CONTENTS

UNIT 1 Let’s talk about the Future

Page Lesson Language Grammar Vocabulary
If you panic, she will be
Lesson 1A frightened.
Will vs. Be Going
Pages Plans and I am going to send you a Celebrations
To
6-10 promises birthday gift with this
letter.
Lesson 1B
Awesome, I’ll look forward Present Expression for
Pages Making
to it. Continuous for accepting or
11-16 Arrangements
I'm afraid I'm busy tonight. arrangements rejecting
I will call him as soon as
Lesson 1C
Pages possible.
Future Tenses Future in use Plans and Goals
17-21 We are going to visit your
in action
company today.
Get back! The bomb is
Lesson 1D Will/ Be going to/
Pages going to explode. Virtual and
Differences in Present
22-25 She’s studying at Bethan’s console games
Future tenses Continuous
house this evening.
Lesson 1E We’re going to party this
Pages Vocabulary
Reading weekend. Grammar review
26-28 review
booster Dance all night long.

UNIT 2 I have to do my Homework

Page Lesson Language Grammar Vocabulary
It might rain tomorrow. I
Pages Lesson 2A Family
may go on vacation to May/ Might/ Will
29-34 Digital Habits Relationship
London.
He must stop eating sugar,
Pages Lesson 2B he has diabetes. Must/ Have to/
Covid-19
35-39 Do and Don’ts We have to leave at 7h00 Need to
pm.
I needed to take some
People routines
Pages Lesson 2C vacation.
Needed to/had to before and after
40-43 Then and now He didn’t have to attend COVID
this meeting
We went to the park today.
Pages Lesson 2D Also/besides/as
As well as that, we did Liking words (1)
44-46 English in Use! well as that
some shopping
Technology Listening
Pages
Lesson 2E Activities during COVID-19 Production: Digital Technology
47-50
Lockdown Resources
UNIT 3 LIFE IS SO GOOD!
Page Lesson Language Grammar Vocabulary

She got maternity

Pages Lesson 3A Work and
leave. It is very hard to Too/ very/ enough
51-55 I need a job! employment
take care of her baby.
Pages
Lesson 3B I am so organized; it is
56-59 Quite/ so /at all Job interview
Job interview! one of my strengths.
Pages Lesson 3C
The movie writer
60-63 Movies Adverbs of manners Films
made a great plot.
Lesson 3D
Pages Although/even
English in Despite being alone, Linking words
64-66 though/though/despite/in
action! he tried to survive. (2)
spite of
Pages Lesson 3E
Written production: a Film/movie
67-69 Vocabulary How to write a review
film/book review review
booster

UNIT 4 LIFE EXPERIENCES

Page Lesson Language Grammar Vocabulary
Lesson 4A Present Perfect:
Chicago
Pages Thing I’ve Affirmative and My Experience
Discovering the world
70-75 done Negative

Lesson 4B What’s wrong

Pages
What’s matter Present Perfect:
Health Illness
76-79 Questions
Problems Emails

Lesson 4C Renovation Present Perfect:

Pages
I’ve already Just, already, still Experiences
80-84 Life Experiences
visited and yet
Lesson 4D Present Perfect:
Pages The house
Have you ever, never, for and My activities
85-88 Places visited
ever… since
Lesson 4E Speaking
Pages Sports
Vocabulary Production: Sports
89-93 5 Minutes Pitch
booster It is time to impress
UNIT 5 OUR WORLD
Page Lesson Language Grammar Vocabulary
Past simple
Lesson 5A
Social issues affirmative,
Pages Climate Climate change
Natural disasters negative and
94-97 Change
question forms
Lesson 5B Global warming Present perfect
Pages Extreme sports
Extreme Around my country simple VS. past
98-101 Global issues
world simple
Pages Lesson 5C World water day
Reported speech Synonyms
102-106 Nowadays English importance
Lesson 5D
This is a Tag Questions
Pages
difficult Natural Protected areas Tag Questions Landscapes
107-110
stage, isn’t Brazil amazon
it?
Lesson 5E
Pages Global Warming Writing
Global Climate Change
111-112 Country Issues Production: Essay
Warming
 FOREWORD

The purpose of this project is to provide to the English language learners,

especially at college level, a booklet to study and practice the four skills: listening,
speaking, reading, and writing.

We aimed that all learners could study this booklet by themselves. Attend classes
will only mean the checkup (correction, reinforcement, or expansion) of the
exercises given especially by the instructor or English teacher.

This project is designed for the community of the Technical University of

Babahoyo, especially its Languages Center (CENID).
Let’s Talk about the Future Unit 1

Unit objective:
Learners will be able to
describe possibilities
plans and accept or
reject an invitation.

Learning outcome:
• Inferring from context
• Producing piece of
writing.

• Making arrangements
• Accepting invitation
• Rejecting invitations
• Listening for specific
and general
information
• Mentioning plans
• Making predictions
• Reading for specific
information
UNIT 1 Let’s talk about the Future
will, be going to, present continuous for arrangements, helpful expressions.

Lesson 1A Plans and Promises

will vs. be going to

VOCABULARY – Celebrations

A. Read each word and match it with the correct picture.

H A
1. Caterer ________ .
B
2. Balloon ________

I
3. Costume________

4. A
Confetti________ B C D
C
5. Theme party_______

J
6. Present________

E
7. Candle________
E F G
D
8. Guest________
G
9. Clown________

F
10. Wrapping paper_______

H I J

B. Complete the sentences using the words provided above.

Clown
1. I don’t want a boring party. I will call a ___________.
2. It’s not Halloween if we don’t have a __________________
Theme party.

3. If you are hiring a ______________,

Caterer then be sure to ask them about their ideas
and experiences with baby showers.
4. They are going to give me a lovely_____________,
present but I cannot guess what it
will be.
5. Don’t forget to make a wish before blowing out the_____________.
candle

7
GRAMMAR – will vs. be going to
WILL
® Certainty about the future
§ Emily will pass this level; she has the highest scores of the class.
§ I won’t go out tonight, I have to do a lot of homework.
® Decisions taking at the moment
§ It is so hot! I will have a shower.
§ Look at over there! There is a piece of cake. I will have it!
® Promises
§ I swear, I will never forget your birthday again!
§ She promises, she won’t be late again!
® Making predictions
§ Will / won’t is used when we are guessing about the future.

QUESTION SHORT
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
ANSWERS
I will get married I won’t get married. Will I get married? Yes, I will.
You will get married. You won’t get married. Will You get married? No, I won’t.
He will get married. He won’t get married. Will He get married? Yes, he will.
She will get married. She won’t get married. Will She get married? No, she won’t.
It will get married. It won’t get married.
Will It get married? Yes, it will
We will get married. We won’t get married. Will We get married? Yes, we will
You will get married. You won’t get married. Will they get married? No, they won’t
They will get married. They won’t get married.

BE GOING TO

® Intentions and future plans: When the decision has been made previously.
§ Sheila is going to be a ballerina; she is studying at Royal Academy of Dance.
§ We are going to start our diet with an easy veggie recipe.
® Making predictions: when there is evidence about what is going to happen
§ Michelle is the best student in the class. She is going to pass this course easily.
§ Look at that lightning on the sky! It is going to rain tonight.

SHORT
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION
ANSWERS
I’m going to travel I’m not going to travel. Am I going to travel? Yes, I am.
You’re going to You’re not going to travel. Are you going to travel? No, I’m not.
travel.
He’s going to travel. He’s not going to travel. Is he going to travel? Yes, he is.
She’s going to travel. She’s not going to travel. Is she going to travel? No, she’s not.
It’s going to travel. It It’s not going to travel. It Is it going to travel?
Yes, it is.
We’re going to travel We’re not going to travel. Are we going to travel? Yes, we are
They’re going to They’re not going to Are they going to travel? No, they aren’t.
travel. travel.

8
GRAMMAR EXERCISES

C. Write the correct form of “will”, there are affirmative, negative and
interrogative forms.

a. will write
She ______________ten love letters tonight. (write)
b. Will
_________you_________ dinner? (make)
make

c. We____________
not going to win the lottery. (not/win)

d. Andrew didn’t study last night. I think he ________________not going to pass the exam.
(not/pass)
e. I am really tired. I _________________
will get some sleep. (get)
f. I don’t understand Spanish. ___________ youTranslate
Will ________ the book for me?
(translate)
g. I am sorry mom, I promise. I not ___________
going to come home late again. (not/come)

h. I don’t like that type of music so I ________________________to

'm not going to go the concert.
(not/go)
i. You are the best _____________________
Will love you forever. (love)
j. I am worried about Annie, I _____________
'm will call her tonight. (call)

D. Read the exercise carefully. Find the mistake and correct the sentences using
future simple will.

a. Will cut you the grass? ______________________________________

Will You cut the grass ?

b. I not will work in the garden. _______________________________

I will not work in the garden.

c. I will clean the windows. ____________________________________

I will clean the Windows.

d. Do the Scotts will build a new house? _____________________

Scotts will build a new house?

e. They won’t have a house. ___________________________________

They won't have a house.
f. They will rent a flat. _________________________________________
They will rent a flat.

g. Will your dad watching football match? Will ___________________

your dad watch football?
h. He will stay not at home. ____________________________________
He won't stay at Home.
i. My parents won’t do some shopping. My ______________________
parents won't do some shopping.

E. Read the following statements carefully and circle the correct option “will or
be going to” form.

a. She will / is going to graduate next year.

b. I will / am going to meet your dad tomorrow afternoon.
c. Who do you think will / is going to win the championship?
d. He is very hard-working. I think he will / am going to be very successful.
e. I don’t think that she will / is going to recognize me.
f. Careful! You will / are going to to fall.
g. She will / is going to graduate next year.
h. I bought the tickets. I will / am going to travel tomorrow afternoon.
i. Will / are going to you marry me?

9
 READING
Demi’s Next Weekend
F. Read about Demi’s next
weekend and answer the
I’m very happy about next weekend because I will visit my questions.
friend Jenny, we will do many things. We will go together
to the cinema. I like horror movies but Jenny doesn’t, so 1. What movie will they watch?
we won’t see that type of films, we will probably see a Comedy
___________________________________________
comedy.
2. What will they eat after the movie?
After the movie we will go to eat sushi, we also want to go Sushi
___________________________________________
to the mall, Jenny will buy sandals for the summer but I 3. What will Jenny buy at the mall?
will not buy anything because I don’t have money, but
during the week I will buy what I need. After the mall Jenny Sandals
___________________________________________
will come to my house because we will have a pajama 4. What will Jenny drink in the pajama
party, we will eat popcorn and drink Coke, ah…. Jenny party?
won’t drink Coke because she doesn’t like it, she will drink
Fanta, her favorite drink.
Fanta
___________________________________________
5. What time will they go to bed?
We will also play cards, listen to music and do the mails. At 10:00 pm
___________________________________________
We will not go to bed late, we will go to sleep at 10:00 pm 6.What will they do during the pajama
because we will go to mass early next morning. I am so party?
glad to see her I will take so many pictures for my diary 6 hours
___________________________________________
and I will buy a diary for her so she won’t forget about our
friendship.
G. Are these sentences true
(T) or false (F)?
1. Demi is going to visit her
sister. T/F
2. Jenny is going to watch a
horror movie.
T/ F
3. After the movie they will eat
popcorn. T/F
H. SPEAKING 4. Jenny is going to buy
PAIRS. Think of answers to these questions. Then tell your sandals. T/F
classmate about your future meeting with a friend. Use the 5. Jenny is going to buy a diary
answers to the questions below. for her friend. T/F

Are you going to meet someone? Expressions Yes, I will go to the movies.
Will you have a plan for today? which one?
Will you take your friend on a trip?
Will you have plans for today?
Are you going to do something fun?

Are you going to do something fun?

Yes, I’m going to play bowling with my friend.

10
Lesson 1B Making Arrangements
Present Continuous for arrangements
Expressions
How about another
time?
I hope it goes well.
VOCABULARY – expression for accepting or rejecting Enjoy it!
A. Read the following expressions. We will make it up to
you another day.
Inviting

Would you like to join me for dinner tomorrow?

I'd like to ask you to attend the open ceremonies next week.
Let’s fix up a meeting
Are you free on Friday?
Why don’t we go to that new exhibit at the museum?
How about going to that festival together on Saturday?

1. Thank you! I'd be delighted to. 1. I'm afraid I'm busy tonight.
2. That would be nice/lovely/great. 2. I’ll be there for sure.
3. That sounds like fun! 3. I am not able.
4. Yes, let's do it. 4. I'm terribly sorry. I have other plans.
5. Awesome, I’ll look forward to it. 5. Unfortunately, I can’t…
6. I’ll be there for sure. 6. I wish I could join you but…

B. Complete the next exercise using accepting or rejecting expressions.

Informal: Inviting to do some activities (movies, bowling, shopping, dinner)

Person 1: ____________________________________________.
would you like to have dinner today?

Person 2: ____________________________________________.
Unfortunately, I can't.

Person 1: ____________________________________________.
Would you like to go to a movie?

Person 2: _____________________________________________.
Yes, I'd love to

Formal: Inviting to a business event (work reunion, gallery event, art exhibition)
Person 1: _________________________________________________________________.
Are you going to the work meeting today?
Person 2: _________________________________________________________________.
No, I'm very tired
Person 1:__________________________________________________________________.
Will you come to my art gallery tomorrow?
Person 2: _________________________________________________________________.
I'll be there for sure.

11
GRAMMAR – present continuous for arrangements
Time expressions
® To talk about future arrangements. A future right now
arrangement is a plan that you have decided and today
tonight
organized with another person. tomorrow
® Sometimes the arrangement is between a person and this morning
this week
a group of people, or an organization or company. this month
this year
this semester
Examples: these days
in 2023 (or other year)
§ We’re doing a English exam in two days. the day after tomorrow
§ She’s studying at Bethan’s house this evening.
§ I'm spending Christmas and New Year with my mom and dad.

Affirmative
I’m going to school this week
You’re going to school this week
He’s going to school this week
She’s going to school this week
It’s going to school this week
We’re going to school this week
They’re going to school this week
Negative
I’m going to school this week
You’re going to school this week
He’s going to school this week
She’s going to school this week
It’s going to school this week
We’re going to school this week
They’re going to school this week

Question Short answer

Am I going to school this week? Yes, I’m
Are you going to school this week? No, I am not
Is he going to school this week? Yes, He’s
Is she going to school this week? No, she isn’t
Is it going to school this week? Yes,It’s
Are we going to school this week? Yes, We’re
Are they going to school this week? No, They’re not

Remember:
Certain verbs, actions or situations in sentences cannot be used with the
present continuous with future meaning because they are not part of a plan,
an arrangement or an intention. The present continuous tense for the future
can only be used when an action or situation can logically be planned in
advance.

Example:
§ He’s having an accident in December. Is NOT possible

12
PRACTICE
C. Read the sentences and fill in the spaces with the right form of the verbs in the box.
Using Present continuous in affirmative, negative and question form.

Example: He is driving to work now. (drive)

a. Jorge ________________
is collecting some flowers in the garden. (collect)
b. Paula and Jazmin_________________
are running in the country. (run)
c. She ____________________
is cleaning her apartment. (clean)
are
d. We ______________ our victory with some friends. (celebrate)
e. Karla________________
is visiting her grandparents in Babahoyo. (visit)
f. I ________________
'm not waiting for the bus. I’m calling my parents now. (not/ wait)

g. _________you__________________
Are watching a horror movie? (watch)

D. Match the phrase. Read the sentences and fill in the spaces with the right number.

a. She ______
10 her friends tomorrow. 1. Are going

2 a party for my birthday.

b. I____ 2. Am having

7 next Monday?
c. What_____ 3. Are you playing

5 anything this evening.

d. I____ 4. Are they going

e. My brother ____
8 home tonight. 5. Am not doing

1 on holiday next week.

f. They____ 6. Are going

g. What___
11 on Saturday night? 7. Are you doing

9 anything this evening.

h. I___ 8. Is staying

i. Where ____
4 this weekend? 9. Am not doing

j. We___6 to school next week. 10. Is not meeting

3 badminton tomorrow?
k. ____ 11. Are you doing

13
 READING – Sarah and Peter in Japan
E. Read the text about this coupe traveling to Japan. Then answer the following questions.

