Myanmar Student Movement History

or* pmpOf
{NyDv - 2007
88 ESpf - jrefrmEdik if aH usmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f - atmifxeG ;f a&;om;? or*pmpOfrS

2007 ckEpS f {Nyv
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{NyDv - 2007 yxrtBudrf tkyfa& - 500
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$ 30 US
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e-mail: abfsu@abfsu.net, bakatha@loxinfo.co.th URL: http://www.abfsu.net
The Union Publishing
P.O Box (102), Mae Ping Post Office, Chiang Mai (50301) Thailand
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(Auo)rsm;tzGJYcsKyf EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwDrS
Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands & Open Society Institute wdkh\
axmufyHUulnDrIjzifU xkwfa0onf/
ISBN 9 7 8 - 9 7 4 - 7 1 7 8 - 0 1 - 2
usaemfta&;csifqHk;pmtkyf
ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzJGYcsKyf (EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD) rS xkwfa0onf
THE UNION PUBLISHING

P.O Box (102), Mae Ping P.O, Chiang Mai (50301) Thailand
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&Jabmfrsm;? vdktyfaom tMuHmPfrsm;ay;cJhaom trSmpma&;om;ay;cJUaom udkatmifapmOD;? udkcGefqdkif;?
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tjcm; tcsuftvufrsm; &SmazG&ef qufoG,foifUolrsm;udk Tefjyay;cJUaom uG,fvGefol q&mOD;wifrdk;?
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taMumif;udk jznfUpGufajymjycJUaom q&mapm*sufaumU (ArmjynfUuGefjrLepfygwD)? udkAaqGav;usqHk;rIESifU
ywfoufNyD; pmrlMurf;a&;ay;aom q&mOD;odef;0if;? pmtkyfjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf wGef;tma;y;ajymMum;cJUNyD;
vdktyforQ tcsuftvufrsm;? pmGufpmwrf;rsm;udk rNiD;rjiL &SmazGay;cJhaom atatyDyDrS udkwdwfEdkifESifh
atatyDyDtzJGY? vdktyfonfU "gwfykHrsm;ESifU pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udk &SmazGulnDay;cJUaom rdkBudK;owif;pmrS
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udk0if;atmif (*syef) tm;vnf;aumif;? t*FvdyfvdkrSwfwrf;rsm;udk trSm;? trSefaxmufjyay;aom rpwm
uDAfpvif;? pmtkyftwGufvdktyfaom aiGaMu;&&Sd&ef ulnDaqmifGufay;aom udkbdkMunf (atatyDyD)?
yHkrsm;&SmazGay;jcif;ESifU puifemqJGay;aom udk*Ref*vif;? pmtkyftwGuf udkatmifxGef;"gwfyHkudk &SmazGay;om
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rrD;rD;? udkxGef;xGef;atmif? trSm;jyifqifjcif;rsm; pmjyifjcif;rsm;udk ulnDvkyfaqmifay;cJUMuaom rrdk;OD;?
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Muaom? oDcsif;pmom;rsm;udk BudK;pm;jznfay;cJUaom atbDtufpf'DtufzfrS &Jabmfrsm;jzpfaom udkvGrf;PD?
udkrdk;ausmfOD;? udkatmifxGef; wdkhtm;vnf;aumif;? BudKwifcGifUjyKcsuf awmif;cHrIr&SdbJ ,ckpmtkyfyg udk;um;
rDSjirf;cJU&aom tcsuftvufrsm;? "gwfyHkrsm;ESifUywfoufaom jynfwGif;jynfyxkwf pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;?
tifwmewfpmrsufESmrsm;? owif;Xmersm;? ,ckpmtkyfESifU ywfoufNyD; vkyfaqmifay;cJUMuaom tjcm;
trnfrazmfjyEdkifaom olrsm;tm;vHk;udkvnf;aumif; tav;teuf rSwfwrf;wif*kPfjyKtyfygonf??
We also extend thanks to the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the
Open Society Institute for the financial support which made the printing of this document
possible.
EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD
ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzJGYcsKyf
rwfv (13) &uf? 2007
- 1 -
FOR MY FATHER
jzwfoef;rIrsm;ay:wiG f pdw&f n
S pf mG jzifU
tbufbufu
tm;ay;ulncD aUJ om
rrtm;
txl;aus;Zl;wifrIjzifU
'DEikd if u
H Edik if o
H m;wpfa,muf?
ol&Y YJ tpGr;f ukeBf uKd ;pm;xm;wJU
dk;om;rIwckyg/
tem*wfrsK;d quftwGuf oJwpfyiG t
Uf jzpf
taxmuftuljyK&if auseyfygw,f/
atmifxGef;
udak tmifapmOD;\ trSm

(1) vGwfvyfa&;acwfausmif;om;or*eJh ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;&JYordkif;[m udkvdkeDacwfausmif;om;
or*eJh ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;&JY tqufjzpfw,f? tusKd;qufjzpfw,f/ udkvdkeDacwf ausmif;om;
or*eJh ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;&JY EdkifiHa&;tpOftvmudk qufcHudk,fpm;jyKwJU ordkif;jzpfw,f/
(2) e,fcsJYqefhusifa&;? udkvdkeDpepfa[mif;? pepfopfqefhusifa&;? trsKd;om;a&;eJh jrefrmUvGwfvyfa&;udk
xdef;odrf;Edkifa&;twGuf jynfolvlxkeJhtwl yg0ifcJUwJUordkif;jzpfw,f/
(3) urmppfqefhusifa&;? urmhNidrf;csrf;a&;? jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;? jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; wdkhtwGuf
jynfolrsm;eJhtwl wdkufyGJ0ifcJUwJUordkif;jzpfw,f/
(4) ppftmPm&Sifpepfqefhusifa&;? vlYtcGifUta&;eJh taxGaxG'Drdkua&pDa&; wdkufyGJudk ykHpHrsKd;pkHeJhwdkufyGJ
0ifcJUwJUordkif;jzpfw,f/ txl;ojzifU ppftmPm&Sifpepf qefhusifa&;wdkufyGJtwGif;rSm ydkrdkta&;ygwJU
vlxktiftm;BuD;w&yftjzpf yg0ifcJUwJUordkif;jzpfw,f/
(5) uarmufurynma&;pepf zsufodrf;a&;? trsKd;om;vuPmaqmifwJU 0dZmodyHenf;uswJU? acwfrDwJU?
trsm;twGufjzpfwJU trsKd;om;ynma&;pepf wnfaqmufa&;eJh ausmif;om;xkBuD;w&yfvkH;&JY ynm
oifMum;rIeJh aexdkifrItajctae aumif;rGefa&;wdkhtwGuf wdkufyGJ0ifcJUwJUordkif;jzpfw,f/ ausmif;om;
xk&JY trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rIeJh pm&dwzGHhNzdK;a&;wdkhtwGuf BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifcJUwJUordkif;jzpfw,f/
(6) jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI[m vufeufudkifwdkufyGJ qifETJwJUordkif;jzpfw,f/
'Daygif;csKyfokH;oyfcsufawGudk 1988 ck? Mo*kwfv (28) &uf wuotaqmuftODa[mif;ae&m
rSm Auoudk jyefvnfzGJYpnf;cJUwJUtcrf;tem;rSm ppfNyD;acwfeJhvGwfvyfa&;acwfOD; or*0ifausmif;om;
a[mif;BuD;rsm;udk,fpm; pum;ajymcJUpOfu or*acgif;aqmifa[mif; udkvSa&Tu xnfUoGif;ajymMum;oGm;cJU
ygw,f/ 'gayr,fU tJ'Dtcsdefumvu wnf&SdaewJU EdkifiHa&;avxkt&Sdeft& eHygwf (6) tcsufudkawmU
xnfUoGif;rajymbJ csefxm;cJUygw,f/
tckxkwfa0vdkufwJUpmtkyf[m 'Daeh'DtcsdefumvrSm 1962 ck? Zlvdkif (7) &ufta&;awmfykH
txdomyg&SdwJUtwGuf aemufaemif qufvufxkwfa0r,fU umvtydkif;rsm;&JY vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;rSmawmU
azmf j yyg aygif;csKyfokH;oyfcsufrsm;udk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;awGY jrifzwfI Mu&rSmyg/
1948-49? 1963-69? 1988-90 umvrsm;twGif; ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwcsKdYeJh wuf<uwJU
ausmif;om;rsm; vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;twGif; yg0ifoGm;cJUMuw,f/ 1963 ckESpfaemufydkif;&JY
ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk ordkif;rSwfwrf;wifMu&ifawmU ]jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;[m
vufeufudkifwdkufyGJ qifETJwJUordkif;jzpfw,f} qdkwJU ordkif;ed*kH;csKyfcsuf[m ydkrdkyDjyifkyfvHk;<uvmyg
vdrfUr,f/
bmyJjzpfjzpf 'Dausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIorkdif;pmtkyf xkwfa0&mrSmyg0ifywfouf t&if;tESD;ay;qyf
oGm;cJUMuwJU (rdrdvufvSrf;rDoavmuf) 1/ ociftkH;jrifU (wdk;wufa&;OD;tkH;jrifU)
2/ a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf (wuoOuX 1949-50)
3/ OD;ombef; (wuotrIaqmif? ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL; 1960-61)
4/ OD;wifat; (wuoOuX 1960-61)
5/ OD;vSa&T (wuotrIaqmif? tdk;a0r*Zif;wm0efcH? Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyftwGif;a&;rSL;tzGJY0if
1960-61)
- 5 -
6/ udkrsKd;xGef; (ac:) udkcGefqdkif; (aq;-1? 1971-76 rdIif;&mjynfU)

7/ udkatmifxGef; (pufrIwuodkvfausmif;om;or*? 1988)
8/ udkrif;ol ("gwfykHrSwfwrf;)
9/ udkat;Edkif (rdwLul;puf)
10/ rcifrdk;at;
11/ rpkpk0if;
12/ r&D&DxGef;
13/ OD;pkd;odef; (wuoOuX 1957-58)
14/ OD;baumif; (wuo 'k-OuX 1958-59)
15/ OD;aomfaumif; (&efukefwuodkvf? pmMunfUwdkufrSL;)
- wdkhtm; av;pm;OD;Twf*kPfjyKvsuf
atmifapmOD; (rdIif;&mjynfU)
oGm;zufqdkif&maq;wuodkvf (1972-76)
Mo*kwfv (28) &uf? 2004ckESpf
- 6 -
nDawmfaemifawmf or*ausmif;om;
&Jabmftaygi;f odhk OD;Gwjf cif;
pmtkyfudkjyKpka&;om;ol udkatmifxGef; axmifrSvGwfrvmao;yg/ olY&JY&eHhrJhc&D;&Snfu (9) ESpf
wdkifygNyD/ pmtkyfudk ulnDjyKpkol vlyk*dKvf (23) OD; axmifuscJUygw,f/ trsm;pk[m acwftqufquf
ausmif;om;or* wdu
k yf aJG wGMum; ta&;awmfyaHk wGMum;u ausmif;om;&JabmfawGcsn;f ygy/J tm;vk;H tenf;qk;H
(7) ESppf aD wmU ay;qyf&ygw,f/ wcsKYd toufygay;cJ&U ygw,f/ usaemfw[
hkd m 'Dpmtkyu
f kd vGwaf jrmuf&me,fajr
a&mufatmif ydkhEdkifcJUMuygw,f/ EdkifiHwuma&muf ausmif;om; 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;uvnf; us,fus,f
jyefhjyefh xkwfa0Edkifatmif BudK;yrf;&if; tckpmtkyfjzpfcJUygNyD/
ocifatmifqef; or*ausmif;om;b0u ykodrfpnf;kH;a&;c&D;pOfrSm twlvdkufygvIyf&Sm;cJUwJU
ocifOD;tkef;jrifUvnf; axmifusygw,f/ olYtouf (80) jynfUarG;aehudk usaemfeJhtwl oD;oefhaxmif
oD;oefhwdkuf0if;rSm 1998 ckESpf OD;ydkif;rSm jzwfausmfcJUMuygw,f/ tbOD;tkef;jrifUudk pwifqkH&pOfuvnf;
1989 ckESpf tif;pdefaxmif wdkuf (4) rSmyg/ olh&JY EdkifiHa&;tawGYtMuHKawGudk em,lcJUMu&zl;ygw,ff/
ocifatmifqef;&JY i,foil ,fcsi;f or*tek ;f jrif[
U m (88) rsK;d qufawGxd ta&;awmfyt
Hk vHukd vufqifu
U rf;
cJhygw,f/
' ED pS x
f J (2006ckEpS )f rSmyif uav;NrKd ?Y trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGcYJ sKyrf S jynfov
Yl w
T af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,f
OD;odef;0if;&JYpsmyerSm or*acgif;aqmif rif;udkEdkifudk vlwOD;u tom;vGwf0ifa&muf xdk;BudwfzdkhBudK;pm;wm
MuHK&ygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm tjrefqkH;wkefhjyefckcHol[m or*OD;tkef;jrifUyg/ olYtouf (89) ESpf&SdygNyD/ q&m
wa,mufvdk? zcifwa,mufvdk rsKd;qufopfawGudk apmifUa&SmufaeqJyg/
axmifxJrSm udkrif;ol toufay;cJU&ygw,f/ OD;wifat; (NrKdYr) udkvnf; uG,fvGefumeD;rS
vTwfay;cJUvdkh tdrfta&muf rMumcifrSmuG,fvGefcJUygw,f/ a&SYaeBuD;OD;wifat;vnf; axmifxJu pdwfcEm
'Pf&mawGeJh vGwfNyD; wpfESpfrjynfUcifrSm kwfw&ufuG,fvGefcJUygNyD/
ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;[m wdkif;jynfeJhvlrsKd;twGuf tpOfxGef;ajymifaeygvdrfUr,f/ e,fcsJY
qefhusifa&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;? 'Drdkua&pDeJhvlYtcGifUta&;wdkh twGuf ausmif;awmfom;awGu
acwfwdkif;rSm BudK;yrf;wdkufyGJ0ifcJUMuwmyg/ tckvnf; (88) rsKd;quf? (96) rsKd;qufawGu c&D;&SnfwdkufyGJ
qufaeMuqJyg/ axmiftoD;oD; awmtaxGaxGeJh a0;ajr&yfjcm;u nDawmfaemifawmf or*ausmif;om;
&Jabmftaygif;udk (udkatmifxGef;? udkmPf0if;? udkxGef;vSwdkh udk,fpm;) pmtkyfjzifh av;pm;pGmOD;Twf
*kPfjyKtyfygw,f/
cGefqdkif;
atmufwdkbmv (29) &uf? 2006
pmtkyjf zpfajrmufa&;twGuf &eHrh cUJ &D;&Snf csw

D ufcMUJ uolwcsKYd
1/ udkatmifxGef; (pmtkyfjyKpkol)
2/ udkmPf0if;
axmifusqJ
axmifusqJ
- 7 -
3/ udkxGef;vS
axmifusqJ
4/ OD;rif;ol
axmifwGif;uG,fvGef
5/ OD;wifat; (NrKdYr)
axmifrSvGwfajrmuf rMumcifuG,fvGef
6/ OD;wifat; (a&SYae)
axmifrSvGwfajrmuf wpfESpfcefhwGifuG,fvGef
7/ ociftkef;jrifU
rdk;BudK;owif;pm
8/ a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf
a&SYaeBuD;
9/ OD;vSa&T
or*acgif;aqmifa[mif;
10/ OD;ombef; (a&SYae)
or*acgif;aqmifa[mif;
11/ OD;tkef;armif (anmifav;yifNrdKYe,f jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf)
12/ OD;tkef;jrifU (a&SYae)
13/ OD;atmifZif (a&SYae)
14/ OD;cifarmifcsKd (a&SYae)
15/ OD;cifarmifNidrf; (a&SYae)
16/ udk,OfxGef;
17/ udkausmf0P
18/ udk[m&Gef (c) udkvS0if;
19/ udkpdk;vGif
20/ OD;jrifUatmif (a&SYae)
21/ rpkpk0if;
22/ rcifrdk;at;
23/ udkcGefqdkif;
- 8 -
ordik ;f a&;oGm;wJU ordik ;f

ppftpd;k &vufatmufrmS ausmif;om;tzJt
YG pnf;awG w&m;0if&yfwnfciG &Uf zdhk Nird ;f csr;f wJaU usmif;om;
vIyf&Sm;rIawG vkyfcGifU&zdkha0;a&m? ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; jyKpkwmeJhwif BuD;av;wJU&mZ0wfrIxdkufygw,f/
ppftyk pf [
k m ausmif;om;awG&t
YJ cef;u@eJh ordik ;f tpOftvmudk tJonfaU vmuf taMumufBu;D aMumufygw,f/
onftjzpftysufudk udkatmifxGef;&JY tjzpftysufu oufaocHygw,f/
udkatmifxGef;? olYuG,f&mrSm ukvm;BuD;vdkh usaemfwdkhac:ygw,f/ pdwfomcsdef nydkif;pum;0dkif;
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jzwfavQmufoGm;wm jrifvdkuf&ygw,f/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;awGvnf; olYudk owdxm;rdyHkr&ygbl;/
1990 ausmif;om;nDvmcHudk ZGefvukef rEav;rSmvkyfawmU olYudk Auo (atmufArmjynf) &JY
twGif;a&;rSL;tzJGY0iftjzpf nDvmcHu a&G;cs,ftwnfjyKygw,f/ nDvmcHNyD;awmU nDvmcHqHk;jzwfcsufawGudk
taumiftxnfazmf&mrSm tzJGYwm0ef&dSolwOD;taeeJh ZJG&dS&dStEHGwmcHvkyfaqmifrIudk awGY&ygw,f/ nDvmcH
qHk;jzwfcsufawGeJh tzJGYtpnf;&JYoabmxm;udk aoGzDjcif;r&dSyJ &yfwnfvIyf&Sm;cJUwJU acgif;aqmifwOD;yg/
tjcm;tvkyform;or*? &[ef;ysKdor*? vli,for*awGeJh usaemfwdkh ausmif;om;or*awG pkzJGYxm;wJh
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;wyfaygif;pk wm0efudkvnf; wzufrSm olxrf;&ygw,f/ wm0efydkif;qdkif&meJh
olzmomvkyfaqmifr,fvdkh qHk;jzwfvdkufwJU vkyfief;wdkif;udk rjzpfrae&atmif taumiftxnfazmfwwfwJU
- 9 -
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xrif;pm;0dkif;u Ak'bmom udk&ifESpfyg;&JY a0,sm0peJh qGrf;uGrf;uyfwmawGvnf; oleJh udkwdk;u wm0ef,l
vkyfavU&dSygw,f/ axmifwGif; rdciftzJGYtpnf;tvdkuf yHkrSefaqG;aEG;0dkif;awG vkyfawmUvnf; usaemfwdkh
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ruygbl; taqmifrSmjzpfvmwJU EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGeJh tmPmydkifawGeJh xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkifrIwdkif;rSm
olua&Sq
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wdkufzufudk axmiftmPmydkifawGu oD;jcm;ydkhypfvdkufygw,f/
olu usaemfUxuf &ufydkif;apmNyD; om,m0wDaxmifu vGwfygw,f/ 1994 tukefydkif;jzpfr,f/
usaemf rHk&Gmaxmifu jyefvGwfNyD; tdrfa&mufvdkh em&Dydkif;yJ&dSwkef; ola&mufvmw,f/ axmifuvGwfvdkh ol
ausmif;jyefwufNy;D &efuek pf ufrw
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wOD;csif;pDuae NyD;cJUwJU vIyf&Sm;rIeJh axmifwGif;jzwfoef;rI oHk;oyfcsuftpD&ifcHpm wapmifpD awmif;ygw,f/
usaemf a&;ay;vdkufygw,f/ 'gawGjyefaygif;NyD; olYtaeeJh jyefoHk;oyfcsufwck xkwfcsifw,fvdkh qdkygw,f/
- 10 -
wcsdefwnf;rSmyJ olusdwfvkyfaewmwckudk usaemf odvdkufygw,f/ t&ifausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrSwfwrf;awG

&oavmuf olYudk&Smay;zdkh ajymygw,f/ bmvkyfrvdkhvJar;awmU olu ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;wck jyKpk
aew,fvdkhqdkygw,f/ olYtdrfu olYtcef;oGm;&ifvnf; onfordkif;pm&GufawGcsnf; awGYae&ygw,f/ tJonfU
umvrSm ordik ;f a&;zdu
hk pd u
ykd J txl;tmHx
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kd mta&;tcif; rjzpfcifavmufrmS
olNyD;pD;cJUyHk &ygw,f/ usaemfUtdrfvmNyD; zwfMunfUzdkh ay;ygw,f/ tJonfUumvwkef;uawmU tao;pdwf
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usaemf xkid ;f e,fpyfzufa&mufNy;D rMumcifrmS olpY mtkyaf wG onfzufrmS ysaYH eygNy/D olehJ zke;f &wJt
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axmifcscH&avmufwJUtxd &mZ0wfrIajrmufr,fvdkh usaemfrxifwm trSefyg/ pmtkyfa&;NyD; jzefhawmUvnf;
1962 ckEpS f rwdik cf ifu tydik ;f txdyjJ zpfovdk jyefxw
k &f ifvnf; onftydik ;f yJ jzpfrmS rdhk vuf&pSd pftyk pf t
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vIy&f mS ;rIawGuykd g a&;xm;ayr,fU olt"du jzefch w
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oleJhusaemf aemufqHk; zkef;tquftoG,f&csdefu usaemf Oa&myc&D;pOf a&mufaeygw,f/
e,fomvefEdkifiH todrdwfaqGtdrfuae oleJh zkef;&ygw,f/ tJonfUtcsdeftxd olYtajctaeu pdk;&drf&wJU
taetxm;r&dSwJU oabmrSm&dSygw,f/ 96 NyD;vdkh usaemfwdkh onfzufa&mufawmU olYudk tenf;i,f
apmifUMunfUwJUoabmrSmyJ &dSygw,f/ c&D;pOfuae usaemfxdkif;jyefa&mufawmU rMumcifrSmyJ oltzrf;cH&
w,fvdkh Mum;&ygw,f/ oleJhtwl onfordkif;pmtkyfjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf ulnDolawGudkyg zrf;qD;cJUygw,f/
ulnDolawGtxJrSm vlBuD;ydkif;awGyg ygwmrdkh vlBuD;awGyg tzrf;cH&ygw,f/ onfUtwGuf olYudka0zefrI
wcsKdY&dSayr,fU? olYpdwf"gwf olY&yfwnfcsufeJh olYapwemudk usaemfuawmU tjynfUt0em;vnfygw,f/
jynfya&mufrS ola&;xm;wmawGukd taotcsm jyefzwfMunfyU gw,f/ jyefzwfMunfrU S wefz;kd Bu;D Bu;D
olay;qyfcw
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axmifxJrSm MuHUMuHUcdkif&yfwnfaeqJ jzpfygw,f/ ol[m jrifUjrwfwJU wdkufyJG0if cGyfa'gif;tvHawmfatmufrSm
jrJjrHpGm&yfwnf&if; ausmif;om;ordkif;udk pdkufxlaeqJ jzpfygw,f/
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(12) Mo*kwf? 2005
- 11 -
udkatmifxGef;
1967 ckESpfwGif arG;zGm;cJUonf/ 1988 ckESpfwGif &efukefpufrIwuodkvf
yrESpf (vQyfppf-tif*sifeD,m) ausmif;om;tjzpf oifMum;aeqJ jzpfonf/
1987 rqvtpdk;&rS aiGpuLrsm;w&m;r0ifaMumif; aMunmrIaMumifU ay:ayguf
cJUaom ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;rS pwifum awmufavQmuf yg0ifcJUonf/
&efukefpufrIwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS acgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfonf/ 198889 ckESpf wavQmufvHk;wGif ay:aygufcJUaom ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif
yg0ifcJhonf/
1990 {NyDvtwGif; Auorsm; tzGJYcsKyf (atmufArmjynf)udk zGJYpnf;cJU&m
wGif A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY twGif;a&;rSL;tzGJY0iftjzpf yg0ifaqmif&GufcJUonf/
1990 ckESpf rEav;wGif usif;ycJUaom ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;
tzGJYcsKyf nDvmcH A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY twGif;a&;rSL;tzGJY0iftjzpf a&G;cs,f
wifajrmufjcif; cHcJU&onf/ nDvmcHrScsrSwfcJUaom &uf (30) twGif; vTwfawmf
ac:,lEdkifa&;twGuf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyftm; 0dkif;&HulnD&ef[laom tcsuf
tm; t"dutaumiftxnf azmfcJhMuolrsm;wGif yg0ifonf/ 1990 *EDnDvmcH
tBudKvlxkvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk AuorS OD;aqmifvIyfSm;cJU&mwGif acgif;aqmifvIyfSm;cJU
onf/ *EDnDvmcHtNyD; pufwifbm (1) &ufaeh AuorS tjcm;acgif;aqmif
rsm;ESifUtwl zrf;qD;cHcJU&onf/ 28? 10? 1990 wGif axmif'Pf (5) ESpfcsrSwfjcif;
cHcJU&onf/ axmifrSvGwfNyD; ausmif;jyefwufcGifU&onfUtwGuf 1997 ckESpfwGif
pufrIwuodkvfrS ausmif;NyD;cJUonf/
1996 ckESpf ESpfqef;rSp]usaemfta&;csifqHk;pmtkyf} [k trnf&
aom ]jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyfSm;rIordkif;} (,ck) pmtkyfudk pwifjyKpkcJUonf/
1998 ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvtwGif; if;pmtkyf vQKdY0SufjzefhcsdrIaMumifU axmif'Pf
(17) ESpf cscH&onf/ ,cktcg tif;pdefaxmiftwGif; Sdaeonf/
udak tmifxeG ;f udk urmw
h 0Sr;f Edik if aH &;t& zdEydS jf cif;cHae&aom pma&;q&mrsm;
tm; ay;tyfaom [,fref? [ef;rwf*&efhqk (Hellman/Hammett Grant) udk
1999 ckESpfwGif csD;jrifUcJUonf/ urmhpma&;q&mrsm;toif; tifwmae&Sife,fyef
tzJGY0ifrsm;jzpfaom aemfa0? uifbm&m? uae'g&Sd yefpifwmrsm;u udkatmifxGef;tm;
if;wdkhtzJGYrsm;\ *kPfxl;aqmiftzJGY0ifwOD;tjzpf aMunm*kPfjyKcJUonf/
- 12 -
pma&;ol\ trSm
yxrwJG
1991 ck? azazmf0g&Dvqef;ydkif;avmufu jzpfr,fxifygonff/ tif;pdefaxmif (3) aqmifwGif?
bk&m;av;bufjcrf;wGif aumf&pf'gwck&Sdygonf/ xdkaumf&pf'gwGif reufydkif;qdkvQif vrf;avQmufavU
&Sdygonf/ xkdaumf&pf'gonf ay (440) &Sd pum;ajym&if; vrf;avQmuf&onfrSm uRefawmfwdkhtzdkh
vkyfaeMu tvkyfwckvdk jzpfaeayonf/ uRefawmfUudk oD;oefhaxmifrS (3) aqmifodkh ydkhvdkufNyD;aemuf
rMumrDtaqmifudk tbOD;tkef;jrifU a&mufvmygonf/ oleJhuRefawmf aumf&pf'gwGif vrf;avQmuf&if;
ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;pmtkyfa&;&ef tMuHmPf &&SdcJUygonf/
1994 ck? pufwifbmv (23) &uf om,m0wDaxmifrS vGwfvmNyD;aemuf xdkpmtkyfa&;&ef
rSwfwrf;rSwf&mESifU ordkif;taxmuftxm;rsm;udk pwifpkaqmif;cJUygonf/ xdkhodkhpkaqmif;&mwGif
vwfwavmtajctaet& tcuftcJrsm;awGY&Sd&ouJUodkh wcsKdYyk*dKvfrsm;xHrS &&SdcJUaomfvnf; wcsKdY
yk*dKvfrsm;rSmrl tb,fodkhaom taMumif;t&mrsm;aMumifUrod? uRefawmfr&&SdcJUyg/ odkhjzifU uRefawmf
&&SdcJUaom rSwfwrf;rSwf&m ordkif;taxmuftxm;rsm;udkom pkpnf;a&;om;cJU&m jynfUpHkvHkavmufrI
&Sdrnfr[kwfay/ pmtkyfrSmrl arQmfrSef;xm;onfxuf ydkrdkxloGm; yxrwGJ (1903-1942) xd xkwfa0
vdkufygonf/ usefESpfrsm;udkvnf; twGJrsm;cGJ xkwfa0oGm;ygrnf/ (88) ESpf (1903-1991) ausmif;om;
vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;pmtkyftjzpf a&;om;&ef &nf&G,fxm;ygonf/ NAdwdoQe,fcsJYqefhusifa&;? vGwfvyfa&;
BudK;yrf;rI? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? vlYtcGifUta&;BudK;yrf;rIrsm;wGif ausmif;om;wdkh\ BuD;us,fjrifUjrwfvSaom
trsKd;om;a&;BudK;yrf;rIrsm;udk a&;om;xm;ygonf/
xdkpmtkyfjzifU 'Drdkua&pDESifU vlYtcGifUta&;wdkufyGJ tqifUqifUwGif usqHk;oGm;olrsm;tm;vnf;
aumif;? &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkBuD;twGif; (3) ESpft&G,f cav;i,fav;rStp touf (100)
ausmf tzdk;tzGm;rsm;tqHk; if;wkdhyg0ifvIyf&Sm;rIudkvnf;aumif;? &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkBuD;tm;
vnf;aumif;? uRefawmfeJhtwlaxmiftwGif; opm&SdpGmaexdkifcJUNyD; axmifwGif;wkdufyGJrsm;tm; opm&Sd
pGmyg0ifcJholrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? 1988 rS 1990 txd uRefawmfyg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJhaom &efukefpufrI
wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*? ausmufwHwm;NrdKYe,fausmif;om;or*? 'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;
vli,frsm;tiftm;pk (&efukefwdkif;)? ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJYcsKyf (atmufArmjynf)?
ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJYcsKyf (ArmEdkifiH)? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;wyfaygif;pk
(NDRF) wdkhtm; *kPfjyKOD;Twfvdkufygonf/
uRefawmftm; i,fpOfuyif avUvm&ef EdkifiHa&;pmayESifU rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm; ay;tyfcJUaom
bBuD;t&if; ocifa<u (0g;c,fr) tm;vnf;aumif;? rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm; ulnD&SmazGay;cJUaom tb
OD;tkef;jrifUtm;vnf;aumif;? uRefawmfpmxkdifa&;jzpfcJhaom uRefawmfUtazxdkifcJUonfU tpdrf;a&mifpm;yGJcHk
av;tm;vnf;aumif;? tultnDay;cJUaom rcifrdk;at;tm;vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;wifvsuf/
atmifxGef;
- 13 -
NAw
d o
d Qe,fcsq
YJ efusiaUf &;
'Drdkua&pDa&;
zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;
vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI
Nidrf;csrf;a&;
vlYtcGifUta&;BudK;yrf;rIESifU
(88) ESpf
(1903 - 1991)
ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
pmtkyx
f w
k af 0&jcif; trSm
Edik if w
H pfc\
k ordik ;f onf ,if;Edik if w
H iG ;f &Sd ordik ;f acwfumvudk rodrrSv
D u
kd o
f nfh vli,frsK;d qufrsm;
twGuf ta&;BuD;ygonf/ vli,frsKd;qufrsm;taejzifU rdrdEdkifiH\ordkif;udk tjzpftrSeftwdkif; od&SdEdkif&ef
vdktyfygonf/ od&SdkHwifru rdrdEdkifiH\ ordkif;jzpf&yfrsm;twGif;rS tm;aumif;csufrsm;udk vufqifhurf;
qufcEH ikd &f efEiS hf tm;enf;csurf sm;udk oifcef;pmxkw,
f w
l wf&ef yd
k ta&;Bu;D ygonf/ odrhk o
S m rdrEd ikd if t
H wGuf
rdrdykckH;ay:&Sd vuf&SdypKyefumv wm0efrsm;twGufa&m tem*wfwm0efrsm;twGufyg wm0efausyGefEdkifrnf
jzpfygonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifU acwfumvtqufquf ordkif;jzpf&yfrSefrsm; pkpnf;azmfxkwfEdkifrI tm;enf;
cJyU gonf/ txl;ojzifU Adv
k af e0if;ppftmPm&Sit
f yk pf rk S 1962ckEpS f ppftmPmodr;f Ny;D aemufyikd ;f ordik ;f tarSmif
acwfudk usa&mufcJU&ygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;wGif ta&;ygonfU tcef;u@wGifyg0ifcJUonfU ausmif;om;
or*pdwf"mwfESifU ausmif;om;pdwf"mwfudktajccHonfU ausmif;om;or*vIyf&Sm;rI? ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;
udk taMumufBuD;aMumuf&GHY cJUaom ppftmPm&SiftkyfpkrS ppftmPmodrf;NyD;NyD;csif; ausmif;y&0PftwGif;
aoG;pGe;f apcJo
U nfU (7) &uf Zlvikd af usmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIEiS hf ausmif;om;or*taqmuftODtm; &ufpufidk ;f jypGm
rdik ;f jzifNU zKd ccJG jUJ cif;jzifU jrefrmEdik if aH usmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rI ordik ;f udk tpazsmufvufpwk;H ypf&ef BuKd ;pm;cJMU uygonf/
rnfonfU tkyfcsKyfolrqdk ordkif;trSefudk azsmufzsufvdrfnm r&Edkifyg/ jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;
vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f udv
k nf; ppftmPm&Sit
f qufqufrS rnfoyhkd ifvrd n
f mazsmufzsuaf pcsiu
f mrl azsmufzsuyf pf
&rnfr[kwfyg/ rsKd;qufqdkonfum azsmufzsufypfvdkhr&ovdk jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;rsKd;qufa[mif;rsm;rS
ausmif;om;rsK;d qufopftoD;oD;odhk ausmif;om;or* pdw"f mwfEiS hf ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rI ordik ;f tqufqufukd
tpOftquf vufqifhurf;tarGay;cJhonfom jzpfygonf/ xdkhtwGufvnf; &ufpufMurf;MuKyfvSonfU
ppftmPm&Sipf epfatmufwiG f ppftmPm&Siq
f efu
h siaf &; ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIrsm; qufwu
kd q
f o
kd vdk ay:aygucf UJ
&onfom jzpfygonf/
,ck jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ordkif;udk a&;om;jyKpkcJhonfU udkatmifxGef;onf 1988
ckESpf ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIumvESifh &Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykHBuD;twGif; &efukefpufrIwuodkvfausmif;om;
acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfygonf/ 1990 ckESpf ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;twGif; ausmif;om;or*acgif;aqmifwOD;
tjzpf ppftusOf;axmiftwGif; tusOf;uscHcJh&ygonf/ ppftusOf;axmiftwGif; olMuHKqkHcJh&onfh e,fcsJY
qefhusifa&;umvrS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsKd;qufrsm; rSonf acwftqufquf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif
rsKd;qufrsm;xHrS od&SdcJh&onfU ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rItawGYtMuHK? ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIorkdif;rsm;rS jrefrmEdkifiH
orkdif;twGuf vdktyfaeonfU uGufvyfjzpfaeonfh jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;tm; jyKpk&ef
pdwful;ay:aygufcJUygonf/ ppftusOf;axmiftwGif;rS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmonfU tcsdefrSpwif ,ck
jrefrmEdik if aH usmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f pmtkyt
f m; tywfwukwBf uKd ;pm;tm;xkwf a&;om;jyKpck yUJ gonf/ pmtkyaf &;
om;jyKpkNyD;cJUaomfvnf; ppftmPm&Sifpepfatmuf us,fjyefhpGm xkwfa0&efrjzpfEdkifcJhyg/ rdwLyGm;onfU
tqifUrQom wwfEdkifcJUygonf/ ,if;pmtkyf jyKpka&;om;cJUonfUudpjzpfyif udkatmifxGef;tygt0if pmtkyfjzpf
ajrmufa&;twGuf ulnDyHUydk;ay;cJUonfh rsKd;quftoD;oD;rS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; ppftmPm&Sif
rsm;rS tndK;taw;BuD;pGmjzifU zrf;qD;tusOf;cscJUygonf/ wcsKdYausmif;om;acgif;aqmif rsKd;qufrsm;um ppf
tusO;f axmiftwGi;f usq;Hk uG,v
f eG o
f mG ;cJyU gNy/D wcsKu
Yd m tusO;f axmifrS vGwaf jrmufNy;D rMumrD usq;Hk uG,f
vGef oGm;&&Smonf/ wcsKdYum jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmcJUNyD jzpfonf/ udkatmifxGef;rSmum ,aehwdkif
ppftusOf;axmiftwGif; tusOf;uscHae&qJjzpfonf/
- 15 -
udak tmifxeG ;f a&;om;jyKpck o

hJ nfU jrefrmEdik if aH usmif;om;vIy&f mS rIordik ;f pmtkyo
f nf 1903 ckEpS rf pS wif
1991 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;or*rsm;\vIyf&Sm;rI? ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrSwfwrf;rsm;?
,if;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif udk,fwdkifudk,fus yg0ifcJUolrsm;\ rSwfwrf;rsm;udktajccH jyKpka&;om;cJUjcif; jzpfyg
onf/ ,ckrdrdwdkh ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJYcsKyf-EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwDrS xkwfa0onfU
udkatmifxGef;\ jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;pmtkyfwGifrl rdrdwdkhvufcH&&Sdxm;onfU 1903 ckESpfrS
1962 ckEpS x
f d pmrlrw
d L udo
k m azmfjyxkwaf 0Edik yf gonf/ rdrw
d v
hkd ufc&H &So
d nfU pmrlrw
d L rsm;rSmvnf; tqifq
U ifU
rdwLyGm;,lxm;&jcif;jzpfonfUtavsmuf pmvkH;? pmaMumif;? pmydk'frsm; rxif&Sm;jcif;? jywfawmufjcif;rsm;
&SdaeygojzifU tm;enf;csufrsm; &SdaeEdkifygonf/ rdrdwdkhtaejzifUvnf; udkatmifxGef;\ ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI
ordik ;f pmtkyt
f m; taumif;rGef tjynfpU q
Hk ;Hk jzpfatmif BuKd ;pm;jyifqifc&UJ onft
U wGuf xGu&f o
dS ifo
U nfu
U mvxuf
aemufusrS xkwfa0EdkifcJU&jcif;udkvnf; cGifUvTwfem;vnfay;yg&ef awmif;yeftyfygonf/
rdrw
d hkd ArmEdik if v
H ;Hk qkid &f mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGcYJ sKy-f Edik if jH cm;a&;&maumfrwDtaejzifU udak tmifxeG ;f
\,ckpmtkyt
f m; xkwaf 0Edik cf jUJ cif;twGuf vuf&rdS sK;d qufausmif;om;vli,frsm;twGi;f jrefrmEdik if aH usmif;om;
vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f uGi;f quftm; vufqifu
U rf;ay;Edik &f ef? jrefrmEdik if aH usmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIorkid ;f tm; avUvmaeol
rsm;twGuf qufpyfay;Edkif&efESifU aemiftem*wf jrefrmEkdifiHordkif;jzpf&yfrSefrsm; jyefvnfa&;om;jyKpkonfU
tcg taxmuftuljyKEdkif&eftwGuf tusKd;jzpfxGef;vdrfUrnf[k ,kHMunfygonf/
,ckpmtkyftm; a&;om;jyKpkcJUol? ,ckpmtkyfa&;om;jyKpkcJUonfU udp&yfaMumifU ,aehxufwdkif
ppftusO;f axmiftwGi;f tusO;f uscaH e&qJjzpfonfh (88) rsK;d qufausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif udak tmifxeG ;f tm;
vnf;aumif;? e,fcsq
YJ efu
h siaf &;umvrSonf ,aehppftmPmqefu
h siaf &;? 'Dru
kd a&pDa&;wdu
k yf u
JG mvtxdwikd f
wkdufyGJtqufquf usqkH;cJU&aom? udk,fusKd;pGefhtepfemcHcJUMuaom ausmif;om;rsKd;quftoD;oD;tm;
rdrdwdkh ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJYcsKyf - EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwDrS av;pm;pGm OD;Twf*kPfjyK
tyfygonf/
EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD
ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJYcsKyf
rwfv (9) &uf? 2007 ckESpf
- 16 -
rmwdum
yxrwGJ (1903 - 1942)
-
aus;Zl;wifvTm (1)
udkatmifapmOD;\ trSm (5)
nDawmfaemifawmf or*ausmif;om;&Jabmftaygif;odkh OD;Twfjcif; (7)
ordkif;a&;oGm;wJU ordkif; (9)
udkatmifxGef; (pma&;oludk,fa&;tusOf;) (12)
pma&;ol\ trSm - yxrwJG (13)
pmtkyfxkwfa0&jcif; trSm (15)
rmwdum - yxrwGJ (1903-1942) (17-21)
pma&;ol\ trSm - 'kwd,wJG (23)
rmwdum - 'kwd,wGJ (1945-1962) (25-32)
tcef; (1) udkvdkeDacwfOD;ydkif;

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1903 rS 1906) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
(u) 1903-ckESpf &Sdcdk;jyemESifh ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) 0dkiftrfbDat (Y.M.B.A) tpausmif;om;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tcef; (2) udkvdkeDacwfOD;ydkif;
e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1918 rS 1921) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf
(u) aumvdyfoydwfrwdkifrD ausmif;om;rsm;tajctae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) 1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf jzpfay:vm&jcif;taMumif;t&if; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) oydwftwGufjyifqifMujcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) oydwfarSmufpOfjrifuGif;ESifh ausmif;om;wdkY\ckdifrmaompdwf"gwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) pdefayg[kdufpul;ausmif;om;rsm; yg0ifvmjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) rEav;NrKdUoydwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) oydwft&Sdefwufvmjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) awmif;qkdcsufay;ydkYjcif;ESifh ausmif;rwuf&efqHk;jzwfjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) trsKd;om;ausmif;? trsKd;om;aumvdyfwnfaxmifjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(n) 1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf trsKd;om;a&;atmifjrifrIrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- trsKd;om;aumvdyfausmif;rsm;odkY q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;rdefYMum;csuf . . . . . . . . . .
- trsKd;om;ynma&; aumifpDOu| OD;armifBuD; (trfat) rdefYMum;csuf . . . . . . . . . . . .
(#) trsKd;om;aeYowfrSwfjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (9? 16? 22-34)

tcef; (3) udkvdkeDacwfv,fydkif;
e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1922 rS 1930) ausmif;om;vli,frsm; vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
(u) 1922-23 wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;tajctae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) vli,frsm;BuD;yGm;a&;toif;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mvli,ftzGJUcsKyfESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) EdkifiHjcm;jzpfpD;u&ufraomufa&;vIHYaqmfrIESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) EdkifiHjcm;jzpft0wftxnfqefYusifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 17 -
1
2
4
4
5
8
11
13
14
14
15
16
17
19
20
20
35
35
36
36
36
(p) e,fcsJUtpdk;&qefYusifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(q) wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;tp ausmif;om;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) cGyfa'gif;tp &Jwyfu? wyfrawmftp ausmif;om;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) 1925 ckESpf rEav;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;\ trsKd;om;a&;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (38)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
37
37
39
39
tcef; (4) udkvdkeDacwfv,fydkif;

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&; BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1930 rS 1931) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
41
(u) 1930 ckESpfESifh if;ESpfrwdkifrD ausmif;om;rsm;tajctae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
(c) wuo zGJUpnf;jzpf&eftajctae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
(*) &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;or* taqmuftODjzpfay:vmyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
(C) wuo pwifjzpfay:vmyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
(i) pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;tzGJU\ oabmxm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
(p) 1931 ck wuor*Zif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
(q) 1931 ck aemufydkif; o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
(Z) udkApdefESifh wuodkvfajrvIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
(ps) &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;or*vIyf&Sm;rIESifh wdkYArmoDcsif; . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
(n) &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;or*yxrqHk;Ou| udkxGef;pdef . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
(#) udkxGef;pdefESifh trsKd;om;pdwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48
(X) udkxGef;pdefESifh wuoaG;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
(!) 1931-32 wuoyxrOD;qHk;trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
wuojzpfajrmufa&; Ou| OD;ausmfcif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
yxrqH k ; wuoOu | OD ; xG e f ; pd e f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (42)
tcef; (5) udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;
e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1932 rS 1935) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
53
(u) 1932-33 wu o d k v f a jrvI y f & S m ;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
(c) ud k A pd e f E S i f h wu o d k v f a jrvI y f & S m ;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
- 1932-33 wuotrI a qmif t zJ G U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
(*) 1933-34 wuotrI a qmif t zG J U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
(C) 1934-35 wuotrIaqmiftzGJUESifh udkausmfNidrf;? udkEk? udkodef;az . . . . . . . . . .
55
(i) 1934-35 wuotrIaqmiftzJGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
(p) 1935 ausmif;om; (11)a,muf ausmif;xkwfcH&onfhudp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
1931-32 Ou | OD ; bd k ; ul ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
1932-33 Ou | OD ; pH a zmf a tmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
1933-34 Ou| OD;odrf;armif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
1934-35 Ou| OD;zdk;at; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
(u) udkodef;az? q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;ESifh wdkYArmtpnf;tHk; . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
(c) 1935-36 wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;tajctae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 18 -
(*) udkEk? udkatmifqef;? udkausmfNidrf;? ukdodef;az? udktkef;ESifh wuo (1935) . . . . . . . . . .

(C) 1935-36 wuotrIaqmiftzGJUESifh xdkig;OD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) udkatmifqef;\ ausmif;om;b0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) or* (wuo) r*Zif; ESpfapmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) udkatmifqef;? udkndKjrESifh tdk;a0r*Zif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) tdk;a0r*Zif;yg udkatmifqef;\ t,f'Dwmhtmabmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) 1936 tdk;a0r*Zif;yg udkatmifqef;\ ausmif;om;avmu oHk;oyfcsufaqmif;yg; . . . . . .
(n) q&mBuD;ocifu,
kd af wmfridI ;f \ wuov
kd o
f r*EiS hf a'gif;tk;d a0r*Zif;bGUJ tvuFmr*Fvm av;csK;d BuD;
(#) 1936 'kwd,wuodkvfausmif;om;oydwfjzpfyGm;apaom taMumif;&if;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . .
(1) udkEka[majymrI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(2) tdk;a0r*Zif;ESifh i&JacG;BuD;aqmif;yg; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(3) xdkav;a,mufaMumifh oydwfay:aygufyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4) tdk;a0r*Zif;yg i&JacG;BuD;vGwfaeNyDaqmif;yg; *,ufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(X) oydwfpwifjzpfay:vmjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- udkodef;az\ ewftdk;uGJpmwrf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(!) oydwfjrifuGif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
() oydwft&Sdefwufvmjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(P) awmif;qdkcsuf (10) csuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(w) 1936 ref;Oypmaumvdyf? udkA[def;ESifh ppfudkif;0kdif;pOfu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(x) oydwfwm;xGufMujcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(') oydwfarSmufaphpyfjcif;ESifh oydwfvSefjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(") 1936 oydwf\tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(e) trsKd;om;wuodkvfjzpfay:vmyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(y) trsKd;om;wuodkvfzGifhyGJ qmOD;oGifrdefYcGef;tESpfcsKyf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(z) 1936 yxrtBudrf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or* (Auo) nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . .
(A) e*g;eD pmtkyftoif;tp ausmif;om;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) AuotzGJU\ r[mAsL[mESifh enf;AsK[m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1935-36 Ou| OD;Ek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (82? 87? 91-97)
61
62
63
63
64
64
65
67
69
69
69
71
71
72
74
77
79
80
81
82
83
83
84
85
86
87
87
89

98
(u) &Srf;-ArmaoG;pnf;a&;tp wuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
(c) 1936-37 AuoESifh wuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
(*) twGif;pnf; (Inner Circle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
(C) or*rsm; (Auo? wuo) ESifh wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;qufoG,frI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
101
(i) 'kwd,tBudrf Auo nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
101
(i-1) udkA[def;rS udkpdefcdkodkYay;ydkYaompm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
102
(i-2) ukdatmifqef;rS ukdpdefckdodkYay;pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
103
(i-3) ukdatmifqef;rS ukdpdefckdxHay;pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
104
(i-4) ukdjrpdefokdY ukdatmifqef;rS ay;pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
104
(i-5) ukdjrpdefokdY ukdatmifqef;ay;pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
(i-6) ukdjrpdefokdY ukdatmifqef;rS ay;pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 19 -
(i-7) Auo nDvmcH usif;yjcif; jrifuGif; (arv (9)? (10) &uf 1937) . . . . . . . . . .
- udkA[def;rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) 'kwd,tBudrf Auo nDvmcH qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) 1937-38 wuoESifh AuotrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) 'kw,
d tBudrf ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;or* uGezf &ifrh S wwd,uGezf &ifrh wdik rf D tpD&ifcpH m
(Z-1) jrbl ; aumf r wD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z-2) rSwfwrf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z-3) 1937-38 Auo\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) wwd,tBudrf AuouGefz&ifhusif;y&ef jyifqifjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(n) Auo wwd,uGefz&ifhodkY zdwfMum;olrsm;pm&if; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(#) wwd,tBudrf AuonDvmcHusif;yjcif; jrifuGif; ({NyD 24-25 1938) . . . . . . . .
(X) 1938-39 AuoESifh wuotrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(!) ykodrfuGefz&ifhrS aEG&moDpcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(!-1) ZD;csKdifhc&D; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
() wwd,tBudrf ykodrfuGefz&ifhwGif Ou| udkatmifqef; ajymMum;aom tzGifhrdefYcGef; . . . . . .
(P) rsKd;GefYr*Zif;aqmif;yg;tcsKdU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(P-1) "rESifht"r (a&;ol-okyPu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(P-2) aoG;pnf;Muavmh (a&;ol- &J&Jawmufoef;wif- NrKdUrausmif; &efukef) . . . . . . .
(P-3) qif;&Jom;ypnf;rJhrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; (a&;ol- armifA[def;) . . . . . . . .
(w) Auo? wuo OuX udkatmifqef;\ ausmif;ydwf&ufvkyfief;wm0ef vufrSwfygrl . . .
(x) cGyfa'gif;tvHteDatmufcH? aT0ga&mifcGyfa'gif;oHk;pGJyHk (1938? twGJtrSwf 1) tkd;a0 . . . .
(') 1938 &efukefwuodkvftufOya' jyifqifcsuf (rlMurf;) udp . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(") wuodkvfOya'Murf;udk tb,faMumifh pGefYy,fvdkuf&oenf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
("-1) pufwifbm (5) &ufaeY owif;pmrsm;wGif Ou| ukdatmifqef;\ rsKd;cspftrwfwkdYtm;
wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfcsuf
("-2) AuoESifh wuo trIaqmifwkdY\ jyefwrf;rS aumufEkwfcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . .
("-3) 1938 ck? pufwifbmv? (6) &ufaeY wuodkvfor*"rmkHwGif usif;yaom ausmif;om;rsm;
tpnf;ta0;wGif Ou| udkatmifqef;ajymaom rdefYcGef;
("-4) Auo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; ukdA[def;\ xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . .
1936-37 Ou | OD ; &m&S p f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1937-38 Ou | OD ; b*srf ; (yk * H ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1938-39 Ou| AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (100? 129)
106
106
109
109
110
110
111
119
121
122
124
126
127
128
128
139
139
141
142
144
144
144
147
147
147
148
149
151
152
153

154
(u) &efukefwuokdvf ausmif;om;rsm;or* (wuo) zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf; . . . . . . . . . . .
170
(c) 1939-40 AuoESifh wuotrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
170
(*) yxrtBudrfausmif;om;vTwfawmftwGuf jyifqifjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
171
(C) yxrtBudrfausmif;om;vTwfawmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
172
- ud k A [d e f ; rd e f Y c G e f ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
176
(i) 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
179
(p) wwd,ausmif;om;oydwftwGuf jyifqifMujcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 20 -
(q) yxre,fcsJUtmPmzDqefrI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) wwd,ausmif;om;oydwfBuD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) wwd,ausmif;om;oydwf*,uf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(n) udkatmifausmfpmay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(#) udkatmifausmfpsmye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- AdkvfatmifausmfewfoH (rif;ok0Pf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(X) 'kdYausmif;om;oDcsif; ESpfyk'f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(!) ref;tmZmenf (17) OD; ta&;awmfyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
() ref;tmZmenf (17) OD; psmyetcrf;tem; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- armfuGef;0ifoDcsif;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- rEav;acgif;aqmif udkarmifudkrdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- AuoOu|rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(P) tmZmenfrsm;aeY t"d|mefjyKpmwrf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1938-39 Ou | OD ; A[d e f ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1939-40 Ou| a'gufwmvSaT (tmPm&Sif) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (178? 184? 186? 193? 199? 200? 212-221)
twGif;0efHk; jzpfyGg;cJhaom t"dukPf;ESihf ywfouf pHkprf;a&;aumfrwD tpD&ifcHpm (0-41)
181
183
187
191
192
194
195
196
203
203
205
206
207
210
211

264
(u) 1300 jynfh taxGaxGoydwfaemufydkif;umv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
265
(c) udkatmifausmfusqHk;NyD;aemuf ausmif;om;oydwf t&Sdefjrifhwufjcif;ESifh taxGaxGoydwf . . .
266
(*) 'kwd,tBudrf ausmif;om;vTwfawmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
266
(C) ausmif;om;rsm;tpmiwfcHqEjyjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
267
(i) qif h q d k j cif ; ES p f & yf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
268
(p) a'gufwmbarmfjyKwfusjcif;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;aphpyfjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
270
(q) ausmif;om;rsm; ESpftkyfpkuGJjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
271
(Z) wwd,tBudrf ausmif;om;vTwfawmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
272
(ps) 'kwd,urmppfrwdkifrD ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
273
(n) oHrPdwyfrsm;zGJUpnf;jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
273
(#) oHrPdtzGJUBuD; trdefYtrSwf (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
278
(X) oHrPdtzGJUBuD; trdefYtrSwf (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
283
(!) oHrPdtzGJUBuD; trdefYtrSwf (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
290
() oHrPdtzGJUBuD; trdefYtrSwf (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
291
(P) ajratmufvIyf&Sm;rIESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
292
(w) 'kwd,tBudrfausmif;om;rsm;uGefz&ifhaMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
292
(x) udkA[def;ESifh ta&;awmfyHkpmapmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
293
(') AuoESpf0uftpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
296
(") wuodkvftufOya' tqifhqifhjyifqifjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
299
1940-41 Ou| OD;AaqG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
300
1941-42 Ou| OD;vSarmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (268? 293)

