MECHANICS OF MACHINE BMCM 2723

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING UTeM

Sem2 -2011/2012

CHAPTER 3
FLYWHEEL

LEARNING OUTCOMES
APPLY FREE BODY DIAGRAM TO SOLVE PROBLEMS IN FLYWHEEL AND GOVERNOR.

CONTENTS
WHAT IS FLYWHEEL? SPEED CONTROLLER IN ONE CYCLE FLUCTUATION OF SPEED AND ENERGY

WHAT IS FLYWHEEL?
Flywheel is a speed controller in one cycle. Flywheel is a rotating mass used to maintain the speed of a machine between given limits while the machine releases or receives energy at a varying rate. Flywheel is an energy storage device. It stores energy as its speed increases, and gives up energy as the speed decreases. Controls only cyclic fluctuations in speed.

SPEED CONTROLLER IN ONE CYCLE

A mechanical system have a driver(motor) and driven(load). Input torque on driver is either constant or fluctuate. Resisting torque/load torque on driven is either constant or fluctuate. There are three combinations of different torque between driver and driven to control the fluctuation speed in a cycle:

a)
The controller speed is required

b) c)

When the input torque is constant and the resisting torque is constant. When the input torque is constant and the resisting torque is fluctuating. Example: motor drives a machine punches. When the input torque is fluctuating and the resisting torque is fluctuating. Example: internal combustion engine.
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FLUCTUATION OF SPEED AND ENERGY

Turning moment/crank effort diagram for a singlecylinder 4-stroke engine

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FLUCTUATION OF SPEED AND ENERGY

The net area of the diagram, as shown shaded, represents the work done during the cycle and the average height represents the mean torque exerted as shown by the line AE. If the resisting torque is uniform, this is equal to the mean engine torque if the mean speed is to remain constant.

FLUCTUATION OF SPEED AND ENERGY

If the engine torque exceeds the resisting torque, such as between points A and B, the engine speed up, and if it is less than the resisting torque, such as between points B and C, the engine slows down.

FLUCTUATION OF SPEED AND ENERGY

At the points of intersection, A,B,C,D,E, the engine torque and load torque are equal and hence there is no acceleration or deceleration; thus the speed is a maximum or minimum at these points.

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FLUCTUATION OF SPEED AND ENERGY

Over a complete cycle, the sum of the areas of the loops above and below the mean engine torque line are equal.

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FLUCTUATION OF SPEED AND ENERGY

The energy at point E must be the same as the energy at point A since the cycle is repeated.

Minimum energy Lets; Energy at point A = U Energy at point B = U + a Maximum energy Energy at point C = U + a b Energy at point D = U + a b + c Energy at point E = U + a b + c d = U

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FLUCTUATION OF SPEED AND ENERGY

Fluctuation of energy, E Maximum speed, 1
Mean torque line

Minimum speed, 2

By inspection of the areas of the loops above and below the mean torque line, the points of maximum and minimum energy may be obtained and these correspond with points of maximum and minimum speeds respectively. The excess energy available between the points of minimum and maximum speed speeds is called fluctuation of energy, E.
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FLUCTUATION OF SPEED AND ENERGY

The fluctuation of energy, E is represents the difference between the kinetic energies of the system at these points. If 1 and 2 are the maximum and minimum speed respectively during the cycle, then:
2 E I12 I2 ; whereI moment of inertia of the rotating parts/flywheel

1 1 2 2 1 2 I 12 2 2 1 I 1 2 1 2 2

Where the mean speed; Then; E

1 2
2

1 I 2 1 2 I 1 2 2

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FLUCTUATION OF SPEED AND ENERGY

1 2 Coefficient of fluctuation of speed; 2 Then; E I E Or; 2 I
I mk 2 For a flywheel that have outside and inside diameters; 1 I mo d o2 mi d i2 8

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EXAMPLE 7.1

EXAMPLE 7.2

EXAMPLE 7.3

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