Overview of Trial Bridge

Tarcha Polytechnic College
Short Term Training on Trail Bridge

Survey, Design, Construction and
Maintenance
Organized by Tarcha Polytechnic College
Delivered by: Kebede .H (MSc)
April, 2024
Dawuro-Tarcha
MODERATOR
Kebede Haile (MSc,PE)
 Ceng (BSc,MSc in Highway Eng’g)
 Full Time Instructor @TPTC with 2 plus yrs
 More than 6 yrs experience
 TOT for Eagle point Software
 TOT for AutoCAD, CSI Bridge,ETABS,SAP
 TOT for MS-Project
 TOT for SPSS, Design Experts
 TOT for Trail Bridge Survey, Design,
Construction and Maintenance and Certified
from HELVETAS
1. Have you been involved in the design and construction of
trail bridges?
2. What challenges have you encountered in your previous

trail bridge projects?
3. What are your expectations from this training?
4. Are there any specific topics or areas that you would like
to focus on during the training?
Outline
• General Introduction
• Site Investigation & Topographic
Survey
• Design of Trail Bridge (Type D & N)
• Bridge Standard Drawing for TB
• Trail bridge quantity estimation
General Introduction
Background
• A trail bridge is a lightweight structure designed to facilitate
crossing of obstacles along non-motorized trails.
• Its primary purpose is to provide access to
Health facilities
Education centers
Market places
Farmers with short access
Other social issues
• Level of poverty Vs Accessibility in remote locations
• Lack of access reinforces the cycle of poverty
Background
Some key characteristics that define a
trail bridge:
 Scale and A Constructon Method
Materials A purpose
A Maintenance
A location
A Users
Background
There are experiments and studies
on going to accommodate other kind
of traffic that may be assumed (like
three cart wheel).
Trail Bridges Types
• Cable supported trail bridge (for spans ≥ 30m)
• Steel truss bridge (for spans 16m ≤ Span ≤

32m)
• Reinforced Concrete Bridges (for spans <

16m)
Types of cable supported trail bridges
• Suspended (D) type => Walkway downward
• Suspension (N) type => Walkway upward
• Cable stayed type => Walkway hanged directly

to tower top
• Mixed type => All combination

Suspended (D) type => Walkway downward
Suspension (N) type => Walkway upward
Suspension N-Type - Walkway upwards
Cable Stayed – Walkway hanged to Tower to Top
Mixed type -
Walkway
downwards
but supported by
upper cables
Mixed Type
Standard Trail Bridges
• Long Span Cable Bridge:

LSTB, span: above 121 up to 350m
Not yet Adopted
• Short Span Cable Bridge:
SSTB, span: above 30 up to 120m
Adopted
• Steel Truss Bridge:
Span:16; 20; 24; 28 & 32m
Standard Trail Bridges
SSTB Short Span
Standard
Suspended Bridge
70cm or 106cm
walkway
width
Wind guy
LSTB
Long Span
Standard
Suspended Bridge
106cm walkway with Wind
guy System
SSTB N-type
Bridge, 106cm
walkway width
without Wind-
guy
Nepal Standard
Trail Steel Truss
Bridge Span
fixed: 16, 20,
24, 28 & 32m.
Walkway 120cm
Characteristics of Short Span Standard (SSTB)
Bridge
• Predetermined cable geometry and cable

design in relation to bridge span (30 –
120m)
• Predetermined foundation design in relation
to bridge span and; to topographical and
geological categorizations.
• No wind guy system in normal condition.
Components of Trail Bridges
1. Components of Suspended (D-Type)
Trail Bridge
I. Major Features & Applicability
• It is also called D-type trail bridge and gets its
name the last letter of “SuspendeD
• Has downward sagging walkway
• Cables are anchored in to the main anchorage
foundation at both banks
Trail Bridge
• The vertical cable hangers are the same height
throughout the span length
• The foundations may or may not be at the same
level
• Suitable for hills and slope topography
Trail Bridge
• More suitable - wherever freeboard is achievable
• The 70cm walkway - for pedestrian traffic,
whereas the 106cm walkway for crossings where
pack animal traffic is also expected.
Trail Bridge
• Assess the possibility of the D-type which should
be the first choice
• Is more economic, simple to design and construct
• For economic reasons the design allows a choice
between two options for the width of the
walkway i.e., 70 cm and 106cm
Components of Suspended (D-Type) Trail Bridge
• Walkway cables
• Handrail cables
• Hanger/Suspender
• Towers
• Walkway system
• Anchor
• Tower foundations
• Wind guy system (only for
LSTB)
Components of LSTB D-Type Trail Bridge
Components of Suspension (N-Type) Trail Bridge
• Tower and Saddle

