TRANSFORMATIONAL GEOMETRY

BY: LIYA SUSANTI (093174006) MARETA WAHYU ARDYANI (093174021) YOLA YANETA HARSO (093174031)
INTERMATH 09

A rotation with center P through an angle is a point transformation in R2 such that each point A in R is transformed to A and
A

Theorem 6.1
Rotation is isometric
Proof: Take any point A and B in R2 Suppose R(P,);(A)=A1 means PA=PA1 and m1= R(P,);(B)=B1 means PB=PB1 and m1= B Look PAB and PA1B1 PA=PA1 and PB=PB1 m1 = m1 = m11 =1 P m =1 So m11= m and PAB PAB1(A,S,A) Hence AB=A1B1 This holds for any AB in R2 Therefore, rotation is an isometric

B A

Theorem 6.2 R2(P,)R1(P,)=R(P,+)

Proof: Take any point A Let R1(P,)(A)=A and R2(P,)(A)=A R2(P,)R1(P,)(A) =R2(P,) (R1(P,)(A)) =R2(P,)(A) =A
P

Theorem 6.3 If RP, and RP, is a rotation then for any AR2, it implies that RP, RP,(A)= RP, RP,(A)
A A

Proof:
P

Let and If If

and then then

and and and

Contd With and

With Therefore,

and

Rotation in Algebra
Let a point A(x,y) is rotated with the center O through an angle b, and

A(x,y) A(x,y)

Contd Consider Let

with

and

...(1)

...(2) Substituting (1) and (2), we obtain

or

Rotation whose center is not the origin

Let any point A(x,y) is rotated with the center P(a,b) through the angle . The coordinate axes xoy is translated such that the origin O coincides with P. Therefore, there exists the new coordinate axes xPy. From this new coordinate axes, we get P(0,0):A(x-a,y-b) and A(x,y). Assume that in this new coordinate, the image of A(x-a,y-b) through RP, is A(x,y), then:

A(x,y)
A(x,y)

x x

This x and y are absis and ordinate of point A with respect to xPy. If x and y are absis and ordinate of point A with rspect to xoy, we can obtain and Thus we get:

Theorem 6.4
Product of Two Rotation is Rotation or Translation
Proof: For same rotation center, has been proven in product of two rotation is rotation.

Suppose RB, . , =RC, . We will find point C, if point A and B

given. If s through point A and B then there is line u and s such that: , =MsMt, s and t intersect on A and make angle /2

 /2 A

/2

Cont.
RB, =MuMs, s and t intersect in A and make angle /2

RB, . ,

= MuMs .MsMt = Mu(MsMs)Mt = Mu(I)Mt = MuMt

= RC,, with C is intersection point between

u and t, is angle between u and t If u parallel t then RB, . , is a translation

Given RB, . , =RC,

1. 2. 3. 4. If < 1 + 2 180, = 1 + 2 If 1 + 2 > 180, = 1 + 2 360 If 1 + 2 < 180, then = 1 + 2 + 360 If 1 + 2 = 180, then RB, . , is translation

Theorem 6.5
Composition of a rotation and a translation is a rotation with the same revolve angle

Proof:
Suppose given , , translation s=a, g through

A and point B, such that a =

2AB, assume h through B . If each of Mg and Mn is reflection about g and h then Mh . Mg = T

Q /2 /2 A

B Q

Q2 Q1

Cont.
Make line r through A and make angle /2 with g, then , =Mg.Mr

We obtain:
S. , = (Mh.Mg).(Mg.Mr) = Mh.(Mg . Mg).Mr = Mh.I.Mr = Mh. Mr

= RC,
Therefore S. , = RC,

Theorem 6.6 A reflection about line g continued with a rotation 2

Proof:
Make line through A such that angle that has made by g and h in A is
2

A , , =Mh.Mg , .Mg =(Mh.Mg).Mg =Mh.(Mg.Mg) =Mh.I = Mh

B /2 g B

Theorem 6.7
If A is not on g(A,). Mg can be represented as a reflection to the line k and a parelel translation to the line k.
/2 A C B

k
P

Proof
Make line that through Ag and line h through A, we get angle /2 with line m, m and g intersect in B. R(A, ) = (Mn.Mm) so, R(A, ).Mg = (Mn.Mm).Mg = Mn.(Mm.Mg) = Mn.R(B,)

make line k through Bn and intersect n in C. Make line l through b//n so R(B,) = Ml.Mk. R(A, ).Mg = Mn.(Ml.Mk) = (Mn.Ml).Mk Mn.Ml equivalent with translation 2 BC = S2BC So R(A, ).Mg = S2BC.Mk

Theorem 6.8
For s // AB, then Ms.SAB =SAB.Ms
A
T B

T0

P T
r

Proof
Make line r and t and both of them perpendicular with distance (r,t) = AB. P=point(r,s), Q=point(t,s)

MS.SAB = MS.HQ.HP = MS.(MS.MT)(MR.MS) = (MS.MS)(MT.MR)MS) = I.SAB.MS So, MS.SAB = SAB.MS

Theorem 6.9
Any points A, B, P and angle can be found point C and D, so : a) SAB RP, = RC, b) RP, SAB = RD,
D /2 /2 C

Proof
a) We have point A, B, P and angle . Make line P, P AB. Make line q // p with distance (p,q) = AB. Make line r through P with m(r,p) = , so SAB RP, = (MqMp)(MpMr) = Mq(MpMp)Mr = Mq I Mr = Mq Mr D /2 /2 C = RC,

b) Make line p through P, p AB make line q//p, distance (q,p) = AB make line r through P with m(p,r) = RP, SAB = (MrMp)(MpMq) = Mr(MpMp)Mq = Mr I Mq = Mr Mq = RD,

REFERENCES
Budiarso, Mega Teguh. 2006. Geometri Transformasi. Surabaya: Unesa University Press Eccles, Frank. 1971. An Introduction to Transformational Geometry. Massachussets: Addison-Wesley