ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE

The ability of computer

software and hardware
to do those things that
we, as humans, recognize
as intelligent behaviour.
 Turing Test
(developed by Alan Turing, a British Mathematician)

attempts to determine
whether the responses from a
computer with intelligent
behavior are indistinguishable
from responses from a human.
 Specific characteristics of intelligent
behavior:

1. Learn from experience and apply the knowledge

acquired from experience.
2. Handle complex situations.
3. Solve problems when important information is
missing.
4. Determine what is important.
 Specific characteristics of intelligent
behavior:

5. React quickly and correctly to a new situation.

6. Understand visual images.
7. Process and manipulate symbols.
8. Be creative and imaginative.
9. Use heuristics.
 The difference between Natural and Artificial Intelligence
Attributes Natural Artificial
Intelligence Intelligence
(Human) (Machine)

The ability to use sensors (eyes, ears, touch, smell) HIGH LOW

The ability to be creative and imaginative HIGH LOW

The ability to learn from experience HIGH LOW

The ability to be adaptive HIGH LOW

The ability to afford the cost of acquiring intelligence HIGH LOW

The ability to use a variety of information source HIGH HIGH

The ability to acquire large amount of external information HIGH HIGH

The ability to make complex calculations LOW HIGH

The ability to transfer information LOW HIGH

The ability to make a series of calculations rapidly and accurately LOW HIGH
 Major Branches of
Artificial Intelligence

VISION LEARNING
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS

ROBOTICS
EXPERT
SYSTEMS

NEURAL
NATURAL LANGUAGE NETWORKS
PROCESSING
 Major Branches of Artificial Intelligence
1. Robotics
Involve developing
mechanical or computer
devices that perform tasks
requiring a high degree of
precision or that are
hazardous for humans.
Service Robot is a robot that
performs useful tasks for
humans or equipment
excluding industrial
application. A robot may be
classified according to its
intended application as an
industrial robot or a service
robot.
Personal Service Robot is a
robot used for a
noncommercial task, usually
by laypersons.
Professional Service Robot is
a service robot for
professional use. It is also
used for a commercial task,
usually operated by a properly
trained operator.
 "Three Laws of Robotics"
1. A robot may not injure a human being or,
through inaction, allow a human being to come
to harm.
2. A robot must obey orders given it by human
beings except where such orders would conflict
with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as
long as such protection does not conflict with
the First or Second Law.
 Ethical Dilemma/s faced by Robotics
Safety
Who should be held accountable if someone’s
safety is compromised by a robot?
Who should be blamed, the robot, the agent using
the robot, or the maker/inventor of the robot?
Emotional component
It is not completely impossible for robots to
develop emotions.
What if robots become sentient?

OP
LO

ST
OK
The Rover was a remote-controlled robot used by
NASA to explore the surface of Mars.
 Lucy
an orangutan robot, was a
pure research project to
develop some novel
theories about the
fundamental operating
principles of the brain.
2. Vision Systems
Include hardware and
software that permit
computers to capture,
store, and manipulate
visual images and pictures.
3. Natural language processing
Computers understand and react to statements
and commands made in a “natural” language,
such as English.
4. Learning system
Computer changes how it functions or reacts to
situations based on feedback.

5. Neural network
Computer system that can act like or simulate
the functioning of the human brain.
6. Expert Systems
Consists of hardware and software that
stores knowledge and makes inferences,
similar to a human expert.
ROLE OF A.I
 ROLE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

AI researchers have created many tools to

solve the most difficult problems in
computer science. Many of their inventions
have been adopted by mainstream
computer science and are no longer
considered a part of AI
 FOR EXAMPLE

Time sharing

Interactive interpreters

Graphical user interfaces and the computer mouse

Rapid development environments

 ROLE IN FINANCE
Banks use artificial intelligence
systems to organize operations,
invest in stocks, and manage
properties.

FOR EXAMPLE:-
Financial trading
ROLE IN MEDICINE
A medical clinic can use
artificial intelligence
systems to organize bed
schedules, make a staff
rotation, and provide
medical information
 ROLE IN HEAVY
INDUSTRY
Robots have become common in many
industries. They are often given jobs that
are considered dangerous to humans.
Robots have proven effective in jobs that
are very repetitive which may lead to
mistakes or accidents due to a lapse in
concentration and other jobs which
humans may find degrading.
FOR EXAMPLE:-
ASIMO
 ROLE IN
TRANSPORTATION
Fuzzy logic controllers
have been developed for
automatic gearboxes in
automobiles
 FOR EXAMPLE Audi TT
VW Toureg

VW Caravell
 ROLE IN TOYS
& GAMES
The 1990s saw some of the first attempts
to mass-produce domestically aimed
types of basic Artificial Intelligence for
education, or leisure. This prospered
greatly with the Digital Revolution, and
helped introduce people, especially
children, to a life of dealing with various
types of AI, specifically in the form of
Giga Pets & the Internet
 FOR EXAMPLE

AIBO

FURBY
 ROLE IN MUSIC
The evolution of music has always
been affected by technology. With
AI, scientists are trying to make the
computer emulate the activities of
the skillful musician. Composition,
performance, music theory, sound
processing are some of the major
areas on which research in Music
and Artificial Intelligence are
focusing.
APPLICATIONS
OF A.I
 PATTERN RECOGNITION
attern recognition is "the act of taking in
aw data and taking an action based on the
ategory of the pattern, its system consists of
sensor that gathers the observations to be
escribed, a feature extraction mechanism
hat computes numeric or symbolic
nformation from the observations, and a
lassification scheme that does the actual
ob of classifying observation.
EXAMPLE
 HANDWRITING
RECOGNITION

The ability of a computer to receive and

interpret intelligible handwritten input
from sources such as paper documents,
photographs, touch-screens and other
devices. The image of the written text may
be sensed "off line" from a piece of paper
by optical scanning .The movements of
the pen tip may be sensed "on line", for
example by a pen-based computer screen
surface.
SPEECH RECOGNITION

converts spoken words to

text. The technology that
can recognize speech
without being targeted at
single speaker—such as a
call center system that can
recognize arbitrary voices.
FACIAL RECOGNITION
SYSTEM
A computer application
for automatically
identifying or verifying
a person from a digita
image or a video frame
from a video source
 FOR EXAMPLE:
SECURITY SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES
Artificial intelligence would
not need any sleep

Unemotional consideration
of problems.

Easier copying

Work longer

No rest
 DISADVANTAGES
If robots start replacing human resources in every field, we
will have to deal with serious issues like unemployment

Intelligent machines may not be the right choice for

customer service.

Intelligent machines overpower human beings

Limited sensory input, an artificial mind is only capable of

taking in a small amount of information
T
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