Presentation on

Design of Shear Wall

By
MT23SDE (001-010)
MT23STR (007-020)
Guide
Dr. R.S. Sonparote

Department of Applied Mechanics

Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
Nagpur 440 010 (India)
2024-25
Contents:
• Intro to shear wall
• Shear wall as per 13920:2016
• Design of shear wall
• Design as per ETABS
 Shear Wall /structural wall

• Shear wall – Resist lateral loads due to wind and earthquake.

-Lift wall maybe treated as shear wall
-Load resistance like cantilever action
-dissipate energy via yielding at plastic hinges.
-brittle structure element
-Thickness more in lower stories
-strength and stiffness to manage lateral displacements
-resist- in-plane shear and bending
-three types of failure

Reference Pillai and Menon

Position of shear wall

The effectiveness of wall systems in Fig. relies on close alignment of mass and rigidity centers,
minimizing static eccentricity. Torsional stability assessment includes wall arrangement and
individual flexural and torsional stiffness, with some walls potentially negligible for specific force
directions due to their flexibility.

Reference Paulay and Priestly

• lack significant torsional rigidity,
• lack sufficient lateral force resistance along their weak axes
Additional aspects
• For optimal torsional resistance, prioritize placing walls at the
building's periphery, either as individual cantilevers or coupled
together
• More gravity load routed to foundations via structural walls reduces
flexural reinforcement demand and facilitates foundation absorption of
overturning moments
• In high-seismic-risk areas, consolidating lateral force resistance in one
or two walls can strain foundations, possibly requiring special,
enlarged ones
Elevator shafts and stair walls create a reinforced concrete core, usually
the main lateral force resistance in multistory offices; perimeter frames
can supplement it, with a central core potentially offering substantial
torsional resistance.

1. Limited site space necessitates core placement near a

boundary.
2. Eccentrically placed service cores, cause torsional
imbalance.
3. Optimal balance achieved by adding walls along other
sides of the building.
Sectional Shapes
 facilitate transverse beam anchorage
 support principal flexural reinforcement and prevent lateral buckling in
thin-walled sections.
 confining compressed concrete in potential plastic hinges

 T and L beams are significant in assessing reliable strength, where

the equivalent beam’s s=2*h
 limited ductility when the flange is in tension
Variations in Elevation
• 1. In medium-sized buildings like apartment blocks, wall cross-sections, is remains constant with
height, typical of simple prismatic walls.

• 2. Strength demand from lateral forces diminishes in upper stories of tall buildings, allowing for
potential reduction in wall sizes, especially thickness.
Cantilever Walls Without Openings

 Treated as ordinary reinforced concrete beam-columns

 Lateral forces are applied via point loads transmitted through floors, functioning
as diaphragms.
Structural Wall with Openings

1. Regular openings in structural walls for windows and doors must maintain structural
predictability.
2. Structural integrity should be preserved by avoiding excessive reduction of wall area near section
edges.
3. Adequate shear strength in both horizontal and vertical directions is essential to support full
flexural strength development.
Failures mode in structural walls

The failure modes in shear walls typically include:

 Shear: Shear failure due to excessive lateral forces.
 Flexural failure
 Torsional failure :twisting or rotation of the wall about its vertical axis
 Out-of-plane failure:unable to withstand lateral loads perpendicular to its plane
 Structural forms

Squat walls with low h/d ratios are commonly used for seismic resistance in low-rise buildings and
contribute significantly to lateral force resistance in high-rises, especially in initial stories above foundation
level.
Types
1.Elastic: high potential strength
2.Rocking: lateral force resistance
3.Ductile:foundation strength to prevent overturning, in low rise building
IS 13920:2016
• Lateral Force Resisting system
• Minimum thickness
• 150 mm
• 300 mm for buildings with coupled structural walls
• Length to thickness ≥4
• Classification
 Squat walls: hw / Lw <1,
 Intermediate walls: 1 ≤ hw / Lw ≤ 2, and
 Slender walls: hw / Lw > 2
• Flanged wall
▪ Part of the flange shall be considered which extends beyond the face of the web
▪ Actual width available,
▪ Half the distance to the adjacent structural wall web, and
▪ 1/10th of the total wall height
▪ Reinforcement
▪ Uniformly spaced reinf. Along
vertical and horizontal directions
▪ Minimum reinforcement as per
Table 1
Minimum reinforcement as per Table 1

