TUGAS EPIDEMIOLOGI

Oleh : dr Haeril Arsyam​

Prinsip pencegahan penyakit menular
Menurut Leavell and Clark (Buku " Preventive Medicine for The doctor in his
Community") :

Masa Pra Masa Sakit

Sakit
• Early Diagnosis and Treatment
• Disability Limitation

meningkatkan nilai kesehatan dengan • Rehabilitation

edukasi dan promosi kesehatan (Health
Promotion)
• Pencegahan pada tahap ini dengan
memberikan perlindungan khusus
terhadap suatu penyakit
Tingkatan Pencegahan Penyakit

1 FIRST
Pencegahan Primordial

2 SECOND
Pencegahan Primer

3 THIRD
Pencegahan Sekunder

4 FOURTH
Pencegahan Tersier
5 Level of Prevention :
Health Promotion

2. Specific Protection

3. Early Diagnosis and Prompt Treatment

4. Disability Limitation

5. Rehabilitation
HEALTH PROMOTION
Dalam tingkatan ini pendidikan kesehatan sangat
diperlukan
ex : Peningkatan gizi, life style, perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan dll.
Usaha yang dapat dilakukan
1. Penyediaan makanan sehat cukup kualitas maupun kuantitasnya
2. Perbaikan hygiene dan sanitasi lingkungan , seperti : Penyediaan air bersih untuk rumah
tangga, perbaikan cara pembuangan sampah, kotoran dan air limbah

3. pendidikan kesehatan kepada masyarakat

4. Usaha kesehatan jiwa agar tercapai perkembangan kepribadian yang baik.
SPECIFIC PROTECTION
Perlindungan yang diberikan kepada orang-orang atau kelompok yang beresiko
terkena penyakit tertentu.

Perlindungan khusus ini dapat disebut Kekebalan Buatan

Specific Protection for Contagious
Diseases

Immunizations and Isolation and Personal Protective

Vaccinations Quarantine Equipment
Providing artificial Implementing measures to Using specialized clothing
immunity against specific separate and restrict the and equipment to protect
contagious diseases movement of individuals individuals from coming
through vaccinations and exposed to contagious into contact with
immunizations. diseases. contagious diseases.
Early Diagnosis and Prompt
Treatment (Diagnosis Dini dan
Pengobatan yang Cepat dan Tepat)
Early Diagnosis and PrompTreatments
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in preventing the progression of diseases. Rapid
identification of symptoms and timely medical intervention can significantly improve patient
outcomes. It involves quick, accurate testing methods and immediate access to appropriate medical
care, ensuring the best chances for recovery.

Tujuan Utama :
Pengobatan yang Pencegahan Mencegah kecacatan
tepat dan cepat dari penularan kepada akibat suatu
setiap jenis penyakit orang lain penyakit
untuk mencapai jika penyakitnya menular
penyembuhan yang
sempurna dan segera
Early Detection of Diseases
Early detection of diseases is crucial in preventing their progression and spread. It involves rapid
identification of symptoms and immediate access to medical care for prompt treatment. Regular
screenings and diagnostic tests play an essential role in detecting diseases at their early stages.
Effective early detection measures contribute significantly to better patient outcomes and public
health.
Consequences of Delayed Treatment
Progression of Impact on Risk of Increased
Disease Public Health Disability Healthcare
Costs
Delayed treatment Failure to seek Untreated
can lead to the prompt medical conditions may Delaying treatment
worsening of the care can contribute result in long-term can lead to higher
disease, causing to the spread of disabilities, healthcare
more severe infectious diseases impacting the expenses due to the
symptoms and within the individual's quality need for more
complications. community. of life. intensive
interventions.
DISABILITY LIMITATION
(PEMBATASAN KECACATAN)
Karena minimnya pendidikan dan kesadaran masyarakat untuk melanjutkan pengobatan sampai tuntas,
pasien tidak melakukan pemeriksaan dan pengobatan yang komplit terhadap penyakitnhya.
Disability Limitation
Educational
Awareness
Educating the public on the
importance of completing
full medical treatments.
Community Long-term Care
Engagement
Promoting comprehensive,
Encouraging community ongoing medical care for
involvement to support the management of chronic
individuals in completing conditions.
treatment.
Tahapan ini disebut juga Perfect
treatment
Optimal Medical Care Reduced Spread of Effective Recovery
Diseases
Immediate and accurate Efficient treatment
medical attention to ensure Prompt treatment helps contributes to swift and
the best patient outcomes. prevent the transmission of complete healing.
contagious infections.
kecacatan bisa terjadi jika tidak
dilakukan perfect treatment (pengobatan
yang sempurna hingga tiuntas)
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in restoring
function and independence after illness or
injury.

It involves a comprehensive approach,

including physical, occupational, and cognitive
therapies tailored to individual needs.

Exercise programs, assistive devices, and

emotional support are integral parts of the
rehabilitation process.
REHABILITASI :
1. REHABILITASI FISIK
2. REHABILITASI MENTAL
3. REHABILITASI SOSIAL VOKASIONAL

4. REHABILITASI AESTHESIS
REHABILITASI FISIK
Physical Therapy: Specific exercises and treatments to restore physical function.

Strength Training: Building muscle strength and endurance through targeted exercises.
Mobility Enhancement: Techniques to improve movement and flexibility for daily activities.
REHABILITASI MENTAL
Rehabilitation for mental health involves tailored therapies and interventions to support cognitive and
emotional well-being. It encompasses counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and mindfulness
practices. Additionally, it includes strategies for building resilience and enhancing coping
mechanisms.
REHABILITASI SOSIAL VOKASIONAL

1 Skills Development
Teaching vocational skills and job readiness.

2 Work Placement
Assisting in finding suitable employment opportunities.

3 Community Integration
Supporting reintegration into social and vocational settings.
REHABILIASI AESTHESIS
Sensory Artistic Expression Music and Movement
Rehabilitation
Utilizing creative outlets Engaging in rhythmic
Customized therapies to and sensory experiences activities and sensory
restore and enhance for emotional and stimulation to aid in
sensory function and psychological healing. sensory rehabilitation.
perception.
Strategies to Improve Health Promotion

Education and Community Targeted

Awareness Engagement Campaigns
Informing the public Involving local Creating tailored
about health practices communities in health- promotions for specific
and disease prevention. related activities and health issues and
initiatives. demographics.
Strategies for Health Promotion
According to WHO
Educational Community Behavioral Advocacy and
Initiatives Engagement Change Policy
Programs Development
Informing the Involving local
public about communities in Implementing Advocating for
effective health health-related interventions to health-promoting
practices and activities and encourage positive policies and
preventive initiatives to changes in fostering
measures through promote a individuals' health collaboration with
targeted campaigns collective approach behaviors and stakeholders to
and awareness to well-being. lifestyle choices. create supportive
programs. environments for
well-being.