• Walkway/spanning cable
• Handrail cable
• Main Cable
• Fixation cable
• Suspender
• Walk way and tower foundation
• Main cable anchorage
Foundation for SSTB D-Type
Trail Bridge
For short span suspended trail bridges, the foundation
typically involves main cable anchorage & tower
foundation.
Main Cable anchorage:
• RCC Dead man and Gravity Anchor
Block used in soil bank
• Drum type Anchorage used in rocky
bank
Foundation for SSTB D-
Type Trail Bridge
 The above types of main cable anchorage should be
fixed on one bank side and should be adjustable on
the other side by providing flexible tubing around the
rebar cage.
 The main cable anchorage exhibits variations in
dimension and overall arrangement based on whether
it is implemented on flat ground or on a hill slope.
Type Trail Bridge
Fixed Deadman Anchor in D-Type Trail Bridges
Type Trail Bridge
Adjustable Deadman Anchor in D-Type Trail
Bridges
Type Trail Bridge
Adjustable Deadman Anchor in D-Type Trail
Bridges
Type Trail Bridge
• Tower Foundation: In SSTB suspended Trail Bridge,
the tower foundation is constructed aligned with
gravity anchor.
Foundation for SSTB N-
Type Trail Bridge
• The key components typically involved in the
foundation of short span suspension trail bridges are
main cable anchorage and walkway foundation &
tower foundation
Main Cable anchorage:
• RCC Deadman anchor in flat soil ground
• Gravity block anchor in hill soil ground
• Drum type Anchorage rock
Type Trail Bridge
Key Points on Selection of Anchor Types and
Position of Turnbuckle
• One main cable anchor should always have a
turnbuckle for fine adjustment during sag
• setting, whereas for economic reasons, the cable
anchor on the other bank should always have a
direct cable connection.
Type Trail Bridge
Key Points on Selection of Anchor Types and
Position of Turnbuckle
• Always choose the more convenient bank for the
main cable anchor with turnbuckle.
• It is recommended to place the turnbuckle
connection on the more easily accessible bank,
regardless of the type of foundation being used.
Type Trail Bridge
Gravity Anchor Block with Direct Cable
Connection
Type Trail Bridge
Deadman anchor with Turnbuckle
Type Trail Bridge
Main Cable Gravity Anchor Blocks with Turn
Bucklee
Type Trail Bridge
Drum Rock Anchor in N-Type Trail Bridges
Type Trail Bridge
Walkway and Tower Foundation
Cost Comparison
• Total Cost of TB mainly depends on SPAN!
1. Suspended (D-type) Bridge Cost

• On average $800 to $1,000/m
• Of the total cost
8-12% Steel Wire Ropes
50-60% to Walkway steep parts
15-20% Concrete works
10-12% Transportation and Management
Cost Comparison
• Total Cost of TB mainly depends on SPAN!
2. Suspension (N-type) Bridges Cost

• On average $1,500 to $2,000/m
• Almost double the cost of D-type bridges

Construction Duration
1. Suspended (D-type) Bridge

• 3 to 4 months
2. Suspension (N-type) Bridges

• 4 to 5 months
Design Life: Min. 50yrs for both

End of Part I
Any Question?
Part II
Site Investigation &

Topographic Survey
Site Investigation & Topographic Survey
1. Survey and Bridge Site Selection
 The main objective of the survey and bridge site

assessment is:
• To identify the proper bridge site by considering socio-economic
as well as technical points of view.
 Social Feasibility Survey: Establishes community
ownership and responsibility
 Technical Survey: Ensures that bridge will place at
sound and safe position/alignment
Social Feasibility Survey

 A Social Feasibility Survey is necessary to justify the
construction of a requested bridge.
 The social feasibility survey establishes community

ownership and responsibility.
 For ranking and prioritizing the vast number of requests