1. Where are they flying?

Peter in Japan
Japan
___________________________________
Finally, after years of saving
money and restrictions, Sarah and 2. What are they doing the
I are flying to Japan. We have first week?
many plans for this 3-week trip.
The first week, we’re going to the Going to the ancient cities of Nara
___________________________________
and Kyoto,temples,gardens.
ancient cities of Nara and Kyoto,
full of temples, gardens and 3. Why are they traveling to
original inscriptions. There, we’re seeing people pray and Tokyo?
show their respect to them ancestors. In addition, we’re For the famous shinkansen
trying some of Japan’s emblematic features. We’re traveling __________________________________
or bullet train.
on the famous shinkansen (or bullet train) from Kyoto to 4. What are they eating during
Osaka and from that city to Tokyo. the trip?
with rice, soup, vegetables and
There, we’re seeing the place from the 634-meter-tall Tokyo protein like fish or
Sky Tree’s deck. Night life must be so full of light, color and __________________________________
soy
adventure. One day we’re visiting the emperor’s palace and 5. Why are they going to the
gardens. We’re also exploring famous cites like Shinjuku and Tsukiji fish market?
Shibuya. During the trip we won’t miss the Japanese cuisine. To eat and expecting to savor the
We’re starting each day with tea and a full meal with rice, ___________________________________
Famous pufferfish ,or fubu.
soup, vegetables and protein like fish or soy. Raw fish is a
must all day so we’re tasting different types every single day.

We’re going to the well-known Tsukiji fish market to eat and

expecting to savor the famous pufferfish, or fubu, which has
to be prepared only by qualified Japanese chefs. Green tea is
the popular drink, and many products are made of it: cakes,
candies, soups and more. We´re getting a bit of those, too.

In Japan we’re staying the best days in our lives!

Retrieved from:UNAM

F. Read the following sentences. Answer True (T) or False (F).

1. the first week they are visiting Tsukiji fish market. F

_____________.
2. The people were praying in the Sky Tree’s deck. T
_____________.
3. They don’t want to try Japanese cuisine during the trip. F
_____________.
4. Green tea is the popular drink. T
_____________.
5. Fubu can be prepared by any Japanese. F
______________.

14
 WRITING - Itinerary

Preparation: Read the tips and the itinerary to New York.

Tips to improve writing

1. Write using capital letters correctly.

2. Apply precise punctuation

G. Are the sentences true or false?

1. The flight leaves at noon. T/F

2. Go to Central Park on Saturday. T/F

3. Visit the Empire State on Friday. T/F

4. Have dinner at a famous restaurant on

Wednesday. T/F

5. Go to Ellis Island on Thursday. T/F

Retrieved from: UNAM

H. Write your own itinerary with sentences in the Present continuous.

MONDAY: take the bus to the university at 5:00 am

Day 1: _____________________________________________________________.

TUESDAY: Integration with my classmates at 2:00 pm

Day 2: _____________________________________________________________.

WEDNESDAY: English classes and homework presentation.

Day 3: _____________________________________________________________.

THURSDAY: Relaxing day at the mall with my friends.

Day 4: _____________________________________________________________.

Day 5: FRIDAY: Pedagogy classes in the morning and mathematics in the afternoon.
_____________________________________________________________.

Day 6: SATURDAY: I travel home on the morning bus.

_____________________________________________________________.

SUNDAY: enjoy the day with family.

Day 7: _____________________________________________________________.
15
SPEAKING Role play
I. PAIRS. Work with a partner. Invite an old friend to have lunch with you. One of you is the
friend and the other is the invited.
I’m having a party. Would you like to join us?
Ask and answer questions.

Are you doing anything on Sunday?

Would you like to have lunch this weekend?

LISTENING – Study Abroad

J. Listen to the following audio about study abroad. Then choose a, b or c. (Track: Study
Abroad).

1. What will happen soon?

a. She will keep her job.

b. She will work in Europe.
c. She will quit her job.

2. Which languages will she study?

a. Spanish.
b. French.
c. Spanish and French.

3. What will she have problems doing?

a. Buying food.
b. Making friends.
c. Cooking.

4. Who will she miss?

a. Her family.
b. Her boyfriend.
c. Her friends.

5. When will she see her boyfriend?

a. He will visit her.

b. When she returns.
c. Never, they broke up.

16
Lesson 1C Future Tenses in Action
Future in use: will/ be going to/ present continuous

VOCABULARY- Plans and goals

A. Look at the following pictures. Then choose a word that

match with them.
L E Vocabulary List
C
A donate clothes to charity
B design a healthy eating
plan
D A K C drive a zero-emission
vehicle
D stop being superstitious
E clean out the wardrobe

B F buy more high-quality

J I
items
G make headway
H chase my dream
I manage money better
F G
H J be more confident
K get out of debt
L be financially independent

B. Match the phrases with the correct meaning. The teacher will guide the class.

Healthy eating plan b a. The status of having enough income.

Superstitious
High quality items
Chase my dream
Financially independent
Zero emission vehicle
Get out of debt
e b. Give your body the nutrients it needs every day.
c. Vehicle that doesn’t emit exhaust gas or other
a pollutants
d. Save money and pay all your bills.
g
e. Having or showing a belief in superstitions.
d
f. Adhering to an excellent standard of measure.
c
g. Pursue a goal you wish to achieve.
f

17
GRAMMAR – Future in use
® Simple Future Tense is used to construct sentences about future time (time after
now).
® Subject + will + V1 (First Form of Verb)
Example:
§ She will be a doctor soon.
§ I will call him as soon as possible.

® To be going to refers to intentions and future plans that have already been decided.
® structure: Subject + to be + going to + verb + …
Example:
§ I am going to the shop.
§ We are going to visit your company today.

® We also use the present continuous to express future meaning.

® We use the verb “be “(am/is/are) + -ing- to form the present continuous.
Example:
§ Carol is coming to my party tonight.
§ We’re doing homework this weekend.

PRACTICE
C. You must identify among the future tenses: will, be going to, and present continuous
and put the verbs in the correct form.
Example:
I will speak
We ____are going to_____ the park. English fluently in
six months.
a. My grandfather ____________
will be 85 next week.

b. We ________________go
are going to to the Grand Canyon.

c. You__________
will probably have a long retirement.

d. The number of older people _________

will increase.

e. I don’t know but I _________________

don't wear my old jeans. (wear) (use negative form)

f. I_________________
'm going to retire soon.

g. People ________________
be going to live longer.

h. What ______
do you _____________
wear tonight? (wear)

i. Its late! What ______she

does _________?
do (do)

18
WORK IN PAIRS
D. Complete with the right option in each conversation. Use will/ be going to/present
continuous.

1. A: My mother’s so happy. She_______________________

will retire (retire) next month.
B: Are you______________________
having (have) a party for her?
A: Yes. Do you want to come to the party?
B: What’s the date?
A: June 16.
B: I have to check my calendar. I__________________
will let (let) you know later

2. A: I have to go to the airport. My grandparents’ plane_____________________

be going to arrive (arrive)
at four o’clock this afternoon.
B: I______________
'm going to go (go) with you. I________________
Will staying (stay) in the car while you go into
the airport.
A: Thanks.
B: How long are they_______________________
be going to stay ? (stay)?
A: They__________________(come)
Are coming because my sister______________(graduate)
will graduate on
Sunday. After the graduation, they ___________________(visit)
be going to visit my cousins in Denver.

3. A: Do you want to go for a cup of coffee?

B: Sorry. I don’t have time. I______________________(visit)
will visit my grandfather this
afternoon. I_________________
'm going to help (help) him with his computer. And I need to return

some books to the library.

A: Give them to me. I’m going that way on my way home. I______________
will return (return)
them for you. Do you want to get together for coffee tomorrow?
B: I’m not sure. I___________________________
will text (text) you tomorrow to let you know.

19
READING- Horoscope for teens
E. Read the text below and identify your horoscope.

F. Are these sentences true or false?

1. Cancer it’s time for crazy action. T/F

2. Aries you have got a new project or activity. T/F
3. Virgo won’t have time at the beginning of the week. T/F
4. Capricorn slow down on Friday and Saturday. T/F
5. Gemini Sunday’s a family day. T/F

20
 G. Read the text again and match the sentences with the star signs.

1. Must be careful with money on Friday. d a. Virgo

2. Will have fun on Sunday. e b. Cancer

3. Will meet a new person in the middle of the week. C c. Leo

4. Will have to work on Sunday. a d. Scorpio

5. Must be careful because they may have an accident on Friday. b e. Aquarius

SPEAKING - PAIRS
Linkers
H. Talking about you and your plans for the future.
Use the expressions:
Addition linkers
AND / ALSO / TOO

What are you doing next summer? Cause-effect linkers

BECAUSE / SO

Contrast linkers
I'm planning to… BUT
I hope to…

I'm thinking about…

WRITING – What are they doing?

I. Look at the picture and write a sentence for
each person about what are they doing. Use
present continuous form.
For example: Cindy is doing her math homework
________________________________________________________
Baby Ben is playing with the ball
________________________________________________________
Dad is serving tea.
________________________________________________________
Grandma Sue is drinking tea.
________________________________________________________
Evan is reading the magazine.
________________________________________________________
Usel is sleeping on the carpet
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
______________________________________________ 21
Lesson 1D Differences in future tenses
Find differences: will/ be going to/ present continuous

VOCABULARY – virtual and console games

A. Match the pictures with the words on your right.

Vocabulary List
E D G
A multiplayer

B wireless headphones

C joystick
H A I
D professional gamers

E decision-making

F Virtual reality
C F B
G Inventory

H Console

I Mission

B. Complete the sentences with the most appropriate vocabulary.

1. This competition won’t be for amateurs it’s only for ________________________.

professional gamers
inventory
2. We must have enough ______________ for this month.

joystick
3. I need to buy another __________________ my little brother broke it down.

4. I’m tired of messing with the cable when I exercise, I should use wireless
________________.
headphones

5. My new _______________
console comes with 2 joystics and one game.

6. In the next ______________

mission I need to find my partner if I want to win.

C. WRITING: think about your favorite virtual game and answer the following questions; What is
the game about? How many levels it has? Can you play in multiplayer? What do you like the
most?
My favorite game in GOD OF WAR, it is a saga that is made up of 17 main missions,
____________________________________________________________________________
it is a story from Greek mythology and what I like is that it can be played with friends.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

22
GRAMMAR – Future tenses
® Will is used to express future actions decided at the moment of speaking while Going to
describes future plans decided before the moment of speaking.
Example:
§ I‘ll have salad now. (will)
§ I’m going to visit my aunt next Friday. (going to)
® Will is used to indicate a prediction based on personal opinions or experiences while going
to is used to express a prediction based on present evidence.
Example:
§ I think United will win the game. (will)
§ Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. (going to)
® Will expresses a future fact; going to is used to describe something is about to happen.
Example:
§ The sun will rise tomorrow. (will)
§ Get back! The bomb is going to explode. (going to)

® Present Continuous Tense for The Future

Example:
§ Mary’s studying in the library. (now)
§ She’s studying at Bethan’s house this evening. (future)
§ He’s arriving tomorrow morning about 7.30 (future)

common future time words
§ this afternoon
§ tonight
§ tomorrow
§ tomorrow morning / afternoon/ evening / night, etc.
§ next week / month/ December / year, etc.
§ the day after tomorrow
§ the week / month / year, etc. after next
§ in ___ hours / days / weeks / months, etc.
§ ___ hours / days / weeks / months, etc. from now
§ in 2020 (or other year)
§ on Christmas day / November 24th (future date)

23
PRACTICE
D. Complete the sentences with the most appropriate form. Use the verbs from the box.

Have rain make fly drive go

Become beat have stay meet buy

1. Please, buy some eggs. I ............................................................

Will make a cake.

2.I've just missed my train! - No problem. I .........................................

am going to dive you there.

are fly
3. My dad has already booked the holiday. We ............................................... to France on 2 July.

are meet
4. Not at five o'clock. Look at the diary. We ................................................ Mr. Clark at three
o'clock.

is have
5.Betty is going to driving lessons, because she ....................................................... a car.

am going to
6.I ..................................... to the cinema tonight. I already have a ticket.

'm have
7.I can't eat anything today. I ............................................... an appointment at the hospital
tomorrow.

are beat
8.The Sharks are much better! I'm sure they .................................................. the Dolphins today!

9.What does your son want to do in future? - I hope he .........................................

is become a dentist.

am having
10. You look pretty tired. You should have a break. - OK. I .......................................................... a
rest.

is rain
11. You must take an umbrella. It ................................................................

12. Are you planning any summer holiday? - I don't know yet. Perhaps I 'm going to stay at
..................................
home.

24
 READING – Microsoft Aims to Buy Gaming Company
E. Read the conversation between Noah and Jacob. Then decide if the statements are
true or false.

Microsoft Aims to Buy Gaming Company Are these sentences true or

false? Write T or F.
Software maker Microsoft is buying the video game
company Activision Blizzard for nearly $69 billion in one 1. Microsoft is selling the
of the biggest technology deals in history. Microsoft F
company Activision. _________
announced the agreement Tuesday and said it is 2. The deal won’t need approval
expected to be completed in 2023. F
from the government. ________
3. Microsoft is the maker of PS
The deal must be approved by government regulators. T
gaming system. _________
Activision Blizzard produces a series of popular and 4. The deal have been already
profitable video games including Call of Duty, World of
T
approved. ________
5. Microsoft’s Xbox already
Warcraft and Candy Crush. Microsoft is the maker of the
Xbox gaming system and is expected to add those games, develops and produces its own
T
games. _________
along with others, to its subscription service.

If approved, the deal will turn the software maker into SPEAKING
one of the world’s largest video game companies. It is GROUPS
§ F. Form groups of four, every
expected to better position Microsoft to take on other
student in the group should
major videogame competitors like China’s Tencent and talk about a video game you
Japan’s Sony. Microsoft’s Xbox already develops and want to play the next weekend.
produces its own games. But the deal with Activision § Choose at least one game!
Blizzard will give the company control of many § Each group have to describe
additional games. the video game.
For example:
Our game is about shooting and
construction….

Retrieved from: voanews

LISTENING – Virtual Reality Gaming

G. Watch the following video. Write the missing words according to the
video. Use Will or Present continuous.

1.VR is a new system that _______________________

is Taking this tick to a whole new level.
2.I____________
won't trip over wires I______________
will trip over my feet.
3.I need a break these robots_________________________.
are exhausting
4. We _____________________
are getting really real

Retrieved from: https://youtu.be/vFy8hOsToa4

25
 VOCABULARY BOOSTER
Lesson 1E
Planning a party
We’re going to party this
WARM – UP weekend.
Dance all night long
Imagine you are in a Birthday party. Have a couple of drinks
How many things can you name? Chat with friends
Play party games
A. Label the clothing and personal items in these pictures.

Ballon

Drinks

Hat

Confetti

Cake

Present

B. WRITING: What are you going to have for you next celebration? 5 Sentences using the
vocabulary from exercise A or any other word related to planning a party.
I'm having a party at my house tomorrow.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

We will exchange gifts.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
We'll dance to old songs all night.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Play will be part of the night.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

We drinks Margaritas and coke .

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

26
READING – Making plans

C. Read the following tips to improve you reading.

TIPS

1. Go back and re-read texts a second time and a third time.

2. Don't stop! When you arrive at an unfamiliar word then skip it and keep reading.
3. Look them up in a dictionary or ask someone.
4. When a question gives you multiple answers to choose from, try to answer the
question without looking at the answers first.

D. Read the dialogue about planning a birthday party.

Dialogue: Planning a Birthday Party

Carla: Hi! Are you ready to start decorating for the party?
Harry: Yes, I'm ready! I hope Jane likes her surprise birthday party.
Carla: She will love our soccer theme. I asked all of our friends to wear a blue or red
soccer jersey. Come with me to the backyard so we can start decorating.
Harry: Let's decorate the table first. I bought a party package that costs $15. The
package includes plates, cups, napkins, forks, spoons, and knives.
Carla: While you decorate the table, I will hang up the decorations.
Harry: I also bought some balloons! I made sure that they were very bright and
colorful. There are 12 of them in the package.
Carla: That sounds fantastic! We can tie the balloons to the table.
Harry: We can't forget about the soccer shaped cake! What flavor did you decide to
make?
Carla: I made a chocolate cake. I mixed the cake mix with three eggs, 1/2 cup of oil and
1 cup of water. Then, I put it in the oven for half an hour.
Harry: It smells delicious! Now we can organize the backyard for the soccer game we
are going to play.

