COMputerized

Planning
Analysis
Survey
System
 Agenda

• Introduction About COMPASS

• Basic concept Grid North
• Data Structure Hierarchical data structure
• Targets Creation of geological targets
• Survey Compute shape of wellpath
• Planning Design shape of wellpath
• Anti-collision Separation between wellpaths
• Wall Plots Editing profile and plan plots
 Introduction
COMputerized Planning and Analysis Survey System
Suite of software tools for:

• Directional Well Planning - Planning Module

• Survey Management - Survey Module
• Calculating positional uncertainty and wellbore separation - Anti-Collision
Module
• Creating hardcopy plots - Wallplot Composer Module
• Displaying results using various online graphics and reports
• Construct data repository for storing data that can be linked other data
modules.
Frequently used by:

• Oil Companies
• Well Planners
• Directional Contractors
 Introduction of EDM
The Engineer's Data Model (EDM) is Landmark’s Drilling,
Well Services, Production, and Economics integration
platform. EDM provides a common database schema that
allows for common data access, enables naturally integrated
engineering workflows, and reduces data entry duplication
across applications.
 COMPASS Modules
• Planning Module
Enables you to design the shape of the proposed wellbore
• Survey Module
Calculates a wellpath’s actual trajectory
• Anti-Collision Module
Checks the separation of surveyed and planned wellpaths
against any number of offset wells
• Site Optimiser Module
Determines optimum site location to minimize all drilling.
 History

1987 The original DOS COMPASS development by Jamieson Technical Software

1994 DRD of Tulsa, had a directional package called Wellpath acquired

COMPASS from JTS

1995 Munro Garrett who had developed the Target directional package acquired
the rights to COMPASS from DRD through the Landmark acquisition

COMPASS for Windows is a combination of the best ideas from DOS COMPASS,
Wellpath and Target.
 Installation
Compass can be installed as:

Single User Installation

• Typical rigsite installation

• All components located on the hard disk.

Network Installation

• Enables components to be shared centrally on a network drive.

• Units, custom reports and wallplot formats are stored locally.
• Multi-user database can be stored on the server.
 Licensing
COMPASS is broken out into three separate licensed modules:

• Survey
• Planning
• Anti-Collision

Licensing is available in the following forms:

• Bitlock Hardware device plugged into the parallel port of the PC,
which
can only be used for standalone installations
• Crypkey Standalone licensing method, whereby licenses can be
transferred from one PC to another
• Netsecur Network only licensing method
• FlexLM Standalone or network licensing method, which is driven by the
Ethernet card of the machine
Status Window
The Status Window displays:
The currently open data set including the Company, Project,
Site, Well, Wellbore, Design, Plan and Survey
 Status box stating which Company, Project,
Site, Well, Wellbore is open

 Drawing of vertical datum reference with

elevation information for the open wellbore

 Drawing of the slot position with north

arrow for co-ordinate information for the
open well
 Shape of the Earth

We think of the It is actually a spheroid, slightly

earth as a sphere larger in radius at the equator
than at the poles
 Earth surface
• Representation of the Earth Surface
Ellipsoid

Topographic

Geoid
 Ellipsoid

• The closest mathematical model to the shape of the

earth.
• Defined by -
 Datum

• A map datum is a reference surface which is defined

mathematically and approximates the shape of the earth in
particular areas.
• A local datum is specific to an area (Bessel 1841)
• A global datum is used to define the whole earth (WGS
84)
 Map Projection

• A map projection is a mathematical formula which has

been designed to project the positioning on the curved
surface to a flat map.
Y

Origin X

(xo,yo)
(o,o)
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

• The world is divided up into 60

equal zones between 84° North
and 80° South.
• Each zone has a Central
Meridian (o), zones are 6° wide
• 60 zones cover the earth from
East to West
• Polar regions are covered by
other, special projections.
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Lambert Conformal Conic
One location different coordinates
 Grid Convergence

• The difference between Grid North

and True North.
• Correction have to be applied if
surveys are referenced to Grid
North.
• Computed using the below
equation:

• Grid Convergence =
Sin Latitude x (Longitude -CM)
 Magnetic Declination

• The correction from True

North to Magnetic North is
called Magnetic Declination
• Magnetic survey tools (e.g.
MWD) give azimuth readings
to Magnetic North
• Magnetic Declination varies
by location and time
• We use the BGGM model to
compute mag dec
Magnetic Declination
 Total correction

• Total Correction = Magnetic Declination - Grid Convergence

COMPASS has a hierarchical data structure .....

