DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND DESIGN

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
10214CD601 MINOR PROJECT -1
SUMMER SEMESTER(2023-2024)
REVIEW-1

“IOT Based Air Pollution Monitoring System”

SUPERVISED BY
PRESENTED BY
Dr . Ms. A.BHAGYALAKSHMI, ME, PhD
1.VASUPALLI PRASANTH (VTU20638)(21UECE0066)
2.PULI SHASHANK (VTU20182)(21UECE0051)
3.SHAIK SAMEER (VTU20170.)(21UECE0059)

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 1

OVERVIEW
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES
TIMELINE OF THE PROJECT
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGIES
IMPLEMENTATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 2

 ABSTRACT
•Air pollution poses a significant threat to public health and the environment.
•Monitoring air quality is crucial for identifying pollutants and their sources.
•Develop an effective air pollution monitoring system to track various pollutants in real-time.
•Sensor Network: Deploying a network of high-quality sensors to measure pollutants like particulate matter
(PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3).
•Data Transmission: Utilizing wireless technology to transmit real-time data to a centralized database.
•Data Analysis: Employing advanced algorithms and machine learning to analyze and interpret collected data.
•Real-Time Monitoring: Providing instantaneous updates on air quality levels through a user-friendly interface
accessible via web or mobile application.
•Historical Data Analysis: Allowing users to access historical trends and patterns to identify long-term
pollution trends.
•Alerts and Notifications: Sending alerts to authorities and the public when pollutant levels exceed safety
thresholds.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 3

 OBJECTIVES
Aim of the Project:
•Establish a network of high-precision sensors strategically placed across targeted locations within the region.
•Ensure these sensors cover various pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2),
carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3).
•Create a system that collects and transmits data continuously and in real-time to a centralized database.
•Implement robust algorithms and machine learning models to process the collected data.
•Develop an intuitive user interface, accessible through web or mobile platforms, to present real-time and historical data to various
stakeholders.
•Implement an alert mechanism to notify relevant authorities and the public when pollutant levels exceed predefined safety thresholds.
Scope of the Project:
•Urban Areas: Focus on urban centers initially due to higher population density and elevated pollution levels.
•Expansion to Rural Areas: Future plans to extend monitoring systems to rural regions to address diverse environmental concerns.
•Primary Pollutants: Target pollutants include PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3 due to their significant impact on human health and
the environment.
•Potential Additions: Consider additional pollutants based on regional industrial activities or specific environmental concerns.
•Real-Time Data Collection: Collect and transmit data continuously using wireless technology to a centralized database.
•Data Quality Assurance: Implement measures to ensure data integrity, accuracy, and consistency.
•Visualization and Reporting: Present analyzed data through user-friendly interfaces accessible via web or mobile applications.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 4

 TIMELINE OF THE PROJECT

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 5

 INTRODUCTION

1.Environmental Imperative
1.Rapid industrialization and urbanization have amplified concerns about air quality worldwide.
2.Elevated levels of pollutants pose severe health risks and environmental degradation, necessitating
effective monitoring measures.
2.Purpose of Monitoring Systems
1.Air pollution monitoring systems serve as critical tools to quantify and track various pollutants present in
the atmosphere.
2.These systems aim to provide real-time, accurate data to assess air quality and mitigate health and
environmental hazards.
3.Public Health Concerns
1.The impact of poor air quality on public health is profound, contributing to respiratory diseases,
cardiovascular issues, and overall diminished well-being.
2.Monitoring systems play a pivotal role in offering insights into pollutant concentrations, enabling proactive
measures to safeguard public health.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 6

4.Environmental Impact
1.Air pollutants contribute to environmental degradation, including acid rain, smog formation, and the
deterioration of ecosystems.
2.Monitoring systems aid in identifying pollutant sources and patterns, facilitating targeted interventions
for environmental preservation.
5.Need for Comprehensive Monitoring
3.Diverse sources, such as vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and natural processes, contribute to
air pollution, necessitating a multi-pollutant monitoring approach.
4.Comprehensive systems encompassing various pollutants are essential to grasp the complex nature of air
quality dynamics.
6.Technological Advancements
5.Advances in sensor technology, data analytics, and connectivity have significantly enhanced the
accuracy and accessibility of air pollution monitoring.
6.Integration of IoT, AI, and data visualization techniques has revolutionized these systems, enabling real-
time data collection and analysis.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 7

 LITERATURE REVIEW

Author’s Name Paper name and Year of publication Main content of the
publication details paper

M. Gasseller, A. El Saddik, D. Design and Development of 2023 In this paper, we first

Brooks, A. Sunda-Meya, T. Al Surface Based Air Pollution develop a low-cost surface-
Khawli, S. Islam Measurement and based air pollutants
Monitoring System for measurement system for the
Climate Computing real-time air pollution
monitoring and forecasting
applications.