Retrieved from: Quizlet

E. Are these sentences true or false?

1. Harry is not ready for the surprise party. __________

F
2. The decoration will be inside the house. F
__________
3. I make sure the jerseys are bright and colorful. T
__________
4. Carla made a chocolate cake. __________
T
5. They are going to play soccer at the party __________
T

27
 F. Answer the following questions about the dialogue.
1. Who is helping Carla with the decorations?
With the chocolate cake.
______________________________________________________________________________.
2. What is Carla going to do with the balloons?
_______________________________________________________________________________.
Tie the balloons to the table.
3. What are they going to do after decorating?
_______________________________________________________________________________.
They can organize the back yard for the soccer game

G. WRITING: Answer the following questions:

1. Have you ever thrown a surprise party? If not, would you like to? For whom?
2. In your opinion, how many people should be invited to a birthday party? Why?
3. Do you think that themed parties are more fun? Why? Why not?
____________________________________________________________________________
I think that the party is very well planned and with a lot of love,
____________________________________________________________________________
I____________________________________________________________________________
think that a maximum of 11 people should be invited to the party,
the theme of the party is very fun and according to the guest
____________________________________________________________________________

it____________________________________________________________________________
seems like a very good idea.
____________________________________________________________________________

H. SPEAKING - DISCUSSION
Share with the class your answers from exercise G.

I. LISTENING – Party Planning

Listen the audio about party planning and answer the following questions T/F

1. Ayako wants a baby grand piano for the Christmas party. __________

2. The baby grand piano will easily fit through the building doorway. __________

3. Sam suggests a solution for the problem. __________

4. Ayako has around 50 per cent flexibility with the budget. __________

5. Ayako accepts the upright piano when Sam suggests it. __________

28
I have to do my Homework Unit 2

Unit objective:
Learners will be able to
indicate their obligations
and possibilities for future
situations.

Learning outcome:
Inferring from
context
Producing piece of
writing.
Listening for specific
and general
information
Reading for specific
information
Point out actions to
avoid Covid 19
Share experiences
related to
quarantine

29
 UNIT 2 I have to do my Homework
May, might, will, must, have to, need to

Lesson 2A Digital Habits

May, might and will
VOCABULARY – Family Relationship
A. Match the words with the pictures in the box.

C A D List of words

A childhood

B parents

E C raising kids
B F
D role models

E Single parent

F. Over-protective

B. Match the phrases with the correct meaning. The teacher will guide the class.

Parents c a. A person bringing up a child without a partner.

Childhood b. Having a tendency to protect someone
e excessively.
Raising kids f c. People who raise their children and meet their
needs.
Role models d. A person looked to by others as an example to be
d imitated.
Single parent a e. The period during which a person is a child.

b f. Take care a child until he is grown up.

Over - protective

30
 Expressions
GRAMMAR – May/ Might/ Will
Today
PROBABILITY IN FUTURE Tomorrow….
WILL/ WON´T Soon…
Someday…
® It is used for situations that are certain to happen. This... (afternoon,
® When you believe in something or you are confident it can week, month, etc.)
happen. Next… (week, year,
month, etc.)
Negative: WILL NOT=WON´T
Structure: Subject +will/won´t+ infinitive verb
Example:
• The sun will rise tomorrow.
• I will finish work at 5h00. (It is indicated in my schedule)
• Saray will be late. (She is always late)

POSSIBILITY IN FUTURE
MAY/MIGHT
® MAY and MIGHT are used for situations in future, which have a possibility to
happen but you are not sure about it. They have a slight possibility to happen.

Negative: MAY NOT / MIGHT NOT

Structure:
Subject + may/may not + infinitive verb
Example: Subject + might/might not + infinitive verb
• It might rain tomorrow. (Not sure about it)
• I may go on vacation to London. (I haven’t bought any ticket)
• It is such a sunny day! It might not rain tonight.

PRACTICE
C. Fill in the spaces with the most suitable modal verb. May/might/will.

1. She is ill. She ______________be

may not at the party(impossible)
2. Tom ______________
will be tired when he arrives to Edinburg(probable)
might
3. It _________________ snow during the week(probable)
4. One day they _________________find
will life on other planets (slightly possible)
5. We _______________ever
may know everything(impossible)
6. The man in the photograph ___________be
may my grandfather(probable)
Will
7. He _______________ recover his sight after the surgery(possible)
will
8. She _______________ lend us the money we need (slightly possible)
9. He ______________become
will a better piano player than his teacher(probable)

31
 10. We _______________ask
maight permission before doing it (slightly possible)
D. Put the words in order and create sentences using the future.

1. on / more / he / spend / time / homework/ might / his

He might spend his time on more homework.

____________________________________________________________________________.
2. directions / the / will / for / tourists / ask

____________________________________________________________________________.
The tourists will ask for directions.
3. work / you / prepare / your / might / carefully / more

____________________________________________________________________________.
You might prepare your work more carefully.
4. moment / they / this / remember / beautiful / forever / will
They will remember this beautiful moment forever.
_____________________________________________________________________________.
5. the / might / you / package / take / to / office / this / post
You might take this package to the officepost
_____________________________________________________________________________.

READING- Raising the smartphone generation

E. Read the new research into how parents and children manage their digital habits.
Raising the smartphone generation

Parents worry about their children becoming addicted

to games, how digital devices will affect them mentally,
physically and socially as well as how they might impact
their privacy and security.

But parents are also responsible for the example they set
with their own digital habits. Most important, 95% of
parents try to encourage positive behaviors in their household by not allowing devices to
be taken to bed (55%), setting rules that apply not just to the kids but the whole family
(54%) and making dedicated, screen-free, device-free family time (51%). According to this
research, the amount of time parents spend on devices has a direct impact on the amount
of time their children do. In fact, the most important factor may well be how sensitive
parents are to their own performance as both role models and regulators.

For instance, the data reveals that parents who regularly use their devices during meals
are more likely to think they are better role models and less likely to place limitations on
their child’s usage. No matter where people are raising kids, they’re embracing new digital
behaviors in a meaningful way. And in every case, the digital habits of parents and children
are interlinked.

Retrieved from: Kaspersky

32
F. Read again and answer the questions.

1. What worries parents about smartphones?

________________________________________________________________________
Parents worry about their children becoming addicted to games

2. Why parents are responsible for their children’s digital habits?

_________________________________________________________________________
Why should they make rules.

3. What are the measures that parents take to improve digital habits?
implementing rules and schedules they must follow
_________________________________________________________________________

4. What do you think about setting rules for the use of devices to the whole
family?
I think the rules are very important
_________________________________________________________________________

5. Do you think the digital habits of parents and children are interlinked?
Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
Because there is control and the family relationship is better.

WRITING – Make predictions

G. Write a paragraph 70-100 words with some predictions about: How will the world
be in 2050? How will traveling be? How will learning be? How about social life and
sports? How about pets? How will working life be? Watch the video so you can have
a better idea. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABrjdyavqkI

Thinking about the future is like wandering because we don't know

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
if we will arrive or continue to be vital by then. But let's just think
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
for a moment and imagine what our life would be like, how we
would like to live with electric cars and a healthier environment for
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
the world without combustion, that for our pets there are medical
improvements and have a better life and for the whole world.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

33
 LISTENING – Dialogues. (Track: L2 dialogue).

H. Listen and complete the blank spaces of three conversations using modals of
probability. Then, check your answers with the teacher.

Conversation #1
A: Will
______ you be in the office Monday?
B: I'm
_____.
go Why?
A: Do you think you’ll have time to
help me?
B: I'm
______.
sure I have a lot to do that day, Conversation #3
though. B: Have you seen this? You _________
may like this?
A: OK, I will check with you then. I A: What is it?
___________
maight even need you. B: It’s a watch that counts calories as you
B: OK, let me know. walk.
A: Not sure why I ________
will need this.
B: Well, you said you are on a diet! It
Conversation #2 _______motivate you to walk more.
Maight

A: When will you retire? A: Yeah, I suppose it _________

will help me lose
B: I _______
may retire this year. weight.
A: Really so soon. What ______you
do do B: It ________!
's will You never know!
with yourself?
B: I _______
may probably travel for a year.
A: And what ______
do you do after that?
B: I’ll probably come home and take
up golf!

SPEAKING – probabilities and possibilities

I. Share with your teacher and classmates the ideas you wrote in Exercise G.

34
 Lesson 2B Do and Don’ts
Must, have to, need to

VOCABULARY – Covid-19
A. Match the sentences with the pictures. How many can you recognize?

asymptomatic hygiene pandemic diagnose social-distancing

mask vaccine virus coughing

B. Complete the sentences using the vocabulary above.

a. A flu _____________
Virus occurred three times in the last century.
b. I'm not a vet so I can't _______________.
diagnose

c. The ___________
pandemic is transmitted to humans by mosquito bites.

d. This test should only be performed on an _________________

asypmtomatic

patient.
e. The ______________
vaccine is injected into the upper arm.
f. _________________________
Social - distance is a public health practice.
g. It's been almost a week and she hasn't been ____________today.
coughing

h. He wore a ___________and
mask spent a lot of time in the apartment.
i. He is meticulous about________________.
hygiene

35
GRAMMAR – Must, have to, need to
MUST
® It is used for actions that are obligations. Must not= mustn´t
® It is a command or order to not do something.
® Shows a stronger obligation than others.
® Something that is prohibited.

Example:
§ He must stop eating sugar, he has diabetes. We must pay the fine.
§ You mustn´t lie to him
§ She mustn´t go there.
§ You mustn´t drive so fast.

Don’t /doesn´t
HAVE TO have to
® It is used for actions that are obligations.
® The negative form of "have to" expresses the idea that something is not required.

Example:
§ I have to get up early. She has to eat a lot of vegetables.
§ We have to leave at 7h00 pm.
• She doesn’t have to go there.
• We don’t have to eat it.

Don´t/doesn´t
NEED TO need to
® to express that something is important for you to do.
® Use the negative form of "need to" to express that something isn't necessary, but
possible. At times, English speakers use "don't need to" to express that they don't
expect someone to do something.

Example:
§ She needs to sleep more. They need to buy a new phone.
• She doesn’t need to go there.
§ We don’t need to eat it.

36
PRACTICE
C. Complete the sentences with affirmative or negative form of must/ have to/ need to.

1. Students____________
have to look at their notes during the test.

2. I can give you my car, so you _________________________

don't need to buy a new one.

3. They____________
have to be in a hurry, because they have got more than enough time.

4. You _____________stop
have to at the red light.

5. Jim can't see very well. He .......................

need to wear glasses.

6. You _____________
have to stop smoking. It is very harmful.

7. Tomorrow is Sunday. You _______________

don't need to get up very early.

D. Complete these sentences. Use needn't or don't have to and the words from the box.

worry wear do tell help

work go call be use

1. Sarah _______________________________
needn't to use glasses, because she wears contact lenses.

2. You ____________________________________________I'll
don't need to worry get the tickets for you.

3. It's a holiday tomorrow. We ___________________________________.

don't have to work

4. I have plenty of time. You __________________________________________it

don't have to go now.

don't need to help

5. You _______________________________me with the housework. I'll do it on my own.

don't have to tell

6. We ______________________________ dad about it. Do you agree?

don't need to use

7. Most students in America ________________________________________uniforms.

have to call
8. I am Ben. You _________________________________ me Mr. Clark.

have to go
9. We ________________________________ in the office at the same time. Our boss told us.

don't have to go
10. Spanish children ___________________________ to school for three months in summer.

37
 READING - Covid-19: Do and Don’ts
E. Read the following article about covid-19.

The coronavirus

Coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s. They

are a group of viruses that cause diseases in
mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause
respiratory tract infections that are typically mild,
such as the common cold. At the end of 2019, a new
type of coronavirus started spreading in China. This
type of coronavirus is often called 2019-nCoV, novel
coronavirus, or COVID-19.

It is believed that the virus was transmitted from animals to humans. Some of the first
cases were diagnosed in people who had visited a market selling live seafood and
animals. Unfortunately, when viruses are transmitted from animals to people, it can
take scientists a lot of time before they can develop a vaccine or medicines to cure it.

Some of the symptoms of the coronavirus are fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat,
headache, and trouble breathing. These symptoms are very much like those people
have with a cold or the flu. The virus can be more serious in some people, especially if
they are sick or have health problems. Some early reports reveal that children seem to
be getting coronavirus at much lower rates than adults. Doctors can relieve symptoms
by prescribing pain or fever medication. As far as antibiotics are concerned, they are
useless to treat coronavirus.

Retrieved from: myenglishpages

F. Read again and answer the following questions.

1. What causes coronaviruses?

Cause respiratory tract infections.
_______________________________________________________________________

2. Why does it take so long for scientists to develop a vaccine?

Because the virus is transmitted from animals to people.
_______________________________________________________________________

3. Which are the symptoms of the coronavirus?

Are fever,cough, runny nose , sore throat.
_______________________________________________________________________

4. In which people does the virus attack more?

In people that have health problems.
_______________________________________________________________________

38
 WRITING – Prohibitions and obligations
G. Make a list of the prohibitions and obligations to prevent covid-19. Use the
affirmative or negative form of must / have to / need to. It must be done in
50 words in length.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
In the current pandemic we must have several obligations regarding
security measures, such as having to wear a mask, social distancing
____________________________________________________________________________________________
,
washing our hands, disinfecting everything with alcohol, not having
____________________________________________________________________________________________
or going to parties or crowded places, isolating ourselves if we know
____________________________________________________________________________________________
we are infected and take care of our loved ones.
____________________________________________________________________________________________.

LISTENING- safe steps covid-19

H. Watch the following video and answer the questions true or false.
Retrieved from: https://youtu.be/eg1ixwE6XBw

1. Stomachache is one of the coronavirus symptoms. __________

F
2. You must avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. __________
T
3. Maintain one meter between yourself and someone who is ill. __________
T
4. When you cough or sneeze cover your mouth with your hands. T
__________
5. If you have symptoms stay calm and drink hot lemonade. F
__________

SPEAKING – Prevention
I. Share with your teacher and classmates what you wrote in Exercise G.

39
Lesson 2C Then and now
Had to, needed to

WARM-UP – COVID-19
A. Look at the picture and share your ideas about the following question

What changes did you have in your life because of COVID-19?

VOCABULARY – Daily routines during COVID- 19

B. Label the pictures with the most suitable option form the box (more than an
answer is possible)

a) Be Informed
b) Eat nutritiously
c) Establish a dedicated workspace
d) Exercise regularly
e) Have at least one personal
conversation a day
f) Keep immune systems strong
g) Maintain a sleep schedule
h) Set work hours
i) Spend time outdoors each day
j) Stay socially connected
C. Use 5 phrases from the vocabulary and create sentences about the routines you did
or didn’t do during the COVID 19 lockdown. Use the modals to express obligations
in past.

40
 We must have at least one personal conversation a day.
______________________________________________________________________
Eating nutritiously is important and being informed.
______________________________________________________________________
READING – COVID-19 changed my life

D. Read the text above and make a list about Sokhan´s life after and before covid-19
lockdown.

COVID-19 changed my life

Sokhan is a 17-year-old girl from Siem Reap province, Cambodia,
she shares how COVID-19 has impacted her family’s lives.
My ordinary life changed completely because of the COVID-19
pandemic. Before COVID-19, my family was dependent on my
father as the main breadwinner and income earner. He had to
work as a construction worker and me aside from being a grade
12 student, I only needed to take care of my younger siblings and
my house.
Income and education affected
My family and I had to face a wide range of challenges since COVID-19 hit Cambodia. Not only
my father´s job was suspended and we didn´t have our daily support for living, but my
education was also affected.
In 2021 I needed to take a national exam and distance learning was not a good alternative for
me because I had to rely on Facebook Messenger for studying. I found it difficult to fully
comprehend the lessons compared to being in schools where I could learn directly from the
teachers. Also, I felt under pressure because I lacked the time to study as much as I needed to,
because I had to do the housework and looked after my younger siblings.
Going out to work
Since my family’s economic condition was worse, I had to go to work in the Cambodia-Thai
border province to earn some income to support my family. At that time, I was concerned about
the well-being of my family since my father was staying at home. He did not really know how
to take care of my siblings.
Nowadays, I expect that life will go back to normal so I can go back to school. If the COVID-19
situation remains, I will have to stay here to work because we do not have money.

