QUARTER IV

INTRODUCTION
TO STATISTICS
 Outline of topics
 IMPORTANCE OF STATISTICS

 GATHERING OF DATA

 ORGANIZATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA

Course  MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY OF UNGROUPED
Overview DATA

 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY OF GROUPED

DATA

 MEASURES OF VARIABILITY OF UNGROUPED DATA

 MEASURES OF VARIABILITY OF GROUPED DATA

STATISTICS IS THE
GRAMMAR OF
SCIENCE.

KARL PEARSON
 - the branch of
Mathematics that deals
with collecting, organizing,
presenting, analyzing and
STATISTICS interpreting data collected
in a systematic manner
with a definite purpose
IMPORTANCE Education

OF STATISTICS Business

Science
SHAR E YOUR T HOUGHT S WIT H THE
C L ASS. Government
 Education
frequently used to describe the
scores of the students

SHAR E YOUR T HOUGHT S WIT H THE

C L ASS.
  Education
IMPORTANCE
OF STATISTICS Business

Science
SHAR E YOUR T HOUGHT S WIT H THE
C L ASS. Government
 Business
Business owners can provide
better product at reasonable costs
by statistical quality control
techniques

SHAR E YOUR T HOUGHT S WIT H THE

C L ASS.
  Education
IMPORTANCE
OF STATISTICS  Business

Science
SHAR E YOUR T HOUGHT S WIT H THE
C L ASS. Government
 Science
the data resulting from experiments must
be collected and analyzed. Contagious
diseases are controlled through analysis
designed to anticipate
epidemics/pandemics

SHAR E YOUR T HOUGHT S WIT H THE

C L ASS.
  Education
IMPORTANCE
OF STATISTICS  Business

 Science
SHAR E YOUR T HOUGHT S WIT H THE
C L ASS. Government
Government
many kinds of statistical data are
collected all the time. An example of this
is conducting a survey to identify the
qualified families for 4Ps (Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program).

SHAR E YOUR T HOUGHT S WIT H THE

C L ASS.
  Education
IMPORTANCE
OF STATISTICS  Business

 Science
SHAR E YOUR T HOUGHT S WIT H THE
C L ASS.  Government
 POPULATION
VS
SAMPLE

THE VERY CORE OF STATISTICS

Population Sample
Subset of a
A complete population that will
collection of all serve as a
elements to be representative to the
studied whole population
Population Sample
Population Sample
 ACTIVITY

TRY ME; I AM PART OF A WHOLE

 All male students of
TNHS

DETERMINE IF THE GIVEN STATEMENT

INVOLVES A POPULATION OR SAMPLE
 Registered voters in the
municipality of San
Leonardo

DETERMINE IF THE GIVEN STATEMENT

INVOLVES A POPULATION OR SAMPLE
 One candidate of Miss
World each country

DETERMINE IF THE GIVEN STATEMENT

INVOLVES A POPULATION OR SAMPLE
 List of Presidential
Candidates for Election
2022

DETERMINE IF THE GIVEN STATEMENT

INVOLVES A POPULATION OR SAMPLE
 QUANTITATIVE
VS
QUALITATIVE

THE NATURE OF DATA

 Weight

Height
QUANTITATIVE
DATA No. of siblings

Number of students
consist of numbers
representing counts or
measurements
QUANTITATIVE Discrete
DATA Result from either a finite number
of possible values or countable
number of values

Discrete
No. of students in a class
Vs No. of siblings

Continuous
QUANTITATIVE Continuous
DATA Result from infinitely many
possible values that can be
associated with points or
continuous scale.
Discrete
Height
Vs
Weight
Continuous Temperature
 Gender

Religion
QUALITATIVE
DATA Marital Status

Eye Color
can be separated into
d i ff e r e n t c a t e g o r i e s t h a t a r e
distinguished by some
nonnumeric characteristics
 EXAMPLES

QUANTITATIVE OR QUALITATIVE
 Ages of Principals

Quantitative - Continuous

CLASSIFY THE GIVEN VARIABLE AS

QUANTITATIVE OR QUALITATIVE. IF
QUANTITATIVE, CLASSIFY THIS AS
DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS
 Number of students
in the c lassroom

Quantitative - Discrete

CLASSIFY THE GIVEN VARIABLE AS

QUANTITATIVE OR QUALITATIVE. IF
QUANTITATIVE, CLASSIFY THIS AS
DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS
 Brand of Cellular
Phone

Qualitative

CLASSIFY THE GIVEN VARIABLE AS

QUANTITATIVE OR QUALITATIVE. IF
QUANTITATIVE, CLASSIFY THIS AS
DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS
 Faculty Rank

Qualitative

CLASSIFY THE GIVEN VARIABLE AS

QUANTITATIVE OR QUALITATIVE. IF
QUANTITATIVE, CLASSIFY THIS AS
DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS
 Height of New Born
Babies

Quantitative - Continuous

CLASSIFY THE GIVEN VARIABLE AS

QUANTITATIVE OR QUALITATIVE. IF
QUANTITATIVE, CLASSIFY THIS AS
DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS
 SEATWORK

QUANTITATIVE OR QUALITATIVE
CLASSIFY THE GIVEN VARIABLE AS QUANTITATIVE OR
QUALITATIVE. IF QUANTITATIVE, CLASSIFY THIS AS DISCRETE OR
CONTINUOUS

1) QUALITATIVE
Opinion on a political issue
2) NumberDATA
of hospitals that have nuclear center
3) Length of Basketball Court
4) Ranks of personnel in a military
5) Cellphone numbers

Continuation – Page 536 Activity 4: 1 - 10

 NOMINAL
LEVELS
OF
ORDINAL
MEASUREMENT
INTERVAL

RATIO
 Gender
NOMINAL
LEVEL OF Religion
MEASUREMENT
Race

characterized by names or labels Civil Status

to various categories with no
implied ordering or ranking.
Sports
 Customer Satisfaction
ORDINAL Survey rating
(Needs improvement, good,

LEVEL OF very good, good job)

MEASUREMENT
Size of clothes
(small, medium, large)
classifies data into categories that
can be ranked or ordered, but the
interval between measurements is
not meaningful.
 INTERVAL
Temperature
LEVEL OF
MEASUREMENT IQ Test

Has meaningful interval between

measurements but there is no true
zero.
 RATIO Money conversion
LEVEL OF Cost of products
MEASUREMENT
The highest level of measurement.
Ratios between measurements as
well as intervals are meaningful
because is a true zero.
 EXAMPLES

LEVEL OF MEASUREMENTS
 Temperature in San
Isidro
Interval

Determine in which of the four levels of

measurements (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio)
this data will belong.
 Money earned for a
month
Ratio

Determine in which of the four levels of

measurements (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio)
this data will belong.
 Ranks of personnel
in TNHS
Ordinal

Determine in which of the four levels of

measurements (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio)
this data will belong.
 Hair color of a
person
Nominal

Determine in which of the four levels of

measurements (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio)
this data will belong.
 Nationality

Nominal

Determine in which of the four levels of

measurements (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio)
this data will belong.
 SEATWORK

LEVELS OF MEASUREMENTS
ANSWER ACTIVITY 5: Up to the Next Level on page 538 n

QUALITATIVE
GIVE ATDATA
LEAST 3 USES OF STATISTICS