BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

OFFICE OF THE REGNL DIR R2

FIRE SAFETY PROGRAM
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 Fire, helpful and destructive to
mankind, is more than a necessary evil:
controlled, it provides warmth and food,
but uncontrolled, it produces death and
destruction.

Because of the power of fire, its

unintentional origin and behavior are
difficult to predict and determine.
 In order to understand the behavior
of fire, one must have an understanding of
the chemical principles that control its
origin and spread and the physical
phenomena that result from its behavior.
Fire itself is a chemical phenomenon,
all fuels are (synthetic or organic) chemical
compounds and when fuel is ignited, the
result is a chemical reaction with
predictable physical effects.
 The diffusion flame process (fire)
is a rapid self-sustaining oxidation process
accompanied by the evolution of heat and light
of varying intensities.
FIRE consists of three
basic elements, as
represented by the fire
triangle: HEAT, FUEL
and OXYGEN.
These basic
components have been
recognized in the science
Oxygen is always present in the home.
If, however, you can separate heat sources from
fuel sources (combustibles), you will have taken the first
step toward fire prevention.

 HEAT SOURCES - Anything that produces heat.

Damaged electrical wiring Stoves
Heating appliances

 FUEL SOURCES - Anything that will burn.

Clothing Curtains
Furniture Flammable liquids
 The combustion reaction can be depicted more
accurately by a four-sided solid geometric form called a
tetrahedron.
tetrahedron
The four sides represent HEAT,
HEAT FUEL,
FUEL
OXYGEN,
OXYGEN and UNINHIBITED CHAIN
REACTIONS.
REACTIONS
OXYGEN
TEMPERATURE

FUEL
UNINHIBITED CHAIN REACTION
OF COMBUSTION PROCESS
1.CLASS A = FIRES INVOLVING ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS.
Ex. Rubber, plastics, fibers, wood, papers etc.

2. CLASS B = FIRES INVOLVING FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS AND GASES.

Ex. Gasoline, paints, Liquified petroleum gas

3. CLASS C = FIRES INVOLVING ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS.

Ex. Overloading elect’l system, short circuit, defective appliances

4. CLASS D = FIRES INVOLVING COMBUSTIBLE METALS.

Ex. Sodium, potassium, explosives

1. COOLING / QUENCHING = REDUCTION OF TEMPERATURE.

2. BLANKETTING = REMOVAL OF OXYGEN.

3. STARVING = REMOVAL OF FUEL.

 HOW DOES FIRE SPREAD?

3 WAYS OF HEAT TRANSFER

1.CONDUCTION = TRANSFER OF HEAT FROM HOT SURFACE TO A

COOLER SURFACE BY DIRECT CONTACT OR THRU A CONDUCTOR.

2. CONVECTION = TRANSFER OF HEAT FROM HOT SURFACE TO A

COOLER SURFACE THRU MOVEMENT HOT GASES AND LIQUIDS.

3. RADIATION = TRANSFER OF HEAT FROM HOT SURFACE TO A

COOLER SURFACE THRU ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITHOUT
INTERVENING MEDIUM.
HOW DOES FIRE WILL INTENSIFY?
= THRU THE FACTORS WHICH WILL AFFECT THE RATE OF
INTENSITY OF HEAT.

1. Amount of fuel available for burning.

2. Calorific value of fuel
3. Oxygen supply available
4. Surfaced area of exposure
5. Flame length produce
  INSTALL SMOKE ALARMS
Smoke alarms save lives by warning you
about a fire while there's time to escape. Install
alarms on every floor of your home, including
the basement, and outside each sleeping area -
inside as well, if you sleep with the door closed -
and test them once a month. Smoke alarms lose
their sensitivity over time. Replace alarms 10 or
more years old.

