I.

Aliskiren 75 mg versus placebo

 Mean Difference (MD) -2.97: the average score difference between the two groups. the
Aliskiren group's blood pressure was about 2.97 units lower than the placebo group's blood
pressure. The minus sign (-) indicates that Aliskiren lowered blood pressure compared to the
placebo.
 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -4.76 to -1.18: the range is from -4.76 to -1.18. It means that
the true average difference in blood pressure reduction could be as much as 4.76 units or as
little as 1.18 units lower in the Aliskiren group compared to the placebo group. Because the
entire interval is below 0, it tells us that Aliskiren likely lowers blood pressure.
 I2 = 0%: The "I2" is a statistic used to describe how much the results of different studies
agree with each other. An I2 of 0% means all the studies' results were very consistent or in
very good agreement about Aliskiren's effect. If there was a lot of variation, you'd see a higher
percentage.
I. Aliskiren 150 mg versus placebo

 Mean Difference (MD) -5.95: on average, people taking 150 mg of Aliskiren their blood pressure was
5.95 units lower (or better) than those who took the placebo. The negative sign emphasizes that Aliskiren
led to an improvement.
 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -6.85 to -5.06: The confidence interval gives us a range that says we are
95% sure that Aliskiren lowers blood pressure between 6.85 and 5.06 units better than the placebo. The
fact that both ends of the range are below 0 strengthens the conclusion that Aliskiren is effective.
 I2 = 17%: indicates the level of heterogeneity, or variability, among the study results. With an I2 of 17%,
there's a low level of inconsistency among the studies' findings, suggesting that, generally, the studies
agreed on how effective Aliskiren 150 mg is.
I. Aliskiren 300 mg versus placebo

 Mean Difference (MD) -7.88: indicates that, on average, the group taking Aliskiren had
blood pressure improve by 7.88 units more than the placebo group. The negative number tells
us that the condition was reduced or improved with Aliskiren.
 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -8.94 to -6.82: we're 95% sure contains the true average
improvement from taking Aliskiren. It ranges from 8.94 to 6.82 units better than the placebo,
The entire interval is below 0, reinforcing that the medication has a positive effect.
 I2 = 22%: An I2 of 22% signifies a low to moderate level of inconsistency among the
findings, suggesting that while there is some variation, the studies generally agree on the
effectiveness of Aliskiren 300 mg.
I. Aliskiren 600 mg versus placebo

 Mean Difference (MD) -11.35: 11.35 units BP reduction more than those in the
placebo group. The negative value points towards a positive outcome due to the
Aliskiren treatment.
 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -14.43 to -8.27: This confidence interval tells us
that we can be 95% sure the true average effect (improvement) of taking Aliskiren
lies between 14.43 and 8.27 units better than the placebo. The fact that the entire
range is below 0 solidifies the effectiveness of Aliskiren at this dosage.
 I2 = 0%: The I2 value measures heterogeneity, or how much the results of the
studies vary. An I2 of 0% means there’s no observed variation or inconsistency
between the studies' results, indicating that they are in complete agreement about the
effect of Aliskiren at 600 mg.
 For the 150 mg dose: Goodbye)) to one unpublished
study CSPP100A1301 from the analysis that showed
an unusual lower blood pressure ( ‐2.0 mmHg)
compared to all other placebo group in other studies
made the results consistent across remaining studies
(I2 reduced from 17% to 0%)
 For aliskiren 300 mg Goodbye) to two published
studies, which had a lower BP compared to average of
placebo in other studies of same dose ( ‐2.9 mmHg in
CSPP100A1201 and ‐3.8 mmHg in CSPP100A2308)
after being removed from the analysis, the I2 was
reduced from 22% to 0%
Heterogeneity in Studies and Specific Dose
Adjustments:
 Heterogeneity means how varied or different the
study results are from each other. Ideally, we want
studies to show similar effects, meaning low
heterogeneity
 For all doses of Aliskiren, they initially observed
little to no significant variation in how effectively
they lowered BP across different studies (referred
to as no statistically significant heterogeneity),
which is good because it means the results are
consistent.
 Specifically, for the 75 mg and 600 mg doses, there
was perfectly no variation in results (I2 = 0%),
indicating all studies agreed on how effective
Спасибо за внимание!
Prepared by: Asaad Ward
Presented to: Dr. Renata Ruvshanovna