•Intelligence &its
Theories
Presented by Momina Yasir
Intelligence
• Intelligence is the ability to learn,
understand, and solve problems. It
helps you think, reason, and adapt
to new situations.
Theories of intelligence
• Uni - factor Theory of Intelligence
• Two - factor Theory of Intelligence
• Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
• Multi factor Theory of Intelligence
• Group factor theory of Intelligence
• Theory of multiple Intelligence
• 3-Dimensional Theory of Intelligence
Uni-factor Theory of Intelligence
• The Uni-factor Theory of Intelligence
• Proposed by Charles Spearman, suggests that
intelligence is made up of one main ability, called
general intelligence (or “g”). This “g” is the idea that
if you are good at one type of task, like solving puzzles,
you are likely to be good at other tasks as well, like
doing math or understanding language. Spearman
believed that this general ability influences all kinds of
mental activities, so being smart in one area means
you’re generally smart in other areas too.
Two-factor theory of
Intelligence
• The Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence, also
developed by Charles Spearman, says that intelligence
has two parts:
• 1. General Intelligence (g): This is the overall ability to
think, reason, and solve problems. It’s the basic mental
skill that helps you perform well in many different areas,
like math, language, or logic.
• 2. Specific Abilities (s): These are talents or skills
related to particular tasks. For example, someone might
be really good at solving puzzles (a specific ability), even
though they may not be as good at other things.
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
• The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, proposed by Robert
Sternberg, says intelligence has three parts:
• 1. Analytical Intelligence: The ability to solve problems and
think logically.
• 2. Creative Intelligence: The ability to come up with new
ideas and adapt to new situations.
• 3. Practical Intelligence: The ability to handle everyday
tasks and use knowledge in real-life situations.
• In short, it’s about being smart in different ways: thinking
critically, being creative, and knowing how to apply
knowledge in daily life.
Multi Factor Theory of
Intelligence
• The Multi Factor Theory of Intelligence,
proposed by Louis Thurstone, suggests that
intelligence is made up of several independent
factors, not just one overall ability. These
factors include skills like:
• 1. Verbal comprehension (language ability)
• 2. Numerical ability (math skills)
• 3. Spatial ability (understanding shapes and
spaces)
• 4. Memory (remembering information)
• 5. Reasoning (solving problems)
Group Factor Theory of
Intelligence
• The Group Factor Theory of Intelligence, developed by
Charles Spearman, suggests that intelligence can be divided into
different groups of abilities. These groups include:
• 1. General Intelligence (g): A basic ability that affects all
mental tasks, like reasoning and problem-solving.
• 2. Group Factors (g₁, g₂, g₃, etc.): These are specific abilities
related to certain tasks, such as language, math, or memory.
• In simple terms, Spearman believed that while everyone has a
general intelligence (g), there are also specific groups of skills
(like math or language skills) that make up a person’s overall
intelligence.
Theory of Multiple Intelligence
• The Theory of Multiple Intelligences by Howard Gardner says that there
are different types of intelligence. People can be smart in different ways, such
as:
• 1. Word smart (language skills)
• 2. Number smart (math and logic)
• 3. Picture smart (understanding shapes and space)
• 4. Music smart (understanding music)
• 5. Body smart (using your body well)
• 6. People smart (understanding others)
• 7. Self smart (understanding yourself)
• 8. Nature smart (understanding nature)
• This theory shows that everyone has unique strengths and can be intelligent in
many different ways.
Three Dimensional Theory of
Intelligence
• The Three-Dimensional Theory of Intelligence,
developed by Robert Sternberg, says intelligence has three
parts:
• 1. Analytical Intelligence: The ability to think logically and
solve problems.
• 2. Creative Intelligence: The ability to come up with new
ideas and adapt to new situations.
• 3. Practical Intelligence: The ability to use knowledge and
skills in everyday life.
• In simple terms, it’s about being good at thinking, being
creative, and handling real-life situations.