Adapted from: https://plan-international.org/cambodia/case-studies/covid-19-changed-my-

life-2/

E. Read again and answer the following questions:

1. What is this reading about?
__________________________________________________________________________
How COVID-19 has impacted her family's lives.
1. Who did she and her family depend on?
__________________________________________________________________________
Her father is a builder man.
1. Which were the challenges that they faced?
__________________________________________________________________________
Her father´s job was suspended and we didn´t have our daily support for living.
1. Why did she has to work?
__________________________________________________________________________
To support her family.
1. What is she expecting for the future?
__________________________________________________________________________
She expect that life will go back to normal so she can go back to school.
41
GRAMMAR – Modals to express obligations in past
® Used to describe past obligations.
Present Past
Have to ---- had to
Has to ---- had to
Need to ---- needed to

® When referring to a prohibition in past, used the auxiliary for negative forms in
past. Must is not allowed to be used in past form as an obligation.
Did not have to / didn´t have to
Did not need to/ didn’t need to

Examples:
• I had to past that exam, now I failed the course
• I needed to go to the doctor’s appointment, but the traffic jam was terrible

PRACTICE.
F. Read the statements carefully and fill in the spaces with the right form of the
modal in past had to.

1. I / lay the table this morning (+) ______________________________________________________.

I had to lay the table this morning
2. Raul / get up at 6 this morning (-) _____________________________________________________.
Raul did'n t to get up at 6 this morning
3. She / do the cooking (?) _______________________________________________________________?
Did'n t she do the cooking?
4. I / do anything till lunchtime (-) _______________________________________________________.
I did'n t to do anything till lunch time.
5. We / stay at home last night (+) ______________________________________________________.
We had to stay at home last night
6. They / call the police (?) _______________________________________________________________?
Did They call the police?
7. He / walk to school (-) __________________________________________________________________.
He did'n t to walk to school
8. I / consult a doctor (+) _________________________________________________________________.
I needed to consult a doctor
9. You / show your passport at the airport (?) Did __________________________________________?
You show your passpor tat the airport?

G. Read the exercise carefully. Find the mistake and rewrite the sentences that are
incorrect. Use the modals in past.
1. You don’t needed to say sorry; it was not required.You ________________________________
did'n t needed to say sorry ;it was not required.
2. You did have to tell the boss the true. ________________________________________________
You did has to tell the boss the true.
3. I didn’t have to wear a formal suit for my last meeting.I didn’t _____________________________
have to wear a formal suit for my last meeting.

4. He didn’t have to drink alcohol on the street. ________________________________________

He didn’t have to drink alcohol on the street.

5. Do you had to come late? ______________________________________________________________

Did you had to come late?
6. Yesterday was a holiday. I needed to work. Yesterday
__________________________________________
was a holiday.I did'n t needed to work.
7. You had to put too much salt on my food. ____________________________________________
You did'n t had to put too much salt on my food.
8. I didn’t have to wear my uniform every day. _________________________________________
I didn’t have to wear my uniform every day.

42
 H. Fill in the spaces with the right form of modals for obligations. Read carefully
because there are in present and past forms.

1. Tina can´t see clearly, so she __________________

needed to use wear glasses.
2. My mom is a successful business woman, so she ___________________
needed to travel a lot to
get products.
3. When my husband was at college, he _________________________
had to read a lot of books
because he was studying laws.
4. It is an informal gathering, you _________________bring
had to a present.
5. My friends _______________________ get up early tomorrow, they don’t have classes
did'n t to
early.
6. My fathers can not go to their second honeymoon to Florida, because my dad
_________________
had to do some overtime hours at work.
7. Lucy could not go to the cinema; because she ______________________
had to look after her
sister.
8. Yesterday Caroline _________________
did'n t to clean her car, because it was raining really
hard.

WRITING – COVID-19

I. Imagine you and Sokhan are becoming friends. Then, type an email, in which you
introduce yourself briefly and describe the changes in your routine and life in
general that you have suffered because of the covid 19. The email needs to be done
in 150 words and it mainly must use past tenses and modals to describe past
obligation.

@ …

To: Shokhan
Subject: Friendly

Hello, how have you been with this pandemic, I am fine now and I hope you are too,
I was sick for several days and had a high fever but thanks to you taking care of me
I am better. In those days I had to be very careful with my hygiene because I had to be
careful to recover, I had financial problems but I did everything possible to get out of
this.I say goodbye to you with a big hug and hoping that you are well ..

LISTENING – COVID-19

J. Listen about mayors scold people not following lockdown and answer true or
false.

1. Italy is one of the countries less affected by COVID – 19. F

___________
2. Italy has over 83,000 cases of infections. V
___________
3.There have also been more that 8,000 deaths. V
___________
4. Everyone is following the rules. ___________
F
5.Three quarters of the world is in lockdown. ___________
V
6. Italians started a worldwide trend of singing from their balcony. ___________
V
43
 English in use!
Lesson 2D
Linking words

WARM UP – READING – Robert’s working day

A. Read the text below and answer the following questions

Robert’s working day

My working day starts in the morning. From
Monday to Friday, I give classes at the
university and from Saturday to Sunday I
work in my own store. During the week I get
up at half past five and I have a shower and a
nice breakfast. I usually leave the house at ten
past six I have my own car so I drive to work.
I get to the university at about seven thirty
and start work. I have a break in my classes at
half past one in the afternoon and finishes at
two o clock. Then I start my afternoon classes
until seven fifteen in the night. After that, I go
home and take my wife and daughter to eat
dinner in the shopping mall. When I get home at half past nine I take a shower and brush my
teeth before going to bed. When I don’t want to sleep early I love to watch series on Netflix or
spend some time watching the social networks I also love to read books about horror stories
or mystery.
In the weekends I work with my wife we get home at half past 8 in the evening and I cook
dinner. We stay at home in the evening. We don't go out on Saturdays but on Sundays we
usually go out to the movies or take our daughter to do something fun, also we love to eat
sushi or go to a nice restaurant. After that we watch television and then I go to bed at half past
nine, I'm usually asleep by ten o'clock.

1. How does Robert get to the University?

________________________________________________________________________
He work in his own stores.

2. Which are Robert’s jobs?

Work in house and Cook the dinner.
________________________________________________________________________

3. How long does Robert work in the University?

Two hours
________________________________________________________________________

4. What is Robert doing after classes?

________________________________________________________________________
Go Home and shopping mall with his family.

5. What activities does Robert do on the weekend?

________________________________________________________________________
Eat sushi or go to nice restaurant.

44
GRAMMAR – Linking words
Linking words for adding ideas and information

® Linking words are used to show relationship between ideas. They

help to join 2 or more sentences.
Also Besides / Besides this As well as this/ As well as
Beside that that
to give more information or This is usually placed at the It is usually placed at the
ideas. beginning of a sentence. It is beginning of a sentence. It is
It can be put at the beginning used to make an additional used to make an additional
of a sentence, or between the point. point.
subject and the verb.

I want to be an astronaut. Also,
I want to be a biologist. What
should I do?
Examples
Traffic congestion is a
problem in my city. Besides
this, the trains are very
expensive.
We went to the park
today. As well as that, we
did some shopping.

PRACTICE:
B. Read the statement and fill in the spaces with the suitable linker.

1. Both intermediaries were in a most conciliatory mood, and __________________,

besides they were
friends.
2. As you can see there is nothing else __________________
as well as this number.
3. The lawyer ____________
besides agreed with the judge.
4. Mandy likes reading many books, she wants to be a writer __________________.
besides that

5. I wish I had something pretty to wear ____________________robe.

besides this

6. He works very hard and he __________________

also goes to university every night.

C. Read carefully the two sides of the table and use the linkers to connect those ideas.

a) We can go to the spa together.
b) This house needs cleaning.
c) They want fish and chips.
d) I’m not busy today, we can go to the
mall.
e) You should have a barbecue party.
1. We can play videogames all day or watch
movies.
2. It needs new furniture.
3. I could help you to clean the house if you like.
4. We could invite Jenny this time.
5. They want a cold soda.

45
 @ …We can go to the spa together, as well as this, we could invite Jenny this time

@ …This house needs cleanig besides it needs new furniture.

@ …They want fish and chips also they want a cold soda

@ …I'm not busy today, we can go to the mall as well as that I could help to
Clean the house if you like.
@ …You should have a barbecue party, besides we can play videogames all
day or watch movies.

D. Make 6 statements about yourself and your daily life in which you use the linkers
words for adding ideas. 2 sentences about going to the University – 2 about going on a
trip and 2 about visiting my grandparents.

@ …I want to be a good teacher, also a nurse.

@ …At the university I have friends, they are also very funny
@ …On the trip to the waterfalls besides that I want to drink.
@ …I don't have work today, besides that I can help you organize everything.

@ …At my grandfather's house we will play. As well as that we will go to the river.
@ …We want to go to the river. As well as that we will go shopping in town.

WRITING AND SPEAKING – My working day

E. Prepare a short presentation in which you have to describe your routines during your
working day. Use the vocabulary covered in this unit and include the as many as linker
words you can use. Then, share it with the whole class.

@ …

I want to be a teacher. Also being a nurse. Traffic on the

way to my university is a problem. Besides this, the buses
are very expensive. My classmates and I went to
the park today. As well as that, we did some shopping
and also walked in the mall.

46
Lesson 2E VOCABULARY BOOSTER
Modals in action

VOCABULARY- Technology

A. Look at pictures. Then choose a word in the box that match with them.

H D
L

A. tablet
B. computer
C J G C. laptop
D. text message
E. mobile
F. games
G. mouse
F B
K
H. Wi-Fi
I. keyboard
J. webpage
K. e-mail
E I
A L. headphones

B. Complete the sentences with the correct word. See the box in Exercise A.

1. Turn off the ________________I

computer can’t write more __________________something
e-mail is wrong
with my ___________________.
keyboard
2. My dad is not answering the ____________________
mobile I’m going to leave a ___________________.
text message

game
3. I’m so tired of playing the same _________________ also my _______________
headphones are broken I
can’t hear anything.

4. The internet is too slow, you must reset your ____________________.

Wifi

5. All the grades will be published on the UTB ______________________

webpage I’ll send you the link.

47
 DEVELOPMENT – Strategies to Improve Listening Skills
There are different ways to improve regarding listening activities. Here we will show you the
important ones in order you will be better and better.

1. Apps: In your smartphones, you will find a variety of apps that could help you to improve in
listening. Here are our recommendations:

2. Social Media: Yes, the social media we constantly review, in our daily life could help us to
improve a better English level. There are some English learning tools developed by users or
influencers that could help us. So, let’s go to Tik Tok, Instagram (reels) or Facebook watch to have
fun while listening English.

3. YouTube: In this app we could watch music videos, conferences like Ted Talk, reviews,
movies, among other contents. We have to risk ourselves to select more content in English
language:

48
4. Podcast: In the store, there are some apps that contain podcast about entertaining topics we
are related in our daily life. Spotify and Apple Music also contains a great quantity of podcast that
we could explore.

5. Streaming Apps: Nowadays, we all have used platforms like Netflix, Disney+, HBO Max,
YouTube, Prime Video, among others. Those streaming apps have a big catalogue of content for
all the tastes, ages or people. Try to watch movies, TV shows or series in English, to encourage
yourself of understanding the language more and more.

49
 LISTENING – Digital Resources

C. In groups watch the video and follow the next steps.

Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WyvuMsMKEk&t=14s
The activity consists in:

1. Review the audio/video, as long as you need.

2. Identify the main idea of the audio/video
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
The main idea is inform about the pandemic situation.
3. Write three supporting ideas of the content.
1;Do not exit 2; Have good hygiene. 3; Wear a mask
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Make a brainstorming of new words and phrases.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
We must have a social conscience and empathy with all those affected
5. Make a group conclusion about the content you have selected.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
We have to put more commitment to get ahead and help

D. Listen the audio one more time and answer true or false.

1.Residents of Philippines are racing to get out after two months of lockdown. ______________
T

2. It is very easy to get out the city all the transports are available. ______________
F

3. The train station parking lot has become a camp site. ______________
F

4. Residents are doubtful about returning to normal. ______________

T

5. 25 million of people are finally able to step outside the city. ______________
T

E. WRITING AND SPEAKING: From the reading above select at least 2 strategies that you like
the most and explain why are your favorites?
First strategy
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As a first point, carry out a house-to-house health control to
identify all cases not yet detected.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Second strategy
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then carry out a control and health aid to each person who
has health problems and disabled people and also older adults.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

50
LIFE IS SO GOOD! Unit 3

Unit objective:
Learners will be able to
describe how situations
occur and grade its
intensity

Learning outcome:
Inferring from
context
Producing piece of
writing.
Listening for specific
and general
information
Mentioning their
work strengths and
weaknesses
Reading for specific
and general
information
Identifying key
questions in job
interviews.

51
 UNIT
@
3 LIFE IS SO GOOD!
May, might and will; must, have to and need to

Lesson 3A I need a job!

Intensifiers: too, very and enough

WARM UP - Part time Job

A. Look at the picture and share with your classmates your opinion about this question

Would you like to Where will

work at home or in you work in
an office? the future?

VOCABULARY- Work and employment

B. Read the definitions carefully and match them with the right word.

a) Apprentice a person who is learning and practicing the skills of a particular job:
b) Internship a system in which different groups of workers work somewhere at
G
different times of the day and night:
c) Minimum a period in which a woman is legally allowed to be absent from work in
H
wage the weeks before and after she gives birth.
d) Flextime J A person who is learning by practical experience under skilled workers.
e) Part-time a system of working in which people work a set number of hours within
D
a fixed period of time, but can change the time they start or finish work
f) Overtime F time worked in addition to your usual job hours:
g) Shift work money that a company pays to workers who have lost their jobs because
I they are no longer needed
h) Maternity the smallest amount of money that employers are legally allowed to pay
C
leave someone who works for them:
i) Redundancy If you work part-time or do part-time work, you work for only some of
E
payment the day or the week:
j) Trainee a period of time during which someone works for a company or
B
organization in order to get experience of a particular type of work

52
 C. Fill in the space with the most suitable word from the table above.

a) ________________
Flextime can’t be achieved in all industries and professions, but for most creative and
intellectual workers flexibility is becoming the new normal.
b) The ____________________
redundancy payment is tax-free. If you receive a lump sum in compensation for the loss of
employment, part of it may be tax-free.
c) Any hours worked by an employee which exceed the standard 40-hour work week are
subject to ______________
part time remuneration rates.
d) Employers generally have to pay workers the highest ________________prescribed
minimum wage by federal,
state or local laws.
e) You must take at least 2 weeks __________________
maternity leave before your baby is due, and at least 4
weeks after the baby is born.
f) In this company a _____________
apprentice is typically responsible for handling various work-related
tasks while learning on the job.

VOCABULARY- Work and employment

D. Watch the video and answer the following question

What is this
video about?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOwisVheWfE

E. Watch the video again and select the right option for each statement

1. Who is Sean Lee Rice?

a. A member of a social media group.
b. CEO & Founder of Schej Ltd.
c. He is an employee.

2. What is the biggest challenge with 3.If you work two days in an office two day a
hybrid working? week, what chances you have to miss a meeting?
a. Commuting a. 80%
b. Paying people b. 85%
c. Organizing meeting c. 90%

3. What are the things that shouldn´t be expected when doing hybrid work?
a. Great productivity.
b. More colleague happiness
c. Good work environment
d. Collaboration and creativity
a. She is going to start a business

53
GRAMMAR – Intensifiers: too, very and enough
® Too: We use too and very to modify the meaning of adjectives and
adverbs. Too and Very are used before an adjective or adverb. Too
means “more than necessary” or “more than you want.”
• I don't like this pub. It is too noisy and there are too many people.

® Very: It intensifies the strength of adjective or adverb and cannot be

used with 'extreme' adjectives
• It is very hot today.

® Enough: It describes an adequate or necessary amount. It can also be

used with Not, to refer to something that is not sufficient, or not
necessary. Enough is used after an adjective.
• She ate enough fruits to be healthy.

