Lesson 1
The Integumentary System
Focus Question
What are the structures and functions of the
integumentary system?
New Vocabulary
epidermis
keratin
melanin
dermis
hair follicle
sebaceous gland
Functions of the Integumentary System
Functions of the integumentary system include:
• Temperature regulation
• Vitamin D production
• Protection and senses
The four types of body tissues in the integumentary system,
and give the function of each one.
1.Epithelial tissue; covers
surfaces of the body.
2. Connective tissue;
provides support and
protection.
3. Muscle tissue;
involved in body
movement.
4. Nerve tissue; body’s
communication network.
Review Vocabulary
Integument: an enveloping layer of an
organism.
The hierarchical structure and organization
of the skin.
The skin is made up of specialized cells
organized into the four tissues that
make up the three layers.
The Structure of the Skin
• Skin is a multilayered
organ that covers and
protects the body.
• The outer superficial layer
of the skin that sheds and
contains keratin is the
epidermis.
• Keratin waterproofs and
protects the cells and
tissues that lie
underneath.
The Structure of the Skin
The Epidermis
• The inner layers of the epidermis
contain cells that are continually
dividing by mitosis to replace cells
that are lost or that die.
• Some cells in the inner layer of
the epidermis provide protection
from harmful ultraviolet radiation
by making a pigment called
melanin.
• A suntan is a sign that skin has
been damaged by ultraviolet (UV)
rays.
• Sunlight induces skin to produce
more melanin, since dark colors
absorb more light ,melanin will
absorb the harmful UV and helps
protect the skin.
The Structure of the Skin
The Dermis
• Directly beneath the
epidermis is the dermis.
• The dermis consists of
connective tissue, nerve cells,
muscle fibers, sweat glands
that helps with regulation of
body temperature by
increasing sweat, oil glands,
and hair follicles.
• Below the dermis layer is the
subcutaneous layer, a layer of
connective tissue that stores
fat and helps the body retain
heat.
The Structure of the Skin
Hair and Nails
• Both hair and nails contain keratin
and develop from epithelial cells.
• Hair cells grow out of narrow cavities
in the dermis called hair follicles.
• The arrector pili muscle is a tiny
muscle connected to each hair
follicle and the skin.
• When it contracts it causes the hair
to stand erect, and a "goosebump"
forms on the skin.
• Hair follicles usually have sebaceous
glands associated with them that
lubricate the skin and hair.
• If when sebaceous glands become
clogged ,blackheads are formed.
Damage to the Skin
• Skin has remarkable abilities to repair itself.
• Without a repair mechanism, the body would be
subject to invasion by microbes through breaks in
the skin.
• Cells deep in the epidermis divide and replace
the lost or injured cells.
• When the injury is deep, blood vessels might be
injured, resulting in bleeding.
• Infection: Fighting white blood cells will help get
rid of any bacteria that might have entered the
wound.
The steps that
occur during
skin healing.
1. The skin receives a cut
that bleeds.
2. Blood flows out of the
wound and a clot forms.
3. A scab forms on the skin
to close the wound.
4. White blood cells move in
to fight infection.
5. Cells beneath the scab
multiply and fill the
wound.
Damage to the skin:
First degree: Second
degree:
• Cells in the
epidermis are • Cells deeper Third degree:
injured and in the
may die epidermis • Cells in the
• redness, die. Cells in epidermis
swelling, and the dermis and dermis
mild pain are injured die. Nerve
occur. and may die cells and
• Blisters are muscles are
seen. injured.
• Skin function
is lost.
• Healthy skin
needs to be
transplanted
Damage to the Skin
• Ultraviolet radiation can damage the DNA in skin
cells, causing those cells to grow and divide
uncontrollably.
• There are two main categories of skin cancer:
melanoma and non-melanoma.
• Melanoma is a kind of skin cancer that starts in the
melanocytes. Melanocytes are cells that make the
pigment that gives skin its color.
• Non-melanoma skin cancer refers to all the types of
cancer that occur in the skin that are not
melanoma.
Quiz
1. Which tissue type is
responsible for “goose
bump” formation?
A A CORRECT
B B
C C
D D
Quiz
2. Which are not found in the dermis?
A muscles C fat cells CORRECT
B sweat and oil glands D nerve cells
Quiz
3. What could be inferred from suntans?
A Tanning produces C A tan strengthens the
healthier skin. elastic in the skin.
B A tan might indicate sun D Tanning makes skin
damage to the skin. look younger.
CORRECT
Quiz
4. How does the skin regulate body temperature?
A by increasing sweat C by producing
production vitamin D
CORRECT
B by retaining water D by regulating fat
content in the
epidermis
Quiz
5. When are blackheads formed?
A when sebaceous glands C when hair follicles
become clogged grow inward rather
CORRECT than outward
B when grooves in the D when there is an
epidermis gather dirt excess of keratin
produced
