Statistics

and
Probability
Second Semester
Prepared by:
Liza P. Sewala, MT-I, EMNHS
 Chapter 4
Lesson 4
Point Estimate for the
Population Proportion .
Objectives
Understand the population proportion .
Illustrate the sampling distribution of the estimator
of .
State the characteristics of the sampling
distribution of the estimator of .
Identify the point estimator for the population
proportion
Compute the point estimator of a population
proportion .
Can you recall? TRUE of FALSE

1. The probability
value is any value
from 0 to 1.
Can you recall? TRUE of FALSE

2. A probability value
may also be expressed as
a proportion.
Can you recall? TRUE of FALSE

3. The most commonly used

statistic in describing
population characteristics is
the mean.
Can you recall? TRUE of FALSE

4. The confidence
coefficients for a 95%
confidence interval are
±2.58.
Can you recall? TRUE of FALSE

5. The Central Limit

Theorem applies to
small sample cases.
Can you recall? TRUE of FALSE

6. The mean of a sampling

distribution of means yields an
estimate of the population
mean .
Can you recall? TRUE of FALSE

7. A point estimate is
an estimate of a
sample statistic.
Can you recall? TRUE of FALSE

8. The margin of error is

needed in calculating an
interval estimate.
Can you recall? TRUE of FALSE

9. The probability
values at the tails of
the normal curve is
denoted by .
Can you recall? TRUE of FALSE

10. When the confidence

level is 99%, the
confidence coefficients
are ±2.58.
Let’s Explore
Surveys are common to elicit people’s perceptions
about emerging issues. They provide information to the
public so that they may be guided accordingly in their day-
to-day actions.
 TV Network conducts a public opinion survey on issues
that relate to the President’s policies, people’s health,
government officials’ conduct, and so on.
 Barangays conduct surveys to determine the number of
constituents in their respective areas
Let’s Explore

For surveys to be credible and

meaningful, these countable
observations should represent a
random sample from a target
population.
In-class Activity 1: GREAT ESCAPE

On a typical morning, Anthony asks his TV

viewers if they believe or do not believe the “great
escape” story of a group of soldiers from a perceived
adversary. At the end of his show, he reported that
68% of the respondents believe the story.
 What does the report mean to you?
 What do you understand by the expression
68%?
In-class Activity 1: GREAT ESCAPE

Percentages are preferred when reporting

frequencies of subsets of populations.
They are first converted into proportions
in decimal form.
Proportions also represent probabilities.
So, the probability that all TV viewers favor
the “great escape” story is 0.68.
Discussion

Proportions can be obtained from samples or

populations.
Discussion

Proportions can be obtained from samples or

populations.
For a sample proportion,
ACTIVITY 1: New Kind of Snack
1. Study the example New Kind of Snack.
2. Prepare the three-column table as shown.
Response Tally Frequency

Like (code 1)
Do not like (code 0)
3. Tally the responses in
Cannot decide (code 2) the table.
Total

4. Write the tally marks as whole numbers.

5. Complete the entries in the table.
ACTIVITY 1: New Kind of Snack
Responses:
1 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 0 0
2 1 2 2 0 2 1 2 2 2

1. What is the proportion of respondents who

like the new snack?
ACTIVITY 1: New Kind of Snack
Responses:
1 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 0 0
2 1 2 2 0 2 1 2 2 2

2. What is the proportion of respondents who do

not like the new snack?
ACTIVITY 1: New Kind of Snack
Responses:
1 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 0 0
2 1 2 2 0 2 1 2 2 2

3. What is the proportion of respondents who

cannot decide?
Discussion

Proportion is a fraction expression

where the favorable response is in the
numerator and the total number of
respondents is in the denominator.
ACTIVITY 2: Swimmers

In an island, 72% of the population can

swim.
Answer this:
a. This means that ______ out of 100 can swim.
b. As a fraction this is expressed as ______.
c. The decimal value is _______.
ACTIVITY 3: Job Satisfaction

In a job satisfaction survey in a certain mall,

700 employees were asked if they were satisfied
with their jobs. There were 518 who responded
with a YES. What proportion is this? What
proportion responded with a NO?
DISCUSSION
Characteristics of the Sampling Distribution of

1. The mean of the sampling distribution of is ; that is

is the unbiased estimator of .
2. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution
of is ; that is, , where .
DISCUSSION
Characteristics of the Sampling Distribution of

3. For large samples, the

sampling distribution of is
approximately normal. A
sample size is considered large if
the interval does not include 0
(like ) or 1 (like ).
Try this!

People Who Like To Watch Movies on the

Big Screen
In a survey of 300 individuals, 128 like to
watch movies on the big screen. Estimate the true
population proportion and where is the
proportion of those who to watch movies on the
big screen based on the sample.
TRY THIS

Find and given X and :

a. X = 28; n = 100
b. X = 45; n = 240
c. X = 120; n = 1000
d. X = 234; n = 1500
e. X = 318; n = 2300
TEST YOURSELF
1. Estimate the population proportions for each of
the following data:
a. In a plant box consisting of 120 seedlings, 80
seedlings were treated with growth enhancer.
Estimate and .
b. In a survey of 80 children, 48 like to watch
horror films. Find and , where is the
proportion of children who like to watch
horror films.
TEST YOURSELF

2. In a political rally, an opinion poll was

conducted among the present voters if they
approve the platform of the candidate. 201
said they do approve. If there were 500
individuals in the sample, what is ? What is
?
TEST YOURSELF

3. A certain barangay embarked on a QUIT

SMOKING program among the constituents. A
survey was made among a sample of 200
smoking individuals of the village asking who
would join the program. 118 said they would
join the program. What are the values of and .
TEST YOURSELF

4. A total of 200 Grade 8 students who have access to

Internet services were asked if they play games
online before they attend classes. 95 students
responded Yes. What is the population proportion of
students who play video games before attending
classes? What percent do not play video games before
attending classes?
TEST YOURSELF

5. For a particular school year, the Registrar of a

University wanted to know the proportion of
students who are enrolled in the Sciences. The
enrolment data showed a total enrolment of 6534
students. Of this total, there were 4286 enrolled in
various Science courses. What do the numbers say
about the course preferences of the students?
Extension

1. How useful are proportions in the

reports of survey results?
2. Can you make sense out of poll
surveys?
3. What do you feel or think when you
listen to a poll survey result?
Extension

1. Listen to a mass media report on the result

of a population survey.
2. Note the parameter of concern.
3. Write what you think about the report.
4. What course of action would you make
arising from this information? Why?