Company
Project
Site
Well
WellBore
Design
Plan & Survey
... starting at the lowest level...
Company
Project
Site
Well
WellBore
Design
Plan & Survey
 Survey
Survey Observation

Normal - MD, Inc, Azi

Inc Only - MD, Inc
Inertial - MD, Inc, Azi,
TVD, N/S, E/W

• A Survey is a series of observations made in a section of wellbore

with the same survey tool on the same run.
• Each Survey Tool is assigned an Error Model for calculating
Positional Uncertainty.
Plan #1 (A2/A2-S0) Plan

• COMPASS can be used to Plan

through the entire lifecycle of a
well
• Plans can be either 2D or 3D...
and can be threaded through any number of targets.
• Active plans can be combined with the Anti-
collision module to scan against offset wells
Company
Project
Site
Well
WellBore
Design
Plan & Survey
 Design

• Survey program.
• Vertical section setting
• Depth Reference Datum
• Casing program
• Drilled Formation description
Company
Project
Site
Well
WellBore
Design
Plan & Survey
 WellBore
Surveys

Definitive
Wellpath
Plans
Plans

• A Wellbore may have many surveys

• A Wellpath may have many plans...
• ...but only one Principal Plan
• A wellbore may have a Definitive Survey
• At the planning stage, the definitive wellpath may be the principal plan ...
• …but while drilling, it would be a combination of the most accurate surveys
 WellBore
Survey Date: 20/04/2000

IGRF Loc: 51º 5’ 45” N 3 º 15’ 33” E

Geomagnetic Field

•A Wellpath will also have its own local Magnetic Field calculated using the Geomagnetic
Model defined at the Field Level
•This local Field is calculated using an appropriate Date of Operations when surveys were
being recorded and the Wellpath Location
Company
Project
Site
Well
WellBore
Design
Plan & Survey
 Well

0.0 N/S

0.0 E/W

Well Reference Point

• A Well is a surface location referenced from the site local coordinate system
• It may have one or more wellpaths referenced to it
• If required, a well can have a Well Reference Point which defines a permanent
point upon which vertical depths can be displayed, stored and referenced.
Company
Project
Site
Well
WellBore
Design
Plan & Survey
 Site

0.0 N/S

0.0 E/W

Targets

• A Site is a collection of wells.

• The site centre may be given map or geodetic co-ordinates...
• and a elevation above a system or Field Datum.
• Sites can have Targets...
• which can be assigned to a single wellpath...
• or can be shared amongst more than one wellpath
Company
Project
Site
Well
WellBore
Design
Plan & Survey
 Project
Geodetic System

Geomagnetic
Model

• A Project is a collection of sites...

• within the same Geodetic System.
• All sites within a field are aligned to either grid north or true north
• A Field has a field datum, the name given to 0 TVD for the Field
• You can select a Geomagnetic Model to compute magnetic declination.
Company
Project
Site
Well
WellBore
Design
Plan & Survey
 Company
Anti-collision
Preferences
Survey Calculation
Method
MD cos(I)

Survey Tool Errors

Errors intrinsic in
wellbore surveying

• A Company may have several projects

• Companies may have different policies on ...
• ...Anti-collision calculations ...
• ...Survey Calculation methods
• ...Survey Tool Error parameters.
 Agenda

• Introduction About COMPASS

• Data Structure Hierarchical data structure

• Targets Creation of geological targets
• Survey Compute shape of wellpath
• Planning Design shape of wellpath
• Anti-collision Separation between wellpaths
• Wall Plots Editing profile and plan plots
Targets
A target is a point in a geological space that is used
as an aiming point or volume for directing wellpaths

The Target Editor contains two lists:

•site targets
- all targets in the current site
•wellpath targets
- targets associated with the current wellpath
- a subset of the site list
 Targets
Geological Target

Target Centre
 Geometry

Point Circle Ellipse Rectangle

• Geometrical Targets may be defined as a point, circle, ellipse, or rectangle.

 Geometry

Point Circle Ellipse Rectangle

• Geometrical Targets may be defined as a point, circle, ellipse or rectangle.