- 21 -
33 YEARS
MY BIRTHDAY
REMEMBERING
ordik ;f onf
vufawGY tawGt
Y MuKH
jzpfonf/
pma&;ol\ trSm
'kwd,wJG
uRefawmf 'kwd,wGJ (1945-62) ckESpftxd a&;om;&mwGif vrf;aMumif;wckay:wGifom
a&G;cs,fa&;om;cJUygonf/ xdkacwfu&SdcJUaom tpdk;&rsm; (zqyv) (tdrfapmifUtpdk;&) (yxptpdk;&) wdkhESifU
twdu
k t
f cHtzJt
YG pnf;rsm; (ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw)D (tvHeu
D eG jf rLepfygw)D (yrnw) ponfwEhkd iS hf ausmif;om;
rsm; qufpyfrrlS sm;udk ra&;om;rdap&ef txl;owdxm;cJo
U nf/ zqyvtpd;k & rSm;onf? rSeo
f nf/ tdraf pmift
h pd;k &
rSm;onf? rSeo
f nf/ yxptpd;k & rSm;onf? rSeo
f nf/ ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD rSm;onf? rSeo
f nf/ qd&k ,
S v
f pfygwD
rSm;onf? rSefonf ponfwdkhudka&;om;xm;onf r[kwfyg/ qdk&S,fvpf0g'? uGefjrLepf0g'? t&if;&Sif0g'
aumif;onf? qdk;onfwdkhudkvnf; a0zefa&;om;xm;onf r[kwfyg/
xdktcsdefumvu jzpfay:aeaom ausmif;om;trsm;pk\ qEESifUwxyfwnf;? teD;pyfqHk;jzpfonfU
ausmif;om;vSKyf&Sm;rIudkom &SmazGBudK;yrf;a&;om; xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ausmif;om;qdkonfrSm rnfonfUacwf
tcsdefwGif&Sd&Sd? rnfonfUacwf tcsdefwGifMunfUMunfU dk;om;pGm trSeftwdkif; jrifrIrsm;udkom azmfxkwfzGifU[
vIy&f mS ;rI jyKvyk Mf uygonf/ xdt
k csed u
f tpd;k &ESiUf oabmxm;wdu
k q
f ikd o
f nfvnf; &Srd nf? rwdu
k q
f ikd o
f nfvnf;
&Srd nf/ ausmif;om;wd\
hk tcGit
Uf a&;udk umuG,&f m if;tpd;k &ESiUf oabmxm;rwdu
k q
f ikd &f mwGif if;ausmif;om;
vIy&f mS ;rIrsm; jzpfay:vmonf/ jynfov
l x
l \
k toHrsm; om;orD;rsm;jzpfaom ausmif;om;rsm;tay: yJw
U ifu
kd cf wf
vmaomtcg ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIrsm; ydrk jkd yif;xefvmrnfom jzpfonf/ xdahk MumifU uReaf wmfonf xdv
k rf;aMumif;
rsKd;udkom a&G;cs,fa&;om;xm;ygonf/
xkdpmtkyfjzifU 'Drdkua&pDESifUvltcGifha&; wdkufyGJtqifUqifUwGif usqHk;oGm;olrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;?
yg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJUolrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkBuD;twGif; (3) ESpft&G,f cav;i,frStp
touf (100) ausmf tzdk;tzGm;rsm;tqHk; if;wdkhyg0ifvIyf&Sm;rIudkvnf;aumif;? &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkBuD;
tm;vnf;aumif;? uReaf wmfet
hJ wl axmiftwGi;f opm&Spd mG aexdik cf NUJ y;D axmifwiG ;f wdu
k yf rJG sm;tm; opm&Spd mG
yg0ifcJUolrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? 1988 rS 1990 txd uRefawmfyg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJUaom &efukefpufrIwuodkvf
ausmif;om;rsm;or*? ausmufwHwm;NrdKYe,fausmif;om;or*? 'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;vli,frsm;tiftm;pk
(&efuek w
f ikd ;f )? ArmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGcYJ sKyf (atmufArmjynf)? ArmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;
or*rsm;tzGJYcsKyf (ArmEdkifiH)? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDawmfvSefa&;wyfaygif;pk (NDRF) wdkhtm; *kPfjyKOD;Twf
vdkufygonf/
uReaf wmftm; i,fpOfuyifavUvm&ef Edik if aH &;pmayESiUf rSww
f rf;rSw&f mrsm; ay;cJaU om bBu;D t&if;
ocifa<u (0g;c,fr) tm;vnf;aumif;? rSww
f rf;rSw&f mrsm; uln&D mS azGay;cJaU om tbOD;tke;f jrifU (ociftek ;f jrif?U
wd;k wufa&;) tm;vnf;aumif;? rSww
f rf;rSw&f mrsm; uln&D mS azGay;cJaU om q&mOD;aomfaumif; (&efuek w
f uov
kd f
pmMunfUwdkuf) tm;vnf;aumif;? OD;pdk;odef; (wuoOu|a[mif;) \ vufESdyfpufdkuf udk,fa&;rSwfwrf;
tm;vnf;aumif;? OD;ombef;\ rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm; tm;vnf;aumif;? tultnDay;cJUaom udkcGefqdkif;
tm;vnf;aumif;? rdwL ul;pufqikd &f pdS Ofwek ;f u rSww
f rf;tcsKYd ul;,lciG jUf yKcaUJ om udak t;Edik t
f m;vnf;aumif;?
pmrlMurf;twGuf vufa&;jzifU ulnDcJUaom rcifrdk;at;tm;vnf;aumif;? tultnDay;cJUaom rpkpk0if;ESifU
r&D&DxGef;wdkhtm;vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;wifvsuf/
atmifxGef;
(2? 11? 96)
- 23 -
DEDICATION TO
MY FATHER
AND MOTHER WHO HAVE
HELPED ME BECAUSE
EVERYTHING I CAN BE,
I CAN DO. THANKS.
rmwdum
'kw,
d wGJ (1945 - 1962)
tcef; (10) vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI
'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1945 rS 1947) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
(u) 1945 Mo*kwfvrS atmufwkdbmv ta&;ay:wuokdvf oifwef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- ,m,D wuotrIaqmifaumfrwD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(u-1) 1945-46 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) 1946-47 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c-1) wuo 1946-47 \ vkyfaqmifrIrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c-2) wuo pnf;rsOf;jyifqifjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c-3) 1946-47ckESpf ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) AuoESifh wuo yl;aygif;xm;aom ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&moydwfaumifpD (1947) . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) ta&G;cH&aom Auo trIaqmiftzGJU ( 1946-47) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C-1) Auo nDvmcH (1946-47) rS awmif;qdkcsufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) oxkHrD;yGm; eH&Huyfpmapmif (1946-47) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) oxkHrD;yGm; qkwfjzJcH&jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) oHrPdwyfESifh ausmif;om;wyfOD; (1947) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) twGif;0efkH;0kdif;pOfu (1947) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) AuoESifh ausmif;om;wyfOD; nDvmcH (1947) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(n) trsKd;orD;XmetwGuf TefMum;vTm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1945-46 Ou| OD;oef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1946-47 Ou| OD;oef;armif (ol&d,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (313)
tcef; (11) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI
'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif (1948 rS 1949)
(u) 1947-48 AuotrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) 1947-48 ynmoifESpf a[majymyGJrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) 1948-49 Auo tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) 1947-48 wuotrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C-1) 1947-48 wuotrIaqmiftzGJU vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C-2) 1947-48 tdk;a0r*Zif;yg uAsm? aqmif;yg;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- acwfqef; (ndK0if;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- &JabmfcsD;usL;ygonf (0if;OD;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- urmhausmif;om;tzJGUtpnf;rsm; (armifarmifausmf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- cGyfa'gif; (rif;ndKOD;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) 1948-49 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) 1948-49 &uo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) &efukeftpkd;&acwf wuokdvftajcaeESifh vlrsKd;a&;jyem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) 1948 taqmiftajctae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) 1948 ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1947-48 Ou| OD;pdefvS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 25 -
302
302
302
303
303
304
304
305
306
306
307
308
309
309
309
310
311
312
314
314
315
315
315
316
316
316
317
319
320
320
320
321
322
324
1948-49 Ou| OD;&efa0; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
325

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1949 rS 1950)
(u) &efukefckdifausmif;om;rsm; pnf;kH;a&; jyem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) &uo pnf;kH;a&;aumfrwD (1949) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) axmiftwGif;rS 0ufom;ykyfta&;tcif;ESifh tjyifrSausmif;om;rsm;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) 1949 ckESpf &uoukd w&m;0ifzGJUpnf;jcif;ESihf trsKd;om;aeYusif;yjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) 1949-50 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) ausmif;om;aeYusif;yjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) Aef;armfausmif;om; ajcmufOD;udp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) urmhjidrf;csrf;a&; qEjyvufrSwfaumufcHjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) wuokdvfnaeoifwef; zGifhvSpfcJhjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(n) 1949 ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(#) 1949 tkd;a0r*Zif;yg uAsm? aqmif;yg; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- cGyfa'gif; (a0vif;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- or* (udkudkav;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(X) 1945 rS 1949 xd Auo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1949-50 Ou| a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
326
326
327
327
328
328
329
329
329
329
330
330
330
331
332

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&;ESifh trsKdom;a&;toGif (1950 rS 1951) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
(u) pifjydKif &uorsm; zGJUpnf;&ef MudK;yrf;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) &uo jyefvnfzGJUpnf;jcif; (1950-51) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c-1) 1950 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c-2) 1950-51 wuo trIaqmiftzJGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) vufoD;xkd;? oHwkwfkdufESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) wuotrIaqmifwpfzGJUvkH; jyKwfusjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) wuo aG;aumufyGJ topfjyKvkyfjcif; (1950) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) Auo jyefvnfzGJUpnf;a&; pnf;kH;a&;aumfrwD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) ukdk&D;,m;ppfyGJESifh wuokdvfausmif;om;tiftm;pktay: *,ufkdufrI wk;d wuftiftm;pkay:vmjcif;
- Stop! Ye Koreans, Yet There Is Hope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) wuo tvkyftpnf;ta0;? oefY&Sif;trIaqmifrsm;ESifh wkd;wuftiftm;pk . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) 1950-51 wuo tpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1950-51 Ou| OD;udkudkav; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
333
334
334
334
335
337
337
338
338
339
340
341
346

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsdK;om;a&;toGif (1951 rS 1952) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
(u) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf ay:aygufvmjcif; (1951-52) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
347
(c) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh AuotzJGUtrIaqmifrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
348
(c-1) wdk;wufwdkY\ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf (A.B.F.S.U) trIaqmifrsm;rSm . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
348
- 26 -
(c-2) 1951-52 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c-3) oefYSif; AuotrIaqmiftzGJUrsm; (A.B.S.U) 1951-52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf vkyfaqmifcsufrSm;,Gif;rIrsm; ( 1951-52 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) 1952 tkd;a0r*Zif;yg q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;\ uAsm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) 1951-52 wuo tpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcH ( 1952-53 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU (aysmuf)
(ps) wuowGif wkd;wufwkdY taG;cH&jcif; ( 1952-53 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(n) 1952-53 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(#) 1952 tkd;a0r*Zif;yg uAsm? aqmif;yg; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHk (ukdb[def;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- urmYausmif;om;tzJGUcsKyf (udkvS0if;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- ppfudkrkef;onf (rif;vSGefYMuL;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1951-52 Ou| OD;pdefbef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (349? 351? 357)

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1952 rS 1953)
(u) 'Dtufpftkd arG;zGm;jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) 1952-53 ynmoifESpf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) 1952 ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;wkdufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) 1952 Zlvkdifv ausmif;aqmifvufcHa&;wkdufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) 1953-54 wuoa&G;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) aG;aumufyGJaeYjrifuGif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) ref;wuodkvfausmif;om;or*tajctaeESihf zqyv qkd&S,fvpfwkdY\ tMuH,kwf . . . . . . . .
(Z) yJhwifkdufcwfoHrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(1) o[m,ESifU pmzwftoif;aygif;pHk\ arwm&yfcHcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(2) ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;yGJjzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD xkwfjyefaMunmcsuftrSwf (1) . . . . . .
(3) w&m;rQwaom aG;aumufyGJ jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf ndEIdif;MupdkY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4) &efukefwuodkvf wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk aMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) 1953 atmufwkdbmta&;tcif; jzpfay:ykH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(n) 1953 atmufwkdbmta&;awmfyHk jzpfyGm;jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(#) ausmif;xJodkY0ifpD;jcif;ESihf t&Sdefjrifhwufjcif; vlzrf;yGJrsm;usif;yjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(#-1) atmufwkdbmv (2) &ufaeY &efukefwuokdvfe,fajr xkwfjyefcJhaomyk'fr ( 144 ) . . .
(#-2) tif;0wHcg;rS aoG;pufrsm;odkY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(X) Ekd0ifbmausmif;zGifhcsdef ausmif;xkwfyGJESifh wkdufyGJt&SdefjrifhykH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(!) rEav;wuodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;wdkufyJG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
() atmufwkdbmom;orD;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(P) trskKd;om;aeY usif;yjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(w) w&m;kH;wGif &ifqkdifa&;udp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(x) 1952-53 wuo ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 27 -
348
348
349
350
350
352
357
358
358
358
359
359
363
366
370
371
371
372
373
373
374
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
387
396
397
398
403
407
409
410
410
410
1952-53 Ou| OD;udkudkBuD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"gwfyHku@ (392? 393? 394? 396? 399? 400? 401? 402? 403? 405-406? 408? 416? 419-425)
419

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDGwfa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1954 rS 1955) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
(u) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
426
427
(c) 1954-55 Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
428
(*) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHwGif wifoGif;aom tpD&ifcHpmrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
433
(C) ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyef0ifa&;aumfrwDrS &efukefwuokdvfaumifpDokdY
ay;ykdYaompm
(i) &efukefwuokdvf ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
435
"gwfyHku@ - wwd,tBudrf Auorsm;tzJGUcsKyf nDvmcHBuD; - (439-442)
"gwfyHku@ - ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD;wGif yg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJholrsm; - (443-446)

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1954 rS 1955)
(u) 1954-55 wuoaG;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) 1954-55 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) wuo aiG&wkobif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) pwkwtMudrf ausmif;q&mrsm;toif; (&efukef) ESpfywfvnfnDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) urmYausmif;om;or*aeY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) oHk;cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfjyem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) &efukefwuodkvf ausmif;om;ppftiftm;pk (S.O.F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) [,f&Dwefta&;awmfykHESihf uefYuGufyGJrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z-1) or* (3) ck yl;wGJaMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z-2) Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf TefMum;vTm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z-3) EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfxHay;pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z-4) ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD aMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z-5) ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD aMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z-6) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&? jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme trIwGJtrSwf (156-[p) (56)
aumufEkwfcsuf
(Z-7) t"d|mefpmwrf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) wuo\ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; awmif;qkdcsufrsm;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(n) 34 Mudrfajrmuf trsKd;om;aeYtwGuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf\tqkdrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(#) 35 Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYtqkdrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(X) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf pwkwtMudrfnDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(!) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; ukdaZmf0if; (Auorsm;tzGGJUcsKyf) wifoGif;aom tpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . .
() &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;or* trIaqmiftzGJU\ tpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1954-55 Ou| OD;wifxGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 28 -
447
447
448
448
448
448
453
454
455
455
456
457
457
459
460
461
467
468
471
471
474
481

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&;ESifh jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1955 rS 1956)
(u) ausmif;jyefvnf0ifcGifh&a&;vIyfSm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) wuoa&G;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) 1955-56 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) wuo OuXopf udkwifxGef; usrf;opmusdefqkdyGJ (1955-56) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) urmYausmif;om;aeY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) 1955-56 ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) ukdvS0if;ESifh ukdbaumif;aMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) yxrtMudrf wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkH awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) 'kwd,tMudrf wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkH awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; yefMum;vTm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- wuodkvfESifUaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJtqdkrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(n) ukdwifat;udp uefYuGufvTm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(#) 1955-56 wuo tpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1954-55 Ou| OD;wifxGef; (ewfarmuf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (505)
'Drdkua&pDa&;? ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsdK;om;a&;toGif (1956 rS 1957)
(u) wwd,tMudrf wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkHaqG;aEG;yGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) 1956-57 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) rjyD;jywfao;aom oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfwkdufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) ausmif;om;or*rsm; zsufodrf;a&;ESifh ywfoufaom ynma&;0efMuD;Xme\ trdefYjyefwrf; . . .
(i) 1956 ck? atmufwkdbm 16 &uf? n 8 em&D ocifwif\ rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) ausmif;omrsm;0efcH*wdvTmyHkpH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; ausmif;om;b0a&;cJhaomaqmif;yg; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) 1956-57 tkd;a0r*Zif;yg uAsmrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) wuo tvkyftpnf;ta0; awGU&Sd&aom jyemrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(n) &JacgifudkarG;zGm;jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(#) 1956-57 wuo 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(X) wuu Ou|opf podef;[ef usrf;opmusdefqdkyJGtcrf;tem;rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(!) wuo aMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
() 1956-57 wuotpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1956-57 Ou| OD;podef;[ef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (507? 530-531)
482
482
482
483
484
485
486
489
490
490
491
496
497
504
506
506
507
507
508
510
510
512
514
516
516
519
521
524
531

'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1957 rS 1958) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
532
(u) 1957-58 wuoa&G;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
533
(c) wuo trIaqmiftzGJU (1957-58) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 29 -
(*) wuo ukdpkd;odef; usrf;opmudsefqkdyGJtcrf;tem; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(C) 1957-58 wuo vIyfSm;rIESifh pwkwtBudrf wuokdvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkHaqG;aEG;yGJMuD; . . .
(i) rEav;wuokdvfausmif;om;rsm;or* vIyfSm;rIrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJUcsKyf yrtBudrfajrmuf jynfvHk;uRwfnDvmcHBuD;rS
qHk;jzwftwnfjyK awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
(q) 1958 OD;EkESifh ausmif;om;qufqHa&; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) Ek-wifâqGNidrf;tuJGtjyJESifh or*rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ps) 1958 ck? 'DZifbmv (2) &ufaeY bGJUESif;obifcef;r rdefYMum;aom wuodkvft"dywd EdkifiHawmf
0efMuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfae0if;\ rdefYcGef;tESpfcsKyf
(n) 1957-58 tkd;a0r*Zif;yg aqmif;yg; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- wuodkvfe,fajrrS ajcukwfpcef; (armifoD[) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(#) ausmif;om;rsm;OD;pD;usif;yonfh 38 Mudrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyJGaeY csDwuf&efEId;aqmfpm . . .
(X) oD;jcm;rEav;wuokdvf txdrf;trSwfyGJawmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(!) 1957-58 wuotpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
() pmMunfhwdkufvkyfief;XmetpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1957-58 Ou| OD;pdk;odef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (532? 547? 564-568)
533
534
542
543
546
546
548
548
548
550
551
552
562
564

'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1958 rS 1959) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
569
(u) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . .
570
- 'k-0efBuD;csKyfocifwifo0PfvTm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
571
- ynma&;0efBuD; OD;ausmfZH\rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
573
- ynmrif;BuD; pnfola'gufwmOD;b\rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
574
- A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD obmywd wuoOu| udkpdk;odef;\rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
576
- ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif wifjycJhaompmwrf;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
577
- ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf wuo\wifjycsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
581
- ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG ay:aygufvmyHEk iS t
hf ajccHoabmxm; taxGaxGtpD&ifcpH m
582
- A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
585
- ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhpmwrf; (aumfrSif) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
588
- jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrS xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf
591
(c) EdkifiHjcm;c&D;pOfrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
592
(*) 1958-59 ck wuoa&G;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
592
(C) yrtBudrfajrmuf wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
594
(i) cGJxGufcGifhESifh Srf;ausmif;om;rsm;aMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
597
(p) wuodkvftufOya'udkjyifqifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
598
OD;cifarmiftkef; (1958-59) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (569? 582? 591? 599-601)

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifh jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif
(1959 rS 1960) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
(u) 1959-60 wuoaG;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- 30 -
602
(c) tdk;a0r*Zif;rS ay;tyfaom0efcHcsufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(*) rGefjynfe,fazmfxkwfa&;twGuf &efukefwuodkvfrGefausmif;om;rsm; oabmxm; . . . . . . . . .
(C) jrefrm&mZ0ifta&; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) wuo? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYOD;pD;usif;yaom ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;tqdkrsm; . .
(p) q|rtBudrfajrmuf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . .
- q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;\ o0PfvTm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- obmywd udkaZmf0if;rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* 1959-60 trIaqmiftzGJUtpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . .
OD;vSwif (1959-60) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (630)
"gwfyHku@ - AdkvfcsKyfBuD;tpdk;&acwf wuo (17) vc&D; (631-641)

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&;ESifh jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1960 rS 1961)
(u) 1960-61 &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;or*trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* (1960-61) Ou|opf usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJ . . . . . . . . .
(*) 1960-61 ck ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*-1) aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJudp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*-2) tar&duefoHHk;qEjyyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*-3) ygarmucsKyftm; qefYusifrI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*-4) ref;aq;ausmif;om;rsm;vIyfSm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*-5) [oFmwausmif;om;rsm;vIyfSm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*-6) ref;ausmif;om;rsm;vIyfSm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*-7) wef;cGJwef;cs&yfqdkif;ypfa&; ausmif;om;xkqEjyyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*-8) udkvdkeDpHepfqefYusifa&;aeYvIyfSm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) &efukefwuodkvf vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf (1960-61) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- jyifqifa&;aumfrwD Ou| apmatrdk;vdk rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIwGifyg0ifcJhaom vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) 1960-61 &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OD;wifat; (1960-61) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (666)
'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifh ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1961 rS 1962)
(u) &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;or* trIaqmiftzGJU (1961-62). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) uarmufurynma&;wdkufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c-1) jzpfay:vmyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c-2) vIyfSm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c-3) yxptpdk;&wkefYjyefrI? ausmif;om;wefjyefvIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c-4) yHkpHajymif;vJjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c-5) uarmufurynma&; wdkufyGJumvwGifusif;yaom Auorsm;tzJGUcsKyfuGefz&ifh . . . . . .
- 31 -
603
604
605
605
606
606
606
611
629
642
642
645
645
645
645
647
647
648
648
648
648
649
651
652
666
667
667
667
668
668
670
671
(c-6) ig;cdkifqEjyyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) wuodkvftwGif;rS *,ufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) rEav;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) wyfOD;wdkY rlrrSefrIrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OD;AaqGav; (1961-62) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (671? 673)

'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifh ppftmPm&Sifqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1962) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;
(u) Zlvdkifv (7) &uf ta&;awmfyHkBuD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) jzpfay:vmyHk tajccHtaMumif;t&if;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(*) rjzpfyGm;rD ausmif;om;rsm;rauseyfrIrsm; (arv 9 &uf xkwfjyefcsuf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(C) wuodkvfaumifpDukd zsufodrf;jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- zsufodrf;cH wuodkvfaumifpDtzJGU 1961-62 ynmoifESpf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- wuodkvfaumifpDudk jyefvnfzJGUpnf;jcif; trdefYtrSwf (30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) Zlvdkifv (7) &uf ta&;awmfyHkpwifjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p) tMurf;zdESdyfrIpwifNyD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(q) aoqHk;ol? 'Pf&m&ol? aysmufqHk;ol? zrf;qD;cH&olrsm;pm&if; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Z) wuotaqmiftODBuD; NzdKcGJjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- a'gif;&moDjynfawmfvSefa&; (atmifxGef;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* Ou|rsm; (1930-1962) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"gwfyHku@ (683? 685? 686? 689-690? 690? 696)

aemufqufwJG
aemufqufwJG
aemufqufwJG
aemufqufwJG
aemufqufwJG
aemufqufwJG
aemufqufwGJ
(24)
(26)
(28)
(30)
(30)
(31)
All Burma Student's Conference (1936)
ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*\ tkyfcsKyfa&; - pnf;rsOf;Oya'

INTERNATIONALUNION OF STUDENTS
tqifhtrsKd;rsKd;Sdaom AuotzGJUrsm;\ Ou|pm&if; (1945-1958)

Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpnf;rsOf;Oya' (1960? atmufwdkbm)
t"dywdrsm;? tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&Sdrsm;? armfuGef;xdef;rsm; (1920-62)
ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or* ('Dtufpftdk)
zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkpnf;rsOf;Oya'
ordkif;0ifpmGufpmwrf;rsm; - ( 1 - 107 )
rSDjirf;pmtkyfrsm; - ( u - i )
- 32 -
672
674
674
675
676
677
677
679
680
680
681
682
684
686
688
691
697
(1)
(2-13)
(14)
(15)
(16-27)
(27-28)
(29-43)
yxrwGJ
(1903 - 1942)
jzwfoef;rIrsm;ay:wGif
pdwf&SnfpGmjzifU
tbufbufu
tm;ay;ulncD aUJ om
]rr (EG,)f } tm;
txl;aus;Zl;wifrIjzifU
udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1903 rS 1906 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif
tcef; (1)
udv
k ekd aD cwfO;D ydik ;f
e,fcsUJ qefu
Y siaf &; trsK;d om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f
(1903 rS 1906)
usaemfwYkd ausmif;om;vIyf mS ;rIordik ;f udk e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? trsdK;om;a&;wdu
k yf w
JG cktjzpf avhvmMunfrh nfqv
kd QifNAdwo
d Qe,fcsJUonf 1885? Ek0d ifbmv (29) &ufaeY Armbk&ifoaD ygrif;udk zrf;qD; rEav;aejynfawmfukd
odr;f ydu
k cf NhJ yD;aemuf? 1886 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (1) &ufaeYwiG f ArmEkid if u
H kd NAdwo
d Qtifyg,mtwGi;f vufatmufow
G o
f iG ;f
udv
k ekd t
D jzpf owfrw
S t
f yk cf sKyfonfh tcsed rf pS wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd f tiftm;pkrsm;onf rdrw
d Ykd xrf;aqmifEikd o
f nfh
twdkif;twmjzifh qefYusifwdkufyGJ0ifcJhMuonf/ xdkodkY qefYusifrIaMumifh NAdwdoQwdkYonf (15) ESpfausmf ArmEkdifiH
tkyfcsKyfa&;udk aumif;rGefEkdifeif;pGm rtkyfcsKyfEkdifcJhay/ xdkodkYqefYusifrIrsm;? ckcHrIrsm;? rauseyfrIrsm;? olYuRefrcHvdkaom
ZmwdaoG;? Zmwdrmef wuf<urIrsm;udk NAdwdoQwdkY awGUMuHKae&pOf umvtwGif; 1903 ckESpfwGif atmufArmjynf
&efuek Nf rdKU Scd ;kd jyem pwifjzpfay:cJo
h nf/ if;vIyf mS ;rIrmS ArmEkid if aH usmif;om;ordik ;f \ yxrOD;qH;k aom vIyf mS ;rI
wckjzpfNyD; ausmif;om;? rdb? q&mwdkYu yl;aygif; NAdwdoQe,fcsJUtm; ckcHqefYusifcJhaom vIyfSm;rIBuD; jzpfonf/
(u) 1903 ckEpS f &Scd ;kd jyemESihf ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rI

1903 ckESpfwGif e,fcsJUwdkYonf ArmEdkifiHudk odrf;ydkufNyD;onfhaemuf Armrsm;tm; ESdrfhcsxm;&ef? ArmvlrsKd;
rsm;tm; woufvHk; bk&m;xl;? uRefcHtjzpfodkY csxm;&ef? pDpOfrIrsm; wckNyD;wck wDxGif zefwD;cJhavonf/ xdkodkY
zefwD;&mwGif atmifjrifrISd? rSd odSd&avatmif &efukef [kdufpul;ausmif;om;rsm;tm; yxrOD;pGm pwif prf;oyfcJh
onf/ xdkpOfu ynm0efrSm Arm&mZ0ifa&;om;ol t*FvdyfvlrsKd; rpwmaumhqdkol jzpfonf/
if;u ausmif;om;rsm;tm; q&mrsm;ESifh ynma&;XmerS t&mSdrsm;tm; Sdcdk; tdktaojyK&ef trdefYxkwf
jyefcJhonf/ xdktrdefYudk ausmif;om;rsm; vkdufem&ef &efukef[kdufpul; aMumfjimoifykef;wGif uyfxm;cJhonf/ xkdtrdefY
rxGufcif ausmif;om;ESifh q&mqufqHa&;rSm ausmif;om;rsm;onf q&mrsm;udk acgif;iHkY tdktaojyKcJh&onf om
Sdayonf/ rpwmaumh Sdcdk;trdefY xGufvmaomtcg &efukef tpdk;&[kdufpul; ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh &efukefaumvdyf
ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; rausreyfjzpfcJh&onf/
xdktcg aumvdyfausmif;om;BuD;rsm;u if;wkdYESifh cifrif&if;ESD; ausmif;om;pdwf rukefao;aom aSUae
ylylaEG;aEG; OD;yk (az? yk? Sdef) tm; if;udpu
dk oGm;a&muf aqG;aEG;Muonf/ xdktcg OD;yku ]]tck [kdufpul;ausmif;om;
1
jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;
awG rsufESmjzKtpdk;&eJY t&mSdawGudk Sdcdk;&r,fwJhvm;? olwdkYu bmawGrdkYvJ? 'dkYvlrsKd;udk wrifzdESdyfcsKyfcs,fxm;wJh
e,fcsJUawGbJ? 'gudk 'dkYu bmjzpfvdkY Sdcdk;&rSmvJ/}}
(pum;csyf/
/ xdkacwfu q&mrsm;? ynma&;XmerS t&mSdrsm; tm;vHk;onf t*FvdyfvlrsKd;rsm;ESifh tdEd,vlrsKd;
rsm;rSm tm;vHk;eD;yg; jzpfMuonf/)
]][dk;wkef;u q&mawGudk wynfhausmif;om;awGu Sdcdk;Muw,f/ bmjzpfvdkY Sdcdk;&ovJqkdawmh q&mawGu
tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u wynfhawGudk ynmvnf;oifay;&w,f? aemufqHk; orD;yg ay;Muw,fuG? 'Dawmh [kdwkef;u q&m
awGu wu,fh aus;Zl;SifawG? tckacwfu wynfhausmif;om;awGqDu aiGnpf,lMuw,f/ aiG&rS ynmoifay;Mu
w,f? tck q&mu ausmif;om;awG&JU taptyg;yJ? 'gaMumifh rSdcdk;xdkufbl;uG}}
aSUaeav; OD;yk\ ajymcsufudk aumvdyfausmif;om;BuD;rsm;u [kdufpul;ausmif;om;rsm;tm; jyefajymjy
Scd ;kd trdeUf udk uefYuu
G Mf u&ef vIUH aqmfay;onf/ xdt
k cge*du
k rausreyfjzpfaeaom ausmif;om;rsm;onf wd&pmefO,smOf
(,cifu wd&pmefO,smOfrSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;? ,ck &efukefaq;HkBuD;ae&mwGif jzpfonf) wGif pka0; aqG;aEG;
Muonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;rS]]&efukef[dkufpul;ausmif;om;rsm;onf ynm0ef rpwmaumh\ trdefYtwdkif; q&mrsm;ESihf ynma&;t&mSd
rsm;tm; Sdrcdk;bJae&ef? oufqdkif&m ynma&;t&mSd wOD;OD; vma&mufcJhvQif Sdckd;enf; (3) enf;Sdonfh teuf
rnfonfhenf;jzifh Sdckd;&rnfudk ar;&ef}} qHk;jzwfvdkufMuonf/
aemuf&ufwGif ynm0efaxmufrif; OD;a0vif;onf &efukef[kdufpul;ausmif;odkY a&mufvmcJhaomtcg
ausmif;om;rsm;u atmufygtwdkif; ar;cJhonf/
]]usaemfwdkY ausmif;om;rsm;u q&mrsm;udk Sdckd;&r,fvdkY trdefYxkwfcJhw,f? 'DvdkSdckd;jcif; ae&mrSm Sdckd;jcif;
trsKd;rsKd;Sdw,f? vufESpfzufudk,Suf ezl;eJYxdNyD; Sdckd;jcif;? vufESpfzuf,Suf &ifbwfaSUrSmxm; Sdcdk;jcif;? vufESpf
zuf,Suf &ifbwfab;apmif; em;rSmxm; Sdcdk;jcif;&,fvkdY (3) rsKd;Sdw,f? b,fenf;eJY Sdcdk;&rSmygvJ}}
xdktcg ynm0efaxmufrif; OD;a0vif;u atmufygtwdkif;jyefajymcJhonf/
]]rif;wdkY ajymwJh Sdcdk;jcif; (3) rsKd; teuf vufESpfzufudk,Suf ezl;eJYxdNyD; OD;cs Sdcdk;enf;eJY Sdcdk;&r,f}}
,if;udpE iS hf ywfouf ausmif;om;rsm;? rdbrsm;ESihf ausmif;tkyq
f &mBuD;jzpfol ArmvlrsKd;rsm; tay: cifrif
&if;ES;D oHa,mZOfw,
G af eaom t*Fvyd t
f rsK;d om; rpwma0;vf&pfyif rausreyfjzpf ynm0ef rpwmaumhxH uefYuw
G f
cJah vonf/ xdYk aemuf ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf rdbrsm;wdYk onf 0dw&kd ,
d a[mvf (ac:) avQmfwef;Hk (,ck*vkyf )kH ae&mwGif
tpnf;ta0;usif;yNyD; ynm0ef rpwmaumh tqdkudk uefYuGufaMumif; wcJeuf qHk;jzwfcsufcsMuonf/
qHk;jzwfcsufrSm ]ynm0ef rpwmaumUonf PfopfxGifum taumuf PfaESm ausmif;om;rsm;ESifU rdbrsm; oabmrusatmif
ausmif;om;u q&mESifU t&mSdrsm;udk Sdckd;&ef trdefhxkwfjcif;onf roifUavsmf? xdkhaMumifU tpnf;ta0;BuD;rS
tjypfqdk uefhuGwfaMumif;}
odkY ausmif;om;rsm;? ausmif;om;rdbrsm; pkaygif;uefYuGwfjcif;aMumifh if; ynm0ef rpwmaumhonf
xdktrdefYudk twnfrjyKbJ zsufodrf;cJh&onf/
(c) 0dik t
f rfbaD t (Y.M.B.A) tp ausmif;om;u
jrefrmhordik ;f ESihf NAdwo
d Qe,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? vGwv
f yfa&;BudK;yrf;rlordik ;f wdYk wiG f yxrOD;qH;k ay:aygufco
hJ nfh
toif;BuD;jzpfaom 0kid t
f rfbaD t (Y.M.B.A= Young Mens Buddhist Association) toif;BuD;udk pwif xlaxmif
cJholrsm;rSmvJ &efukefaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm; jzpfonf/
&efukefaumvdyf ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;jzpfaom armifbab? armifarmifBuD;? armifvSaz? armifpdefvSatmif?
armifb,Of? armifb'Gef;paom ausmif;om;vli,frsm;onf jrefrmou&mZf 1265 ck? yxr0gqdkvqef; (15) &uf?
t*Fvdyfou&mZf 1904 ckESpf? ZGefv (26) &uf we*FaEGaeY &efukefwuodkvf Ak'bmomtoif; (Rangoon
College Buddhist Association) udk pwifwnfaxmifcJhonf/
xdkYaemuf &efukefNrdKU 'gv[kdZDvrf; (,ck r[mAEKvvrf;) vrf;avQmuf&if;ESifh if;\ ausmif;om;
oli,fcsif;rsm;jzpfaom armifarmifBuD;? armifvSazwdkYtm; armifbabu EkdifiHa&;tjrifjzifh xlaxmifaom Y.M.C.A
uJhodkY toif;BuD;rsKd; wnfaqmuf&ef Y.M.C.A taqmuftODBuD;tm; TefjyaqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/
2

xdkYaemuf armifbab? armifarmifBuD;? armifb,Of? armifb'Gef;wkdYuyif jrefrmou&mZff 1267 ckESpf?
wydkYwGJvqkwf (4) &uf? t*Fvdyfou&mZf 1906 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv (11) &uf? we*FaEGaeY &efukefNrdKU Ak'bmom
uvsmP,k0toif;udk pwif wnfaxmifcJhMu avonf/
onfum; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;toGifudk azmfaqmifrnfh ausmif;om;rsm; pwifwnfaxmif
cJhaom Y.M.B.A toif;BuD;\ tpyifjzpfavonf/
tcef; (2)
udv
k ekd aD cwfO;D ydik ;f
e,fcsUJ qefu
Y siaf &; trsK;d om;a&;toGif aumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;
vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f
(1918 rS 1921)
1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf
(u) aumvdyo
f ydwrf wdik rf D ausmif;om;rsm;tajctae
NAdwo
d Qe,fcsUJ wdYkonf e,fcsUJ pepfukd &if0,fyu
kd
f jrefrmjynfukd 0ifa&muf odr;f yku
d af omtcg ,if;wdYk\ pD;yGm;
a&; vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrIESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;,E&m;vG,fulpGm vnfywfacsmarGUap&ef tkyfcsKyfa&; t&mSduav;rsm;? pma&;
pmcsDrsm;? ukefonf yGJpm;i,frsm;yg0ifaom wdkif;&if;om; vlvwfwef;pm;w&yf arG;xkwf&ef vdktyfvmayonf/
,if;vlvwfwef;pm;udk e,fcsJUwdkYonf aS;ya'o&mZfydkifSifrsm;? ukefonfaygufprsm;ESifh vlvwfwef;pm;wdkYrS qGJ,l
pnf;Hk; odrf;oGif;cJhavonf/ xkdvlvwfwef;pm;wdkYudk t*FvdyfpmayESifh acwfynm tenf;i,f oifMum;ay;jcif;tm;
jzifh olwdkYtvdkSdaom EkdifiHa&;t,ltq tawG;tac:? vlwef;pm; tjrifESifh ynma&;pepfudk tvdktavsmuf yHkdkuf
oGif;NyD;om; jzpfatmif &nfG,fMuHaqmifayonf/
ArmjynfwGif aumvdyfynma&;udk 1878 uyif tpjyKcJhonf/ xdkpOfu aumvdyfynmudk oifMum;EdkifolrSm
1891 wGif ausmif;om;OD;a& (44) OD;omSdonf/ aumvdyfynm oifMum;Edkifol OD;a&enf;&jcif;rSm ynma&;p&dwf
jrifhrm;NyD; NAdwdoQwdkYu wrifjrifhxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ awmifolv,form; qif;&Jom; trsm;pkrSm txufwef;ynmudk
oifMum;zdkY tem;roDEkdifaom tajctaersdK;aMumifh aumvdyfynmudk oifMum;&ef wwfEdkifolrSm vGefpGm enf;yg;&jcif;
aMumifh jzpfonf/
1912 wGif aumvdyfynmoifMum;ol (300) rQ Sdvmonf/ tpdk;&rif;wkdY\ vufa0cH t&mxrf;? trIxrf;
rsm;u ydk tmHkpkdufvmMuonfrSm txufwef; ynmwwfvQif ydkBuD;rm;aom &mxl;rsm;udk &Sd&ef arQmfrSef;Mujcif;
aMumifh jzpfonf/ odkYaomf NAdwdoQe,fcsJUtpdk;&rSm odyHynm? aq;ynm? tif*sifeD,mynm tm;ay;rI tvGefenf;yg;
onf/ 1914 ck txd odyHbGJU&ol wOD;rQrSday/ odyHynmvdkufpm;rI rSdap&ef t*Fvdyfpmudk ydktav;ay;NyD;
pmar;yGJrsm;wGif ESdyfuGyf ppfaq;cJhonf/
4
(c) 1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf jzpfay:vm&jcif; taMumif;t&if;

&efukefaumvdyfordkif;
uvuwm;wuodkvf rufx&pfulav;Sif; pmar;yGJudk 1877 wGif ArmjynfrS atmifjrifol (2) OD;um;
&efuek f tpd;k &txufwef; ausmif;om;rsm; jzpf\/ ,if;ausmif;udk 1879? Zefe0g&D (1) &ufaeYwiG f &efuek af umvdyrf S
uvuwm;wuov
dk u
f todtrSwjf yKcJo
h nf/ ausmif;om; (4) a,mufjzifh pwif zGiv
hf pS cf o
hJ nf/ 1883 wGif bDat
wef; zGihfEkdifaom tajctaea&muf\/ 1885 wGif Armwdkif;&if;om;xJrS armifwl * yxrOD;pGm 0dZmbGJU
qGwfcl;avonf/ ,k'oefaumvdyf 1894 wGif wnfaxmifonf/ 1894 wGif &efukefaumvdyf ausmif;om; (69)
a,muf? ,k'oefaum vdyf (5) a,muf Sdonf/ 1900 jynfh &efukefaumvdyfwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;ESifh
aTwd*Hkbk&m;vrf;axmifhwGif ae&mopf wnfaqmufcJhonf/ 1909 wGif jrefrmjynf wuodkvftufOya'Murf;
a&;qGJ&ef ynma&;pif'Dudwfu cefYxm;aom aumfrwD (txl;) udk zGJUonf/
odYk&mwGif &efuek af umvdyf ausmif;om; (208) a,muf? ,k'oefaumvdyf (36) a,mufrQom S
d wuov
kd f
xlaxmifay;Ekid &f ef ausmif;om;tiftm; rBuD;rm;[k ,if;aumfrwDu qH;k jzwf\/ 1916 wGif &efuek af umvdyf (567)
a,muf? ,k'oefaumvdyf (7) OD;S
d jrefrmbk&ifcH jrefrmjynfwiG f wuov
kd w
f ck zGUJ ay;&ef? Oya'Murf;wck jyKvky
f
tdEd,tpdk;&xH wifjycJhonf/ ,if;txl;aumfrwDonf 1919 rwf (27) &ufwGifyif wuodkvfzGJUpnf;yHk pepftwGuf
tpD&ifcHpmudk ynmrif;BuD;xH ydkYay;cdkif;cJhonf/ 1920 jynfh Zlvdkifv (31) Y.M.B.A uefYuGuf 1922 txd qdkif;
xm;&ef qHk;jzwfcJhonf/
Mo*kwfv (28) &uf ruf[ef;wm; Oya'jyKtzGJUonf 1920 &efukefwuodkvfOya'udk trsm;oabmwl
jy|mef; twnfjyKcJo
h nf/ bk&ifcu
H pufwifbmv (26) &ufwiG f oabmwlaMumif; vufrw
S af &;xd;k NyD; atmufwb
kd mv
(24) &ufwGif tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyfu ,if;Oya'udk vufcH twnfjyKcJhonf/
1920 Zlvdkifv (12) &ufaeY bk&ifcH qm&,f*sDe,fu&ufa'guf (Sir Reginal Craddock) aetdrf
rif;wdkifyiftpnf;ta0; jyKvkyfonf/ if;tpnf;ta0;rSm ArmjynfwGif wuodkvfwnfaxmif&ef tpnf;ta0;jzpf
onf/ wuodkvftufOya'Murf; a&;qJGaumfrwD tpD&ifcHpmudk rpwmruf[ef;wm;u wifjyonf/
if;tzGJUwGif(1) rpwm ruf[efwm; (Mr. Mark Hunter**, Director of Public Instruction-Vice-Chairman)
(2) OD;aratmif
(3) rpwm *Gwfvpf
(4) rpwm bdkY*a& ADvD
(5) rpwm *smrm;
(6) OD;bdk;om
(7) rpwm a[mbmwef
(8) rpwm &ufvpf
(9) rpwm ruepfwdkYjzpfonf/
rpwmruf[ef;wm;u wifoGif;onfhtqdkudk OD;aratmifu axmufcHaomfvnf; OD;bdk;omu vufrcH
OD;bd;k omESihf OD;GeYf rmS OD;aratmifukd a'goxGuMf uonf/ ArmjynfEiS hf rnfoYkd rQ rtyfpyfaom Oya'udk Armwa,muf
u csD;usL;axmyemjyK Munfhr& jzpfaeonf/ OD;bkd;omESifh OD;GefYrSm uefYuGufcJhMuonf/
1920 ckEpS f txd jrefrmjynfwiG f wuov
kd w
f ckrQ rSad o;acs/ &efuek w
f uov
kd Ef iS hf ,k'oefaumvdyaf usmif;
rsm;rSm tdEd,EkdifiH uvuwm;wuodkvf\ vufatmufcH aumvdyfausmif;rsm; jzpfonf/
xdkwuodkvfrS jyXmef;aom ynm&yfrsm;udk oifMum;&NyD; xdkwuodkvfrS ppfaom pmar;yGJrsm;udk ajzqdkMu
&\/ xdYk aemuf Y.M.B.A toif;BuD;u jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f oD;jcm;wuov
kd w
f ck S&d rnf[k vIYHaqmfa<u;aMumf wdu
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f eG ;f
aygif; rsm;vmaomtcg NAdwdoQe,fcsJUtpdk;&onf ynmrif;BuD; ruf[ef;wm; OD;pD;onfh ,leDAmpDwD (wuodkvf)
tufOya'a&;qGJa&; uRrf;usifonfh aumfrwDudk 1918 ZGefvwGif zGJUpnf;vdkufonf/ aumfrwD0if (30) eD;yg;Sd&mrSwfcsuf- armifwl* Only one student from Rangoon College named Maung Too passed the B.A. in 1885.
(&efukefwuodkvf ESpfig;q,fjynfhpmapmif- 1970? English Section, The Birth of Rangoon University by Aung
Khin - History, p-53) Mr. Mark Huner**, Director of Public Instruction-Vice-Chairman ESihf ausmif;tkyBf uD;
5
Mr. Matthew Hunter***, Principal of Rangoon College (if;aqmif;yg;- p-56)
(1) OD;bab (bDat)
(2) OD;armifBuD; (trfat)
(3) 0wfvHkawmf& OD;aratmif
(4) OD;bvIdif (bDat)
(5) OD;uGrf; (bDat)
(6) OD;trftHk;cdkif wkdY (6) OD;om jrefrmtrsKd;om;rsm; yg0ifcJhonf/ OD;bab? OD;xGef;Sdef? 0wfvHkOD;odef;armif
wkdYu owif;pmxJrS uefYuGufcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh 1920? Zlvdkifv (4) &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKU? ql;avbk&m;vrf;
0dkiftrfbDattoif;csKyfHk; tpnf;ta0;cef;r A[dktoif;csKyf (*sife&,faumifq,f) tpnf;ta0;usif;y&m OD;cspf
vIdifu obmywdaqmifGufNyD; atmufygqHk;jzwfcsufrsm; yg0ifchJonf/
qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (3) wGif3/ ,cktcg &efuek Nf rdKU,leAD mpDwD (wuov
kd )f ausmif;BuD; zGiv
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0dkiftrfbDat NrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;rsm;uvnf; Oya'Murf; qkdif;iHhxm;&ef tpkd;&odkY tMuHay;awmif;qkdcJhonf/
xdktMuHay;awmif;qkdonfh twGif;rSmyif 1920 ck? Zlvdkifv (12) &ufwGif 'kwd,bk&ifcHu ol\ twkdifyifcHtpnf;t
a0;udk ac:,lNyD; ynmrif;BuD;ruf[ef;wm; wifoiG ;f aom ],leAD mpDwt
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atmif tygt0if tpkd;&bufawmfom;rsm;u axmufcHonf/ xdkYaemuf t*FvdyfAsLdku&uf tpdk;&onf wdkif;jynfrS
a0zefEdkif&ef aMunm\/ if;Oya'Murf;rSm jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh oifhawmfonf[k bk&ifcHu ajymqkdcJhonf/
if;Oya'wGif AsLdku&uf e,fcsJUtpdk;&u jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm; txufwef;ynm roifMum;Ekdifap&ef csKyfcs,f
onfh atmufygtcsufrsm;yg0ifcJhonf/
(1) jrefrmjynfwGif wuodkvf wckwnf;om Sd&rnf/
(2) xkdwuodkvfvufatmufwGif aumvdyfausmif; wausmif;wnf;om Sd&rnf/
(3) xdkwausmif;wnf;aom aumvdyfonf &efukefNrdKU Sd&rnf/
(4) xdkaumvdyfausmif;wGif pmoifvkdaom ausmif;om;rsm;onf ausmif;tdyf ausmif;pm; jzpf&rnf/
(5) rufx&Dual v;Si;f (ac:) wuov
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(7) q,fwef;atmif wuokdvf0ifcGifh&aomfvnf; wuodkvfynm&yfrsm;udk wcgwnf;p roif&bJ
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(8) xdkjyifqifrItwef;wGif wESpfaeaomfvnf; ESpfukefonfhtcg wuodkvfynm&yfrsm;udk vkdufEkdif&ef
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(10) odyHwef;atmifNyD; 0dZmwef;udk *kPfxl;ESifh atmifaomolrSomvQif r[m0dZmbGJUpmar;yGJudk 0ifa&muf
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(11) *kPfxl;wef;ESifh 0dZmbGJUwef; pmar;yGJudk odyHwef;atmifNyD; (3) ESpfMumrS 0if&rnf/
(12) *kPfxl;wef;ESifh 0dZmbGJUwef;udk wcgwnf; 0ifa&mufajzqkd ratmifvQif aemufxyfr0ifEkdifawmhacs/
if;tcsufrsm;udk avhvmMunfhvQif aumvdyfausmif; wausmif;wnf;ESifh jrefrmvlrsKd; tajrmuftjrm;udk
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6

oifah wmfaom ynm&yfjzpfaeaomfvnf; xdyk nm&yfukd roifMum;&[k ydwyf ifEidk o
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xdkacwftcgu jrefrmEkdifiH vlOD;a& (85) &mcdkifEIef;ausmfrSm awmGmrsm;wGifaeaom awmifolv,form;
qif;&Jom;rsm; jzpf\/ NrdKUae jrefrmukefonf pma&;pmcsDrsm;rSmvnf; rsm;aomtm;jzifh 0ifaiG tenf;i,fomSd\/
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wef;ausmif;rsm;wGif awmausmif;om;rsm;tjzpff ausmif;rxm;Ekid af y/ &efuek Nf rdKUodYk ynmoifMum;&efvJ rapvTwEf ikd af y/
xdktcgu aumvdyfausmif;wGif ynmoifp&dwfrSm tenf;qHk; wvvQif (60) usyfjzpfNyD; wv (60) usyfrQom
0ifaiGSdaom (85) &mckdifEIef;jzpfonfh awmifolv,form; qif;&Jom;wkdYrSm rdrdwdkY om;orD;rsm;udk txufwef;ynm
oifMum;ap&ef pdwfrul; EkdifMuay/ xdkaMumifh wuodkvfOya'Murf;t& jrefrmwkdYrSm txufwef;ynm roifEkdifay/
t*Fvdyf0g'twdkif; jrefrmrsm;udk olwdkYckdif; aumif;atmif xif;ckwf? a&cyfwwfHkavmufom &nfG,faom ynma&;
pepfjzpfonf/ xdktcsdefu &efukefwuodkvf ausmif;om;wOD;\ wESpfukefusaiGrSm (378) usyfSdonf/ tcsdefwGif
atmufpzdkYESifh uif;b&pfwuodkvf ausmif;om;wa,muf\ wESpfukefusaiGrSm (3500) usyfrQom jzpf\/ q,fyHk
wyHkomvQif Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif xdkrQaom aiGudk jrefrmrsm; rwwfEkdifay/ (10) wef;atmif&ef (10) ESpfvHk;vHk; aiG
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wESpfxyfrH ae&OD;rnfqkdvQif aiGtukeftus ydkrsm;rnfjzpffonf/ (10) wef;udk (10) ESpfESifh atmif&ef tbufbufrS
taMumif;nDGwfrnfjzpfNyD; wESpfwwef; rSefrSefatmif&rnf jzpfonf/ xdktcsdefydk? xdkp&dwfudk trsm;tm;jzifh qif;&J
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if;tcsufrsm; tm;vHk;rSm jrefrmrsm;udk? txufwef;ynm wwfajrmufa&;twGuf trsKd;rsKd;csKyfcs,frIrsm;
om jzpfonf/ tdE,
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xdkYaMumifh 1920 Zlvdkifv (31) &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKU *sKAvDa[mwGif ausmif;om;rsm; OD;aqmif 0dkiftrf
bDattoif;BuD;u aqmfMoNyD; NrdKYvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;odkY jyKvkyf&m &[ef;awmfrsm;?
ausmif;om;rsm;? vlxky&dowfrsm;pGm wufa&mufvm&m HkjynfhvQHoGm;onf/ if;tpnf;ta0;wGif 0dkiftrfbDatrS
OuXtjzpf OD;az (K.S.M., A.T.M.)? tusKd;aqmiftjzpf OD;xGef;a0u aqmifGuf atmufyg qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;
csrSwfcJhonf/
1/
,leDAmpDwD odyHausmif;awmfBuD;qkdif&m Oya'Murf;udk vsifjrefpGm twnfjyK&ef pDrHaqmifGufjcif;udk
tpnf;ta0;BuD;u av;eufpGmuefYuGufaMumif;? ,if;Oya'Murf;udk jynfolYudk,fpm;vS,f trwfrsm;jzifh
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7
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tzJGJUodkY qHk;jzwfcsuf tjynfhtpHkudk wifydkYawmif;qkdMuonf/
odYk &mwGif xdt
k cg oHvufo;D [kac:aom vufaxmufb&k ifcH qm&,f*sDe,fu&ufa'guf acgif;aqmifonfh
NAdwo
d Qe,fcsJU AsLdku&uftpdk;&u ]rif;wkAhd rmawG ynma&;udk bmem;vnfvv
hkd }J [kqdkum wkdif;jynfrS uefYuGufcsuf
rsm;udk *krpdkufbJ vspfvsLIum 1920 'DZifbmv (1) &ufaeYwGif xdkwuodkvfOya'Murf;udk twnfjyKNyD;[k
aMunmvkdufonf/ 'DZifbm (7) &ufaeYrS pwifusifhoHk;rnf[k owif;xGufvmonf/
(*) oydwt
f wGujf yifqifMujcif;
&ef u k e f w u o d k v f Oya'onf 'D Z if b mv (1) &uf a eY twnf j zpf v mcJ h a yonf / od k Y & mwG i f
wuodkvfzGifhvSpfyGJ tcrf;tem;udk w&m;0if rusif;y&ao;acs/
jrefrmEkid if \
H 'kw,
d bk&ifcH qm&,f*seD ,fu&ufa'gufonf Oya't& wuov
kd t
f "dywdBuD; tjzpf 'DZifbm
v (7) &ufaeYwGif ]&efukefwuodkvfausmif;awmfBuD;} udk zGifhvSpf&ef aMunmxm;avonf/
&efukefwuodkvf ausmif;awmfom;rsm; jzpfvmMurnfh &efukefaumvdyfrS ausmif;om;wdkYtaejzifhum;
wuodkvf Oya'onf wuodkvfynma&;udk ysufpD;aponfomru trsKd;om;a&;*kPfodumESifh jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkY\
a,bk,stqifhtwef;udkyif ,kwfavsmhvmvdrfhrnf[k oabm&Sdxm;NyD; jzpfonf/
xdYk tjyif wuov
kd Of ya'onf trsK;d om;wdYk tm; aESmifBuKd;jzifh tpOfcsKyfaESmifxm;&ef NAdwo
d Qtpd;k &u zefw;D
xm;onfh vufeufaumif;wck jzpfonf[lvnf; rrSdwfrokef ,HkMunfMuonf/
xdkYaMumifh &efukefaumvdyfrS ausmif;om;BuD;wkdYonf wuodkvfOya' ysufpD;oGm;&ef vnf;aumif;? ,if;
Oya't& wuodkvfrzGifhjzpf&ef vnf;aumif;? jrefrmtrsKd;om;wdkY\ tpDtrHjzifh trsKd;om;wuodkvf wnfaxmif&ef
vnf;aumif; pdwftm;xufoefpGmawG;awm MuHqcJhMuavonf/
&efukefwuodkvf Oya'ysufjym;&efESifh wuodkvfausmif; rzGifhvSpfEkdif&ef ta&;rsm;udk BudKwifawG;awm
MuHqvsuf SdaeMuaom &efukefaumvdyfausmif;om;BuD;wdkYu Oya'yifSdaevifhupm; ausmif;om;rSdaom ausmif;
onf tcsnf;ESD;yifjzpf ausmif;udk oydwfarSmufMu&ef aemufqkH; tMuH&Muavonf/
,if;uJhodkY tMuH&onfhtwdkif; 1282 ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef; vqkwf (8) &uf ('DZifbmv 3 &ufaeU)
aeYv,fwiG f &efuek af umvdyrf S ausmif;om;BuD; (11) OD;wdYkonf aTw*d Hk uke;f awmfay: paeaxmifw
h iG f wuov
kd af usmif;
udk oydwfarSmufa&;wGuf vQKdU0Sufpnf;a0; wdkifyifMuonf/
tqkyd g ausmif;om; (11) OD;rSm-
1/ udkbOD;
(bDat txufwef;)
(aemif ta&;ydkif OD;bOD;? oHwGJ)
2/ udkzdk;uGef;
(bDtufpD txufwef;)
(aemif ocifAdkvfzdk;uGef;)
8
Source: RU History (Diamond Jubilee)
oydwaf rSmufausmif;om;Bu;D rsm; opmt"d|mefjyK&m aTw*d akH pwD taemufawmifaxmifw