 The first step for conducting a social feasibility survey is to
introduce
 The participants, the survey team and other groups who
will be involved in the process of bridge construction.
 This is best done in the form of a mass meeting right at the
spot, or nearby the place, where the bridge is going to be
built.
The agenda of the mass meeting
should consist of:
• Verification of the proposed bridge site
with community
• Explanation of the bridge-building
process and the participation of the
community
• Evaluation and explanation of the bridge
location regarding technical limitations
and requirements, costs, and situation of
local traffic
For ranking and prioritizing the vast number of requests, the
socio-economic indicators which have utmost importance
are:
• Level of local participation
• Size of area of influence
• Size of traffic flow: The most important crossing is one
which provides access to schools, hospital and health
posts.
• Socio-economic benefits produced by the proposed bridge
Technical Survey
• The technical survey includes: Bridge site selection and a
Topographic Survey of the selected bridge site
• These factors include considering of the geological
features of the area, loading from the environment,
hydrology and hydraulics, roadway alignment and other
safety and stability related issues of the area of
construction.
• The bridge shouldn't located within the geological features
that will affect the selection of the bridge types.
2. Preparation for Survey
• Preparatory works to be completed before going to the

field for the survey:
Collect maps with tentative location of the bridge and

any available background information.
Collect the survey equipment.

2. Preparation for Survey
• Materials required along with the survey equipment are:

– Survey form/checklist
– Calculator, Note Book & Pencil/Pen
– Total station/ Theodolite with staff
– Measuring tape
– Paint and Brush
– GPS machine
– Camera
– Pick Axe and Shovel
– Hammer
– Umbrella
3. General Data Collection
• General data is required for needs assessment and

construction planning of the proposed bridge.
• The general data and information shall include :
Location of bridge site

Nature of crossing and affordability
Traffic volume
Width of Walk way
3. General Data Collection
• The general data and information shall include :

Local Participation
Transportation distance
Availability of local materials
Availability of local bridge builders
Temporary crossing
Part III
Design of Trail Bridge

(Type D & N)
Design of SSTB D-type Trail Bridge
The main components of this bridge are:

• Main cables
• Walkway cables
• Towers
• Walkway system
• Main anchorage foundations
• Tower foundations
• Windguy system (only for LSTB)
The major components



Design Procedures
Design Procedures
Design of suspended bridges consists the
following
• Cable Design
• Anchor Block Design
• Bridge Standard Drawings
• General Arrangement Drawing
• Quantity and Cost Estimation
Steps to be followed while designing a suspended trail bridge
1. Draw the bridge profile from the survey data

Bridge Profile
2. Fix the position of the bridge foundations and

the span
3. Select walkway width (70 cm or 106cm)

4. Select walkway cables and handrail cables
5. Design walkway tower and main anchorage

foundations.
Cable Design As Per ERA Standard
• Designing the cable for a bridge involves

– selecting required numbers and
– diameter of the handrail and walkway cables for given
span and selected walkway width.
• To design the cable proceed as per the steps below.
– Select the appropriate walkway width (70cm or 106cm)
according to the nature of the traffic and type of trail.
– Fix the span of the bridge and height difference of cable
saddles of the right bank and left bank from the bridge
profile
– Select cables from the Table: Selection of Cable

according to the span and selected walkway width
• Calculation of Cable Cutting Length for D-type

Trail Bridge
Cutting Length = 1.1 x Span + Backstay Lengths
Where;
Span: center to center distance between tower saddles
Backstay Length: Cable length between saddle center
and center of dead man or drum as per foundation
drawing (both banks) + 6.0m.
Design of Suspended Bridge Foundation
• Design of a bridge foundation structure is mainly to

select the standard anchor block types for right bank
and for left bank and fill in the required data in the
selected drawings.
• Standard anchor block (bridge foundation structure)
types have been developed for all possible cases up to
span 120m.
• There are basically seven types of anchor blocks
depending upon the soil or rock type, whereof the
typical designs are illustrated:
To select an Anchor block type:

• Define the walkway width.
• Define the span of the bridge from the bridge profile
• Define the topography of the ground where the
anchorage block will be placed as flat or slope
• The topography is defined as flat if the ground slope is
less than 10°, and slope if the ground slope is more than
10°
• Define the soil or rock type from the survey form and
checklist
• Define the tower height from bridge profile .