PRACTICE
F. Fill in the space with the most suitable intensifier (too/very/enough)

a. It is ______
too loud in here, I can´t hear you.

b. We don´t have _______

enough money, to pay rent next month.

c. The director said that we have to reshot because it is ______

too noisy.

d. She isn´t __________

Very talkative because she has autism.
e. I have bought _________
enough food that will last until next month.

f. I will get _____________

enough candies to share with my kids at the orphanage.
g. I won´t eat anything in this place. It is _________
too expensive for me.
h. They are good _________
too mechanics, always deliver on time.

G. Rewrite the sentences using either VER, TOO or ENOUGH

I have had so much to eat today, that I couldn’t eat another bite
___________________________________________________________________
I have had enough to eat today ,that couldn't eat another day.
We can´t see anything there is no lighting in here
___________________________________________________________________
We can't see anything there is too lighting in here.
The room is not hot. Maybe we should turn up the heat
___________________________________________________________________
The room is too hot. Maybe we should too turn up the heat.
That movie wasn´t scary in my opinion, but seemed terrified
___________________________________________________________________
That movie wasn't very scary in my opinion, but seemed too terrified.
Indian food is spicy, I can´t have a lot of that or I will get sick
___________________________________________________________________
Indian food is very spicy, I can't have enough that or will get stick.

54
 H. Write a short story using the intensifiers (very/too/enough), write five statements in past,
present or future forms, be as short as possible.

@ …
Last weekend we went to the river, the weather
was very
hot, that was enough for us to decide to swim. We
had a
very entertaining day and very sunny too. It was
fun and
relaxing enough too.
I. Choose the right option

a. My coffee is ________________hot
Very to drink at the moment.
Very Too Enough
enough
b. Is she tall _______________to reach the cookies?
Very Too Enough
Too
c. The bus stop is ___________close to our house.
Very Too Enough
Very
d. He is ___________ fat to fit in those clothes.
Very Too Enough
enough
e. You are not old ____________ to go to the party.
Very Too Enough
Too
f. Don’t take _______much time to complete these activities.
Very Too Enough
Very
g. Everyone says he is a ____________intelligent man.
Very Too Enough
Very
h. The exam was difficult ______________ to fail it.
Very Too Enough

SPEAKING – My first job

J. Prepare a speech about your first job if you haven´t worked yet where would you like
it would be your first job? In this activity, you have to use the vocabulary and
intensifiers of this lesson. The presentation must be done in 1-minute in length.

55
 Lesson 3B A job interview
Intensifiers: quite, so, at all.

WARM UP – Describing

A. Look at the picture and share with your classmates your opinion about this question

What do you think these

people are doing? Why?

VOCABULARY – describing a city

B. Match the words with the right pictures.
Employer Employee Interviewer Hire Qualification Strength Weakness

Interviewer Employer Employee

Qualification Strength Weakness

56
 VOCABULARY – an interview
C. Watch the video and order the question according to what you hear.

• Why did you leave your last job?

(____)
3

• Tell me about yourself (____)

2

• Do you have any experience working in a

kitchen? (____)
1
• What kind of training is needed?
(____)
6
• Do you have any questions for me?
(____)
5

• What hours can you work? (____)

4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naIkpQ_cIt0
D. Watch the video again and answer these questions

a. Does she like to learn new things?

a. Yes b. No c. Doesn´t say

b. Where was her last job?

a. Landyard b. Vineyard c. Graveyard

c. How many days a week did she used to work?

a. 2 b. Doesn’t say c. 4

d. What is his biggest strength?

a. Attention b. Punctuality c. Extra confident

e. Did she land the job?

a. Yes b. No c. Doesn´t say

f. Is she worried for the training needed?

a. Yes b. No c. Doesn´t say

g. What is the schedule that she is capable to work at?

a. 8h00 to 5h00 b. 9h00 to 5h00 c. 10h00 to 5h00

57
GRAMMAR – Intensifiers: quite, so, at all
® Quite: It emphasizes something to a lesser degree. It adds a level of emphasis
similar to the words rather or fairly. The second is to add total or complete
emphasis, similar to the word completely.
• The shape of the island emerged on the horizon quite clearly.
® So: It modifies adjectives and adverbs to signify the extent of something. It is more
casual than very. It can often be used with that. Like the intensifier too, so can be
combined with much(countable) and many(uncountable)
• I am so impressed with your work.
® At all: It is used in negative sentences and expressions.
• You didn’t make any notes at all?
• I am not at all interested in your offer

PRACTICE
E. Choose the most suitable option to complete the blank space

at all lately.
a. I haven’t watched Tv _______
Quite So At all
so
b. The film was ________ good but the book was much
better.
Quite So At all
so
c. Susan is _______funny! She always makes me laugh.
Quite So At all
at all
d. I don’t like pop music _________.
Quite So At all
so crazy people. I never know what they are going to do next.
e. They are ________
Quite So At all
so
f. She is _________ attractive, but not what I'd call gorgeous.
Quite So At all
at all
g. The party was not fun __________.
Quite So At all
h. Justin has ________
quite much money that he could buy that Aston Martin easily.
Quite So At all
i. so
She lives _______near me, so we can see each other often.
Quite So At all

58
 F. Put the intensifier in the right position inside the statement (quite/so/ at all)

1. The coffee was hot that I couldn't drink it.

The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drinks it.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. There were far many people there.
There were far so many people there.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. It was good that I rushed out and bought it.
It was so good that I rushed out and bought it.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. He was rude that I lost my temper.
He was so rude that I lost my temper.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Was it expensive to buy?
Was it at all expensive to buy?
___________________________________________________________________________

G. Use your life experience to make statements using the intensifiers (quite/so/at all),
write five statements in past, present or future forms.

@ …
The coffe is so expensive to buy today.
I am not at all interested in buying such expensive coffee.
The sunset emerged on the horizon quite clearly today.
I didn't do any important things at all today in my University ? ,
I think that I didn't make everything was at all tired.

SPEAKING – Life in the countryside! - PAIRS

H. Work with a partner and perform a role-play about a

Job interview, in which student A will be the Director of the
Human Resources Department and student B will be the
applicant for the position. Both learners have to agree on the
position and the roles. Once the role-play will be done, they
have to change their roles.

59
Lesson 3C Movies
Adverbs of Manner

WARM-UP – Climbers and garbage

A. Look at the pictures and discuss the following questions with your classmates.

1. Have you seen these movies?

2. Did you enjoy them?
3. What are their genres?

VOCABULARY – Climbers and garbage

B. Match the words with its definition.

Cast ____
h a. A film, book, or play that develops the story of an earlier film, etc.
By telling you what happened before the events in the first film.
Character c
____ b. Someone who writes the story for a film.
Plot ____
f c. A person represented in a film, play, or story:
Prequel ____
a d. A man who performs stunts, especially instead of an actor in a
film or television program.
Scene ____
g e. A book, film, or play that continues the story of a previous book.
Screenwriter ____
b f. A part of a play or film in which the action stays in one place for a
continuous period of time.
Sequel ____
e g. The actors in a film, play, or show.
Stunt man d
____ h. The story of a book, film, play, etc.:

60
 READING – The Theory of Everything
C. Read the text and share with the class what genre you think this movie belongs to.
“The Theory of Everything”

We are all familiar with the story and with Steven Hawking. His
groundbreaking Book 'A brief History of Time' and devastating disabilities
propelled him irrevocably into the public consciousness and immortal
fame.

But few of us could understand the complexities of his personal life and
the shocking divorce in 1990 from his long sacrificing wife of more than
25 years. Indeed, that episode served to darken his reputation in the minds
of many, including myself, who felt ill at ease with anyone who could leave
a partner who had done so much for him just at the long-awaited moment
when international fame and recognition finally arrived.

This wonderful production, so well scripted and paced from start to finish, serves to explain that
vital anomaly in Hawking's life. And it is made all the rawer as it is based upon the account written
by his wife who had gone through so much.

But it is the breathtaking performance of Eddie Redmayne as Hawking that simply blasted this film
into an extraordinary level. It is difficult enough to mimic so famous a person as Hawking and it is
even more difficult to portray so accurately the debilitating and gradually increasing effects of
Motor Neuron Disease. But to transmit so clearly the profound emotions and inner suffering that
Hawking must have experienced in his agonizing journey was a performance that left me quite
speechless and at times in uncontrollable tears.

Have a good handkerchief ready to hand

Retrieved from: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2980516/reviews

D. Read the text again and answer the following questions with your own words

1. What is “A brief story in time”?

The ttheory of Everything
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Have you seen this movie?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Yes , I do.
3. This movie is a drama a documentary a biopic or a comedy?
Is a biopic.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Do you agree with the writer when he says that Hawking is a very well recognized
figure and why?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yes, because he is a goog person and scientist.

61
GRAMMAR – Adverbs of manner
® Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. They are usually placed
either after the main verb or after the object.

Spelling rules
• Adverbs of manner are usually formed from adjectives by adding –ly:
loud = loudly careful =carefully
• When the adjective finishes in -y, use –ily
easy = easily happy= happily
• When adjectives end in -le : remove the "e" and add –Y.
gentle= gently terrible= terribly
• If adjectives end in –ly we use the phrase in a …. way to express manner
Silly = He behaved in a silly way.
PRACTICE
E. Read the statement and fill in the blanks with the right adverb of manner.

1. She was explaining the class ________________sha

slowly talked about the war. (slow)
2. I drive in this road ______________,
roadly because it is a very difficult road. (careful)
3. Jane was talking _____________
calmly and _____________
softly even though she was really mad (calm /soft)
4. I couldn’t understand the teacher, because she was speaking _________.
quickly (quick)

5. If you do something in a___________

flashly way you will catch the attention of the audience. (flash)
6. I _________
harly can decide between the two options. (hard)
7. The team will do things ____________
carefully because this client I important. (careful)

F. Order the words in the box, decide if it is written as an adjective or adverb

Slowly/ Dangerous/ Regular/ Fast/ Bad/ Funny/ Quick/ Hard/ Lazy/ Angrily/ Hard/ Nice

Adjective Adverb
Slowly Dangerous
Funny Regular
Lazy Fast
Angrily Bad
Quick Hard

Nice

62
 G. Use your life experience to make statements using the adverbs of manners. Write five
statements in past, present or future forms.
@ …

Today I had to take the bus carefully.

In class I have to speak slowly to be understood.
When I train I have to do it carefully so as not to injure myself.
In the mornings I have to wake up quickly so as not to be late.
At home I will play video games silently for my mom.

WRITING – Movie Time!

H. Write a summary about your favorite movie. You must include the reason you liked it.
This must be done in 150 words in length.
@ …

My favorite movies are the action ones, I especially like the Jackie Chan
sequel because I like martial arts and his movements are amazing,
I admire him a lot as an actor and as a person since his lifestyle is very
healthy and he practices sports and he is my role model in dexterity and
agility. Although as a professional I also find it unique and faultless.
He does all his scenes without doubles and I like that a lot about him

SPEAKING – Movie time!

I. Based on the last activity. Create a presentation through pictures of your favorite
movie of all times. Present your movie to your classmates.

63
 Lesson 3D English in action!
Linking words

READING – Parrots humans and monogamy

A. Read the text above and select True or False

Parrots humans and monogamy

When it comes to relationships, most people tend to fall into the monogamous
side of things. Monogamy is a term used to describe a human that is married
or in a relationship to one another and only that human. Basically, they’re
in a faithful relationship that is geared toward building it together as a
whole in economic sentimental and reproductive ways. On the other hand,
some humans follow polygamous relationships. Polygamous relationships are
the polar opposite of a monogamous relationship in which a partner has
multiple partners rather than one.

However, none of that really matters. It all depends on the person and their own individual beliefs.
Since we’re on the subject, you’re probably wondering if parrots are monogamous.

To answer the question…yes, parrots are monogamous. Oddly enough parrots tend to find one
partner and stick with them. In the wild, they’ll stay near each other, find food together, and so on.
Generally speaking, most species of animals are polygamous and aren’t faithful to one another.
However, this isn’t the case with parrots. They look for a partner and under very rare circumstances
do they leave their partner for another or seek another partner at the same time.

a) Monogamy is for humans only ______

T
b) Every animal is polygamous except for parrots F
______
c) Parrots don´t like to be monogamous ______
F
d) Humans are monogamous and polygamous T
______
e) Most animals don´t stick to a partner for their whole life T
______
f) Parrots under very rare circumstances look for one partner T
____

64
GRAMMAR – Linking words of contrast
® We use words and phrases to link two clauses together. We call them linking
words of contrast.

Although, Even though, Though Despite, In spite of

Despite and in spite of go in front of nouns or

Although, even though and though go in gerunds. They can also go at the beginning or
front of a clause. They can go at the middle of sentences.
beginning or middle of a sentence.
**Gerund: verb +ing
Examples: Examples:

• Although James tried so hard to convince • My father is very healthy, despite not
his father, he didn´t let him go to the doing exercise so often.
party.

• He didn´t understand those math • In spite of receiving extra physic classes,

exercises, though his teacher explained he could not understand it clearly.
him for many hours.

• My friend did what she wanted, even • Despite traveling alone, she is dealing
though I gave her my suggestion. with the situation so well.

PRACTICE

B. Read the statement and fill in the spaces with the suitable linker.

Although
a) ________________ it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holyday.
b) ________________
Despite all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong
c) I went to work the next day_____________
in spide of I was still feeling un well

d) She accepted the job _______________

although salary. which was pretty under average
e) They passed the exam _________________
Though it seemed like it was difficult.
f) I managed to get to sleep _______________
despite there was a lot of noise outside
g) I didn´t eat anything _______________
despite the fact I haven´t had breakfast.

65
 C. Use the prompts to make new sentences using the connector.

1. I couldn´t sleep. I was very tired. (despite)

______________________________________________________________________________________
I couldn't sleep. Despite I was very tired.

2. They have very little money. They are happy (in spite of)
______________________________________________________________________________________
In spide of they have very little money. They are happy .

3. My foot was injured. I managed to walk home (although)

______________________________________________________________________________________
Although My foot was injured. I managed to walk home.

4. I enjoyed the film. The story was silly (in spite of)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
In spide of I enjoyed the film. The story was silly.

5. We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other (despite)
______________________________________________________________________________________
Despite we love in the same street. We hardly ever ser each other.

WRITING – It is pretty inspiring

D. Think about a situation of perseverance where the main character overcomes adversity use
as many connectors of contrast as you can and mark them.

@ …
This semester I passed it despite the fact that it was difficult
, despite the difficulties.
Although I prepared myself I had problems despite that everything went well.
Although I had fun, I spent many moments of tension with some subjects
for lessons and tasks.

Speaking – Coming through – GROUPS

E. Make a short video presentation where every member reads their story written above

66
 VOCABULARY BOOSTER
Lesson 3E
Intensifiers and adverbs in action

VOCABULARY – Writing a review

A. Study this useful vocabulary to create a review

Background: Main points of the plot:

The story is set… The book/film relates how..

The story takes place …
This well-written/informative/fascinating
book…
This original first novel…
The book/film tells the story of…
The book/film was written by…
This work is based on…
The plot focuses on..
The story begins/concerns/ is about…
The plot has an unexpected twist…
The plot is (absolutely) thrilling / (rather)
boring/ dull/clever/exciting.

General comments and opinion: Useful language: Recommendations

• It is rather confusing/long/slow/boring • Don’t miss it

• It has a tragic/surprising/dramatic end
• It is beautifully/poorly/badly written
• The story is gripping
• It is an inspiring story
• This book is brilliantly plotted
• It is well worth reading/watching
• It will change the way you see…
• I wouldn’t recommend it because
• I highly/thoroughly recommend it
• It is a bore to read/watch
• It is certainly at the top of my list
• Don’t bother with this one

DEVELOPMENT– What is a Review?

A review is a piece of writing usually written for magazine,

newspaper or website. The main purpose is to describe and
express a personal opinion about something you have
experienced for example: a film, a holiday, a product, a
website.