U iG f pdu
k x
f x
l m;aom txdr;f trSwaf usmufwikd f
3/ udkbSif
(bDtufpD txufwef;)
(aemif tif*sifeD,m) (&efukef)
4/ udkbSif
(tkdifat txufwef;)
5/ udkxGef;0if;
(tkdifat txufwef;)
6/ udkazodef;
(tdkifat txufwef;)
7/ udknDydwf
(bDtufpD txufwef;)
(aemif pufSifw&m;olBuD;) (&efukef)
8/ udkat;
(bDat txufwef;)
(aemif ,pfrsdK;rif;BuD;)
9/ udkvSwif
(bDat txufwef;)
(aemif vTwfawmfaSUae)
10/ udkatmif'if (tdkifat txufwef;)
(aemif yifpifHk;tkyf)
11/ udkbcif
(tkdifat txufwef;)
(rEav;) wkdU jzpfonf/
aumvdyaf usmif;om;BuD; (11) OD;wdYkonf (2) em&De;D yg;Mumatmif tzufzufrS av;eufpmG qifjcifpOf;pm;
NyD;aemuf trdEidk if \
H *kPo
f u
d m udk u,fwifa&;twGuf aumvdyaf usmif;rsm;udk oydwaf rSmuf&ef qH;k jzwfvu
kd Mf uonf/
,if;udpudk rnfuJhodkY xajrmufatmifjrif&ef jyKvkyfMurnfudk wdkifyifESD;aESmMuNyD;vQif
(1) tjcm; ausmif;om;rsm; rvdkufaomfvnf; xdk (11) OD;wdkYonf ausmif;udk rysufruGuf oydwfarSmuf
NyD;vQif wdkif;jynf qlylx<uEkd;Mum;ap&ef vSnfhvnf w&m;a[m&ef?
(2) 'D Z if b mv (4) &uf a eY A[ef ; OD ; t&d , ausmif ; wd k u f w G i f aumvd y f a usmif ; om;rsm;
tpnf;ta0;ac:,l tusKd;taMumif; ajymjy&efwdkYudk qHk;jzwfMuavonf/
acgif;aqmif (11) OD;wdkYonf ,if;udpESifh ywfouf wpHkw&m tjypf&Sdu wOD;ESifhwOD; tultnDjyK
qd;k twl aumif;twl aemufrqkwyf J qufvufaqmifu
G &f ef opmjyKMuavonf/ opmjyKcsufrsm;udk t*Fvyd b
f mom
jzifh pmGuf oHk;Gufay:wGif a&; (11) OD;pvHk; vufrSwfa&;xdk; Muonf/
,if;opmjyKcsuf jrefrmbmomjyefrSm-
}atmufwGif vufrSwfa&;xdk;ol uREkfyfwdkhonf &efukef,leDAmpDwD oydwfarSmufvIyfSm;rIBuD;wGif OD;pD;OD;udkif
jyKMurnfU acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkh OD;pD;aqmifGufMurnfU vIyfSm;rIonf tu,f atmifjrifrI
r&yJ cRwfacsmfwdrf;yg;cJUaomf uRefyfwdkhtm;vHk;onf ausmcsif;,SOf &ifcsif;tyf aotwlSiftrQ MuHUMuHUcH
&yfwnfMu&ef opmrlum t"d|mefjyKyg\} [l jzpfavonf/
acgif;aqmif (11) OD;wdYk onf ausmif;odYk jyefvnfa&mufv
dS mNyD;aemuf aumvdyEf pS &f yfpvk;H aemufwaeYwiG f
tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyf&ef vQKdU0SufpGm pnf;kH;Muavonf/
9
ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;\ vQKdU0Supf mG vIyf mS ;aeyHu
k kd tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; &dyrf w
d efoavmuf &dyrf Md u
avonf/ ],leDAmpDwDtufOya'udk wwdkif;jynfvHk;u uefhuGufaeygvsuf tpdk;&u yrmrcefhjyKonfUtwGuf oydwf
arSmuf&ef MuHpnfMuonf} [l tcsif;csif; odem;vnfaecJhMuonf/
'DZifbmv (4) &ufaeY? eHeufyikd ;f wGif &efuek af umvdyEf iS hf ,k'oefaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm;\ pum;tajc
twifajymyGJ tNyD; nae (3) em&D rdepf (30) wGif A[ef;&yf OD;t&d,ausmif;wdkufodkY ausmif;om;rsm; tpnf;ta0;
qufvuf wufa&muf&ef zdwfMum;Muavonf/
xdkaeYnae (3) em&DcGJwGif aumvdyfESpf&yfvHk;rS ausmif;om;aygif; (600) cefY pka0;a&mufSdvmMuonf/
&efuek faumvdyfrS acgif;aqmif (11) OD;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;tjyif ,k'oefaumvdyfrS udkzdk;usm;? udkjrifh? udkzdk;vwf
tpSdaom acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; wufa&mufvmMuonf/
tpnf;ta0;wGif &efukefaumvdyf tdkiftufpfpD atmufwef;rS udkvSpdefudk Ou|wifajrmuf udkbOD;u
tpnf;ta0; ac:,l&jcif; taMumif;rsm;udk tus,fw0ifh Sif;vif;ajymjyonf/
xdYk aemuf aumvdyEf pS &f yfpvk;H rS ausmif;om;rsm;onf oydwaf rSmufa&; udpu
kd jyif;jyif;xefxef aqG;aEG;Mu
onf/ t,ltqtrsKd;rsKd;udkvnf; aumvdyfESpf&yfpvHk;rS ausmif;om;rsm;u wifjyMuonf/
aqG;aEG;ndE idI ;f Mu&mwGif wuov
kd Of ya'udk wdu
k zf sufa&;twGuf oydwaf rSmuf&efuu
kd m; a,bk,stm;jzifh
oabmwlMu\/
odkY&mwGif (1) wuodkvfOya'udk jyifqifay;&ef bk&ifcHxH avQmufxm; vdkufavsmjcif; rjyKorQ oydwf
arSmuf&efESifh? (2) rauseyfrIrsm;udk xdxda&mufa&muf jyonfhtaeESifh oydwfarSmufNyD;rS vdkvm;csuf awmif;qdkvTmudk
wif&ef[laom enf;vrf;ESpf&yf uGJvGJMuavonf/
xdkYaMumifh ,if;udpudk rJqE,l&ef pDrHMuonf/ qEr,lrD IH;aomzufrS EkdifaomzufodkY razmufjyef
vdkufyg&ef ESpfOD;ESpfzuf uwday;Muonf/ xdkYaemuf qErJ tqHk;tjzwf,l&mwGif OD;pGm oydwfarSmufNyD; aemufrS
vdv
k m;csufrsm;udk ta&;qdak om awmif;qdv
k mT wif&efzufrS tEkid &f Sad vonf/ xdpk Oftcgu udzk ;kd usm;ESihf tjcm;acgif;
aqmifrsm;rSm rJqEIH;Muaomfvnf; oydwfarSmuf vIyfSm;rIwavQmufvHk;ESifh trsKd;om;ynma&; c&D;pOfwavQmufvHk;
wGif razmufrjyef vdkufygcJhMuonf/
,if;tpnf;ta0;rS(1) 1920 jynfhESpf? 'DZifbmv (7) &uf? t*FgaeYwGif jrefrmEkdifiH 'kwd,bk&ifcH &efukefaumvdyfausmif;odkY
vma&mufNyD; ]jrefrmEkdifiHwGif &efukefwuodkvf zGifUvSpfaMumif;} aMunmaomtcg aumvdyfausmif;
ESpaf usmif;Sd ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;onf rdrw
d Ykd pmtkyrf sm;udk ydu
k
f ]&efuek w
f uov
kd u
f kd oydwaf rSmufNy}D [k
atmf[pfum ausmif;rsm;rS xGufvm&ef?
(2) oydwfarSmufNyD;rS xdk&efukefwuodkvfOya'onf jrefrmrsm; txufwef;ynm oifMum;a&;twGuf
epfematmif csKyfcs,fonfhOya'rsm;jzpf ,if;wkdYudk jyKjyifay;&ef t*FvdyfAsLkdu&uftpdk;&odkY ta&;
qdk&ef?
(3) jyKjyifay;&ef awmif;qdkaom tcsufrsm;udk jyKjyifray;orQ umvywfvHk; ausmif;jyef rwuf&ef
qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk csrSwfMuonf/
xdkYtjyif oydwfarSmuf udpESifhywfouf udpt00udk aqmifGufoGm;&ef ausmif;ESpfausmif;rS udk,fpm;
vS,rf sm; yg0ifonfh 26 OD;aumfrw
D D (Council of Twenty-six) udk aG;cs,cf efYtyfum wm0eft&yf&yf vTt
J yfavonf/
,if; 26 OD;aumfrDwDwdkYum;(pwifOD;aqmifcJUaom ausmif;om;BuD; (11) OD; tygt0if)
&efukefaumvdyfrS
12/ udkvSpdef (Oya'ynm)
(aemif NrdKUrq&ma[mif;)
13/ udkbwif (Oya'ynm)
(aemif Oya'jyK vTwaf wmftrwf? uefe0D efBuD;\ ajr;)
14/ udkpkd;0if; (bDat txufwef;)
(aemif ynma&;txl;t&mSd)
15/ udkxGef;az (tdkifat txufwef;)
(aemif xGef;aeUpOf t,f'DwmcsKyf)
16/ udkb[ef (bDatwef;)
(aemif [dkufukwfpmawmfjyef)
17/ udkvlaz0if; (bDDat txufwef;)
(aemif aS;a[mif;okawoe? ausmufpm0ef)
18/ udkbausmf (tdkifat txufwef;)
(aemif tpdk;&yHkESdyfwdkufnTefMum;a&;0ef)
10

19/ rpwm tifpDqif; (bDat txufwef;)
20/ rpwm tD;armifpdef (bDat txufwef;)
*syfqifaumvdyfrS (,k'oefaumvdyf)
21/ udkjrifh
22/ udkjr (bDtufpfpD txufwef;)
23/ udkzdk;usm; (bDat atmufwef;)
24/ udkzdk;vwf (bDat txufwef;)
25/ udkarmifudk (bDat txufwef;)
26/ rpwm bkdYpf wdkYjzpfonf/
(aemif w&m;Hk;csKyfaSUae)
(aemif aeSife,f OD;jrifh)

(aemif 'k-0efBuD;csKyf ocifjr)
(aemif trsKd;om;ynm0ef)
(aemif ,Ofaus;rI twGif;0efa[mif;)
(aemif xDrif;BuD;)
pwifoydwfarSmufjcif;
ausmif;om;rsm;onf ,leDAmpDwDOya'ESifh xkdOya't& wnfaxmifrnfh wuodkvfausmif;BuD;udkyg oydwf
arSmufMu&ef qHk;jzwfonfqdkaom wpHkwpfa,muf\ owif;ay;csuft& &efukefaumvdyf ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpwm
rwfo,l;[efwm; (Mr. Matthew Hunter***) odo
dS mG ;avonf/ ausmif;tkyBf uD;onf owif;&vQi&f jcif; ausmif;
q&mrsm;? t&mSrd sm;? rdbrsm;rSwqifh ausmif;om;rsm; oydwrf arSmufjzpfatmif zsuaf vonf/ tpd;k &trIxrf;jzpfonfh
ausmif;om; rdbwdkYtm; om;orD;rsm; oydwfarSmufvQif oifwdkYtvkyfrS xkwfypfcH&rnf[k Ncdrf;ajcmufonf/
ausmif;tkyBf uD;ESihf q&mrdbrsm;u oydwrf arSmufjzpfatmif zsufaeonfo
h wif;rsm;udk csufjcif;Mum;od&
1282 ck? wefaqmifrkef; vjynfhausmf (10) &uf? 1920 'DZifbmv (5) &ufaeY? aeYvnf (2) em&DwGif udkbOD;tdrf
tpnf;ta0; jyKvkyfcg ausmif;om;BuD; (11) OD;onf rlvowfrSwfxm;aom 'DZifbmv (7) &ufudk rapmifhawmhbJ
,aeY 'DZifbm (5) &uf (wefaqmifrkef; vjynfhausmf 10 &uf) yif oydwfarSmuf&ef qHk;jzwfMuonf/ xdkYaemuf
naewGif A[ef;aTusif&yf ausmif;wkduf wkdifw&mausmif; ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; &efukefaumvdyfESifh ,k'oef
aumvdyrf S ausmif;om; (50) ausmfonf pkpnf;NyD;vQif ynmrif;BuD;ruf[ef;wm;\ Oya'ESihf xdOk ya't& zGiv
hf pS rf nfh
wuokdvfausmif;awmfBuD;udk pwif oydwfarSmufcJhMuonf/
(C) oydwaf rSmufpOf jrifuiG ;f ESihf ausmif;om;wkYd cdik rf maompdw"f gwf
Source: National Day (Golden Jubilee)
ausmif;om;rsm; xdo
k Ykd oydwaf rSmufjcif;rSm ynmqufvufoif&ef ysi;f &d
r[kwf? ArmjynfESifh ArmwrsdK;om;vHk; tem*wf aumif;pm;a&;twGuf if;wkdY
ynmoifMum;a&;ESifh aemifa&;udk tqHk;IH;cHum? tepfemcHum xGufvmcJhjcif;jzpf
onf/ t*Fvyd Af sLdu
k &uf e,fcsJUtpd;k &u pDrv
H yk u
f idk o
f aGU vnf;aumif;? rw&m;
zdEydS rf rI sm;udk vnf;aumif;? iHYkrcHbJ xdxad &mufa&muf wHYkjyefwu
kd cf u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf/
t*Fvdyftpdk;&udk BuD;us,faom yxrOD;qHk; qefYusifrIBuD; jzpfonf/
ArmawG txufwef;ynmrwwfvQif wd;k wufrI rS?d wk;d wufrI rSv
d Qif
olYuRef? olYvufatmufwGif olwdkYvkyfo iHkYcHum ArmawGu tdk;pm;? olwdkYu
tqDtESpfudk xm0pOf oHk;pGJoGm;&ef jzpfonf/ ynmrwwfvQif atmufwef;pm;
tvkyt
f udik Ef iS o
hf m a&mif&h w
J if;wdrNf yD; olwYkd tkycf sKyfa&; 0ifa&muf rpGuzf ufEidk af y/
ynmrwwf wdk;wufrIrSdvQif olwdkYvufatmuf uRefoabmufrS b,fawmhrQ
BudK;pm;awmhrnf r[kwfay/
Ou| udb
k OD;
ausmif;om;xk w&yfv;kH tdrrf jyefawmhbJ A[ef;aTusifausmif;wku
d Ef iS hf
OD;t&d,ausmif;wkduf twGif;Sd Z&yfrsm;wGif oydwfarSmufpcef;rsm; jyKvkyfaexdkifMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; oydwf
arSmufonfudk Mum;odvQif odcsif; q&mBuD;OD;bESifh OD;bvdIifwdkYu yxrtBudrfoydwf rarSmuf&ef ajymqdkonf/
ausmif;om;rsm; vufoifhrcH jyefoGm;Muonf/
aemufwBudrfwGif q&mBuD;rwf[ef;wm;ESifh OD;jrifh (rif;wkdifyiftrwf) wdkYvma&mufNyD; trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk
aoG;aqmif ac:iifMuonf/ trsm;pku acgif;aqmifwifajrmufxm;aom Ou| udkbOD;ESifh udkjrifhwdkYu rauseyfonfh
tcsufrsm;udk ajymjyaomfvnf; q&mrwf[ef;wm;u vufrcHbJ aoG;aqmif ac:iifvsufyifSdonf/
11
xkdtcg udkazodef;u
]],Ofaus;onfqdkaom q&mBuD;wkdY\ t*FvdyfjynfESifh taemufwdkif;jynfrsm;wGif jynfolrsm; oabmrwl
onfh Oya'rsm;udk Oya'jyKtzGJUu twnfjyKygoavm}} ar;&m
q&mBuD;rwf[ef;wm;u
]]rjyKaMumif;}} jyefajz\/
]]odkYjzpfvQif usaemfwkdYrESpfNrdKUaom ,leDAmpDwDtufOya'udk q&mBuD;wkdY t*Fvdyftpdk;&onf twnfjyK
oH;k pGaJ pjcif;rSm ,Ofaus;ygoavm? w&m;ygoavm? usaemfwYkdu vufatmufcH Ekid if o
H m;awGrYkd oif;wkYd qrD mS xifovkd
vkyfrnfqdkaom oabmESifh vkyfygovm;}} ar;&m q&m[ef;wm; rnfodkYrQ rajzEkdifbJ tm;avsmhum xGufcGmoGm;\/
udv
k ekd aD cwfO;D wGif yxrqH;k ay:aygufcahJ om oydwjf zpf pdw"f mwfa&;&mt& MuHUcdik rf rI S?d pnf;urf;bufvJ
avsmhwdavsmh&J pnf;Hk;rIvJ ysufjy,fvdrfhrnf[k wGufqp&m Sdonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;oydwfu xkdodkYr[kwf/
oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;\ aMunmcsufudk MunfhvQif]usaemfwo
hdk nf wwdik ;f jynfv;kH uRet
f wGi;f u rnfonft
U cgrQ rvGwu
f if;aponfU AsLdu
k &uf\ odyaH usmif;
Oya'udk xkacszsuq
f ;D &efEiS Uf ckcjH cif;rSwyg; tjcm;aomenf;jzifU wdik ;f jynfukd u,fq,fz&hkd m enf;vrf;rS[
d k ,HMk unfygonf/
usaemfwo
hkd nf *kPo
f a&apmifaU SmufonfU ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfonfU tm;avsmpf mG wu,fta&;MuKH vmvQif wdik ;f jynftwGuf
toufpeG &hf ef toifU MdS uygonf/ usaemfwhkd ckcw
H u
kd &f if;om aoygap/ aemufq;kH txd ckcyH grnf[k pdwyf ikd ;f jzwfxm;olrsm;
jzpfygonf/}
oydwfarSmufausmif;om; Ou|udkbOD;u
]AsLdu
k a&pDtpd;k &onf ArmvlrsKd ;rsm;udk b,faomtcg tavsmaU y;bl;ygovJ/ b,fawmUrS ray;yg/ b,feaH &m
tcgrSvJ ay;vdrfUrnfr[kwf/ usaemfwdkhudk qlylaom vll;wpk[k t,lSdMuonf/ e,fcsJYwdkhonf usaemfwdkhudk touf
rSdaom opfwHk;rsm;[k atmufarUMu\/ usaemfwdkh ajymwmawG bmrS tav;rjyK? *krjyKonfU tjyif 'DZifbm (23)
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d o
f nf/ 'DZifbm
v? (19) &ufaeY awmif;qkdcsuf (16) csufudk rvdkufavsm 'DZifbmv (20) &ufaeYwGif tpnf;ta0; usif;yum
qHk;jzwf 'DZifbmv (21) &ufaeYwGif wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm; vufrSwfa&;xdk; rdrdwkdY trnfrsm;udk ausmif;
pm&if;rS y,fzsuf&ef wefjyefta&;qdkvdkufonf/ qHk;jzwfcsuft& bDatwef;rS udkbOD;? ukdvlaz0if;? udk&mZwf
tygt0if ausmif;om; (8) OD;? bDtufpt
D xufwef;rS udb
k ;kd uGe;f tygt0if ausmif;om; (30) OD;? bDatatmufwef;rS
(28) OD;? bDtufpDatmufwef;rS (13) OD;? bDtufpDtxufwef;rS (86) OD;? tdkifatatmufwef;rS (37) OD;? tdkiftufpD
atmufwef;rS (100) ausmfwdkYESifh wjynfvHk;Sd (7) wef;? (10) wef;ausmif;rsm;rSvnf; tpdk;&ESifh tpdk;&taxmuftyhH
cHausmif;rsm;udk &moufyef oydwfarSmufvdkufonf/
xkq
d ;kH jzwfcsuftwdik ;f t*Fvyd v
f ufxuf &efuek w
f uov
kd f vufatmufcaH usmif;rsm;odYk ausmif;jyefrwuf
aom ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;rSm (300) avmufSd\/ (7) wef;? (10) wef; oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;rSmvnf;
tajrmuftjrm;Sd oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkbOD;\ bDatbGJUrSm 1921 ck? Mo*kwfvwGif Armjynf
trsKd;om;ynma&;aumifpDrS usif;yaom bDatpmar;yGJudk 0ifa&mufajzqkd atmifjrifcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ xdktrsKd;om;
ynma&;aumifprD &S aom bDatbGUJ udk vGwv
f yfa&;&SNd yD; 1952 wGif &efuek w
f uov
kd u
f vufcH todtrSwjf yKcJo
h nf/
ausmif;om;rsm; awmif;qdkcsufudk Armrsm;udk tvGeftxifao;aom bk&ifcHu wm0efrJh ausmif;om;wOD;
wa,muf vufrw
S x
f ;dk wifoiG ;f aompmvTmudk vufcpH Of;pm;&ef jiif;qkv
d u
dk o
f nf/ aemufrMumrD vufaxmufb&k if
cH\ wdwfwqdwfpDpOfrIaMumifh oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qkdcsuftwdkif; armfvNrKdifNrKdUrS 0wfvHkawmf&
OD;cspfvS tpSdaom yk*dKvfBuD;rsm;u vufrSwfxdk;NyD; epfemcsufrsm;udkjyKjyif&ef toem;cHpmwapmif wifoGif;\/
xdktoem;cHpmudk vufaxmufbk&ifcHu vufcHpOf;pm;\/ odkh&mwGif taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jyum bmwckrQ rjyifay;acs/
(ps) trsK;d om;ausmif;rsm; trsK;d om;aumvdyw

f nfaxmifMujcif;
oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;aumifpDu 1921 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (11) &ufaeY ]uREyfk w
f o
hdk nf rsK;d apUcsxm;
aomolrsm;} jzpfonf/ "We are the Sowers" [k acgif;pOfwyfum xkwfjyefaMujimcsufxJwGif trsKd;om;ynma&;
aemufq;kH &nf,
G cf suo
f nf trsK;d om;vGwv
f yfa&;ESihf ArmvlrsK;d wkYd \ t*Fvyd v
f ufatmufrS vGwaf jrmufa&;yifwnf;
[k xkwfazmfxm;avonf/
xYdktwl oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;aumifpD (University Boycotters Council) rS 1920 ck? 'DZifbm
(24) &ufaeY (National Education in Bahan) [k trsKd;om;ynma&; acgif;pOfwyfNyD; xkwfjyefvdkufonfh
aMunmcsufwGif-
1920 oydwf\ toD;tyGifUrsm;tjzpf jrefrmjynft&yf&yfwGif trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;ay:aygufcJU&m tBuD;qHk;jzpfaom &efukefNrdKYSd NrdKYrausmif;

BuD;yHk
16

]trdArmjynfuckd sp&f ef vlrsK;d \ ydrk t
kd &ma&mufaom ta&;udpr sm;wGif ud,
k u
f sK;d ukjkd zKwyf pfEidk &f efEiS Uf aoaomf
vnf; rdrdtrsKd;udk cspfaompdwfESifU aoEkdif&efwkdhonf A[ef;Sd trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;\ [kef;[kef;awmuf &nfG,f
csufrsm;jzpfonf} [k xkwfazmfxm;cJhavonf/
oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;aumifpDonf ,leDAmpDwDtufOya'udk jyifqifay;&ef qdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;xH
xdkodkU wifjyawmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf; r&Sdojzifh oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;tzdkY trsKd;om;aumvdyfESifh trsKd;om;
ausmif;rsm; xlaxmif&efom Sdawmhonf/
1920? 'DZifbmv (29) &ufaeYwGifjyKvkyfaom *sDpDbDattoif;csKyfBuD;u tpnf;ta0;w&yf jyKvkyfum
wuodkvfoydwfudpudk wifjyaqG;aEG; atmufygqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk qHk;jzwfcJhonf/
1/ ArmEkdifiHt&yf&yf trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; wnfaxmifzGifhvSpf&ef/
2/ &efukefNrdKU trsKd;om;wuodkvfausmif;BuD; wausmif; wnfaxmifzGifhvSpf&ef/
3/ toif;csKyfBuD;ESifh qufoG,fxm;aom toif;cGJrsm;u wnfaxmifxm;aom pmoifausmif;rsm;udkvnf;
trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJ&ef/
4/ trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; pkaygif;tkyfcsKyf&ef vdktyfaom pDpOfTefMum;csuf ponfwdkYudk jyKvkyfEkdif&ef
trsKd;om;ynma&;tzGJU zGJUpnf;&efwdkY ygavonf/
if;qH;k jzwfcsuft& wcsdew
f nf;rSmyif trsKd;om;ausmif;tjrKawrsm;udk tNrdKUNrdKUyif oydwaf rSmuf ausmif;
om;BuD;rsm;\ apwemh0efxrf; tm;ay;jcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;? tNrKdUNrKdUSd 0HomEkBuD;rsm;\ apwemo'gw&m;rsm;udk
cH,l&&SdrI taMumif;jyK vnf;aumif; wr[kwfcsif; ysHUESHYay:xGufvmonf/ aEG&moDpmar;yGJrsm;trD ausmif;om;
vli,frsm; qufvufynmoifMum;cGifh &Sdvmonf/
xdktrsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;wGif aumvdyfoydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;ESifh (7) wef;? (10) wef;rS oydwfarSmuf
ausmif;om;rsm;u 0ifa&muf q&mvkyfMu\/ xkdoydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;onf rsKd;cspfpdwf tvGefjyif;xef
rnfonft
h &yfrqdk jiif;y,fjcif;rSb
d J xkt
d &yft
dS rsK;d om;ausmif;rsm;wGif tenf;i,frQaom vcESihf q&m0ifvyk Mf u\/
NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;uvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;udk wwfEkdifonfh enf;jzifh ulnDonf/
(n) 1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf trsK;d om;a&;atmifjrifrrI sm;

1/ G.C.B.A (*sDpDbDat) rS vlBuD;rsm;ESihf oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm; yl;aygif; trsKd;om;ynma&;
aumifpDudk atmufygyk*dKvfrsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
trsKd;om;ausmif; tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJY
(1) OD;armifBuD;
Ou|
(2) OD;armifarmiftkef;cdkif
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;
(3) udkzdk;uGef;
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;
(4) udkbOD;
(5) udkpdk;0if;
(6) udkzdk;vwf
(7) udkjrifh
(8) udkzdk;usm;
(9) udkjr
(om,m0wD)
(10) udkbcif
(11) udkbdk;wuf
(12) udkbvdIif
(e,l;bm;rm;)
(13) udkbav;
(14) udkpdefb
(15) udkomaT
(ykord )f
(16) udkyk
(om,m0wD)
(17) OD;bab
17
(18) OD;yk
(aTusif)
(19) OD;xGef;atmif
(20) udkzdk;cdkif
2/ 1921 ck? rwfvwGif if;trsKd;om;ynma&;aumifpDu Muyfrwf (7) wef;? (10) wef; pmar;yGJrsm;
jyKvkyfay;onf/
3/ Armjynfw0Srf;vHk;wGif trsKd;om;ausmif;aygif; (150) zGifhvSpfEkdifcJhonf/ &efukefNrdKUwGif NrdKUrtrsKd;om;
ausmif; xlaxmifa&;uddk OD;bdk;vwfu pwifwm0ef,lvkyfudkifcJhonf/
4/ A[ef;? vdyfuefajrmufbuf Z&yfMum;wGif trsKd;om;ausmif;udk pwifzGifhvSpfay;cJhonf/ if;aemuf
ydktqifajyap&ef vrf;rawmf o&ufawmausmif;odkY ajymif;aTUzGifhvSpfcJhonf/ ykZGefawmifESifh Munfhjrifwkdif trsKd;om;
ausmif;rsm; qufvufzGifhvSpf MunfhjrifwkdifwGif ausmif;olrsm;twGuf ausmif;zGifhcJhjyefonf/
5/ trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; zGifhvSpf&mwGif ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;\omrefynma&;udk t"duxm;cJhonf
r[kwf/ t*FvdyfvufatmufuRefoabmuftjzpfrS vGwfajrmuf&ef &nfG,fcJhonf/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;
aumifpD (University Boycotters Council) rS (We are the Sowers) aMunmcsufudk MunfhvQifodEkdifonf/
6/ ArmhrsKd;cspfpdwfay:vGifapaom ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfrsm;udk q&mvGef;? OD;zdk;usm;? OD;boef; (armfvNrdKif)
wdkYu jyKpkjzefYcsdEdkifcJhonf/
7/ t*FvdyfpmrSty tjcm;bmom&yfrsm;udk jrefrmbmomodkY jyefqdk jzefYcsdEdkifcJhonf/
8/ aTwd*Hkbk&m;odkY wufa&mufolwdkif; zdeyfcRwf&rnfqdkaom pnf;urf;udk ArmjynfSdt*Fvdyfrsm;u
rvku
d ef mcJah cs/ odYkaomf yxraumvdyf ausmif;om;oydwf jzpfvmcsed rf pS &efuek Nf rdKUodYkvmaom t*Fvyd yf gvDreftrwf
rpwm0uf*s0k'fwdkY ZeD;armifESHu ArmhxHk;pHudk av;pm;pGm zdeyfcRwfcJhonf/ aTwd*Hkbk&m; zdeyfcRwfa&;jyemrSm
xdkZeD;armifESH\ erlemaMumifh ajyvnfNyD;pD;oGm;onf/
9/ 1920 aumvdyaf usmif;om;BuD;rsm; oydwrf wdik rf D ArmwdYkrmS t*Fvyd Af sLdu
k &uftpd;k &u pDrjH yKvkyo
f nfukd
acgif;iHkYcHcJhMu&onf/ EkdifiHa&;Ekd;Mum;rIrSdonfhtwGuf t*Fvdyftpdk;&ESifh,SOfNydKifum xdxda&mufa&muf ajymqdkcGifh
SdrSef; rodMuay/ ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmuf xGufvmum t*Fvdyftpdk;&\ tjypftemtqmrsm;udk yGifhyGifh
vif;vif; azmfxw
k
f &J&aJ wmuf qefYusif a[majymMuaomtcgrS aMomf- t*Fvyd t
f pd;k &udk odYk ajymcGihf ydS gvm;[k
odvmMu\/ xkdodkY odvmMuonfESifh wNydKifeuf rsKd;cspfpdwfrsm; jyif;xefpGm aygufuGJvm\/
10/ 1917 tdEd,jynfSd b*Fvm;? bHkbdkif? r'&yf? yef*syfe,frsm;udk 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&; ay;aomtcg
ArmjynfrmS tdE,
d ydik jf ynfe,frsm;twGi;f 'dik t
f mcDtyk cf sKyfa&;ESihf rwefao;yg[kqNdk yD; ajymonf/ tb,faMumifq
h akd omf
bDatatmifol (400) rQ rSad o;jzpfonf/ ,kwn
f ahH om u&ufa'gufprD u
H ed ;f (ac:) vufaxmufb&k ifcaH &;qGo
J nfh
tkyfcsKyfa&;udk ay;&ef&nfG,fonf/ ArmwdkY vef'efodkU udk,fpm;vS,fapvTwf 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;ay;&ef awmif;qkd
onfhtwGuf u&ufa'guf pDrHudef;tkyfcsKyfa&;udk qdkif;iHhxm;onf/ aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmuf EdkifiHa&;
Ekd;Mum;rI jzpfvmaomtcg 'dkiftmcDtvdkrSd? [krl; udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;udkom tvdkSdonf[k [pfa<u;aMumfum
vef'efudk aMu;eef;kdkuf [krl;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;udk awmif;qkdonf/ xdktcgusrS NAdwdoQwkdY 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;
ray;bJaevQif rjzpf[k ,lqum 1922 wGif 'kdiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;udk ay;&av\/ onfrSm yxrjiif;y,fcJhNyD;
'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;udk aemufqHk;ay;cJh&jcif;rSm aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmuf t*Fvdyftpdk;&udk wkdufyGJ
qifETJcJhjcif;aMumifh jzpf\/
11/ 'kid t
f mcDtyk cf sKyfa&;rSm rsm;pGm tqifrh jrifrh m;aomfvnf; ,cifAsLdu
k &uftyk cf sKyfa&;xuf tqaygif;rsm;
pGmomNyD; wkid ;f jynftyk cf sKyfa&;wGif ArmwdYk txufq;kH rS atmufq;kH txd 0ifa&muf tkycf sKyfEidk o
f nf/ 'dik t
f mcD tkycf sKyfa&;
&onfEiS hf wNydKifeuf tpd;k &vufatmuf t*Fvyd u
f ek o
f ,
G rf I vkyif ef;BuD;rsm;wGif Armrsm; b,fawmhrS rarQmfvifch ahJ om
&mxl;BuD;rsm; &Mu\/
12/ t*Fvyd t
f pd;k &u zGiv
hf pS cf ahJ om t*Fvyd jf refrm (2) bmomoifausmif;rsm; tvGeef nf;\/ wjynfv;kH wGif
(50) jynfhatmif rSday/ &efukefNrdKUwGif (10) wef;ausmif; wausmif;omSNd yD; rEav;? rdwDvm? jrif;jcH? aTb?kd yckuL
NrdKUBuD;rsm;wGif (10) wef;ausmif; wausmif;rS rSday/ Armjynfudk t*Fvdyfodrf;cgpwGif vl (100) vQif (85) a,muf
jrefrmpm a&;wwf? ajymwwfonf/ t*FvdyftkyfcsKyfNyD; 1920 ck a&mufaomtcg vl (100) vQif (35) a,mufrQ
usefawmh\/ jrefrmrsm;\ynma&; atmufwef;usoGm;onf/ 1922 wGif trsKd;om;ausmif; (94) ausmif; txdSdvm
onf/ ausmif;om; (200000) ausmf Sv
d mNyD; awma&mNrdKUygrusef t*Fvyd pf mESihf jrefrmpmudk tcsed w
f w
dk dk p&dwu
f sO;f usO;f
18

jzifh oifcGifh&Mu\/ aemufydkif;wGif trsKd;om;ausmif; (145) ausmif; jzpfvm\/
13/ trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; ay:vmonfhtwGuf tcsdefwdkwdkESifh p&dwfusOf;usOf;? qif;&Jcsrf;omraG; ynm
oifMum;cGifh &\/
14/ trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;wGif Ak'bmomudk oifMum;cGifh&&m Ak'omoemrSmvnf; ydkrdkxGef;um;vm\/
15/ trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; ausmif;om;rsm;udk Zmwdrmef? ZmwdaoG; wuf<uaponfh rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfrsm;
arG;jrLwuf<uvm&ef oifMum; vIHYaqmfay;EkdifcJh\/
16/ xdkodkY oifMum;ay;EdkifonfhtwGuf AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;rSm a&eHacsmif;? trsKd;om;ausmif;rS (10) wef;
atmifcJhol jzpfonf/ yef;waemf ausmif;tkyfBuD;rSm OD;oefY jzpfonf/
17/ trsKd;om;aumvdyfudk A[ef;NrdKU aTusifausmif; 1921 Mo*kwfv? (20) &ufwGif zGJUpnf;EkdifcJhonf/
trsKd;om;aumvdyfwGif apwemh0efxrf; ygarmuq&mBuD;rsm; jzpfaom (1) q&mBuD;OD;vGef;
(2) 'D;'kwfOD;bcsdK
(3) q&mawmfOD;P - ygVd
(4) rpwm csif'rfb&m (bmrif*rf) - pufrIvufrIESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;
(5) rpwm a&mif; (r[m0dZm) - pD;yGm;a&;ESifh EkdifiHa&;
(6) rpwm bem*sD (r[m0dZm -vef'ef) - abm*aA'wdYkEiS hf ausmif;om; (330) jzifh pwifoifMum;Ekid cf o
hJ nf/
18/ aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; pwifoydwfarSmufaom 1282 ck? wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf (10) &ufudk
trsKd;om;aeYtjzpf owfrSwfEkdifNyD; a'gufwmbarmf ynma&;0efBuD;csKyf jzpfcsdef Hk;ydwf&uftjzpf trdefYxkwfcJhonf/
txufygtcsufrsm;udk qufpyfMunfhvQif aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;\ yxroydwfonf NAdwdoQe,fcsJU
qefYusiaf &;? t*Fvyd v
f ufatmufrS vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf BuD;rm;rsm;jym;aom tiftm;jzifh wku
d ,
f cl &hJ aom wku
d yf BJG uD;
jzpfonf/
1921 Zefe0g&DvukefwGif Armjynf vufaxmufbk&ifcHu tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyfBuD;xHodkY (14) &ufwywf
tpD&ifcHpmwGif &efukefaumvdyfoydwfarSmufta&;udk xdxda&mufa&muf rEdSrfeif;EkdifvQif Armjynfonf t*Fvdyf
vufatmufu vGwfajrmufoGm;&ef taMumif;Sdonf[k a&;om;cJhonf/ xkdvufaxmufbk&ifcHuvnf; t*Fvdyfukef
onfBuD;rsm;\ ESpyf wfvnf npmpm;yGw
J iG f ausmif;om;oydwu
f kd olYvufeufwu
dk rf S vufeuftm;vH;k toH;k jyKESrd ef if;
rnf[k wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;pGm ajymMum;cJhayonf/
trsKd;om;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;okdh q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;\ rdefhMum;csufrSm

]]tdkwynfhtaygif;wkdY? tdktmZmenf a,mufsm;av;awGyDyD? ArmyDyD wnDwnmwnf; uRefynmoif ,leDAm
pDwrD S xGuv
f mukeaf om wynfrh sm;\ q&mwkYd onf wynfrh sm;\ pdwjf rifjh rwf&m jrifjh rwfaMumif; Zmwdrmefwuf<u&m
wuf<uaMumif;? uRefanmfrcH? uRefapmfreH&m reHapcsifaMumif;? ArmwdkYatmifvH wvlvlvTifhEkdif&m vTifhEdkifaMumif;
jzpfaom pmayrsm;udk oif&ayvdrfhrnf/ q&mwdkY &nfG,fcsuftwGuf tb,fpmayonf NyD;ajrmufatmif aqmifEkdif
vdrfhrnf[k SmazGpdppf&m Arm&mZ0ifonfom NyD;ajrmufapaMumif; awGU&w,f}} [laom jznf;nif;om,maom
pum;rsm;onf MunfvifpmG xGuv
f m\/ ausmif;om;rsm;rSmvnf; q&mBuD;udo
k m tmHpk ;l pku
d
f em,laeMuavonf/
tcef;ab; a&tdk;pifrS pdrfhusaom waygufaygufESifha&oHrSty q&mvGef;\ pmoHomvQif xGufay:aeonf/
]]wynfw
h Ykd t*Fvyd af usmif;rsm;wGif Arm&mZ0ifukd oifMum;&w,fvYkd q&mMum;bl;w,f/ 'gayr,fh 'D&mZ0if
awG[m igwdYk widk ;f om; r[kww
f o
hJ rl sm;u uGuu
f if;avQmuf a&mufwwf&m&mawGukd a&;xm;cJah ompmrsm; jzpfw,f/
igwkdYArmawGudk wzufoufESdrf a&;om;cJhaom pmawGjzpfw,f/ 'DpmawGudk wynfhwdkY oifaeoaGUjzifh wkdYrSm
(arsmufavmif;? arsmufavmif;) qdkovdk oabmufavmif;awG b0u wufMu&r,fvdkY q&mrxifygbl;/ a[mh'D
q&mwkdY aeSife,faumvdyfrSm ocifynmawG oif&awmhr,f wynfhwdkY/ igwkdYonf 'DurmrSm tvGef atmufwef;
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19
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20

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21
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24
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25
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26
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taMumif;&if;udk pdppfvdkufvQifvnf; jrefrmtrsKd;om; wnfaxmifzGifhvSpfxm;aom Ak'bmom [dkufpul;
ausmif;rsm; rSdjcif;aMumifhyif jzpf&onf[kqdkvQif vGJEkdifrnf r[kwfacs/
odkYjzpf ,ckta&;onf &efukefjrdKU&Sd vlBuD;vlaumif;taygif;wdkYESifhwuG toif;BuD; toif;i,fwdkY\
tay:odkY txl;ojzifh wm0efusa&mufvmNyD jzpfaomaMumifh &efukefNrdKUwGif Ak'bmom [dkufpul;ausmif;BuD;
waqmif tjrefjzpfajrmufatmif tm;xkwfoifhMuygaMumif;/
27
28
(0J) 1282 ckESpf xkwfa0aom trsKd;om;ynma&;r*Zif; wuodkvfOya'udk kyfajymifjzifU

odkh ceJhcJUonf
(,m) 1922 ck? ZGefvwGif &efukefNrdKY usif;yaom *sDpDbDat tpnf;ta0;BuD;u 1920
ausmif;om;oydwf jzpfyGm;cJhonfUaeh wefaqmifrkef;vjynfUausmf (10) &ufaehudk
trsKd;om;atmifyJGaehtjzpf owfrSwfvdkufonfU owif;udkazmfjyay;aom jrefrmUtvif;
owif;pm tcsyfydk
(tay:) 1921 ckESpfu ygarmu q&mrIdif;? uxdu 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKdwdkh yg0ifxlaxmifaom A[ef;aumvdyf tzJGY0ifrsm;? q&mrsm;
(atmuf) OD;t&d,ausmif;wdkufrS trsKd;om;aumvdyfausmif; 1924 ckESpf aemufqHk;usefSdaom ausmif;om;rsm;ESifU q&mrsm;
'kwd,wef; xdkifvsuf? 0JrS,m- 'D;'kwfOD;bcsdK (5 a,mufajrmuf)? rpwmarmifrIdif; (ac:) q&mvGef; (6 a,mufajrmuf)
29
(tay: 0J) trsKd;om;aumvdyfrS

apwemU0efxrf; ausmif;tkyfBuD;
ygarmuq&mBu;D OD;vGe;f
(ocifu,
kd af wmfridI ;f )
(tay: ,m) 19? 12? 1923 u
zGifhvSpfcJhaom
A[ef;Mum;awm&vrf;
OD;t&d,ausmif;wdkufrS
trsKd;om;aumvdyfausmif;ae&m
30
Source: File photo; National Day (Golden Jubilee)
(atmuf) NrdKYr trsKd;orD;

txufwef;ausmif; q&mrrsm;
(1921 ckESpf)
1282 ckESpf (1920) oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif OD;bOD;\ vufa&;rl rSwfwrf;
31
(21) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;aehtwGuf trsKd;om;aehaumfrwDu a<u;aMumf&ef oHcsyfrsm;
32
33
1971 ckESp?f (50) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeh aT&wkobif txdrf;trSwf awGYqHkyJGodkhwufa&mufcJUMuaom 1920 ausmif;om;oydwf ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;
aSYwef;^xdkifvsuf (0JrS,m)- Ou| OD;vlaz0if;? OD;odrf;armif? em,u OD;bab? qmarmifBuD;? OD;atmifZHa0
Source: Unknown
(50) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeh aT&wkobif txdrf;trSwf jyu'def
34
udkvdkeDacwfv,f - 1922 rS 1930 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif
tcef; (3)
udv
k ekd aD cwfv,fyikd ;f
e,fcsUJ qefu
Y siaf &; trsK;d om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vli,frsm; vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f
(1922 rS 1930)
(u) 1922-23 wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;tajctae
wuov
kd af usmif;BuD;\ taxGaxGtajctaerSm wd;k wufrb
I mrQrS?d xkid ;f xkid ;f rIid ;f rIid ;f ESihf usqif;&efbufoYkd
,drf;,dkifpjyKaeonf/ ausmif;om;? ausmif;olwdkif; tvGefpdwfyg0ifpm;pGm tm;ay;onfh abmvHk;toif;rSmyif tvGef
qkkwf,kwfpjyKaeonf/ ausmif;om;ausmif;olwkdY\ pdwf"mwfrSmvnf; wufwuf<u<urSd [efrysufoGm;vm pdwf
vufryg tajctaerysuf oGm;aeMu&onf/ wufwuf<u<u pGrf;pGrf;aygufayguf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;vnf;
ray:ayguf? ygarmut"dywd q&mBuD;a*spavmpf\ ywf0ef;usif todik ;f t0kid ;f rSwyg; aysmf iT v
f ef;qef;jcif; uif;aeMu
onf/ 'kwd,ESpftNyD; pdwfysufNyD; ausmif;rS xGufoGm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;rSm trsm;pkjzpfonf/ xdktcsdefu &efukef
aumvdyf (1925-28) wnfae&mrSm ,ckjynfolYaq;HkBuD; (R.G.H.) ESifh rsufESmcsif;qkdifvsuf rif;BuD;vrf;
(Commissioner Road) ,ck Adv
k cf sKyfvrf;rBuD;wGif
dS abmf'gausmif;aqmifrmS jynfvrf; waumif;ESihf jynfausmif;
aqmif (2) ckomSd yk*HaqmifrSm aqmufvkyfqJSdonf/ EkdifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;wckuJhodkY pnf;Hk;rI rSday/ EkdifiHw0Srf;
NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vIyfSm;rIrsm; yHkrSeftaetxm;jzifhomyg0ifonf/ 1930 ckESpfrS 1939 ckESpftwGuf wuo
(&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*) ESihf Auo (ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qkid &f mausmif;om;rsm;or*) wdYk acgif;aqmifrjI zifrh S
omvQif 1938 yxrtaxGaxGoydwfBuD;udk OD;aqmifaom wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;? ocifrsm;tjzpf
yg0ifvmMuonf/ if;wkYd\ BudK;yrf;rIjzifo
h m ucsiaf jr? csi;f awmifwef;? Sr;f jynfe,ftESYH a&muf&dS ef ausmif;om;rsm;u
vkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/
(c) vli,frsm;Bu;D yGm;a&;toif;ESihf ausmif;om;rsm;

1925 ckESpfwGif rD;&xm; pm&if;udkif udkbpdef? jynfxJa&;ESifhvHkjcHKa&;pma&; udkodef;wkdY OD;aqmif vli,frsm;
Bu;D yGm;a&;toif; (Youth Improvement Society) udk wnfaxmifcJhonf/ if;toif;wGif ausmif;om;tcsKdUyg0if
vIyfSm;cJhMuonf/ if;toif; pwifzGJUpnf;pu vlrIa&;ESifh pum;&nfvkyGJtoif; jzpfaomfvnf; oufwrf;Mum
vmaomtcg ausmif;om;vli,f pm&dwwkd;wufa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;pdwf"mwf Sifoefa&;wdkY twGuf jyKvkyfcJhonf/
35
if;toif; rSm 1931 ckEpS f txd BuD;yGm;a&;r*Zif;udk xkwaf 0cJo
h nf/ tjcm; pmtkyt
f oif;rsm;ESiv
fh nf; qufo,
G rf jI yK
um pmzwfcef;rsm; wnfaxmifcJhonf/
(*) ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qkid &f mvli,ftzGUJ csKyEf iS hf ausmif;om;rsm;
1930 ckEpS f tapmydik ;f umvrsm; trsKd;om;a&;wGif [du
k pf ul;ESihf wuov
kd ?f aumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;
pdwt
f m;xufoefpGm yg0ifvmMuonf/ ]ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qkid &f mvli,frsm;tzGcYJ sKy}f (ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mvli,frsm;toif;[k
tp yxrydkif;wGif ac:onf) wnfaxmif&mwGif ausmif;om;trsm;pk yg0ifvmMuonf/
if;tzGJUudk 1930 tapmydkif; wnfaxmifcJh&m(1) q&mwif - Ou| (NrdKUrtrsdK;om;ausmif;tkyfBuD;)
(2) udkxGef;xGef; - 'k-Ou| (aumvdyfausmif;om;)
(3) udkbaomif; - 'k-Ou| (aumvdyfausmif;om;) (wkdYArmtpnf;tHk; pwifwnfaxmifol)
(4) udkEk
- tusKd;aqmifwGJbuf (aumvdyfausmif;om;)
(5) udkApdef
- tusKd;aqmif wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL; (,k'oefaumvdyfausmif;om;) (ocifApdef)
(6) udkcefY
- pm&if;ppf(aumvdyfausmif;om; OD;oefYtudk)
(7) udkpdef
- aiGxdef; (aumvdyfausmif;om;)
(8) udktkef;
(aumvdyfausmif;om;)
(9) udkav;armif
(aumvdyfausmif;om;)
(10) udkbwif
(aumvdyfausmif;om;)
(11) udkoD[ef
(aumvdyfausmif;om;)
(12) udkpHodrf;
(aumvdyfausmif;om;)
(13) q&m[def
(NrdKUrtrsdK;om;ausmif;q&m)
-wkdY yg0ifzGJYpnf;cJhonf/
if;toif;BuD;onf 1931 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (29) &uf? 1293 ckESpf? 0gqkdvqef; (15) &ufaeYwGif aTwd*Hk
bk&m; pwk'domZ&yf pkpnf; EkdifiHjcm;jzpf pD;u&ufraomufa&;udk vdkufvHpnf;Hk;cJhonf/
if;wkdYrSm 1931 ZGefvwGif aTwd*Hkbk&m;Sd pwk'domZ&yfjyKvkyfaom tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& EkdifiH\
pD;yGm;a&;? EkdifiHa&;udp&yfrsm;wGif trsKd;om;a&;vIyfSm;rIrsm; jzpfay:&ef vkyfaqmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
(C) Ekid if jH cm;jzpfp;D u&ufraomufa&;vIUH aqmfrEI iS hf ausmif;om;rsm;

if;toif;onf Zlvdkifv (29) &uf aTwd*Hkbk&m;apwDawmfodkY wuf &ifjyifatmuf aq;vdyfaomuf
olrsm;tm; tvSLcH EdkifiHjcm;jzpf aq;vdyfraomuf&efudk vnf;aumif;? vufbuf&nfqdkifrsm; ArmtrsKd;om;rsm;
aq;vdyfaomufaeonfudk 0ifa&muf awmif;yefvnf;aumif;? ArmvlrsKd;rsm; EkdifiHjcm;pD;u&uf raomufa&;twGuf
awmif;yef tvSLcHMuonf/ xdktcg ArmtrsKd;om;ôrD;rsm;uvnf; 0rf;omtm;&vdkvm;pGm EdkifiHjcm;jzpf pD;u&uf
raomuf&ef tvSLcHrIudk vufcHMuonf/ xdkodkY vdkufvHawmif;yefMuolrsm;wGif Ou| OD;wif? udkApdef? udkwifvwf?
udkvSaz? (tm;vHk;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;) ESifh udkxGef;pdef? udkwifOD;? udkwifGefY? udkcspfwD; (xGef;vDa&mif)?
udkarmifodef;ESihf tjcm; (2) OD; yg0ifcJhavonf/ uJhodkY ZlvdkifvrS pufwifbmvtxd EkdifiHjcm;jzpf pD;u&uf
raomufa&; twGuf ausmif;om;rsm;u vli,frsm;ESifh vufwGJ vIyfSm;cJhMuonf/ onfum; ArmEkdifiHordkif;\
ausmif;om;? vli,f yl;aygif;vIyfSm;rI yxrOD;qHk; jzpfonf/
(i) Ekid if jH cm;jzpft0wftxnfqefu

Y siaf &;ESihf ausmif;om;rsm;
1930-31 pmoifESpfwGif aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;\ e,fcsJUtarGcH 0wfpm;qif,ifrIjzpfonfh ydk;tus?
rmzvm? t*Fvdyfbdeyf? aTem&D? wkwfaumufESifh aq;wHwdkYudk trsKd;om;a&;toGifjzifh ajymif;vJ0wfqif&ef
aumvdyfausmif;om; udkEk? udkxGef;pdef? udk[defwdkYtkyfpkonf vdkufvHEdI;aqmfvmMuonf/ EkdifiHjcm;jzpf pD;u&ufvHk;0
36

raomufa&;? Ekid if jH cm;jzpfy;kd zJ? uwyD gt0wfrsm;tm;vH;k oydwaf rSmufNyD; yifeED iS hf a,mvHck snfukd OD;pm;ay;0wfqif&ef
acgif;u bkdauudk uwHk;wHk;NyD; if;wdkY udk,fwkdifu yifeDwkdufyHktusESifh a,mykqdk;om 0wfqifMuonf/
trsKd;orD;rsm; tusyg; r0wfa&;? aygif'grsufESmacs roHk;&efESifh yifeDtus0wf nyfbdeyfpD;Mu&ef?
ykodrfxD; aqmif;Mu&efwdkYudk udkEk? udkxGef;pdef? udkApdef? udk[defwdkY tkyfpku vdkufvHEdI;aqmfavonf/ odkYjzifh Arm
jzpf toH;k taqmifuo
kd m tm;ay;&ef tm;oGecf eG pf u
dk f vkyaf qmifraI Mumifh vnf;aumif;? Ekid if jH cm;jzpf oydwaf rSmufa&;rSm
ausmif;om; vli,fxk\ wuf<urIaMumifh wuf<uaom vlxkvIyfSm;rItjzpfodkY a&mufSdoGm; ArmwrsKd;om;vHk;rSm
Ekid if jH cm;jzpf qefYusifvmMuonf/ if;ausmif;om; vli,fxk tpnf;ta0;rSmvnf; ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qkid &f mtzGJUcsKyf tjzpf
ay:aygufvmonf/ if;toif;BuD;onf au'gausmif;om;rsm; arG; ArmEkdifiHa&; ajymif;vJrI? e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;
trsKd;om;a&;pdw"f mwfrsm; ay:xGe;f &ef avhusiahf y;cJo
h nf/ if;toif;\ tzGJU0if au'grsm;onf ausmif;om;vIyf mS ;rI
acgif;aqmifydkif;wGif vnf;aumif;? &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*ESifh AuozGJUpnf;ay:aygufa&;twGuf
wdYk Armtpnf;tH;k jzpfay:vmap&efEiS hf ocifacgif;aqmifrsm;tjzpf vnf;aumif;? vGwv
f yfa&;BudK;yrf;rI acgif;aqmif
rsm;tjzpf vnf;aumif; aqmifGufcJhonf/
(p) e,fcsUJ tpd;k &qefu

Y siaf &;ESihf ausmif;om;rsm;
uJhodkY e,fcsJUtpdk;&udk qefYusif? e,fcsJUpD;yGm;a&;udk dkufcsKd;? e,fcsJU,Ofaus;rIudk tjrpfrS NzdKvJcsNyD;Hk
omru &efukefwuodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;onf at;aq;pGm ynmroifbJ e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;w&m;rsm;udk t&yfxJ
qif;NyD; vdkufvH a[majymjcif;aMumifh e,fcsJUNAdwdoQwdkYrSm rsufpdpyg;arG;pl;vmonf/ odkYjzifh ausmif;om;vli,f
acgif;aqmifrsm; &yfuGufxJ qif;um e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; w&m;rsm; a[majym&mwGif &yfuGufxJ e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;?
e,fcsJUpD;yGm;a&; qefUusifrIrsm;jzifh kwfkwfoJoJ usef&pfcJhonf/
q&mpH BudK;rdeYf ay;NyD;aemuf q&mpHawmfveS af &; H;I edro
hf mG ;aomtcgvnf; wuov
kd f ausmif;om;rsm;xJrS
wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;odkY yxrOD;qHk; ocifjzpfvmaom udkApdefu q&mpHawmfvSefa&;udk trTrf;wif aoG;xkd;vIHYaqmf
pmwrf;rsm;udk nOfhtcsdefwGif vdkufvHuyffonf/
]q&mpHawmfvSefa&;onf rSefaMumif;? q&mpHawmfvSefa&; atmifjrifrnf r[kwfaomfvnf; qufvuf
awmfvSef&rnf jzpfaMumif;} 0g'jzefYcsd t*Fvdyfudk awmfvSef&ef vQKdU0SufpGm pmGufpmwrf;rsm;udk yvlysHatmif
jzefYa0onf/ xkdudpa Mumifh &efukefwuodkvfausmif;rS xkwfy,f ,k'oefaumvdyfodkY ajymif;aTUcH&aom udkApdefrSm
,k'oefaumvdyfrS xyfrH xkwfy,fcH&jyefonf/
(q) wdAYk rmtpnf;tH;k tp ausmif;om;u
Source: Year 1300
1920 jynfh yxrausmif;om;oydwfwGif rEav;NrdKU Ak'omoeEk*[

txufwef;ausmif; (BTM) wGif ynmoifMum;aeaom udb
k aomif;onf &efuek f
NrdKUodYk a&muf
dS wuov
kd f bmomjyef enf;jyq&mtjzpf aqmifu
G pf Of q&mBuD;
OD;azarmifwif? OD;quf? rpwmzmeDA,fwkdY\ wdkufwGef;csuft& urmh&mZ0ifcsKyf
pmtkyfudk jrefrmbmomodkY wifoGif; oufqkdif&modkY wifjycJh&m Prince Wales
a0vrif;om;pmayqk (Moliere Classic) bmomjyef pmayqkaiG 1000d^&SdcJhonf/ udkbaomif;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk tajccH t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUtm;
qefYusif&ef uspfvspfcdkifrmaom tzGJUtpnf; w&yfvdktyfaMumif; odvmonf/
xdYk aMumifh wduscdik rf m jywfom;&J&ifah om Ekid if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf;BuD;w&yf ay:xGe;f
vma&;twGuf udkbaomif;onf "mwkaA'udkvSabmf (aemif ocifvSabmf)? Arm
jynfpmtkyftoif;rS udkodef;armif (aemif ocifodef;armif)? tjrwfawmfaMu;Hk;rS
udt
k ;kH cif (ajcvsi)f wdYk yg0ifMuonf/ xdak usmif;om;vli,frsm;ESiu
hf kd baomif;onf
ocifbaomif;
wkdYArmtpnf;tHk;udk wnfaxmif&ef vnf;aumif;? xdktpnf;tHk;0ifrsm; aSUwGif
ocifqdkonfrSm uRefESifh qefYusifzufjzpfaMumif;? waumif;tbd&mZmrS ,aeYwdkif ArmvlrsdK;rsm;onf ocifrsm;jzpf
aMumif;? xdkYaMumifh ocif[k aSUuwyfac:&efqHk;jzwfNyD; 1930 jynfhESpf? arv (30) &ufaeYwGif jzpfyGm;aom ulvD
37
t"dukPf; (ukvm;-Arm t"dukPf;) udk taMumif;jyK wdkYArmtpnf;tHk; aMujimcsufudk xkwfa0vdkufonf/
if;aMujimcsufwiG f aoqH;k aomolrsm;pm&if;ESihf trsKd;om;a&;ESihf e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;pdw"f mwfrsm; jyefvnfiS o
f efvm
ap&eftwGuf &nf,
G
f xdak eY 1930 arv (30) &ufaeYrmS yif ]wdAhk rmtpnf;tH;k } udk wnfaxmifco
hJ nf/ xdak Munm
pmwrf;wGif ocifbaomif;? wdkYArmtpnf;tkH;? jcHtrSwf (33)? a&wmSnfvrf;? A[ef;NrdKUe,f[k azmfjyxm;onf/
if;aMujimcsuf-
wkdYArmpmwrf;
Armjynfonf
Armpmonf
Armpmonf
Armjynfudk
Armpmudk
Armpum;udk
'kdYjynf
'dkYpm
'dkYpum;
cspfyg
csD;jrifhyg
av;pm;yg
-[kazmfjyxm;onf/
wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;[k qkd&m wdkYArmjynfxJSdaom vlrsKd;tm;vHk;udk udk,fpm;jyKonfh t"dyg,f azmfaqmif
jcif; txdrf;trSwf jzpfonf/ jrefrm[laom pum;rSm ]jrefonf? rmonf}[laom t"dyg,faqmifaomfvnf; ESmoHyg
abmifusOf;onf/ tm;enf;onf/ Srf;? u&if? ucsif? rGef? &cdkif? yavmif? awmifol? qvHk? em*? jrefrmpaom Arm
wkdif;&if;om; tm;vHk;udk jcHKiHkrdap&ef Arm[laom pum;vHk;udk aG;onf/ bukef;ESifh ]brm} [kra&;bJ ]A} vcsKduf
ESifh a&;jcif;rSmvnf; ]b}onf &Hzef&Hcg ]A}oHxGufojzifh pdwfrcs& ]A}vcsKdufESifh ]Arm}[k a&;jcif;jzpfonf/
Source: Tamadaw History (Vol-1)
ArmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m wdAhk rmtpnf;H;k trIaqmifrsm;tpnf;ta0;yJG rSww
f rf;"gwyf kH (ckEpS f rod&)
38
(Z) cGyaf 'gi;f tp &Jwyfu? wyfrawmftp ausmif;om;u

