a sentence.
Ali is my best friend. He has four siblings.
Ali and Asad are close friends. They are very loyal to each
other.
 KINDS OF PRONOUN
1) Subject Pronoun
2) Object Pronoun
3) Demonstrative Pronoun
4) Possessive Pronoun
5) Reflexive Pronoun
6) Emphatic / Intensive Pronoun
7) Interrogative Pronoun
8) Indefinite Pronoun
9) Distributive Pronoun
10) Relative Pronoun
11) Reciprocal Pronoun
 1) SUBJECT PRONOUN
A pronoun that is used as a subject and refers to three persons is
called subject pronoun.
Subject pronouns are (I, we, you, he, she, it, they).
1st Person: The person who is speaking.
1st Singular Person: I 1st Plural Person: We
2nd Person: The person who is spoken to or the person to
whom first person speaks.
2nd Singular Person: You 2nd Plural Person: You
3rd Person: The person who is spoken off or a person about
whom we speak.
3rd Singular Person: He, She, It 3rd Plural Person: They
 2) OBJECT PRONOUNS
A pronoun that is used as an object and most often receives the
action is called object pronoun.
Object Pronouns: (me, you, him, them, us, her, it)
Please call him.
Ali took her to hospital.
Don’t fight with me.
I will beat you.
 Exercise: Fill in the blanks using correct pronouns for the given nouns in the
brackets.

1. _______ often reads books. (Laila)

2. _______ is watching TV. (Fahim)
3. _______ is green. (the dress)
4. _______ are on the wall. (the pictures)
5. _______ is running. (the cat)
6. _______ are watching TV. (Wali and Ahmad)
7. _______ are in the garden. (the roses)
8. _______ is driving his car. (Wali)
9. _______ is from Bristol. (Liza)
10. ______ has got a brother. (Diana)
3) DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
A pronoun that is used to point out a near or far person (s), place (s)
thing (s) is called demonstrative pronoun.
1) This: for near singular person, place or thing
2) That: for far singular person, place or thing
3) These: for near plural persons, places or things
4) Those: for far plural persons, places or things
I will buy those. I listen to this.
Those are my friends. This goes too fast.
Exercises: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. ____________ was such an interesting experience.
A. That B. Such C. Those D. both A & B
2. Are ___________ your shoes?
A. that B. them C. those D. this
3. You'll have to get your own pen. ___________ over there is mine.
A. that B. those C. these D. both A &B
4. There is no end to ___________.
A. that B. these C. those D. none
5. I need to buy ___________ shows lying over there.
A. that B. this C. those D. Both A & B
6. I can't see the person towards us. ___________.
A. That B. This C. Those D. These
 4) POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
A pronoun is used to show ownership and relationship is called
possessive pronoun. To use these pronouns, the noun must be
mentioned before. (mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its)
That is mine. I like yours.
Where is ours? His is new.
Hers is newer.
Note: After possessive pronoun, we cannot use noun.
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. Shahla’s homework is complete. I want to check ________.
A. his B. her C. its D. theirs
2. I like cream and cheese on my bread. What do you like on ________?
A. mine B. its C. your D. yours 3.
3. Your grandfather took you fishing, but __________ didn't.
A. my B. its C. ours D. our 4.
4. Elaine bought her dress at Gul Bahar Center. Where did Obaid buy ________?
A. my B. his C. our D. your
5. The Azizis have a modern house. ________ is small and muddy.
A. its B. it's C. your D. ours
6. Whose pen is this? It is ________.
A. my B. mine C. her D. Mine
7. This dessert is ___________, but you can have it.
A. my B. his C. our D. your
8. Please return my dollars soon because __________ have lost the value.
A. my B. mine C. yours D. your
9. Your car is so dirty. However, Lailuma’s car is clean. _______ is really shinny one.
A. your B. His C. Our D. Hers
 Exercise 2: Circle the correct pronouns in each sentence.
1. These / Those flowers here in the garden are lovely.
2. I know the new students, but Maiwand doesn’t know him / them yet.
3. Lima has a book. She / It bought her / it last week.
4. Are those / these shoes over there yours / your?
5. Where are my kids? Are they / them at your home?
6. My son and I bought a new computer. We / Us got it / them last month.
7. The money belongs to Khatera. It's / Its her / hers.
8. Our / Ours teacher gives us / our difficult tests 9. You own that car. That
car is your / yours.
9. She was absent from her grammar, but my / mine was canceled.
10.Ali and Wali have two children. Theirs / Their names are Qais and Anis
11.Ariana is in my / me computer class. She / Her class is in the afternoon.
12.The dog is lying in the mud. Its / It's tail is black.
13.The football fans were shouting. They / Their voice excited the stadium.
 5) REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
A pronoun in which the subject and the object refer to the same
person is called reflexive pronoun.
myself / ourselves / yourself / yourselves
themselves / herself / himself / itself
I talk about myself.
A computer can’t run itself.
She killed herself.
Exercise: Fill in the correct reflexive pronouns.