Structure of a review
Title Mention the name of the film, play, concert, ect.
Introduction Describe what you are reviewing.
1st body paragraph Give the positive aspects
2nd body paragraph Give the negative aspects
Conclusion Summarize your review and give a strong recommendation

67
 Example: Review of a restaurant
Short title

Foster’s Hollywood
Introduction with a phrase
Being a huge fan of traditional American fast food and restaurant styles, it’s no
to catch attention.
wonder that my favourite restaurant in Granada is Foster’s Hollywood.
Give a brief description of
the place
Located smack in the middle of the city, this fast-food chain serves a wide variety
of mouthwatering, American dishes at a reasonable price. These range from
typical Tex-Mex nachos or French fries to more elaborate meals like traditional,
homemade Bourbon steak. And if you’re hungry, it’s the perfect place to go, as Positive aspects of the
their servings are absolutely huge! place

Another cool thing about this place is its magnificent decor. If you’re a film buff,
you will quickly fall in love with this place, since all the walls are covered in
famous movie posters! Apart from that, it’s got a spacious dining hall, super
friendly staff and an outdoor terrace which is absolutely fantastic on summer Negative aspect of the place
nights!

The only negative thing I can say is that it is right next to a gym, which
sometimes makes me feel guilty for eating so much! Conclude the review
with a recommendation
Nevertheless, Foster’s Hollywood offers delicious meals in an unbeatable
atmosphere, so you should definitely give it a try. I promise you won’t regret it!

Retrieved from: https://engxam.com/handbook/how-to-write-a-review-b2-first-fce/

Aspects to take into consideration

1. Title: Try to keep it short. It must be done in two to five words in length.

2. Introduction: It is advisable to make the introduction with some interesting personal

comments. You have to mention the title, the type of movie/book/ and so on., include the
setting / when and where), the main characters, and other information.

Phrases you can use in the introduction are:

• This well-written/ informative / fascinating/ thought-provoking book/film is…
• The film/ book/ is set in
• The film/ book/ tells the story of
• The film/ book/is based on
• The film/starts
• The film is directed by /
• The film/book is the sequel to

3. 1st – 2nd body paragraph: In the 1st and 2nd body paragraphs include the main points of
the plot, and evaluate the acting, writing style, directions, characters, etc. You can also add
what you learnt, found out from the book, etc. Also, you must describe issues in detail and
use one paragraph per issue. Moreover, you must use linkers, sequencing and sophisticated
vocabulary

4. Conclusion /recommendation: In the last paragraph, you must include an overall

evaluation of the film/book, and include a recommendation with a justification. Also, you
need to give reasons to see the film/ read the book.

68
 READING AND WRITING – A movie review

B. Read the example below and identify the vocabulary taken from table above. Then,
rewrite the story with other words form the vocabulary table.

A wonderful movie
I always wanted to watch a movie where women can be empowered and demonstrated their
capabilities. Hence, I watched wonder woman-a friend of mine suggested it!
The story is set on an old America, where our superheroine lived to save the world form the
bad boys. At the beginning I thought, it was about many women fighting, but the plot focuses
on many men fighting and only Diana tried to save the world. I think the story is rather
confusing, long and a quite boring. I wouldn’t recommend it if you are a feminist, but if you
enjoy action scenes, don’t miss it.

Now, Rewrite the review:

TE SILENCE
@

I have always wanted to see a movie, series or book where they express male suffering and not
from a macho visa, but carefully studied the subject so that there is no injury of any kind, but to
express the other side of the coin where men are victims. of bad times and times too and society
misjudges and ignores or minimizes our pain. I hope there is a writing that does not help to launch
our voice.

WRITING – Write your own review

Write a review of a film/book you have read/seen recently. You have to include your opinion
and say whether or not you would recommend it. The review must be done in 190-200 words.
It needs to follow the structure and suggestions covered in this lesson.

WEDNESDAY
This new series is based on the sequel or dynasty of movies about
the Adams Family.Regarding the series, I liked how entertaining and not new, but
I didn't like that they weren't careful with the plot. It didn't look like the previous
movies from which they should follow. The plot was based a lot on fantasies and
modernisms. My opinion is that they should keep part
of the original plot and not wander.
In the end I liked it but it could have been better in my opinion.

69
 Unit 4
LIFE EXPERIENCES

Unit objective:
Learners will be able to
describe their life
experiences mentioning
past events.

Learning outcome:
• Inferring from context
• Producing piece of
writing.
• Listening for specific and
general information
• Mentioning past
experiences connected
with present.
• Describing a dream
• Identifying vocabulary
about
trip
• Reading for specific
information

70
UNIT 4 Life Experiences
Present Perfect; already/just/still/yet; Time Expressions

Lesson 4A Things I’ve done

Present Perfect Simple– Affirmative and Negative Form

VOCABULARY- My Experiences
A. Match the pictures with a word in the box.

1: Opera House

2: Bayterek tower

2 3: Santa Claus house

3 4
4: Blue Ice Iceberg

5: Mogadiscio Port

6: Kalahari Desert
5 6 1

LISTENING – Chicago
B. Listen then fill the gaps.

Welcome to the city that feels like home!

Chicago is bursting with world-class, _________ culture. But at its

heart, it’s a Midwestern city which means a warm _______and
genuine hospitality. No _______ who you are or what you love,
you’ll fit right in exploring famed_________, world-renowned
museums, a jaw-dropping waterfront, _______________ music,
Tony Award-winning theatres, iconic _____________ designed by
legendary architects, over ________ parks and green spaces, one
of the most inclusive LGBTQ+ ____________.
Chicago is cold in the _____________, but it’s nice to have four distinct
seasons, and not many cities have this ____________. Many places have
blended seasons, where there aren’t notable perks to look forward to
each year.
In winter, you can ice skate, go to outdoor _____________ festivals and
markets, and snuggle up for a romantic evening, amidst white,
sparkly snow. In the fall, the __________ on the leaves are breathtaking,
and the summer’s boating and beach season is a known pleasure
around the world. Not many cities have access to beach and water
right in the _____________of the city.

71
GRAMMAR – Present Perfect
§ The Present Perfect is used to indicate an occurred action in an undetermined
time in the past, putting relief in the simple fact of having realized, without
specifying when that action took place.
§ The present perfect is composed of the verb to have and has as an auxiliary verb +
the passive participle of the main verb.
§ All regular verbs have the same form in the passive participle that the past simple:
walked, talked, etc.
This does not happen with irregular verbs like: see, saw, seen; break, broke, broken.

§ Notice that when the simple past is employed, we refer to a past action without
relation to the present, while with the present perfect, we refer to a past action
related to the present.
Also, the present perfect is used to indicate an action that starts in the past and
continues until the present

72
73
 PRACTICE

C. Write the past participle of these verbs:

VERB PAST VERB PAST VERB PAST
PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE
Begin begun Fly Flown Pay paid
Bend bent Fight Fought Quit quitted
Bring brought Forget Forgotten Reset reset
Build built Get Got Rewind rewound
Buy bought Hold Held Ride riden
Choose choosen Keep Kept Shrink shrouk
Deal dealt Lose Lost sing sung
Do been make Made Meet met

D. Choose the correct option:

• Jane have/has been in New York several times

• Charles and Tom have/has done their daily chores
• I have/has called you all day.
• Jane have/has waited so long for this moment to come
• My father have/has worked in this factory since 1997
• We have not /has not cooked anything in the last two weeks
• Cancer have/has claimed many victims in the last couple of years
• You all have/has made a remarkable improvement in your performance
• Shaun have/has shared many beautiful moments with everyone in this room
• Prince Charles have/has been named as king after his mother passed away
• The members of the board have/has decided that the company will make changes

SPEAKING – My last travel experience

E. Let’s remember the place you visited on your last vacation, give details about the
facilities that people have found there, the experience you have had, the food you
have tasted, the activities you have done. Use the present perfect tense to explain
your vacation with any information you consider relevant.

74
 READING – Discovering the world

F. Read the texts and choose one option from the orange box to complete the readings.

Who are they? What have they done? What has happened?

Linda has just walked outside with Grandmother. She wears an apron. So far, she has finished cleaning and
washing. She has also gathered seeds and crumbs. Now Linda and Grandmother are outside. Linda has just
dropped some seeds on the ground to feed the birds. The birds have not come yet. Recently, Grandmother has
moved in with Linda's family. She now enjoys living with them. Grandmother has already sat down on the bench.
She also wears an apron. She has just finished _____________
C

Who is she? What has she done? What has happened?

Recently, it has snowed in Maria's town. In the last week, it has snowed three times. Maria has always loved the
snow. She has played in the snow many times before. Maria's dog, Sparky, has never played in the snow. This is
Sparky's first snow. He has not felt the cold yet. Maria has just received a new sled for Christmas. She puts on her
warm clothes and snow boots. She pulls the sled up the hill. Sparky has run outside with Maria. Sparky has
followed Maria up the hill. He feels good! ___________
A

Who is she? What has she done? What has happened?

Mable Jones lives in Florida in the United States. Her grandchildren live in London, England. They have lived in
London for 3 years. Mable has not seen her grandchildren in over a year. She has talked to her grandchildren on
the phone and through e-mails many times. She has also seen pictures of her grandchildren. They have grown so
much since the last time they visited America. __________
B

a) Sparky has followed Maria all the way down the hill. Sparky has decided that he likes the snow too!

b) Mable knits scarves and blankets to send to her grandchildren in London.

So far, she has knitted two large blankets for her granddaughters. She has also knitted a scarf for each
grandchild.

c) Grandmother and Linda wait for the birds. They have seen birds in the yard before. Grandmother has always
liked to watch the birds. Linda has always liked to feed them.

G. Complete the sentences with the correct information in the text. Use the Present
Perfect Tense.

1. James was the first worker from the old factory, he ___________________________
have worked (work) for
many years and he ___________________
haven't taked (take) no days off since he joined us.
2. James ______________
have traveled(travel) and represented the company in more than 60 occasions,

he__________(visit)
visited many countries on behalf of the company
3. The board members _____________
have talked (talk)about how good of a worker he is, thus it came as

resolution to make him an honorary funding member.

4. As a result of this the company will make a contribution to his retirement fund as a way
to thank him of everything, he accomplished
______________(accomplish) inside the company.

75
Lesson 4B Health Problems
Present Perfect Simple– Questions

VOCABULARY – What´s wrong? - What´s the matter?

A. Look at the picture and fill in the gaps.

a cold

a rash
A broken leg A cold A headache A rash
a toothache

the flu

sunburn

a fever

A cough An earache A fever The flu a broken leg

an earache

a cough

a headache
Sunburn A toothache

Speaking – Health problems

B. Remember the one time you have been sick. Answer the following questions:

I haven’t been sick

What have you had? since last November, I
had COVID-19

How much time have you felt I have been in bed for
bad? around a week…

I have recovered taking

How have you recovered from pills and natural
your illness? medicine.

76
 GRAMMAR – Present Perfect: Questions
PRACTICE
C. Match the questions on the left with the corresponding complement on the
right.
1) Have you lost your keys
2) Have they made the chocolate cake
3) Has he cut her finger
4) Have you had bad days
5) How many matches
6) What shoes have you
7) Where have you studied
8) Who has written the
9) Has she swum
10) Has the CEO of the company
11) Where have I
12) Who has taken you
13) Which is the room that has been painted
3) With the table saw?
1) Recently at the office?
11) Bought last week?
4) recently?
13) By the plastic artist?
12) For the party tonight?
9) The English channel by herself?
10) Checked the end of fiscal year report?
6) Seen you before?
7) Your professional career?
5) To the concert last night?
8) The speech that the president is reading?
2) Have they won in this season?
77
D. Answer the questions below

How many countries have you traveled to?

I haven't treveled anyone.
______________________________________________________________
What interesting food have you eaten?
I like so much shrimp ceviche.
______________________________________________________________
What famous person have you seen?
Anyone
______________________________________________________________
Where have you lived in recent years?
In Babahoyo city.
______________________________________________________________
What languages have you learned in your life?
The English.
______________________________________________________________
Have you done dangerous things before?
Only train TAE- KWON-DO.
______________________________________________________________
How much money have you spent today?
In the university 10 or 15 dolars
______________________________________________________________
Have you ever seen a ghost?
Yes put only in the movies.
______________________________________________________________
What cities have you been to?
I have not traveled much.
______________________________________________________________
Have you made your homework?
Yes, I have to do my homework.
______________________________________________________________

E. Make a small interview with the questions above choose at least three, work
in pairs and record yourselves. Both interviews can last up to one minute. You
can make questions of your own if you want to.

78
 F. Read the text and mark with blue the sentences that look like present perfect
and in green the sentences that are in present perfect.

Hello dear
I hope things are good for you these days. I´ve got a
lot of news for you! I´ve just started my new school
year and this time we have to wear uniforms, it´s
weird because is black and white and has a plaided
tie and a burgundy pull-over, I don´t know who has
such an awful taste. In other news I have changed
my hairstyle now is short and just like prince Diana
used to have. The best news that I have for you is
that lucky has now three kittens, they have little
paws and whiskers that are the cutest that I have
ever seen.
Ryan is fine he is really happy at the moment because he has bought a new PS5 game
console he has been stuck in front of the TV weeks by now and he is really enjoying
the things he has. My parents are also fine and missing you and all of the good times
we have had together.
My father had a relapse on his back pain he has gained some weight and that is why
he has trouble being standing for too long, any how I hope to hear from you soon
and know when are you coming to visit us, we have so much to catch up to I feel like
I haven´t seen you in years.
Miss you so much have a nice day write back or call me soon.

SPEAKING – Record a video answer

G. Record a video answer from the email above use the elements on the email to answer,
feel free to add topics of your own the video shouldn´t be longer than a minute and a half
long.

79
Lesson 4C I have already visited…
Present Perfect Simple– Just, Still, Already and Yet

Warm-up – Reading – Renovation

A. Read and mark the adverbs, then choose the correct information.

My kitchen was very needing a renovation

and a contractor came to my house to paint
it. he came at 08:00. I showed him what to
do, he said that by the end of the day will be
already done, so I trusted his word and left.
After half an hour, I came back to see how
things went, I found the man still waiting for
me to bring him and his crew breakfast. He
said that they couldn´t start with an empty
stomach. I brought them breakfast and it
was already 09:00 I asked him to hurry
because I didn´t have time to waste. Then I
left, by the time I came back I found the
contractor sipping coffee and still nothing was moved nor painted. He told me to take it easy and
not to worry that the job was very easy to complete and that he didn´t want to go home yet, due
to some problems with her wife. I had to leave to my work place because had some things to
manage that were supposed to be taken care of already, sadly it wasn´t the case.

When I got to the office everything was a mess, two meetings that were not supposed to happen
were happening at the same time and I wasn´t there on time to solve them, there I was with two
mad clients asking me why I just appeared that late, I told them that their issues with the company
are already being taken care of and with a little lie sent them off, after all this happened the clock
already marked 14:00, I called the contractor and he told me he has already begun with the
repairing, I calmed down had lunch and then went back to work the day wasn´t over yet, I called
the man at 17:00 before leaving the office to ask what he had done and he said that he had just
left the house and that he finished all the cleaning and making of the reparations. Imagine my
surprise when I get home that not even a single wall was painted, not a single tile was installed,
the new kitchen sink was still wrapped and the old one was still in the same place, and to top it
all off had already paid him.

The article is about….

a. Someone who started doing something and didn´t finish it
b. Someone who started doing something and finished it
c. Someone who didn´t do nothing and charged for it

80
 B. Are these sentences true or false?

a) The contractor did everything he was asked to do ( T )

b) He had a lot of free time in the office ( F )
c) At the end of the day he called the contractor ( T )
d) The contractor started right away first time in the morning ( F )
e) The contractor fooled the man ( T )
f) The man was very happy at the end of the day ( F )

GRAMMAR – Just, yet, still, already

® Just. - Used only with Present Perfect and it means “a short time ago”.
§ Ex: Mike has just called. Can you ring him back please?

® Yet. - used to talk about something expected to happen. It means “at any time up
to now”. It is used in questions and negatives at the end of the sentence.
§ Ex: I haven´t finished my homework yet

® Still. - used to talk about something that hasn´t finished, especially when we
expected it to finish earlier.
§ Ex: You promised to give me the report yesterday and you still
haven´t finished it.

® Already. - Used to say that something has happened early.

§ Ex: I´ve already spent my salary and it´s 2 weeks before pay day

81
82
PRACTICE
C. Read and order the sentences using just, yet, already and still.

She /already /to meet /all her neighbors in a week

__________________________________________________________________________
She to meet already all her neighbors in a week.

Arrive / the postman/ yet?

__________________________________________________________________________
The postman hasn't arrive yet?

You/ be bored/ yet/ at your job?