1930 jynfh? ZGefv (15) &ufwGif wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;rS udkvSabmf (ocifvSabmf) OD;aqmifNyD; ausmif;om;
vli,f (25) OD;onf&efrvdkvsif &efydkonf
&efvdkrS &efNydKonf
-[laom pmwrf;aMunmcsuf trSwf (1) xGufNyD;aemuf wdkYArmocifrsm;\ 'dkYArm&Jwyf zGJUpnf;&efvdkvm;
aom qEjyyGJudk aTwd*HkapwDawmf awmifbufrk'frS qif; a'gif;tvHBuD;aSUqHk;rS vTifhxlum AdkvfwaxmifuGif;odkY
ppfa&;jy csw
D ufouJo
h Ykd csw
D ufNyD; ]'dAhk rm&Jwyf} (Yetat) udk pwifzUJG pnf;cJo
h nf/ csw
D uf&m vrf;aMumif;wavQmufwiG f
wOD;u ]'dAhk rm} [k toHwidk af y;vku
d v
f Qif usefvrl sm;u ]'dAhk rma[h 'dAhk rm} [k oHNydKiaf <u;aMumfum vufo;D vufarmif;
wef;NyD; csDwufMuonf/ ppfa&;jy csDwufolrsm;onf rnfonfhum; rnfonfh &xm;rQ raSmif? rSefrSefBuD;om 'dkYArm
toHjyif;jyif;ESifh AdkvfwaxmifuGif;ta&muf csDwufvmMuonf/
Adv
k w
f axmifuiG ;f odYk a&mufaomtcg ocifvaS bmfu tav;jyK&ef trdeYfay;vdu
k &f m a'gif;tvHBuD;udk vTix
hf
l
ppfwyfozG,f wef;pDum tav;jyKMuonf/ onf ,aeY EkdifiHwyfrawmfzGJUpnf;&ef tjrKawcJhaom ocifvSabmf
OD;aqmif ausmif;om;trsm;pk yg0ifcJhonfh 'dkYArm&Jwyfyif jzpfonf/ 'dkYArm&Jwyfonf aemifArmhvufHk;wyf? Armh
umuG,fa&;wyf? ArmhrsKd;cspfwyfrawmf? Armhwyfrawmf? jynfolYwyfrawmfrsm; qifhuJqifhuJ jzpfay:vmonf/
vufeufudkifwyfrsm;\ EkdifiHa&;tESpfom&SdSd ]tjrKaw} wyf tpyifjzpfonf/ 'dkYArm&JwyfrSm yxrwGif tusteD?
abmif;bDtndK aemufydkif; tusa&m abmif;bDyg eDndKa&mifESifh 0g;zufOD;xkyf 0wfqifcJhonf/
xdktcsdef (21) OD;ygwDrS ynma&;0ef OD;armifarmifBuD;\ tpdrf;a&mif wyfpdrf;vnf; Sdonf/ if;tzGJUtvH
rSm trsKd;om;tvHtjzpf ]&Jol (ol&BJ u;D ) atmifv}H (The Victory Flag of Braves) aemufcHtpdrf;ESifh tv,fwGif
cGyfa'gif; ygSdonf/ if;&Jwyfrsm;onf aemifwGif trsKd;om;wyfrawmfjzpfNyD; NAdwdoQvdkvm;olrsm;rSty usefolrsm;
tm;vH;k eD;yg; ausmif;om;? vlBuD;? vli,faygif;pHk yg0ifco
hJ nf/ trsKd;om;aeYtcrf;tem; jyKvky&f m csDwufwyfzUJG uJo
h Ykd
jyKvkyfcJhonf/ 'dkYArm&Jwyf\ &Jowif;pmudk r[maqGtm; t,f'DwmcefY xkwfa0cJhonf/ if;aemufrS OD;apm\
*VKefwyf? a'gufwmbarmf\ "m;rwyf? 1937 wGif ausmif;om;or* oHrPdwyfwYkd jzpfay:vmonf/ 1933 aTbw
kd iG f
ocifrsm; atmifajreif; w&m;a[mpOf awmifil ocifvSarmif? ocif<u,f? ocifAat;wdkY\ &efBuD;atmifwyf?
1934 wGif Sift&d,? ocifApdef? ocifav;armifwdkY acsmufNrdKUodkY pnf;Hk;a&;a&mufaomtcg 'kdYArmSyfeDwyfrsm;
zGJUpnf;cJh\/
odUk aumvdyaf usmif;om; udv
k aS bmfO;D aqmif udb
k aomif;ESihf ausmif;om; trsm;tjym;onf a'gif;tvH
vTix
hf
l Adv
k w
f axmifuiG ;f ppfa&;jy a[majympnf;vH;k NyD;aemuf aumvdyaf usmif;om; udb
k aomif;uyif ocifbUJG ,l
ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfaom udkvSabmf? udkav;armif? udkApdef? udkodef;[ef? udkbwif? udkxGef;aT? udk[def? udkxGef;pdef
(yxr ocFsmenf;jy? aemif Oya' yxrESpfausmif;om;) OD;? udk? armif wkdYtm; ocifbGJU trnfajymif;vJ ac:a0:cJh
onf/ odYk ArmEdik if v
H ;Hk qkid &f mvli,frsm;tzGUJ csKyf aumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm; pwifcahJ om wdYk Armtpnf;tH;k BuD;onf
vGwfvyfa&; &Sd&ef t"duuscJhaom tzGJUtpnf;BuD;jzpfonf/
(ps) 1925 ckEpS f rEav;aumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;\ trsK;d om;a&;vIy&f mS ;rI

rEav;NrdKUrS A[dpk nf OD;bOD;ESihf trsKd;om;ausmif;tkyBf uD; OD;&mZwfwYkd \ BudK;yrf;rIaMumifh &efuek w
f uov
kd f
tmPmydkifrsm;onf txufArmEkdifiHNrdKUawmfjzpfaom rEav;NrdKUwGif e,fcsJUtpkd;&\ cGifhjyKcsuft& tifwmrD'D&dwf
(0g) ref;Oypmaumvdyfudk 1925 ckESpfwGif zGifhay;cJhonf/ xkdpOfu ref;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm;rSm a[mif;EGrf;
EkHcsm pkwfjywfNyD; rdk;GmvQif wpdrfhpdrfh,dkwwfaom taqmuftODav; xD;aqmif;NyD; oifwef;rsm; wufcJh&onf/
a[mif;EGrf; ,dk,Gif;aeaom rsufESmusufrS t*Fawrsm; uGmusvQifvnf; acgif;ay:usrnfpdk; &ifwxdwfxdwfESifh
owdxm;NyD; pmoifcJh&onf/ odkYaomf ausmif;tkyfBuD; at'DrmS,frSm ausmom;&ifom;rcGJjcm;bJ tm;vHk;ajyjypfpGm
qufqHonf/ aiGaMu;rzlvHkaom ausmif;om;rsm;udkvnf; jzpfonfhenf;jzifh tultnDay;onf/ xdktcsufudk
&efuek af umvdyf ausmif;tkyBf uD; rpwm'Da*spavmhonf rauseyfay/ xdYkaMumifh rpwm'Da*spavmhrmS rpwmat'DrmS,f
ausmif;tkyfBuD; tjzpfrS jzKwf&eftwGuf rEav; Oypmaumvdyfudk ydwf&ef qD;edwfodkYwif qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/
39
&efukefwuokdvfrS AsLdku&uf rsufESmjzLq&mBuD;rsm;uvnf; rpwmpavmh ausmif;ydwfrnfh tqkdudk oabmwlMu
onf/
ref;Oypmaumvdyfudk tNyD;tydkifydwfypfrnf[k qHk;jzwfcsufaMumifh 1928 wGif ref;Oypmaumvdyf 1920
yxrausmif;om;oydwfuJhodkY oydwfarSmufvkrcef; jzpfoGm;onf/
rEav;NrdKU rif;wkdifyiftrwf A[kdpnf OD;bOD;onf &efukefSdaepOf ref;Oypmaumvdyfydwf&ef qHk;jzwfcsuf
csvdkufaom qD;edwftpnf;ta0;NyD;qHk;onfESifh wNydKifeuf OD;bOD;onf &efukef ol&d,owif;pmrSae ref;Oypm
aumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm; Nidrrf aebJ oydwaf rSmufMu&ef Ed;I aqmfvu
kd o
f nf/ xdt
k csdef ref;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;
rsm;or*vnf; rSdao;ay/ EkdifiHa&; pdwf0ifpm;jcif;vnf; rSdao;ay/ trnfrazmfbJ OD;bOD;\ vIHYaqmfrIaMumifh
&efukef qD;edwftpnf;ta0;NyD;qHk;onfh aemufwaeYrSmyif OypmaumvdyfrSausmif;om;rsm; rdrdwdkY zmodzmomae
rjzpfrSef; odvmMuNyD; pkHk;pkHk;jzpfvmMuonf/ rD;cJjymzHk;yrm olwkdY&ifwGif; udef;atmif;aeaom ZmwdrmefwkdY yGifhxGuf
vmMuonf/ xdktcgausmif;tkyfBuD; rpwmat'DrmS,fu ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol udkcifarmifuav;
(aemif zqyv0efBuD; Adkvfcifarmifuav;) tm; ]q&mu wuov
kd t
f rIxrf;jzpfvhkd 'Dupd r mS ygvhkd rjzpfb;l / rif;wku
hd pd
jzpfw,f/ tvsOf;oifUovdk MunfUaqmifGufMu/ ref;Oypmaumvdyfydwf&if q&m &efukefrjyefawmUbl;/ q&mU NrdKYudkbJ
q&mjyefawmUr,f} [k ajymonf/
ref;Oypmaumvdyf q&mBuD;rpwmrmS,f cGifhoGm;wkdif; udk,fpm;vS,f ausmif;tkyfBuD; vkyfaom ocFsm
uxdu q&mBuD; OD;vSazmfOD;uvnf; aemufuG,fuae tultnDay;rnf[k ajymMum;cJhonf/ ygVdq&m OD;vSatmif
uvnf; xdkodkY ajymonf/ ausmif;q&mtm;vHk; ausmif;om;rsm;vkyfrnfh tpDtpOfudk taESmuft,Sufray;acs/
xkdYaemuf q&mBuD; OD;vSazmfOD;onf pufbD;wpD;ESifh NrdKUrd? NrdKUz? ausmif;om;rdbrsm;xHoGm; tultnD
ay;&ef wdkufwGef;onf/ trsKd;om;ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD; OD;&mZwftdrfodkY oGm;a&mufvnf; q&mBuD; (2) OD; ausmif;
om;rsm; ta&; aqG;aEG;Muonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tpnf;ta0; usif;yaomtcg tqdkwifoGif;&ef t*Fvdyfpmjzifh
q&m (2) OD; a&;om;oDuHk; ay;onf/
ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; q&mrdbrsm;ESifhwuG rEav;NrdKUrS &[ef;awmftSifjrwfrsm;xH csO;f uyfMuonf/
xdt
k cg rEav;NrdKU? tdraf wmf&m (14) cef; Z&yfBuD; NrdKUvH;k uRwf tpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/ ref;Oypmaumvdyf
rydwfa&; tqkdudk ausmif;om;rsm;u &J&JawmufwifoGif;NyD; if;tqdkudk &efukefwuodkvf rvdkufavsmvsif aSUodkY
wvSrf;wufrnf[k &mZoHay;vdkufonf/
e,fcsJUNAdwdoQ AsLdku&uftpkd;&onf 1920 ausmif;om;rsm;oydwfuJhodkY jzpfoGm;rnfpkd; ausmif;om;rsm;
vdv
k m;csufukd tjrefq;kH vdu
k af vsmcJo
h nf/ odYk ref;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm; qEjy&m (14) cef;? tdraf wmf&m
Z&yfBuD;rSm aemifwGif OD;ausmfNidrf;? Adkvfcifarmifuav;? OD;vSarmif? OD;odef;azjrifh? OD;odef;atmifwkdY\ EkdifiHa&;
oaEwnf&m XmeBuD; wckjzpfcJhonf/
40
udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1930 rS 1931 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif
tcef; (4)
udv
k ekd aD cwfaESmif;ydik ;f
e,fcsUJ qefu
Y siaf &; vGwv
f yfa&;BuKd ;yrf;rI trsKd ;om;a&;toGif
ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f
(1930 rS 1931)
(u) 1930 ckEpS Ef iS hf if;ESprf wkid rf D ausmif;om;rsm;tajctae

1930 rwkdifrD tajctaewGif ausmif;om;trsm;pkonf aumvdyfausmif;om;vIyfSm;rIwGif yg0ifcJhMuaomf
vnf; wuokdvftmPmydkifrsm;\ tajctaeudk aumif;pGm owdxm;ae&onf/ ausmif;om;topf (z&ufSm) rsm;udk
ygarmuESifh q&mrsm;\ enf;y&d,m,fudk aumif;pGmem;rvnf? wuodkvftajctaeudkvnf; oabmraygufaom
aMumifh q&mrsm;ESifh XmerSL;rsm; csay;aomyHkpHxJokdY a&mufSdMuonfu rsm;\/ ygarmutcsdKUESifh q&mrsm;onf
ausmif;om;rsm;udk pmoifcef;ESifh rnfodkY qGJaqmif&rnfudk aumif;pGmem;vnfMuonf/ ausmif;om;trsm;pkrSmvnf;
q&mrsm;udk twkcdk; q&mrsm;tay: pdwf0ifpm;MuNyD; ausmif;om;b0udk ydkrdkwyfrufvmMuonf/ q&mwdkY\ xl;
jcm;aom pdwfaepdwfxm;? t,ltq? pOf;pm;yHkpOf;pm;enf;rsm;udk tzGJUrsm; tpkrsm;zGJU avhvmMuonf/ odkYaomf
ausmif;om;trsm;pkrmS trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; Ak'b
momESihf Armh,Ofaus;rI xH;k wrf;pOfvmrsm; xdawGUvmaomaMumifh
wuov
kd af &mufaomtcg trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;rS atmifvmonfjzpfap? rpfiS [
f u
dk pf ul;ausmif;rsm;rS atmifvmonf
jzpfap? Ak'bmomtoif;rsm; zGJUpnf; Ak'bmomESifh vlrIa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ if;wdkYonf yHkrSeftm;jzifh
aTwd*Hkbk&m;odkY oGm;a&muf wHjrufvSnf;jcif;? 0wfjyKjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfayonf/ ausmif;om;tm;vHk;u xkdvkyfief;udk
wuf<upGm yg0ifcjhJ cif; r[kwaf y/ ausmif;om;tenf;pkrmS ,Ofaus;rIrhJ cJMh uonf/ if;tenf;pkrmS Oa&myEkid if rH sm;wGif
ausmif;aecJo
h rl sm;ESihf Oa&mywdu
k o
f m;rsm;? if;wkYd\ rdbrsm;rSm AsLdu
k &uf NrdKUjyt&mSrd sm;? wkwEf iS hf Oa&mywdu
k o
f m;
rsm; jzpfaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ trSefawmh xdkvlenf;pkrSm if;wkdYonf Oa&mywkdufom;vnf; r[kwf? Armvnf;
r[kwf? if;vlenf;pkrSm if;wkdY txJwGifom if;wkdYauseyfaeMuonf/
(c) wuo zGUJ pnf;jzpf&eftajctae

1930 ckESpf tpydkif;wGif wuodkvfausmif;om; trsm;pkrSm aysmfyGJTifyGJ tm;upm;NydKifyGJrsm;ESifhom wuodkvf
41
ausmif;om; b0jynfhpHkaeonf[k ,lqaeMuonf/ bGJU'D*&D&NyD;vQif tpdk;&tvkyf 0ifvkyf&efom pdwf0ifpm;Muonf/
odkYaomf trsKd;om;a&;pdwf"mwfrsm;onf wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm; twGif;odkY wkdif;jynfrS enf;rsKd;pHkjzifh 0ifa&mufvm
Muonf/ if;wdkYxJrS trsKd;om;a&; pdwf"mwfxufoefaom udkEk? udkApdef? udkav;armifwkdYonf wkdYArmtpnf;tHk;
pwif wnfaxmifcJh&m ocifbaomif; (udkbaomif;) ESifhtwl vnf;aumif;? ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&mvli,frsm;tzGJUcsKyf
zGJUpnf;&mvnf;aumif; qufoG,fyg0ifcJhMuNyD; if;wkdYrSm trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf wuodkvfrS EkdifiHa&;
jyifqifrItaejzifh tzGJUtpnf;wck zGJUpnf;vdkMuonf/
(*) &efuek w
f uov
dk af usmif;om;or* taqmuftODjzpfay:vmyHk
1926 ckESpftxd &efukefwuodkvfwGif ausmif;om;or*tzGJU rSdao;acs/ xdktcsdefu wuodkvft"dywd
qm[mukwb
f wfwvm (Sir Harcourt Butler G.C.I.E., I.C.S) \ arwm&yfccH sut
f & qefuek o
f nfEiS hf qefpufyikd f
Sif OD;ndKonf wuodkvfausmif;om;or* jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf aiGusyf wodef;ckESpfaomif; (170000) udk 1926
wGif vSL'gef;cJhonf/ 1929 ckESpfwGif or*taqmuftODudk pwifaqmifvkyfcJh&m 1930 ckESpf aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&uf
rprD (3) vcefYtvdw
k iG f aqmufvyk Nf yD;pD;oGm;onf/ if;taqmuftODBuD;onf aemifwcsdew
f iG f e,fcsJUtpd;k & qefYusif
a&;XmecsKyfjzpfcJhvQif e,fcsJUu aqmufcGifhay;rnfr[kwf/ OD;ndKvnf; a'gufwmbGJU r&awmhay/ or*taqmuftOD
aqmufvyk Nf yD;pD;aomtcg ausmif;tkyBf uD; rpwmpavmh (D.J Sloss) onf ,leAD mpDwu
D Rrf;bm; tm;upm;Hak b;em;
Sd jrufcif;jyif vufbuf&nfyjJG zif{h nfch NH yD; OD;ndKtm; *kPx
f ;l aqmifa'gufwmbGUJ tyfEiS ;f onfh tcrf;tem;[kajymvdu
k f
onf/ OD;ndKrSm aiGtSdeft0gjzifh a'gufwmbGJU &oGm;onf/ a'gufwmOD;ndK (K.S.M, L.L.D) jzpfoGm;avonf/
Photo: Kyaw Zaw (OwaY)
1930 ckEpS w
f iG f Ny;D pD;onfU olaX;OD;ndK vSL'ge;f cJah om &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;or* taqmuftOD
(C) &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;or* (wuo) pwifjzpfay:vmjcif;
wuov
kd t
f "dywd a'gufwma*spavmhrmS NAdwo
d QMoZm vTr;f rd;k cH&qH;k olwOD;jzpfonf/ if;\oabmxm;rSm
wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm; pmoif bGJU ('D*&D) &NyD;aomtcg NAdwdoQtpdk;&\ Xmetvkyfrsm;wGif vnf;aumif;?
tdEd,tpkd;&\ Xmetvkyfrsm;wGif vnf;aumif;? NAdwdoQtifyg,m\ &JwyfzGJUwGif vnf;aumif;? tdEd,tpdk;&\
opfawmESifh ynma&;XmewGif vnf;aumif; paom tvkyfrsm;om 0ifvkyf&ef vdkvm;onf/ odkYaomf xdkae&mrsm;
ArmtrsKd;om;rsm; twGuf ae&mtenf;i,fom &SdNyD; tvkyfvkyf&ef pdwfxufoefaom vli,frsm; NydKifqdkifaeMu
42
rSwfcsuf- or*taqmuftODudk a'gufwmOD;ndK (K.S.M., L.L.D.) u vSL'gef;NyD; 1927 ck? 'DZifbm (5) &ufaeYwGif wuodkvft"dywd
Armjynfbk&ifcH qm[mukwfbwfwvm (G.C.I.E., K.C.S., I.C.S.) u tkwfjrpfcsonf/

&onf/ xdktajctaeaMumifh ArmtrsKd;om;rsm;rSm aus;Gmrsm; q&mtvkyfom&Sdonf/
xdo
k Ykd tajctaersm; trsKd;om;a&;pdw"f mwfjyif;xefaom udEk ?k udAk pde?f udak v;armifwYdk \ vIyf mS ;rIaMumifh
vnf;aumif;? or*tzGJUjzpfay:ap&ef or*taqmuftODNyD;onfhaemuf 1930 pufwifbmvqef;wGif wuodkvf
ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; tcsif;csif; aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;aqmifrsm; ausmif;aqmifae ausmif;om;rsm; tpnf;ta0;?
aeYausmif;om;rsm; NrdKUxJwGif tpnf;ta0;usif;yum if;tpnf;ta0;rsm;\ wnDwGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfcsuft&
1930 pufwifbmv? (12) &uf? aomMumaeY udkausmfcif (0dZmodyH)? udkwifhaqG (0dZm)? udkb*srf; (*syfqif) wkdY
onf wuodkvft"dywdudk,fpm; w&m;olBuD; OD;btm; oGm;a&mufawGUqHk or*zGJUpnf;&ef? zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;a&;
qGJa&; twGuf aumfrwDzGJUcGifh&&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/
xdkYaemuf AmpDwDESifh ,k'oefausmif;om;rsm;pkaygif;NyD; 1930 pufwifbmv (20) &uf? paeaeYwGif
ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;BuD;udk wuodkvf tm;upm;HkopfBuD;wGif usif;ycJhonf/ if;tpnf;ta0;rS &efukef
wuov
dk af usmif;om;rsm;or* pnf;rsOf;a&;qGaJ &;aumfrwD zGUJ pnf;cJo
h nf/ udak usmfcif (0dZm ody)H u obmywdtjzpf
aqmifGufonf/
xdkYaemuf 1930 pufwifbmv (20) &uf? paeaeYwGif ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsuft&(1) ausmif;om;xkqEjzifh trIaqmifaumfrwD aG;aumufwifajrmuf&ef
(2) wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*\ zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;Oya'a&;qGJ&ef
(3) trIaqmifaumfrwD aG;aumufwifajrmuf&efwdkY jzpfonf/
pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&; aumfrwDtzGJYrSm
(1) udkausmfcif
Ou|
(2) udkb*srf;
twGif;a&;rSL;
(3) udkausmfodef;
(4) udkwifhaqG
(5) udkxGef;wif
(6) udkbodef;
(7) udk&mSpf
(8) udkarmiftkef;
(9) rpwm yumqif
(10) udkpHazmfatmif
(11) udkbaz
(12) udkarmifGefY wdkYyg0ifavonf/
if;tzGUJ onf Ek0d ifbmv (24) &ufaeYwiG f pnf;rsO;f a&;qGNJ yD; tpD&ifcpH mudk ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;odYk
rwifjyrD wuodkvfaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;xHrS rSwfcsufESifh a0zefcsufrsm; awmif;cHcJhonf/
1930 'DZifbm (17) &ufwGif qmb*srif tdyfcsf [Dvf (Sir Benjamin H. Heald Kt, M.A., I.C.S) u
aumfrwDu,
kd pf m;vS,Ef iS hf ausmif;tkyBf uD;rsm;tm; tpnf;ta0;w&yfjyKvky
f ajymif;vJ&ef wifjyavonf/ wuov
kd f
tmPmydkifrsm;onf or*pnf;rsOf;udk atmufpzdkYpf or*twkdif; jzpfvdkonf/ 1931 ckESpf? Zefe0g&D (9) &ufwGif
ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; udo
k ed ;f armif (*syfqif) u obmywdtjzpf aqmifu
G
f rlMurf;udk oabmwlncD o
hJ nf/
if;tzGJUtpnf;u (9) OD;ygaom tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUudk aG;cs,fwifajrmufcJhonf/ if;wkdYrSm(1) udkausmfcif
(2) udk&mSpf
(3) udkxGef;wif
(4) udkbaz
(5) rpwm yumqif
(6) udkausmf'if
(7) udkodef;armif
(8) udkpHazmfatmif
(9) udkApdef wkdYjzpfonf/
43
if;trIaqmifaumfrwDonf or*taqmuftODEiS hf yufoufaomudp& yfrsm;? or*u,
kd pf m;aqmifu
G cf iG ?hf
pnf;rsOf;Oya' rlacsma&;qGJa&;ESifh wuodkvftmPmydkifrsm;ESifh aphpyfaqG;aEG;&ef tcGifhtmPmSdvmonf/
or*ESifhwuodkvftmPmydkifMum; oabmxm;uGJvGJaom t"dutcsufrSm wuodkvfausmif;om;a[mif;
rsm;ESihf bJUG &ausmif;om;rsm;tm; or*tzGUJ 0iftjzpf vufc&H ef udpj zpfonf/ wuov
kd t
f mPmydik f wuov
kd af umifprD S
wifjyaom if;tcsufrmS or*pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESihf qefYusifaMumif; or*u wifjyaomfvnf; wuov
kd t
f mPmydik rf sm;
u oabmrwlay/ okdYaomf tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm aqG;aEG; 0wfvHkawmf& OD;pkd;GefY (M.A, M.L.C) ESifh wuodkvf
aumifpD trIaqmifvlBuD;tcsKdU tultnDay; 'k-t"dywdu vufcHNyD; zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf; tacsmudpr Sm ajyvnfoGm;
avonf/
1931 ckESpf? azazmf0g&D (27) &ufwGif usif;yaom or*tvkyftrIaqmifESifh wuodkvftmPmydkifwdkY
oabmwlncD suf jyifqifcsurf sm;udk vufct
H wnfjyKvku
d o
f nf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28) &uf? eHeuf (11) em&DwiG f pnf;rsO;f
tm; twnfjyKvdkufaomtcg zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;Oya'onf twnfjzpfvmonf/ wuo taqmuftODudk q&mBuD;
ygarmu OD;azarmifwifu &efukefwuokdvfausmif;om;or* Ou| udkausmfcifxH vTJtyfay;vkdufonf/
(i) pnf;rsO;f a&;qGaJ &;tzGUJ \ oabmxm;

pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;tzGJU\ ajymMum;csufrSm]ausmif;om;rsm;tay: vHk;0BudK;udkifydkifcGifUonf pnf;rsOf;Oya'\ aomUcsufyifjzpfaMumif;? tem*wf Arm
Ekid if o
H m;wk\
hd ud,
k pf m;vS,jf zpfonfEiS t
Uf nD wuov
dk af usmif;om;rsm;tm; Ekid if aH wmftusK;d xrf;Guaf p&ef? vGwv
f yfa&;
pdwf"mwf oGif;ay;&efESifh wm0efodpdwf"mwfrsm; zefwD;ay;&ef BudK;yrf;oGm;rnf jzpfaMumif;/
wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;tm; vlrIa&;vkyfief;rsm; pDpOfay;jcif;? rdwfqufawGYqHkyGJrsm; pDpOfay;jcif;?
pm;aomufqkdifrsm; xm;Sdjcif;? upm;ckefpm; pnf;Hk;jcif;rsm; vkyfaqmif pnf;Hk;jcif;? ydkta&;BuD;aom trsKd;om;a&;
pdw"f mwfoiG ;f ay;jcif;ESiUf vlaY vmu0ifa&mufaomtcg ud,
k af &;ud,
k w
f mqkid &f m b0wavQmufv;kH twGuf jynfpU akH p&ef
jzpfonf/
or*wckonf vGwv
f yfpmG awG;awmMuq
H jcif;ESiUf vGwv
f yfpmG xkwaf zmfajymqdak &;om;a&;twGuf &yfwnf
aeNyD; ausmif;om;vli,fwkdhonf EkdifiH\tem*wfudk ydkifqkdifaeonfomru if;wdkh\ pdwf"mwfonf trsKd;om;a&;ESifU
rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf tajccHyifjzpfonf} [k yg&Sdonf/
(p) 1931 wuor*Zif;

1931 ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvwGif EkdifiHa&;vIyfSm;rI OD;aqmifyg0ifaom ausmif;om;rsm;OD;aqmif ]wuodkvf
ausmif;om;rsm;r*Zif;} wapmifxw
k af 0cJo
h nf/ xkrd *Zif;onf Ekid if aH &;vIyf mS ;aom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf wku
d yf 0JG if
vufeufaumif; wck jzpfvmonf/
]"m;oGm;xuf? uavmifoGm;xufonf} [laom aqmifyk'fudk trdt&,l uavmifwkdufyGJ 0ifcJhMuonf/
(q) 1931 ck aemufyikd ;f o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;

1931 ck aemufyikd ;f wGif &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*rS OD;aqmif ausmif;aqmifrsm; o[m,ESihf
pmzwftoif; a[majymyGJrsm; jyKvkyfvmMuonf/ if;a[majymyGJrsm; wdkYArmoDcsif; oDqkd&ef vIHYaqmfvmjcif;ESifh
NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf pnf;Hk;vIHYaqmfrIrsm; jzpfvmMuaomtcg wuodkvf
ausmif;tkyfBuD;onf xkda[majymyGJrsm;udk ydwfyifvkdonf/
yxrOD;pGm q&mrsm;tm; ausmif;om;rsm;\ tpnf;ta0;ESifh a[majymyGJrsm; rwufa&muf&efESifh 0ifa&muf
a[majymjcif; rjyKvyk &f ef wm;jrpfco
hJ nf/ xkt
d cg bmomjyefq&m udb
k aomif; (ocifbaomif;) rSm qufvufyg0ifae
udb
k aomif;udk tcsdeyf ikd ;f enf;jyq&mtjzpf uefxdu
k f wESpfjynfhaomtcg q&mtjzpfrS &yfpJvkdufavonf/
44
(Z) udAk pdeEf iS hf wuov

dk af jrvIy&f mS ;rI
Photo: Year 1300
ocifApdef
wuov
kd af usmif;om; udAk pdeo
f nf ausmif;pmoifcef;rsm; q&mrsm; trnf
ac:vQif ]y&JqifUqm} "Present Sir" [k ausmif;om;tm;vH;k u xl;aeMuonfukd
udkApdefu xkdodkYrxl;bJ ]a&mufygNyDcifAsm;}[k udkApdefu yxrOD;qHk; xl;cJhonf/
taqmifo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;wGifvnf; udkApdefonf tjcm;aom udkb
aomif; (enf;jy) wdkYESifh wGJ trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;ESifh e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; w&m;
rsm;a[m &efukefwuokdvfrS ,k'oefaumvdyfodkY ajymif;aTUcH&onf/ q&m OD;az
armifwifonf udAk pdeEf iS hf udb
k aomif;wkYd \ Ekid if aH &;vIyf mS ;rIukd tm;ay;cJo
h nf/
odkYaomf udkApdefonf ,k'oefaumvdyfodkY a&mufaomfvnf; q&mpH
awmfvSefa&;ESifh yufoufaom axmufcHcsufrsm;? rSefuefaMumif; aMunmcsufrsm;?
t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUtm; qufvufawmfvSef&ef vkyfaqmif&rnf[k aMunmcsufrsm;udk
jzefYcsdcJhjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? &efukefwuokdvfrS ajymif;aTUvdkufaom udkApdef
udk ,k'oefaumvdyfrS ausmif;xkwfypf vdkufonf/
(ps) &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;or*vyI &f mS ;rIEiS hf wdAYk rmoDcsi;f
wuokdvfausmif;(enf;jy) ocifbaomif;onf wdkYArmoDcsif;udk wuodkvfajrwGif ysHUESHY&eftwGufvnf;
aumif;? wuokdvfajr wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;ESifh ocifvli,frsm; MoZmysHUESHY&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? ocFsmenf;jy (aemif
Oya'? yxrESp)f ausmif;om; udx
k eG ;f pde?f oxHak qmifraS usmif;q&m jrefrmpm r[m0dZm bGUJ & OD;GeYf ? Oya'ausmif;om;
udkEkwkdYESifh wkdifyif 1930 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (19) &uf? paeaeYn oxHkaqmifo[m,ESifh pmzwfcef; yxrqHk;
oDqdkMuonf/ yJcl;aqmifrS udkav;armif? yk*HaqmifrS ausmif;om; udkApdefESifh ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;? oxHkaqmifrS
ausmif;om;rsm; cef;vH;k jynfh wufa&mufMuonf/ taqmifrLS ; ygarmu OD;azarmifwifuvnf; oDqcdk iG jhf yKvdu
k o
f nf/
xkdoDcsif; udpj zpfNyD; rMumrD udkav;armifESifh udkApdefwdkYrSm ausmif;om;b0xJrS yxrOD;qHk;aom ocifbJGUudk cH,loGm;
aom vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI ocifacgif;aqmifrsm; jzpfvmonf/ if;wdkYArmoDcsif; wuodkvfausmif;rS xkwfa0aom
wuokdvfr*Zif;wGif t*FvdyfArm (2) bmomjzifh azmfjycJhonf/ wkdYArmoDcsif;udk 0dkiftrfbDat ocifwifu a&;pyf
ocifvSabmfESifh ocifbaomif;wkdYu ulnDcJhonf/
wkAhd rmoDcsi;f (0g) wdAhk rmur0g

waumif;tbd&mZm? 'dkYArm omuDrsKd;[mrdkY rndK;*kPfawZm? ,dk;',m;eJY ukvm;udkyg? wkdufcdkufum
atmifcJhwm 'dkYArm? pdefrSefuif;tppf tjzpfBuD;jzpfvsuf xif;wvSnfhMuHK&? xHk;ESifhraoG?
avmu"rwmay- igwdkYuHac? jzpf&jyefoav? odkYaomf t&if;udkppfvQif Armajy? ig'dkY ig'dkYajy/
aemifO'gef; b,fraMup&m &mZ0ifwifxm;? rsKd;dk;EG,fvm? urmwcGifrSmjzifh ArmtxiftSm;?
'dkYacwfwGifrS nHhMuawmhrSmvm;? 'dkYArm/
'dkYArm r[kwfavovm;/ ('dkhArm? ig'kdUArm) ('dkhArm? ig'kdYArm) ('g-ig'kdYArm) ('g-ig'kdYArm)
(tm; . . . . . vHk; . . . . nDnD? a,musfm;bom; 'kdhArm aemufvmaemufom; &J&JArmyDyD Armajy?
'dkhArmbdkhyg? ocifusifUudkusifUMuyg? ocifrsKd;a[U 'dkhArm? rdk;atmufajrjyifrSm txufwef;pdwfeJh?
Zmr&DaoG; . . . . . 'kdhArm/)
(oHNydKif) urmraMu . . . . . ArmwawG ('g 'dkhajy? 'g 'dkhajr? 'g ig'dkhajy)3 ('dkhArm)2 ajy . . . . . udk
wdkif;&if;om; tukeftpif 'dkYajy? 'dkYrSwfxif? 'dkY0w&m;yif 'dkYArmocif/
trsKd;om;a&; BudK;yrf;Muyg? 'dkYArm a[h 'dkYArm/ aMomftrsKd;om;a&; BudK;yrf;Muyg? 'dkYArma[h 'dkYArm/
taSYuae0ef;xGufonfhyrmy- 'kdYacwfudk a&muf&rnfrSm rvGJyg- 'dkYArm-a[h 'kdYArm/ Armjynfw0Srf;
tukef? 'dkYtdrfrSwfyg? wdkY,mrSwfyg? tJ'g 'kdYArm/
(oHNydKif jyefaumuf)
45
(n) &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* yxrOD;qH;k OuX udx
k eG ;f pdef
1931 Zefe0g&D (9) &ufaeY ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;\ qHk;jzwfcsuft& ,m,Dor* Ou|tjzpf
udkausmfcifudk aG;aumufwifajrmuf trIaqmifaG;aumufyGJBuD;Muyf&efESifh ,m,DtrIaqmif tzGJUi,fav;rsm;
zGJYpnf;ay;vkdufonf/ xkdtzGJUi,fav;rsm;onf or*pnf;rsOf;Oya'a&;qGJNyD; xkwfa0&efESifh ausmif;om;or*
aG;aumufyGJBuD;Muyf&efyg wm0ef vTJay;vkdufonf/ xdktzGJUav;\ oufwrf;rSm av;vausmfomMumcJhonf/
1931-32 pmoifESpf or*tpnf;ta0;rS wuokdvfocFsmXmerS EkwfxGuf yxrESpf Oya'oifwef;
wufa&muf oifMum;aeaom ausmif;om; udkxGef;pdef\ ajymyHkqdkyHk? owdSdyHkrsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm; txifBuD;Mu\/
udkxGef;pdeftm; ausmif;om;or* Ou| tqifhtwef;ESifh oifhawmfoljzpf udkApdefu udkxGef;pdeftm; Ou| tqdk
wifoiG ;f vku
d o
f nf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif aG;aumufyBJG uD;Muyfa&;aumfrwD Ou| udak usmfcifu aG;aumufyJG usif;yrnfh
aeY&ufudk wvcefYcGm owfrSwfvdkufonf/ a&;qGJNyD;jzpfaom pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;ukd wifBudKa0iSNyD;aemuf
,m,DtrIaqmifaumfrwDonf or*taqmuftOD tpnf;ta0; ac:,lcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
(#) udx
k eG ;f pdeEf iS hf trsK;d om;pdwf
Source: Oway Magazines
udx
k eG ;f pderf mS 1924 wGif (10) wef; pmar;yGaJ tmifNyD; &cdik jf ynfe,f oHwNJG rdKUrS
&efukefwuodkvfodkY ynmoifMum;&ef oabFmjzifhxGufvmonf/ atmufzuf
ukef;ywfwGif wkdif;&if;om;c&D;onfrsm; jynfhESufae ]Oa&mywdkufom;rsm;
twGufom} [k a&;xm;aom txufwef;ukef;ywfwGif avaumif;avoefY&&ef
udkxGef;pdef wufoGm;onf/ pdwfxJvnf; ]vlacsmifwJh txufwef;ukef;ywfrSm
'if;wdkYawGu ZdrfcHNyD; pD;eif;vdkufyg Muw,f/ wkdif;&if;om;awGuawmh atmufrSm
ig;yd? ig;csOfodyfxm;ovkdeJY vkdufyg&w,f}} awmufwcsufacgufNyD;rS ]]'if;wkdh
Armjynfudk tjrwfxkwfHkru wdkif;&if;om;awG tGefhyg csdK;Muao;w,f?
olwdkheJh rwlrwefovdk xm;Muw,f? bm&rvJ 'DoabFmtay:u rsufESmjzLawGudk
ightaMumif; jy&ao;wmaygh} ukdxGef;pdefonf Oa&mywkdufom;rsm;om[kqkdaom
ukef;ywfwGif tdyf,mvdyfudk cyfwnfwnfESifh jzefYcif;NyD; vJavsmif;vdkufygvm
onf/ xdktcg rsufESmjzL yxrt&mSd (Chief Officer) a&mufvmNyD; ]]rif;wkdY
udx
k eG ;f pdef
Armwdkif;&if;om;awG jzpfw,f? rif;rodbl;vm; 'Dae&mu csufjcif; qif;prf;}}[k
udkxGef;pdefudk ESifcsonf/ udkxGef;pdefu ]]Armwkdif;&if;om;awGeJY Oa&mywkdufom;awGu vlawGcsnf; r[kwfvm;?
olwdkY ydkufqHay;pD;ovkd usaemfwkdYvnf; ydkufqH ay;pD;wmyJ}} xdktcgrsufESmjzKu ]]rif;SnfSnfa0;a0; ajymraeeJY
rqif;&if 'Duaeiguefcsvdkufr,f}} [k a'golykefxNyD; tdyf,may:vSJaeaom udkxGef;pdefudk nmajcjzifhuef&ef [efjyif
vku
d af omtcg udx
k eG ;f pdeu
f kww
f &ufrwfwyf&yfNyD; &ifbwfxrJ S (6) vufr armif;cs"m;udk xkwu
f m ]]udik ;f rif;uef
wmeJY rif;udik g"m;eJY xk;d r,f? uef&&J if uefMunfah v}} rsufEmS jzLt&mSd aMumufvefYpmG xGuo
f mG ;NyD; cPMumaomtcg
oabFmuywdef aoewfjzifh vkdufvmonf/
]]rif;rqif;&if aoewfeJYypfr,f/ bmrSwfvdkYvJ ig'DoabFmrSm ypfowfEkdifwJh tmPmSdw,f}} xdktcg
udkxGef;pdef u ]]ypfowfEkdifwJh tmPmSd&ifvJ ypfav? cifAsm;ypfwmeJY usKyf"m;eJYxkd;r,f? olaoudk,faoaygh? usKyfwkdY
wkdif;&if;om;awGrSm ZmwdrmefSdw,f? cifAsm;wdkYqDrSmyJ Sdwmr[kwfbl;}} oabFmtxufwef; ukef;ywfwGif qlqlnHnH
jzpfae atmufwef;rS wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm; "m;rsm;udik u
f m wufvmMu rsufEmS jzLt&mSd (2) OD;rSm vufavQmh
oGm;onf/
ukdxGef;pdefonf 1926 tdkiftufpDpmar;yGJatmifNyD;aomtcg 1926-27 wGif jynfaqmifESifh yk*HaqmifodkY
ajymif;aTUoGm;onf/ udkxGef;pdefu ocifpkd;tm; t*Fvdyfpmjzifh a&;om;xm;aom EdkifiHa&;pmayrsm;udk oHvsiftdrfrS
,lvm jcifaxmifxw
J iG f twl Ekid if aH &;pmayrsm; avhvmMuonf/ 1928-29 wGif wuov
kd f ocFsmXmerS vufaxmuf
uxdu OD;um\ apwemt& ocsFmXmeenf;jyESifh taqmifenf;jy 0ifvkyfonf/ 1931 ckESpfwGif jynfaqmifESifh
waumif;aqmif aSUbufSd bDtkdpD tif*sifeD,maumvdyfq&mrsm; tyef;ajzpcef;wGif wuokdvfocFsmXme ,m,D
ygarmu rpwmvl;0pf trdeYf t& ocFsmenf;jyudx
k eG ;f pdeEf iS hf rpwmrwfwYkdonf tif*sief ,
D maumvdyw
f iG f enf;jywm0ef
46

xrf;aqmif&ef a&mufSdvmonf/ if;tcef;rSm q&mrsm;tyef;ajz tcef;jzpf vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aexdkifEkdifNyD;
wOD;udkwOD; av;av;pm;pm; ae&may;&ef rvdkay/ uxdu? ygarmuESifh ausmif;tkyfBuD;wkdYonf BudKufonfh
tcef;wGiG f BudKufovkd aexdik
f &if;ES;D pGm pum;ajymEkid o
f nf/ if;tcef;xJoYkd tif*sief ,
D mausmif;tkyBf uD; rpwmcs,&f D
0ifa&mufvmonfudk udkxGef;pdefESifh rpwmrwfwdkYrSm *krpdkufbJ pum;qufajymaeMuonf/
xkt
d cg rpwmcs,&f u
D ]]rif;wdYk b,fuaumifawGv}J } [k par;aomtcg udx
k eG ;f pdeu
f ]]usaemfwdkY ,leDAmpDwD
ocFsmXmeuyg? 'DaumvdyfrSm ocFsm tcsdefydkif;enf;jywm0ef xrf;aqmifzdkY ygarmuvl;0pf vTwfwmyg}} [k
&nfrGefpGm jyefajymvdkufonf/ xdktcg rsufESmjzL ausmif;tkyfBuD;u ]]rif;wkdY w,fkdif;wJhaumifawGyJ? ig tif*sifeD,m
aumvdyf ausmif;tkyfBuD;yJ? rpwmcs,f&Dqdkwm igyJ? 'Davmufawmifkdif;NyD; tkdtaoay;&rSef; rodwJhaumifawG
'Dtcef;xJu tckcsufjcif; xGufoGm;Mu}} udkxGef;pdefwkdY ESpfa,muf wkefvIyfroGm;ay/ udkxGef;pdefwdkY ESpfa,muf
rwkefrvIyf xkdifaeonf/ ausmif;tkyfBuD;udkvnf; tdktao ray;acs/ xkdtcgausmif;tkyfBuD;onf pdwfqkd;vmNyD;
olYvufESpfzufjzifh q&mESpfa,muf\ tusudk *kwfrSqGJudkifNyD; tjyifodkY qGJxkwfaomtcg udkxGef;pdefonf nmvuf
oD;udk uspfuspfygatmif qkwf ]]'g cifAsm; tarhvifaumvdyf r[kwfbl;? ArmEkdifiHaumvdyf? vmNyD;rapmfum;eJY}} [k
qku
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kd o
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d cg rpwmcs,&f D csmvywfvnf tcef;xJrS xGuaf jy;oGm;onf/
&efuek w
f uov
kd f bGUJ ESi;f obif taqmuftOD wnfaqmufaeaomtcg udx
k eG ;f pdeu
f ]]taqmuftODBuD;u
awmfawmfBuD;rm; cdkifcefYwmbJ? xkxnfBuD;u aumif;vkdufwm? aumif;rSmaygh? oHxnfawGBuD; oHk;xm;wmav?
yHyk ef;uvnf; Armrqefb;l ? taqmuftODuv
kd nf; olwYkdqu
D xGuw
f hJ oHxnfawGyJ oH;k w,f? ArmEkid if rH mS aqmufvyk Nf y;D
ArmrqefwJU taemufEdkifiH ,Ofaus;rItEkynm ]*gaoU} ZmwfHkBuD;eJYwlaeygvm; [k awG;rdaom udkxGef;pdefonf
t*FvdyfArm owif;pm (2) apmif t,f'DwmxHay;pmjzifh tjyif;txef a0zefvkdufonf/ xdktcg taqmuftOD
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wa,mufESpfa,mufu vGJ tm;vHk;eD;yg;rSm ausmif;tkyfBuD; tvkdawmf&drsm; r[kwfay/
1931 &efukefNrdKU (10) ESpfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeY usif;y&m ausmif;om;vli,frsm;? q&mrsm;?
0HomEkrsm;? ,leDAmpDwDausmif;om;rsm;? wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;rS ocifrsm;? udkApdef (ocifApdef)? ocifav;armif? udkxGef;
pdefwkdY pkpnf; yg0ifcJhonf/
(!) 1931 ckEpS f &efuek w

f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* yxrOD;qH;k trIaqmiftzGUJ
udkxGef;pdef
udkb*srf;
ukdxGef;wif
udkcspfwif
udkApdef
udkOD;wkwf
udkwifarmif
udkxGef;wif
q&mOD;vlaz0if;
Ou|
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
aiGxdef;
rSwfcsuf- wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;udk a&;om;&mwGif ]]wdkY}} ESifh ]]'dkY}} ESpfrsKd;vHk; oHk;onfudk awGU&onf/ odkYaomf rl&if;wHqdyfESifh
acgif;pD;pmwrf;wGif wdkYArm[k oHk;xm;onf/
ocifAwif\ 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHkrSwfwrf; (jr0wDyHkESdyfwdkuf)? pmrsufESm (15) atmufajcrSwfpkwGif
]]wdkYArmtpnf;tHk; ay:pwGif 'dkYArm[k ra&;om;bJ? wdkYArm[koma&;onf/}} [k azmfjyxm;onf/
,ckpmtkyfwGif wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;udk a&;om;vsif ]]wdkY}} [k oHk;oGm;rnf/ a<u;aMumfoHrsm;udk toHudk ,l a&;om;ojzifh
a<u;aMumfoHrsm;udk ]]'dkY}} ESifhom a&;om;azmfjyrnf/
ocifAwif\ 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHkrSwfwrf;? pmrsufESm (20) wGif wdkYArmoDcsif;tm; wdkYArmur0g[k azmfjyxm;onf/
50
wuo jzpfajrmufa&; ,m,DOu|

OD;ausmcf if B.Sc., B.L. (1930-31)
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* (,m,D) yxrqH;k Ou|jzpfonf/ &ckid t
f rsK;d om; wOD;jzpf oHwNJG rdKUwGif
zGm;jrifc\
hJ / oHwNJG rdKU tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif owrwef;txd ynmavhvm qnf;yl;cJo
h nf/ &efuek Nf rdKU
A[kt
d pd;k &txufwef;ausmif;odk ajymif;aTUynmqnf;yl;NyD;? 1925 ckEpS w
f iG f (10) wef; pmar;yGu
J kd atmifjrifchJ
onf/ &efuek w
f uov
kd w
f iG f qufvuf ynmoifMum;cJo
h nf/ 1929 ckEpS w
f iG f olaX;OD;ndKu or*taqmuftOD
aqmufvyk v
f LS 'gef;&m? 1930 ckEpS w
f iG f NyD;pD;cJ\
h / or*taqmuftOD Sad omfvnf; or*tzGUJ tpnf; rSjd zpfae
ojzifh OD;ausmfcifonf or* jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;rIwiG f acgif;aqmifco
hJ l wOD;jzpfonf/
or*tzGUJ tpnf; ray:aygufap&ef acsm?h ajrmuf? Ncdr;f ajcmufjcif;udk cHc&hJ \/ wuov
kd af usmif;om; ynmwwf
rsm;\ ]]rufvHk;}} jzpfaom tdEd, y#dnmOfcH0efxrf; tkdifpDtufpf &mxl;jzifh acsmhjrLjzm;a,mif;jcif; cHcJh&\/
OD;ausmcf ifum; r,dr;f ,dik ?f or*jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf acgif;rmpGm BuK;d yrf;cJo
h o
l m jzpfonf/ or*jzpfajrmufap&ef
&efuek w
f uov
kd f dS ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;onf yxrqH;k aqG;aEG;wkid yf ifc\
hJ / xdak qG;aEG;yGw
J iG f OD;ausmfcifonf
obmywdjzpf\/ or*pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;aumfrwDzGJUpnf;&ef wuodkvfudk,fpm; t"dywdESifh aqG;aEG;yGJwGif
ud,
k pf m;vS,o
f ;kH OD;teuf yg0ifow
l OD;vnf; jzpfayonf/
or*pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&; aumfrwDzGJUpnf;aomtcg OD;ausmfcifonf obmywdtjzpf wm0ef,l vkyfaqmif
cJ\
h / or*pnf;rsO;f a&;qGNJ yD;aemuf wuov
kd t
f yk cf sKyfa&;tzGEJ iS hf awGUqHak qG;aEG;yGw
J iG f ud,
k pf m;vS,f tjzpfjzifh
yg0ifcJhonf/ or*pnf;rsOf;udk twnfjyKaom 1931 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (9) &ufaeUwGif usif;yonfh
ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;rS? wuotrIaqmif (9) OD; aG;cs,faomtcg OD;ausmfcifonf wuo Ou|
jzpfvmcJah yonf/
1931 ckEpS w
f iG f Oya'oifwef;rsm;udk atmifjrifco
hJ nf/ rdrZd mwdNrKd Ujzpfaom oHwNJG rKd UwGif aSUaetjzpf vkyaf qmif&if;?
jrLeDpDy,ftzGJU0if? jrLeDpDy,fOu|tjzpf NrdKUjya&;&mrsm;udk aqmifGufcJhonf/ ppfNyD;acwf 1951 ckwGif
jynfoUl vTwaf wmftrwftjzpf &efatmifrq
J Ee,frS aG;aumuf wifajrmufjcif; cH&NyD;? qGpZf mvefjynf bef;NrdKU
usif;yaom urmhvTwfawmfrsm; nDvmcHokdY jrefrmukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJUudk acgif;aqmifum wufa&mufcJhzl;
avonf/ OD;ausmfcifonf ,ck &efuek Nf rKdUwGif vTwaf wmfaSUaetjzpf vkyaf qmifvsufadS yonf/
51
yxrqH;k wuoOu|
OD;xGe;f pdef B.Sc., B.L. (1931-32)
&efuek w
f uov
kd f ausmif;om;rsm;or*\ yxrOD;qH;k aG;aumufwifajrmufc&H aom Ou|jzpfonf/ &ckid jf ynf
oHwGJNrdKU Zmwd jzpfonf/ 1924 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuodkvfwGif pwifynmqnf;yl; 1928 ckwGif 0dZmodyH
bGUJ xl;udk qGwcf ;l cJah vonf/ 1931-32 ckEpS w
f iG f Oya'ynmrsm;udk avhvmqnf;yl;aepOf wuoOu|tjzpf
aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cHc&hJ oljzpfonf/
t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm; bkef;rD;aevawmufyonfh umvjzpf tpnf;ta0;yGJrsm;wGif? a*smhbk&ifrif;jrwf\
bke;f awmfbUJG rsm;udk oDqu
kd m tpnf;ta0; zGiv
fh pS cf MhJ u&\/ OD;xGe;f pdef wuoOu| jzpfvmaomtcg? a*smb
h &k if
bke;f awmfbUJG tpm; wdYk ArmtrsdK;om;oDcsif;jzifh zGiv
hf pS cf ahJ vonf/
wuov
kd f bGUJ ESi;f obifcef;ronf jrefrmrqef? wkwb
f &k m;ausmif;ESihf wlae jrefrmtrsK;d om; okyaf y:ap&ef
jcaoFh yk rf sm; xm;&ef awmif;qkcd \
hJ / wuov
kd t
f aqmuftODrsm;wGif t*Fvefjynfvyk f oHwcH g;rsm;udk oH;k rnfh
tpm;? jrefrmjynfjzpf opfom;wHcg;rsm;ukd toHk;jyK&efvnf; awmif;qdkcJhonf/
1931 ckEpS w
f iG f trsK;d om;atmifyaJG eU pwifusi;f y&m trsK;d om;atmifyaJG eUwGif a'gif;tvH (cGyaf 'gif;tvHr[kw)f
udk or*rS pwiftoH;k jyKcJ\
h / pD;u&ufoydwaf rSmufa&;wGif or*onf ArmEdik if v
H il ,frsm;tpnf;tH;k (,ck
Avp r[kwf)? wkdYArmtpnf;tHk;wdkYESifh yl;wGJ vkyfaqmifcJhonf/
OD;xGe;f pdeo
f nf or*Ou|tjzpf oufwrf;rukerf D Ekwx
f u
G o
f mG ;cJo
h nf/
wuorS xGufNyD;aemuf ausmif;q&mtjzpf vnf;aumif;? Oya'pmar;yGJ atmifjrifNyD;aemuf aSUaetjzpf
vnf;aumif; vkyaf qmifco
hJ nf/ *syefacwfwiG f cdik 0f eftjzpf Ekid if w
hH m0efudk xrf;aqmifc\
hJ / 'kw,
d urmppftNyD;
t*Fvdyfrsm; jyef0ifvmaomtcg OD;xGefpdeftm; axmif'Pf (25) ESpf tjypfay;cJh\/ (9) v ESifh (4) &uf
tMumwGif vGwaf jrmufco
hJ nf/ ,ck &efuek Nf rdKUwGif vTwaf wmfaSUaeBuD; wOD;tjzpf aqmifu
G v
f suf So
d nf/
52
udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1932 rS 1935 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsdK;om;a&;toGif
tcef; (5)
udv
e,fcsUJ qefu
Y siaf &; vGwv
f yfa&;BuKd ;yrf;rI trsK;d om;a&;toGif
(1932 rS 1935)
(u) 1932-33 wuov

1931-32 or*rS udkxGef;pdef EkwfxGufoGm; udkbdk;ul;rSm Ou|tjzpf ,SOfNydKifolrSdbJ taG;cH&onf/
xdktcsdefu udkvdkeD0g'usifhoHk;aom wuodkvftmPmydkif rsufESmjzLrsm;onf wuodkvfynma&;udk wwfEkdiforQ
oabmw&m;e,fy,frmS ydwaf vSmifxm;NyD; vufawGU tvSr;f a0;aponf/ wuov
kd yf nm? wuov
kd q
f &m? wuov
dk f
ausmif;om;rsm;udk wuov
dk yf &0Pfxw
J iG f jzpfEidk o
f rQuefYowfxm;NyD; jyifyvlxEk iS hf uif;Ekid o
f rQ tqufjzwfxm;&ef
BudK;pm;ygonf/
wuokdvfynmwwfrsm;udk vufaG;pifwpk? rdk;usaTudk,ftjzpf zefwD;NyD; jynfoltxuf tjrifhBuD;rSm
xm;&ef &nfG,fonf/ 1932 rS 1934 txd or* (wuo) Ou|rsm;onfvnf; wuorS wqifh trsKd;om;a&;
vIyf mS ;rIrsm; aqmifu
G Ef idk o
f nf[k r,HMk unfMubJ Sad eMuonf/ udak tmifjrifh (oHw)JG onf ]qm} rxl; ausmif;xkwf
cH&aom 'kwd,ajrmufausmif;om; jzpfvmonf/ if;onf if;epfemcsufrsm;twGuf aSUaersm;xH tMuHPf oGm;
awmif; w&m;H;k rS ausmif;xkwcf &H jcif; epfemrItwGuf &S&d ef awmif;qkrd I tay:wGiv
f nf; NAdwo
d Qe,fcsJU tpd;k &onf
if;tm; Oya't& xyfrH0efcHuwd jyKckdif;vdkufavonf/
odYk aomf ausmif;om;trsm;pkEiS hf jynfow
l YkdrmS udv
k ekd 0D g'\ tqdyk g wuov
kd yf nma&;ay:vpDukd qefYusi
f
wuodkvfynma&;wGif oabmw&m;ESifh vufawGUaygif;pyfrdatmif vufawGUtoHk;cs&atmif vIHYaqmfawmif;qkdae
Muonf/
q&mpHudk (ao'Pf) BudK;rdefYay;vdkufaomtcg q&mpHawmfvSefa&;udk axmufcHaom &efukefwuodkvf
ausmif;om;rsm;or*onf ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;ac:,lNyD; uefYuGufcJhonf/ if;tpnf;ta0;wGif NAdwdoQ
e,fcsJUtpdkd;&tm; jypfwifIwfcsNyD; acgif;aqmifBuD;q&mpHtm; (2) rdepf rwfwyf&yftav;jyKcJhonf/
odkYaomf 1932 ESpfukefydkif;wGif wuokdvf trsKd;om;awmfvSefa&; 'Da&usqif;aeonf/ trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;
wGif tdEd,ESifh wGJa&;cGJa&;jyemrsm; vTrf;rdk;aeonf/ bdvyfudk rsufESmpHknDtpnf;ta0;wufjcif;jzifh awmfvSef
53
aom vlxkEkdifiHa&;vIyfSm;rIudk tpm;xkd;aeonf/ wuodkvfy&0PfxJwGifvnf; ausmif;om;or*udk tvdkawmf&d
ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;aqmifaeonf/ rsuEf mS jzLtmPmydik rf sm;ESihf twku
d t
f cHjyKaom ausmif;om;rsm;rSm ab;a&muf
aeonf/
(c) udAk pdeEf iS hf wuov

udkApdef EkdifiHa&;t,ltq ydkrdkjyif;xefvmaomtcg wuowGif 1932-33 taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
wm0efxrf;aqmif&onf/
1932-33 wuotrIaqmiftzGJY
1/ udkpHazmfatmif
Ou|
2/ udkApdef
3/ udkatmifoef;
4/ udkxGef;atmif
5/ udk&mSpf
6/ udkcspf
7/ udkoufwif (udkodef;armif)
8/ udk[efaomf
9/ udkbwif wkdYjzpfonf/
udkpHazmfatmifESifh udkApdefwkdYonf wuorSae e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; pum;&nfvkyGJrsm; jyKvkyfay;onf/
tvdkawmf&d ausmif;om;rsm;xuf udkApdefonf ykdrdk or*vkyfief;rsm;ukd tav;xm;vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ &J&ifhaom
udAk pdeo
f nf e,fcsUJ qefYusiaf &; udpr sm;wGif aSUokYdwvSr;f NyD; wvSr;f wufvmonf/ wuov
dk f ausmif;tkyq
f &mBuD;\
MoZmrSm BuD;vSonf/ ausmif;om;wa,mufukd woufv;kH aumif;pm;oGm;&ef vkyaf y;Ekid o
f nf/ odYk e,fcsUJ vufuikd f
wkwfrsm; udk;uG,faecsdefwGif xkdtxJ udkApdef rygay/
udkApdefu
]tpOftvmtwkdif; oGm;ae&ifawmU Armjynf[m b,fawmUrQ uRefb0u vGwfrSmr[kwfbl;As}
EkdifiHa&;pdwf"mwf jyif;xefaom udkApdefudk *EDpdef[k olY&Jabmfrsm;u ac:onf/ udkApdefonf *EDBuD;udk
av;pm;jrwfEkd; acgif;ay:rS qHyifudk ajymifatmif Sif;vkdufonf/ wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;odkY yxrqHk;0ifa&mufcJhaom
wuov
dk af usmif;om; jzpfNyD; aemif wuov
kd af usmif;om; rSwyf w
kH ifpm&if;vnf; ocifApde[
f k ajymif;vJvu
kd o
f nf/
ausmif;ac:csdef udkApdef tvSnfha&mufaomtcg q&mu ocifApdef[k ac:aomtcg ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;u
0kdif;&,fMuonf/ xkdtcg ocifApdefu ]y&JZifq
U m} [k rxl;? ArmoH Arm[efjzifh ]a&mufygNyD cifAsm;} [kcyfus,fus,f
atmfxl;vkdufonf/ ocifApdefudk EkdifiHa&;vIyfSm;rIjzifh e,fcsJUpHkaxmufrsm;u vlqdk;pm&if;0ifatmif vkyfxm;NyD;
ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpwmpavmhonf udkApdefudk &efukefwuokdvfrS ausmif;xkwfvkdufonf/ wuokdvfwGif EkdifiHa&;
vIyfSm;rIjzifh yxrqHk; ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;wOD; jzpfonf/ taygif;toif;rsm;\ MunfhIapmifrrIjzifh
,k'oefaumvdyfwGif ausmif;jyefwufcGifh&onf/ 1934 ,k'oefaumvdyfwGif pmoifMum;pOf ynmoifMum;zdkYxuf
vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJ0if&ef pdwfvTrf;rdk;ae ausmif;rS xkwfcH&jyefonf/ q&mpHawmfvSefa&;ESifh ywfoufNyD; udkApdef
ESifhtwl udk&mSpfvJ wuokdvf vlodrsm;cJhonf/
(*) 1933-34 wuo trIaqmiftzGYJ