Tower height = Height of walkway cable saddle
from the ground + 1.1m in case of soil bank and flat
topography.
Tower height = 2.4m (fixed) in case of soil bank and slope topography.
Tower height = 2.0 m (fixed) in case of rock bank.
• Select the anchor type and the corresponding
drawing from the selection tables according to the
above design data.
Part IV
Bridge Standard
Drawings for TB
Bridge Standard Drawings for TB
• Standard Drawings represent the centerpiece

of the Short Trail Bridge Standard.
• They are composed as a unit component
system and are categorized in two categories:
 Construction Drawings
 Steel Drawings
Bridge Standard Drawings for TB
• Both drawing categories are linked with each

other and depending on the bridge design the
required drawings are selected
• In addition, a general arrangement drawing is
necessary for the estimation of quantity and
cost
Steel Drawings for D-type TB
• Each Drawing is providing the necessary

information and specifications for manufacturing
the desired steel parts.
• It includes; steel cross beams, steel deck, wind
guy parts and saddle and anchor reinforcement.
• Depending on the width of the walkway, the size of
walkway cable and the span the empty spaces in the
materials list have to be filled in and the total weight
has to be calculated.
Steel Drawings for D-type TB
Construction Drawings for D-type TB
 Are detailed graphical representations that provide

specific instructions and information for the
construction process.
 These drawings represent the various components,
dimensions, materials, and construction techniques
required to build a trail bridge.
 Includes the following parts of drawings: fitting parts,
tower details, RCC deadman & gravity soil anchor
blocks in flat & hill ground, RCC rock anchors, and
windguy anchors
General arrangement drawing
 General Arrangement (GA) drawing shows the
overall plan and profile of the bridge.
 It reflect the major components of the bridge and
its geometry including the elevations of the
foundations at the right and left bank.
 The GA is required for overall view of the
designed bridge and also for layout of the bridge
for construction.
General arrangement drawing
In the GA drawing the followings data should be mentioned on the
plan and the profile of the trail bridge:
• Span and dead load sag;
• Distance from the axis point A and B (which, were fixed
during survey) and the center of the tower
• Cable elevations at saddles, elevation of the lowest bridge
point and all bridge foundation levels
• Over all dimensions of the bridge structures and its
elevations.
• The completed GA should be sufficient for the layout of the
bridge.
Part V
Trail Bridge
Quantity Estimation
Contents
Steps to be followed
Quantity
Introduction
Calculation of Quantity and Cost Estimation
The calculation of quantity and cost estimation in trail
bridges involves determining the quantities of various
materials, labor, and equipment required for the
construction project, and then estimating the
associated costs.
The quantity of components of a trail bridge is
computed based on the actual site drawings
(construction drawings, steel drawings and general
arrangement drawing).
Bridge Design data
Steps to calculate quantity
1. Collect all survey data (geology data, ground slope, tower
foundation location(L&R),bridge span length, tower height,
walkway width(based on the nature of the traffic and type of
trail)
2. Select your cable combination (according to the span and
walkway width)
3. Select appropriate anchorage type at Right Bank and Left
Bank according to the survey design data. Procedure for
Selection:
Bridge Design data…
Steps to calculate quantity…
 According to the Soil/Rock type and Slope of the ground,
refer to respective tables for selection of Anchorage Block.
a) For Soil and Flat Ground : Table F.2.1 page 63
b) For Soil and Hill Slope : Table F.2.2 page 64
c) For Hard Rock : Table F.2.3 or Table F.2.4 page 64
4. Select all standard drawings (steel & construction) drawings
based on your survey data, span length, walkway width, &
cable combination)
Bridge Design data…
Steps to calculate quantity…
5. Fill the missing data in all selected steel and construction
standard drawings.
6. Compile into Final Drawing & prepare GD drawing
7. Estimate all quantities of each items (cable rope, bulldog
grip, steel amount, reinforcement amount, wire mesh
required, civil work…etc )
Example
The TB bridge is proposed to construct somewhere in Ethiopia
and have the following survey data, therefore estimate all the
required quantifies of each items.
1.Bridge survey design data
2. Cable combination
 Select a cable combination according to the span and
walkway width of the bridge. Always select the higher
cable combination when the span is in between two values.
( ERA Manual part F-Chapter-2 Page 58)
 In our case span length=114m and walkway width=106cm
 The corresponding cable combination is 2ϕ32 for Handrail
and 4ϕ32 for Walkway cable
2. Cable combination…
3. Selection of Anchorage Types(R bank)
3. Selection of Anchorage Types(L bank)
4. List of Bridge standard drawings
4. List of Bridge standard drawings…
4.1 Standard drawings/walkway Fitting for
106cm ww
4.2 Standard drawings/Details of CSM Tower &
RCC Core
4.3 Standard drawings/RCC Deadman &
Gravity soil Anchor Block-R bank
4.4 Standard drawings/RCC Deadman &
Gravity soil Anchor Block-L bank
4.5 Standard drawings/Cross beam
4.6 Standard drawings/Steel deck Standard
Panel
4.7 Standard drawings/Steel deck Standard half
Panel
4.8 Standard drawings/Steel deck Standard
special Panel
4.9 Standard drawings/Saddles &
Reinforcement-R bank
4.10 Standard drawings/Saddles &
Reinforcement-L bank
5. Compile Into Final Drawing/General
Arrangement Drawing(GA)
6. Quantity Estimation
6.1. Cable Cutting length & its weight
a) Walkway cable total length
 Cutting Length = 1.1 x Span + Backstay Lengths
 Backstay Length = Cable length between saddle center
drawing (both banks) + 6.0m.= (8m) +(8m) +6m= 22m
⸫ Cutting Length = 1.1 x 114m + 22m=147.4m
6. Quantity Estimation
6.1. Cable Cutting length & its weight
b) Handrail cable total length
 Cutting Length = 1.1 x Span + Backstay Lengths
 Backstay Length = Cable length between saddle center
drawing (both banks) + 6.0m. = (8m) +(8m) +6m= 22m
⸫ Cutting Length = 1.1 x 114m + 22m=147.4m
c) Fixation Cable total length
 Cutting Length = 1.1 x 114m + 22m=147.4m
6.1. Cable Cutting length & its weight…
6.2. Number of Bulldog Grips
 The number of bulldog grips depends on the diameter of the
cable to secured or clamped
 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑝 (𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟) =
a) 𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑝 dia 32 mm for walkway cable = = 6.4~7

