EEEN60422 - Zero carbon Built Infrastructure

LECTURER:
Rodger Edwards ( School of MACE)
 Section 2.05:

Regulatory and legislative issues.

 Components of Demand

o We will briefly discuss the components of

energy demand within buildings

o We will note a possible anomaly in the

SBEM and SAP procedures
 Components of Demand

Within buildings, overall energy demand is

made up of a number of components

o Heating and / or cooling

o Ventilation systems ( fans)
o Artificial Lighting
o Hot water production
 Components of Demand

o Water supply ( pumping in tall buildings)

o Cooking
o Appliances ( refrigerator TV microwave)
o Other “small power” equipment
 Anomaly?

SBEM and SAP do not take into account the use

of electricity by appliances.

The usual reason given is that there is a great

diversity in appliance usage, especially in
dwellings. It would therefore be problematic to
factor in appliance usage.
 Anomaly?

Well, OK, BUT

it is possible to plug in a range of appliances in

dwellings and commercial buildings that are
intended to provide a contribution to the
overall internal environment of that building
 Anomaly?

Examples include:

o Portable electric heaters

o Standalone task lighting
o Dehumidifiers
o Portable comfort cooling units
o Refrigeration units in retail applications
o Fans for occupant cooling
 Anomaly?
A particular example is the use of chilled and
frozen display cabinets within supermarkets.

These units gain heat from the surrounding

environment which has to be rejected in
order to maintain the required temperatures
in the display cabinets.

Some of the energy used for space heating is

therefore wasted
 Anomaly?
Research at the University of Manchester
suggests that ignoring the effects of display
cabinets may lead to actual energy
consumption within a supermarket being over
20% higher than the value given by SBEM

Frances Hill, Rodger Edwards, Geoffrey Levermore. Influence of

display cabinet cooling on performance of supermarket buildings.
Building Services Engineering Research & Technology. 2014; 35(2):
170-181. eScholarID:288188 | DOI:10.1177/0143624413478955
 In section 3…

We will move on to consider methods for

estimating the rates of energy consumption
attributable to buildings