1. I did not believe it until I saw his resignation _______________.

2. The girl looked at _______________ in the mirror.
3. Faridoon, you'll have to do your homework _______________.
4. You don't need to help them. They can do it _______________.
5. I introduced _______________ to my new neighbor.
6. Boys, can you make your beds _______________?
7. She made _______________ a scarf.
8. What happens when dog sees ________________ in water?
9. His father decided to repair the car _______________.
10. We can move the table _______________, so we don't need your help.
6) INTENSIVE / EMPHATIC PRONOUNS
An intensive pronoun that is used after the subject for the sake of
emphasis is called emphatic pronoun.
Subject + Reflexive Pronoun = Emphatic Pronoun
I myself caught the tiger.
You yourself choose this suit.
They themselves learn the new lesson.
 7) INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
A pronoun that is used to ask questions is called interrogative
pronoun.
Who / Whom / Which / What / Whose
Who is your father?
Whom do you want to meet?
Which is the most expensive?
Whose is that?
What did you do?
 10) DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN
It is used to indicate each person of a number or group.
Distributive pronoun is a pronoun which denotes persons or things of group
separately, so they are always followed by singular verbs.
each / either / neither
Each of the students has participated in the drama act.
I may buy either of these two gifts.
Neither of them plays well.
Each one of you will be awarded with bravery award.
Exercise: Fill in these sentences with (each, every, either, neither, no one or any)

1. __________of you has received the prize.

2. __________ of the students passed the quiz though it was easy.
3. __________ of the answer is true.
4. __________ of you has to come at right time.
5. __________ of you is responsible for yourself.
6. You can sit on __________ side of me.
7. __________ of you is selected for the final.
8. __________ of us got prize for winning the competition.
9. __________ one of my teachers teaches well.
10.__________ of the subject is interesting for me.
 8) INDEFINITE PRONOUN
An indefinite Pronoun is a pronoun which refers to an indefinite person, place or thing.
They are: someone / somebody / something / somewhere / anyone / anybody /
anything / anywhere / no one / no body / nothing / nowhere
1) Indefinite pronouns begin with “ some” are used in positive sentences.
There was someone in the room.
I have something to eat.
2) Indefinite pronouns begin with “ Any” are used in negative or Interrogative
sentences.
Do you have anything to eat?
Did he go anywhere in the city?
 CONTINUE
3. Indefinite pronouns begin with “ no” gives negative concept, so use it in
positive sentences.
There is no one in the classroom.
There is nothing to eat.
I went nowhere in the city.
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the correct indefinite pronouns.

