Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Homework  Read pages 51-59 in Holt textbook.  Complete lesson 1-4 in Homework Helpers: Physics.  Check Moodle for additional assignments for this lesson.
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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Section Objectives  Be able to isolate for any of the possible unknown quantities in our kinematics equations.  Apply kinematics equations to calculate distance, time, or velocity under conditions of constant acceleration.
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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

General Steps for Problem Solving
Problem Solving Sketch the Problem. List your given quantities. Identify the unknown quantity. Select a formula that contains the givens and the unknowns. Isolate the unknown in the formula. Solve the equation. Round your answer and check your units.

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Do you solve problems logically?
What is the first thing that you do when you encounter a new word-problem to solve? How do you identify the quantities that have been given to you? How do you identify the unknown quantity? How do you select the correct formula to use?

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Equations for Motion with Constant Acceleration
When : R 0 { 0

When : R 0 ! 0

R ! R 0  at
1 2 x ! x0  R 0 t  at 2
R ! R 0  2a ( x  x 0 )
5
2 2

R ! at
1 2 x ! x0  at 2
R 2 ! 2a ( x  x 0 )
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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Another formula that it is useful, although not as commonly used, is shown below.

(x ! 1/2(R 0  R ) (t

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Example 1. A man on a rocket sled that is initially at rest experiences a uniform acceleration of 5.0 m/s2. How long will it take the man to travel 200.0 m?

1/13/2012 12:02 AM

Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Sketch the problem, list the given quantities, identify the unknown and select a formula that has all of our given quantities and our unknown quantity.

1/13/2012 12:02 AM

Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Example 1. A man on a rocket sled that is initially at rest experiences a uniform acceleration of 5.0 m/s2. How long will it take the man to travel 200.0 m? Given: V0 = 0 m/s Find: (t Original Formula:
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a = 5.0 m/s2

(x = 200.0 m

1 2 x ! x 0  at 2

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Isolation: Original Formula:

1 2 x ! x 0  at 2
1 2 x  x0 ! x0  x0  at   2

Subtract X0 from both sides:

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Isolation:

1 2 Formula: x  x0 ! x0  x0  at   2 1 2 Substitute (X for X X0 : (x ! at 2

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Isolation: Formula:

1 2 (x ! at 2

1 2 Multiply both sides by 2 : 2(x ! 2 x at   2 2(x ! at

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2

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Isolation: Formula: Divide both sides by a :

2(x ! at

2(x at 2  ! a a  2 (x 2 !t a
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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Isolation: Formula: Take the square root of both sides:

2 (x 2 !t a

2(x 2 ! t a
t! 2 (x a

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Example 1. A man on a rocket sled that is initially at rest experiences a uniform acceleration of 5.0 m/s2. How long will it take the man to travel 200.0 m? Given: V0 = 0 m/s Find: (t a = 5.0 m/s2 (x = 200.0 m

2(x Working Formula: t ! a

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Example 1. A man on a rocket sled that is initially at rest experiences a uniform acceleration of 5.0 m/s2. How long will it take the man to travel 200.0 m? Given: V0 = 0 m/s Find: (t a = 5.0 m/s2 (x = 200.0 m

2(x 2(200.0m)  Solution: t ! ! ! 80s 2 ! 8.9 s 2 a 5. 0 m / s 

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Click on the image above to check your answer. Repeat the calculation with an acceleration of 15.0 m/s2. (requires Interactive Physics)
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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Example 2. A car is traveling at 30.0 m/s when the driver, seeing a van stopped in his path 40.0 m away, hits the brakes in an attempt to try to stop in time to avoid a collision. If the car decelerates at a constant rate of 5.00 m/s2 will the driver be able to stop in time?
Hint. There is more than one way to solve this problem, so the method that I show here may differ from your own work.
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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Sketch the problem, list the given quantities, identify the unknown and select a formula that has all of our given quantities and our unknown quantity.