• You can offset the “aiming point” from the geometric centre.
 Geometry

Point Circle Ellipse Rectangle

• Geometrical Targets may be defined as a point, circle, ellipse or rectangle.

• You can offset the “aiming point” from the geometric centre.
• Using thickness up and down, the “aiming point can be offset vertically.
 Geometry

Point Circle Ellipse Rectangle

• Geometrical Targets may be defined as a point, circle, ellipse or rectangle.

• You can offset the “aiming point” from the geometric centre.
• With thickness up and down the “aiming point can be offset vertically.
• Targets can be rotated ...
 Geometry

Point Circle Ellipse Rectangle

• Geometrical Targets may be defined as a point, circle, ellipse or rectangle.

• You can offset the “aiming point” from the geometric centre.
• With thickness up and down the “aiming point can be offset vertically.
• Targets can be rotated ...
• ... and inclined from horizontal with rotation about the “aiming point”.
 Polygon Targets

• Polygonal Targets may be defined with any number of points

 Polygon Targets

• Polygonal Targets may be defined with any number of points

• They may also be assigned a thickness above and below a centre
 Polygon Targets

• Polygonal Targets may be defined with any number of points

• They may also be assigned a thickness above and below a centre
• Polygons can be rotated ...
• ... and inclined from horizontal with rotation about the “aiming point”.
 Geological and Driller’s Targets
Geological
Target 1. Surveys show that well has
penetrated the target at .
Uncertainty in this position is
usually represented by an error
ellipse (this one is drawn at 2sd).

2. Points are 100 possible repeat

survey locations of the actual point
of penetration.

The 8 points lying outside the

geological target represent the 8%
probability that the target has
been missed.

We say the “inclusion probability”

at the point is 92%.
 Geological and Driller’s Targets
3. We can colour-code the inclusion
probability at every point inside the
geological target boundary as
follows:
> 95%
90% - 95%
< 90%
etc.
The result is a “contour map”

Well
Direction
 Geological and Driller’s Targets
3. We can colour-code the inclusion
probability at every point inside the
geological target boundary as
follows:
> 95%
90% - 95%
< 90%
etc.

Drillers The result is a “contour map”

Target

4. Approximating one of the

probability contours with
straight lines defines the
extent of a Driller’s target
Well
Direction
 Confidence Levels
• Confidence levels are required to make risk based
decisions on collision and target intercept calculations.
• The sigma value states the confidence level for the survey
errors in number of standard deviations.
• Error terms are expressed in standard deviations from the
mean (or sigma).
• One standard deviation implies that roughly 65% of
readings will be within the stated error.
• Two standard deviations require that 95% of readings will
be within the stated error.
 Confidence Levels
Frequency

1 S.D. ~ 65% of all results

2 S.D. ~ 95% of all results

3 S.D. ~ 99%
of all results

3 S.D. 2 S.D. 1 S.D. 1 S.D. 2 S.D. 3 S.D.

Measurement

1 Standard Deviation
From The Mean

A 2 Sigma (S.D.) Ellipse will describe a

volume which the wellbore will be inside
95% of the time
 Confidence Levels

a
gm
Si
3
a
gm
Si a
2
gm
Si
1

Confidence Levels are statistical values

determining how sure we can classify a
well as being inside an ellipsoid.
 Error Elipses
Geological Target Error Ellipse

Error Ellipse

Depends upon well bore trajectory and

planned method of surveying the well
bore.
 Error Elipses
Geological Target Error Ellipse

Target Centre According to the confidence level we

require, the well may lie OUTSIDE the
Geological Target

Can we say that a well drilled

to this position is confidently
within the Geological Target?
Drillers Target
1 Sigma = 65% Confidence Drilling Target

2 Sigma = 95% Confidence Drilling Target

3 Sigma = 99% Confidence Target

 Agenda

• Introduction About COMPASS

• Data Structure Hierarchical data structure

• Targets Creation of geological targets
• Survey Compute shape of wellpath
• Planning Design shape of wellpath
• Anti-collision Separation between wellpaths
• Wall Plots Editing profile and plan plots
 Survey Module
• Calculates drilled wellpath trajectories from
entered survey data using the company
specified survey calculation method.
• Using an assigned survey tool error model for
each survey, the wellpath positional
uncertainty over the depth range of the
survey can be calculated and included in the
definitive wellpath to be used for anti-
collision.
 Survey Module
Main components
• Survey Setup
– Enter the tie-on point
– Assign a survey tool
– Import from an ASCII and Excel file
• Survey Editor
– Type in surveys
– Compute the wellpath shape
– Project ahead from the last survey point
– Interpolate points by MD, TVD, INC or AZI
 Survey Module