M Sitha Ram, Chintamreddy Air Quality Prediction using 2023 Identification of fresh air by
Reshmasri, Shaik Shahila, Machine Learning Algorithm predicting air quality Index is
Juluru Venkata Pavan Saketh very important for providing
better healthy environment
to the society.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 8

 Author’s Name Paper name and Year of publication Main content of the paper
publication details

P James Vijay, A Madhuri, G A Survey on IOT Based Air 2023 Poor air quality is the
Madhu Sri, Y Sri Venkata Siva Pollution Monitoring System fundamental problem that
Naga Prasad both advanced and
emerging nations must cope
with. Health problems have
been becoming worse more
quickly, mainly in urban
regions of emerging nations
where modernization and a
rise in the number of cars
lead to the emission of
various gaseous pollutants

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 9

 DESIGN AND METHODOLOGIES

Hardware Components:
1.Air Quality Sensors:
1.Select appropriate sensors for measuring key pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), carbon
monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), etc.
2.Consider using calibrated and reliable sensors for accurate data.
2.Microcontroller/Processor:
1.Choose a microcontroller or processor (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi) to interface with the sensors and
process the collected data.
2.Ensure the selected platform has sufficient processing power and connectivity options.
3.Connectivity Module:
1.Integrate communication modules like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or GSM to enable data transmission to a central
server or cloud platform.
2.MQTT or HTTP protocols are commonly used for communication.
4.Power Supply:
1.Depending on the deployment location, consider power options such as batteries, solar panels, or a
combination of both for sustainable operation.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 10

Software Components:
1.Embedded Software:
1.Develop firmware to control sensor readings, manage power consumption, and handle data
transmission.
2.Implement error handling mechanisms and calibration algorithms for accurate measurements.
2.Data Processing and Analysis:
1.Utilize cloud services (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) or a dedicated server for data storage and
processing.
2.Implement algorithms for real-time data analysis to detect pollution trends and patterns.
3.Database:
1.Store the collected data in a database for historical analysis and trend identification.
2.Consider using a relational or NoSQL database depending on the scale and complexity of the project.
4.Web/Mobile Application:
1.Create a user-friendly interface to visualize air quality data. This could be a web-based dashboard or a
mobile application.
2.Include features like real-time updates, historical data analysis, and alerts for threshold breaches.
5.User Authentication and Security:
1.Implement secure user authentication mechanisms to control access to the monitoring system.
2.Encrypt data during transmission and storage to ensure the privacy and integrity of the collected
information.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 11

Methodologies:
1.Sensor Calibration:
1.Regularly calibrate sensors to maintain accuracy and reliability over time.
2.Implement self-diagnostic mechanisms to detect sensor malfunctions.
2.Data Validation and Quality Control:
1.Implement algorithms to filter and validate incoming data to ensure the quality of measurements.
2.Set thresholds for acceptable data values and trigger alerts for anomalies.
3.Scalability and Modularity:
1.Design the system to be scalable, allowing for easy addition of new sensors or components.
2.Use a modular architecture to facilitate future upgrades or replacements.
4.Power Management:
1.Implement power-saving strategies to extend the lifespan of the monitoring system.
2.Utilize low-power modes when sensors are not actively collecting data.
5.Remote Monitoring and Maintenance:
1.Enable remote monitoring and maintenance features to troubleshoot and update the system without
physical intervention.
6.Community Engagement:
1.Consider integrating features that allow users to contribute additional data or receive community-
driven insights.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 12

 MODULE 1: Decision tree
1. Purpose of the System:
•Is the primary goal regulatory compliance or public awareness?
• Regulatory Compliance:
• Implement sensors for specific pollutants mandated by regulations.
• Focus on data accuracy and precision.
• Public Awareness:
• Include a variety of sensors for a comprehensive view of air quality.
• Emphasize user-friendly interfaces for public engagement.
2. Sensor Selection:
•Which pollutants are critical for monitoring in the target area?
• Particulate Matter (PM), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3), etc.
• Choose sensors based on accuracy, sensitivity, and the pollutants relevant to the location.
3. Connectivity:
•What type of connectivity is suitable for the deployment location?
• Urban Areas:
• Wi-Fi or Ethernet connectivity for high-speed data transmission.
• Remote Areas:
• GSM or satellite connectivity for remote data access.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 13