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Example 2. A car is traveling at 30.0 m/s when the driver, seeing a van stopped in his path 40.0 m away, hits the brakes in an attempt to try to stop in time to avoid a collision. If the car decelerates at a constant rate of 5.00 m/s2 will the driver be able to stop in time? Given: V0 = 30.0 m/s a = -5.00 m/s2 (x = 40.0 m Find: V Original Formula: R
2

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! R 0  2a ( x  x 0 )
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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Isolation:
2

Original Formula:

R ! R 0  2a ( x  x 0 )
2

Substitute (x for x x0: R Take the square root of each side: We get the working formula:
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! R 0  2a(x
2 2

R ! (R 0  2a(x)

R ! (R 0  2a(x)
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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Given: V0 = 30.0 m/s a = -5.00 m/s2 (x = 40.0 m Find: V Formula: R ! Solution:
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(R 0  2a(x)
2

R ! ((30.0m / s)  (2)(5.00m / s )(40.0m)) ! 22.4m / s

So, the answer to our original question is, no, the car will not stop on time! It will hit the van with a velocity of 22.4 m/s.
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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

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Click on the image above to check your answer. Repeat The calculation with an initial velocity of 20.0 m/s. (requires Interactive Physics)
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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Example 3. Going back to our last example, if a car has an initial velocity of 30.0 m/s and it can decelerate at a constant rate of 5.0 m/s2, how much stopping distance would it require?

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Sketch the problem, list the given quantities, identify the unknown and select a formula that has all of our given quantities and our unknown quantity.

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Example 3. Going back to our last example, if a car has an initial velocity of 30.0 m/s and it can decelerate at a constant rate of 5.0 m/s2, how much stopping distance would it require? Given: V0 = 30.0 m/s Find: (x Original Formula:
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a = -5.0 m/s2

V = 0 m/s

R ! R 0  2a ( x  x 0 )
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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Isolation for (x:
2

Original Formula:

R ! R 0  2a ( x  x 0 )
2 2

Substitute (x for x x0: R Subtract V02 from R both sides:

2

! R 0  2a(x
2 2

R 0 ! R 0 R 0  2a(x   R R 0 ! 2a(x
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We get the formula:

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

We get the formula: Now, divide both sides by 2a: We get our working formula:
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R R 0 ! 2a(x  R R 0 2a(x !  2a 2a R R 0 (x ! 2a
2 2 2 2

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Example 3. Going back to our last example, if a car has an initial velocity of 30.0 m/s and it can decelerate at a constant rate of 5.0 m/s2, how much stopping distance would it require? Given: V0 = 30.0 m/s Find: (x Working Formula:
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a = -5.0 m/s2
2 2

V = 0 m/s

R R 0 (x ! 2a

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Example 3. Going back to our last example, if a car has an initial velocity of 30.0 m/s and it can decelerate at a constant rate of 5.0 m/s2, how much stopping distance would it require? Given: V0 = 30.0 m/s a = -5.0 m/s2 V = 0 m/s Find: (x Solution: 2 2 R -R 0 (0.0 m/s) 2 - (30.0 m/s) 2 (x ! ! ! 90. m or 9.0 x 101 m 2a 2(5.0 m/s 2 ) 30 1/13/2012 12:02 AM

Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Solution:
R -R 0 (0.0 m/s) - (30.0 m/s) (x ! ! ! 90. m or 9.0 x 101 m 2a 2(5.0 m/s 2 )
2 2 2 2

Check: We can put 90. m back into the equation we used for example 2.
R ! (R 0  2a(x) ! ((30.0 m/s) 2  (2)(-5.0 m/s 2 )(90.0 m)) ! 0.0 m/s
2

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Summary
Problem Solving Sketch the Problem. List your given quantities. Identify the unknown quantity. Select a formula that contains the givens and the unknowns. Isolate the unknown in the formula. Solve the equation. Round your answer and check your units.

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Lesson 2-2b Uniform Acceleration

Summary of Formulas:
When : R 0 { 0

When : R 0 ! 0

R ! R 0  at
(x ! 1/2(R 0  R ) (t

R ! at
1 2 x ! x0  at 2
R 2 ! 2a ( x  x 0 )
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1 2 x ! x0  R 0 t  at 2
R ! R 0  2a ( x  x 0 )
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2 2