IntEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

2nd Hour Superstars!

Leah Disher

General Functions of the Skin

Protects our bodies

Chemical Reactions
Vitamin D
Synthesises
bio chemicals

Sweat
Oil

Prevents loss of body fluids

Releases heat by sweat,followed by evaporation

keeps in heat by keeping the skin tight (goosebumps)

Excretes waste

Regulates body temperature

Suns UV rays
Weather (cold,rain,snow)
Bacteria

Keeps all of your fluids inside the body

Sensation

Pressure
Touch
Feel
Heat/Cold
Pain

Structure/Function of the Epidermis

Structures:
The skin has three layers:
The epidermis the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof
barrier and creates our skin tone.
Four layers of the Epidermis
1.
2.
3.
4.

Stratum Corneum
a. Stratum Lucidum (Hands and feet)
Stratum Granulosum (Granular cell layer)
Stratum Spinosum (Spinous or prickle cell layer)
Stratum Basale (Bottom Layer)(New Forming Cells)

Alyssa

Function of the Epidermis

Epidermis also contains Langerhans cells, which are part of the skin's
immune system.
These cells help detect foreign substances and defend the body against
infection, they also play a role in the development of skin allergies.
Cells found in the found the epidermis

Merkel Cells-combine with nerve endings to create a sensory receptors for touch.
melanocyte-synthesizes melanin
Keratinocytes-the building blocks of the tough fibrous protein keratin

Video on the function of the Epidermis

Video

Alyssa

Structure/function of Dermis

Inner layer
Thicker than the epidermis
Gives skin flexibility and strength
Composed of blood vessels, lymph vessels, hair follicles, and glands that
produce sweat, and an oily substance called sebum that helps keep the skin
from drying out
Includes connective tissue consisting of collagenous fibers, epithelial
tissue, smooth muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and blood
VIDEO

Ann

HOw Skin Color is determined?

Special cells in the epidermis called

melanocytes produce melanin, a dark pigment
that provides skin color.
Melanin helps prevent mutations in the DNA
of skin cells by being able to absorb
ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.
Melanocytes- lie in the deepest portion of
the epidermis
Environmental and physiological factors
influence skin color too
Blood in the dermal vessels may affect color
too
Video

Jessica

Anatomy and physiology of nails and hair follicles

Nails

Protective covering

Nail plate:Over the surface of the skin/nail bed. Basicall

we see.

Lunula: The thick white portion at the base of the nail pl

the most actively growing region.

Hair follicles
Extends from the surface into the dermis.
Basically, your hair is dead epidermal cells dividing and
pushed out. Fancy.

A teeny tiny bundle of muscle (arrector pili muscle) is at

each hair follicle. When it contracts, it causes what we c
goosebumps.

Mickie Guenette ( )

Sebaceous Glands and Sweat Glands

Sebaceous Glands

Contains special epithelial cells and hair follicles

Holican glands which secrete fatty material and cellular debris called
sebum (oily) which helps keep hair and skin soft and waterproof

Sweat Glands (sudoriferous) (p. 124)

Eccrine Glands:
respond to increased body temperature (physical activity)
most abundant
clear sweat mostly water and salts
forehead, neck, back

Apocrine Glands: secrete sweat when a person is emotionally upset,

frightened, in pain, or sexually aroused

Mackenzie

A small tube connects glands to a pore where

the sweat exits along hair follicle
Become active at puberty (armpits, groin)
secretions develop a scent

Body temperature and how it relates to your skin

Your skin controls and regulates your body via

perspiration or sweating
Speaking scientifically this is called Insensible
Perspiration
This involves the production of sweat and thus the
control of evaporation
This process (evaporation) needs heat to work which comes
from your body so sweating removes extra heat that you
don't want and allows you to stay cool!
In the cold your skin will trigger shivering so your
blood vessels will contract and allow you to stay warm

Ben Hanson

SEQUENTIAL TREATMENT OF Wounds IN THE EPIDERMIS

Epithelial cells divide more
rapidly than usual for shallow
wounds and the new cells fill the
gap.

By Cheyenne Eastham

Treatment of wounds in the dermis

Inflammation is very likely when a cut goes through the
dermis.
After several minutes the wound starts to clot. This helps
blood not get out and bacteria not get in.
After time the dermis is repaired by stem cells.
Stem cells produce collagenous fibers and ground substance.
*additional resource added by Mrs. G: http://www.woundandhyperbaric.org/physicians/physiology.php

LT6: Characterize the different types of burns and estimate the extent of a burn injury.

Classification of burns

First-degree (partial thickness) burns:

involved.

Only surface layers of epidermis

Second-degree (partial thickness) burns: Involve the deep epidermal layers

and always cause injury to the upper layers of the dermis.

Third-degree (full-thickness) burns:

the epidermis and dermis.

Characterized by complete destruction of

May involve underlying muscle and bone (fourth-degree).

Lesion is insensitive to pain because of destruction of nerve endings
immediately after injury. Intense pain is soon experienced.
Extra Resource: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/Encyclopedia/Content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01738

Mrs. G

LT6: Characterize the different types of burns and estimate the extent of a burn injury.

Classification of burns (1st, 2nd, 3rd)

Mrs. G