__________________________________________________________________________
You be bored at your job yet?

I /not be /yet /at your new house

__________________________________________________________________________
I not be yet at your new house.

He/ have just/ a shower

__________________________________________________________________________
He have just a shower

The program/ not start / yet

__________________________________________________________________________
The program not start yet.

We / watch already / that film twice

__________________________________________________________________________
We already watch that film twice.

You / not miss yet / the bus

__________________________________________________________________________
You not miss the bus yet.

D. Correct the correct answer: still, yet, since, for, already

already

Yet

since

For
Yet

Already
since

since

83
 E. WATCH
Watch this video about the usage of already yet and still in case you need some
reinforcement

Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZTYMlR6mlQ

F. WRITING

Write a composition about your travel experiences. Name two things that
you have already done and two things you haven´t done yet. Must be 80-
100 words in length
____________________________________________________________________________

Hi, I'm Hector, I finished elementary school,

____________________________________________________________________________

I've traveled to cities in Ecuador, although

____________________________________________________________________________

I don't know other countries yet.

____________________________________________________________________________

I'm still studying at the university,

____________________________________________________________________________

although I already did a degree.

____________________________________________________________________________

G. SPEAKING

Students have to make groups and talk to each other exposing the text written
in the previous exercise, you can make a small presentation if it is in
homework format or just in spoken production in case of it being in class
format

84
Lesson 4D Have you ever…?
Present Perfect Simple– ever, never, for, since

WARM UP GAME – My Activities

A. Read the clues and fill in the missing words using the past participle.

• Have you ever been in a Zara store?

___________________________________________________________________________________________
I've never been there.

• Have you ever found clothes you could fit in zara?

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Not yet

• Have you ever worked in one of those stores?

___________________________________________________________________________________________
I have never worked there.

• Have you ever been able to compare zara stores from you country to the other ones elsewhere?

___________________________________________________________________________________________
There are still no such stores here

85
GRAMMAR – Present Perfect: never, ever, for an since

86
 PRACTICE

B. Complete these sentences using Since or For C. Complete these sentences using Present
1. __________
since ten o´clock Perfect and Since or For
2. __________
For Christmas
3. __________ last summer
Since 1. Joe_________(be)
've been at this school_______
for five
4. __________
Fot ten minutes years.
5. __________
Since one month 2. Where is Alison? I ______(not
since see) her this
6. __________
For my birthday morning.
7. __________ the lat lesson
For 3. Mr. Wayne __________
knowed (know) his
8. __________
Since a long time wife__________ they were both small
since
9. __________
For a week children.
10. __________
For the beginning of the term 4. Benhasn't
______(not
see see) his uncle ____
For several

11. __________
Since ages years.
12. __________
For we met the last time 5. John haven't
__________(not
been be) very well _______
since
Monday.
6. My brother ________(have)
've his new
D. Use the prompts to make questions mountain bike ________Since two days
1. Your father /pay the bill? 7. They 've________(live)
lived here _______
since they came

_____________________________________
You father never play the bill?
from Spain.
2. Peter/loose his keys?
_____________________________________
Peter ever lose his keys?
E. Use never or ever
3. Susan/come back?
_____________________________________
Susan never come back? 1. Have you __________
never eaten Chinese food?
4. You /hear about mary? 2. Has your sister__________
never had a car?
_____________________________________
You never hear about Mary? 3. We have ______________
ever visited your town.
5. Everybody/ go home ? 4. We have_________
ever drunk wine.
_____________________________________
Everybody ever go Home? 5. This is the nicest place I have _______
never seen.
6. Where /your nieghbours / go? 6. Have your friends __________
ever read that
_____________________________________
Where ever go your nieghbours? book?
7. Why/you/ get lots of presents ? 7. I have ________
never. hacked someone´s profile.
_____________________________________
Why You ever get lost of presents?
8. This the vest film I have __________
never seen.
8. What/your mother/cook for dinner ? 9. Have you _______ seen Ariana Grande
never
_____________________________________
What your mother never Cook for dinner?
perform?
9. Where/diana/put her bag? 10. I have _________
ever been outside of the
_____________________________________
Where never Diana put her bag?
country.

SPEAKING – ROUTINES - PAIRS

F. Discuss with your classmates about your routines. Talk about routines you
have had since you were a child, and for how long you’re keeping them. Also,
explain routines you have never had, but you wish to have it.

87
 LISTENING - The house.
G. In this listening exercise, you are going to hear someone talking about a haunted
house and his experience owning it then answer the questions below.

Since when has the family owned the house?

_____________________________________________________
Has the author seen any ghosts?
_____________________________________________________
Why has the family taken care of the house?
_____________________________________________________
Since when has the house been cursed?
_____________________________________________________
Have you ever seen anything related to paranormal activity?
_____________________________________________________________________

H. Make a group of three people. Create a brainstorm about the places that
you know are cursed.

In general, in my country and in each city there are urban legends

about events that have taken place, but generally I don't believe
in the paranormal, although many people think otherwise.

I. Then, make a short video presentation with one of the cursed places that are on the
brainstorm.

88
 VOCABULARY BOOSTER
Lesson 4E
Sports

A. Match the pictures with the vocabulary in the box.

Swim Surf

biking
water-ski
Skateboard Biking karate
swim
surf
skateboard

Water-ski Karate

Speaking – Sports
Use Expressions
B. Discuss with your partner about the sports you have practiced.
a) Which sport has been your favorite since you were a child?
Just – Already
b) Which sport(s) have you practiced? Still – Yet - Ever
c) Have you won any prize before? Never – For - Since

d) Do you feel it has been good to exercise?

89
 DEVELOPMENT – 5 minutes Pitch (Presentation)

In real professional life, you will have to make a good first impression when talking about
a Research project proposal, a job opportunity or a scholarship interview. There’s a
strategy called 5 minutes Pitch, when you have to present all your ideas in just 5 minutes
to the targeted audience. Here we present you some guidelines to maximize those precious
5 minutes.
1. First Impression Matters – 30 seconds: Open with an introduction of yourself, your
team, and your company (if this is about an investment project). The elevator pitch
should concisely summarize your business model and startup vision. If you are
presenting just yourself, talk about your abilities and skills, and the relevant
information that makes you different for the rest.
2. The Problem – 70 seconds: After setting the stage, highlight the gap in the market and
justify to the audience why this problem is worth tackling. Draw them in with a story
detailing how your target market persona is affected by the problem at hand. Help them
understand the complexity of the problem, and the urgency to take action and fulfill
customers’ needs. This also sets the prelude for you to demonstrate the sustainability
of your solution.
3. The Solution – 90 seconds: This is the time for you to highlight your ides to solve the
problem is unique selling proposition and show how you’ll rise above other ideas. Your
audience needs to know that your solution is not only innovative, but also feasible. You
can further support your case with findings from needs analysis and user tests.
Pro-tip: Visual aids and prototype demos reinforces your ideas’ benefits and helps the
audience better visualize how it works.
4. Money Matters – 50 seconds: If we are talking about any problem, cost are relevant. Let
the audience know how much it is needed to be invested to make a change. If you’re
applying for a scholarship, let the benefactors know how you will take advantage of
those resources in your professional training, and how you will reattribute those
investments to the society.

90
5. Wrap Up – 30 + 30 seconds: As you draw to a close, send the audience a call to action.
Reiterate two most significant points from your pitch to achieve impact. Emphasize that
NOW is the golden time for change. Also, be prepared to take questions from here on.
Also, allocate a safety buffer of 30 seconds to accommodate any interruptions or to
troubleshoot unexpected problems during the pitch.
6. If you have concluded your pitch smoothly with remaining time to spare, ask audience
for feedback. It’s a great opportunity to leverage on their experience to refine your pitch,
business model, and even get advice on how to improve your idea.

SPEAKING – It’s time to impress! - GROUPS

C. Watch the following video in Zoom groups.

Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7u0cKqRPYhY

D. You will present a research project idea to an important audience. Select one topic that
you all feel confident to talk (Examples: “Poverty in Babahoyo”, “Malnutrition in
infants”, “Production problems in Rural areas”, “Lack of attention in virtual classes”).
Then you will look for information on the web about the topic you choose. The activity
will consist in:
1. Review information about the problem.
2. Create a 5 minutes pitch presentation, considering team presentation, problem,
solution, investment and wrap-up.
4. You will work in groups in class to create your presentation.
5. Next class, all the groups will present your 5 minutes pitch.

91
 E. Lightning quiz on present perfect

has Have

Have Have

Has Has

Have Have

Have Have

They have cleaned They haven't gone to the park

You have finished She hasn't done the shopping.
She has played
The twins have broken the Windows.
She hasn't known I haven't learned new words .
You have bought Patsy hasn't cut her finger
I have run We haven't seen the film
He has found
Anne hasn't lost her mobile phone
We haven't forgotten
They haven't stolen the lipstick.
We have sung
Sam hasn't built a tree house.
It have rained
Jeff hasn't made pizza.

E – Which answer is correct?

92
 Unit 5
OUR WORLD

Unit objective:
Learners will be able to
describe past events
which are connected with
present time or not.

Learning outcome:
• Inferring from context
• Producing piece of
writing.
• Listening for specific and
general information
• Mentioning past
experiences
• Ask for clarification
• Show their opinion
indirectly
• Identifying vocabulary
about search engines
• Reading for specific
information

93
 UNIT 5 Our world
Past simple, reported speech, present perfect simple.

Lesson 5A Climate change

Past Simple, affirmative, negative and question forms
VOCABULARY – Climate change
A. Match the words with the pictures in the box.

CLIMATE CHANGE: The signs are here! LISTENING - PAIRS

B. Listen to the audio and answer true or false,
correct wrong statements:
1. Floods 2. food shortage
3. Forest fires 4. Drought DON’T WASTE WATER!!

1. The man was in the shower for more than 30

minutes. ____
___________________________________________________
a) _____
4 _____________________________________________________

2. The man wasted 20 gallons during his

shower. _____
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
b) _____
2

3. His water bill was $ 130 last month. _____

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
c) _____
3
4. The man has a lot of money because he has a
good job. _____
______________________________________
______________________________________

5. The woman suggests that her brother do

d) _____
1 not take showers to save money.
_____
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
_______________
SPEAKING - PAIRS
C. Have you heard about any problem related to climate change that
happened recently in your country? Discuss:

What happened? And where?

Is there any loss of natural resources?
Do you think this can be prevented? How?

94
GRAMMAR –Simple Past
® The past simple is used to describe an action that occurred in a determined time of
the past.
® The past simple tense is formed with the majority of verbs, just adding the ED. This
form is equal to all the persons of the singular and plural.
® If the verb ends in –E, just add D. like- liked
® If the verb ends in Y preceded by a consonant, the –y is changed by –i and add –ed.
study – studied
® If the verb ends in a simple consonant, preceded by an accented vowel, double the
consonant before adding ED. stop – stopped
® For example:
§ I wanted to dance.
§ They learned English.

® The rest of the verbs are irregular and must be memorized because they do not
follow any rule. break- broke take-took go-went
® For example:
§ He swam in the sea last week.
§ We went to the cinema last night.

® The auxiliary that you use for making negative Sentences is didn´t, and for
interrogative is did.
Affirmative Negative

Question

95
PRACTICE
D. Complete each sentence with the correct past simple form.

1. She ___________
carried (carry) her suitcase to the bus.
2. They ___________ (stop) in the park to play football.
Stopped
3. The children ___________
hurry (hurry) to the playground.
4. Where did you get off _ (you / get off) the train?
5. I_ didn't change (not / change) trains at Victoria.
6. We Woke up (wake up) very late.
7. What He ive _ (he / give) his mother for Christmas?
8. I _ Receives (receive) £300 when my uncle
died _(die).
9. We didn't used (not / use) the computer last night.
10. _ Did She make (she / make) good coffee?
11. They _ lived (live) in Paris.
12. She read _(read) the newspaper yesterday.
13. Grandma ___________
dropped (drop) the cup.
14. The family ___________
traveled (travel) to Spain.
15. The baby ___________
cried (cry) because he was hungry.

E. Complete the following sentences with using past simple.

1. I ______________
didn't take your umbrella. (not / to take)
2. The teacher ______________
gave us a lot of homework last week. (to give)
3. Who ______________
did you ______________
to see yesterday? (to see)
4. ______________
Did to turn on the light? (to turn on)
he ______________
didn't finish our report yesterday. (not / to finish)
5. We ______________
6. ______________
Did she ______________
tried to lose weight? (to try)
got married in 2010. (to get married)
7. They ______________
8. Why ______________
did Kate ______________?
cried (to cry)
9. ______________
Did you ______________
Sleeped well last night? (to sleep)
10. I ______________
stayed up her house last week. (to stay at)
11. We didn't catched a lot of fish last Sunday. (not / to catch)
______________
12. When ______________
did you ______________
have picnic last time? (to have)
13. He didn't went to the cinema with her. (not / to go)
______________
Did
14. ______________ smoke yesterday? (to smoke)
she ______________
did
15. What ______________ study at university? (to study)
they ______________
16. I ______________
worked for this company last year. (to work for)
17. He ______________ her on their last date. (to kiss)
kiss
18. What ______________
Did we ______________
buy yesterday? (to buy)
19. ______________ she ______________
Did spend all her money yesterday? (to spend)
20. They ______________ at the concert last night. (not / to sing)
didn't sung

96
 READING - I am Malala
F. Read about Malala’s life, then fill in the gaps with the correct missing word on the box.
Malala Yousafzai, the 14-year-old girl who was shot
in the head by the Taliban in Pakistan last week, has
been flown to Britain for (1) ____a care. The youngster
was seriously wounded (2) ____ a she sat on a bus
going to school. She was targeted (3) ____a the Taliban
for campaigning for the rights of girls in Pakistan to
have an education. The Taliban says she and her
family will still be targets if she continues to promote
education for girls. Malala needs (4) ____a treatment
b by what Pakistani
for a damaged skull, (5) ____
doctors called "intensive neuro-rehabilitation". The
hospital has specialist facilities for gunshot wounds
and head injuries and has treated hundreds of
d injured from Afghanistan.
soldiers (6) ____

Malala has been campaigning since she was 11. Wikipedia says (7) ____ c her: "She is known
for her education and women's rights activism in the Swat Valley, where the Taliban has
b times banned girls from attending school. In early 2009, at the age of 11, Yousafzai
(8) ____
a to prominence through a blog she wrote for the BBC detailing her life (10) ____
(9) ____ b the
Taliban regime…and her views on promoting education for girls." It added: "She
has…been nominated for the International Children's Peace Prize by Desmond Tutu, and
b U.K. prime minister Gordon
has won Pakistan's first National Youth Peace Prize." (11) ____
Brown has started an online (12) ____c called "I am Malala," campaigning for the rights of
61 million children to go to school.

Retrieved from: https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1210/121016-malala_yousafzai.html

WRITING – Jane Goodall

G. Have you heard about Jane Goodall? Look for information in the web and try to
write abiography of her. Write a composition of 100 words. Include past simple in
your writing.

97
Lesson 5B Extreme world
Present Perfect Vs Past Simple
VOCABULARY- Extreme sports

A. Match the pictures with a word in the box.

a. downhill
mountain
C D B biking
b. rafting
c. parachuting
d. volcano
boarding
e. trekking
D A E d. heli-skiing

GRAMMAR – Present Perfect vs Simple Past

98
 PRACTICE:
B. Match the two halves of the sentences.

____
6 a. Have / haven’t
1. Paula and James … to Paris several times
_______
8 b. Did / visit
2. My family and I … at home last Saturday
_______
2 c. were / was
3. … you and Sarah see the movie yesterday?
3
_______ d. Did
4. (A) … you ever seen a ghost? (B) No, I ….
5. Have they ever … in a hot air balloon? _______
5 e. flown
6. (A) Did you have a good time? (B) Yes, we …. _______
4 f. weren’t
7. (A) Why … you at the hospital? (B) I … sick. _______
7 g. did
8. … Maria … London and Madrid
_______
1 h. have traveled

C. Complete the sentences using Present Perfect or Past Simple

1. I _________________
saw (see) three police cars this morning (it's still morning).
2. After he _________________ (arrive) home, he _________________
arrived unpacked (unpack) and
_________________
went (go) to bed early.
3. A: What's wrong?
B: I _________________
broke (break) a glass!
4. My grandparents only _________________
knew (know) each other for a few months
before they _________________
got (get) married.
5. I _________________
was (be) in London for three years. I love it here.
6. We _________________
saw (see) Julie last night.
7. He _________________ (be) a teacher before he _________________
was become (become) a
musician.
8. When the boss _________________
walked (walk) into the room, we _________________
know
(know) someone was going to get fired.
9. The children _________________
broke (break) a window in the school last week.
10. He _________________ (see) that film last year
saw

D. Select the correct option:

I've written to Sarah _______. We have played ______ one hour.