ρ = Area of reinforcement of structural

wall as a fraction of gross area of c/s
• Reinforcement bars - in two curtains
• Factored shear stress demand ≥ 0.25 MPa, or
• Wall thickness ≥ 200 mm
• Vertical steel bars - contained within the horizontal steel bars
• Horizontal bars shall form a closed core concrete area with closed loops and
cross-ties
• largest db ≤ 1/10th wall thickness of that part
• Maximum spacing of vertical or horizontal reinforcement
(smallest of)
• 1/5th horizontal length Lw of wall,
• 3 times thickness tw of web of wall, and
• 450 mm
Design for Shear Force
• Nominal shear stress demand τ v :

• where Vu is factored shear force, tw thickness of the web, and dw effective depth of wall
section (along the length of the wall), which may be taken as 0.8 L w for rectangular sections.
• If τv

• More than τc,max – Re-design

• τc < τv < τc,max then –

• τ v < τc – As per minimum area of steel

 Boundary Elements

• Wall edges are strengthened by longitudinal & transverse

reinforcement
• Provide boundary element when the extreme fibre compressive
stress
• These may be discontinued when the extreme stress
• Short column action
• Longitudinal reinforcement
(4% to avoid congestion)
• Lateral reinforcement

• Maximum spacing of lateral reinforcement

a) 1/3 of min of member dimension of boundary element
b) 6*min ( longintudinal dia)
c) 100 mm but may be relaxed to 150mm, if max distance b/w
cross ties/parallel legs of links or ties is limited to 200mm
but need not be < 100mm
 Coupling Beams

• Coplanar special structural walls may be connected by means of coupling beams.

• Area of diagonal reinforcement along each diagonal

• Each diagonal – min 4 bars of 8mm dia

• Spacing <100mm
 Special Shear Wall

• Lateral force resisting system

Minimum thickness
• 150mm
• 300mm for coupled shear walls

Length to thickness
Openings in shear walls

• Shear strength should be checked at horizontal plane passing at opening.

• Additional steel R/f provide all four edges of openings.

• The area of vertical and horizontal steel should be provided half of either

side of wall in each direction.

• Vertical bars should be extend to full height.

• Horizontal bars provided with development length beyond the opening of

wall.
Construction Joints
Vertical reinforcement across horizontal construction joints Ast

𝐴𝑠𝑡 0.92 𝑃𝑢
≥ (𝜏 𝑣 − )
𝐴𝑔 𝑓 𝑦 𝐴𝑔

Where,
= Factored shear stress at the joint.
Pu = Factored axial force.
Construction Joint
Ag = Gross cross sectional area.
Splices
Lap Splices
• Max spacing of links 150 mm.
• Dia >16mm , lateral r/f dia min. of
 dia of link ¼ of øln.
 8 mm Lap Splices
• Lap length more than LD.
• Provide at central half of clear wall height.
Not at : joint.
within 2d were yielding.
• Not more 50% spliced at one section.

Mechanical Couplers
• Conforming IS 16172.
• Comfirming above standard. Mechanical Couplers
Design of shear wall in Etabs and Manual :-
lw = 8000 mm
Bw = 150 mm
Pu = 404.88 KN
Mu = 266.69 KN
Vu = 42.51 KN

Manual Etabs
• Shear reinforcement 8 mm @125 mm c/c. • Shear r/f 8 mm 125 c/c

• Vertical R/f 12 mm at 140 mm c/c • Vertical R/f 12 mm at 100 mm c/c

• Boundary R/f min 4 bar 12 mm • Boundary R/f min 4 bar 12 mm

ETABS Shear Wall Design :-

Shear wall section

Shear Reinforcement Detailing
• 8 mm bar of 125 c/c.
THANK YOU!