( total for both bank=4*7*2=56)
b) 𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑝 dia 32 mm for handrail cable = = 6.4~7
( total for both bank=2*7*2=28)
c) 𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑝 dia 26 mm for suspender= 4( L & R bank)
6.3. Number of Steel deck standard panel
 Total span length is 114m and walkway width is 106cm/

length of standard panel is 1.98m, & length of special panel
is 2.23m, length of half panel is 0.98m
 No of standard panel in the first row (walkway width 34cm)
=( Span length – Special panel length)/1.98m=( 114m–
2.23m)/1.98m=56.45
 No of standard panel in the second( middle) row(walkway
width 34cm)=( Span length –half panel length- Special
panel length)/1.98m =( 114m– 0.98m-2.23m)/1.98m=55.95
6.3. Number of Steel deck standard panel
 No of standard panel in the third row(walkway width 34cm)

=( Span length – Special panel length)/1.98m=( 114m–
2.23m)/1.98m=56.45
Total No of standard panel = 56.45+55.95+56.45=168.85~169 Or
based on manual No=1.5*( Span -1.2)=1.5*(114-1.2)=169.2~169
 The total number of standard half panels is 1
 The total number of standard special panels is 3
6.4. Number of cross beams
 The total number of cross beams required is 114, which is

equal with the span length.
6.5. Required weight of Angle iron for steel
deck and cross beam
 Angle Iron of different size ranging from(40*40*3mm up to
65*65*6mm) for Steel Towers & walk way decks . Unit
price measured in Kg
 Angle iron 40/40/5 for cross beam=Number of cross beam
*weight of each angle iron=114*8.58kg/pc=978.12kg
 Angle iron 40/40/3 for standard panel=
Number of standard panel*weight of each angle iron
=169*(14.24+7.12)kg/pc=3609.84kg
6.5. Required weight of Angle iron for steel
deck and cross beam
 Angle iron 40/40/3 for half panel=
Number of half panel*weight of each angle iron
=1*(7.04+3.52)kg/pc=10.56kg
 Angle iron 40/40/3 for special panel=
Number of special panel*weight of angle iron
=3*(16.04+8.02)kg/pc=72.18kg
 Total weight of Angle iron =4670.7kg
6.6. Required weight of Iron plates for
Walkway Decks
 Flat Iron plates (100/6 & 75/6 & 75/6) for cross
beam=Number of cross beam *weight of each flat Iron
plates =114*(1.46+1.06+0.7)kg/pc=367.08kg
 Flat Iron plates (25/3 & 37/3) for standard panel=
Number of standard panel*weight of each flat Iron plates
=169*(0.51+0.48)kg/pc=167.31kg
 Flat Iron plates (25/3 & 37/3) for half panel=Number of
half panel*weight of each flat Iron plates
=1*(0.34+0.32)kg/pc=0.66kg
6.6. Required weight of Iron plates for
Walkway Decks
 Flat Iron plates (25/3 & 37/3) for special panel=Number of
special panel*weight of each flat Iron plates
=3*(1.7+1.6)kg/pc=9.9kg
⸫ Total weight of Angle iron =544.95kg
6.7. Required weight of Iron plain Bars for
steel deck & suspender
 Iron plain Bars (ϕ8) for suspender=
Number of suspender*weight of each Iron plain Bars
=2*114*(0.56)kg/pc=127.68kg
 Iron plain Bars (ϕ8) for standard panel=
Number of standard panel*weight of each Iron plain Bars
=169*(1.43)kg/pc=241.67kg
 Iron plain Bars (ϕ8) for half panel=
Number of half panel*weight of each Iron plain Bars
=1*(0.78)kg/pc=0.78kg
6.7. Required weight of Iron plain Bars for
steel deck & suspender
 Iron plain Bars (ϕ8) for special panel=
Number of special panel*weight of each Iron plain Bars
=3*(1.3)kg/pc=3.9kg
⸫ Total weight of Iron plain Bars =374.03kg
6.8. Required weight of reinforcement
bar(8mm,12mm, 16mm, &20mm)
 Reinforcement bar(ϕ8) for standard panel =
Number of standard panel*weight of each Reinforcement bar