•Survey Analysis
– Generate survey data quality charts and reports
•Survey Reports
– Create either pre-defined reports, or
– Design your own survey reports
 Definitive Path
• The definitive path may be
either a plan or be compiled from
one or more surveys. When
calculating wellpath uncertainty and
wellpath separation, COMPASS uses
the definitive path, not individual
surveys.
 Definitive Path

• Made up of a survey or combination of surveys that most

accurately describes the wellpath shape

• Calculations are made against the definitive paths when

conducting an anti-collision scan

• The principal plan can be part of the definitive path

• Can be updated when new survey data becomes available

 The Definitive Path Story

1st Hole Section 1st Hole Section 2nd Hole Section Open 2nd Hole Section
Open Hole Cased hole Cased - Final Survey
MWD1 Definitive Path Gyro 1 Definitive Path MWD2 Definitive Path Gyro 2 Gyro FS

MWD is the only data MWD replaced by a gyro MWD in next open hole Gyro run from surface
we have so it survey. The gyro survey section tied-on to gyro to replaces all previous
becomes the becomes the Definitive form Definitive Path surveys to form the
Definitive Path Path Definitive Path
 Definitive Path while Drilling
Survey List
26” TOTCO 26” TOTCO
TOTCO 26”
MSS 17-1/2”
13-3/8” MMS 13-3/8” MMS 13-3/8” MMS MMS 13-3/8”
MWD 12-1/4”
MMS 9-5/8”
17-1/2” MSS MWD 8-1/2”
GYRO 7”

12-1/4”
9-5/8” MWD
MMS 9-5/8”
7” MMS
GYRO

8-1/2” MWD

Definitive Path: MMS 13-3/8”

TOTCO 26” MMS 13-3/8”
TOTCO 26” MMS 13-3/8”
MSS 17-1/2” GYRO9-5/8”
MMS 7”
MMS 9-5/8”
MWD 12-1/4”
MWD 8-1/2”
 Agenda

• Introduction About COMPASS

• Data Structure Hierarchical data structure

• Targets Creation of geological targets
• Survey Compute shape of wellpath
• Planning Design shape of wellpath
• Anti-collision Separation between wellpaths
• Wall Plots Editing profile and plan plots
 2D - Slant “J” Well
L1 4 Parameters
Kick Off Point
B1 2 to define
Build
Section 2 to compute

Ta
ng
en
tS
ec
I1 L2 tio
n Target

L1 Measured Depth of Kick Off

B1 Build Rate at Start
I1 Maximum Angle
L2 Length of Hold Section
 2D - “S” Well
L1
Kick Off Point
B1 L1 Measured Depth of Kick Off
Build B1 Build Rate at Start
Section I1 Maximum Angle
L2 Length of Hold Section
Ta
n ge
nt
Se
B2 2nd Build Rate
I1 L2 ct i
on I2 Final Inclination
L3 Length of Final Hold
Build/Drop
Section 2
B2
Ta
n
ge
7 Parameters L3 nt
Se
c t io
5 to define I2
n2

2 to compute
Target
 3D - Build/Turn

To MD To TVD To Inclination To Azimuth

Tangent to Align by
Point Online by TVD
Inclination
 3D - Dogleg/Toolface

To MD To TVD To Inclination To Direction

Curve

Hold

Tangent to Point Plan to a Point On Line by TVD Align by Inclination

 3D - Optimum Align “3D S”
By the end of this method be on a specified
inclination and direction.

Get there by ...

(Curve \ Hold \ Curve)

Target
 3D - Optimum Align “3D S”
... entering two dogleg rates

or...

(Curve \ Hold \ Curve)

Target
 3D - Optimum Align “3D S”
... entering the TVD of the start and end
of the tangent section

or....

(Curve \ Hold \ Curve)

Target
 3D - Optimum Align “3D S”
... entering the length of tangent section

(Curve \ Hold \ Curve)

Target
 Hold
You can add straight-line projection to either a MD, TVD or VSEC.

Measure Depth

Useful for :

• defining a planned KOP

• extending the trajectory
beyond a target
 Hold

True Vertical Depth

 Hold

Vertical Section
 Landing Calcs
Landing Calculation contain plan methods for horizontal or dipping formation targets.

