Chapter 22 Section 4

The Integumentary
system
 Integumentary system
Covers your body and helps you
maintain homeostasis.

It Made up of:
- Skin
- Nails
- Hair
 Functions of skin
❖ Skin protects you by keeping water in
your body and foreign particles out of
your body.

❖ Nerve endings in your skin let you feel

things around you.

❖ Skin helps regulate your body

temperature.

❖ Skin also helps get rid of waste

chemicals.
 Skin Color
Skin Color is determined by a chemical called melanin.

Melanin absorbs ultraviolet light from the sun, so it reduces damage that
can lead to skin cancer.
 Structure of the skin

Blood vessels

Transport substances and regulate body

temperature.

Nerve fibers

Carry message to and from the brain.

Hair follicles

In dermis Make hair.

 Structure of the skin

Muscle fibers

Attached to a hair follicles can contract

and cause hair to stand up.

Oil glands

Release oil to keep hair flexible and waterproofs

the epidermis.

Sweat glands

Release sweat to cool the body.

Layers of skin
Epidermis
➢ Is the outermost layer of the skin that you
see when you look at your skin.

➢ Is made of epithelial tissue.

➢ Most cells in the epidermis are dead.

➢ These cells are filled with a protein called

Keratin which helps make skin tough.

➢ It is thicker on the palms of hands and on

the soles of feet.
Layers of skin
Dermis

➢ The thicker layer that lies beneath

the epidermis.

➢ Has many fibers made of protein

called Collagen.

➢ These fibers provide strength.

 Layers of skin
Epidermis Dermis

➢ Is the outermost layer of the skin that you ➢ The thicker layer that lies beneath the
see when you look at your skin. epidermis.

➢ Is made of epithelial tissue. ➢ Has many fibers made of protein called

Collagen.
➢ Most cells in the epidermis are dead.
➢ These fibers provide strength.
➢ These cells are filled with a protein called
Keratin which helps make skin tough.

➢ It is thicker on the palms of hands and on

the soles of feet.
 Hair and Nails

Like skin, hair and nails re made of living and dead cells.
 Hair

❖ A hair forms at the bottom of a

tiny sac called a hair follicle.

❖ The hair grows as new cells are

added to the hair follicle and older
cells get pushed upward.

❖ The only living cells in a hair are in

the hair follicle.
 In most
Protects
mammals
skin from
regulates
ultraviolet Importance body
light
of hair temperature

Keeps out particles

such as dust and
insects out of your
eyes and nose
Nails

❖ A nail grows from living cells in

the nail root at the base of the
nail.

❖ Nails protect the tips of your

fingers and toes.
 Skin injuries

Damage to the genetic material in skin cells can cause skin

cancer
 Skin injuries

Skin may be affected by hormones that cause oil glands to make too
much oil, and this oil combines with dead skin cells and bacteria to clog
hair follicle and cause acne
How skin Heals
Student
book
1- The integumentary system: is the organ
system that forms a protective covering
over the body.

The epidermis is the outer layer of skin.

The dermis lies beneath the epidermis.

2- C

3- The epidermis is the outermost layer of

skin. It is made of epithelial tissue.

The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and

contains sweat glands, hair follicles, nerve
fibers, muscle fibers, and blood vessels.
4- A hair grows as new cells are added in
the hair follicle. Nails grow from living
cells in the nail root at the base of the nail.

5-
1-A blood clot forms over a cut to stop
bleeding and to keep bacteria out of the
cut.
2-Bacteria-fighting cells come to the area
to kill bacteria.
3- Damaged skin cells are replaced
through cell division.

7- Except in the hair follicle and in the nail

root, hair and nails are made of dead cells.

8- the epidermis in these areas needs to be

thicker for better protection.
Student
sheet
 Damage to the genetic material in the skin cells can
cause cancer.
Acne can develop if excess oil combines with dead
skin cells and bacteria to clog hair follicles.

1- A blood clot forms over a cut to stop bleeding.

2- Bacteria-fighting cells then come to the area to kill
bacteria.
3- Damaged cells are replaced through cell division.
e
c Eventually, all that is left on the surface is a scar.
d
a
b
f

Q5)
1- skin, hair, nails
2- water, foreign particles
3- nerve endings
 4- sweat glands
5- wastes
6- melanin
7- epidermis
8- dermis
9- epithelial
10- keratin
11- collagen
12- nail root

cancer
acne
blood clot
bacteria- fighting cells
 1- water
skin 2- nerve endings
Integumentary system
3- melanin
4- ultraviolet light
5- sweat glands
6- wastes

Sweat gland
Hair follicles

Release Sweat