 AUTOMATIC HOME FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Consider installing an automatic home fire sprinkler system in
your home. Sprinklers can contain and even extinguish a home
fire in less time than it takes the fire department to arrive.
 PLAN YOUR ESCAPE
If there’s a fire, you have to get out fast,
so be prepared. Draw a floor plan of your
home, marking two ways out of each room.
Go over the plan with your household so
that everyone knows how to escape if
there's a fire, then physically walk through
each escape route. Decide on an outside
meeting place in front of your home where
everyone will meet after they've escaped.
Practice your escape plan by holding a fire
drill twice a year.
 IN A FIRE, CRAWL LOW
UNDER SMOKE
Smoke and heat rise, so
during a fire there's cleaner,
cooler air near the floor.
Always try another exit if you
encounter smoke when you are
escaping a fire. But if you have
to escape through smoke, crawl
on your hands and knees with
you head I to 2 feet (30 to 60
centimeters) above the floor.
  SMOKERS' SAFETY
Don't smoke in bed or when


you're drowsy. Give smokers
large, deep, non-tip ash trays,
and soak butts and ashes before
dumping them. If someone has
been smoking in your home,
check on and around furniture,
including under cushions, for
smoldering cigarettes.
COOK SAFELY


Always stay with the stove
when cooking, or turn off burners
if you walk away. Wear clothes
with snug - rolled up - sleeves
when you cook to avoid catching
your clothes on fire. Turn pot
handles inward where you can't
bump them and children can't grab
them, and enforce a "kid-free
zone" 3 feet around your stove
when you cook.
 KEEP MATCHES AND LIGHTERS OUT OF SIGHT
Keep matches and lighters away from children. Lock them up high
and out of reach, and use only child- resistant lighters. Teach young
children to tell you if they find matches or lighters; teach older children
to bring matches and lighters to an adult before they fall into young
hands.
 USE ELECTRICITY SAFELY
Know the warning signs of problems for
electrical appliances: flickering lights, smoke
or odd smells, blowing fuses, tripping circuit
breakers or frayed or cracked cords. Check
carefully any appliances that display a
warning sign, and repair or replace. Don't run
extension cords across doorways or where
they can be walked on or pinched by furniture.
 STOP, DROP, AND ROLL
If your clothing catches on fire, remember:
STOP: Don't run. Running feeds oxygen to the fire
and makes it worse.
DROP: Instead, drop immediately to the floor.
ROLL: Cover your face with your hands and roll
over and over to smother the flames. Cool the burn with
cool water for 10 - 15 minutes. Call for help.
 TEST DOORS BEFORE OPENING
You can easily be overcomed by heat, smoke or
flames when you open a door to an area where a fire has
spread.


 DON'T LOCK SAFETY
GATES ON WINDOWS
Fumbling for a key or
combination during an
emergency will reduce the
opportunity for a safe exit.
 Unattended cooking equipment Unattended electric iron

Improper wiring system

Improper discarding of cigarette butts Octopus connection – overloading of circuit.

Unattended children playing matches Mosquito coils near combustible rugs

Fire trapped window grills

Never leave a warm or hot iron
unattended. An unattended
iron that is on will scorch
fabric and may cause a fire.
Never leave food on a stove or in an
oven unattended. Keep cooking
areas free of flammable objects such
as potholders, towels and curtains.
 Never disable or remove the battery
from a smoke alarm. Frequently test
smoke alarms and make sure that you
replace batteries regularly.
 Burning candles should never
be left unattended. Keep
flammable items like fabric and
paper away from candles.
 Store gasoline,
newspapers and other
combustibles away
from sources of flame.
Keep air conditioning unit on a
level surface away from fabric
and other flammable items.
 The fire safety plan is a very
important part of the overall fire
and life safety program within the
building.
Its purpose is to prevent
potential injuries and deaths and to
protect your residential and/or
 If a fire starts in your
home you will be scared,
but try very hard to stay
calm.
Having a Fire Escape
Plan, so you know what to
do if there is a fire, could
save your life.
 FIRE PLAN PART 1
If you are woken up by the sound of your smoke alarm or by the
sound of what you think is a fire, remember:

 Stay calm. Wake up all the members of your family.

