Ho Chi Minh City University of

Technology and Education

ENGINE MANAGEMENT
Fuel control
Do Van Dung, Assoc. Prof. PhD
Faculty of Vehicle Engineering
Email: dodzung@hcmute.edu.vn
Mobile: 0903644706
 VIDEO CLIPS TO WATCH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cr4uIzkD0k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FfcjERUtUw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzbLrn-2jyw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tl-LYas2Ox0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3bIo8GetoQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dK4mb1yS0dY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qId3Th6_a4U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjJSbHxIvnM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgJRIIMdIM0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkrgGXYcHRs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPfwOV1MkBk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oc2EZG9G-v4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxdwzlrRc8U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dK4mb1yS0dY&t=40s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjJSbHxIvnM&t=17s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVWZFdb_AGc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66C4YIiwRbM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fl3aD1qJrEg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=uNaJSAejzCM
TYPES OF MIXTURE FORMATION
 HYSTORY OF FUEL CONTROL SYSTEMS
1870s – 1920s: early systems
1930s – 1950s: first mass-produced petrol
direct injection
1950s – 1980s: series production manifold
injection systems
1979 – 2000s: Digital engine management
system – Bosch Motronic in 1979. 1995,
Mitsubishi presented the first common-rail petrol
direct injection system. Common-rail direct
injection was also introduced in passenger car
diesel engines, with the Fiat 1.9 JTD.
FUEL SUPPLY WITH CARBURRETOR
MIXTURE FORMATION: CONCEPTS FROM CAKE MAKING
Fuel supply with manifold (port) injection
AIR FUEL MIXTURE: SWIRL MOTION
GASOLINE INJECTION TYPES
GASOLINE INJECTION TYPES
D-JETRONIC
L-JETRONIC
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor
MAP SENSOR OUTPUTS
MAP SENSOR WIRING DIAGRAM
FORD EEC-IV MAP SENSOR OUTPUTS
L, LH, LU - JETRONIC
AIRFLOW SENSOR VANE TYPE
AIRFLOW SENSOR VANE TYPE
AIRFLOW SENSOR VANE TYPE
AIRFLOW SENSOR VANE TYPE
Volumetric airflow
KARMAN VORTEX AIRFLOW SENSOR
KARMAN VORTEX AIRFLOW SENSOR
KARMAN VORTEX AIRFLOW SENSOR
Karman airflow meter

27
AIR MASS SENSOR
AIR MASS SENSOR
ECT – ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR
IAT – INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE SENSOR
TPS- THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR
POSITION SENSOR

33
CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

34
VSS – VEHICLE SPEED SENSOR
Fuel supply with manifold (port) injection
Fuel supply with manifold (port) injection
Types of injectors
GASOLINE INJECTORS
Electric fuel pump
Fuel pressure regulator
GASOLINE INJECTION SYSTEM
Engine management system
TYPICAL SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
 SPEED-DENSITY METHOD
thumbnail.jpg
VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
INJECTOR’S CURRENT AND VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS
INJECTOR’S CURRENT AND VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS
TYPES OF PORT INJECTION
SEMULTANEOUS INJECTION
GROUP INJECTION
SEQUENTIAL INJECTION
DIGITAL ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM DIAGRAM
 Engine Crank
• Air/Fuel Ratio from 2:1 to 12:1, depending on engine
temperature. After starting: engine warm-up mode.
 Engine Warm-Up
• Enriched air/fuel ratio & changes as the
temperature increases.
• This mode is for rapid and smooth engine
warm-up and reduce wear. Fuel economy and
emission control may be still a secondary
concern.
• Warm-up time from a lookup table based on the
temperature of the coolant.
Reduce Engine Warm-Up Time
Engine Warm-Up
Open-Loop and Closed Loop Control
Closed-Loop Fuel Control
Lambda sensor
Lambda sensor
 AIR FUEL RATIO
http://www.megamanual.com/
begintuning.htm
OXYGEN SENSOR WAVEFORM
AIR/FUEL SENSOR VS OXYGEN SENSOR
AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR
AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR
Closed-Loop Fuel Control
 Acceleration Enrichment

• During acceleration, an enriched

air/fuel ratio to maximize engine
torque
• ECU increase the pulse duration of
the fuel injector signal for the duration
of the heavy load.
•
 Deceleration Leaning
• During deceleration: very lean air/fuel
ratio to reduce excess emissions of
HC and CO.

• Decrease in the pulse duration of the

fuel injector signal. The fuel may even
be turned off completely for very
heavy deceleration.
Engine Warm-Up
FUEL PUMP RELAY CONTROL
IDLE SPEED CONTROL
IDLE SPEED CONTROL
PWM - PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
IDLE SPEED CONTROL
IDLE SPEED VALVE –STEPPER MOTOR
IDLE SPEED VALVE – STEPPER MOTOR
ELECTRONIC THROTTLE CONTROL
ACCELERATION PEDAL POSITION SENSOR
SERVO MOTOR CONTROL
VARIABLE VALVE TIMING CONTROL
GASOLINE DIRECT INJECTION
GASOLINE PORT & DIRECT INJECTION
HOMOGENOUS VS STRATIFIED CHARGE
GDI: STRATIFIED MIXTURE
GDI: STRATIFIED MIXTURE
STRATIFIED MIXTURE
DUAL FUEL INJECTION - PI AND DI
DUAL FUEL INJECTION
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
FUEL RAIL PRESSURE SENSOR
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
INJECTION CHARACTERISTIC
SOLENOID INJECTOR
PIEZO-INJECTOR
PIEZO-INJECTOR
DIESEL INJECTOR WAVEFORM
 DIESEL INJECTOR WAVEFORM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=NUvWnOd5lFw&t=29s
DIESEL INJECTOR WAVEFORM
 DIESEL INJECTOR WAVEFORM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ftchx1TDNJo
PIEZO DIESEL INJECTOR
POWER SUPPLY FOR PIEZO INJECTOR
POWER SUPPLY FOR PIEZO INJECTOR
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=67GSNUR7eqM
 PIEZO-INJECTOR’S CODE
Manufacturers have introduced injector coding because
they are facing ever tightening controls on emissions.

Fitting some new injectors - to tell the ECU so that it

can make the appropriate calculation to allow the engine
to run to its optimum state once the injector is fitted –
this is achieved by ‘coding’ them.