Simple Projection
Landing Calcs
Target Plane
 Unexpected Solutions
Warning:
If you develop a plan to 30° inclination
then specify a build to 10°, Compass will

provide a mathematical solution...

...but it may not be what you expected.

 Thread Targets
Use this method to thread a series of targets. Targets can be sorted by...

Displacement Increasing TVD Descending TVD

OR OR OR

Name Glory - A2
Glory - A1
Target List
Glory - B1 Glory - A1
Glory - A2
Glory - B1
Glory - B2 Glory - B2
Glory - C1
Glory - C2
Glory - C2 Glory - C1
 Thread Targets
Targets can be threaded using either ...

Curve Only Curve-Hold Optimum-Align

OR OR OR

Straight Line Least Turn

Anti-Collision
Alpha
Echo
 Anti-Collision Concepts

Error System
•Wellbore position uncertainty

Scan Method
•Distance between wellpaths

Error Surface
•Calculating dimension of error surfaces between wellpaths

Warning Method
•Criteria for reporting separation
 Error System
Wellbore position uncertainty

• Cone of Error
─ Inclination Cone of Error
• Systematic Ellipse (SPE 9223)
– also known as Wolff & de Wardt
• ISCWSA (SPE 56702)
– Industry Steering Committee for WellBore Survey Accuracy
 Cone of Error
The size of the sphere is computed as follows

Radius of sphere around previous observation + MD interval x survey

tool error coefficient / 1000.

The survey tool error coefficient depends on the

current tool inclination and the values contained in the
Inc/Error grid for that survey tool.

Inclination Expansion
0° to 14.99° 7ft/1000ft
15° to 24.99° 9ft/1000ft
25° to 34.99° 12ft/1000ft
35° to 49.99° 14ft/1000ft
50° to 79.99° 15ft/1000ft
80° to 89.99° 21ft/1000ft
 Systematic Ellipse
Combines survey tool errors.
•Relative Depth Error
•Misalignment Error
•True Inclination Error
•Compass Reference Error
•Drillstring Magnetization
• Gyrocompass
ISCWSA Error Model
Industry Steering Committee for Wellbore
Survey Accuracy – “Accuracy Prediction for
Directional MWD” (SPE 56702) - 2000
• Dynamic Number of Error Sources, Each having its
own weighting formula – interpreted by LL1 parser.
• Tie-On determines how an error source is tied onto
sources:
•Random
•Systematic
•Well
•Global
• Depth Measurement Errors
- Independent treatment,
- At Station or Assigned Depth
• Vector Direction
- Normally Distributed Errors
- Bias Errors
 Scan Method
Distance between wellpaths

• Horizontal

• 3-Dimensional closest approach

•Travelling Cylinder
Scan Method
Offset Well Reference Well
3 Dimensional
Horizontal
Travelling Cylinder
3 Dimensional
Offset well Reference Well
Advantages- Always 3 Dimensional
show the minimum
distance to an offset
wellpath.

Disadvantages- Gives a
distorted impression of
separation on a travelling
cylinder plot.
Travelling Cylinder
Offset well Reference Well
Advantages- True to the
concept of a traveling
cylinder plot. Travelling Cylinder

Disadvantages- Difficult to
understand, scans from offset
well back to reference well
Horizontal
Offset well Reference Well
Advantages- Simple to
understand. Horizontal

Disadvantages- Should not be

used to scan non-vertical wells.
May miss a collision between
horizontal & vertical wellpaths.
Cannot be used to scan horizontal
wells.
 Error Surfaces
The Error Surface determines the shape of the errors when relating
one wellpath to another in the anti-collision separation factor
calculation.
Separation Centre to Centre Separation
=
Factor
R1 + R2
Error Surface models are usually specified by Company policy for
survey accuracy and collision avoidance assessments.
Compass has 3 available error surface models:

• Elliptical Conic
• Circular Conic
• Combined Covariance
 Eliptical Conic
Radius Projected onto Error Ellipse as Intersected by
Centre to Centre Plane
Offset Well
Error Ellipse