5. Data Transmission Protocol:
•Which protocol is suitable for transmitting data to the central server or cloud platform?
• MQTT or HTTP for real-time communication.
• Ensure secure data transmission.
6. Data Storage and Processing:
•Where will the system store and process the collected data?
• Cloud Platform:
• Use AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud for scalable data storage and processing.
• Local Server:
• Set up a dedicated server for data storage and analysis.
7. Alert Mechanism:
•How should the system handle threshold breaches or abnormal data patterns?
• Immediate Alerts:
• Send real-time alerts via SMS, email, or push notifications.
• Historical Analysis:
• Implement algorithms to identify long-term trends and patterns.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 14

 Module 2: Front end code using HTML

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 15

 Module 2: Front end code using CSS

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 16

 Module 3: Working algorithm
Algorithm of IOT Based Air pollution Monitoring system:

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 17

 Module 4: The output

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 18

 IMPLEMENTATION

Architecture Diagram
Data –Flow Diagram
Use Case Diagram
Class Diagram
Activity Diagram
Sequence Diagram
E-R Diagram

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 19

 Architecture Diagram

1. The system is developed with help of sensors, microcontroller, I2C and mobile phone with blynk application.
2. All sensors used in system are connected to ESP32 microcontroller.
3. The sensors used in system will sense all gases, and it will give the Pollution level in PPM (parts per million).
4. . MQ135, MQ3 and MQ5 gas sensor will give the output in form of voltage levels.
5. If the gas concentration increases output voltage increases and the voltage values are converted it into PPM.
6. So for converting the output in PPM, MQ135, MQ3 and MQ5 gas sensor libraries are used.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 20

 Data –Flow Diagram

1. The proposed system which can monitor the leakage of toxic gases and the level of pollution using blynk application,
ESP32 microcontroller and IoT is proposed.
2. This model is developed using MQ135, MQ2, MQ5 and DHT11 sensors where we can monitor the level of air pollution
and the poisonous gases can be sensed of the surroundings and get notified when air quality drops to some degree.
3. Microcontroller serves as the heart of this module which controls the entire process.
4. Wi-Fi module connects the whole process to blynk application and LCD is used for the visual Output.
5. Proposed Air pollution monitoring system is checked with experimental results.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 21

 Use Case Diagram

1. A utilization case chart is a sort of conduct diagram characterized by and created from a Use-case examination in the
Unified Modeling Language (UML).
2. Its will probably get a graphical portrayal of cutting edge materials regarding entertainers, targets (addressed as use
cases), and any incongruencies between those utilization cases.
3. A utilization case chart's primary objective is to show which framework exercises are led for which entertainer. The
jobs of the framework's entertainers can be highlighted.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 22

 Class Diagram

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 23

 Activity Diagram

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 24

 Sequence Diagram

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 25

 E-R Diagram

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 26

 REFERENCES

[1] M Pyingkodi, N R Wilfred Blessing, K Thenmozhi, K Kanimozhi, L Pavithira, P K Sandhya Balakrishnan, "A Smart
Air Pollutants Monitoring System Using IOT Technologies", 2023 International Conference on Intelligent Systems for
Communication, IoT and Security (ICISCoIS), pp.281-286, 2023.

[2] P James Vijay, A Madhuri, G Madhu Sri, Y Sri Venkata Siva Naga Prasad, "A Survey on IOT Based Air Pollution
Monitoring System", 2023 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSPC), pp.52-55,
2023.

[3] M Sitha Ram, Chintamreddy Reshmasri, Shaik Shahila, Juluru Venkata Pavan Saketh, "Air Quality Prediction using
Machine Learning Algorithm", 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication
Systems (ICSCDS), pp.316-321, 2023.

[4] Md Ashif Uddin, Uzzwal Kumar Dey, Moriom Akter, "Proposing A Cloud and Edge Computing Based Decision
Supportive Consolidated Farming System By Sensing Various Effective Parameters Using IoT", 2022 IEEE
International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS), pp.1-6, 2022.

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 27

 THANK YOU

May 5, 2024 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING / PROJECT TITLE 28