1/ udkodef;armif
2/ ukdausmfxGef;
3/ udkOD;wkwf
4/ udkvSarmif
5/ udkatmifwif
6/ Mr. Zorn Swingh
54
Ou|
twGif;a&;rSL;
'k-Ou|
or*r*Zif; t,f'Dwm
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
aygif;oif;qufqHa&;rSL;

7/ udkvSarmif
tm;upm;rSL;
8/ udkarmiftkef;
9/ udkcsrf;jr
10/ udkapmpdefuDG wdkYjzpfonf/
xdck Ek pS rf sm; wuov
kd f tvdak wmf&d ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;rS wqifh wuov
dk af usmif;om;rsm;or*ukd
trsKd;om;awmfvSefa&;ESifh uif;uGmatmif vkyfxm;Ekdifayonf/ urmGwfe,fajrudk 'kpdkufe,fajr[k owfrSwfNyD;
ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf (Out of Bound) wm;jrpfe,fajr vkyfxm;onf/ odkYaomftajctaeu wmSnfwnfwHh
r&ay/ wkYdArmtpnf;tH;k \ rD;yGm;onf awmrD;BuD;tjzpf ul;ajymif;vmaomtcg rD;'kwu
f ikd f ociftzGUJ tpnf;rSwqifh
vlxktzGJUtpnf;odkY ajymif;vJvmonf/ tdEd,ESifh cGJa&;wJGa&;? bdvyfrsufESmpHknD EkdifiHa&;vkyfief;rsm; arS;rSdefvmNyD;
e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? vlxv
k YHI aqmfa&;? vlxpk nf;a0;yG?J vlxq
k EjyyGrJ sm; aSUa&mufvmonf/ wuov
kd yf &0Pfvnf;
ocifaygufp? axmifajcmufv ausmif;om;
rD;'kwf
ausmif;om;
zsi?f yifeD
ausmif;om;
-rsm; ay:xGef;vmonf/ udkatmifqef;? udkausmfNidrf;? udkoD[ef? udkxGef;tkef;? udkvSaz? udkodef;az (odef;az
jrifh) wkdY tvdkawmf&drsm; vTrf;rdk;aeaom ausmif;om;or*rS acgif;aqmifrsm;udk qefYusifwdkufcdkufMuonf/ udkausmf
Nidrf;ESifh udkodef;azwdkYrSm ref;OypmaumvdyfrS a&mufvmonf/ udkausmfNidrf;? udkodef;azwdkYonf ref;Oypmaumvdyf
aepOf ref;Oypmaumvdyf ydwyf pf&ef qH;k jzwfcsuu
f kd twlvufwq
JG efYusicf o
hJ rl sm; jzpfonf/ if;wkYdEiS t
hf wl udck ifarmif
uav; (aemif 0efBuD;)? udkxGef;tHk? udkvSarmif (aemif oHtrwfBuD;) wkdYvnf; yg0ifonf/
(C) 1934-35 wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ ESihf udak usmNf ird ;f ? udEk ?k uko

d ed ;f az
trsKd;om;a&;Ekd;Mum;rIESifh EkdifiHa&;pdwf"mwfSdaom ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfonfh udkausmfNidrf;? ukdoD[ef? udkEk?
udktkef;? ukdodef;azwdkYonf 1934-35 wuo trIaqmifaG;yGJ0ifa&muf tvdkawmf&dausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ,SOfNydKif
taG;cHonf/ udak usmNf idr;f ESihf udo
k ed ;f azEdik
f udak tmifqef;ESihf udo
k [
D ef;IH oGm;onf/ udak usmNf idr;f rSm 0g'jzefYcsad &;udik f
or*jyefwrf;udk xkwfa0onf/ usefvlrsm;rSm tvkdawmf&drsm;jzpfonf/ if;or*jyefwrf;wGif q&mBuD;trnfjzifh
q&mjzpfoifaumvdyf wDwDpD oifwef;om; udkoef;xGef; (aemif ocifoef;xGef;) onf uavmif0ifa&;onf/ udk
ausmfNidr;f ESihf udo
k ef;xGe;f rSm ausmif;om;b0xJu oduRrf;cifrifNyD; aemufyikd ;f wGif udo
k ef;xGe;f ESihf udEk ?k udak tmifqef;
wkdY tuRrf;0ifoGm;onf/
wuoxJwGif ukdausmfNidrf;ESifh udkatmifqef;wkdY twdkuftcHvkyfrIaMumifh vnf;aumif;? trIaqmiftzGJUxJ
tjyif ausmif;om;xkMum;yg vGefpGmpnf;Hk;a&; ajcoGuf vnf;aumif;? tvdkawmf&drsm;ESifh udkausmfNidrf;wkdY rsm;pGm
wif;rmvmonf/ 'k-Ou| udkausmfxGef; tvkyf& ausmif;xGufoGm;aomtcg udkEkrSm 'k-Ou|tjzpf taG;cH&onf/
udkatmifjrifhESifhudkpdk;jrifhwdkYudk (Sir) rxl; ausmif;xkwfjcif;udpt
wGuf uefYuGuf&ef udkEku udkausmfNidrf;udk ausmif;
tkyfBuD;ESifh awGU&efvTwfvkdufonf/
(i) 1934-35 wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ

1/ udkzdk;at;
2/ udkausmfxGef; (aemif ukdEk)
3/ udkomxif
4/ udkodef;az
5/ udkausmfNidrf;
6/ udkeef;EG,f
7/ udkboef;
Ou|
'k-Ou|
(pmMunfhwkdufrSL;? odef;azjrifh)
(vlxkqufqHa&;ESifh 0g'jzefYcsda&;)
(t,f'Dwm? or*r*Zif;)
(aiGxdef;)
55
8/ udk0if;
9/ udkodrf;armif
(tm;upm;rSL;)
(pnf;Hk;a&;)
(p) 1935 ausmif;om; (11) a,muf ausmif;xkwcf &H onfu

h pd
1935 'DZifbm ausmif;ydw&f ufrwdik rf D ausmif;om; (11) a,muf pmar;yGu
J s rpwmpavmh (ausmif;tkyBf uD;)
u ausmif;xkwfvkdufonf/ r[kwfrcH ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfaom udkEk? udkausmfNidrf;? udkodef;az? udkbSrf;wkdYu
ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpwmpavmhESifh oGm;a&mufawGUqHkNyD;? ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGJusHkESifh ausmif;xkwfonfrSm rw&m;
aMumif;? if;wkdYrSm tusifhpm&dw aumif;rGef ausmif;pnf;urf; kdaoaMumif;? ausmif;tkyfBuD;tm; ausmif;om;rsm;
jyefvnf vufc&H ef Sif;jyaomfvnf; ausmif;tkyfBuD;u vufrcHay/ wuotaeESifh ta&;,l&ef BudK;pm;aomfvnf;
udak usmNf idr;f ? udEk ?k udo
k ed ;f az (3) a,mufomSNd yD; uset
f rsm;pkrmS tvkad wmf&rd sm;jzpfae ratmifjrifay/ udak usmNf idr;f rSm
acgif;iHkYrcHbJ &efukefNrdKUSd qmOD;oGifESifh EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk aTwd*HkapwD &ifjyifodkY zdwfac: ausmif;om;
ta&;ESihf wuov
dk q
f &mrsm;\ AsLdu
k &uf tusiq
hf ;dk rsm;udk bk&m;ukw
d idk w
f nf opmqkd Si;f jyonf/ wuov
dk t
f mPm
ydik rf sm; ausmif;om;rsm;vIyf mS ;rI tpjyKvmonfukd owdjyKrd raxhrjhJ rifrjyK&JMuawmhbJ &moufyef ausmif;xkwx
f m;
aom (11) a,mufudk (1) ESpo
f m y,f aemifEpS rf sm;wGif ausmif;qufwufciG ahf y;onf/ onfum; 1936 'kw,
d ausmif;
om;oydwf oaEwnfjcif; jzpfonf/
wuonf aemufydkif; e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; ausmif;om;rsm; vTrf;rdk;oGm;onf/ tjyifu awmfvSefa&;
acgif;aqmifrsm;udk wuodkvfacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh awGUxd&ef wuokdvfor* pifjrifhay:odkY zdwfac:onf/ ocifudk,f
awmfridI ;f udk wuov
kd o
f r*wiG f a[majym&ef zdwMf um;rnf[k udak usmNf idr;f ? udo
k ed ;f azwkYd tqkjd yKaomtcg tvdak wmf&d
ausmif;om;rsm;u uefYuGufMuonf/ OD;Owrudk w&m;a[m&ef zdwfMum;&mwGifvJ tvdkawmf&drsm;u twkduftcH
jyKMuonf/
OD;Owru
]rif;wkhd wuov
dk yf nma&;u bmtoH;k usvv
hdk ?J rD;jcpfqw
H acsmif;? qyfjymwcJ vkyEf idk zf hkd twwfynmay;wJ?h
ArmawG udk,fUtm;udk,fudk;jzpfatmif vkyfay;wJU pepfr[kwfbl;} [k a[majymcJhonf/
okkdYjzifh EkdifiHa&;Edk;Mum;rI rSdaom wuokdvfausmif;ESifh q&mrsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;ukd oD;oefYy&0PfxJ
aexkdifvdkrIrS trsKd;om;awmfvSefa&; tiftm;pkrsm;jzpfvm&ef udkEk? udkausmfNidrf;? ukdodef;azwkdYu BudK;pm;Mu\/
Armpmayudk tok;H jyK e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;vGwv
f yfa&;twGuf 0g'jzefYonf/ ArmpmaywGif e,fcsJUqefUusif
a&;ESifh vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJrsm; xif[yf&ef BudK;yrf;onf/ wuokdvfy&d0kPftwGif; wuodkvfr*Zif;? *Eavmu
pmapmifrsm;jzifh usufpm;HkrubJ jyifypme,fZif;rsm;wGifyg uavmifjzefYcJhMuonf/ '*kefr*Zif;u wuokdvfu@
w&yfzGifhvSpfay;NyD; jyifyavmuESifh tquftoG,f ausmif;om;rsm;\ wHcg;aygufjzpfvmonf/ us,fjyefYaom
vlxky&dowfESifh &ifqkdifawGUMuHKvm&onf/
kodkYjzifh wuokdvfynma&;pepfESifh wuokdvfausmif;om;rsm;onf y&d0Pfudkausmf jynfolvlxkxH
ta&muf csDwufrnf[k tcsufay;c&m rIwfvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/
56
OD;bdk;ul;
(1931-32)
or*Ou| OD;xGe;f pdef oufwrf;rukerf D Ekwx

f u
G o
f mG ;ojzif?h Ou|ae&mtwGuf Mum;jzwf aG;aumufyJG usi;f y
ay;&onf/ Mum;jzwfaG;aumufyGJwGif OD;bdk;ul;onf taG;cHcJh&jcif; jzpf\/
vufyHwef;NrKdU? ewfpifukef;GmwGif zGm;jrif ewfpifukef;Gm bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;? vufyHwef;NrKdU tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;? vufyw
H ef;NrKdU trsK;d om;ausmif;? oH;k cGNrKdU rufo'pfausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoifMum;cJo
h nf/
(10) wef; pmar;yGu
J kd 1927 ckEpS w
f iG f &efuek Nf rKUd uliS af usmif;rS ocFsm*kPx
f ;l ESihf atmifjrifco
hJ nf/ wuov
kd w
f iG f
qufvufynmoifMum;&m? Oypmtxufwef;udk wkdufdkufwufa&muf oifMum;cGifh &Sdoljzpf\/
1931 ckEpS w
f iG f v,form;olyek af cgif;aqmifBuD; q&mpHtm; NAdwo
d Qtpd;k &u ao'PftrdeYfay;cJ&h m? wuorS
ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;ac:NyD; uefYuu
G cf o
hJ nf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif NAdwo
d Qtpd;k &tm; jypfwifw
I cf sNyD;? acgif;
aqmifBuD;q&mpHtm; (2) rdepf rwfwwf&yf tav;jyKcJMh uavonf/
tdE,
d ESihf jrefrm cGaJ &;-wGaJ &;ESihf yufouf wuorS Ekid if aH &;acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;udk zdwaf c:um pum;&nfvyk JG
usi;f yay;cJ\
h / cGaJ &;bufrS OD;bab? OD;bpD? OD;xGe;f 0if;wdYku ajym? wGaJ &;bufrS a'gufwmbarmf? a'gufwm
b[ef? OD;ay:xGe;f wdYk u ajymqdk acsyMuavonf/
or*Ou|tjzpf aqmifGufaepOf OD;bdk;ul;tm; ausmif;xm;vQif aiGaMu;ukefusHkomjzpf ausmif;rS
Ekwo
f ifah Mumif;jzifh wuov
kd af usmif;tkyBf uD;u OD;bd;k ul;zcifxH pma&;Ncdr;f ajcmufjcif; cHc&hJ \/
OD;bd;k ul;onf wuov
kd rf x
S u
G Nf yD; wdYkArmtpnf;tH;k wGif yg0ifaqmifu
G cf o
hJ nf/ ,ck ppfbufuek pf nf jzefYcsd
a&;Xme trSwf (3) wGif refae*smtjzpf aqmifGufvsufSdonf/
rSwfcsuf - 1952 ckESpfxkwf? tkd;a0r*Zif; 'rwGJ? trSwf (5) wGif? OD;bkd;ul; Ou|tjzpf aqmifGufpOf
t,HktMunfrSd tqkdwifoGif;? OD;xGef;pdef Ou|tjzpf qufvufaqmifGufonf[k azmfjy
xm;jcif;rSm? rSm;,Gi;f vsuf o
dS nf/ 1931-32 ck Ou|tjzpf aqmifu
G cf o
hJ l um,uHiS rf sm;ESiw
hf uG
twGif;a&;rSL; jzpfcJhol ocifApdefwdkYtm; awGUqHkar;jref;&m? OD;xGef;pdef EkwfxGufNyD;? OD;bdk;ul;tm;
Ou|tjzpf ,SOfNydKifolrSd aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif;om jzpfaMumif;? t,HktMunfrSd tqdk
wifoiG ;f jcif; rSad Mumif; ajymjyMuygonf/
57
OD;pHazmfatmif
(1932-33)
M. A., B. L.
&ckdifjynf? ppfawGNrKdUZmwdjzpf rdbESpfyg;rSm OD;csefxGef;atmifESifh a':vSjrOD;jzpfonf/ 1924 ckESpfwGif

q,fwef;pmar;yGJatmifjrif? wuodkvfwGif ynmqufvufqnf;yl;cJhonf/ wuo pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;
aumfrwD tzGUJ 0ifwOD;jzpf 1932-33 ckwiG f wuoOu|tjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmufc&H jcif; jzpf\/
Ekid if aH &;todynm&ap&efEiS hf ausmif;om;rsm; pdw"f gwfwuf<uvmap&ef Ekid if aH &;acgif;aqmifrsm; a[majymyG?J
pum;&nfvyk rJG sm; usif;ycJ\
h /
OD;pHazmfatmifonf pwDb&m;om; 0ifukefxGufukefXme tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; (refae*sm) tjzpf ,ck aqmifGuf
vsuf Sdayonf/
OD;odef;armif B. A., B.L

(1933-34)
atmufcsi;f wGi;f cdik f rHk mG NrKUd wGif zGm;jrifonf/ 1929 ckEpS o

f nf wuov
kd yf nm pwif qnf;yl;cJah om ESpjf zpf\/
OD;ode;f armifonf &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* pnf;rsO;f a&;qGaJ &; aumfrwD0if wOD;jzpfonf/ wuo
pnf;rsOf;udk twnfjyKaom ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;wGif obmywdjzpf\/ 1932-33 ckwGif wuo
trIaqmiftjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH& tdrfwGif;upm;ckefpm;Xme wm0efcHtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmif
cJo
h nf/ 1933-34 ckwiG f wuoOu| jzpfonf/ wuov
kd o
f r* taqmuftOD aqmufvyk &f ef a'gufwmOD;ndK
vSL'gef;aomaiG ESpo
f ed ;f rS usefaiG 3 aomif;udk ausmif;tkyBf uD; 'Da*spavmhpu
f a&ul;uefvyk &f ef pDpOfjcif;udk
uefYuu
G cf o
hJ nf/ wuov
kd o
f r*pmMunfch ef;twGuf pmtkyrf sm;0,f&ef wifjyawmif;qdck o
hJ nf/
(wzufpmrsufEmS odUk - rSwcf suf)
58
OD;zdk;at;
B. Sc., (Hons/ Rgn.), B. L., (Rgn.), Ph D., (Lond.)
D. I. C., F. R. Met. Soe. (Lond.)
(1934-35)
om,m0wDcdik f oH;k q,fNrKUd wGif arG;zGm;onf/ yef;waemfNrKUd Ak'b

momausmif;rS owrwef;pmar;yGJ atmifjrif
om,m0wDNrKdU atbDtrfausmif;rS (10) wef; atmifjrifcJhonf/ wuodkvfynm qufvufqnf;yl; 1931
ckEpS w
f iG f 0dZm odypH mar;yGJ lyaA'*kPx
f ;l jzifh atmifjrifavonf/
1933-34 ckwiG f Oya'wef; ynmoifMum;vsuf pdS Of wuotrIaqmiftjzpf aG;aumuf wifajrmufjcif;cH&
1934-35 ckwiG f wuoOu| jzpfvmonf/
1937 ckEpS w
f iG f rk;d av0o ynmawmfoiftjzpf aG;cs,jf cif;cH&NyD;? vef'ef,el AD mpDwD ynmoifMum; &onf/
rk;d av0oynm&yfwiG f yg&*lbUJG &Scd o
hJ nf/ oD&yd scH sD a'gufwmzd;k at;onf ,ckr;kd av0oXme TeMf um;a&;0ef
tjzpf Ekid if aH wmfwm0efukd xrf;aqmifvsufo
dS nf/
(OD;ode;f armifr)S
rSwcf su-f xdkaiGrsm;udk 1934-35 ck wuotrIaqmifwOD;jzpfol OD;odef;azjrifhu wuodkvf"rmHk
aqmuf&mwGif oHk;pGJ&ef tqdkwifoGif;zl;onf[k 1955 ckESpfxkwf aiG&wkobifpmapmif
wGif OD;ode;f azjrifh azmfjyzl;onf/ ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsad &;twGuf [Hom0wDurk P
D
ESihf awGUqHak qG;aEG;ajzSi;f cJ\
h / OD;ode;f armifonf pwD;b&m;om;ukrP
v
D rD w
d ufwiG f xifmS ;
aom tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;wa,muftjzpf vkyaf qmifvsufo
dS nf/
59
tcef; (6)
udv
e,fcsUJ qefu
Y siaf &; vGwv
(1935 rS 1936)
(u) udo
k ed ;f az?q&mBu;D ocifu,
kd af wmfriId ;f ESihf wdAYk rmtpnf;tH;k
(c) 1935-36 wuov

kd af usmif;om;rsm;tajctae
Source: File Photo
1296 ckESpf? waygif;vqkwf (12) &uf? 1935 ck? rwfv (30) &uf
aeYvnf (2) em&D a&eHacsmif;NrdKUv,f wefaqmif;BuD; usi;f yaom wdYk Armtpnf;
tH;k uGezf &ifo
h Ykd wuov
kd af usmif;om; udo
k ed ;f azonf &efuek Nf rdKUrS rpwmarmifriId ;f
trnfcH rsKd;cspfpma&;q&mBuD; ygarmuO;D vGe;f tm; yifah qmifvmNyD; if;uGezf &ifh
ociftrnfcHum wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;0if wOD;tjzpf aMunmvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefrSp q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;\ tm;ay;rI? vli,frsm;ESifh
udk,fwdkif tyifyef; tqif;&JcHum yg0ifvkyfaqmifrIaMumifh wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;rSm
w[kefxdk; wdk;wufvmNyD; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI tSdeft[kef jrifhwufvmonf/
q&mBu;D ocifu,
kd af wmfriId ;f
wuov
kd t
f mPmydik rf sm;\ zdEydS rf u
I kd ckc&H ef pl;prf;SmazG&if; Edik if aH &;abm*aA'tygt0if rmhupf pf mayrsm;udk
wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm; awGUSdzwfIvmjcif;ESifh wuodkvfe,fajrtwGif; Armjynfpmtkyftoif;? e*g;eDpmtkyf
toif;wdkYrSwqifh awmfvSefa&;pmayrsm; ydkrdk0ifa&mufvmonf/ wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;BuD;tcsKdUonf wdkYArm
tpnf;tHk;ESifh ydkrdk&if;ESD;vmonf/
1935-36 ckESpfwGif udkatmifqef;? udkodef;az? udkwifarmifwdkY ocifjzpfvmNyD; 1935-36 wuo
aG;aumufyJG udEk k Ou|tjzpf taG;cH&aomtcg ausmif;om;rsm; wdYk Armtpnf;tH;k ESihf ydrk q
kd ufo,
G rf rI sm; Sv
d mum
ocifrsm;ESihf yd&k if;ES;D vmonf/ NAdwo
d Qe,fcsUJ qefYusiaf &;? vGwv
f yfa&;BudK;yrf;rI pdw"f mwfrsm;? awmfveS af &; pdw"f mwf
rsm; ydkrdkjrifhrm;vmonf/
60
(*) udEk ?k udak tmifqef;? udak usmNf ird ;f ? udt

k ek ;f ESihf wuo (1935)
Oya'ausmif;om;a[mif; udkEkonf oHk;cG? yef;waemfwGif trsKd;om;ausmif;q&m oGm;vkyf&mrS Oya'wef;
jyefwufcsdefwGif oxHkaqmif usLwm ukdtkef;onf udkausmfNidrf;? udkodef;az? udkatmifqef;wdkY oHk;a,mufudk udkEkESifh
rdwfqufay;NyD; if;tcef;xJwGif EdkifiHa&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; jyKvkyfMuonf/ udkausmfNidrf;rSm pum;awmfawmf ajym
tTef;tazmufvnf; ygonf/ udkodef;azuvnf; pum;awmfawmf ajymonf/ udkatmifqef;u pum;enf;NyD; olwdkY
oHk;a,mufvHk; PfxufjrufMuonf[k udkEku oHk;oyfrdonf/ ausmif;tkyfBuD;Hk;cef;ESifh wudkufavmuftuGm
nbufrsm;wGif if;wdkY ig;OD; rMumcPawGUqHkNyD; EdkifiHa&;tpnf;ta0;rsm; jyKvkyfMuonf/
atmufwb
kd m ausmif;ydwcf geD;wGif or* 'k-Ou| udak usmfxeG ;f ausmif;xGuo
f mG ; Mum;jzwfaG;aumufyJG
jyKvkyfonf/ ig;OD;tzGJU\ wdkufwGef;csuft& udkEk 'k-Ou|ae&m 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif&m ,SOfNydKifolrSdbJ
taG;cH&avonf/ 'DZifbm ausmif;ydwcf geD;wGif ausmif;tkyBf uD;vufrw
S Ef iS hf ta&;BuD;EdYk wpfwapmif xGuv
f monf/
if;wGif ,leAD mpDwD aumvdyw
f iG f tprf;pmar;yGrJ sm; usif;yrnf/ xkpd mar;yGaJ tmifro
S m pmar;yGBJ uD; ajzqdck iG ahf y;rnf[k
ygSdonf/ xdkEdkYwpfpm xGufvmaomtcg ausmif;om;rsm; tHk<uvmNyD; or*tpnf;ta0;wck ac:ay;&ef awmif;qdk
vmMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;or* tpnf;ta0;udk or*cef;rwGifjyKvkyfcJhNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;u tprf;pmar;yGJonf
e,fcsJUrsm;\ zdEydS rf t
I & jyKvkyaf Mumif;udk xyfcgwvJvJ ajymqdak qG;aEG;vmMuonf/ xkpd mar;yGu
J kd oydwaf rSmuf&rnf
qdak om aqG;aEG;csurf sm; jyif;xefvmonf/ ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;u oydwrf arSmufcif ausmif;tkyBf uD;rsm;ESihf oGm;a&muf
aqG;aEG;oifhonf[k tMuHay; wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* Ou| udkzdk;at;ESifh trIaqmifESpfOD;udk Ou|u
aG;cs,fNyD; ausmif;tkyfBuD;ESifh aqG;aEG;&efESifh 'DZifbmausmif;rydwfrD xdkudpESifh ywfoufNyD; ausmif;om;xktpnf;
ta0;wGif tpD&ifc&H ef awmif;qdck o
hJ nf/ odYk aomf Ou|ESihf trIaqmif ESpOf ;D onf if;wdYk \ uwdtwdik ;f raqmifu
G b
f J
wm0efudk aSmifwdrf;ae 'k-Ou| udkEkonf udkausmfNidrf;tm; tprf;pmar;yGJudptwGuf ausmif;tkyfBuD;
rpwmpavmhESifh oGm;a&muf aqG;aEG;&ef vTwfvdkufonf/
udkausmfNidrf; jyefa&mufvmaomtcg ]yk*dKvfwOD;wa,mufyJjzpfjzpf? tzGJYtpnf;wckyJjzpfjzpf ighudkvm
Ncdrf;ajcmufwm igraMumufbl;/ tprf;pmar;yGJudk igaMunmxm;wJUtwdkif; vkyfr,f} pm;yGJukd vufoD;eJYxkNyD;
ajymonf[k jyefajymonf/ xdktcg udkEkESifh (5) OD;tzGJUonf if;wdkYtjyif usef (4-5) a,mufudk zdwfNyD;
]Ou|eJh trIaqmif(2) OD;uawmY acgif;aSmifoGm;NyD? 'DvlawGudk tm;udk;vdkhrjzpfbl;? usaemfudk,fwdkif
acgif;aqmifNyD; wdkufr,f} vdYk udEk u
k ajymonf/ xdYk aemuf udEk o
k nf if;tpDtpOfukd wifjy tm;vH;k oabmwlaom
tcg arm&d,ESifh jrefrmhtvif; owif;pmwdkuf (2) wdkufrS udktkef;\ rdwfaqG arm&d,rSt,f'DwmESifh udkEk\rdwfaqG
jrefrmhtvif;rS t,f'DwmwdkYudk tultnDawmif;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;wdkufyGJ atmifjrif&eftwGuf ausmif;tkyfBuD;u
]jrefrmEdkifiHrSmSdwJU b,fEdkifiHa&;orm;eJh b,fEdkifiHa&;tzGJYrS raMumufbl;} [k owif;udk ukdEkonf pum;vHk;
jyif owif;pmxJwGif xnfhvdkufonf/ aemufwaeYwGif ausmif;tkyfBuD;onf
]ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGeJh or*udk &nfG,fNyD;ajymwmyg} vdYk ajzSi;f csufyYkd aomfvnf; owif;pmrsm;u
rxnfhay;acs/
yxrtqihNf yD;aemuf udEk o
k nf jrpf0uRef;ay: yef;waemf? 0g;c,frNrdKUrsm;odYk vnf;aumif;? udo
k ed ;f azonf
txufArmjynf rHkGm? bkwvifNrdKUrsm;odkY c&D;xGuf if;NrdKUrsm;Sd todrdwfaqGrsm;\ tultnD&,lum NrdKUtpnf;
ta0; ac:,l EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHa&;toif;awGudk apmfum;aom ausmif;tkyfBuD;tm; EkwfxGuf ArmjynfrS
tjrefqHk; xGufoGm;ap&ef qHk;jzwfcsuf csMuonf/ &efukefwGifSdaom udkatmifqef;ESifh udkausmfNidrf;u if;owif;udk
owif;pmrsm;wGif xnfhay;vdkufonf/ owif;pm (2) apmifu MuufyGJavmufSdaom tpnf;ta0;yGJrsKd; r[kwfbJ
NrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsuf[k xifvmap&ef udktkef;? udkausmfNidrf;? udkatmifqef;wdkYu rGrf;rHjyifqifMu
onf/ udkEkESifh udkodef;az &efukefodkY jyefa&mufaomtcg NrdKUvHk;uRwftpnf;ta0;udk aTwd*HkapwDawmf &m[ka'gifh
wefaqmif; xyfrHac:,lonf/ ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpwmpavmh wkefvIyfNyD; if;tpnf;ta0; 0wfvHkOD;pkd;GefYESifh
q&mOD;wifudk apvTwf ajzSif;&ef BudK;pm;aomfvnf; vlxkBuD;u ausmif;tkyfBuD;pavmh tjrefxGufoGm;qdkaom
qHk;jzwfcsuf csvdkufonf/
vlxktpnf;ta0;usif;yNyD; aemufwaeY owif;pmxJygvmonf/ xdktcg ,leDAmpDwDtkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU
ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; usif;yNyD; tprf;pmar;yGJudk kyfodrf;&ef qHk;jzwfcsufcsvdkufonf/ if;tpnf;ta0; udkEkESifh
udkausmfNidrf;tm; ausmif;xkwfypf&ef ausmif;tkyfBuD;u awmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf; 0wfvHkawmf& OD;odrf;armifu xdk
61
(2) OD;tm; ausmif;xkwv
f Qif ausmif; qlyrl rI sm; xyfrjH zpfay:vmrnf[k qdNk yD; ausmif;tkyBf uD; tqdu
k kd uefYuu
G o
f nf/
Mum;jzefajzonfhtaeESifh t"dywd a'gufwmqufonf udkEkESifh udkausmfNidrf;udk qlylvHIYaqmfrI rvkyfygbl;[k 0efcHcsuf
vufrSwfa&;xdk;ckdif;&m udkEkESifh udkausmfNidrf;wdkYu rxdk;ay;ay/
(C) 1935-36 wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ ESihf xdik g;OD;
Source: Internet
1935-36 wuotrIaqmifaG;yGJ udkEkESifh xdk (5) OD;wdkY\ pnf;Hk;rI? EdkifiHa&;vIyfSm;rI toGifoPmefrsm;

jzpfay:vm wuodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrS vdkvm;aom tvdkawmf&drsm; HI;edrfhoGm;NyD; ocifaygufp axmif (6) v
olykefav;rsm; tEdkif&Sd oGm;onf/
1935-36 wuo trIaqmiftzGJY
1/ udkEk
Ou| (OD;pD;acgif;aqmif[kac:onf) (aemif 0efBuD;csKyf)
2/ udk&mSpf
'k-Ou|
(aemif 0efBuD;)
3/ udkoD[ef
twGif;a&;rSL;
(aemif 0efBuD;)
4/ udkatmifqef; tdk;a0pmwnf; t,f'Dwm
(aemif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
5/ udktkef;
aiGxdef;
(aemif oHtrwf)
6/ ukdxGef;tkH
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
(aemif &effukefjrLeDpDy,frif;BuD;)
7/ udkomvS
EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;rSL;
(aemif &efukefwuodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;)
8/ udkbquf
tm;upm;rSL;
(aemif EdkifiHjcm;a&;Xme)
9/ udkxGef;wif
(aemif vQyfppftkyftzGJUOu|)
udkEkrSm ,SOfNydKifolrSdbJ taG;cH&avonf/
or*pnf;rsOf;udk aocsmpGm rzwfaom udEk o
k nf trIaqmifrsm;ESihf jyem
wufavonf/ wuo oif;vHk;uRwftpnf;ta0; usif;ycsdef Ou|rSm usrf;
opm usdefqdk&onf/ Ou| 0ifvmaomtcg tm;vHk;u rwfwyf&yfNyD; tdktao
jyKavonf/ xdktcg udkEkonf acgif;aygif;udk qGJcRwf pm;yGJay:ypfwifvdkufNyD;
]aemifusaemf tcef;xJ0ifvm&if b,folrSrx&bl;} vdkY ajymvdkufonf/ if;
oif;vHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;NyD;aemuf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;csufjcif; ac:,lNyD;
trIaqmifrsm;u ]Ou|vdkh aMunmvdkuf&if ausmif;om;tm;vHk; rwfwyf&yf&
w,f/ Ou|xdkifNyD;rS xdkif&w,f/ tJ'g or*pnf;rsOf;rSm ygw,f/ udkEkudk
tdktaoay;wm r[kwfbl;/ Ou|udk tm;vHk;u tdktaoay;wm} vdkY ajym
awmhrS udkEk oabmaygufoGm;onf/
1935-36 wGif udkEkwdkYtkyfpk wuowGif aG;aumufwifajrmufcH&aom
Ou| udkEk
tcsdefwGif EdkifiHa&;vIyfSm;rIudk taqmifrsm;wGif ysHUESHYatmif vkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/
xdkESpf or*ESpfywfvnf tpnf;ta0;wGif tpOftvmt& udkEk\ nmzufwGif a'gufwmbarmf? a'gufwmb[ef?
b,fbufwGif OD;babESifh *VKefOD;apm xdkifonf/ xdkaeYu or*tpnf;ta0;wGif Ou| udkEku trsKd;om;a&;
awmif;qdkcsufrsm; aqmifGufoGm;rnf[k ajymMum;oGm;onf/ atmufpzdkY,leD,H Ou|rsm;onf aemifwcsdefwGif
0efBuD;csKyfrsm; jzpfvmMuonf/ xdkESpfxJ udkEkwdkY (5) OD;tkyfpkrSm EdkifiHa&;vIyfSm; &efom pdwfyg0ifpm;cJhMuonf/
or*toif;om;rsm;ESifh or*tcGifhta&; ydk&&ef BudK;pm;cJhMuonf/ pmMunfhwdkufvnf; wnfaqmufcJhonf/
yef;waemfausmif;om;wOD; e,fjyef&ef ausmif;tkyfBuD;qD cGifhpmoGm;wifaomtcg ausmif;tkyfBuD;u
pmxJwGif ausmif;om; tpfr vufrSwfxdk;xm;NyD; taz? tar vufrSwfrxdk;xm; cGifhrjyKEdkif[k ajymonf/ xdktcg
udkEkonf ausmif;tkyfBuD;xH oGm;awGU&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/
]atmufpzdkheJh udef;b&pfwuodkvfrSm ausmif;om;awG&JY pmudk q&mu awmif;MunfU0HUwm r[kwfbl;/ 'g
igwdkh Armjynf vmapmfum;wmyJ} [k awG;NyD;
]usaemf tdrfjyefcsifw,f? cGifUay;yg/}
xdktcg ausmif;tkyfBuD;u ]bmudpjyefcsifwmvJ}
udkEku ]tdrfu pm&w,f}
62

ausmif;tkyfBuD;u ]at; aumif;NyD? jyefEdkifw,f} vdkYajymvdkuf&m udkEkonf ausmif;tkyfBuD;tm; ai;aMumif
Munfhaerdonf/
aemuf jyemwck xyfjzpfvmonf/ ppfudkif;aqmif taqmifrSL;onf nbufwGif {nfhonfrsm;jzifh
w&ufjcm;? ESpf&ufjcm; atmf[pfaomif;usef;aeonf/ xdktcg ppfudkif;aqmifrS ausmif;om; udkausmfjrifhonf nbuf
ausmif;om;rsm; pmMunfhae qlqlnHnHrvkyf&ef oGm;awmif;yefaomtcg taqmifrSL;u udkausmfjrifhudk atmfvTwf
vdu
k o
f nf/ xdak emuf waeYn taqmifrLS ;udk tHwo
k nft
h aeESihf oHy;kH rsm; wtm;wD;Muavonf/ xdt
k cg taqmifrLS ;
vmMunfhNyD; ausmif;tkyfBuD;udk wdkifvdkufonf/ ausmif;tkyfBuD;u udkausmfjrifhudk wESpf ausmif;xkwfvdkufonf/
Ou| udkEk odoGm;aomtcg NrdKUxJrS 0wfvHkwOD;udk ac:NyD; udkausmfjrihfudk Hk;awmfrSwqifh ausmif;tkyfBuD;xHodkY
wESpfausmif;xkwfcH& avsmfaMu;ay;&ef epfemaMu;awmif; EdkYwpfpm wifNyD; Hk;awmfodkY avQmufxm;avonf/
ausmif;tkyfBuD; EdkYwpfpm&NyD; aemufwaeYwGif csufjcif; udkausmfjrihfudk ausmif;jyefwufcGifh ay;vdkufonf/
(i) udak tmifqef;\ ausmif;om;b0
Source: Bogoke's Works (Mya Han)
udak tmifqef;onf tdik ;f cGpm ausmif;om;wOD;jzpfonf/ odYk aomf "There

is method in his madness." qdkovdk olYtdkif;b0onf &nfG,fcsufESifhjzpf
onf/ a&eHacsmif;trsKd;om;ausmif;wGif ausmif;om;or*trIaqmif jzpfcJhonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;tcsif;csif; nDGwfrISdap&ef trsKd;om;ausmif;0wfpHkudk ol\trI
aqmifrsm;ESihf wdik yf ifum wDxiG cf o
hJ nf/ olwx
D iG cf ahJ om trsK;d om;ausmif;0wfprkH mS
aTawmify;kd vHjk cnfEiS hf yifet
D usteDjzpfonf/ olonf pum;tajymtqdk EIwef nf;
rI? t0wftpm;taetxdik f cGusraI Mumifh ausmif;om;rsm; aemufajymifjcif; cH&aomf
vnf; *krpdkufay/ t0wftpm;udk jzpfuwwfqef; 0wfavhSdonf/ tajymtqdk
rSm wdusjywfom;onf/ ar;cGef;ajz&mwGif tydktvdkrSd/ taMumif;&if; wdkwdkESifh
xdxdrdrdajzwwfonf/ avmuGwfvkyfjcif;udkvnf; rkef;oljzpfonf/ 1931 ckESpf?
t|rwef;wGif ynmoifMum;pOf arv (18) &uf aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&uf zcif
OD;zm rusef;rmuG,fvGefcJhonf/ udkatmifqef;ESihf olYtpfudkudkb0if;wdkY ewf
udak tmifqef;
armufwGif zcifoN*K[fNyD;rS a&eHacsmif;odkY jyefckdif; ausmif;wuf aemufusonf/
ausmif;odkY a&mufaomtcg q&mwa,mufu ]rif;wdkh bmvdkhaemufuswmvJ}
udkatmifqef;u ]tazrrmvdkh}
q&mu ]tck rmoGm;NyDvm;}
udkatmifqef;u ]qHk;NyD} [k wHk;wdwdjyefajzcJhonf/
a&eHacsmif;wGif usif;yaom pum;&nfvkyGJwGifvnf; 0ifa&mufajymavhSdonf/
]awmrSmaexdkifjcif;onf NrdKYrSmaexdkifjcif;xuf omvGefaumif;rGefonf} [laomtqdkudk tajctwif
jyKvkyf&m udkatmifqef;onf tqdkbufrS 0ifa&muf ajymqdkcJhonf/ rD;&xm;pwif wDxGifol? oabFmpwif wDxGifol
*sdrf;pf0yf? EdkifiHacgif;aqmif a'gufwmrm'if? tDA&m[ifvifuGef;wdkYonf awmom;rsm;jzpfaMumif; ajymqdkcJhonf/
trsKd;om;ausmif;wGif pmapmifxkwfa0&mvnf; t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmifGufcJhonf/
(p) or* (wuo) r*Zif; ESpaf pmif

xdktcsdefwGif &efukefwuodkvf r*Zif;ESpfapmifSdcJhonf/ aumvdyfr*Zif;ESifh wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;
or*r*Zif;wdkY jzpfonf/ aumvdyfr*Zif;rsm; aiGtm;ydkaumif;NyD; wausmif;vHk;ESifh qdkifovdk jzpfaeum apmifa&
(3000) xkwfa0onf/ t,f'Dwmudk ausmif;tkyfBuD;rpwmpavmhu aG;cefYNyD; tvdkawmf&dr*Zif;jzpfonf/
wuor*Zif;rSm toif;0ifo
dS avmufom xkwaf 0NyD; or*tzGUJ xJoYkd wausmif;vH;k 0ifavhrSad y/ t,f'D
wmudk or*trIaqmiftzGJUu cefYtyfonf/ or*qdkonfrSm vlqdk;awG? cGpmawG pkHk;&mt&yfjzpfonf/ tvdkawmf&d
rsm;u owfrSwfonf/ xdkYaMumifh twdkuftcHtmabmf[k qdkEdkifonf/ ,cifESpfrsm;udk twKywdrsm;udkom wuo
r*Zif;wGif OD;pm;ay;xnfhaomfvnf; udkatmifqef; (t,f'Dwm) ESifh udkndKjr (twGif;a&;rSL;) jzpfvmaomtcg
63
wuokdvfe,fajrrS av;pm;xdkufaom yk*dKvfrsm;qdkonfh acgif;pOfjzifh(1) jruf&dwfonfh rmvDukvm;BuD;yHk?
(2) or*'&0rf OD;odef;yHkawG or*pmapmifrSm OD;xdyfxm;xnfhcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh or*r*Zif;onf
tpdk;&tmrcHaiG awmif;onfh twdkuftcHpme,fZif;pm&if;wGif tjrJyg0ifonf/
(q) udak tmifqef;? udn

k Kd jrESihf td;k a0r*Zif;
udkatmifqef; (t,f'Dwm) u ]&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;or*r*Zif;} qdkwm tvGefSnfwJh emrnfyJ/
emrnftopfay;&ef ausmif;om;rsm;udk zdwaf c:vku
d o
f nf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u emrnftrsKd;rsKd; 0dik ;f NyD;ay;Muaomfvnf;
udak tmifqef; rBudKufay/ aemufq;kH udn
k Kd jru ]tdk;a0} [k emrnfay;vdu
k af omtcg udak tmifqef; vufcv
H u
kd o
f nf/
tdk;a0[laomtrnfESihf ywfouf udkndKjrSif;jyonfrSm]]'DrSm udkatmifqef;? rEav;rSm usaemfausmif;aewkef;u a'gif;,mOfysHqdkwJh Zmwfrif;orD;wa,mufudk
oabmuszl;w,f? olu usaemfwYkd eYJ G,w
f al vmufy?J avbmwDrjr&ifvkd trBuD;tG,rf [kwb
f ;l ? tJ'D a'gif;,mOfysH
u oDcsif;qdkwJhtcgrSm
]tdk;a0} ]tdk;a0}
tJ'D tdk;a0udkyJ ckESpfoHajymif;vJNyD; em;axmifvdkY rNiD;bl;? aemiftcgrSm usaemf pme,fZif;avmua&muf&if
tdk;a0qkdwJhemrnfeJY r*Zif;xkwfzdkY pdwful;xm;w,f}}
]Armjynfonf
td;k a0onf
Oa'gif;EdkifiH
Oa'gif;toH}
tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; or*r*Zif;udk ]tdk;a0r*Zif;} [k trnfajymif;vdkufavonf/
(Z) tk;d a0r*Zif;yg udak tmifqef;\ t,f'w

D mhtmabmf
]udak tmifqef;\ tEdik rf cHpw

d "f mwf}
ightm; zHk;vTrf;xm;aom vuG,foef;acgif,H ,if;arSmifrdkuf twGif;rSae tEdkifrcH?
tHI;ray;vdkaom ig\pdwfudk zefqif;ay;ol ewf? odMum; wdkhtm; igonf aus;Zl;pum;
qdyk g\/
avmu"Hw&m;\ vufckyfwGif;odkh b,fvdkyif usa&mufapumrl igum; rwkefvIyf?
ridka<u;? uHw&m;\ dkufykwfjcif; 'PfcsufaMumifU ig\ OD;acgif;onf aoG;oHwdkhjzifU
&J&JeDae\/ odkhaomf Twfum; rTwf/
avmb? a'gowdkh\ BuD;pdk;&mXme\ tjcm;rJUum; aojcif;w&m;onf aMumufrufzG,f&m
iHUvifUae\/ odkhyifrl ightm; rwkefrvIyfonfudkom awGY&tHU/ aemifudkvnf; b,fawmUrS
raMumufonfudk awGY&aytHU/
ok*wdoGm;&m wHcg;0onf rnfrQyif usOf;ajrmif;onf jzpfap? ,rrif;\ acG;a&y&ydkuf
ig\tjypfwdkhudk rnfrQyif a&;rSwfxm;onfjzpfap? igum; *krjyK/
igomvQif ighuH\ tSifocifjzpf igomvQif ighpdwf\ tBuD;tuJjzpfawmU\/
(jynfaxmifpkAdokum AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;- wuodkvfae0if;? pm- 97? 1997^y)
64
(ps) 1936 td;k a0r*Zif;yg udak tmifqef;\ ausmif;om;avmu oH;k oyfcsuaf qmif;yg;
uRefynmESifh ocifynm
vlBuD;ESifU vli,f
wdkif;jynfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;wGif vlBuD;? vli,f[l
tvkyform; ESpfrsKd;ESpfpm;Sdonf/ vlBuD;wdkYtzdkYrSm aumif;
rGefaomenf;vrf;rsm;udk TefjyEdkifonfh pGrf;&nfowdSdap
&rnf/ vli,fwdkYrSmum; xdkokdYTefjyonfhvrf;udk wef;wef;
ajzmifhajzmifh aMumufGHUjcif;uif;odvsuf vdkuf&J&ayrnf/
,ckArmjynfwGifum; vlBuD;rsm;rSmvnf; pGrf;&nfowd
rSd? Avmcsnf;jzpfaeonfudk awGU&onf/ vli,fwdkYtm;
aumif;rGefaom erlemjy&rnfjzpfaom vlBuD;rsm;pGmwdkYonf
uvyfwufjcif;? zJdkufjcif;? trsKd;rsKd; uvdrfaphjirf;qif
onfh trIrsKd;om awGU&onf/ odkYjzpf&um; tu,f aqmif
Gufcsifaom vli,frsm;rSm Tefjyrnfh tvif;a&mifuif;rJh
vsuf trdkufarSmifxJwGif ajcprf;vufprf;jzifhom tcsdefukef
&avonf/
tcsKdUolwdkYu vlBuD;rsm;udk qJ
onf
[k vli,fwdkYtm; tjypfwif
vrf;TefrnfU
Muonf/ odkYaomfvnf; ta&;
vlBuD;SdvQif
udprSm vli,fESifhvlBuD; (2) OD;
(2) buf p vH k ; tjypf r uif ; ay/
vli,fwdkhonf
vlBuD;wdkYrSm azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif;
aSYodkhwdk;wuf
aumif;rGefaom enf;vrf;Tefjy
jcif;rSd? vli,fwdkYrSm vlBuD;wdkY\
vkyfief;udk
udk,fhtjypfudk jyHkrSwyg; tjcm;vkyf
xGifEdkifrnf
jyjcif;rSd/
uREfkyfwdkYtzdkYrlum; tdEd,jynf
jzpfonfUtjyif
rS r[wr*ED? pDtm'uf? rdkwDvm
rdrdwdkhtvSnfU
ael;? wdvuf tpSdolwdkY uJhodkY
vnf;aumif;? tdkif,mvefrS 'DAuf?
usa&mufaomtcg
tDwvDjynfrS *&daAmv'D? rpfZeDwdkY
acgif;aqmifonfU
uJhodkYvnf;aumif;? ususee acgif;
vkyif ef;udk ryifyef;bJ aqmifEdkif acgif;aqmifrnfh rnf
onhfvlBuD;rqdk aemufvdkuftjzpf
xrf;aqmifEdkifay
vdkufygaqmifGuf&ef toifhSday
onf/ xdkodkY acgif;aqmif&Jrnfh
vdrfUrnf
yk*dKvfwOD; xGufygav/ apmifhvsuf
uREfkyfwdkYarQmfrnf/
emrnfBuD;onfh wuodkvf vrf;TefrnfhvlBuD;
SdvQif vli,fwdkYonf aSUodkYwdk;wuf vkyfief;udk xGifEdkif
rnf jzpfonfhjyif rdrdwdkYtvSnfhusa&mufaomtcg acgif;
aqmifonfhvkyfief;udk ryifyef;bJ xrf;aqmifEdkifayvdrhf
rnf/ uREfkyfwdkY vli,fwdkYuvnf; xdktcsdef xdktcgtwGuf
,ckuyif toihfjyifxm;&ayrnf/ BudK;pm;tm;xkwf&
ayrnf/ txl;ojzifh uREfkyfwdkY wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;
onf ta&;wGif tcsuftjcm jzpfavonf/ odkYjzpfvifh
upm; ,ckvufSd wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;rSm emrnf[D;

oavmuf toHrSdjzpfaeonfudk awGU&onf/ uREfkyfwdkY
wuodkvfausmif;om;wdkYonf ,ck&Sdaeaom uRefynmudk
t[k w f B uD ; rS w f x if a eMu exif a oG ; a&muf N yD ; vQif
ArmwdkYjyKorQ HIUcsuJh&JYvdkaompdwf? vGwfvyfaom ocif
tvkyfudk *kPfedrfhonfxifaom pdwfwdkYudkarG;jrLxm;ojzifh
txufra&muf? atmufrusorm;rsm; jzpfaeMuavonf/
uREkfyfwdkY wuodkvfausmif;om;wdkYonf [D&dMowy
w&m;uif;rJhvsuf if;w&m;udkyif em;rvnfEdkif Sdaeay
ao;onf/ raMumuf&rnfhae&mwGif aMumuf? rSuf&rnfh
ae&mwGif Sufaeonfudk awGU&ayonf/ EdkifiHjcm;om;wdkY
jrifvQif 'l;wkefcsifonfhpdwf raysmufao;? abmvHk;yGJwGif
qJcsif? qdkcsif? aomif;usef;csifonfh pdwf"mwfrSmvnf;
txl; Sufp&m aumif;avonf/ vGwfvyfaomtvkyfudk
rcifrif? vGwfvyfaomb0udk wefzdk;rod? xdkYaMumifh vGwf
vyfaomb0udk rawmifhw? rMuHq? &atmifrBudK;pm;bJ
aT&nfrGrf;rHxm;aom avSmifcsKdifhxJwGif taysmfBuD; aysmf
aeMuayonf/
uREkfyfwdkY wuodkvfausmif;om;wdkYwGif tvGrf;emorm;
wdkYum;rsm;vSpGm\/ odkYaomf wvGJvGrf;vGrf;aeonfudk awGU
&yg\/ oem;wwfaomolrsm;udkvnf; awGU&yg\/ odkY
aomf wvGJoem;aeMuayonf/ cspfa,mifaqmif ao
atmif vGrf;wwfaom &efolwdkYu tSLtIdufESifh idkcsif;cs
onfudk jrif&aomtcg &ifxJwGif zdkvdIufzdkvdIufESifh 0rf;enf;
onfh pum;oHrsm;udk Mum;&ayonf/ bufwHdkufawmfol
wa,muf armyef;aMuae aumif;rGefpGm rupm;Edkifonfh
tcg tawmfrodaom vlxkBuD;onf r[mukPmawmf
teESdvS pkwfwowfowf ajymqdkMuonfudkum; Mum;
od&ayonf/
odkY&mwGif uRefwGif;epf &wem? aT? aiG oHk;yg; ysufpD;
aeaom uREfkyfwdkY\wdkif;jynftwGuf eHeufpmeHeuf? npm
n Smpm;&aom rsm;ajrmifvSpGmaom qif;&Jom;wdkYtwGuf
rlum; oem;jcif; ukPmw&m;onfum; acgif;yg;vSay
\/ odkYvQif uREkfyfwdkY wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;rSm ynm
\ t&dyfta,mifrsm;omjzpf ynmppf\ tcsuftcsmjzpf
aom tqdk;taumif;wefzdk;udk ra0zefEdkifbJSdavonf/
uRefynmESifU ocifynm
ynmESpfrsKd;udk tcsKdUolwdkYrSm em;rvnfbJ ajymaeMu
onf/ ynmESpfrsKd;udk Sif;vif;&efrSm rvG,fulvSay/
usrf;pmapmiftzGJUESifha&;om;rS Sif;vif;rnfht&mjzpfonf/
t*Fvef? *syef? tar&duef? jyifopf? tDwvD? *smrPD?
kSwdkif;jynfrsm;wGif oifMum;aeaom ynma&;pepfESifh
tdEd,jynf? ArmjynfwdkYwGif ay;tyfaom ynma&;pepfrSm
65
rdk;ESifh ajrBuD;rQ uGmjcm;aeonfudk awGU&ayonf/ ynmoif
Mum;a&;&mwGif toufarG;0rf;ausmif; ynm&yfrsm; tjyif
dk;dk;oifMum;&mwGifvnf; pGrf;pGrf;wrH? udk,fh'l;udk,fcRefvdk
onfhpdwfESifh xdkokdYjyKjyifEdkifonfh t&nftcsif;wdkYudk ausmif;
om;vli,frsm; arG;jrLvmEdkifatmif jyKjyifay;onf/
tdEd,jynfESifh ArmjynfSd vufSdynma&;pepfrSm rlv
wef;? tv,fwef;? txufwef;? wuodkvf tqifh av;
ydkif;rQSdonf/ Sdaomtqihf av;ydkif;wdkYwGifvnf; aumif;rGef
usepGmrSd? rQaomynmudk uREfkyfwdkYtm;ay;&mwGif om
&mpm; rsm;vmap uRefoabmufpdwfaygufolrsm; Sdvm
atmif jzpfapayonf/ &nfG,fcsufrSm t*Fvdyfynmudk
tdEd,wGif yxrpxGifol avmh'frufaumav;u vrf;
aMumif;jycJhjcif; jzpfavonf/ tdEd,jynfSdynma&;pepfudk
csKyfEdkiforQcsKyf&rnf[k ajymMum;cJhonf/ taMumif;um;
tifyg,mcsJUxGifa&;pepfudk wnfwHhcdkifjrJap&ef jzpfav
onf/
tifyg,mcsJUxGifa&;pepfonf ta&;BuD;t&mygaom
ud&d,mvufeufBuD;wck jzpfonfudk if;tifyg,m csJUxGif
a&;udk rBudKufrESpfoufaom t*FvdyfvlrsKd;tcsKdUu twd
tvif; a&;om;xm;onf/ ta0;BuD;rSmbJ teD;uav;jzpf
aom jrefrmpmGefYaygif;usrf; tcsD;wGifvnf; tifyg,m
csJUxGifa&;pepfESifh ynma&;pepf rnfodkYoufqdkifaMumif;udk
t&dyft>ruf jyxm;avonf/
odkYynma&;pepfudk tifyg,mcsJUxGifa&;pepfESifh wHokwf
vdkufnDavatmif jrefrmjynf ynmroifrae&Oya' rxm;
Sdjcif;? oifMum;&efbmom&yfrsm;rSm tenf;i,fomSd
tukeftcrf;roifay;jcif;? ausmif;ueftoD;oD;wdkYwGifvnf;
uav;oli,fwdkYtm; tifyg,mcsJUxGifa&;pepf\ axmufyHh
olrsm;jzpfatmif trsKd;rsKd;jyKvkyfjcif;? wuodkvfynmudk
vlwdkif;r,lEdkifatmif ynmwwfenf;atmif trsKd;rsKd; twm;
tqD;tydwftyifrsm; xm;jcif;wkdY jzpfavonf/
Oyrmwckjy&aomf ,ck uREfkyfwdkY wuodkvfynma&;
pepfrSm (a*sa[mv'def) (um'De,fe,l;rif;) (tb&m[if
zvufem) (ya&mzufqmZif;ref;) paom yk*dKvfBuD;wdkY a&;
om;csufrsm;ESifh txl;uGmjcm;NyD;vQif twGif;a&;odolwdkY
onf rnfrQqdk;0g;onfudk odMu&ayonf/ wdkif;jynfaiGESifh
aqmuf wdkif;jynfSd vlrsm;twGuf ausmif;jzpfaomfvnf;
uREfkyfwdkYwuodkvf (,k'oefaumvdyf? q&mjzpfoif tm;vHk;
aygif;qdkvdkonf) rSm wdkif;oljynfom;wdkYtm; (uav;udk
t&dyfta,mifjywJh bdk;vewfom;) rQomjzpfonf/
wdkif;oljynfom;rsm;rSm ynma&;wGif bmrQajymqdk
ydkifcGifhrSday/ wdkif;oljynfom;rsm;u wifajrmufaom udk,f
pm;vS,f tenf;i,frQ tkyfcsKyfa&;wGifygaomfvnf; wefckd;
tmPmtvsOf;rSd? wuodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;rSm
wESpfwGifwcgrQ jyKvkyf em&D0ufESihf tpnf;ta0; pmwrf;
rsm;udk if;wdkYpDpOfovdk zwfjyNyD;vQif NyD;qHk;oGm;onfu
rsm;avonf[k uREfkyfwdkY Mum;&avonf/
tcsKdUuArmjynfynma&;pepfwGif ynmawmfoifap
66
vTwfjcif;udk TefjyMu\/ ynmawmfoifapvTwfjcif;onf