Reference Well Minor

Major
Error Ellipse
R1 R2
Plane
Minor C-C
Major

Separation Centre to Centre Separation

=
Factor
R1 + R2
 Circular Conic
Radius Projected onto Major Error Ellipse Dimension
 Combined Covariance
• Combines the errors by covariance addition before
calculation.
• Computed by the ‘elliptical conic’ Where Casings are
included the radii are subtracted from the center- to -
center distance.
• The separation factor derived from the combined
covariance technique can be directly correlated to collision
risk as it represents the standard deviation value for the
‘tail of the probability distribution’.
 Casing Diameters

Including Casing Radii in the Separation Factor calculation results in the Centre to
Centre distance being reduced by the sum of the Casing radii assuming that
Casing is centred in the Wellbore

Centre to Centre Distance

12-1/4” OH Without Casing Radii 8-1/2” OH

9-5/8” Casing With Casing Radii 7” Liner

Separation Centre to Centre Separation

=
Factor
R1 + R2
 Warning Method
•Error Ratio

Depend on the ratio of the separation distance divided by the combined error radii of
the reference and offset wells at a given depth (separate factor) .
•Depth Ratio
The warning given will depend on the ratio of the separation distance divided by the
depth times a ratio (i.e. 10/1000 MD) Error values may be added to this cone.
•Rules Based
Will use a probability of intercept to evaluate risk.
Separation Factor
 View Anticollision Results

• Spider view
• Travelling cylinder
• ladder view
• Separation factor
• 3D view
Spider view
Travelling Cylinder
In this reference well, high side
orientation shifts flips through 180°
as the well passes through vertical.
The offset well is vertical and to the
south.
Travelling cylinder scan results plotted
on a travelling cylinder graph results in
an apparent collision, i.e. a line
crossing the centre of the graph where
the reference well passed through
vertical.

The High Side + Azimuth method

correctly portrays this situation.by
showing that the offset well never
came within 5 (units) of the reference
well.
 Travelling Cylinder Scan
Travelling Cylinder Scan calculated closest
point from E4-S0 scan point to A2-S0:
• C-C Separation = 4967.40 ft
• Ratio Factor = 47.57

E4-S0 Reference Well

Scanning Point

A2-S0 Offset Well

748
Travelling Cylinder View 0
748 Colour T
330 30 5
5
600 600 6
6
7
7
400 400 8
300 60

This depth range here displays 5200

5100
5300
5000
54004900
overlap of the offset and reference 5500 4800Wellpath A2-S0 is above and to the
200 200 5600 4700
well ‘pedal’ curves. 5700 4600right.
5800 4500
5900 4400
6000
6100 4300
0 270 90
6200
6300
6400
200 200 6500 Wellpath A2-S0 is now below
6600 moving from right to left.
6700
6800
240 6900 120
400 400
7000
7100
7200
7300
7400
7500
600 7600 600
7700
7800
210 7900 150
748 748
180
Reference Toolface Angle [deg] vs Centre to Centre Separation [ft]
 Ladder View
Plan: A1-S2P1 (A1/A1-S2)

8000
Centre to Centre Separation [ft]

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

E4-S0
1000 A2-S0

0
4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 7400 7600 7800 8000

Measured Depth [ft]

Separation factor view
3D View
 Anti-Collision
Error Surface Intersection

D E
C

R1 + R2
F
B
Offset A G

Wellpath H
I J K

Reference
Measured Depth Wellpath
R1 A

e
Plan
e -Centre B
t r
Cen

R2 C
TD
D

Centre-Centre Plane intersects

(R2) through major axis then E
around to minor axis of ellipse. F
G
H
I
TD K
J
Errors

Pedal Error Surface

Standard Error Ellipse

 Anti-Collision
Ellipse Projected Extent

Reference Well Offset Well

Centre-Centre Plane

Ce
n tre
-C
en
tre
Pl
an
e

Offset Well Ellipse

A2-S0 @ 6850 ft
Reference Well Ellipse
S.F. = 0.67
Ce
n tr
e-
Ce
n tr
eP
lan
e
四种防碰
扫描方法
比较

法面法
优点：钻头处最近点
缺点：易于混淆井深相同时
的距离； 难以区别参考井交
叉直井

高边 + 方位角
优点：能够区别参考井交叉
直井
缺点：互成直角井眼防碰数
据缺失
 Wallplot Composer

• Flexible for any size of printer and plot paper

• The object can be configured, resized, and
customized in many ways which are graph,
legend, text box, or other items
• Export to Windows metafies.
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