VARIETIES AND

REGISTERS IN
LANGUAGE
Prepared by: Datu-thalal O. Mangcoc
DELL, Instructor I
FORMAL AND INFORMAL
REGISTERS
 In every situation we encounter, we use “speech appropriate”.
 The difference in language formality is called Register.
TYPES OF SPOKEN
LANGUAGE REGISTERS
1. FROZEN – It is a language that does not change like prayers and
pledges.
2. FORMAL – It observes complete sentences and specific word
usage.
3. CONSULTATIVE – It is a formal register used in conversation
with colleagues, peers, etc.
4. CASUAL – Language used in conversation with friends.
5. INTIMATE – Language between lovers (and twins).
TYPES OF WRITTEN
LANGUAGE REGISTERS
- Register in the written language refers to the level
and style of your writing task.
- It should be appropriate to the situation you are in.
TYPES OF WRITTEN
LANGUAGE REGISTERS
1. FORMAL WRITING – this register is used in serious
texts and situations.

Example: scholarly papers, professional writing, academic

paper, etc.
TYPES OF WRITTEN
LANGUAGE REGISTERS
1. INFORMAL WRITING – may include slang, figures
of speech, broken syntax, asides and so on. Informal
writing takes a personal tone.
RULES IN FORMAL
LANGUAGE REGISTER IN
WRITING
1. Do not use contraction
2. Do not use colloquialisms
3. Focus on lexical choice
4. Discipline-specific vocabulary (Jargons)
5. Spells out numbers less than one hundred.
6. Observes the use of capitalization and avoids abbreviation.
7. Makes use of complex sentence structures.
 EVALUATING
MESSAGES AND
IMAGES
MULTIMODAL TEXTS
- Multimodal texts include gesture, speech, image, writing
or music (Kress, 20120).
- Multimodal texts are texts that include multiple modes (or
genres) of representation, with combined elements of print,
visual images, and design.
- “ signs “ (arbitrary)
MULTIMODAL TEXTS
- As Kress (2008) and other literacy theorists
have suggested, multi_x0002_modal texts
decentralize the written word; print is no
longer the central mode of communication.
TRIDIMENSIONAL PATTERN
(BARTHES, 1972)
DENOTATION Literal meaning

CONNOTATION Ideas associated to a certain

design

Impression recorded in the conscious or

IDEOLOGY subconscious state of people involving varied
age groups up to now.
So far, no one has arrived to a single sufficient definition of ideology, but
there are existing ones (Eagleton, 1991):
1. The process of production of meanings, signs and values in social life.
2. A body of ideas characteristic of a particular social group or class.
3. Ideas which help to legitimate a dominant political power.
4. Offers a position for a subject
5. Forms of thought motivated by social interests.
6. The medium in which conscious social actors make sense of their
world.
7. Action-oriented sets of beliefs.
8. Semiotic closure after denotation and connotation.
THE PRIVILEGED CENTER
- The concept of “center” emerges as an offshoot in the
existence of binary opposites: white v.s black, men v.s
women, rich v.s poor, west v.s east, etc.
- It is said that the desire to be in center is problematic
because what we consider as “center” will become the
focus of our thought and action.
A B
 COMMUNICATION
AIDS AND
STRATEGIES USING
TOOLS OF
TECHNOLOGY
MULTIMODAL LITERACY

- “everyone needs to be able to comprehend, respond to,

and compose multimodal texts in diverse forms, where
meaning is communicated through dynamic combinations
of two or more modes.”
MODE

-A multimodal texts convey meaning through a

combination of two or more modes, ex: poster (written,
image, spatial)
- Each mode has its own specific task and function (Kress,
2010) in the meaning making process.
The following is an overview of how meaning can be composed thru
different semiotic resources for each mode:

Written meaning is conveyed through written language.

Spoken meaning is conveyed through spoken language via live or
recorded speech and can be monologic and dialogic
Visual meaning is conveyed through choices of visual resources and
includes both still image and moving images.
Audio meaning is conveyed through sound.
Spatial meaning is conveyed through design of spaces
Gestural meaning is conveyed through choices of body movement.
TYPES OF MULTIMODAL
TEXTS

PAPER-BASED DIGITAL
MULTIMODAL MULTIMODAL

LIVE
MULTIMODAL
CREATING MULTIMODAL
TEXTS USING TOOLS OF
TECHNOLOGY