DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Seminar Topic:
Chemical Earthing system and Marconite Earthing
By
Roll no : 21EL007 Name of Student : Sakshi Deokar
Prof . Dr .A.A Godbole Prof .S.S Mujawar
HOD Seminar Guide
CONTENTS
9.Applications
10.Advantages
11.Disadvantages
12.list
of manufacturers
13.Cost of installation
14.Case study
15.conclusion
16.references
PROBLEM STATEMENT
“Inadequate grounding can lead to equipment
malfunctions and electrical hazards and issues such as
soil resistivity, improper grounding techniques, and the
impact of environmental factors on the performance of
conventional earthing systems”.
INTRODUCTION
Following types of chemical earthing compounds are
commonly used for reducing the soil resistivity:
• Bentonite
• Marconite
• In normal earthing, we use salt and charcoal for transferring charge into
the earth using electrodes or plates, where charcoal and salt are placed
on the top of the electrodes.
• While in the case of chemical earthing, chemical powders use for
transferring charges into the earth. But we can’t use any chemical
powders for transferring of charge.
BACKFILLING (Bentonite)
• Natural clay
• Bentonite : grey
• High water absorption capacity
• Used in bentonite earthing
BACKFILLING (Marconite)
• Marconite: black
• High Conductivity
• Used in marconite earthing
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Chemical composition of Bentonite
DIAGRAM OF CHEMICAL EARTHING
• Backfill material – Bentonite
• A hole: 1) Diameter - 4 inch
2) Depth - 3 m
• Electrode: Copper/GI
DIAGRAM OF MARCONITE EARTHING
• Backfill material – Marconite
• A hole: 1) Diameter – 300 mm
2) Depth - 3 m
• Copper-clad steel rods
RESISTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS
Note : On X-axis water content(%)
APPLICATIONS
Bentonite earthing Marconite earthing
• Telecommunication Networks • Renewable energy project
• Power Substations • Oil and Gas Installations
• Industrial Facilities • Railway Electrification
• Critical Infrastructure • Mountenious and hilly areas
ADVANTAGES
Bentonite earthing Marconite earthing
• Ease of Installation • Low Grounding Resistance
• Adaptability to Various • High Electrical Conductivity
• Electrode Materials • Enhanced Longevity
• Moisture Retention • Effective in Low Soil Resistivity
Areas
• Consistent Performance • Reduced Footprint
DISADVANTAGES
Marconite Earthing Chemical Earthing
• High installation cost • Periodic maintenance
• beneficial to long term • Corrosion of Electrode
projects
• Environmental Impact
• Limited Availability
• Limited life
• Dependency on Manufacturer
LIST OF MANUFACTURERS
COST OF INSTALLATION
Pipe Plate Chemical Marconite
Plant life 50 years 50 years 50 years 50 years
Life cycle of 3 years 7years 6-8years 50+years
earthing
Replacement 16 times 7 times 6 times 1 time
Frequency
during plant
life
Initial Rs.2,618/- Rs.4,500/- Rs.8,000/- Rs.16,500/-
Cost(soft soil)
Life cycle cost Rs.41,888/- Rs.31,500/- Rs.48,000/- Rs.16,500/-
Maintenance Rs.91,280/- Rs.51,345/- Rs.20,000/- Nil
cost
Total Life Rs.1,33,168/- Rs.82,845/- Rs.68,000/- Rs.16,500/-
cycle cost
CASE STUDY
• Case Study on the impact of high soil resistivity in lightning prone areas and mitigation
measures being adopted in 400 kV D/C Silchar (Assam) - Byrnihat (Meghalaya) interstate
transmission line of NETC by application of Bentonite & Marconite...
Note:
On X-axis (Tower location)
On Y-axis (TFR)
TFR stands for Tower Foot Resistance
CASE STUDY
• NETC successfully implemented the Pilot Project of the Marconite earthing,
where the tower footing value improved.
• In locations, where the TFR value did not improve, the value is more than 50
ohms the idea of installation of Transmission Line Arrestors (TLA) will be the
better option.
• TLAs are installed on the conductors, electrically in parallel to insulator strings. In
the event of lightning, instead of back flash over across insulator string, TLA
conducts and provides path to the lightning current towards phase conductors.
• It not only avoids flashover but prevents tripping in the transmission line. It is worth
mentioning that application of TLA nullifies any impact of higher tower footing
resistance.
CONCLUSION
• Today both the earthing systems have huge demand in society instead
conventional one.
• These are maintenance free systems.
• Due to its low resistivity ,Maintenance free system good for use.
• High conductivity and its longer life leads this method to become world's best
method of earthing
REFERENCES
1. S.C. Lim, C. Gomes and M.Z.A.A. Kadir, Int. J. of Elec. Power & Energy Systems, 47 (2013)
117.
2. W. R. Jones, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-99 (1980) 1343.
3. IEEE SDT-142 (Green Book), IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and
Commercial Power Systems, (2007).
4. IEEE Guide for safety in AC substation grounding, IEEE Std.80 (2000).
5. NFPA 70-2008: National Electrical Code.
6. Y.P. Tu, J.L. He and R. Zeng, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21 (2006) 1706.
7. Q.B. Meng, J.L. He, Dawalibi and F.P, Ma, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 14 (1999) 911.
8. IEC 62305: Protection against lightning, 2006
9. IEEE SDT-142 (Green Book), IEEE Recommended Practice for
Grounding ofindustrial and Commercial Power Systems, 2007
10. IEEE Guide for safety in AC substation grounding, IEEE Std.80-2000
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT
HEARING!!!