1. Would you like _______________ to eat?

2. It was really dark. So I couldn't see ______________.
3. Does ______________ live in that house?
4. It doesn't matter where we go. We can go _______________ we want to.
5. Today is a boring day. There's ________________ to do.
6. The shop is closed. It looks like _______________ has gone home.
7. Has ______________ done their homework?
8. The guidebook says there's a good hotel _______________ near here.
9. Did _______________ bring the dictionary to the class?
10._______________ wants to be a citizen without legal documents.
 9) RELATIVE PRONOUN
It is used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun.
They are: who / whom / whose / which / that
Relative pronouns are directly placed after the noun or pronoun they modify.
The driver who ran the stop sign was careless.
The children, whom we love dearly, need better educations.
I have a friend whose cat is annoying.
The book, which is now out of print, has all the information you need.
This is the book that everyone is talking about.
Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.
1. I do not know ———————- he wants.
a) That b) What c) Why d) Such
2. Students ——————– respect their teachers are good students.
a) Whom b) Who c) Which d) What
3. It is an ill wind ——————— blows nobody good.
a) What b) Who c) That d) Whom
4. He says ———————- he means.
a) That b) What c) Which d) Such
5. God helps those ———————- help themselves.
a) Whose b) Whom c) Who d) Which
6. Please try to understand ——————— I have to say.
a) That b) Which c) What d) Whom
7. ——————– he has said, he has said.
a) What b) That c) Which d) As
8. We should not depend upon ——————- a man as he is.
a) As b) Such c) So d) That
9. The man ——————– I trusted betrayed me.
a) Who b) Whom c) That d) Which
10. He ——————— does his best shall be given a prize.
a) Who b) Which c) Whom d) What
11. Please recite ——————– you have learnt so far.
a) That b) What c) Which d) None of these
12. ———————- is done cannot be undone.
a) What b) Which c) That d) Whom
13. He is the only person —————— can help us.
a) Who b) Whom c) Which d) That which
14. There are many students here ———————- are good players.
a) That b) Who c) Which d) Whom
15. The man ——————— child has gone missing has informed the police.
a) Who b) Whose c) Whom d) That
16. Those ———————- the Gods love, die young.
a) Who b) Whom c) That d) Which
17. This is the only one of his stories ——————– is worth reading.
a) What b) That c) Such d) Whose
18. This is ——————- I expect from you.
a) That b) What c) Which d) As
19. I congratulated the girl ——————- painting fetched a prize.
a) Who b) Whose c) That d) Whom
20. The man to ——————– I owed money demanded immediate payment.
a) Who b) Which c) Whom d) That
1. What 2. Who 3. That 4. What 5. Who 6. What 7. What 8. Such
9. Whom (Note that who is correct in informal English) 10. Who 11. What 12. What
13. Who 14. Who 15. Whose 16. Whom 17. That 18. What19. Whose
20. Whom
 11) RECIPROCAL PRONOUN
It is a pronoun which we use in the sentence to show the same action
performed by the two or more people.
Reciprocal pronouns are generally used in the sentence in order to avoid the
repetition of same action performed by the two or more people.
There are two reciprocal pronouns (each other and one another)
Use of 'Each Other': 'Each other' is used in the sentence when there is
need to show two people performing same action.
Use of 'One Another': 'One another' is used in the sentence when there is
need to show more than two people performing same action.
 CONTINUE
Meera is giving gift to Seena and Seena is giving gift to Meera.
(a common and long sentence without the use of reciprocal pronoun)
Meera and Seena are giving gift to each other.
(a simple and short sentence by the use of reciprocal pronoun)
Three people are playing football in the ground by sharing from first to
second, second to third and third to first.
(a common and long sentence without the use of reciprocal pronoun)
They are playing football in the ground by passing to one another.
(a simple and short sentence by the use of reciprocal pronoun)
Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns (each other) (one another)

1. Both the friends help ___________ with heavy lifting.

2. The couple shares everything, including a bank account, with ___________.
3. The two groups of friends play games with ___________ at the same time every
week.
4. The members of the board share information and opinions with ___________
regularly.
5. They stick up for ___________.
6. Try hard to not judge ___________.
7. The members of the group help ___________ out in tough times.
8. Both friends encourage ___________ to follow their goals.
9. Be kind to ___________.
10. “John and I had a great time; we enjoyed ___________’s company.
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
It shows an ongoing action which is happening at the time or around the time of
speaking.
The guests are having dinner.
The baby is playing game.
Positive: subject + Tobe (is /are /am) + verb-ing + Comp.
Negative: subject +Tobe + not + verb-ing + Comp.
Positive Interrogative: Tobe + subject + verb-ing + Comp?
Negative Interrogative: Tobe + not + subject + verb-ing+ Comp? (AmE)
Tobe + subject + not + verb-ing + Comp? (BrE)
 EXAMPLES

Ahmad and Asad are interrupting the class.

Waheeda is putting on makeup.
Your father is calling you.
We are working on the presentation.
 The woman is lying. (+)
 Is the woman lying . (?)
 The woman isn’t lying . (-)
 Isn’t the woman lying . (-? Am)
 Is the woman not lying . (-? Br)
Exercise 1: Write the -ing form of the given verbs.
1. fire _________________
2. vary _________________
3. study _________________
4. play _________________
5. fit _________________
6. refer _________________
7. fix _________________
8. sit _________________
9. wake up _________________
10. stop _________________
11. try _________________
12. go _________________
13. jump _________________
14. plan _________________
15. walk _________________
16. differ _________________
17. swim _________________
18. speak _________________
 USAGES
1. It is used to show an action that is happening at the moment of speaking
or around the time of speaking.
I am studying at Rana University.
We are having dinner.
2. It shows a fixed plan in the near future.
We are going to university tomorrow.
3. It shows repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker.
The students are always laughing.
4. It is used to express an action which is happening gradually.
The coffee is getting cold.
Practice: Write the correct form of the verb to make a present progressive
tense sentence.

1. She is busy (wash) _______________ her hands.

2. The boy is (play) _______________ soccer.
3. The girl is (watch) _______________ television.
4. Mussa is (make) _______________ a pizza right now.
5. Jamshid is (drive) _______________ to Bishkek at this moment.
6. Right now, the students are (listen to) _______________ CNN News.
7. I am (draw) _______________ a picture on the board.
8. Keep (try) _______________ to learn this concept.
9. Those people who are (walk) _______________ outside are the security
guards.
10.The dog is (bark) _______________ in the lawn.