pifppfaumif;rGefaomfvnf; uREfkyfwdkYjynfwGif toHk;jyK&
onfhpepfrSm tvGefnHhzsif;aeonf/ wESpfvQif ynmawmf
oif (12) a,mufru (1000) vTwfapumrl ,ckpepft&
vTwfaomynmoifolwdkYrSm w&mvQifwa,mufrQ jrefrm
jynf tusKd;Sdatmif jyKvkyfEdkifonfh t&nftcsif;Sdrnf
r[kwfay/
ynmawmfoif apvTwfonfqdkonfrSm bdvyfudk ydkYjcif;
udkom qdkvdkonfr[kwf/ wpHkaomtwwfynm xGef;um;
vm&modkY xdktwwfudk tNyD;wdkifwwfajrmufoifvkdoltm;
apvTwfjcif;jzpfonf/ oMum;vkyfief;oifvkdoltm; oMum;
vkyfief; tBuD;tus,fjyKvkyf&mXmeodkYvnf;aumif;? v,f
,mpdkufysKd;a&; twwfoifvdkoltm; xdktwwf jyefYyGm;&m
XmeodkYvnf;aumif; tcsKyftjc,frSd apvTwfjcif; jzpfav
onf/ um; kS? *syefpaom wdkif;jynfwdkYBuD;yGm;yHkwnf;/
um; uRefynmESifh ocifynm cGJMuyHkwnf;/
rdbrsm;odkh
ynma&;ESifhywfoufNyD; jrefrmjynfSd rdbrsm;xHodkY
uREfkyf tpD&ifcHvdkonf/ ,ckacwfBuD;u tNydKiftqdkif acwf
BuD;jzpfonfudk if;wdkYodSdaumif; odSdMuygvdrfhrnf/ tNydKif
tqdkifacwfBuD;wGif a[mif;EGrf;aomenf;pepfrsKd;jzifh uREfkyf
wdkY tSnfojzifh rwnfwHhEdkifyg/ tpdk;&&mxl;XmewdkYtwGuf
om rdrdwdkYom;orD;ynma&;udk aS;IjyK TefMum;jcif;
rjyKygvifh? trsKd;ESifhwdkif;jynf tusKd;Sdaprnfh vkyfief;rsm;
udk rdrdwdkYom;orD;rsm; jyKvkyfjcif;udk wm;qD;ydwfyifjcif;
rjyKbJ tm;ay;Muapvdkygonf/
aiGtiftm;jynfhpHkvQif rdrdwdkYom;orD;rsm;ESihf oifhawmf
rnfh wdkif;jynfodkYapvTwfjcif;u wuodkvfodkYcsnf; ap
vTwfjcif;xuf ydkrkdaumif;rGefonf[k uREfkyfwdkY ,lqrdav
onf/ Oyrmqdkaomf *syefjynfonf ,cktcgwGif pufrI
ynm tvGefxGef;um; tjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm;xuf 50%
ydkrdk *syefjzpfukefypnf;wdkYudk EdkifiHjcm;odkY wifydkYEdkifav
onf/ tjcm;twwfynmrsm;vnf; *syefjynfwGif xGef;um;
avonf/ odkYjzpf&um; *syefjynfodkY rdrdwdkYom;orD;rsm;udk
ynmoifapvTwfvQif wuodkvfwGif ynmoifonfxuf
tusKd;Sdrnf[k uREkfkyfwdkY xifavonf/
uREfkyfwdkYod&oavmufrSm *syefjynfwGif ynmoifMum;
&onfh p&dwfonfvnf; tvGefqHk; wvvQif 100-150
usyfrQ usrnfjzpf&m uREfkyfwdkYwuodkvfwGif ynmoifMum;&
onfhp&dwfESifh rsm;pGmruGmay/ xdkYaMumifh rdrdwdkYwoufrQ
aumif;pm;onfukd rMunfhIbJ aemifvmaemufom;rsm;t
usKd;udk arQmfudk; jrefrmjynfSd rdbrsm;onf rdrdwdkYom;orD;
wdkYtm; urmBuD;wzufpGef;wGifjzpfapumrl aomuESifh oH
a,mZOfudk ab;csdwf pGefYpm;apoihfonf/ ynmSdapoihf
onf/ pD;yGm;Smapoihfonf/ onfomvQif ,ckacwfESifh
nDaomenf;vrf; jzpfonf/
atmifqef;
(n) q&mBu;D ocifu,

kd af wmfriId ;f \ wuov
kd o
f r*r*Zif;ESihf a'gi;f td;k a0r*Zif;bJUG tvuFmr*Fvm av;csK;d Bu;D
(aMomf) . . txufe*dku ysufNydKvdkYuscJhwJh
ueufy[kd&fyvif vufpt<uif;ayxifh?
wuodkvfobif or*toif;qDu
tquforw toif;awGeJY Mwif;? e0if;?
aumif;rsKd;taxGaxG/
(tdkuG,f) . . wufruG twif;a[hvdkY?
tuGufusus eif;eif;NyD;?
cuforQSif;ay;rnfhowif;a'gif;tdk;a0/
(aMomf) . . q&mtxl;Mum;ruGJU?
urmOD;w&m;rSmawmh?
Arm tESL;rsm;pGm ay:vm[efESifh?
avsmfpGmrl o@mef urmhtoa&xGef;apbdkY?
aomfwm ol&uef (v) (ae) 0ef;wdkYrSmjzifh?
av;uRef;tukef0ifhayrnfh?
,kefESifha'gif;ysH tvH"Z*f ESpfrsKd;qdkwJh?
]r*Zdk0f;} bk&if&mZm tvuFmysKdU&,fESifh?
r*FvmwrQKdY&a0 prkwfwGifrS?
y&arO*g &0daqGwdkY rSdayordkYvJ?
owdrajyvdkY rSef;&ygwJh?
a&rk'g bdaousrf;awGESifh?
wynfhawGvGrf;p&m pmtSdjyjyNyD;?
(aMomf) . . orm"deJYyg&rD jznfhaywJh?
q&mu0d&,fuaESm?
ow0g SdSdorQ uyfurmrSm?
t&yf&yf tGmGmESifhwuG?
ewfjA[mwdkYawmif ajymavmufatmif?
]yvm,dw} Zmwftvm xyfumwavmomy?
aendKndKrSm aTbdkuvJ armcsdefrdkY?
awm& taerSmaemfuG,f?
avmutvdkuf oabmusvQifvJ? BudKufMua&mhvdkY?
a[mjyvdkufay/
(aMomf) . . tkyfcsKyfa&;awGuvJ IyfIyfaxG;axG; ayxifhaESm?
EkyfEkyfao;ao;wawG rMunfrkef;Mua&mhovm;?
OpaX; taxGaxG tjynfjynfMuHK;NyD;awmh?
yx0DESpfvHk;u ttDqHk;qdkwJh tqDtwHk;
t&om 0pGm pm;csdefrdkY?
tkyfuav;awG jynfzHk;csumxm;aomfvJ?
nDwkef; or,tcgrsm;u
urmhurm<um;cJhwJh
ArmhArmom;awG&JU wdkYArmajr?
wdkYArm tarGayrdkY tEkdifr,laypaumif;?
(tdkuG,f) . . wdkYArmajyrSmjzifh
wdkYomaer,fvdkY? rqdkifolawGarmif;/
67
q&mhtjzpfrSm? b0epfembdkY?
jrefrmhacwf romr,mESifh?
tnmruGm ausmif;rSmxm;jyefordkY?
ausmif;om; oli,f vlrr,f"avhayy?
tarharmif ax&f&[ef;wdkYESifh?
jynfref; pmayoifawmh?
omoemajryvif toa&vSaywJh?
aTjrawmif omwJhwdkufqDu?
(ae) (v) ESpfaqmif ygawmfrlwJh tcdkufudkjzifh?
u'dkuf udkuf tjrefjrifvdkufawmh?
rcHcsif rmef0ifwJh tpGrf;&,fESifh?
(aMomf) . . ref;tysufwGifjzifh?
MuiSef; rufvdkufyHku? ykcef;xGufwJhNyD;?
tMurf; zufa&mh r[JhvdkY?
irf;irf;wuf oa&,kdatmif
eef;quftarGudkvJ rSef;rdwJhjyif?
ur|mef;owdESifh rqifjcif? rjrifcifrSm
ba&mufb&ufESifh?
aemufysufysuf tl;vdky?
taemufbuful;um awmifpOfpudkif;wGifjzifh?
acsmifjrifwdkif;rSm armif&ifrdIif;BuD;
Adkvf0ifcHvdkYrdkY?
[kdt&if ,ref rufrdonfh orxwrsKd;ayy?
zdkyvifysHrSm t*d& &ufSdorQxdk;&mu?
trsKd;bmom omoemiJhayonfh?
wyJhocif ]av;armif} ]Apdef} uav;wdkYESifh?
jrefrmhtcsdefaG;um atmifajreif;ra[hvdkY?
awmifajctqif;rSm (ae) rapmif;rDy?
aTa'gif;]tdk;a0} r*Zif;qDu?
tqufruif;wJh oHo&mrSm?
wyJht&if;&JU pHyrm G,f&nfSmwJh?
t,f'Dwm ]armifndKjr} &JUjyif?
(aMomf) . . ArmhtwGuf
r&orQ yGufruGqdkwJh?
or* Ou| ]armifb*srf;} wdkYudk?
"Z*okwft& atmifwzGzGref;&mu?
atmifZ,yef; anmifoajy Ekcsdefrawmh/
aemifjrefrmhpwrf; ]armifaTEk} &,fvdkY?
atmifaZ,wk >rufrqHk;EdkifrJh jyif
wufzkef;BuD;q&m ]odef;az} uav;wdkYudkjzifh?
,drf;raoG udef;aoaG;vdkufuJh?
ta&;SdvQif t&may:Mua&mh?
q&mtausmftarmf a,m*Du0d&,fu?
urmrSmaomf ta[m nD\rnD\ awmqDu
Munfhvdkufawmh/
68

jrefrmraemf aumvDrdcsdefrdkY?
aZmf0Dxd wuGufrrSdef arSmifrndKUrl?
aumvD\ jyu'defrSm ajymif;ordkYomy?
]tdk azarmifwif&JU} atmifrQKdYtvJSY txuf[dk,cifuJhodkY
ueufy[dk&f ajymif;&rSmu?
aemifodkYwuJh? atmifbdkY wyJhawGeJY?
(aMomf) . . armifwdkY&JY wuodkvf ocifausmif;/
ocifudk,fawmfrIdif; (vufaG;pifav;csKd;w&m? pm-308? 73? Zlvdkif)
(#) 1936 'kw,

d wuov
kd af usmif;om;oydwjf zpfymG ;apaom taMumif;&if;rsm;
(1) ukdEka[majymrIrsm;
(91) XmetkyfcsKyfa&;\ enf;y&d,m,fudk wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm; &dyfpm;em;vnfvmMuonf/ txl;
ojzifh wuorS wdk;wufaom vli,facgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonfh udkEk? udktkef;? udkausmfNidrf;? udkodef;az? udkatmifqef;
wdkYonf wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;rS wdk;wufaom vli,facgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh tquftoG,fjyK vufa0cH GefYaygif;tpdk;&
tm; vnf;aumif;? NAdwdoQe,fcsJUtpdk;&tm; vnf;aumif; qefYusif twdkuftcHjyKaeMuonf/
1936 Zefe0g&D (30) &uf? nae (7) em&DwGif &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;\ aemufqHk;pum;&nfvkyGJ
usif;yavonf/ xdkpum;&nfvkyGJwGif wuoOu| udkEkonf obmywdvkyfonf/ pum;&nfvkyGJ ed*Hk;csKyfwGif
udkEku wuodkvf ausmif;q&mtcsKdUonf 0ifa&mufpGufzuf? taESmifht,Sufay;aeMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf
uRefpdwfarG;vmMuvsuf tvdkawmf&d vrf;pOfudk vdkufaeMuonf[k a0zefvdkufonf/
xdYk jyif udEk o
k nf vuft
dS pd;k &\ oabmxm;udk tpnf;ta0;wckwiG f Si;f vif;wifjyavonf/ tpd;k &onf
&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;or*tm; vnf;aumif;? rsKd;cspfpdwfSdaom wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif;
tjypfrSd tjypfSm NzdKcGJvdrhfrnf? wuoESifh ausmif;om;rsm;\ aoG;pnf;nDGwfa&;udk rvdkvm;? enf;y&d,m,f
trsKd;rsKd;oHk; NzdKcJGrnfhtE&m,fudk txl;owdjyK&rnf[k a[majymcJhayonf/
xdYk jyif ausmif;tkyBf uD; 'Da*spavmh (D.J Sloss) ESihf tmPmydik rf sm;udv
k nf; a0zefcahJ vonf/ if;a0zefaom
udprsm;rSm pmar;yGJwcgusaom ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGJwESpfajzcGifh r&onfhudp? twef;xJwGif a&mufra&muf
trnfac:onfhtcg "Present" ]a&mufygonf} [k ausmif;om;u ajz&onf/ xdktajzwGif "Sir" ]vlBuD;rif;}
[k xnfhrajzrdojzifh ausmif;om;rSm (udkpdk;jrifh) twef;wufcGifhr& jzpfonfhudp? ausmif;aqmifwGif uyfxm;aom
ausmif;aMumfjimpm? trdeYf pmukd &ufveG Nf yDxif ausmif;om;u qkwrf o
d jzifh (udak tmifjrih)f ausmif;xkwcf &H onfu
h pd
ponfwYkd ukd xpfceJqv
kd Qif tjypf'PfEiS hf avsmfnaD tmif tjypfay;jcif; r[kwb
f J ocifEiS hf uRefyrm ausmif;tmPmydik f
rsm;u wzufpD;eif; jyKvkyfcJhonf[k udkEku a0zefcJhavonf/ xdkudprsm;ESifh ywfouf ausmif;om;avmurSm
rcHcsdrcHom jzpfaeonf/ tvdkawmf&d ausmif;om;rsm;udk tcGifhta&;ay;NyD; dk;dk;rSefrSefaeolrsm; tESdrfcH&? 'PfdkufcH&
qdkwJh udpr sKd;awG rcHcsifp&m rMumcP ay:aygufaeavonf/ tjyifavmuwGif ocifaygufp axmif (6) vqdkwJh
zdESdyfrIrsKd;awG awGUaecsdefrSm wuodkvfe,fajr tmPmydkifrsm;onf wuoudk rsufrkef;usKd; aecsdefjzpfonf/
1936 Zefe0g&Dv? (1) &ufaeY wuo taqmuftOD a[majymyGu
J sif;y&m udEk u
k ,ckvufdS ausmif;om;
rsm;onf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; &Sdonfh tcGihfta&;ukdomru EdkifiHhvGwfvyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifyg? e,fcsJU
qefYusifa&;wdkufyGJwGifyg yg0ifoihfaMumifh ajymMum;oGm;avonf/ 1935 ckESpf ukefcgeD;wGif wuodkvfor*ESpfywf
vnf tpnf;ta0; usif;y&m if;tcrf;tem;wGif eef;&if;0efBuD;? tcsKdU0wfvHkawmf&ESifh trwfwcsKdUyg wufa&muf
onf/ udkEku xdktcrf;tem;wGif ]rdrdcGifUwifonfUtcsdefwkef;u pmudk ausmif;tkyfBuD;uawmif;vQif Hk;cef;rSuefxkwf
ypfrnf} [k rdefYcGef;xJwGif ygoGm;onf/
(2) tdk;a0r*Zif;udpESifU i&JacG;BuD;aqmif;yg;
xdkESpfwGif ausmif;om;r@dKifjzpfaom tdk;a0r*Zif; 1936 Zefe0g&Dvxkwf? twGJ-5? trSwf-1 t*Fvdyf
u@wGif azazmf0g&D yxrywfwGif xGufvmonf "Hell Hound at large" ]i&JacG;BuD;vGwfaeNyD} [laom
aqmif;yg; ygvmonf/
69
The Hell-Hound at Large
Escaped from Awizi, a devil in the form of a balck dog. Had been during his
brief span on earth a base object of Universal odium and execration, - sentenced to
Eternal Damnation for Treachery, Theft, Presumption, Intrague, Pettifogging, Sadism,
Churlishness, Vulgarity, etc. A pimping knave with avuncular pretensions to some
cheap wiggling wenches from a well-known Hostel, he was also a hectic popularityhunter, shamming interest in Games, Concerts, Association etc., menacing the public
placed with his unwanted presence though generally welcomed to everywhere as
small-pox. His only distinguishing marks have been the abominable V.D. ulcers on
his neck and buboes due to copulation with his own wife.
Will finder please, kick him back to Hell?
Yamamin
From: "Oway" or The Voice of the Peacock, Voice of the RUSU, Jan. 1936; Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 56.
if;aqmif;yg;wGif wuodkvftmPmydkifwOD;\ csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;? tjypftemtqmrsm;? rw&m;rIrsm;udk

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xdkaqmif;yg;ESifh pyfvsOf; ta&;,lvQif rdrdtm; ta&;,lEdkifaMumif; ajymonf/ xdkaqmif;yg;Sifudk udkatmifqef;
yg;pyfrS xkwfazmfrajymrcsif; aqmif;yg;Siftm; zrf;qD;ta&;,lEdkifjcif; rjyKEdkifay/ xdktcg ausmif;tkyfBuD;pavmhu
udkatmifqef;tm;]rif;[m awmfvSefa&;orm;av;bJ} "You are a revolutionary." [k ceJYvdkuf&m?
udkatmifqef;u ]usaemf[m awmfveS af &;orm;vdq
hk &kd if usaemfu Nird ;f csr;f a&;vdv
k m;aom awmfveS af &;orm;
jzpfvrd rhf ,f} "I am a peaceful revolutionary." [k pmwapmifa&; wkefYjyefcJhonf/
udkatmifqef; zGifhrajymbJ a&iHkydwfcJhaom udpu
dk 1322 vjynfhaeYxkwf tkd;a0*sme,fwGif o0PfvTmwck
ygvmavonf/
if;o0PfvTmrSmnDav;ndKjr (udkodef;wif)
ausmif;om;b0 "Hell Hound at large" qdkwJh aqmif;yg;wdkav;wckxJeJh wuodkvfavmurSm
tnMwb0uae ausmfapmcJhwJhb0 rif;a&mufcJhw,f/
yHk
armifEk
1? 10? 60
udkatmifqef; zGifhrajymcJhonfh udpudk udkEku 0efBuD;csKyfjzpfcsdefrSm tdk;a0r*Zif;udk csD;jrifhaqmif;yg;jzifh
azmfxkwfcJhavonf/
70

(3) xdkav;a,mufaMumifh oydwfay:aygufyHk
taMumif;&if; (1)- udkEku ausmif;om;rsm;onf ausmif;udpwGifru ausmif;wGif;rSm EdkifiHa&; rdefYcGef;awGajym?
jyifyqEjyyGJawG yg0if&r,f? udkEku 'gvGwfvyfa&; vdkcsifvdkY[k a[majymcJhonfh udp/
taMumif;&if; (2)- td;k a0r*Zif;rSm ]i&JacG;BuD;vGwaf eNyD} aqmif;yg;ygvmonf/ tJ'aD qmif;yg; bmjzpfvYkdyg&vJqNkd yD;
udkEkudk ausmif;xkwf ypfonfhudp/
taMumif;&if; (3)- aqmif;yg;Sifudk rpwmpavmhu tdk;a0wm0efcHt,f'Dwm udkatmifqef;tm; azmfxkwf&rnf[k
ajymaom tcg udkatmifqef;u rajz udkatmifqef;tm; ausmif;xkwf&ef jyifqifjcif;udp/
taMumif;&if; (4)- udkEk? udkatmifqef;? ausmif;xkwfcH&NyD; udk&mSpfu Ou|wm0efcH,lNyD; ausmif;om;xktpnf;
ta0;usif;y? oydwfarSmuf&ef vHIYaqmfNyD; GwfGwfcRHcRH acgif;aqmifrI ay;cJhonf/
tJ'D (4)a,muf 'kwd,wuodkvfausmif;om; oydwfBuD;\ vQrf;vQrf;awmuf acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonf/
Source: Bogoke's Works (Mya Han)
Source: Portraits (DTY)
Source: Internet
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i&JacG;aqmif;yg;udk t*Fvdyfvdk a&;xnfhjcif;rSmvnf; taMumif;Sdonf/
or*wiG f yg0ifaom ausmif;om;rsm;onf tjyifavmuwGif ocifawGu e,fcsJUu owfrw
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qef ow0gawGvdk txifao;? udkbDat NrdKUtkyfavmif;rsm;om txifBuD;onfhacwfwGif pmar;yGJwzkef;zkef;usol
rsm;om or*wGif pka0;NyD; qlvm;ylvm; vkyfwwfw,f xifMuonfholrsm;tm; or*tzGJU0ifrsm; t*Fvdyfvdk a&;wwf
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aygufuGJaprnfh rdkif;AHk;rsm;vdk o,faqmifvmNyD; jzefYa0vdkonf/ 1936 aumvdyfoydwfBuD;onf BudKwifMuHpnfjcif;
rSdbJ taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm jzpfay:vmNyD; pnf;vHk;nDnm? atmifaMumif;jzm qdkouJhodkY nDGwfpGm &yfwnfrIaMumifh
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cJhacs/
71
udkatmifqef;uvJ ]udk,fUvl at;at;aeyg} vdkY udkndKjrudk wcGef;xJ ajymzl;onf/ &ifqdkifp&mudp
ausmif;tkyBf uD;eJY qd&k if olwa,mufxJ vkyo
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rvHIYaqmfcJhacs? NidrfNidrfuav; cH,lcJhayonf/
i&JacG;BuD;vGwfaeNyD aqmif;yg;onf(1) npfnrf;csuyf gadS pumrl vuft
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(2) if;aqmif;yg;udk &efukefESifU rEav;ausmif;om;rsm;u tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u tE&m,fuif;*gxm wckvdk usuf
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(3) tJ'Daqmif;yg;ygSdaom tdk;a0r*Zif;onf apmifa& (500) om xkwfa0cJUonfrSm ravmufriS jzpfcJUonf/
wuov
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f usL;vGeyf u
kH kd tpd;k &XmetoD;oD;odomMu&ef 0g'jzef&h ef vufEydS f
pufESifU apmifa&rsm;pGm jzefhjzL;cJUonf/ 'kwd,tBudrf yHkESdyfjcif;jzpf wjynfvHk;odkh jyefhoGm;onf/
(X) oydwpf wifjzpfay:vmjcif;

odkYjzifh wuodkvftmPmydkifrsm;onf udkEka0zefcsufudk rausreyfjzpfaepOf tdk;a0r*Zif;yg i&JacG;BuD;
aqmif;yg;ESifh ywfouf udkatmifqef;u trnfrazmfxkwfojzifh pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;ESifh ywfouf ajzSif;&ef
ajymaomtcg pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;aumfrwDonf olYtm; trSm;udkjyKvkyfcJhonf[k xifjrif,lqcJhaomf olonf
trSm;ukd 0efc&H ef toifh adS Mumif;? odYk aomf i&JacG;aqmif;yg;Sit
f rnfukd razmfxw
k Ef ikd [
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kd o
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xdef;odrf;a&;aumfrwDESifh udkatmifqef;oGm;awGUpOf olYtm; >cif;csufrSd awmif;yef0efcs&rnf[k wnhfwdk; ajAmifus
ar;cGef; rawmif;qdkcJhay/
1936 azazmf0g&D (21) &ufwGif ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpwmpavmhonf udkEktm; ausmif;rS xkwfy,fonfhpm
ydkYvdkufonf/ udkEkonf xdktaMumif;ukd rnfolYudkrQ todray;/ ausmif;tkyfBuD;pavmhodkY pmwapmifa&;om;
jyefvu
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Edik if aH &; vky&f mwGif vG,u
f al p&eftwGuf jzpfaMumif;? ausmif;rS ,ckuo
hJ Ykd xkwv
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aMumif;? taMumif;um; EdkifiHa&;wGif tcsdefjynfh 0ifa&muf vkyfudkifEdkifaomaMumifh jzpfaMumif;? ArmjynfwGif vdk
r[kwfrcH raMumufrGHUyk*dKvfrsm;vnf; Sdaeao;aMumif;ukd rdwfaqGrsm;ESifh qHkpnf;rdygu rpwmpavmh ajymjyap
vdkaMumif;jzifh ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpwmpavmhxH pmwkHYjyefcJhonf/ xdkYjyif ukdEkonf if;\ B.A. bJGUudk ausmif;tkyfBuD;
xH jyeftyfvdkufavonf/
udkausmfNidrf;onf udkEk ausmif;xkwfcH&NyD;aemuf ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpwmpavmhESifh oGm;a&muf aphpyfaomf
vnf; ausmif;tkyfBuD;u ]rif;wdkhvkyfcsif&mvkyf? igavQmhray;Ekdifbl;} [k ajym wif;rmrI avsmhroGm;ay/ xdkESpf
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udkoD[efu 0ifaxmufcHonf/
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udkatmifqef;u apmifhMunfhcsifao;onf [kajymonf/
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72

udktkef;wdkYuvnf; oabmwlonf/ udkomvS? udkxGef;wif? udkbqufwdkYuvnf; ]trsm;vkyf&if usaemfwdkh vkyfrSm
ayghAsm} [kajymonf/ xdkYaMumifh usefSdaom trIaqmif (8) OD;onf ukd,fcsif;pmoydwf vkyf&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/
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ausmif;om;rsm;tm; today;&efESifh 'k-Ou| udk&mSpf obmywdvkyf&ef trIaqmiftzGJUu qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ &efukef
wuodkvfausmif;om;or* trIaqmiftzGJU (8) OD;onf pmar;yGJrajzbJ oydwfarSmuf&ef qHk;jzwfxGufcGmvm&m
1920 'DZifbm? (5) &uf yxraumvdyfoydwf tNyD; ordkif;wGif&pfcJhonfh 'kwd,wuodkvf ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;
pwif jzpfay:vmcJhayonf/
azazmf0g&Dv (24) &ufaeYxkwf jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmwGif pmvHk;rJBuD;jzifh or*Ou| udkEk ausmif;xkwf
cH&onfhowif; ygvmavonf/ udkatmifqef;udkvnf; i&JacG;BuD; aqmif;yg;aMumifh ausmif;xkwfcH&rnf[k owif;
xGuaf eonf/ wuov
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oydwfarSmufNyD; wvMumrSom aMumfjimoifykef;wGif ausmif;xkwfrdefY xkwfjyefcJhavonf/) wausmif;vHk; ajcmufjcm;
oGm;onf/ vIyfvIyfGG jzpfvmonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; pkHk;pkHk;ESifh aqG;aEG;vmMuonf/ ]udkEkudk ausmif;xkwfwm
igwdkh ausmif;om;awGudk apmfum;wmyJ? tEdkifusifUwmyJ? wzufowfusvGef;onf} [k ajymvmMuonf/ ausmif;udk
oydwfarSmufMurnf[k wD;wdk;pum;oHrsm; xGufvmonf/ oydwfarSmuf&ef tcsif;csif; qG,fMuonf/
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pmqufzwfaeonf/
rsufESmjzLujym;wdkif; r[kwfay/ yk*HaqmifrS [ife&Dprkduf (ac:) udkvSatmif (aemif AdkvfrSL;BuD;vSatmif?
jrefrmEdkifiH ajrwdkif;Xme? TefMum;a&;0efESifh &efukef wd&pmefO,smOfBuD;Muyfa&;tzGJU Ou|)? tif;0ausmif;aqmifrS
udk[m'D (aemif 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;a[mif;)? oxHkausmif;aqmifrS udkwDuvpf (aemif AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;? wyfrawmfav)
wdkYonf rsufESmjzLujym;rsm; jzpfaomfvnf; oydwfarSmufudpw
Gif wufwuf<u<u yg0ifHkomru oydwfpcef;rsm;
wm0ef,laqmifGufcJholrsm; jzpfonf/
vlonf ta&;MuHKvmvQif pGefYol? wGefYol? aemufqkwfol? xGufajy;ol? opmazmufol? avSeHESpfzuf
eif;olrsm; Sd\/ trSm;udk jrif trSefzufodkY ul;ajymif;vm&Joludk ynmSdol? owdaumif;ol[k uifyGef;wyf&rnf/
oydwfarSmuf&ef vHIYaqmfolrsm; tm;vHk;onf ynmSdrsm;? owdaumif;olrsm; jzpfonf/ trsm;rdk;cg;a&aomuf
vdkufaomufolrsm; r[kwf? udk,fhudk,fudk a0zef todPfESifh ydkif;jcm;NyD;rS rdk;cg;a&aomufMuolrsm; jzpfonf/
udkxGef;tkHonf azazmf0g&Dv (25) &ufaeYwGif uefYuGufqEjy&ef bwfpfum; (30) pD;udk urmGwf*wfwJ
teD; jynfvrf;ay: toihfpDpOfxm;&ef udkodef;az (odef;azjrifh) tm; wm0efay;xm;onf/ azazmf0g&D (24) &ufaeY
73
n 1934-35 or*trIaqmif udo
k ed ;f aza&;om;aom ]ewft;kd uG}J pmwrf;rSm ausmif;aqmifrsm; rd;k usaTu,
kd u
f o
hJ Ykd
yvlysH vmayonf/
ewft;kd uGJ
Armqdkwm ocifrsKd;? uRefrsKd;r[kwf

odkYtwGuf ocifusifh usihf? ocifMuH MuH?
'l;rwkefbl;? &ifrckefbl;/
rnfolYtapmfum;rS rcH/
apmfum;wJholudk 'l;eJYwdkufr,f/
udo
k ed ;f az (ode;f azjrif)h
jrif;pD; txD;rSef; trrSef;rodvQif vltvle[k ac:Muonf/ odkYjzpfvQif igwdkYwawGonf igwdkY oifMum;

aeaom ynmonf ynmwkavm? ynmppfavm[k a0zefrodvQif igwdkYtm; urmu vltvleawG[k ac:qdkavrnf/
o[mu Oz,m;avm? pdefppfavm? vlt? vle? vlnHh? vlYrEl;reyf? vlpdrf;pyf tjzpfrsKd; ra&muf&ef igwdkY
ckoifaeaom ynmvnf; tb,ftajctaeqdkonfudk igwdkY odzdkYvdkavonf/ aS;u wuodkvfynmukd uRefynm[k
vnf;aumif;? NrdKUtkyfynm[k vnf;aumif; trsKd;rsKd; ac:Muayonf/ xdkpum;onf igwdkY ckacwf rrSefawmh/
tck igwdkY ynmonf ewftdk;uGJynmomwnf;? ewftdk;uGJwdkY rnfonf tb,fae&mrQ oHk; raumif;ay/
ewftdk;uGJynm [kwfyg\avm? rSefyg\avm? uJ jykyfxkwfMupdkY/
bDtufpfpD atmifvQif bmvkyfwwfygoenf;/ tjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm; pufbufuqdkygvQif em&D? armfawmfum;?
av,mOfysH ponfwdkYudk vkyfwwfonf/ qyfjym? acgif;vdrf;qDrSp txnftvdyf? ouvyf? ydk;? zJ ponfwdkYudk
vkyfEdkifonf/ a<uyef;uef? a<uu&m;rSp oHxnf? oHtoHk;taqmifrsm; vkyfenf; uRrf;Muonf/ igwdkY odyHbJGU
yk*dKvfausmfBuD;rSmrl em&DwvHk;udkrS ae&mwus wyfjcif;? jzKwfjcif; rjyKwwf? qyfjymwwHk; jzpfatmif rvkyfwwf?
jzpfjyefygvnf; toHk;rus? toHk;r0if? a<uu&m;vkyfzdkY aeaeomom a<u&nfudk yHkroGif;wwfacs/ b,f"mwfESifh
b,f"mwfpyfu bmjzpfvnf;? b,f"mwfudk rD;tylay;vdkufu b,fvdkjzpfoGm;onf? b,f[mudk bmac:vnf;?
b,f'if; bmaMumifh jzpf&onf? b,f[mESifh b,fnmaygif;u b,f[mjzpfonf wdkYudkum; oifyg\/ onf"mwfESifh
onf"mwfaygif;vdkY onf[mjzpfvmwmudk b,fvdkae&m toHk;cs&rnfudkum; roifMum;/ b,f"mwfudk rD;tyl
xdvdkufaomf b,fvdkjzpfoGm;wmyJ/ tJonfawmh b,fvdk toHk;cs&w,fqkdwmudkawmh roif/ OyrmqdkvQifum;
prkefrsKd;ig;yg;? ZmwdydKvf? qm;ykwfcJ? EG,fcsKd a&maygif; axmif;u vsufqm;jzpfonfudk oifyg\/ onfvsufqm;udk
acsmif;qdk;vQif vsuf&rnfavm? 0rf;csKyfvQif oHk;&rnfavm? rdef;rvdkcsifawmh aqmif&rnfavm? odkYr[kwf wuodkvf
ausmif;awmfBuD; tay:qHk;xyfwufawmh rl;vdkYI&rnfavm ponfrsm;udkrl ay,smvuef 0uGuf csefcJhonf/
pdefESihf oHyk&mazsmfvdkuf[k vldkif;wa,mufudk cdkif;\/ 'gbmvkyf&rvJq&m[kqdkvQif rif;aumif;r,f xifovdk
Munfhvkyf[k jyefMum;avu vldkif;onf bkrodbrodESifh pdefoHyk&mukd aomufvdkufvQif aozdkYyif Sdawmhonf/
igwdkYtm; oifydkYaomynmonfvnf; xdkYtwlyifwnf;/
ocsFm*kPfxl;wef; ausmif;om;rsm;onf tyifyef;BuD;cH oifMu&yg\/ pmtkyfawG vefcsm;ESpfpD;wdkufrQ
zwf&yg\/ odkYaomf xdkynmrsm;onf avmuESifhbmrQrqdkif? ausmif;om;wdkY oifwdkYonf ynmukdb,fae&m toHk;jyK
Muawmh[k rTef;acs/
tjcm; tjcm;aom EdkifiHwdkY wuodkvfausmif;rsm;ESihf wGJum pufHkBuD;rsm;? tvkyfHkBuD;rsm; xm;Sdonf/
igwdkY Armjynfu wuodkvfrSm tpdk;&u rsufESmjzLrsm;udkom tdrfaumif;? ,maumif; aqmuf ay;onf/ igwdkYtwGuf
pufHktvkyfHkrsm; aqmufay;&ef ydkufqHrSd[k nmMuonf? jzef;Muonf? ajAmifvdrfonf? tpdk;&onf igwdkYtm;
uwfAm&D acsmuvdwfudk rauR;? awmfzDavmufudkom auR;aeonf/
wzef 0dZmwef;awGudk MunfhMuygOD;/ 0dZmqdkwm {&mryk*dKvfBuD;awG[k ac:prSwfjyKMu\/ 0dZmqdkwm
ArmhjynfwGif rnfolESifhrQ rwl? ylZmp ylZmae,smeH? ylaZmfcHxdkufaom yk*dKvfrsm;omjzpfonf[k igwdkYu txifBuD;
cJhMuonf/ odkYaomf igwdkY ynmum; usD;tmoD;uJhodkY tay:tqif;om vS twGif;cH nHhavonf/
t*FvdyfpmwGif SdwfpyD;,m;? bdkifGef? rpfvwef? *dkvfprpfwdkY oif&yg\/ xdkpmwdkYudk zwf&ojzifh tysKdpm
74

a&;wwfjcif;? tysif;ajy pmzwfwwfjcif;? pdwfEl;nHh uRefoabm jzpfcsifjcif;rS wyg; tjcm;taMumif;udk rwwfacs/
onfpum;ESifh ywfouf jrefrmpmGefYaygif; ed'gef;usrf;wGif
I hope this work will furnish ample materials to write text books in Burmese for use in all
schools and colleges in Burma with a view to inculcating imperial idea as it is intended.
ponfjzifh pmwnf;ua&;cJhonf/ xdkYtwl txufygq&mBuD;rsm; pmudkoifay;aeonfrSm tifyD&D,,f

&xm;BuD; rSefrSefNidrfNidrf armif;Edkif&efjzpfonf/
Political Science udk oif&mvnf; Political Science vdkY bmhaMumifhac:&yHk/ State qdkonfum;
b,fvdkb,f0g? Constitution qdkonfum; onfuJhodkY ponfjzifhom oif&if; tcsdefukefcJhonf/ ,HkrSm OD;csKdrSd?
a>rrSm ajcrayguf qdkoavmufom SdcJhonf/
odkYjzpf 0dZm? odyHynmonf enf;twdkif;qdkvQif ysm;&nfrSdaom ysm;tHk? tqHrSdaom opfMum;oD;?
teHYrSdaom aygufaygufyef;ESifhom wlbdonf/ K.S.M, A.T.M ponfhbGJUrsm;udk igwdkYausmif;om;rsm;onf uJh&JUcJh
Mu\/ igwdkY B.A, B.Sc. wdkYESifh xdkbGJUrsm;rSm rsm;pGmruGmvSonfudk owdjyKrdyg\avm/ aS;url xdkpmar;yGJrsm;
atmifvQif tpdk;&xH tvkyf&ao;\/ olaX;wdkYxH tvkyf&Muao;\/
,ckrl tpdk;&u tvkyfaemufxyf rcefYonfhtjyif vufSdrsm;udkvnf; jzKwfypfaeacsNyD/ olaX;wdkufrsm;wGif
vnf; B.A, B.Sc., awG B.L., awG nyfaeNyD/ igwdkY ae&mr&Muawmh? acG;ae&mr&awmhonfESifh rjcm;awmhNyD/
Armav;awG arQmfvifhjcif;uif; xif&mr&rf;Mu&ef I.C.S., B.Sc., tpdk;&ynmoifponfrsm;u Sdygao;\/
odkYaomf w&mwa,mufrQ rSd&um; aygufyifudk armhMunfhum aygufyGifhudk trJom;rSwf ajrmfrdrSm;aom acG;yrm
igwdkY 'kuESifhawGUzdkYom Sdawmhonf/
aemif- onfxuf Armrsm; cufawmhrnf/ wGJzuftpD&ifcHpmwGif igwdkYawGU&onfrSm rD;&xm;? taumufHk;
paom ae&mrsm;udk t*Fvdyfujym;rsm;twGuf tvkyfoD;oefYxm;&ef jzpfojzifh aejrifhav tl;&ifhav qdkouJhodkY
MumavnHhav jzpfcJhNyD/ abmvHk;uefwwfonfh wdkifatmif taumufHk; tvkyf&csifrS &awmhrnf/ igwdkYESifhwuG
igwdkYwrsKd;vHk; epfemacsNyD/ aumif;EdkifMuygao;\avm/
odkY tESpfrSd tumtwdjzpfaom ynm&yfrsm;udkyifvQif igwdkYArmuav;rsm;rSm aiGukef? tcsdefukefcH
oifMum; aeonfomru ausmif;wGif aeonfhtcgvnf; ausmif;tkyfBuD; paom q&mrsm;\ trsKd;rsKd; csKyfcs,fjcif;udk
uRJ? EGm;rsm;yrm cHMuapvdkao;\/
tdk- ausmif;awmfom;wdkY? igwdkY vlBuD; rdbwdkYonf om;orD;rsm;udk vljzpf&ef ausmif;odkY xm;jcif;
jzpfonf r[kwfygavm/ odkYjzpfvQif b,ftwGuf vlYtcGifhta&;udk em;rvnfoa,mif? aMumifawmifawmif vkyf
aeMubdoenf;/ rdrdwdkY tcGifhta&;SdorQ ajyma&;qdkcGifh[lorQwdkYudk ]qdka&;Sdu qdkwwfpG} qdkouJhodkY ajymMu?
jyMu? vkyfMurS oifhayrnf/ odkYr[kwfygu igwdkYomru wrsKd;vHk;ESihfwuG aemiftqufquf ausmif;odkY a&mufSd
rnfh igwdkY\ trsKd;tEG,frsm;\ *kPfusufoa&udkyg xdckdufysufjym;rnfudk ,cku igwdkYu q,fwif&ef 0w&m;Sd
ayonf r[kwfwHkavm/ oifwdkY vkyf&nfudkif&nftwGuf aemifvmaemufom;wdkY tusKd;cHpm;&vQif toifwdkY emrnfonf
aemif &mZ0ifwGif O'gef;wGif&pf Muayvdrfhrnf/ toifwdkY\ 0w&m;ukd toifwdkYraqmifGufu aemifvmaemufom;
wdkY\ wHawG;cGufwGif tarmifwdkY emrnfawG yufvufajrmMuvdrfhrnf/
xdkYaMumifh igwdkYab;udk igwdkYumuG,f&efrSm ]rnfolrjyK rdrdrI} qdkouJhodkY igwdkYBudK;pm;um aqmifGufMu&
vdrfhrnf/ igwdkY 'kursm;rSm nHhzsif;pkwfcsmaom ynma&;pepfaMumifhjzpfonf/ tdrfa[mif;udk zsuf tdrfopf
aqmufouJhodkY igwdkY ynma&;pepf pkwfBuD;udk zsuf igwdkY tdrfopfaqmufMu ukefthH/ igwdkY ArmvlrsKd;ESihf
wefaom igwdkY&xdkufaom ynmudk&atmif BudK;pm;MuukeftHh/ igwdkYonf 0dZm? odyHatmifvQif tvkyfvufrJhjzpfapaom
pepfudkrvdk? igwdkYtm; xdkab;rS u,fq,frnfh ynmudk&apygonf/ pdeftppfudkay;rS auseyfMurnf/ Oz,m;
udkay;rl vm;vm;rQ r,lvdk/
tdk- aSUa&; aemufa&;udk arQmfawG;wwfMuaom wuodkvfausmif;om;wdkY? ]vdv
k QiMf uq
H enf;vrf;&}? ]BuKd ;pm;u
bk&m;jzpf} ponfwdkYudk aSUaqmifxm; nDnDnmnm BudK;pm;Muygukef/
tdrfaqmuf&m opfSm? 0g;ckwf? vTwdkuf? aqmufxGif;? yJcGyfudkif ponfjzifh toD;oD; 0w&m;SdorQudk
aqmifGufMurS igwdkYESifhwuG aemifvmaemufom;rsm; vltjzpf wnfEdkifMurnf jzpfownf;/
odef;az
if;pmudk ausmif;om;rsm; atmfBuD;[pfus,f zwfMuonf? oabmawGUMuonf/

1936 azazmf0g&Dv (25) &ufaeY? aeYvnf (2) em&DausmfrSp wuodkvfe,fajr vIyfvIyfGG jzpfvmonf/
or*taqmuftOD ausmif;om;rsm; [dkwpk? 'Dwpk pkpkHk;Hk;jzpfaeonf/ xdkaeYeHeufxkwf jrefrmowif;pmrsm;
75
wGifvnf; ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; nae (4) em&DwGif jyKvkyfrnfhtaMumif; ygvmonf/ udkatmifqef;udkvJ
ausmif;xkwfvdrhfrnf[k owif;xGufaeonf/ xdkowif;aMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; ydkrauseyfMuay/ ]igwhkd tepfemcH
MurS aemifvmrnfU ausmif;om;rsm; aumif;pm;rnf} [k ausmif;om;rsm; oabmaygufvmMuonf/ ,HMk unfvmMuonf/
rcHcsifpdwfrsm; wzGm;zGm; jzpfay:vmonf/ pdwftm;xufoefonfxuf xufoefvmonf/ qEjya&;xuf oydwf
arSmufa&;yg pdw0f ifpm;vmMuonf/ nae (4) em&D tpnf;ta0; rwdik rf t
D csdef oydwo
f nf rd;k csKef;ouJo
h Ykd jrnf[;D
ay:vmayonf/
nae (4) em&D? or*tpnf;ta0;cef;rBuD;wGif ausmif;om; 700 ausmfSdonf/ trmcH ausmif;om;tcsKdU
or*aSU jrufcif;jyif pk;kH aeMuonf/ tpnf;ta0;cef;r Ou|\ ukvm;xdik f aemufausmbufwiG f o&Jatmifvu
H dk
tvsm;vdkuf csxm;onf/
Ou|udEk k 0ifvmaomtcg ausmif;om;tm;vH;k vufcyk f em;uGv
J rk wwf wD;Muonf/ ud&k mSpf 0ifvmaom
tcg yxrenf;wl tm;ay;Muonf/ udkEkonf ausmif;xkwfcH&NyD; ausmif;om;r[kwfawmh tpnf;ta0; obmywd
rvkyb
f J owif;axmufrsm;\ aSUqH;k tv,fwef; xdik o
f nf/ udEk \
k nmbuf udak tmifqef;xdik o
f nf/ ud&k mSpu
f
obmywd? udkoD[efu twGif;a&;rSL;vkyfonf/ ukd&mSpfonf tpnf;ta0;ac:&onfh taMumif;&if;udk t*Fvdyfvdk
tus,fw0ifh Sif;jyonf/
udk&mSpfu ]udkEk ausmif;xkwfcH&onfU udpESifUywfouf tm;vHk;odNyD;jzpfaMumif;? udkatmifqef;udkvnf;
pmar;yGJrvkyfrD rwfvavmuf ausmif;xkwfrnf[k tcdkiftvHk odSdxm;aMumif;? aemif or*trIaqmif 3? 4 OD;
udv
k nf; ausmif;xkwv
f rd rUf nf[k tcdik t
f vHk odx
dS m;aMumif;? xdahk MumifU if;wdhk xkwcf &H onfukd uefu
h u
G o
f nft
U aeESiUf
rdrdtrIaqmiftzGJYonf pmar;yGJrajzMu&ef qHk;jzwfaMumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;udkvnf; wdkufwGef;vdkaMumif;? odkhaomf
tpnf;ta0;rS qHk;jzwfcsufudk vufcHrnfjzpfaMumif;} ajymMum;oGm;onf/
udkcifarmifuav;u ]ausmif;tkyfBuD;rpwmpavmh jyKrlcsufrsm;onf tvGefyif emusnf;p&maumif;onf/
usaemfwo
hkd nf vlnaUH wGr[kw?f oHrPdrsm;jzpfonf/ oHrPdpw
d "f mwfadS Mumif; ,ckjy&rnf} [kajym&m MobmoHBuD;rsm;
qlnHoGm;onf/
udkpdefwdk;u ]udEk Ek iS Uf udak tmifqef;tm; ausmif;xkwv
f u
kd o
f nft
U wGuf rpwmpavmUtm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif;}
tqdkwifoGif;onf/ udkoD[efu axmufcHonf/
udkvSazu ]ausmif;tkyfBuD;\ jyKrlcsufrsm;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udkomru Armjynfudkyg apmfum;&m
a&mufonf/ ausmif;qufae tusK;d rS?d oydwaf rSmufMuyg} [k tqdkwifoGif;onf/ udkatmifjrifhu axmufcHvdkuf
onf/
]pwdkuf? pwdkuf}
]oydwfarSmuf? oydwfarSmuf}
toHrsm; tpnf;ta0;wcef;vHk; qlnHaeonf/
udkausmfNidrf;u ]olonf arQmfvifUcsufrsm;pGm pGefhvTwf ausmif;rSxGuf&ef qHk;jzwfNyD;jzpfonf/ olhuJUodkh
ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;rSxu
G &f ef} tqdkjyKvkdufonf/ udkvSazu axmufcHonf/ tpnf;ta0;wckvHk; oydwfarSmuf?
oydwfarSmuftoHrsm; qlnHvmonf/
udkvSazu ]azazmf0g&Dv (23) &ufaehuyif or*trIaqmifrsm;? tzGJY0ifrsm;ESifUtwl pmar;yGJrajzbJ
ukd,fcsif;pmoydwfarSmufrnf[k uwday;xm;NyD;jzpfonf} [kajymonf/
udkomvSu ]olonf tvGefqif;&J\/ olhOD;av;u ausmif;xm; ausmif;ae&onf/ ausmif;rS axmufyHUMu;
awmif;cHae&onf/ ol\b0&nfrSef;csufudk pGefhvTwf pmar;yGJudk oloydwfarSmufvdkufNyD} [kajymonf/ udkpdk;jrifh
(rdk;ndK) u ],aeh 'kwd,trsKd;om;aeh} [kajymonf/
xdktcg udkEku ]nDtudk armifErS wd?hk usaemfausmif;xkwcf &H ,ckuo
hJ hkd qlyal eMuonfrmS xef;oD;a<ucdu
k f
usD;em;vdkufwJU oabmomjzpfw,f/ tdEd,u yJpm;wJUukvm;awGvdkh ac:ayr,fh ukvm;rsm;onf bDatbGJYrsm;? tdkif
tufpD&mxl;rsm; jyeftyfMuonf/ usaemfwdkhonf bDatbGJYavmufom jyeftyfEdkifojzifU Sufp&maumif;onf/ tdEd,
bk&ifcHcsKyf armifUavmU'ftm0ifu ]tdEd,jynfonf uRefoufSnfSnfaeoGm;&ef ynma&;Xmeudk tkyfcsKyfa&;XmeuJhodkh
tkyfcsKyf&rnf/ ynmoifMum;a&; p&dwfBuD;BuD;xm;&rnf} [kajymoGm;onf/ 'Dtcsuf (2) csufSdaeorQ umvywfvHk;
oydwaf rSmufzhkd wifoiG ;f &rSmyJ} [k udkEku ajymvdkufaomtcg 1930 urmhpD;yGm;ysufuyfESifh Armjynf pD;yGm;ysufuyf
usa&mufaecsdef jzpf wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;u ausmif;vcESifh tjcm;p&dwfrsm;avQmh&ef awmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf;
76

ausmif;tkycf sKyfa&;tzGUJ u vspfvsLIco
hJ nf/ 1934-35 wGif ausmif;p&dwaf vsmhaygha&;udk xyfraH wmif;qdck ahJ omfvnf;
wuodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDu ausmif;om;tcsKdUudk ac:,lESpfodrfhjzm;a,mif;um uwdrwnfrIrsm; jyKcJhavonfrSm
SdaecJh tpnf;ta0;cef;onf tkwftkwfusufusufESifh
]oydwfarSmuf? oydwfarSmuf} atmfoHrsm; yJhwifxyfoGm;onf/ tcsKdUausmif;om;rsm; aemufaz;avSum;rS
jyefMu&ef ajy;Muonf/ aemufaz;avSum; udkxGef;tkH? udkbqufESifh trmcHausmif;om;wcsKdUSdonf/ if;wdkYu
]usaemfwu
hkd kd eif;Ny;D qif;oGm;yg}[k avSum;xdyf xdkifcsvdkufonf/ udkodef;azu xdktcsdefwGif vufwdkY bwfpfum;
rsm;udk urmGwf*wfwJteD;rS or*taqmuftODaSUodkY armif;0ifvmaponf/
obmywd udk&mSpfu oydwfarSmufwifoGif;xm;onfhtqdkudk jyefpOf;pm;&ef (3) Budrfajymonf/
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ay;jcif;jzpfonf/
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aygufudk vufndK;xdk; tif;vsm;aqmifrS ausmif;olor*udk,fpm;vS,frsm; (15) OD;cefY - rcifjr (aemif uxdu?
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ausmif;ol (15) a,mufcefY - tm;jyNyD; ]rde;f cav;awGyg&if a,mufsm;av;awG bmowad MumifwmvJ? xrde0f wfMua[h?
pwdkuf pwdkuf} [k atmfMujyefonf/ ausmif;om;tcsKdUonf udkEktm; ykckH;xrf; atmufodkY ac:oGm;onf/
udk&mSpfu ]uJ oydwfarSmufzdkh qHk;jzwfNyD;NyD? or*&Jabmfwdkh? vdkufygzdkhawmU rwdkufwGef;vdkygbl;? 'gayr,fU 'DudprSm
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tEdkifEdkifajym&if; ausmif;om;tcsKdUu csKdif;ESpfbufrSr,l atmufokdY ac:aqmifoGm;Muonf/ tif;vsm;aqmifSd
ausmif;olrsm;onfvnf;Rightly or Wrongly
My Country is My Country
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77
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ausmif;om;xkBuD; wcJeuf oydwfarSmufvdkufonfhtwGuf e,fcsJUtpdk;& rsufvHk;jyL;? rsufqHjyL; jzpfoGm;onf/
oydwf BuD;onf 1938 ck? yxrtaxGaxGoydwfBuD; aSUajy;ozG,f jzpfvmawmhonf/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;
acgif;aqmifrsm;onf t&if;Sife,fcsJU NAdwdoQpepfqdk;\ &ufpufzdESdyfIwfcsrIudk rsuf0g;xifxif ay:vGifatmif
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12/ o&Judkbat;
13/ udkndKxGef;
14/ rtrm
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16/ rtkef;
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21/ udkvScifarmif
22/ udkodef;az
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24/ udkEk
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apmifah Smufa&;wm0efcrH sm;onfvnf; &efyakH iGtwGuf pmtkypf mwrf;rsm; a&mif;csjcif;? oydwaf rSmuf&yHu
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2/ OD;ausmfjrifh (0wfvHk)
3/ a'gufwmOD;ausmfNidrf;
78

4/ a':ESif;jr wdkY acgif;aqmifyg0ifonf/
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qif;&Jom;0HomEktzGJUacgif;aqmif a'gufwmbarmf eef;&if;0eftjzpfaqmifGuf GefYaygif;tpdk;& tkyfcsKyfae
csdefjzpfonf/ a'gufwmbarmfESifh rEav;OD;bOD;wdkYonf trsKd;om;wuf<uvIyfSm;rI? e,fcsJUqefUusifa&;udpr sm;ukd
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atmif tiftm;jyoMuonf/
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ta&;rsm; AGufaygufatmif vIyfSm;aecsdefjzpfonf/
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rsm;ESihf tpd;k &ausmif;rsm;odYk omG ;um oydww
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f if;&ef BudK;yrf;Muonf/ aTw*d akH pwDawmf oydwpf cef; usef&pfaom
ausmif;om;xkrmS vnf; oydwaf rSmufausmif;om; &Jabmfopfrsm;tvmudk 0rf;omtm;& qD;BudKMuonf/ oydwaf rSmuf
umvtwGi;f waeYwmukeq
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Gwfa&;? enf;Tefvrf;jy ynmay;w&m;rsm; a[majymavhSdonfudk oydwfarSmufausmif;om;tm;vHk; pdwftm;xuf
oefpmG pka0;em;axmifMuonf/ 1920 wuov
kd f yxrausmif;om;oydwf tawGUtMuHK&cJo
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om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tzdkYvnf; tawGUtMuHK &ifhusufcJhNyDjzpfonf/ NAdwdoQe,fcsJUenf;y&d,m,fudk 1936 oydwf
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tjcm;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf NrdKUrsm;odkYoGm;a&muf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;wifjyum vlxktpnf;ta0;BuD;rsm;
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if; (10) csufrSm1/ ,leDAmpDwDtufOya'udk jyifay;&ef?
2/ aumvdyfausmif;raeaomfvnf; ,leDAmpDwDu ppfaq;aom pmar;yGJrsm; 0ifa&mufajzqdkcGifhay;&ef?
3/ ausmif;vc? xrif;zdk;ESifhwuG pmar;yGJ0ifcGifhrsm; avsmhcs&ef?
4/ or*rS ausmif;om;rsm;udk,fpm; epfemcsufrsm;udk ajymqdkcGifhESifh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk
ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;u vufcHajymqdkrnfr[kwfqdkaom qkH;jzwfcsufudk zsufodrf;ay;&ef?
5/ udkatmifqef;tm; ausmif;xkwfypfrnfqdkaom trdefYtwnfjzpfvQif xdktrdefYudk y,fzsuf olYtm;
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6/ ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;\ vufwGif; ausmif;om;rsm;udk xkwfy,fEdkifaom tcGifhtmPmudk kyfodrf;
tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUom xdktmPmxm;Sd&ef?
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8/ ausmif;om;rsm; rdrdwdkYpmar;yGJtajzpmtkyfudk MunfhcGifhay;&ef?
9/ oydwfarSmuf&yfpJaomtcg ausmif;om;rsm; pmusufcsdef&&eftwGuf pmar;yGJudktenf;qkH; wvaTU
qdkif;&ef?
80

10/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;tm; wdkufkdufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufjzpfap ppfaMumar;jref;jcif;? tjypfay;
jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfrnfr[kwf[k 0efcHcsufay;&ef?
-ponfwdkYjzpf\/
txufygawmif;qdck surf sm;udk 'dik t
f mcDtpd;k &? ,leAD mpDwaD usmif;tkycf sKyfa&;tzGUJ ponfwYkdukd ay;ydYkawmif;qdk
aomfvnf; ausmif;tkycf sKyfa&;tzGUJ u usi;f yaeMupmar;yGu
J o
kd m tcsed rf eS u
f si;f y&ef pDpOfco
hJ nf/ wuov
kd t
f yk cf sKyfa&;
aumifpDonf azazmf0g&Dv (28) &ufwGif ausmif;om;rsm;udk ta&;,lcH&rnf jzpfaMumif; ajymMum;cJhonf/ xdkpOfu
0efBuD;csKyf (2) OD;jzpfaom OD;babESifh a'gufwmbarmfu wwfEdkiforQ vkyfaqmifay;rnf[kajymaomfvnf; Oya'
aumifpDwGif *VKefOD;apm\ uefYuGufrIjzifh oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm; r&Sday/
(w) 1936 ref;Oypmaumvdy?f udAk [de;f ESihf ppfuikd ;f 0dik ;f pOfu