=169*(1.43)kg/pc=241.67kg
 Reinforcement bar(ϕ8) for half panel =
Number of half panel*weight of each Reinforcement bar
=1*(0.78)kg/pc=0.78kg
 Reinforcement bar(ϕ8) for special panel =
Number of special panel*weight of each Reinforcement bar
=3*(1.3)kg/pc=3.9kg
 Reinforcement bar(ϕ12) for RCC Deadman beam =
Number of RCC Deadman beam*weight of each
Reinforcement bar per RCC Deadman beam
=2*(32.78)kg/pc=65.56kg
 Reinforcement bar(ϕ16) for Left bank saddle =
total weight of each Reinforcement bar within left bank saddle
=(10.44+7.9)kg=18.34kg
 Reinforcement bar(ϕ16) for Right bank saddle =
total weight of each Reinforcement bar within right bank
saddle
=(10.44+7.9)kg=18.34kg
 Reinforcement bar(ϕ20) for Right bank saddle =
total weight of each Reinforcement bar within right bank
saddle =57.28kg
 Reinforcement bar(ϕ20) for Left bank saddle =
total weight of each Reinforcement bar within left bank saddle
=57.28kg
 Total weight of Reinforcement bar=463.09kg
Thank you!!
Any ?? Please

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Tarcha Polytechnic College

Short Term Training on Trail Bridge

2. What challenges have you encountered in your previous

3. What are your expectations from this training?

• Steel truss bridge (for spans 16m ≤ Span ≤

• Reinforced Concrete Bridges (for spans <

• Suspended (D) type => Walkway downward

• Suspension (N) type => Walkway upward

• Cable stayed type => Walkway hanged directly

• Mixed type => All combination

• Long Span Cable Bridge:

• Predetermined cable geometry and cable

• Tower and Saddle

1. Suspended (D-type) Bridge Cost

2. Suspension (N-type) Bridges Cost

• Almost double the cost of D-type bridges

1. Suspended (D-type) Bridge

2. Suspension (N-type) Bridges

Design Life: Min. 50yrs for both

Site Investigation &

 The main objective of the survey and bridge site

Social Feasibility Survey

 The social feasibility survey establishes community

 For ranking and prioritizing the vast number of requests

Social Feasibility Survey

• Preparatory works to be completed before going to the

Collect maps with tentative location of the bridge and

Collect the survey equipment.

• Materials required along with the survey equipment are:

• General data is required for needs assessment and

Location of bridge site

• The general data and information shall include :

Design of Trail Bridge

The main components of this bridge are:

The major components

The major components

The major components

1. Draw the bridge profile from the survey data

2. Fix the position of the bridge foundations and

3. Select walkway width (70 cm or 106cm)

5. Design walkway tower and main anchorage

• Designing the cable for a bridge involves

– Select cables from the Table: Selection of Cable

• Calculation of Cable Cutting Length for D-type

• Design of a bridge foundation structure is mainly to

To select an Anchor block type:

• Define the tower height from bridge profile .

• Standard Drawings represent the centerpiece

• Both drawing categories are linked with each

• Each Drawing is providing the necessary

 Are detailed graphical representations that provide

a) 𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑝 dia 32 mm for walkway cable = = 6.4~7

 Total span length is 114m and walkway width is 106cm/

 No of standard panel in the third row(walkway width 34cm)

 The total number of cross beams required is 114, which is

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