 Make your way out together, through the nearest exit.
 Do not open any doors other than the ones you need to
escape through.
 If a door feels hot, DO NOT open it.
 When everyone is safely outside call the Fire Service from a
public telephone or a neighbor’s house.
DO NOT GO BACK TO THE HOUSE for any reason until
the Fire Service tells you it is safe to return.
If the fire is blocking your way or you cannot use the stairs for any
reason, you must use the second part of your Fire Escape Plan.
 FIRE PLAN PART 2
In fires, there is sometimes a lot of smoke. This can kill you. If
you have to go through a smoke - filled hallway or room, get down
on your hands and knees and crawl under it.
Get all the family into a room from where it would be safest
to drop from a window, onto a flat roof or into the garden.
ALWAYS pass children down first. Never leave children
until last.
 Remember – never jump!
 Lower yourself to arms length and then drop.
 When everyone is out safely, find a telephone and dial 117
/ 160.
If you are trapped by smoke and cannot escape through a
window, use part three of your Fire Escape Plan.
 FIRE PLAN PART 3
If you are trapped in a room by smoke or fire, you need to try to
stop smoke getting into the room.
Close the door.
 Block any gaps into the room. Use towels, blankets or spare
clothes.
 If there is a telephone in the room dial 117.
 If there is no telephone, go to the window and shout for help.
 Once you know you have been heard and help is on the way,
stay near to the floor by the window. Smoke and heat rise so you are
safer near to the ground.
If your windows are double glazed, use a heavy object and hit the
window in a bottom corner. Make any jagged edges safe with a towel
or blanket.
 Every business establishment
should have a fire safety plan, which
should be reviewed with all new
employees when they begin their job and
with all employees when the plan is
changed.
 THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME GENERAL FIRE
PREVENTION PRACTICES:
All ignition sources (i.e., open flames, cutting torches,
spark producing equipment, electric motors, heating equipment,
etc.) should be controlled and contact with combustible and
flammable materials must be avoided. Keep all combustible
materials at least five feet from such ignition sources and all
flammable liquids at least twenty feet away.
Extensive use of electrical extension cords should be
avoided. Any damaged or frayed electrical wiring, equipment
cords, extension cords, etc. should be removed from service
immediately and replaced or repaired.
BUILDING FIRE EXITS:
Each area of the building shall have at least two means of
escape remote from each other that are to be used in a fire
emergency. The location of exits and the path of egress should be
shown on maps posted throughout the building.
Fire exit doors must not be blocked or locked to prevent
emergency use when employees are within the building.
Exit routes from the building must be clear and free of
obstructions. All exits are marked with signs designating exits
from the building.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:
Every area in the building should have a full complement of
the proper type of fire extinguisher for the fire hazards present.
The fire extinguishers should be inspected annually by a
fire protection equipment company and tagged with the date of
inspection. If a fire extinguisher is used or discharged for any
reason, it must be removed from service and replaced with
another properly charged extinguisher while it is being recharged.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:

Employees who are expected or anticipated to use fire

extinguishers should be instructed on the hazards of fighting fires,
how to properly operate the fire extinguishers available, and what
procedures to follow in alerting others to the fire emergency.
These employees will attempt to extinguish only small
incipient fires. If a fire cannot be immediately and easily
extinguished with a fire extinguisher, the employees will evacuate
the building rather than try to fight the fire.
All employees who are not trained and designated to fight
fires are to immediately evacuate the building at the first sign of fire
or initiation of the fire alarm and are prohibited from using an
extinguisher.
EMERGENCY EVACUATION:
If any employee discovers a fire or smoke, the employee
should immediately pull the nearest fire alarm box.
If there is time and it is safe to do so, the employee will
also call the front office receptionist to report the fire.
If the fire does not involve the office, the receptionist
will call 117/160 and report the fire to the nearest fire
department. The receptionist will then make an announcement
over the public address system that there is a fire, give the
location of the fire and instruct all employees to evacuate the
building. The receptionist will then exit the building.
EMERGENCY EVACUATION:
When the fire alarm sounds or a fire is otherwise
announced, all employees (except those designated and trained
to use fire extinguishers) are expected to immediately exit the
building by proceeding to the nearest exit in an orderly fashion.
If the nearest exit is blocked by fire or smoke, the
employees should proceed to an alternate exit. There should be
no running, shouting, pushing, etc. A calm orderly evacuation is
the safest for all concerned.
EMERGENCY EVACUATION:
Upon exiting the building, all employees are to proceed to
the designated meeting area(s) so that they are away from the
building, are not hampering access by fire fighters, and can be
counted and accounted for. The designated meeting area(s) for
our building is (insert the location(s) where employees are to
meet outside the building). Supervisors and managers will
account for all of their employees to ensure that no one is still in
the building and unaccounted for.
Where needed, special procedures for helping physically
impaired employees will be established. This will be done on a
case by case basis when the employee is first hired or when the
physical impairment first occurs.
EMPLOYEE TRAINING:
All new employees should receive fire prevention and
emergency evacuation training when they are hired. All
employees should receive a refresher training and a review of this
plan on an annual basis.
Fire drills, to include a practice evacuation of the building
should be conducted at least annually. These drills will be used to
evaluate employee response and behavior and will help us
determine where more training is needed.
Those employees who are designated and authorized to use
fire extinguishers to fight small fires will receive training in the
proper use of extinguisher, how to extinguish a fire, the hazards
involved in fighting fires, and when not to fight a fire and
evacuate the area instead.
 THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS SHOULD BE
ESTABLISHED WITHIN THE FIRE SAFETY
PLAN.
Map the complete layout of the building, verifying all the
exit locations, occupied rooms, offices, incorporating the property
lot and building size measurements, highlighting street access and
names, noting any other vital fire fighter entry information.
Document the locations of the onsite fire extinguishers, fire
hoses, standpipe stations, fire alarm system & detection devices,
emergency lighting, fire pumps, sprinkler risers & Siamese
connections, etc.
Describe fire alarm system specifications, including the
operation sequence of the control panel and layout of all fire
detection devices (i.e. heat and smoke detectors, fire bells, pull
stations, also any auxiliary shuts downs, door releases and
monitoring agency functions and information).
 THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS SHOULD BE
ESTABLISHED WITHIN THE FIRE SAFETY
PLAN.
Outline the preventative maintenance program, including servicing
requirements, monthly inspections and tests, performance details, and fire
logging methods pertaining to the audit of all the fire protection equipment
within the building.
Provide sample signage indicating overall floor plans, each exit within
the building and the location of the fire extinguishers, fire hoses and stations, fire
alarm & devices, emergency lighting, sprinkler systems, emergency gas and
water shut off valves and electrical disconnect switches.
Outline fire drill intervals, occupant emergency evacuation procedures
and alternative measures in fire emergency situations.

Indicate of all on-site fire hazards and measures to be taken by the

supervisory staff and fire wardens.
 Although extinguishers can vary in size, color and type of
extinguishing agent, all devices operate basically the same
way.
If the fire is small and heavy smoke is NOT present and
you have an exit available to you for evacuation purposes,
grab the nearest appropriate extinguisher and the P-A-S-S
procedure.
P - PULL the pin located in the extinguisher's handle.

A - AIM the nozzle, horn or hose at the base of the fire. Aim
the discharge toward the base of the flames. Do not aim the
fire extinguisher directly onto the source, as it may spread
the flames. Begin discharging 8-10 feet away from the fire
source.

S - SQUEEZE or press the handle.

S - SWEEP from side to side at the base

of the fire until it is out.