1936 &efuek w
f uov
kd rf S udEk ?k ud&k mSp?f udak tmifqef;wdYk OD;pD;NyD; oydwaf rSmufaomtcg ref;Oypmaumvdyf
ausmif;om;rsm;onf azazmf0g&Dv (27) &ufwGif aemifawmfwuodkvf ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;udk ulnDonfhtaeESifh
0dkif;0ef; oydwfarSmufMuonf/ 1934 ckwGif ref;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;or* zGJUpnf;NyD;jzpfonf/ Ou|rSm
udkA[def;jzpf? twGif;a&;rSL;rSm udkcifarmifwif jzpfonf/ udkA[def;ESifh udkcifarmifwifwdkYonf ta&;awmfykHtwGif;
rEav;NrdKUay:rS ausmif;rsm;odkY vSnfhvnfNyD; oydwfarSmuf&ef vIHYaqmfonf/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;udk Oypm
aumvdyfausmif;om;BuD;rsm;u OD;aqmif xdef;ay;Muonf/ txufwef;ausmif;rS ausmif;om;aygif; (2000)
ausmf yg0ifcJhonf/ oydwfpcef;rSm ousoD[bk&m;twGif;? taemufawmifaxmifh tkwfZ&yfBuD;jzpfonf/ xdktcsdef
rEav;NrdKU ESifh teD;qHk;jzpfaom ppfudkif;txufwef;ausmif;rSm oydwfrarSmufao;ay/ ref;OypmaumvdyfwGif
ppfudkif;rS ausmif; om; (10) OD;cefYSdaomfvnf; ppfudkif;ausmif; oydwfarSmuf&ef rBudK;pm;Edkifay/
ppfudkif;ausmif;wGif aeYausmif;om;rsm;rSm (350) cefY? (120) cefYrSm taqmifausmif;om;rsm;jzpfonf/
aeYausmif; om;rsm;om pnf;Hk;&ojzifh aeYausmif;om;rsm;u ref;OypmaumvdyfSd ausmif;om;rsm;tultnDESifh
oydwaf rSmufMu onf/ pmar;yGrJ sm;jyKvky
f rEav;wGio
f ydww
f m;&m ppfuikd ;f wGiv
f nf; oydww
f m;&ef vdv
k mayonf/
xdktcg ref;oydwfodkY tultnDawmif;&m udkA[def;ESifh udkcifarmifwif acgif;aqmif oydwfausmif;om;
(100) cefYonf ppfudkif;odkY oGm;a&muf oydwfwm;Muonf/ ppfudkif;ausmif;0if;twGif; ydwfqdkYHkrQrvHkavmufbJ
pmoifcef;rsm; ukdyg ydwfqdkY&ef vdkvmonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ppfudkif;ausmif;0if;rSm oGwfeef;BudK;
av;wef ; umxm;jzpf o nf / ausmif ; xJ u d k ud k o d e f ; armif (aemif Ad k v f r S L ;od e f ; armif ) ES i f h ud k j rif h u
tvHudkif0ifoGm;onf/ xdkYaemuf q&mrsm;ESifh pum;ajym&ef udkjrihfESifh udkA[def; ae&mvJvdkufonf/ ausmif;tkyfBuD;
rpwma'gif;u udkA[def;wdkYudk oydwfrwm;&efESifh ausmif; ayguf0udk Sif;vif;ay;&ef
]rif;wdkh xGufoGm;} [kajymqdkaomtcg udkA[def;u
]usaemfrxGufEdkifaMumif;? oydwfarSmufaumifpD\ trdefht& vma&mufjcif;jzpfygaMumif;? xGufroGm;Edkifyg
cifAsm;? tu,f usaemfwdkh usL;vGefonfxifygu ykvdyfudk taMumif;Mum;ay;yg} [kajymonf/
xdktcg ausmif;tkyfBuD;u
]ig ykvyd u
f kd *krpdu
k }f [kajymNyD; olYnmvufz0g;jzifh udkA[def;yg;udk dkufcsvdkuf&m udkA[def;rSm ae&m
acGusoGm;onf/ oydwfwm;ausmif;om;rsm; kwfkwfoJoJjzpfaepOf rpwma'gif;onf tcsdefqGJraebJ ausmif;aqmif
twGif; toifhapmifhaeaom ol\tvdkawmf&d abmf'gausmif;om;rsm; bufodkYvSnfhNyD;
]wynfUwdkh? csMua[h? csMua[U} [k xyfrHatmf[pfum trdefYay;vdkufonf/
abmf'gaqmiftwGi;f rS uif;axmuf ausmif;om; (50) cefYonf cavmufww
k Bf uD;rsm; qGu
J ikd u
f m ajy;xGuf
vmNyD; oydwfwm;ausmif;om;rsm; tm;vHk;udk odrf;usHK;NyD; dkufESufMuonf/ oydwfwm;ausmif;om;rsm;onf oydwf
aumifpD tpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsuft& bmrS jyefrvkyfMuay/ ausmif;om; (12) OD;cefY 'Pf&mtjyif;txef&SdNyD;?
udAk [de;f tygt0if ausmif;om;trsm;pk 'Pf&m&SMd uonf/ tjyif;xefq;kH 'Pf&m&olrsm;rSm udw
k if (aemif Adv
k rf LS ;BuD;
wifpdk;) ESifh udkyk (xdkpOfu 0ufpvD,ef ausmif;om;) wdkU jzpfonf/ ppfudkif;aq;HkwGif aq;0g;uko&m roufom
rEav;aq;HkodkY ydkYuko&avonf/ oydwfwm; ref;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om; udkcifndK (aemif 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;)
rSmvnf; tdkufcH&ol ausmif;om;rsm;tm; umuG,f&ef vltkyfxJodkY ajy;0ifoGm; ppfudkif;tpdk;& ausmif;om;
uif;axmufrsm;\ wkwfpmjzpfoGm;onf/
81
(x) oydww
f m;xGuMf ujcif;
ukd&mSpfacgif;aqmifaom oydwfarSmufausmif;om;? ausmif;olwdkYpdwf"mwfrSm tjrifhqHk; a&mufaecsdef
jzpfonf/ oydwaf rSmuf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;\ pm;0wfaea&;udk acgif;aqmiftoD;oD;u wm0ef,l aqmifu
G f
aeMuonf/ oydwfvkyfief;ay:vpD wuodkvftmPmydkifrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifa&;udpw
Gif oydwfarSmufaumifpD0if (Inner
Circle) tjrJaqG;aEG; wdkifyifaeMuonf/ oydwfarSmufolrsm;xJwGif tvdkawmf&d owif;ay;avmufaumifrsm;
Sdwef&monf/ rnfolrnf0g[k cGJjcm;odEdkif&ef udkausmfNidrf; acgif;xJwGif axmufvSrf;a&;tzGJUzGJU&ef pdwful;ay:vmNyD;
oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;ESifh aumifpD0ifrsm;tm; udkausmfNidrf;\ axmufvSrf;a&;tzGJUrsm;u SJ'dk;vkyfonf/
rwfvpmar;yGJudk wuodkvftmPmydkifrsm;u rjzpfjzpfatmif usif;y&ef qHk;jzwfNyD;jzpfonf/ xdkpmar;yGJ
0ifa&mufajzqd&k ef A[kad usmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; pkaqmif;aexdik af ponf[k udak usmfNidr;f \ axmufvrS ;f
a&;tzGJUrS oydwfowif; &Sdonf/ xdktcsdefu ,leDAmpDwDausmif;om; OD;a&rSm (800) ausmfSd aeYausmif;om;OD;a&
(300) ausmf Sdonf/ ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;OD;a& (700) ausmf bk&m;ay:odkY a&mufSdaeonf/ ,if;tcsdefwGif
rnfonhu
f pd E iS jhf zpfap oGm;a&mufaom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tmPmydik w
f Ykd u A[dak usmif;aqmifrsm;twGi;f aeYa&mnyg
ac:xm;onf/udkausmfNidrf; owif;rSm A[dkausmif;aqmifrsm;twGif; a&mufSdaeaom pmar;yGJ0ifajzvdkolrsm;qDu
r[kwfay/ bk&m;&ifjyif oydwfpcef;odkY a&mufvmaom olrsm;qDu jzpfonf/
xdkausmif;xJodkY a&mufvmolrsm;udk tmPmydkifrsm;u ppfaq;NyD; ausmif;aqmifwdkYwGif cGJ oD;jcm;xm;&m
pm;a&;? aomufa&; usyfwnf; usOf;ajrmif;aeonf/ ,if;udpE iS yhf wfouf oydwaf rSmufaumifp\
D qH;k jzwfcsuft&
pm;a&;? aomufa&; usyfwnf; usOf;ajrmif;olwdkYtwGuf tpm;taomuf aeYpOfoGm;ydkY&ef bk&m;&ifjyifoydwfpcef;odkY
vmvdo
k rl sm;tm; ntkPw
f ufcsed f ra&mufcif A[kad usmif;aqmifrsm; 0if;eHab;rS avSum;axmif xGuv
f mEdik af p&efwYkd
jyKvkyfay;onf/ udkomvSESifh udkndKxGef;wdkYu tpm;taomuf ydkYMuavonf/ xdktcg ygarmurufudkif;u
0if;wHcg;wGif ydwaf pmifah eonf/ oydwaf rSmuf ausmif;om;rsm;jzpf 0ifciG rhf y[kajymonf/ udo
k mvSEiS hf udn
k Kd xGe;f u
tpm;taomuf rsm;udk oHwikd Mf um;rS ausmif;om;rsm; tm;ay;rnf[k ajymaomtcg rpwmrufuikd ;f u ]rif;wdo
hk x
d m;zdu
hk
rif;wdhk oydwaf rSmufwm igt
h aeeJh vk;H 0oabmrwlb;l ? 'gayr,fU rif;wd&hk YJ vky&f nfuikd &f nf? pnf;urf;Srd eI hJ wnfMunfru
I kd
csD;usL;w,f} [k ajym&if; udkomvSESifh udkndKxGef; oHwdkifMum;rS tpm;taomufydkYonfudk bmrSrajymay/
wzef 1936 ck? azazmf0g&Dv? 26 &uf? eHeuf (5) em&DwGif wuodkvfausmif;odkY ausmif;om;tiftm;
(300) cefYonf armfawmfum;jzifh oydwfwm;&ef xGufcJhMuonf/ oydwfaumifpD0if o&Jbat;u acgif;aqmifonf/
wuodkvfor*kH; tpkcGJ ae&mcsavonf/
Source: Unknown
wuov
kd af usmif; oydww
f m;Mu&mwGif tif;0ausmif;aqmif oHwcH g;0 vJt
S yd af eMuaom oydwaf rSmufausmif;om;rsm;
82

(1) tif;0ausmif;aqmif aSUwHcg;ayguf
(2) tif;vsm;aqmif aemufzufwHcg;ayguf
(3) *syfqifaumvdyfoGm;aom awmifzufvrf;rsm;ay:wGif jzpfonf/ wzufrSvnf; if;aeY oydwfwm;
onfudk wdkif;jynfrS odap&ef at0rf;ac: jrefrmtaqGukrPDrS udkwifarmifudk bdkifpukyfkdufapjcif;? owif;axmuf
rsm;udk "gwfykHkdufapjcif; jyKvkyfonf/ tif;0ausmif;aqmifzuf ausmif;om;tenf;i,fESifh q&mrsm; acgif;aqmif
ausmif;wuf&ef xGuv
f mMu&m ausmif;om;rsm; txyfxyf ajrBuD;ay: tdyjf cif;? ausmif;rwuf&ef arwm&yfcjH cif;rsm;
jyKvky&f m aemufq;Hk rnforl Q ausmif;rwuf0ahH wmhbJ jyefomG ;Muonf/ aeYvnf (2) em&Dtcsdew
f iG f ausmif;wufrnfo
h l
rSdaomtcg tm;vkH;or*kH;wGif pkkH;um aTwd*kHbk&m;odkY jyefvmMuonf/
ausmif;om;rsm; uw&map;vrf;ay:wGif vSJtdyfNyD; aeylusJusJ oydwfwm;Mu&m olawmif;pm;ESifh rjcm;
qEjycJhjcif; jzpfonf/ ausmif;olrsm;xJu rtkH;? rtrm? rcifjr? rrBuD;wdkY yg0ifcJhavonf/ ausmif;olrsm;\
]uRefpdwfarG;wJU wuodkvfyg? raevdkh xGufcJUwm? wdkhwawG nDnmpkkH;um? aTwd*kHay:rSm}
q&mBuD;ocifu,
kd af wmfridI ;f uvnf; qdwEf iS ahf cG; taqGcifyeG ;f zGUJ NyD; tpmSmxGuo
f uJo
h Ykd &efuek w
f uov
kd f
rSm tkdif;atmifqef;eJY ausmufkyfndKjrwdkYawGUNyD; tdk;a0r*Zif;vkyf&mu ig;yg;arSmuf (0g) oydwfarSmufukefwmyJ[k
ajymayonf/ odkY (5) &ufquf oydwfwm;cJh&m rwfv (1) &ufaeYwGif wuodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDu pmar;
yGJrsm; udk ZGefv (10) &ufaeYodkY aTUvdkufonf/
oydwaf rSmufpOfumvtwGi;f oydwrf *Zif; (The Striken Number) udk xkwaf 0onf/ i&JacG;BuD;vGwf
aeNyD aqmif;yg; ygvmavonf/ udkodef;azonf t*Fvdyftydkif;udk t,f'Dwmvkyfonf/ udkndKxGef;onf jzefYa0a&;
vkyfief;udk vkyfonf/ pmar;yGJaTUqdkif;vdkuf ausmif;aqmifrsm;rS ausmif;om;tcsKdU tdrfjyefoGm;NyD; oydwfpcef;rS
ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; oydwfpcef;wGif pmusufMuonf/ oydwfacgif;aqmifrsm;u oydwfudpqufvkyfonf/
(') oydwaf rSmufaphpyfjcif;ESihf oydwv

f eS jf cif;
wuodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDonf tpnf;ta0; OD;apmESifh EdkifiHa&;tkyfpkrsm;onf pkHprf;a&;aumfrSif
zGUJ pnf;&ef BudK;yrf;cJMh uonf/ {NyDvtxd oydwrf vSeMf uojzifh e,fcsJUtpd;k &onf [du
k u
f w
k rf S w&m;olBuD; OD;jrbl;udk
Ou|tjzpf xm; pkHprf;a&;tzGJU zGJUonf/ wuodkvfaumifpD if;tzGJUkH;xdkif oydwfarSmufausmif;om;
r[kwfaomolrsm;udk pkHprf;ar;jref;cJhavonf/ eef;&if;0ef a'gufwmbarmfonf ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh aphpyfaqG;aEG;
xd k a umf r wD x J w G i f ausmif ; om;rsm; yg0if a pvd k o nf / xd k t csd e f w G i f oyd w f a cgif ; aqmif r sm;onf
[dkufpul;ausmif;om;rsm; tm;vkH; pnf;kH;apNyD; oydwfarSmufaumifpDwGif if;txufwef;ausmif;om;
udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifapavonf/
arvwGif tpd;k &ESihf oydwaf rSmufausmif;om;rsm; aphpyf&m toift
h wifo
h m ajyvnfonf/ wuov
kd af umif
pDwGif ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyefwufa&;udpwdkY ajyvnfonf/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;udk tjypfray;&/
pmar;yG0J if&ef pmusufcsdev
f aHk vmufpmG &Sad &;? ref;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;qufwnfjrJa&;udpw
Ykd ajyvnf\/ odYk aomf
jyifyrS wuodkvfpmar;yGJ ajzcGifhudk a'gufwmbarmf\ ynma&;Xmeu oabmrwl? ausmif;vc taqmifvcvnf;
ravsmhay;? wuodkvftufOya'udk jyifqifay;&efudpudk kwfw&uf raqmifGufEdkifao; w&m;olBuD; (OD;jrbl;)
BuD;rSL;aom aumfrwDodkY vTJtyfvdkufonf/ xdktcg ajyvnfaom tcsufrsm;tay:rlwnf oydwfpcef; tkyfpk
(2) pk uGo
J mG ;onf/ udt
k ek ;f ? ud&k mSpw
f Ykdu oydwv
f eS &f ef oabmwlnND yD; udv
k aS z? udn
k Kd xGe;f wdYku oydwq
f ufvo
kd nf/
aemufqkH;oydwf&yf&ef oydwfaumifpDu oabmwlNyD; 1936 ck arv (10) &ufwGif oydwfvSef vdkufonf/
(") oydw\
f tusK;d aus;Zl;rsm;
1/ rwfv tv,fwGif ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpwmpavmh ae&mwGif ygarmuOD;azarmifwifudk ausmif;tkyfBuD;
tjzpf cefYvdkufonf/
2/ 1920 jynfh ausmif;om;oydwBf uD;xuf 1936 ck ausmif;om;oydwBf uD;onf ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;Hk \
Edk;Mum;rI pdwf"gwf ododomom xifxifSm;Sm; wdk;wufjynfh0rI Sdvmonf/
3/ 1936 ck ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;onf tcsdef,lBudKwifjyifqif oydwfarSmufvdkufaom oydwfBuD;
83
r[kw/f e,fcsUJ tpd;k &\ ESyd u
f yG v
f eG ;f rIaMumifo
h m jzpfc&hJ aom oydwBf uD;jzpf oydwaf rSmufausmif;om;xk
BuD;onf wdkYArmtpnf;tkH;ESifhwuG e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; EdkifiHa&; tiftm;pkrsm;twGuf BuD;rm;aom
EdkifiHa&; tiftm;opfBuD;w&yf jzpfay:cJhonf/
4/ aemiftem*wfwGif e,fcsJUudkwGef;vSef vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rnf[k ocifatmifqef;? ocifEk?
ocifodef;az (odef;azjrifh)? ocifvSaz? ocifA[def;? ocifAaqG? ocifoef;xGef;wdkY ay:vm&onf/
5/ ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;rSm aemufqHk; oydwfvSefcJhaomfvnf; vli,fobm0udk azmfjyokyfaqmifaom
jiif;cHkrIrsm; ay:aygufjcif;ESifh t,ltqjyif;xefolwdkYu wuodkvfudk &moufyefpGefYvTwfoGm;Muonf/
udkEk? udkvSaz? udkodef;az? ukdxGef;tkHESifh ausmif;om;tcsKdU ausmif;jyefrwufMuawmhay/ udkodef;azESifh
udx
k eG ;f tko
H nf owif;axmufEiS hf aus;Gmjyefvnfxal xmifa&; ynmawmfoifq&k aomfvnf; pGeYf vw
T Nf yD;
EdkifiHjcm;odkY roGm;cJhacs/
6/ oydwfacgif;aqmifudkEk\ ]NAw
d o
d Qtpd;k &uzGiaUf y;wJU wuov
kd rf sm;[m vcpm;uReu
f av;awG arG;xkwf
ay;&ef uRefxkwfukefvkyfief;pufHkawGjzpfw,f} [laom pum;onf ausmif;om;rsm;pdwfxJwGif pGJusef
&pfcJhonf/
7/ wjynfv;kH Sd ausmif;om;xkpnf;H;k vIyf mS ;rI ydrk o
kd yd o
f nf;ckid rf mvmNyD; ]ArmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm;
or* (Auo)} "All Burma Students' Union- ABSU" trnfjzifh azmfxw
k Ef ikd cf o
hJ nf/ Auoonf
e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ordik ;f pOfwiG f yxrOD;qH;k tBudrf zGUJ pnf;vdu
k af om wjynfv;kH ausmif;om;tzGUJ csKyfBuD;
jzpfonf/
8/ wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;\MoZm ausmif;om;xktwGif; us,fjyefYpGm xdk;ESuf0ifa&mufoGm;NyD; wdkYArmtpnf;
tHk;ESifh ausmif;om;or*rsm; ydkrdkcdkifrmpGm yl;aygif;rdvmonf/
9/ 'kwd,tBudrf jynfvHk;uRwf ausmif;om;oydwfwdkufyGJBuD;onf awmif;qdkcsufrsm; vufiif;tm;jzifh
tjynfht0 r&aomfvnf; EdkifiHa&;atmifjrifcsufrsm;rSmum; HI;edrhf&jcif;rsm;xuf omvGefum ordkif;wGif
&pfrnfh atmifjrifcsufrsm; &SdcJhonf/
10/ 1920 jynfhwGif tufOya'udk jyifqifcsuf oydwfwdkufyGJrS r&Sdaom ,leDAmpDwDtufOya'udk 'kwd,
ausmif;om;oydwfu atmifjrifpGmjyifqifEdkifcJhonf/
11/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf a'gufwmbarmf? wuov
kd af umifp0D ifrsm;? Edik if aH &;acgif;aqmifrsm;
ESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;rIaMumifh todPfrsm; zGHUNzdK;vmNyD;? rdrdudk,frdrd ,HkMunfvmum tpkd;&ESifh ygvDref
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; em;vnfvmonf/ Edik if aH &;vIyf mS ;rI? wGe;f vSerf EI iS Uf awGq
Y akH qG;aEG;a&;udk em;vnfvm
onf/ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk rnfodkhuefhowf&rnf? wdk;csJY&rnfudk em;vnfvmonf/ tcsdefuefhowfrI?
vlxak xmufcrH \
I tquftoG,?f ud,
k u
Uf ,
kd u
f x
kd ed ;f csKyjf cif;ESihf Nird o
f ufpmG vdv
k m;csurf sm; qGq
J efw
h ifjyEdik yf kH
udk oabmaygufvmayonf/
12/ trsKd;om;wuodkvf ay:aygufvmayonf/
(e) trsK;d om;wuov

kd jf zpfay:vmyHk
oydwfudktaMumif;jyK trsKd;om;wuodkvfwnfaqmuf&ef udkEktMuHxGufvmonf/ xdkYaemuf udkatmif
qef;? 0wfvOkH ;D odr;f armif? olaX;OD;oGi?f ausmif;tkyBf uD;OD;bvGi?f 'D;'kwOf ;D bcsKd? 0wfvOkH ;D ausmfjrifw
h Ykd vufcMH uonf/
trsKd;om;wuodkvf wnfaxmifoifhNyD[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ 1937 wGif ArmEdkifiHudk tdEd,EdkifiHrS cGJxkwfvdkufonf/
'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;ae&mwGif 91-XmetkyfcsKyfa&; a&mufawmhrnf/ xdktajctaeudk &ifqdkifEdkif&ef Arm ausmif;om;
rsm;onf 0dZm ? odyyH nmrsm;udk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY wwfozd Ykd vv
kd monf/ if;ynmrsm;udk Armpmjzifyh Ykd csvQif vsifjrefpmG
wwfp&mSdonf/ odkYajrmfjrif acgif;aqmifrsm;u trsKd;om;wuodkvf wnfaxmif&ef MuHG,fonf/ trsKd;om;
wuodkvf &HyHkaiGSm&mwGif NrdKUrausmif; tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyf&m rsKd;cspfyk*dKvfrsm; wufa&mufMuonf/
olaX;OD;oGif em,uvkyfNyD; &efyHkaiGOD;OD;zsm;zsm; 1000d^- usyf xnfhonf/ OD;oGiftvSLaiGudk udkatmif
qef;u rauseyfacs/ &efyHkaiG odef;aygif;rsm;pGmvdkonf/ olaX;BuD;wa,muf\ aiGwaxmifrSm qifyg;pyfESrf;yufo
vdkom jzpfonf/ xdkoabmtwdkif; udkatmifqef;u wHk;wdwdajymonf/ tpnf;ta0;rSm aSUrwdk;? aemufrqkwf
jzpfaeonf/
84

trsKd;om;ynm0efOD;zdk;usm;u x
]trsKd;om;wuodkvfjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf aiGodef;csD vdkw,fqdkwm rSefygw,f/ odkhayr,fU OD;oGifvdk
yk*dKvfBuD;u aiG 1000d^- xnfUwm enf;w,fvdkh rqdkEdkifygbl;/ bmaMumifUvJqdkawmU avmavmq,frSm olhapwem
o'gw&m;tavsmuf xnfjU cif;om jzpfw,f/ aemuf wuov
kd f jzpfajrmufwt
UJ cg apwemawG ydv
k mNy;D xnfv
U rd rUf ,fvhkd
arQmfvifUygw,f/ aemufNyD; 'Davmuftzdk;wefwJU yk*dKvfBuD;u wuodkvfjzpfajrmufa&; tpnf;ta0;ukd tcsdefukef
vlyef;cHNyD; em,uvmaqmifGufwJUtwGuf wefzdk;[m rqHk;jzwfEdkifatmif BuD;rm;vSygw,f}
xdktcgrS OD;oGif? udkatmifqef;ESifh y&dowfrsm; jyHK;Edkifonf/
Mo*kwfvwGif trsKd;om;wuodkvf naeydkif;oifwef;rsm;udk NrdKUrausmif; zGifhvSpfcJhonf/
xdkoifwef;rsm;(1) jrefrmhtvif;OD;pdef - owif;pmynm
(2) ol&d,OD;vSaz - abm*aA'
(3) a'gufwmxifatmif - t*FvdyfpmESifh EdkifiHa&;&mZ0if
(4) ygarmuOD;atmifvS - ocsFm
(5) OD;xGef;ndK - yx0D0if
(6) 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKd - udk;cef;ysKdU
(7) ynm0efaxmufa[mif; OD;zdk;pdef - jrefrmo'g
(8) OD;zdk;usm;ESifh OD;oufwif - &mZ0if
ausmif;pmtkyfrsm;udk OD;zdk;usm; yHkESdyfwdkufrS udk,fydkifkdufESdyf jzefYa0cJhonf/ OD;zdk;usm;onf aemufydkif;wGif
wdk;wufa&;r*Zif;odkY vpOfaqmif;yg;rsm;a&;NyD; if;aqmif;yg;rsm;udk if;yHkESdyfwdkufrS vHk;csif;tjzpf xkwfa0cJh&m
wdkif;jynftESHY tusKd;rsm;cJhonf/
(y) trsK;d om;wuov

kd zf iG yhf JG qmOD;oGirf ed cYf eG ;f tESpcf sKyf
1/ trsKd;om;wuodkvfonf rnfonfhwuodkvfESifhrQ *kPfwk*kPfNydKif ESdrfcsvdk wnfaxmifjcif;r[kwf?
2/ ,leDAmpDwD roifMum;Edkifaom toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm&yfrsm; oifMum;ay;&efESifh txufwef;ynmrsm;udk
jrefrmbmomjzifh oifMum;ay;&ef?
(jrefrmjynfwGifxGufSdaom ukefMurf;rsm;udk ukefacsmzefwD;ay;onfh (College Industries) rsm; jzpfay:vmap&ef?)
3/ ArmvlrsKd;rsm; MuHqwDxGif vmwwfap&ef?
4/ pufrIvufrIaomfvnf;aumif;? ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;aomfvnf;aumif; usepGmvkyfudkif wdkif;jynftusKd;
aqmifGufwwfap&ef?
5/ twwfynm tajccHA[kokwSd dk;om;ajzmifhrwfNyD;? 0D&d,vHkYvjzifh Pfynm tm;xkwfNyD; vkyfudkifjcif;jzifh
BuD;yGm;wdk;wufap&ef?
6/ Armjynfonf tdE,
d jynfEiS hf cGcJ mG NyD;aemuf pufrv
I ufrw
I ;kd wufa&;twGuf a&aomufjrpfozG,jf zpfaom trsK;d om;
wuodkvfBuD; tqifhoifhwnfSdap&efESifh wdkif;jynfBuD;yGm;wdk;wuf&eftwGuf trsKd;om;wuodkvf vdktyfaMumif;?
7/ tm;BudK;rmefwufjzifh trsKd;om;wuodkvfwnfaxmif wuf<uap&ef?
8/ trsKd;om;wuodkvf(u) jrefrmbmom av;wef;rS ckEpS w
f ef;txd oifMum;wwfajrmufaom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf yxrwef;tqif?h
(c) jrefrmbmom ckEpS w
f ef;rS q,fwef;txd oifMum;wwfajrmufaom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf 'kw,
d wef;tqif?h
(*) jrefrmbmom q,fwef;atmifjrifaom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf wwd,wef;tqifhwdkYjzpfonf/
9/ trsKd;om;wuodkvf\ csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;udkjyKjyif wdk;wufatmif aqmifGufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;?
10/ ravsmhaomZGJjzifh trsKd;om;wuodkvfBuD;udk xajrmufatmifjrif&ef BudK;pm;apvdkaMumif;?
11/ trsKd;om;wuodkvfBuD; wnfwHhcdkifjrJ pufrIvufrI txufwef;ynmrsm;udk vlrsKd;? bmomraG;? Armjynfom;
tm;vHk; ynmoifMum;Edkif&ef?
12/ wdik ;f jynfEiS Ehf ikd if H tusKd;pD;yGm;jzpfxeG ;f aprnfh trsKd;om;wuov
kd Bf uD;udk tm;vH;k u 0dik ;f 0ef;axmufyu
hH n
l rD nf[k
arQmfvifhaMumif;wdkY ygSdonf/
85
(z) 1936 yxrtBurd f ArmEdik if v

H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;or* (Auo) nDvmcH
(arv 8 &uf? 1936)
oydwfarSmufumv (3) vMumaomtcg &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm; or* (wuo) onf

trsKd;om;a&; us,fjyefYaomvIyfSm;rIodkY ajymif;vJa&mufSdvmNyD; ausmif;om;or*onf trsKd;om;vli,frsm;udk
acgif;aqmifvmum tusKd;aus;Zl;taeESifh Auoay:vmayonf/
yxrqHk;tBudrf AuonDvmcHukd 1936 arv (8) &ufaeYwGif oydwf
arSmuf ausmif;om;rsm;yg0ifNyD; *sLAvDa[m usif;y&m yxrqHk; Ou|taeESifU
ud&k mSpu
f kd ceft
h yfNy;D ? udkatmifqef;udk 'k-Ou|tjzpf cefYtyfvdkufonf/ udkA[def;
(txufArmjynf ud,
k pf m;vS,)f ? udjk yefY (aemif ocifjyefY? ucsifjynfe,f)? udx
k eG ;f
Sed f (aemif Adv
k &f efEikd )f ? udAk aqG (aemif 0efBuD;csKy)f ? udv
k aS T (aemif tmPmSiv
f aS T)?
udkodef;atmif (aemif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif)? udkvSarmif? udkxGef;tHkwdkY wuf
a&mufcMhJ uonf/ if;tpnf;ta0;rS trsKd;om;a&;tzGUJ csKyf tpnf;ta0; us,fjyefY
ap&efESifh trsKd;om;wuodkvf wnfaxmif&ef? wkdif;&if;om;ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh
jynfwGif;ae vlrsKd;jcm;ausmif;om;rsm; aoG;pnf;&ef qHk;jzwfcsufcscJhonf/
1936 oydwfumvwGif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf xifjrifcsuf
rsm; uGjJ ym;onfadS omfvJ trsm;qEukd vku
d ef mcJMh uonf/ aoG;pnf;nDw
G pf mG jzifh
atmif
j
rif
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d
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;
I
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nf
/
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;
aqmif
wa,muf
j
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c
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nf
/ if;\
yxrqH;k Auo
Oya'oifwef;rS &Sad om tawGUtMuHKrsm;jzifh ud,
k u
f sihw
f &m;? tao;pdwaf qG;aEG;
Ou| ud&k mSpf
rI? pkpnf;rIrsm; jyKvkyEf ikd cf o
hJ nf/ nbufrsm;wGif rdeYfceG ;f ajymMum;&m oydwaf rSmuf
ausmif;om;rsm; rdrdudk,frdrd ,HkMunfrISdap&efESifh wm0efrsm; ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmif&ef a[majymonf/ ukd&mSpf?
udkatmif qef;? udkausmfNidrf;? udkxGef;tkHwdkY tjcm;udprsm; tvkyfrsm;aepOf udkEkonf oydwfpcef;udk aumif;rGefpGm
tkyfcsKyfEdkifonf/ oydwfNyD;aemuf if;wdkYtm;vHk;onf trdajr vGwfvyfa&;twGuf qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifcJhMuonf/
rMumrDumvwGif wuodkvfajrrS ae vGwfvyfa&;twGuf tpDtpOfBudK;yrf;rIudk yHkMurf;azmfEdkifchJayonf/
odYk jzifh Auoonf awmfveS af &;vrf;aMumif; (NAdwo
d Qe,fcsUJ vufatmufrS vGwaf jrmufa&;) vrf;aMumif;
odkY csOf;uyfcJhonf/ wuouJhodkY udk,fydkif zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;udk a&;qGJEdkifcJhonf/ e,fcsJUvufa0cH ynma&;ukd
pGefYvTwf ausmif;om;rsm;onf vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJxJodkY a&mufSdcJhMuonf/ 1937 ckESpfwGif ausmif;om; oydwf
acgif;aqmif udkEk? ausmif;q&m udkoef;xGef;wdkYonf jrefrmvGwfvyfa&;twGuf taxmuftul&ap&ef e*g;eD
pmtkyftoif;udk xlaxmifcJhonf/ if;toif;rS udkodef;az\ q&mvGef;twKywd? udkEk\ qdkS,fvpf0g'? NrdKUr
q&m[de\
f bd&k pfta&;awmfykH ponfh pmtkyrf sm; qufwu
kd f xkwaf 0cJo
h nf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tzdYk xdpk mayrsm;uvnf;
aemufrS aphaqmfcJhonf/ zdESdyfrIawG? vlrIa&; tqifrajyrIawGvnf; wckNyD;wck MuHKawGUae&onf/ e,fcsJUtpdk;&qefY
usifa&; pdwf"mwft[kefonf ydk <uvmcJhonf/
1936 ck oydwBf uD;onf e,fcsJUrsm;ESihf trsKd;om;a&;tiftm;pkrsm; tMum; tm;NydKifrw
I ckjzpfNyD; ordik ;f qdik &f m
,SOfNydKif wdk;wufrIwckjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vkH; AuotzGJUvufatmufwGif aoG;pnf;nDGwf pdwfyg0if
pm;pGmjzifh yg0ifvmMuNyD; atmifjrifrIrsm; &SdcJhonf/ 1936 ck oydwfvSefvdkufonf rSefaomfvnf; if;ausmif;om;
rsm;onf if;wdkY t&nftcsif;rsm;ukd xdef;odrf;EdkifpGrf;ESifh if;wdkY\ tiftm;tajctaeESifh vkyfaqmifcsuf? tusKd;
oufa&mufrIrsm;udk oabmaygufvmMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk; tajccHtxufwef; tygt0if yxrOD;qHk;
AuotzGUJ csKyf atmufwiG f pkpnf;rdMujcif;jzpfonf/ Auorsm;tzGUJ \ pdw"f mwfqikd &f mrsm; jrifrh m;vmNyD;? tiftm;rsm;
wdk;csJUvmEdkifonf/ wuodkvfBuD;onfvnf; trSefw&m;\ tdrfawmf? trSefw&m; wdkufyGJ0if&mae&m jzpfvmonf/
1920 ESifh 1936 ausmif;om; oydwfrsm;aMumifh wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;onf if;wdkYpdwfxJrS pnf;pdrfcHcsifaom
om,m ,pfrl;onfh pdwf"mwfrsm;tpm; if;wdkY\ xufjrufaom OD;aESmufjzifh qHk;jzwf? xkdtcsdefumvESifh
udkufnDaom e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; pdwf"mwfrsm; ajymif;vJcJhonf/
1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwfBuD;onf r&ifhao;aomfvnf; 1936 'kwd,ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;rS ydk
pnf;Hk;vmNyD; atmifjrifpGm oydwfvSefEdkifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ wuorsm;tzGJUonf taemufEdkifiHrS or*rsm;uJhodkY
86

ausmif;om;vTwfawmf zGJUpnf;EdkifcJhonf/ (7) wef;rS (10) wef;xd tajccHausmif;rsm;wGifvnf; or*toif;rsm;
ay:xGe;f vmcJah yonf/ if;wdYk pw
d w
f iG v
f nf; awmfveS af &;pdw"f mwfrsm; pdr0hf ifysUH ESYH vmonf/ e,fcsUJ AsLdu
k a&pD ynma&;
pepfudk Ncdrf; ajcmufvmcJhonf/ AuotzGJUacgif;aqmifrsm;onf tvkyform;rsm;? awmifolv,form;rsm;? e,fcsJU
pepfqdk;atmuf 'kua&mufaeolrsm;udk aumif;pGmpkpnf;EdkifcJhonf/ Auoacgif;aqmifrsm;onf 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;
rsm; &Sda&;ESifh vGwfvyfa&;twGuf trsKd;om;a&;vIyfSm;rI acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh wGJzufEdkifcJhonf/ ordkif;pmrsufESmopf
zGifhEdkifcJhonf/
(A) e*g;eDpmtkyt
f oif;tp ausmif;om;u
Source: Unknown
udkEkonf wuodkvfrSxGufNyD;aemuf 'D;'kwf*sme,fwGif 0ifvkyfavonf/ jrefrmhtvif;

owif;pmudk xkwaf 0cJo
h nf/ udv
k aS zu wnfaxmifco
hJ nf/ The New Burma t*Fvyd o
f wif;pmudk
aeYpOfxkwfrS wywf (3) Budrfxkwftjzpf ajymif;vJxkwfa0cJhonf/ if;owif;pmudk a'gufwmodef;
armifu ydkifonf/
1937 wGif if;owif;pmrsm;onf trsKd;om;a&;BudK;yrf;rI rvHkavmuf udkEk? udkvSaz?
udkodef;azwdkYonf e*g;eDpmtkyftoif;udk wnfaxmifcJhavonf/ udkxGef;at;u aiGaMu;
ulnDaxmufyHh ay;cJhavonf/
1936 oydwftusKd;taeESifh ausmif;om;trsm;pkrSm EdkifiHa&;pmayrsm; avhvm&ef pdwftm;
xufoefvmMuonf/ rmhufpf0g'ESifh vuf0Jpmayrsm; (wuodkvfwGif rSdaom) udk e*g;eDpmtkyftoif;rS
avhvmcGihf &vmMuonf/ udb
k aomif;ESihf udEk w
k Ykd a&;om;aom 0wKESihf jyZmwfrsm;udk ausmif;om;trsm;pk tav;xm;
avhvmzwfIvmMuonf/ if;pmtkyftoif;rS ausmif;om;rsm;\ wdk;wufrIpGrf;&nfudk ay;vmEdkifavonf/
(b) Auorsm;tzGUJ \ r[mAsL[mESihf enf;AsL[m

Auorsm;tzGUJ onf vlwef;pm;cGjJ cm;jcif; rSad om e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; ausmif;om;trsm;pk\ tzGUJ jzpfonf/
Auorsm;tzGJUonf trsKd;om;a&;vIyfSm;rIudk qefYusifonfhtzGJUrsm;udk ,SOfjydKifwdkufcdkufrnf jzpfonf/
xdYk twl vlrsKd;ESihf bmoma&; cGjJ cm;rIuv
kd nf; &ifqikd w
f u
kd cf u
dk o
f mG ;rnf/ if;qefYusifrrI sm;udk vIyf mS ;rIrsm;? rdeYf ceG ;f rsm;?
pmGufpmwrf;rsm;jzifh qefYusifoGm;rnf/
aemufvufwbufjzifh vlrsKd;EG,frsm;? vlrsKd;pkrsm; AuotzGJUodkY pdwfyg0ifpm;pGm yg0ifvmEdkifa&;twGuf
aumfrwDrsm;wGif yg0ifvmEdkifa&;twGuf tjrJowdBuD;pGm aqmifGufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ if;uJhodkY tiftm;awmifhwif;
aom? xufjrufaom tSdeft[kefjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk;odkY ysHUESHUpGm pdrfh0ifapNyD; ausmif;om;tm;vHk;udk owif;
odap&ef BudK;yrf;aprnf/
ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vH;k yg0ifvm&ap&ef BudK;yrf;NyD; ryg0ifao;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udv
k nf; tpnf;ta0;
rsm;udk zdwfMum;NyD; wufa&muf&ef BudK;yrf;rnfjzpfonf/
Auorsm;tzGJUESifh tjcm;or*tzGJUrsm; tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGifvnf; Auorsm;tzGJU\ atmifjrifrIrsm;udk
wifjyrnf/ tm;upm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m pnf;a0;yGJrsm;wGifvnf; Auo\ tajctaersm;udk wifjyrnfjzpfonf/
AuotzGUJ onf ausmif;om;trsm;pkqEukd av;pm;vdu
k ef mNyD; ausmif;om;tenf;pkqEukd tav;xm;um
or*cGJrsm;\ qEESifh ar;cGef;rsm;udk vsifjrefpGm ajzMum;aqmifGufrnf jzpfonf/
AuotzGJUonf 'Drkdua&pDvrf;aMumif;ay: tajccHwnfaqmufNyD; ausmif;om;trsm;pkqEudk vsifjrefpGm
taumiftxnfazmf aqmifGufrnfjzpfonf/
tajccHynmESifh wuodkvfausmif;rsm; tm;vHk; ausmif;om;rsm; aeYpOfvIyfSm;rIrsm;udk acgif;aqmifae&m
&Sdap&ef BudK;yrf;oGm;rnf jzpfonf/
ausmif;om;or*cGJ toif;tm;vHk;onf toif;tpnf;ta0;udk yHkrSef usif;yaqG;aEG;NyD; aus;vufrsm;txd
pnf;H;k a&;qif; aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm; yHrk eS jf yKvky&f rnf jzpfonf/ if;a'orS ausmif;om;rsm; pdwyf g0ifpm;&efEiS hf vIyf mS ;rIrsm;
yg0ifvmap&ef BudK;yrf;&rnfjzpfonf/
ausmif;om;or*tzGUJ cGJ acgif;aqmifrsm;? NrdKUe,f? aus;Gm acgif;aqmifrsm;taeESihf tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ \
87
qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk yHkrSefowif;vTmrsm; jzefYcsd ausmif;rsm;wGif vdkufemap&ef aqmifGuf&rnf/
or*aG;aumufyGJrsm;udk usif;yNyD; AuonDvmcH qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk rvdkufemaom? yg0ifvkyfaqmifrI
rSdaom or* tzGJUcGJrsm;udk ta&;,lpdppf&rnf/
Auorsm;tzGJUonf tzGJU0ifwOD;OD;u trsKd;om;a&;vIyfSm;rIudk qefYusifvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? or*udk
qefYusifvQifaomf vnf;aumif; if;udk vsifjrefpGm pHkprf;ar;jref; or*rS trsm;pkjzifh qHk;jzwfcsufcsum if;udk
or*rS xkwfy,fEdkifonf/
-ponfwdkY jzpfonf/
88
OD;Ek
(1935-36)
Source: Internet
jynfaxmifpktzJGUcsKyf Ou|? EkdifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;Ekyif jzpfonf/ ajrmif;jrckdif? 0g;c,frNrKdUwGif arG;zGm;NyD;

zGm;ou&mZfrSm 1907 ck? arv (25) &uf jzpfonf/ 0g;c,frNrKd h t*Fvdyf-jrefrm ESpfbmomoifausmif;?
trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoifMum;cJhNyD; &efukefNrKdU NrKdUrwkdif;&if;om; txufwef;ausmif;okdY ajymif;aTU
ynmoifMum;cJ\
h / (10) wef;pmar;yJu
G dk NrKdUrwkid ;f &if;om; txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifcNhJ yD;? wuov
dk w
f iG f
ynmqufvufoifMum;cJ\
h / 0dZm bGUJ ukd 1939 ckEpS w
f iG f qGwcf ;l cJo
h nf/
yef;waemfEiS hf ok;H cGNrKdU trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;tkyBf uD;tjzpf aqmifu
G Nf yD;aemuf 193435 wGif Oya'ynmqnf;yl;&ef wuokdvfokdY jyefvnfa&mufSdcJh\/ vpfvyfaeaom or*Ou| ae&mwGif
0ifa&muf,OS Nf yKdi&f m tEkid &f Scd o
hJ nf/ 1935-36 ckwiG f wuo Ou|tjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&onf/
1936 ck ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykH ay:aygufcJhonf/ OD;Ekonf 1936 ck ta&;awmfykHtrSwftom; jzpf\/
1936 ckEpS u
f m; e,fcsUJ orm;wefc;dk xGm;aomESpf jzpfayonf/ e,fcsUJ orm;rsm;onf wkid ;f jynf tSio
f ciftjzpfjzifh
b0ifjrifMh uayonf/ tkt
d aoay;rIonf if;wdYktwGuf om,mrufarmzG,f jzpfvm\/ pum;ajymvQif SIR
[laom pum;vH;k ukd xnfah jymrS raemcku
d ?f oabmBuKu
d cf o
hJ nf/ wuov
dk af usmif;om; wOD;u pmoifcef;wGif
q&mbOD;tm; SIR pum;vkH;rokH;? ikH;wdwd ajymojzifh ta&;,ljcif; cH&avonf/
or*onf ta&;,lcH&aom ausmif;om;bufrS &yfwnfcJh\/ or*Ou| udkEkESifh wuokdvfausmif;tkyfBuD;
rpwmpavmhwkdY tjyeftvSef pma&;cJhMuonf/ ausmif;om;bufrS &yfwnfum pma&;cJhaom or*Ou|ukd
ausmif;rS xkwyf pfvu
dk o
f nf/
wzef tk;d a0r*Zif;wGif ygaom Hell hound at large [laom aqmif;yg;ESihf ywfouf wm0efct
H ,f'w
D m
ukdatmifqef; (AkdvfcsKyf) tm; ausmif;xkwfjyefonf/ Hell hound at large ]i&JacG;BuD;vGwfaeNyD} [l
aom aqmif;yg;onf wuokdvftmPmykdifwkdY\*kPfodumudk xdckdufonf? aqmif;yg;a&;olukd xkwfazmf&ef
awmif;qko
d nf/ wm0efct
H ,f'w
D m udak tmifqef;u xkwaf zmfrajymojzifh ausmif;xkwjf cif;jzpf\/ aqmif;yg;
a&;olrSm ukdodef;wif ,ck tkd;a0 OD;nKdjr jzpfonf/
or*Ou|ESifh trIaqmifwOD;tm; ausmif;xkwfojzifh? ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykHBuD; ay:aygufvmavonf/
ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykHonf wjynfvkH;okd ysHUESHYcJh\/ wuodkvfrSp txufwef;ausmif;rsm;txd oydwf
arSmufcJhMuonf/ or*Ou| ukdEku bDat0dZmbGJUukd jyeftyf qEjycJhonf/ ykvdyfkH;BuD;aSUwGif t*Fvdyf
,leD,H*suftvHukd rD;IdUum qEjycJhonf/
89
oydwpf pkH rf;a&;aumfrwDzUGJ jcif;? qmjrbl; acgif;aqmifaom pkpH rf;a&;aumfrwDzUJG jcif;jzifh oydwt
f a&;awmfyu
Hk kd
NyD;jywfapcJo
h nf/ ta&;awmfyo
Hk nf (3) vrQMumcJ\
h / or*Ou| ukEd o
k nf ausmif;om;rsm;\ cspMf unfav;pm;
rIudk cH&onf/ ukBd uD;Ek[
l xifmS ;cJ
h ,ckwikd yf if ac:vsuf SMd uao;onf/ or*Ou| oufwrf;ukeq
f ;Hk
wuov
dk rf S xGuo
f mG ;aomfvnf; or*wiG f jyemay:vmonft
h cg aSUaqmifajzSi;f jcif; jyKcJ&h avonf/
ukdEkonf wuokdvfrS xGufNyD; wkdYArmtpnf;tkH;okdY 0ifa&mufaqmifGufonf/ ppfrjzpfrDu wkdif;jynftm;
ynmay;&mwGif ausmMf um;cJah om e*g;eDpmtkyt
f oif;ukd xlaxmifc\
hJ / t*Fvyd ef ,fcsUJ orm;rsm; zrf;qD;jcif;cH&NyD;?
*syef0ifvmaomtcgrS vGwaf jrmufcahJ vonf/
*syefacwfwiG f tpk;d &tzGYJ Ekid if jH cm;a&;0efBuD;tjzpf wm0efc,
H cl o
hJ nf/ ppftNyD;wGif zqyvtzGYJ 'k-Ou|tjzpf
aqmifu
G cf NhJ yD;? Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;wkYd usqk;H aomtcg zqyv Ou|ESihf 0efBuD;csKyf jzpfvmcJah vonf/ 1956
ckepf ZGev
f wGif 0efBuD;csKyf&mxl;rS Ekwx
f u
G cf jhJ yD; 1957 ckEpS rf wfvwGif 0efBuD;csKyf jyefjzpfco
hJ nf/
zqyv uGaJ omtcg oefYiS ;f zqyv Ou|tjzpf aqmifu
G
f Ekid af wmf0efBuD;csKyfyif jzpfjyefonf/ 1958 ck?
atmufwb
dk mvwGif Akv
d cf sKyfae0if;tm; tpk;d &tmPm vTaJ jymif;ay;cJjh yD;? 1960 ckEpS w
f iG f usi;f yaom taxGaxG
aG;aumufyBJG uD; jyD;aomtcg Ekid if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf tjzpfyif jyefv
f nfwifajrmufjcif; cH&jyefavonf/ (td;k a0)
1962 ck? rwfv (2) &ufaeY AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; OD;aqmiftmPmodrf;csdef txd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyftjzpf

aqmifu
G cf o
hJ nf/ Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;ae0if; OD;aqmiftmPmodr;f cJah om awmfveS af &;aumifpt
D pd;k &rS OD;Ektm; 1966
ckEpS f txd xdr;f odr;f xm;cJonf/ 1968 ckEpS f 'DZifbm (2) &ufaeUwGif awmfveS af &;aumifpu
D zJUG aom (33)OD;
jynfwiG ;f nDw
G af &;tMuHay;tzJUG wGif yg0ifonf/
1969 ckESpf xdkif;EdkifiHodkU xGufvmNyD; ygvDref'Drdkua&pDygwD xlaxmifNyD; rqvtpdk;&tm; vufeufudkif
awmfveS cf o
hJ nf/ 1980 ckEpS ?f Zlvikd v
f (29) &ufwiG f vGwNf idr;f csr;f omcGijhf zifh jrefrmEdik if o
H Ykd jyefomG ;cJo
h nf/
1988 ckEpS ?f pufwifbm (9) &ufaeY 8888 vIyf mS ;rIumtwGi;f Mum;jzwftpd;k &zGYJ pnf;NyD; Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf
tjzpf aMunmonf/ OD;atmifBuD;ESifh a':atmifqef;pkMunfwdkYtm; if;Mum;jzwftpdk;&wGif yg0if&ef
zdwaf c:cJah omfvnf; uefYuu
G cf
hJ Mum;jzwftpd;k &zJYG pnf;rI ratmifjrifcahJ y/
1988 pufwifbm (18) &uf ppfwyf (e0w) rS tmPmodr;f tNyD; Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm; zJYGciG ahf y;aomtcg tapmqH;k
wnfaxmifonfh 'Dru
kd a&pDEiS Nhf ird ;f csr;f a&;tzJYGcsKyu
f kd OD;pD;wnfaxmifonf/ Mum;jzwftpd;k &zJYGpnf;rIukd jzwford ;f &ef
jiif;qefojzifh OD;Ektm; e0wtpdk;&rS 1989 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (29) &ufaeYwGif tus,fcsKyfcs zrf;qD;cJhonf/
1992 ckEpS ?f {NyDv (23) &ufaeYwiG f aetdrt
f us,fcsKyfrS jyefvw
T af y;cJo
h nf/
1995 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (14) &ufaeUwGif &efuek Nf rdKU uG,v
f eG o
f nf/
rSwfcsuf- pmvHk;tapmif;ESifh azmfjycsufrsm;onf aemufqHk;vufSd tajctaetxd qufvufpkaqmif; a&;om;azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
tifwmeuf- 0DuDyD'D,m^ {&m0wDtifwmeufpmrsufESm^ 'DADbDowif;Xme/ OD;Ek\ ig;ESpf&moDArmjynf? 1941-45?
{&m0wDpmaywdkuf/ wyfrawmfordkif;-yrwJG? 1962-1974? pm-108/
90
1936 'kw,
d ausmif;om;oydwu
f mv ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;
0JrS,m- udn
k Kd jr? udEk k (vufnKd ;axmif pum;ajymaeol)? udx
k eG ;f wif? trnfrod? udx
k eG ;f tH?k udb
k at;? udt
k ek ;f ? trnfrod? udn
k Kd xeG ;f
pm;yJw
G zufjcrf;wGif xdik af eolrsm; (0Jr,
S m)- udck ifarmifuav;? trnfrod? udv
k aS z (Adv
k v
f uFsm)
oydwaf rSmufaumifp0D if udv

k aS z
(AdkvfvusFm)
oydwaf rSmufaumifp0D if rtrm

(vlxak ':trm)
oydwaf rSmufaumifp0D if udt

k ek ;f
(aemif oHtrwfBu;D )
udck ifarmifuav;
(aemif 0efBu;D Adv
k cf ifarmifuav;)
Source: Unknown; Portraits (DTY); Unknown;

ASO's 50 Years; Portraits (DTY); Portraits (DTY);
oydwaf rSmufaumifpD twGi;f a&;rSL;

udak usmNf ird ;f (aemif 0efBu;D )
91
1935-36 td;k a0r*Zif;aumfrwD tzJ0YG ifrsm;? aSw

Y ef; (0J) rS 'kw,
d - wm0efct
H ,f'w
D m udak tmifqef;? wwd,- udo
k ed ;f wif (td;k a0OD;ndKjr)
Source: Unknown
1935-36 ckEpS f td;k a0r*Zif; wm0efct

H ,f'w
D m udak tmifqef;
92
1936 ck wuov
kd o
f ydwaf rSmufaumifp0D ifrsm;
wDaubGef;
udkxGef;wif
OD;xGe;f ndK
udak tmifoed ;f
udpk ;kd armif
rpwmAm;rm;
udkbquf
udktkef;
udkvSarmif
udkoD[ef
udkbat;
Source: Unknown
udkGefh
93
aTw*d o
kH ydwpf cef;rS tvSLcHxu
G v
f maom ausmif;om;rsm;
aTw*d o
kH ydwpf cef;Icif;rsm;
xrif;csuw
f m0ef,&l aom td;k olBu;D tzJYG
bk&;ay: awG&Y aom oydwaf usmif;olrsm;
armfvNrKd iZf &yf aumfzaD omufcsed f
Source: Unknown
94
aTw*d kH awmifbufapmif;wef;Sd wuov

kd o
f ydwpf cef;jzpfaom
armfvNrKd iZf &yfaY w
S iG f awG&Y aom ausmif;om;rsm;
aYw
S ef;- udak usmNf ird ;f ? udn
k Kd jr? ud
k eG ?hf
aemufwef;- udo
k mvS? udck ifarmifuav;? udx
k eG ;f tH?k trnfrod
1936 ck wuov
kd f oydwaf rSmuf&mwGif ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; &efuek Nf rKd w
Y iG ;f pDwef;vSnv
Uf nfMuonf
aSq
Y ;kH wef; vuf0b
J ufrS yxr trsK;d orD;- rcifjr (aemif ynma&;uxdu)? 'kw,
d - rtH;k (aemif ygVd ygarmu? rEav;)
1936 ckEpS ?f arv (10) &ufaehnwGif aTw*d &kH ifjyifay: ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; oydwv
f eS t
f pnf;ta0;usi;f yaeyHk
Source: Unknown; YU History (Diamond Jubilee)
95
96
1936 ck &efuek w
f uov
kd f
'kw,
d ausmif;oydwf
okyaf zmfumwGe;f
1936 ck 'kw,
d ausmif;oydwf Ny;D aemuf wuov
kd rf *Zif; azmfjycJah om umwGe;f rsm;
97
tcef; (7)
udv
e,fcsUJ qefu
Y siaf &; vGwv
(1937 rS 1938)
(u) &Srf;-Arm aoG;pnf;a&;tp wuo
Source: Portrait (DTY)
aoG;cGJtkyfcsKyfjcif;onf e,fcsJUwkdY\ enf;y&d,m,fjzpfonf/ Srf;? ucsif?

