Impulse and

Momentum
What makes things move?
Why do some objects move
continuously while some
moving objects stop
suddenly?
 In your previous lesson, you learned
that unbalance forces cause stationary
objects to move. In fact, according to
Newton,s Second Law of Motion, the
greater the force applied, the larger
the acceleration of an object. It is also
stated that with the same force,
heavier objects have smaller
acceleration.
 Net force = mass x acceleration or
Fnet =ma.
What affects motion?
Consider a cargo truck with a mass
of 10,000 kg traveling of 40km/hr
and small car with a mass of 2000kg
traveling at the same velocity. If two
vehicles suddenly lose their breaks
and crash against the brick wall,
 Which do you think would be more
damaging?
On what factor would be impact of
collision depend if their velocities are
the same?
What affects momentum?
On what two factors does momentum
depend on? It depends on the mass
and velocity.
 Momentum- is define as the product
of mass and the velocity of an object.
Equation. p = mv
Where: p = momentum
m = mass
v = velocity
Moving objects have velocities
can be measured directly or
indirectly. For stationary
objects where the velocity is
zero, the momentum is also
zero.
Exercises:
Object Mass (kg) Velocity Momentum
(m/s) (kg-m/s)

bird 0.03 18
Basketball 100 5
player
Bullet 0.004 600

Baseball 0.14 30

Frog 0.9 12
 Answer the following problem:
1. A bowling ball whose mass is
4.0kg is rolling at a rate of
2.5m/s. what is its momentum?
2. A skateboard is rolling at a
velocity of 3.0m/s with a
momentum of 6.0 kg-m/s. what
is its mass?
3. A pitcher throws a baseball with a
mass of 0.5 kg and a momentum of 10
kg-m/s. what is its velocity?

Assignment:
(Per group) bring the following:
1 large handkerchief
1 raw egg
Clear plastic
Activity; Playing Egg Volleyball
Guide Question:
1. Was the handkerchief able to
protect the egg from breaking?
Why? Why not?
2. Why would an egg break
immediately when it hits the
ground?
3. How was the impact force lessened
by the use of the handkerchief ?
4. Discuss how the hardness or
softness of the landing surface is
related to the time required to stop the
egg?
An external force acting on an object
over a specific time leads to a change in
momentum of the object.
Impulse- the product of the force
applied and the time interval during
which acts.
Impulse= force x time
The net force is directly proportional to
the mass of a body and its acceleration.
F=ma
Since a= vf-vi/t then
F=m (vf-vi)/t
Rearranging the equation;
Ft= mvi-mvf
Since p= mv then
Ft=pf-pi or Ft= p
The same impulse invariably leads to
the same change in momentum.
-the impact force is smaller when the
impact time is bigger, while the impact
force is bigger when the impact time is
smaller.
- Impulse means product of force and
time, it is equal the changes in
momentum.
Can you think of some other
applications of impulse in your
everyday life?
Sample problem:
Tiger woods hits a 0.02 kg golf ball,
giving it a speed of 25m/s. what
impulse does he impart to the ball?
Given: Find:
m= 0.02kg I
v = 25m/s- 0 =25 m/s
Solution:
Since that the golf ball is initially at
rest, the initial velocity is equal to 0.
Thus, I = p = m v
=(0.02 kg) (25 m/s)
= 0.05kg-m/s or 0.50 Ns
Conservation of Momentum
Remember that momentum, like
velocity and force is a vector quantity.
Activity: Balloon Rocket
Change in momentum= 0
Total initial momentum = total final
momentum.
0= pi +pf
-pi=pf , -(mv)i=-(mv)f
Example; two iceskaters stand together.
They push off and travel directly away
from each other the boy with a velocity
of +1.50 m/s. if the boy weighs 735.0
N and the girl, 490.0 N, what is the girls
velocity after they push off ?
Solution:
Remember that w=mg, thus m=w/g
Use g=9.8 m/s2)
 mass velocity
Boy= 75.00kg 1.50 m/s
Girl= 50.00 kg ?
Total initial momentum=total final mom.
0=pboy +pgirl
-pboy= pgirl
-(mv)boy = (mv)girl
-112.5 kg m/s= 50.0 kg (v girl)
-2.25 m/s=vgirl
Girl moves with velocity 2.25 m/s
opposite from the boy.
Remember:
Momentum is vector quantity must have
both magnitude and direction. The
direction of the momentum vector is
always in the same direction as the velocity
vector. For situations in which the two
vectors are in opposite directions, one
vector is considered negative and positive.
Problem:
Two ice skaters stand together. They push
off and travel directly away from each
other, the boy wit a velocity of +0.50 m/s
and the girl with a velocity of -0.65 m/s. if
the mass of the boy is 60.0kg, what is the
girls mass?
Collision- is an encounter between two
objects resulting in exchange of impulse
and momentum.
- Because the time of impact is usually
small, the impulse provided by external
forces like friction during this time is
negligible.
- If we take the colliding bodies as one
system, the momentum of the system is
therefore approximately conserve.
- In isolated system, the total
momentum of the system before the
collision is equal to the total
momentum of the system after
collision.
Total momentum before collision =
total momentum after collision.
Collision are categorized according to
whether the total kinetic energy of the
system change.
- Kinetic energy may be lost during
collision when its is converted to
heat or other forms like binding
energy, sound, light ect. And it is
spend in producing deformation or
damage, such as when two cars
collide.
Two types of Collision
1. Elastic collision- one in which the
total kinetic energy of the system
does not change and colliding
objects bounce off after collision.
2. Inelastic collision- one in which the
total kinetic energy of the system
changes. Ex. Converted to other
form of energy.
Object that stick together after collision is
said to be perfectly inelastic.
Example:
A 3.0 x 102g cart moves on an air track at
1.2 m/s. it collides with and sticks to
another cart of mass 5.0 x 102 g, which was
stationary before collision. What is the
velocity of the combined cart after collision?
Solution:
mass velocity( before collision)
Cart1 0.30 kg 1.2 m/s
Cart2 0.50 kg 0
The total momentum of the system is
conserve before and after collision
Tmbc=Tmac
(Pcart1+pcart2)before=(pcart1+pcart2) after
(m1v1)before +0= (m1+m2) Vafter
0.36kg-m/s= 0.80 vafter = 0.45m/s vafter
Since the carts stuck together after
collision , they have the same velocity
after collision. The combined carts
move at 0.45 m/s after the collision.
Elastic collision
Moving object collides with a
stationary object.
Two moving objects collides head-on
Two moving objects moving in the
same direction collide.
Inelastic Collision
Two objects collide, stick together and
move as one.
In everyday life, perfectly elastic
collisions are rare, and most collision
are inelastic to some extent.