? recently ? since
? last week ? for
We have waited ______ two years. Have you eaten Italian food ______?
? since ? before
? for ? already
I've been living here _____ the end of last year. I haven't seen Tom ______ a long time.
? since How is he?
? in ? for
It's ages ______ I last went to a football match. ? since
? for He ______ today's car race.
? since ? has won
? won
99
 READING- Global warming is human made

E. Read and answer the following questions.

GLOBAL WARMING IS HUMAN MADE 1. What causes the global

Findings from a new study released Friday proves that warming?
global warming is caused by human activity, and not by
_________________________________
The human Activity.
natural environmental factors. Researchers at the Scripps
Institute of Oceanography have found clear evidence of 2. Where have the evidence
human-produced warming in the world's oceans that is found?
likely to impact water resources in regions around the globe. Clear evidencia of human
This finding removes much of the uncertainty associated _______________________________
Produce warming.

with debates about global warming. Many world leaders 3. Why do the world’s leader
have closed their ears to this fact so they don’t have to limit close their ears about the
their economic activity or introduce expensive pollution
controls. This is one of the reasons America has not signed global warming?
They don't have to limit their
the Kyoto Treaty on climate change. The US government _______________________________
economicactivity.
prefers to believe global warming is a natural phenomenon,
4. What do the US government
caused by volcanoes and solar energy. Professor Tim
Barnett said, “This is perhaps the most compelling evidence think about global warming?
They prefers to believe is a natural
yet that global warming is happening right now and it shows _______________________________
phenomenon
that we can successfully simulate its past and likely future
evolution.” Barnett said the results hold implications for 5. According to the text, where
millions of people in the near future. In the decades will be felt the changes?
immediately ahead, the changes will be felt in regional water _______________________________
Regional water supplies.
supplies, including areas impacted by accelerated glacier
melting in the South American Andes and in western China,
putting millions of people at risk without adequate
summertime water. Perhaps more countries have signed up
to the Kyoto Protocol.
Retrieved from: https://breakingnewsenglish.com/0502/19.globalWarming.html

SPEAKING – Experiences

F. PAIRS. Think of answers to these questions? Then tell your classmate about your family.

Where have you traveled recently?

Was there an adventurous travel? Why?
Have you ever practiced extreme sports?
Did you hurt yourself practicing it?
What is the most difficult activity have you done?
Where did you do it?
Have you ever eaten an exotic food?
Did you like it? Why?

100
WRITING – Around my Country
G. Write a composition about the Ecuador. Think about:
Have you ever visited any adventurous place in Ecuador? Which region have you loved the
most? Why? Have you visited the beaches? What about the mountains?
Have you been in the forest? Have you ever been in Galapagos? Have you ever practiced the
extreme sports that these places offer?

@ …

Ecuador is a beautiful multiethnic and multicultural country, surrounded

by beautiful landscapes, friendly people and dream places.My favorite region
is the Coast, I love its rivers and tourist places as well as its variety of
typicaldishes.
Unfortunately, I have not yet visited all of my beautiful Ecuador. I have not yet
visited the Galapagos, but I would like to do at least one extreme sport in that
magical place.

101
Lesson 5C Nowadays
Reported speech

VOCABULARY - Synonyms
A. Read the statements below, then answer: Which word in the box has a different
meaning to the word in bold?

1. Nowadays, I am living with my parents.

actually currently really indeed
2. Ecuador’s education has improved since 2010.
enhanced turn expand work
3. Technology has changed people life.
important altered knowledge techniques
4. Hospital’s managers have to master health policies.
degree doctors dominate condition
5. The former president told the truth.
statement documents pets veracity

SPEAKING

B. In pairs. From activity A. you will use one synonym of

each statement to explain why is important for you to
study English.
Why English is important Nowadays?
Is it important for your studies/profession? Why?

102
GRAMMAR – Reported Speech
® Reported speech is when we tell someone what another person said. To do this, we
can use direct speech or indirect speech.
o direct speech: 'I work in a bank,' said Daniel.
o indirect speech: Daniel said that he worked in a bank.

® In indirect speech, we often use a tense which is 'further back' in the past
(e.g. worked) than the tense originally used (e.g. work). This is called
'backshift'. We also may need to change other words that were used, for
example pronouns.
® When we backshift, present simple changes to past simple, present
continuous changes to past continuous
® For Example:
§ 'I travel a lot in my job.'
o Jamila said that she travelled a lot in her job.
§ 'The baby's sleeping!'
o He told me the baby was sleeping.

103
PRACTICE
B. Complete with the corresponding reported speech.

1. Benjamin: "I often have a big hamburger."

Benjamin says (that) ____________________________________________________.
he often have a big hamburger.

2. Hannah: "They live in Boston."

She lived in Boston.
Hannah said (that) ____________________________________________________.

3. Tyler: "Ian doesn't invite girls to his parties."

He hasn't invited girls to this parties.
Tyler told me (that) ____________________________________________________.

4. Dominic: "She understands Japanese."

She has understands Japanese.
Dominic remarks (that) ____________________________________________________.

5. Sophia: "Bella doesn't collect stickers."

She hasn't collected stickers.
Sophia explains (that) ____________________________________________________.

6. Robert: "Dennis often downloads the latest tunes."

He downloads the latest tunes.
Robert added (that) ____________________________________________________.

7. Olivia: "Leroy is out riding his new waveboard today."

he has out riding new waveboard today.
Olivia explained (that) ____________________________________________________.

8. Luke: "I don't know what to do."

He hasn't known what to do.
Luke added (that) ____________________________________________________.

9. Lily: "Mr Jones is rude to Samantha."

Lily thinks (that) ____________________________________________________.
He has rude to Samantha.

10. James and David: "We have to go now."

James and David tell me (that) They have to go now.
____________________________________________________.
READING – World water day
D. Read the following article about Water.

104
 WORLD WATER DAY
Humanity needs water, and every drop is precious. On March 22nd, World Water Day is a day
to celebrate water and make a difference for people who do not have the water they need.

We ALL need Water!!

Did you know that in the UK every person uses about 150 liters of water every day and most
of the water we use is to flush the toilet? Let’s take a minute to think about the water we use.
The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are
thirsty, we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass
with clean water. We also need water for cooking.
Imagine trying to cook pasta or rice without
water! We have toilets in our houses and when we
want to brush our teeth or have a shower, we use
the bathroom. We use water indirectly too.
Farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water
to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light
or switch on a TV or a computer, we use energy
and we need water to produce this energy.

The truth about water

The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not
the case for many people around the world. Did you know that around 750 million people do
not have clean water to drink? That’s around 1 in 10 people in the world. And did you know
that 2.5 billion people do not have clean toilets? That’s about 1 in 3 people in the world.

But, what does it mean?

If we drink dirty water or we can’t wash our hands when we go to the toilet, we can catch
diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhea
from dirty water. That’s around 1,400 children every day! In Ghana, 80% of all diseases are
from dirty water, in Nigeria, 70% of people don’t have toilets and in Nicaragua, 80% of people
don’t have clean drinking water. Also, in some countries, children walk many kilometers every
day to get water and sometimes the water isn’t even clean! If children walk many hours a day
to get water, they can’t go to school so they don’t learn how to read or write and don’t get an
education.

Water for Everyone

In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water. On this day
every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of
dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world.
People organize events to raise money and this money helps countries like Nigeria or
Nicaragua get clean water to its people so that children don’t die from diarrhea and so that
they can go to school.
For World Water Day, some people in the UK walk, run or cycle 10km, others climb
mountains or even jump from an airplane and skydive to the ground. At one school children
between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with 6 liters of water so they can see how it feels to
walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles of water. People give them money to do these

105
 things and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the
world.
Retrieved from: https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/study-break/magazine-zone/world-water-day

E. Read again and complete the table according to the article:

1. World water day is on March 12th. F

_________
2. Every person in UK uses 150 of water taking a shower. F
_________
3. The human body is 60% water. T
_________
4. 150 million people do not have clean water to drink. _________
F
5. 1 in 10 people in the world do not have clean water to drink. _________
F
6. All the people in the world have clean toilets. _________
F
7. Every year more than half millions of children die because of
illness associated with dirty Water. T
______

F. Complete the sentences according to the information in the article.

1. In the UK people use about _________________

150 liters of water a day.
2. The human body is _________________
60% water.
3. _________________
150 million people around the world do not have clean water.
4. _________________
750 billion people around the world do not have clean toilets.
5. 500.000
_________________ children die from diarrhea from dirty water every day.
6. In Nigeria _________________of
70% people don’t have toilets.
7. In Nicaragua _________________
80% of people don’t have clean drinking water.
8. The World Day for Water is in March _________________every
22nd year.
9. For World Water Day in the UK, people walk, run or cycle _________________
10km
to help people who don’t have clean water.
10. In the UK children walk 6km with _________________
6 liters of water to raise
money for World Water Day.

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Lesson 5D This is a difficult stage, isn’t it?
Tag Questions

WARM UP – Tag Questions

A. Watch the YouTube video and then, fill in the space with the grammar structure you hear.

Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWwcWk4q2OU

a. Road trip are great, ____________

aren't they h. They look almost exactly the same,
b. He is very proud of everything he ____________
don't they?
gets right, ____________
Isn't? i. Kevin has a big surprise in store
c. Lala is amazing, ____________
isn't she? ____________
doesn't he?
d. He is kind of spongy, ____________
isn't he? j. He didn’t ask for an increase,
e. A pen is a simple thing, ____________
isn't it? ____________
did he?
f. They are a pretty good team, k. He hasn´t been clear on this
____________
aren't they? question, ____________
has he?
g. Series developer make serious l. They have learned over the last week,
income, ____________
don't they? ____________
haven't that?

VOCABULARY- Landscapes
B. Match the pictures with a word in the box.

a. forest
b. river
c. lagoon
d b c d. volcano
e. waterfall
d. mountain

d e a

107
GRAMMAR – Tag Questions
® It is a statement followed by a mini- question. We use tag
questions to ask for confirmation.
® The tone of voice at the moment of using question tag can
indicate:
1. If rising intonation, it is a real question.
§
2. If intonation falls, it is not a real question-
§
sarcastic comment.
Structures:
® Affirmative ----------------------- negative
® Negative --------------------------- affirmative
Examples:
§ She plays soccer, doesn´t she?
§ We didn’t come at home, did we?
§ She isn´t from Ecuador, is she?
§ Susy and peter have developed a new program,
haven’t they?
§ I was doing an exercise, wasn´t I?
§ He can´t talk fast, can he?
§ They should start a new life style, shouldn´t they?

® For example:
§ She has lived here all her life (Regular)
§ They have written three letters already. (Irregular)
§ He has finished his homework (Regular)

PRACTICE.
B. Complete the sentences with the correct Tag Question.

a. She rides horses, ____________

doesn't she? C. Complete using Tag Question.
b. I am so silly, ____________
wasn't I? a. We can swim fast, ___________
can't we?

c. His hat isn't old, ____________

is he? b. It never snows in spring, _________
isn't it?

d. He doesn’t play chess, doesn't

____________
she? c. You are a pirate, ___________
aren't You?

e. There isn’t a butterfly, ____________

is she? d. Our bus has arrived, haven't
___________
our?
f. You have a pet, ____________
haven't You? e. He doesn’t speak French_________
Has he?
g. Lions aren't small, ____________
aren't he? f. There are some bees, ___________
aren't they?

h. The beach was nice, ____________

wasn't it? g. Penguins can't fly, ___________
Can they?
i. I work late today, ____________
Wasn't I? h. His train is never on time, Isn't
________
he?

j. There isn't a river, ____________

Is it? i. We have got guns, ___________
haven't we?
j. There are a lot of roses, ___________
aren't it?

108
 READING – Brazil
C. Read the following article about Brazil. Then answer the questions below the text.

BRAZIL

Brazil, the largest country in South

America, has a population of 208 million
and a territory of 3,287,956 square miles
(8,515,767 km2).

Having once been a Portuguese colony,

Brazil today has had a very ethnically
diverse population, with half of the
residents identifying as mixed race, and
notable Asian and indigenous
minorities.

Since the Amazon River basin is located in Brazil, the vast tropical forest around it
accounts for much of Brazil's territory. The Amazon rainforest has been a protected
habitat for several decades (natural home of an animal or plant), unique not only for
its rich wildlife but also because some 70 isolated tribes still live in it.

Due to heavy industrialization, this natural heritage of Brazil has recently been
threatened by mining, oil extraction, and dam building.
Retrieved from: https://www.really-learn-english.com/english-reading-comprehension-largest-countries-in-the-
world.html

D. According to what you read, please answer the following questions:

1. Brazil is very big __________
True
2. Brazil territory is 208 million of km__________
True
3. All the population are Asian and indigenous__________
True
4. The amazon rainforest has been protected for years__________
True
5. 70 tribes live in Brazil__________
True

WRITING - Do you enjoy nature?

E. Imagine you have recently visited a Natural Protected Area (Niagara’s Waterfall,
Amazon Forest, Uyuni Salt Flats, Machu Picchu, among others). Write a short
composition (120 words) mentioned:
• Why did you choose this place?
• Did you enjoy it?
• Would you return?
Use Simple Past, Present perfect, Reported Speech and question tag, at least once each one.

109
 LISTENING – Parent – teacher meeting

F. A mother speaks to a teacher about her son's progress and behavior. Listen to the mp3
file and complete these questions from the listening. Then listen again to check.

1. You're his English teacher, ?

2. That's the case, ?

3. I'm sure that's helpful, ?

4. And he's enjoying doing this extra spelling work at home, ?

5. You don't think there's anything more serious wrong with him, ?

6. You've heard of dyslexia, ?

7. But you're not seriously suggesting Billy has dyslexia, ?

8. This wouldn't be a problem for you, ?

A. Decide if the following statements about the listening are TRUE, FALSE or
NOT STATED.

1. Maggie is Billy’s mother

True False Not Stated
2. The family left Los Angeles 3 years ago.
True False Not Stated
3. The teacher believes there hasn't really been an improvement since last years.
True False Not Stated
4. Billy's mother didn't know that he had a story published by the school.
True False Not Stated
5. Billy's mother has never listened about Billy's spelling problems.
True False Not Stated
6. Billy's sister Kathy has similar problems.
True False Not Stated
7. The school teacher is married.
True False Not Stated
8. The teacher had dyslexia himself when he was much younger.
True False Not Stated

110
Lesson 5E VOCABULARY BOOSTER
Global Warming

VOCABULARY – GLOBAL WARMING

A. Write the word in the box in the pictures below.

floods forest fires greenhouse gas

droughts pollution ice melting

_____________________
Greenhouse gas _____________________
Pollution _____________________
Floods

_____________________
Ice melting _____________________
Forest fires _____________________
Droughts

DEVELOPMENT – WRITING AN ESSAY

B. Watch the following video about writing an essay.

Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuOWNNvupik

111
 C. Review how to write an essay in the following mind map:

Writing Process Essay Components

SPEAKING – CLIMATE CHANGE

Do you think people have
E. PAIRS. Discuss with your partner about climate change. faced climate change issues?
Is it good? Or is it bad?
Do you think people have faced climate change issues?
What solutions came to your mind to mitigate it?

No, I think nobody have faced climate

change. It is a real problem because….
WRITING – ESSAY: COUNTRY ISSUES
D. Now it is time to write your own essay, the topic will be:
Which climate change issues have your country faced? Write a paragraph
about what has happened in the last 10 years regarding global warming, climate
change or natural disasters. Your essay need to have Introduction, Body and
Conclusion. Your essay must have at least 200 words.

@ … My opinion

In my country there are only two seasons, although there are some setbacks when they change,
we would know how to cope if we helped with the abrupt changes in climate by recycling and taking
care of the forests.All this is achieved by doing our part helping and respecting the environment so as
not to suffer in the next 10 years.

112
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