Common Thermal

Properties of Different Materials

Chua, Carl Vincent

Pacheo, Nilmar Anthony
Thermal Properties of Materials
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 Heat Capacity
Heat capacity is a property that indicates the ability
of a material to absorb heat and change its
temperature, thus measuring the external energy
required to increase a unit of temperature (typically
1°C or 1°C).

This is not to be confused with the concept of specific heat (represented by the lower case c), which refers to the
This is not to be confused with the concept of specific heat (represented by the lower case c), which refers to the
heat capacity per unit mass. Thus, this capacity of a body to “store heat” is the quotient between the heat capacity
heat capacity per unit mass. Thus, this capacity of a body to “store heat” is the quotient between the heat capacity
and the mass of the object. The unit of specific heat in the International System is J/(kg∙K). Thus, it is possible to
and the mass of the object. The unit of specific heat in the International System is J/(kg∙K). Thus, it is possible to
calculate the amount of heat in joules needed to increase the temperature of one kilo of a given substance by 1
calculate the amount of heat in joules needed to increase the temperature of one kilo of a given substance by 1
degree.
degree.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to transfer heat.
Thermal conductivity is expressed in International System units as
W/(m∙K). Metals, which are so capable of being extremely hot or icy,
do not have the highest thermal conductivity, but diamond does. It is
followed by silver, copper, silicon carbide, graphite, iron or steel.

Thermal conduction, on the other hand, is the phenomenon that causes

heat to be transported from higher to lower temperature regions in a
material or between different bodies. In fact, heat always flows from
the higher to the lower temperature region.
 Most materials expand when they are heated and contract when they are cold. E
T Thermal expansion of materials represents their expansion when heated. It can be
in length, volume or some other metric dimension. It can be measured in different X
H ways such as:
P
E Linear expansion A
R N
M Cubic expansion S
A I
L Area or surface expansion O
N
Linear expansion
Expansion means to change or increase in length. If the change in length is along one dimension
(length) over the volume, it is called linear expansion. Here the reason behind the expansion is the
temperature change. Thus, it is implied that the temperature change will reflect in the expansion rate.
How much material can withstand its original shape and size under the influence of heat radiation is
well explained using this concept.

= is the coefficient of linear expansion

𝑑𝐿 = is the unit change of length
𝑑𝑇
𝛼 𝐿= = is the unit change in temperature
𝐿0
= is the initial length of the object
 Metals Coefficient of linear expansion at 20ᵒC
Aluminum 23.1
Benzocyclobutene 42
Brass 19
Carbon steel 10.8
Concrete 12
Copper 17
Diamond 1
Ethanol 250
Gallium(III) Arsenide 5.8
Gasoline 317
Gold 14
Ice 51
Iron 11.8
Lead 29
Magnesium 26
Cubic Expansion
Also called coefficient of volume expansion is when a solid is in bulk form that is in the form of a
cube, cuboid, or sphere, etc. then on heating, its volume increases,.

= coefficient volume expansion

∆𝑉 = change in volume
𝛾=
𝑉 (∆ 𝑇 ) = original volume
= change in temperature
Area or surface expansion
The area of a solid is increased with an increase of temperature. It is called superficial expansion.
Whenever there is an increase in the size of a body due to heating, then the body is said to be
expanded and the fact is known as expansion..

= coefficient surface expansion

∆𝐴 = change in area
𝛽=
𝐴(∆ 𝑇 ) = original area
= change in temperature
Fusibility
Meltability is the ease with which a material can melt or fuse. It is clear that some materials, such
as metal, glass or plastics, melt easily when heated, but this is not always of interest when
selecting the materials for a product.

Knowing this ease or resistance to melting is essential for processes such as welding, where the
alloy used for welding is required to have a low melting temperature compared to the materials to
be welded. For soft soldering, lead and tin alloys are usually used, while for hard soldering,
materials such as silver, copper or zinc are used.
Weldability
This is the ability of one or more materials to bond two of their parts together in a homogeneous
and high quality weld, so that they meet the requirements for which they were designed. This can
be done by applying heat until the melting temperature is reached or by using an intermediate
material for adhesion. Steel, aluminium, nickel, copper or titanium and their alloys are metals
that are commonly used for welding.
https://byjus.com/physics/coefficient-of-linear-expansion/
https://www.infinitiaresearch.com/en/sin-categoria-en/
thermal-properties-of-materials/
https://byjus.com/question-answer/define-the-coefficient-of-
volume-expansion/
https://byjus.com/thermal-expansion-formula/
https://qsstudy.com/explain-superficial-expansion-and-
coefficient-of-superficial-expansion/