u&if? csif; paom awmifay:om;rsm;ESifh Armrsm;ukd tquftqHrsm;pGm rSd&efESifh
wOD;ESiw
hf OD; r,kMH unf&ef NAdwo
d Qu aoG;cGx
J m;onf/ Sr;f jynfoYdk ArmjynfrS wkd;
wufaom EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm; 0ifcGifhrjyK/ ref;Oypmaumvdyfor* ausmif;om;
acgif;aqmif ukAd [de;f ESihf ukad X;NrdKif ('*kew
f m&m) wkYd Sr;f jynfe,f odEND rdKUokYdtvnf
vm&m yk'fr (10) jzifh csufcsif;e,fESif vTwfcJhonf/ wuodkvf a&mufSdaeaom
Srf;ausmif;om;rsm;ukd ygarmu a'gufwmyD;aumuf tkyfcsKyfaom? tif;0ausmif;
aqmifwGifom aexkdifap wuokdvfausmif;om;rsm;or*okdY 0ifcGifhrjyKay? Srf;
ausmif;om;rsm; aexkid q
f ufqrH w
I Ydkudk ausmif;tkyBf uD;u Sr;f jynftpk;d &okYd vQKUd 0Suf
tpD&ifcHpmrsm; tcsdefrSefrSef ay;ykdY&avonf/
]&efuek w
f uov
dk f Sr;f jynfausmif;om;toif;} ukd 1936 ckEpS w
f iG f wnfaxmif
cJah yonf/ 1936 ausmif;om;oydwBf uD;wGif ukw
d if{ tygt0if Sr;f ausmif;om;t
ukw
d if{ (OD;wifat;- Sr;f jynf)
oif; taeESifh wuoESifh qufoG,fjcif; rSdao;ay/ Srf;jynfausmif;om;toif;
Ou|u wuoukd qlyla&;orm;tjzpf pGyfpGJykwfcwfvsuf owif;pmwGif aqmif;yg;a&;avonf/ olukd,fwkdifyif
pdwyf g a&;oavm? tyrS
D a&;oavm rod&ay/ xkt
d csdef wuoOu| uk&d mSpu
f Sr;f jynf ausmif;om;Ou|onf
]rdrd\ aESmifBudK;ukd wyfrufqJ} Sdao;aMumif; jyefvnfacsya&;om;avonf/
ukw
d if{onf ukAd [de;f ? ukAd aqG? ukad X;NrdKifwYdk EiS hf &if;ES;D vmNyD; aEG&moDausmif;ydw&f ufrsm;wGif Sr;f jynfoYdk
jyefa&mufaomtcg pmMunfw
h u
dk ?f pmzwftoif;rsm; wnfaxmifziG v
hf pS af yonf/ a<u;aMumfot
H aejzifh e*g;eDocD si;f ukd
twk,
l tvif;a&mifwefc;dk jzifh trsK;d *kPw
f ufaprnf[al om aqmify'k Ef iS t
hf nD tvif;a&mifpmMunfw
h u
dk rf sm; zGiv
hf pS
f
98

pmtkyaf qG;aEG;yGrJ sm;? pum;&nfvyk rJG sm;? usbrf;pum;ajymyGrJ sm; ? pmayNydKifyrJG sm;? a[majymyGrJ sm; jyKvkyo
f nf/ xkt
d csed u
f
e*g;eDpmtkyfrsm;udk pmMunfhwkdufwGif ykvdyfrsm;u vma&mufSmazG&m pmMunfhwkdufrSL;rsm;onf e*g;eDpmtkyfrsm;ukd
vG,t
f dwfxx
J nf
h pufb;D jzifh vpfc&hJ onf/ xkt
d csdeu
f Sr;f jynfwiG f e*g;eDpmtkyu
f dk vGwv
f yfpmG zwfciG rhf &aom
tcsed jf zpfonf/ 1939 'kw,
d urmppfjzpfaomtcg Sr;f jynfwiG f Ekid if aH &;toif;tzGUJ rSad o;ay/ wuov
dk af usmif;om;
wpkom wuo acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh vnf;aumif;? wuorS wqifh wkdYArmtpnf;tkH; acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh vnf;
aumif; &if;ESD;rISdNyD; ckdifjrJpGm qufoG,frISdaeavonf/ ppfNyD;*syefrsm; usqkH; r[mrdwfrsm; jyef0ifvmaomtcg
*syefacwf wGif vGwv
f yfpmG pnf;k;H cGi&hf aom tmSvil ,frS acgif;aqmifrsm;onf ocifp;dk ? ocifoef;xGe;f ? OD;ode;f azjrif?h
ukAd [de;f wdYk oifMum;ay;aom EdkifiHa&;oifwef;okdY vQKdU0SufpGm wufa&mufoifMum;cGifh &avonf/ if;wkdYonf
zqyvESifh tquftoG,f,l Srf;? Arm aoG;pnf;a&;ESifh e,fcsJUvufatmufrS vGwfvyfa&; &,la&;ukd pDpOfndEIdif;NyD;
]Srf;jynf jynfolYvGwfvyfa&;tzGJY} ukd w&m;0if yGifhvif;pGm xlaxmifNyD; EkdifiHa&;ukd pwif vkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/
okdY 1936 wuokdvf Srf;ausmif;om;tcsKdU tpjyK pcJhaom aoG;pnf;rIvkyfief;rsm; tusKd;aMumifh
1947 azazmf0g&Dv? (12) &uf Srf;jynfe,f yifvkHNrdKU ]yifvkHpmcsKyfBuD;} ukd csKyfqkdEkdifcJhayonf/
(c) 1936-37 AuoESihf wuo trIaqmiftzJUG

The working committee of the All Burma Students' Union (Auo)
The first working committee 1937-38 ( 1936 May to 1937 April)
1/ ukd&mSpf
&efukefwuokdvf (&efukef)
Ou|
2/ ukdGefY
&efukefwuokdvf (ppfukdif;)
twGif;a&;rSL;
3/ Mr. T. K. Boon
&efukefwuokdvf (rEav;)
aiGxdef;
4/ ukdxGef;tkH
&efukefwuokdvf (rEav;)
trIaqmif
5/ ukdausmfNidrf;
&efukefwuokdvf (uom)
arrS pufwifbmtxd
6/ ukdatmifausmf
&efukefwuokdvf (ykodrf)
7/ ukdbpH
&efukefwuokdvf (ppfawG)
8/ ukdtkef;
&efukefwuokdvf (awmifil)
arrSpufwifbmtxd
9/ ukdatmifqef;
&efukefwuokdvf (ewfarmuf)
10/ ukdvSarmif
*syfqifaumvdyf
11/ ukdA[def;
ref;Oypmaumvdyf (rEav;)
12/ ukdausmfjrifh
&efukefwuokdvf ( &efukef)
(pufwifbmrS {NyD)
13/ ukdvSaT
&efukefwuokdvf (zsmykH)
(pufwifbmrS {NyD)
14/ ukdoD[ef
&efukefwuokdvf (aygif;wnf)
(pufwifbmrS rwf)
15/ ukdcifarmifwif
ref;Oypmaumvdyf (rEav;)
(rwfrS {NyD)
1936-37 wuo trIaqmiftzGJY
1/ ukd&mSpf
Ou|
2/ ukdatmifqef;
'k-Ou|
3/ ukdvSaT
twGif;a&;rSL;
4/ ukdndKxGef;
tkd;a0r*Zif; wm0efcH
5/ ukdodef;wif
pmMunfhwkdufrSL;
6/ rpwmwDaubGef;
aiGxdef;
7/ ukdndKjr
t,f'Dwm vlxkqufqHa&; owif;Xme
8/ ukd0if;armif
Indoor Games Officer
9/ ukdcifarmifa*;vf
twGif;a&;rSL;
10/ Mr. Varma
Editor, Union News
11/ ukdwifarmifMuD;
Ou|? vlrIqufqHa&; aumfrwDcGJ
99
12/ ukdwif
pma&; wkdYjzpfonf/
uk&d mSpo
f nf or* (2) ckpvkH;\ Ou|jzpfvmNyD;? ukdatmifqef; wuo twGif;a&;rSL; jzpfvmayonf/
if;wkdYonf ,leDAmpwDtufOya' jyifqifa&;vkyfief;ukd tvsiftjref jyifqifMu&ef vIHYaqmfcJhMuonf/ aESmifhaES;ae
aom jrbl;aumfrwD aqmifGufcsufrsm; vsifjrefvmap&ef wGef;tm;ay;cJhonf/ 1936 oydwfESpfywfvnfaeYwGif
ausmif;om;rsm; xkt
d pD&ifcpH m jyifqifrI vsifjref&ef qEjycJo
h nf/ ukad tmifqef;ESihf uk&d mSpo
f nf a'gufwmbarmfEiS hf
awGUqkH jrbl;aumfrwD tpD&ifcHpm vsifjrefap&ef wGef;tm;ay;cJhonf/
Source: Unknown
1937-38 wuo trIaqmiftzGJY ? (0JrS pa&aomf) 'kwd,- udkvSaT? wwd,- udkatmifqef; (abmifcyfxm;)? pwkw- Ou| udk&mSpf
(*) twGi;f pnf; ( Inner Circle)

1935 ckESpf aemufykdif;wGif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf wuokdvftmPmykdifrsm;ukd atmifjrifpGm
wGef;vSefNyD;aemuf e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vrf;aMumif;ay:okdY a&mufSdvmonf/ ukdEk? ukdxGef;tkH? ukdvSazwkdYonf
wuokdvfokdY jyefrwufMuawmhacs/ if;wkdYonf oydwf\ twGif;pnf;xJ yg0ifcJholrsm;jzpfonf/ AuotzGJU
jzpfay:a&;twGuf wuf<upGm yg0ifaqmifGufcJhNyD; if;AuotzGJUukd wkdYArmtpnf;tkH;ESifh qufoG,frIrsm; jyKvkyf
ay;cJhonf/ Auoacgif;aqmifrsm;ESihf ukEd k? ukx
d eG ;f tkH? ukad usmfNidr;f wkYd u qufo,
G af y;cJo
h nf/ ukEd w
k Ydk twGi;f pnf;
tkypf o
k nf AuozGUJ pnf;&mwGif ryg0ifawmhacs/ if;wkYd onf Auo tpnf;ta0;rsm; usi;f y&ef tMuHay;jcif;? ausmif;
om;rsm;twGuf ta&;wBuD;udprsm; aqmifGufay;jcif;? or*Ou|rsm; (AuoESSifh wuo) taeESifh if;wkdYESifh
wkdifyifNyD;rS qkH;jzwfcsufcsjcif; ponfh AuotzGJU\ vQKdU0SuftwGif;pnf; vTrf;rkd;&,lcJhonf/ if;twGif;pnf;rS
wcsKdUonf wuokdvfwGif wufa&mufaeNyD; wcsKdUonf &efukefNrdKUaexkdifum vQKdU0Suf tpnf;ta0; usif;y&efESifh
ta&;MuD;udprsm; vsifjrefpGm aqmifGuf&ef csdwfqufxm;onf/
if;vQKUd 0Sut
f zGUJ onf 1930 ref;Oypmaumvdyrf S pwifcNhJ yD;? trsKd;om;0HomEka&; pdw0f ifpm;aom ausmif;om;
rsm;ESifh csdwfqufxm;onf/ if;tzGJU0ifrsm;onf 1936 ausmif;om;oydwf jzpfyGm;aomtcg t"duacgif;aqmif
rsm;tjzpf yg0ifcNhJ yD; oydwaf umifp\
D tvkyu
f pd r sm;ukd vkyaf qmifcMhJ uonf/ oydwaf rSmufausmif;om;rsm;? or*
tzGJU0ifrsm;? oydwfarSmuf aumifpD0ifwcsKdU rodMuacs/
oydwNf yD;onfh aemufEpS rf sm;wGif if;tzGUJ onf AuoESihf wuo Ou|? trIaqmifrsm; aG;cs,fay;cJo
h nf/
trsKd;om;a&; trSefw&m;ESifh ausmif;om;tusKd;twGuf ckdifrmpGm &yfwnfEdkifrIukd pOf;pm;aG;cs,fcJhonf/
(C) or*rsm; (Auo? wuo) ESihf wkAYd rmtpnf;tk;H qufo,

G rf I
1937 wGif ukdEkonf 'D;'kwf*sme,fodkY a&mufSdvmNyD; if;rodbJESifh abbD,ef twGif;a&;rSL; jzpfcJhonf/
OD;apm\vufcsuf jzpfonf/ ukdvSazonf umvuwm;rS jyefa&mufvmNyD; jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmudk ulnDcJhonf/
100

udo
k ed ;f azonfvnf; umvuwm;rS jyefa&mufvmNyD; ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESihf wkYd Armtpnf;tk;H udk qufo,
G f
ay;cJo
h nf/ xkEd pS w
f iG f ukv
d aS T (ukv
d aS znD) onf wuo twGi;f a&;rSL; jzpfvmNyD;? ukAd [de;f onf ref;Oypmaumvdyrf S
&efukefwuodkvfokdY a&mufSdvmonf/
ukAd [de;f onf ocifoef;xGe;f \ enf;Terf u
I dk cH,cl o
hJ nf/ ocifp;dk ESihf ocifoef;xGe;f \ rmhupf f bmomjyef
rsm;ukd ausmif;om;rsm; zwfIvmMuonf/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf wkdYArmtpnf;tkH;vIyfSm;rIukd tm;us
vmMuonf/ yk*dKvfa&;t& ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh wkdYArmtpnf;tkH;wkdY qufqHrISdcJhonf/ 1935-36
wGif ocifxdef0if;ESifh ukdxGef;tkHwkdY pwif qufoG,frdcsdefrS p wkdYArmtpnf;tkH;ESifh wuo qufoG,frdavonf/
ukdxGef;tkHonf or*aG;aumufyGJ yg0if,SOfjydKifcJhonf/ ocifESifh ausmif;om;rsm; twGif;pnf; tpnf;ta0;
ukdEk? ukdatmifqef;? ukdodef;az? ukdvSazrS vGJ rnfolrQ rwufa&mufcJhay/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf
wkYd Armtpnf;tk;H rSwqifh qkd ,
S v
f pfpmayrsm; avhvmcJNh yD; trsKd;om;a&;tay: tajccHonfh tkid ,
f mvefawmfveS af &;
(qifzdef;) tzGJUtaMumif; avhvmcJhMuonf/
(i) 'kw,
d tBurd f AuonDvmcH
1936 ck ausmif;om;oydww
f iG f udAk [de;f onf if;\ BudK;yrf;rIEiS hf vky&f nfuikd &f nfrsm;aMumifh xifSm;vm
ayonf/ 1936 ckwGif Arm[kokH; 1937 ck tpydkif; jrefrm? aemufydkif; 1938 ck aemufydkif;rSp 1962 cktxd Arm
[kac:onfh ArmEdik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;uGezf &ifu
h kd rEav;wGif usi;f yonft
h cg udAk [de;f onf {nfch aH &; aumfrwD
Ou| jzpfvmonf/
(i-1) ukdA[def;rS ukdpdefckdokdh ay;ykdhaompm
'kwd,tBudrf
jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;uGefz&ifU{nUfcHaumfrwD
pmeHygwfA[kdtrsKd;om;ausmif;? rEav;NrdKU
aeYpGJ- 31-3-37
rdwfaqGMuD; ukdpdefckdcifAsm;
ay;pmukd &Sdygonf/ rdwfaqGMuD;wkdY NrdKUrSukd,fpm;vS,fwOD; apvTwfrnf[kod&ojzifh 0rf;ajrmufyg\/
uGefz&ifhtusdK;taMumif;ESifh ywfouf {nhfcHaumfrwD\ aMunmpmwrf;ukd yl;wGJxnfhvkdufyg\/ uGefz&ifh
tpDtpOfrsm;ukdvnf; owif;pmwkdufrsm;okdY ykdYxm;ojzifh rdwfaqGBuD;wkdY rMumrD awGUjrifMuygvdrfhrnf/
pmESifhtwl uGefz&ifh{nfhcHaumfrwD\ aMunmpmwrf;rsm;ukdvnf; wifydkYvkdufygonf/ pdwfxufoefaom
rsKd;cspfausmif;om; vli,ftaygif;wkdYxH a&mufatmif a0iSay;apvkdygonf/ okdYar;jref;ojzifh aus;Zl;wif
ygaMumif;/
A[def;
{nfUcHaumfrwD cs,f,mrif
101
(i-2) ukdatmifqef;rS ukdpdefckdodkhay;pm
jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*toif;
ALL BURMA STUDENTS UNION
wuokdvf0if;
eHygwf --------------&efukefNrdKU-------------
UNIVERSITY ESTATE
No. ---------------Rangoon-------1937
tpD&ifcHygonf ukdpdefckdcifAsm;
ay;ykdYaompmukd &yg\/ rEav;uGefz&ifhodkY ukd,fpm;vS,fvTwfonf Mum;& 0rf;omyg\/
rD;&xm;bufrS rEav;vmvQif toGm;tjyef rkdif (100) txuf a0;aomc&D;twGuf 1 tcrQom
ay;&ygrnf/ Oyrm 0g;c,frrS rEav;okdY rkdif (150) a0;onf qkdygpkdY? xkdc&D;toGm;tjyef kd;kd;twGuf 4dûsvQif oufomcGifh&&ef kHykdifxHajymvQif 3d^- rQom ay;&ygrnf/ xkdoufomcGifhukd rwfv (23) &ufaeYrSp
arv (22) &uf txd &Ekdifygonf/ rkdif (100) ESifh (100) xufatmufusaom c&D;twGufum; rkdif (101) c&D;
twGuf usoifhonf pm;p&dwf 1 vkd&ygrnf/ Oyrm 0g;c,frrS rEav;okdY rkdif (100) odkYr[kwf rkdif (90) om
a0;onfqkdMuygpkdY? kd;kd;twkdif; toGm;tjyef pm;p&dwf 3d^- usvQif? rkdif (101) c&D;twGuf toGm;tjyef
p&dwfum; 3d^- 4d^- us\/ okdYjzpfvQif xkdrkdif (100) okdYr[kwf (90) oma0;onfh c&D;toGm;tjyeftwGuf
oufomcGifh&vQif 3d 4J \ 1 om ay;&ygrnf/ okdYjzpf tp 2d 7J om usygrnf/ wenf;tm;jzifhqdkvQif rkdif
(100) xufyo
dk nfh toGm;tjyef c&D;twGuf k;d k;d ay;&rnfh tp\ 3^4 omay;& rdik w
f &mESihf w&mxufenf;aom
c&D;toGm;tjyeftwGuf rdkif 101 toGm;tjyefEIef;\ 3^4 om ay;&ygrnf/ odkYjzpf rdkifw&mxufydkaom c&D;
twGuf oufomcGifh&ygonf/ xkdxufenf;aom c&D;twGuf oufomcGifhrsm;pGm r&/ Tikcet rsm;udk tp
c&D;puyJ Return Ticket yg ygonfh vufrSwfrsm;ukd 0,f&ygvdrfhrnf/
rD;oabFmESifh rEav;rS vmvQif toGm;tjyef c&D;p&dwf\ 3^4 avsmhygvdrfhrnf/ Oyrm- 0g;c,frrS
rEav;okYd toGm;tjyef rkdif (300) Sd p&dwfNyD; kd;kd;twkdif;usvQif 6^-omay;&ygrnf/ okdYaomf yxrqkH;
aiG 9d^- k;kd k;d twdik ;f oabFmvufrw
S cf o
H nft
h cg ay;&ygvdrrhf nf/ onfvadk iGay;onft
h aMumif; ajypmjzwfyidk ;f ukd
awmif;yg/ if;jzwfyidk ;f ESiw
hf uG rdwaf qG\ vdypf mtjynft
h pkyH g uRefawmfxYdk xH ykYd vu
dk yf g/ xkt
d cg uRefawmfwYdk u
{&m0wDrD;oabFmukrPD refae*smxH axmufcHpma&;vkdufvQif cifAsm;ay;NyD;rS 3d^- ukd jyef &ygvdrfhrnf/
uGefz&ifhtaMumif;odvkdvQif rEav;odkY pkHprf;yg/ ,cktcg ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;vTwfrnfh or*toif;
rsm;rSm (30) cefYSd rnfaGUrnfrQ vTwfrnfrodao;/ xkdYjyif or*toif;r[kwfaom tjcm;e,frsm;rS ukd,fpm;
vS,f vTwfrnf Mum;od&ygonf/ xkdaMumifh ausmif;om;aygif;rnfrQudk ukd,fpm;vS,fykdYrnf wyftyfaocsm
rajymEkdifao;yg/
yl;wGJyg uGefz&ihfEId;aqmfpm ykdYvkdufygonf
atmifqef;
102

(i-3) ukdatmifqef;rS ukdpdefckdxHay;pm
wuokdvf0if;
UNIVERSITY ESTATE
No. ---------------Rangoon-------1937
tpD&ifcHygonf ukdpdefckdcifAsm;ay;ykdYvkdufaompmukd &Sdyg\/ rdwfaqGonf rGwfpvifvlrsKd;jzpfaomfvnf; rsKd;cspfpdwfdSonfukd od&

txl;0rf;omyg\/ pifppfaomfum; bmomw&m;ESifh rsKd;cspfpdwfonf tvsOf;roufqkdifaom aiGtodef;toef;
<u,f0 bk&m;wum? ausmif;wum trnfcHvsufSdaom {&mrvlMuD;rsm;yif jzpfvifhupm; rsKd;cspfpdwfrSdu
(0g) ukd,faumif;MuHu tcsD;ESD;omwnf;/ rdwfaqGor*toif; wnfaxmifcsifonf[k ajymojzifh 0rf;omyg\/
1/ rnfonfhtvkyfrqkd vlenf;onfrsm;onfrSm y"mer[kwf? vlig;a,mufSdvQif ig;a,mufESifhyif
t&ifp wnfaxmifyg tvkyfusepGm vkyfjyyg? aemufvlBudKufrsm;vmrnf/
2/ toif;wnfaxmifaomtcg 0g;c,frausmif;om;rsm;toif;[k trnfwyf wnfaxmifyg/
tjcm;ausmif;rsm;Sv
d Qif t*Fvyd pf moifausmif;[kwo
f nfjzpfap r[kwo
f nfjzpfap if;ausmif;rsm;rS pdwf dS
olrsm;ESifh wkdifyif toif;wnfaxmifyg/ toif;rSm EkdifiHa&;0ifa&mufpGufzuf&ef r[kwf/ ausmif;om;rsm;?
vli,frsm;\ usef;rma&;? ynma&;? ukd,fusifhw&m; aumif;rGefa&; twGufom jzpfonf/ b,fygwDudkrS tm;
ray;ESifh b,fygwDukdrS rcsD;ajrmufESifh trsKd;om;aeY? OD;0dpm&aeYrsm;wGifum; atmifyGJrsm;usif;yEkdifonf/ usif;y
&efvnf; wkdufwGef;onf/ pum;ajyma[myGJ? pum;tacstwifyGJ? owif;pmr*Zif;rsm;ukd zwfjcif;? pmtkyfaumif;
rsm;pkaqmif; zwfjcif;? acRwma&; ausmif;om;rsm; aiGpk&aomtavhtx jzpfapjcif;? wkdif;&if;jzpftxnfrsm;
0wfqifa&;? awma'oA[kow
k jzpfz,
G &f m t&yfrsm;ukd oGm;a&muf Munfh rI w
S o
f m;jcif; tpSo
d nhf vkyif ef;rsm;ukd
aiGtiftm;Sdovkd Munfhvkyf? aiG&atmif toif;qufaMu;aiGukd trsm;oabmwlEIef;twkdif; aumufcHyg/ t
oif;paxmif&eftwGuf tcsKdUMoZmSdaom vlMuD;rsm;ESifhwkdifyif bk&m;ausmif;Z&yf wckckrSmjzpfap tpnf;ta0;
vkyf/ if;tpnf;ta0;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;ukdom trIaqmiftjzpf wifajrmuf tvkyfqufvkyfygav/ tvkyf
vkyf&eftwGuf t*Fvdyfvkd a&;xm;aom pnf;rsOf;Oya'ukd ykdYvkdufygonf/ tu,f em;rvnfvQif rdwfaqGwkdY
NrdKUwGifSdaom em;vnfolwOD;OD;tm; ar;jref;yg/ toif;axmif b,folrS tjypfr&ekdif/
,cktcg rdwfaqGwkdYrSmvnf; pmar;yGJeD;vmNyDjzpf pmar;yGJatmif&efvnf; BudK;pm;Muyg/ atmifygap
[lvnf; qkawmif;onf/
atmifqef;
103
(i-4) ukdjrpdefokdh ukdatmifqef;rSay;pm
wuokdvf0if;
UNIVERSITY ESTATE
No. ---------------Rangoon, 27th March, 1937
My Dear Ko Mya Sein,

I do not know whether you passed your examination or not. I saw one name which
resembles yours and I hope it is your and no other. In that case, please accept my hearty
congratulation.
I received your letter. Mr. Raschiad also told me that the date you proposed would suit
him. So he and perhaps Ko Kyaw Myint will visit Bassein and they will inform you later of his
coming. As for me I must go back home and do propaganda in the Magwe District. But I do hope
that you and the Bassein Studnet's Union will do all that lies in your power to accord a cordial
welcome to Mr. Raschiad.
With best wishes from,
Yours Sincerely,
Aung San
(i-5) ukdjrpdefokdh ukdatmifqef;ay;pm

ALL BURMA STUDENT'S UNION
wuokdvf0if;
eHygwf --------------&efukefNrdKU ------------
UNIVERSITY ESTATE
No. ---------------Rangoon, 20th March, 1937
Dear Ko Mya Sein,

Mr. Raschiad and I propose to visit Bassein about next Sunday. We intend to leave here in
the evening of coming Friday (i.e. 26th March) and halt at Myaung Mya for one day (i.e. Saturday)
and start for your town on the next day. Will this arrangement suit the conveience of the students
of your town? Please reply to us after having consulted with the president or any other member of
the Bassein School's Union. Please reply to me according to this address 20, Parek Lane, Rangoon.
Ko Mya Sein
C/O U Gone Man
Bassein
104
With Kind Regards

Your Sincerely,
Aung San

(i-6) ukdjrpdefokdh ukdatmifqef;rSay;pm
76, Yegyaw Road

Rangoon
My Dear Ko Mya Sein,
It is not my intention to write to you only whose I have business. I had for long contemplated
communication with you, but some how or other I could not do, not overall be honest due to
pressure of work (the work is there and quite a lot, only I dont take it) but due to my clever
sluggard. Having seen, heard so many things improper in my eyes and, above all, cheap demagogy
most, I feel rather side of life and politics I have been in for a period of mental and physical reaction,
so to speak. I hardly desire to do anything. Why idealism. Whatever amount there is in me, is and
the just want to eat, sleep and do nothing worth while. I have gone so for in this respect that even
a region is were around me, as is the ease with easy great Man, the region of my being a slugged
and glutton. Of course the great man is misunderstand, he simply proves to be a complete to
ordinary man. Anyway, I have now got over my intention a bit and have just started doing things
construction and all that is necessary for post-war period, preparing for a bigger war of offensive
in future.
You know I like not the but the depth of soul; I hate cheap demagogy, that playing to the
gallery business with and murder the night and over stones**. I have that so mad of it recently that.
I become completely side of it and even of life and politics, I say as the start. But as is natural with
life, I must have had and must continue to have in future too such sickness a number of times. Well
I wont grumble over thing I fail an till I reach my destination.
Now to business, because now you must be in a mood to accept me, after all the above little
sweet in the bear Ko Tun Shwe or call him Thakhin Tun Shwe is sent a definite political mission by
the Great Do Bama Asiayone of which I am the general secretary. He is to prepare arrangements
with you for the reception for our Sayagyi Thakin Kodaw Mhaing, our Great pride Thakin Hla Baw
and our Great friend Thakin Hla Pe (Ko Hla Shwes brother). When they arrive at bassein. We know
there is that Mya Be Group which is very willing. But we want to go through people procedure. We
have to examine them an charges of high treasure to the Dobama Asiayone before we accept them,
and therefore in there they have been suppressed. Officially there is no Do Bama Asiayone at
Bassein same month ago you talked to me of Ko Hla Mg and all there people trying to form are
Asiayone to the Mya [xxx xxx*] I have not well old fallen, do every thing necessary for whatever
they will tell you, for the Dobama Asiayone for the Nation, for the cause (all in capitals, I am getting
excited you know). As for well this will be enough (it is sufficiently begin to hide my ignorance).
I have learnt from papers of the fate of you going business. Now what so you proper to do?
Came back to college, man and try to complete your course. Get at least actual. Whatever its actual
value, but is means a lot to life and people. Dont be cap and fanciful. Be a stern realist, like me, the
great man.
With best wishes to all Mya Sein,
Aung San
rSwcf su-f over stones** - pum;toH;k tEIe;f rwdrusyg/ [xxx xxx*] - rl&if;pmom;rsm; ysuaf eonf/
105
(i-7) Auo nDvmcH usif;yjcif; jrifuGif; (arv 9-10 &uf 1937)
rEav;uGefz&ifh jzpfajrmuf&ef udkatmifqef;? ukdA[def;? ukdodef;atmifwkdY wESpfausmf MudK;yrf;cJh&avonf/
ukad tmifqef;qkv
d Qif twGi;f usus acgif;aqmifyidk ;f taeESihf uGezf &ift
h pDtpOf? rdeYf ceG ;f twkrd sm; nEd idI ;f aqG;aEG;vsmxm;
csufrsm;? rEav;rS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;eJYnd? &efukefa&mufvmwJh e,fausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGudk
Sif;jyNyD; pnf;kH;cJh&onf/ &efukefrvmEkdifaom e,fausmif;om;awGqD pma&;Sif;csufxkwfjcif;? ar;jref;csufawG
jyefMum;jcif;? pDpOfvsmxm;ykH tMurf;zsif; ay;ykdYjcif;rsm; pmtBudrftBudrf tjyeftvSef qufwkdufvkyfcJh&onf/
rEav;uGefz&ifh atmifatmifjrifjrif NyD;ajrmufoGm;jcif;onf {nfhcHaumfrwDxJwGif yg0ifaom rEav;
ausmif;om;rsm;\ BudK;yrf;rIESifh ukdatmifqef;? ukdvSaz? ukdodef;atmifwkdY\ tultnD? pnf;kH;rI? {nfhcHaumfrwD
cs,f,mrif ukdA[def;\ raerem; vkH;yrf;tm;xkwfrI? qufqHa&; acsmarmajyjypfrI? tajymtqkd odrfarGYEl;nHHhrIwkdY
aMumifh te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS vmMuaom ukd,fpm;vS,f tm;vkH;vkdvkdu todtrSwfjyKMuavonf/ ukdA[def;onf
{nfhcHaumfrwD zGJUNyD;NyD;csif; Armjynf tNrdKUNrdKUu ausmif;om;or*awGu wuf<uaom ausmif;om; wOD;csif;awGqD
pmtwefwef BudKa&;NyD; pnf;kH;vIHYaqmfcJhonf/
1937 arv (9) &uf? eHeuf (8) em&D tcsdefrSp rEav;NrdKU? A[kdtrsKd;om;ausmif;0if;BuD; twGif;
ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;uGefz&ifh 'kwd,tBudrf usif;y\/ xkduGefz&ifhokdY NrdKUay:rS vlBuD;vlaumif;rsm;ESifh
yef'pf*sm0gvmael; pum;ajymqkdcsufukd emMum;&efvmaom ukvm;vlrsKd;wkdYrSm rsm;jym;vS\/
tpnf;ta0;rprD eHeuf (9) em&D tcsdefcefY 0wfvkHawmf& OD;ausmfjrifh? or*toif;Ou|a[mif; ukd&mSpf?
Ou|opf ukdatmifqef;? {nfhcHtzGJUcs,f,mrif ukdA[def;wkdYu yef'pf*s0gvmael;ESifh if;\orD;tm; tpnf;ta0;
pifjrifhay:okdY ac:aqmif eHeuf (9) em&Dxkd;onfESifh wNydKifeuf wdkYArmoDcsif;udk wnDwnmwnf; tm;vkH;rwfwyf
&yf oDqkdMuonf/
ukdA[def;rdefhcGef;
udAk [de;f
{nfcHaumfrwD ukdA[def;u]ausmif;om;rsm;\ ArmEdkifiHvkH;qkdif&mtpnf;ta0;BuD;okdh urmBuD;w0ef;

vkH;\ csD;rGrf;cH&aom emrnfausmfyk*dKvfBuD; yef'pf*s0gvmael; <ua&muf
tm;ay; csD;jrifUonfUtwGuf twkdif;rodaus;Zl;wif csD;rGrf;axmremjyKum
0rf;ajrmufvSaMumif;? okdh ode;f oef;uka#rQaom qif;&Jom;wkdh\ acgi;f aqmifBu;D
onf uREyfk w
f dkh\ &Jabmfrsm;Mum;rS rm;rm;rwfrwf&yf enf;ay;vrf;jy jyKvkyfjcif;
jzifU ArmEkdifiHBuD;twGuf ,ckuJUokdhaom acgif;aqmifBuD;wOD; vkdaeaMumif;
od& 0rf;enf;rdaMumif;? uJUokdh *kPf,lzG,faumif;aom rsKd;cspfpdwfSdonfU
acgif;aqmifBuD;yef'pfuJUokdhaom yk*dKvfaMumifU jrefrmEkdifiHausmif;om;wkdhrSm rsKd;cspf
pdwf wkd;wuf&ifUoefapvdrfUrnf[k ,kHMunfaMumif;? &Jabmfrsm; tBudrfonf
'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf ausmif;om;&Jabmftcsif;csif; awGYqkHpka0;aqG;aEG;jcif; jzpf
aMumif;} ponfjzifh ygSdonf/
(pmrsufESm (104) wGif t*Fvdyfvdk rl&if;udk MunfUyg/)
xkdYaemuf 1936 wuokdvfor* Ou| ukd&mSpfu 1937 wuoOu| ukad tmifqef;tm; if;&mxl;vTaJ y;
& wm0efausyeG v
f rd rhf nf[k ajym ESpcf sKyt
f pD&ifcpH m tjzpftysuu
f dk Si;f vif;onf/ xkad emuf jrefrmhEidk if aH &;? ynma&;?
jrbl;aumfrwD tpD&ifcpH m? uif;bJvt
f pD&ifcpH mwkYdEiS hf ywfouf aqG;aEG;Muonf/
xkad emuf Ou|opf udak tmifqef;u yef'pf*s0gvmael;tm; uGezf &ifBh uD; zGiv
hf pS &f efEiS hf rdeYf ceG ;f ajymMum;&ef
yefMum;ojzifh yef'pf*s0gvmael; rdefYcGef;ajymMum;onf/
arv (9) &ufaeY? nae (6) em&Dcw
JG iG f wuov
dk o
f r*toif; Ou|topf ukad tmifqef;u obmywd tjzpf
aqmifu
G Nf yD; rdeYf ceG ;f ajymMum;onf/ xkYd aemuf ukad tmifqef;onf jiif;ckzH ,
G rf Sad om atmufygtqku
d kd wifoiG ;f onf/
urmvk;H qkid &f m ausmif;om;rsm;toif;BuD;ESihf jrefrmEkid if aH usmif;om;rsm;toif;BuD; qufo,
G &f ef? if;tqkd
ukd ukdvSaTu axmufcHonf/
106

ADDRESS OF THE CHAIRMAN
RECEPTION COMMIITTEE
THE 2ND, ALL BURMA STUDENTS CONFERENCE
(Mandalay 1937)
Mr. President, Pandit Jawarharla Nehru and Comrades,
On behalf of the members of the Reception Committee, I hereby extend a hearty welcome.
Words fail to express our sense of pleasure and gratitude that has won the admiration and
respect of the world like Pandit Jawarharla Nehru should have so thoughtfully attend the conclave
of the all Burma students.
That a leader of millions of poverty-stricken should be standing amidst us and instructing
us, makes us feel depressed for Burma, that is denuded of leader. However, we still remain optimistic
that the noble example of a real patriot like Panditji will stimulate the spirit of sacrifice in the Burma
Students.
Comrades, this is the second occasion that students from various towns of Burma assemble
and deliberate. Excluding minor townships, delegates from all the principal towns have assembled.
Even students of village monastic schools that had suffered suppression and oppression in days
by, are present in this assembly.
From comrades who, due to unfavourable circumstances, are unable to attend this Conference
we have received messages wishing us every success. So at this moment, the attention of our
absent comrades of the districts must be focused on this assemble again spirit. For the successful
discharge by this conference on the onerous duties. Although they could not be present in person,
their high minded wishes will be invaluable aid in our road to success.
Comrades, I do not think that I shall be very much off the mark, if I say, that today is such an
important day as to constitute an epoch in the future chronicle of Burma and in that of the world;
the reason being, the students who constitute the life-blood of the nation and who would eventually
guide the destiny of the nation and the world have met in conclave to deliberate over affairs of the
nation and those of the world. Moreover, we have gathered in this place that we have lost the
supreme lost that people can sustain our freedom for self determination.
It was in this place that the hideous monster of imperialism gripped Burman in its clutches
of slavedom; and it is an irony of fate that this self same place that we students who are the sprouts
and shoots of the nations should have assembled with pick-axe and a hovel to bury this hideous
monster.
Comrades, there is a groups of person who in their anxiety for some reasons or other tend
to thwart and suppress the youth movement that rushes onward with the force of tide. These
people utilize the force and unity and courage of the students in immaterial x matters and endeavor
to dissipate the students energy. For instance, they preached that student should not participate
in politics and that students should devote all their attention to school worlds. Now, put their
words to an analytical test; the words themselves are not only wrong but motive behind them
reveals the baseness of their author. When the entire machinery into working order, the repairing of
one single part will achieve nothing. So also, when the entire nation is in a state of collapse, the
students who are the future hope of the nation, cannot rest content with attending to one single
part of the national machinery i.e. Education department. Although, education may be an
indispensable department in a downtrodden country like Burma, it is not a factor which by itself will
107
help bring freedom, prosperity and contentment to nation. Who will give credence to the doctrine
that out of slavish education comes a lordly mentality and freedom. Admitting, for purposes of
argument that exertion in education create a large numbers of educated persons in the country and
that we do not gain say that the country that has a big number of educated persons is more
advanced, yet there comes the problem which is hard of solution - the unemployment problem that
shadows the quantitative regress of education.
To solve this problem, the question of economics must be touched. When we face the
problem of Bumas economic recovery and a square meal for every body, the alien capitalists who
hold the key positions looms large and grim in the picture, with Burmas slavedom as a background. When we realize this, the longing for the attainment of worldly bliss and contentment
freedom is the deciding factor. Therefore, is it not proper that we comrades should participate in
politics? Politics, Economics and Education are three very deluding expressions. Should a
foreigner suggest to a Burman, Dont you dabble in politics?, the Burman would no feel it at all;
but should he be advised; Dont you strive to regain your freedom? It would hard him to the
quick. Therefore, to be brief, let us not pay attention or be misled by words and expressions or
shibboleths. As we are Burmans, let us try for Burmas advancement. Whoever hinders us in this
endeavour not him as an energy of the nation.
Comrades, the problems that we are said to tackle such as costly but valueless system of
education, illiteracy, the daily growing menace of unemployment. Imperialism, defense against
Fascism, prevention of breach of war, etc. are such problems by the judicious handling of which, I
am confident the status of Burma would be raised by one step.
Comrades, in the earlier part of my address, I have said that our deliberations will have a
salutary effect on the world. I will briefly explain how the world will benefit. That the world is
menaced by war, all of us know. Consuming with the fire of greed, fire of hatred and fire of pride one
nation is growling x with menace at the other. Knowing how terrible and how frightful the last war
was, the people are clamoring for peace. The means of achieving peace is in the hands of the
youths.
There are students association in many parts of the world and they are striving for peace.
We also joining and cooperating with youth movement of the other countries should crush
imperialism and Fascism and bring peace, plenty and prosperity to the world.
xkad emuf tNrdKUNrdKUSd ausmif;om;or*toif;rsm;onf wuov

dk o
f r*toif;BuD;ESihf qufo,
G x
f m;NyD; jzpfonfh
twkdif; trIaqmifvlBuD;rsm;tjzpf todtrSwfjyKxm;aMumif;tqkdukd jynfNrdKUrS ukdoef;wifu wifoGif; a&eHacsmif;
ukdxGef;wifu axmufcHonf/ tpnf;ta0;MuD; &nfG,fcsuft& EkdifiHcsJUxGifa&;0g'ukd 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;?
ppfyGJrsm; 0ifa&mufwkdufay;jcif; ponfwkdY rjyKvkyf&eftqkdukd a&eHacsmif; ukdxGef;wifu wifoGif;? ppfawG ukdom
xGef;atmifu axmufcHonf/
ar (10) &ufaeY? eHeuf (8) em&DwGif tpnf;ta0; qufvufusif;y&m ref;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;BuD;ukd
'D*&Daumvdyfausmif;tjzpf tqifhtwef;jrifhay;&ef tpkd;&tm; tpnf;ta0;u wkdufwGef;aMumif;tqkdukd Oya'
ausmif;om; ukb
d ode;f u wifoiG ;f &m ref;Oypmor*toif; Ou| {nfch aH umfrwD cs,,
f mrif ukAd [de;f u axmufco
H nf/
EkdifiHa&;ESifhywfouf axmifusaeaom ocif (5) OD;ESifh tvm;wlEkdifiHa&;orm;wkdYukd axmiftwGif;
(at) twef;tpm; xm;ap&ef oifah vsmfonf[k tpnf;a0;BuD;u xifjrifaMumif;tqku
d kd jynfNrdKUu uko
d ef;wifu
wifoGif; aTbdk ukdoef;armifu axmufcHaMumif;? xkdtqkdESifh ywfouf ukdxGef;Sdefu ]]ausmif;om;rsm;onf
ynma&;ESifh oufqkdifojzifh ocifawGuJhokdY EkdifiHa&;orm;awGvkd rpOf;pm;xkdufao;aMumif; xifjrifonf/ usaemfrSm
,aeY ausmif;om;yg? ausmif;rS xGufvsif ocifvkyfrnf pdwful;xm;aomfvnf; ausmif;aepOf EkdifiHa&;ESifhywfouf
ocifawGtaMumif;? yk*v
"d|mef b,fvrkd Q ratmufarhbJ uefYuu
G &f aMumif;}} jzifh ajymqko
d nf/ okYdaomf axmufco
H u
l
108

jyefvnf kwfodrf; rJrcGJ&awmhay/
ArmjynfSd ausmif;wkdif; ausmif;wkdif;wkdYwGif ppftwwfynmukd em;vnfMuap&ef? aAmfvH'D,mwyfrsm;
zGJUpnf;ay;&ef tqkdukd ykodrf ukdMunfarmifu wifoGif; aTawmif ukdat;u axmufcHonf/
xkdtqkd trsKd;orD;rS rwifwif (aeSife,f)? Oypmaumvdyf roef;vS? rtwifwkdYu olemjyKwyfrsm;udk
trsKd;orD;rsm;u a,mufsm;rsm;uJhokdY &JtzGJUaqmifGufovkd 0ifa&mufvkyfukdifoifhaMumif;? trsKd;orD;olemjyKwyfrsm;
ukd zGifhvSpfoifhaMumif;jzifh jznfhpGufaxmufcHcJhonf/
aeYvnfbufwGif qyfbwf*sufaumfrwDonf Oya'Murf;wckudk aqG;aEG;NyD;aemuf? nae (4) em&DcGJ
tcsdefwdwd txufArmjynf ausmif;om;rsm;abmvkH;yGJ usif;yonf/
arv (10) &ufaeYwGif Ou| ukdatmifqef;u or*toif;BuD;\ pnf;rsOf;Oya'Murf;udk wifoGif;&m
if;Oya'Murf; or*toif;BuD;okdY qufoG,faMu; (12) usyf &moufyef toif;om;0ifaMu; (25) usyf pDpOfxm;
aMumif;ESifh Ou| ukdatmifqef;ESifh trIaqmif (9) OD;ukd aG;cs,f wifoGif;&m uefYuGufolrSd twnfjyKcJhonf/
(p) 'kw,
d tBurd f Auo nDvmcH qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tcrJhrlvwef; ynmroifrae&aom Oya'jyKvkyf xkwfjyefoifhaMumif; xifjrifoabm&
onfhtwkdif; wkdufwGef;aMumif; tqkdukd ukdGefYwifu wifoGif; awmifil ukdxGef;armifu axmufcHonf/
(2)
aTbkdSd txufwef;aeSife,fausmif;ESifh tjcm;NrdKUrsm;Sd aeSife,fausmif;rsm;ukd tpkd;& todrSwfjyK&ef
tqkdukd aTbkd ukdodef;armifu tqkdwifoGif; rEav; ukdA[def;u axmufcHonf/
(3)
jrefrmjynftpk;d & ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESihf pufrv
I ufro
I ifausmif;rsm; trsKd;rsKd;zGiahf y;&ef tpnf;ta0;BuD;
u wkdufwGef;aMumif; tqkdudk ukdomxGef;u wifoGif; ukdausmfpdef (a&eHacsmif;) u axmufcHonf/
(4)
jrefrmjynf ausmif;wkdif;ausmif;wkdif;wGif tcgtcGifhMuHKonfh yGJrsm;jzpfap? trsKd;om;aeYrsm; jzpfap?
wkYd ArmoDcsi;f rsm;ukd pdww
f uf<uap&eftwGuf oDq&dk ef wku
d w
f eG ;f aMumif; tqku
d dk ukad tmifoed ;f u wifoiG ;f
ukdjrwfom'Gef;u axmufcHonf/
tqkdrsm; qkH;jzwfjyD;aemuf oydwfarSmufacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfaom ukdEku pum;ajymMum;onf/
arv (11) &ufaeYwGif trsKd;om;wuokdvf &efykHaiGtwGuf rEav;NrdKUay: ausmif;om;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;
vSnfhvnfaumufcHMuonf/
(1)
(q) 1937-38 AuoESihf wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ

The Working Committee of All Burma Students' Union (1937-38)
Ou|
'k-Ou|
twGif;a&;rSL;
tkd;a0t,f'Dwm
aiGxdef;
pma&;
Auo trIaqmiftzJGY
(1) ukdatmifqef;
(2) ukdvSaT
(3) ukdjrpdef
(4) ukdA[def;
(5) ukdodef;[ef
(6) ukdvSarmif
(7) ukdausmfjrifh
(8) ukdxGef;wif
(9) ukdoef;wif
(10) ukdxGef;pdef
(11) ukdzkd;tkH
(12) ukdbZH
(13) ukdpkd;armif
udak tmifqef; pma&;om;

qufo,
G cf aUJ om ykord Nf rKd rY S ukjd rpdef
(aemif oHtrwfBu;D )
109
wuo trIaqmiftzGJY
(1) ukdb*srf;
(2) ukdvSaT
(3) ukdvSarmif
(4) ukdat;ausmf
(5) ukdndKjr
(6) ukdbSrf;
(7) ukdatmifqef;
(8) ukdAaqG
(9) ukdwifarmif
(10) ukdjrSdef
(11) ukdxGef;az
(12) ukdA[def;
(13) ukdpkd;armif
Ou|
'k-Ou|
pmMunfhwkdufrSL;
Editors and publicity officer
aiGxdef;
(Ex: Office)
(Manager away)
(t,f'Dwm Union News)
(Inter University Affairs)
(Chairman-social Sub Committee)
(Z) 'kw,
d tBurd f ArmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f mausmif;om;rsm;or* uGezf &ifrh S wwd,uGezf &ifh rwkid rf D tpD&ifcpH m
(Z-1) jrbl;aumfrwD
'kwd,uGefz&ifhu qkH;jzwfvkdufonfhtwkdif; or*toif;BuD;\ tvkyftrIaqmifu atmufygyk*dKvfrsm;
yg0ifaom wuokdvftufOya'jyifqifa&;aumfrwD ukd zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
(1) OD;ausmfjrifh
0wfvkHawmf&
(2) a'gufwmxifatmif
0wfvkHawmf&
(3) OD;wifarmif
t,f'Dwm? e,l;bm;rm;
(4) OD;xGef;oef;
t,f'Dwm? bm;rm;*sme,f
(5) ocifodef;armif
wkdYArmtpnf;tkH;
(6) udk&mSpf
(Auotoif;BuD;\ Ou|a[mif;)
(7) ukdatmifqef;
(Auotoif;BuD;\ vufSd Ou|) (aqmfMool)
txufyg aumfrwDonf jrbl;aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpmukd tao;pdwf pOfpm;aqG;aEG;NyD; wuokdvftufOya'
jyifqifa&;tpD&ifcHpmukd a&;om;cJhonf/ if;rSjrbl;aumfrwD\ tpD&ifcHpmESifU ywfouf ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*toif;rS
cefhxm;tyfaom wuokdvfjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrSwfwrf;
jyqkdtyfaomrSwfwrf;rSm ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;toif; tvkyftrIaqmifu rEav;NrdKUwGif
arv (10) &ufaeY usi;f yonfh 'kw,
d tBudrf ArmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f mausmif;om;rsm;uGezf &ifh qk;H jzwfcsuf trSwf (4)
t& cefYxm;tyfaom wuov
dk t
f ufOya'jyifqifa&;aumfrwDu ynma&;zuf jrefrmjynftpk;d &okYd wifoiG ;f aom
rSww
f rf;jzpfonf/ tvkyt
f rIaqmifrmS ZGev
f (17) aeYwiG rf S awGUqkEH idk
f tqkyd gaumfrwDzUJG pnf;&ef txl;usyfwnf;
aeonfudk awGU&ygaMumif;? tcsKUd u aumfrwDwiG f cefYxm;vkad om yk*Kd vBf uD;rsm;rSm e,fwiG f adS e waMumif;? wcsKdUrSm
txl;udpr sm;ae waMumif;? tvkyt
f rIaqmifrmS yk*Kd vBf uD; ( 6) a,mufrQom qkcH NhJ yD; aumfrwDwiG f cefYxm;Ekid af Mumif;?
if; (6) a,muf teufrv
S nf; (2) OD;aom yk*Kd vfBuD;wkYd rmS rvTrJ uif;omojzifh uREkyf w
f Ydk tm; rulnED ikd yf gaMumif;?
okYdjzpf&m useyf *k Kd vBf uD;rsm;jzpfaom 0wfvakH wmf& OD;ausmjf rif?h uk&d mSp?f ocifoed ;f armif? OD;wifarmifEiS hf usaemfwYdkonf
(8) &ufwkdifwkdif aeYpOfpOf;pm; tjrefrSwfwrf;wif&ygaMumif;/
rSww
f rf;ukd tvkyt
f rIaqmifu aemufZv
l idk f (28) &ufaeY pnf;a0;aomtcg Oya'jyKtzGUJ 0if trwfrif;
wkdYESifh tjcm;jynfolwkdYtm; xkwfa0&ef cGifhjyKvkdufygaMumif;? okdY&mwGif tjcm;tvkyfudp txl;rsm; vkyfom;
110

tpkHtvif rSdojzifh rSwfwrf;ukd rQMumum xkwfa0&jcif; jzpfygaMumif;/
rSww
f rf;um; jrbl;aumfrwD tpD&ifcpH mxuf pdw0f ifpm;zG,&f m jzpfaMumif;? rSww
f rf;um; tmPm?
PfSif? tjriftMum; tawmfyifrsm;olrsm;\ vufpGrf;OmPfpGrf;[k r&rf;qEkdifvifhupm; jrefrmjynfSd acwfrD
PfrD yk*dKvfwdkY\ oabmxm;ukd jy&ma&mufonf[k ,kHMunf,lqygaMumif;/
atmifqef;
(aqmfMool)
(Z-2) rSwfwrf;
1/ qmjrbl;BuD;rSL;onfh wuokdvftufOay'jyifqifa&;aumfrwD\ tpD&ifcHpmrSm arv? yxr&uf
owywfwiG f xGuaf y:vm\/ rEav;NrdKU arv (9) &ufEiS hf (10) &ufaeYwYdkwiG f usi;f yaom 'kw,
d tMudrf
jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm; uGefz&ifh0,f wuokdvf jyifqifa&;ESifhywfouf aqmifGuf&ef
twGuf wuokdvftufOya' jyifqifa&;aumfrwDwck zGJUpnf;&ef ausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyf tvkyftrIaqmif
wkdYrS ausmif;ydwfaeojzifh ZGefv tv,favmufrSomvQif tqkdyg wuokdvfjyifqifa&;aumfrwDukd
cefYxm;&ef pnf;a0;awGUqkEH idk \
f / okYdcefYtyfaom uREyfk w
f Ydk wuov
dk t
f ufOya'jyifqifa&;aumfrwDtzGUJ onf
cefYNyD; rMumrD awGUqkEH ;DS aESm wkid yf ifMu\/ jrbl;aumfrwDEiS hf ywfouf wuov
dk af umifpu
D v
dk nf; Zlvidk v
f wGif
usi;f yrnfjzpf xkad umifpt
D wGuf qk;H jzwfcsut
f qkrd sm; ay;ydYk Mu&ef ZGev
f (30) &ufaeYtxd awmif;xm;\/
tpdk;&uvnf; jrbl;aumfrwDESifh ywfouf tMuHPfrsm;udk ZGefv (30) &ufaeYtxd vufcHrnf[k
aMunmxm;\/ okYd jzpf&um; uREkyf w
f Ydk aumfrwDonf aeYwikd ;f xkid
f pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;Mu&\/ jrbl;aumfrwD
tpD&ifcHpm tcsufwYdk udk uREkyf w
f Ydk tm;&yg;& rppfaq;Ekid af omfvnf; t"dupnf;rsOf;rsm;wGiu
f m; uREkyf w
f dkY
tm;vkH; woabmwnf;jzpf\/ uREkfyfwkdY pOf;pm;&orQ tm;vkH;oabmwlnDcsuf &orQcsnf;jzpf\/
2/ uREkfyfwkdY jrbl;aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpmESifh ywfouf ta&;BuD;aom? t&mygaom tcsufrsm;pGmwkdYwGif
if;aumfrwDEiS hf ruku
d n
f o
D nfudk awGUS&d onf/ okYd &mwGif jrbl;aumfrwDtpD&ifcpH m ygdo
S rQ tao;tzGyJ g
tjypfwifa&;om;&ef rvk&d um; ta&;BuD;aom? t&mygaom axmufccH surf sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f pOf;pm;ygaMumif;/
3/ jrbl;aumfrwD tpD&ifcpH mESihf ywfouf wuov
dk af usmif;om;rsm; txl;rausreyf jzpfaeMu\/ tu,f
uREyfk w
f Ydk xifjrifcsurf sm;ukd txl;ojzifh wuov
dk af umifpw
D iG f tjyiftyrS wuov
dk t
f &mSEd iS hf tpk;d &t&mSd
r[kwfaomol trsm;tjym; yg0if&efta&;ESifh wuokdvfESifh aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; qufoG,fa&; (2)
&yfEiS hf pyfvsO;f uREyfk w
f Ydk\ xifjrifcsurf sm;ukd wuodkvftufOya' topfwiG f xnho
f iG ;f ygu wkid ;f jynfEiS hf
wuG ausmif;om;rsm;tm; vufcHzG,f&m jzpfvdrfhrnf[k uREkfyfwkdY ,lqygaMumif;/
4/ jrbl;aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpmwGif pmykd'frsm;ESifh axmufcHcsufrsm;udk eHygwf wyfrxm;ojzifh pmTef;&ef
cufcJonfhtwGuf 0rf;enf;zG,fw&yf jzpfygaMumif;/
5/ &efukefwuokdvfonf pmppfwuokdvftjzpfomSdoifhonf (okdYr[kwf) ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; pmoif
wuokdvftjzpfom Sdoifhonf[laom jyemukd uREkfyfwkdY MumSnfav;jrifhpGm pOf;pm;MuygaMumif;?
uREkfyfwkdYrlum; emrnfynwfavmufudk *krxm;vkdyg/ rnfonhf wuokdvfrqkd if;wnfSd&m wkdif;jynf\
tajctaeukd vku
d
f jzpfpjrJyifjzpf\/ odYk &mwGif wuov
kd u
f kd topfprD t
H yk cf sKyfenf; pOf;pm;&m if;vufdS
tajctaeukdvnf; ay,smvuef rjzpfay/ aocsmpGmppfaq; Munfhygrlum; ,ck&efukefwuokdvfonf
pmoifausmif;vnf; rrnf? ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; ausmif;[kvnf; rqkdom? ausmif;om;rsm;udk pmoif&m
wGif aumvdyfausmif;rsm;wGifom vkH;0oifMuonfukd awGU&\/ &Hzef&Hcg aumvdyfausmif;tcsKdUwkdYrS
ausmif;om;rsm;ukd acRwma&;? oufaomifhoufoma&;twGufom yl;aygif;oifMum;jyo\/ if;tjyif
rsm;pGmaom ausmif;om;rsm;rSmvnf; tdrjf yeftrd pf m; jzpfMu\/ okYd &mwGif qkcd NhJ yD;cJo
h nft
h wkid ;f uREyfk w
f Ydkonf
trnfynwfudk rvkdufvdk? ,ckvufSd tajcaet& wuokdvfukd aSUokdY rnfodkYjyKjyifoifhonfukdom
pOf;pm;oGm;rnf jzpfygaMumif;/
6/ a,bk,svu
dk v
f Qirf u
l m; ,ckvuft
dS wkid ;f &efuek w
f uov
dk f Sad pvk\
d / wwftm;Ekid af om ausmif;om;rsm;
onf ausmif;tdyaf usmif;pm;aevko
d nf[k jrbl;aumfrwD\ a&;om;csuu
f dk uREyfk w
f Ydk oabmwlyg\/ xko
d Ydk
raeEkid af om ausmif;om;rsm;tm; paumvm;Sprf sm;ykrd adk y;&efEiS hf xku
d o
f ifah om ausmif;q&mrsm;ukd ynma&;
111
Xmeu pwkdifyif axmufyHh&efqkdaom tcsufudkvnf; oabmwlyg\/ if;tjyif tjyifty woD;wjcm;
qif;&JEGrf;yg; xkdufoifhaom qif;&Jaom? ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vkH;twGuf wuokdvfynm&&eftwGuf
wckwnf;aom enf;vrf;[k uREkyf w
f Ydk txl;,kMH unfaom t&mum; aemufq;Hk wuov
dk pf mar;yGaJ tmifNyD;
aumvdyrf sm;wGiaf eaom pmoifausmif;om;rsm; oifMum;tyfaom tcsdeaf phNyD;aom tcgrsKd; tjcm;tvGwf
ausmif;om;rsm;ukd k;d k;d wuov
dk f pmar;yGt
J m;vk;H ukd 0ifa&mufajzqkEd idk &f ef cGijhf yKjcif;yifjzpfygaMumif;? xkad Mumifh
qkdcJhNyD;aom enf;t&vnf;aumif;? qkdvwHUaom pnf;urf;rsm;t& vnf;aumif;(1) wuokdvfokdY0ifcGifh&aom ausmif;om;wkdif; Oypmwef;pmar;yGJukd tvGwf0ifcGifh& wzef 'D*&D pmar;
yGJukd uefYowfaom tcsdefNyD;aemuf 0ifcGifh&&ef?
(2) tpk;d &aq;ausmif;rS vnf;aumif;? tpk;d &pufrv
I ufrI ynmoifausmif;rS vnf;aumif;? bDtpdk aD umvdyf
rS vnf;aumif;? vkdifpifvufrSwf&aom Oypmwef;rS vnf;aumif; atmifaomolwkdif; (3) ESpfrQ
q&m0ef (okdYr[kwf) pufq&m? tif*sifeD,mtjzpf jyKvkyfNyD;aemuf trfbDbDtufpf pmar;yGJukd
vnf;aumif;? tif*sifeD,m bDtufpDpmar;yGJukd vnf;aumif;? 0ifcGifhay;&ef (tu,f uJhokdY
trfbDbDtufpf atmifaom ausmif;om;rsm; NAdwdoQ aq;bufqkdif&maumifpDu todrSwfrjyKvQif
b,fuJhokdY jyKvkyf vQif todrSwfjyKrnfjzpfaMumif; pkHprf;ajymay;apvkdygaMumif;)/
7/ tqkdyg pnf;urf;csufrsm;tjyif tm;vkH;tvGwf0ifausmif;om;rsm;twGuf jzpfap? tcsKdUtwGufjzpfap
vkdonfhtavsmuf atmufyg pnf;urf;csufrsm;udk xm;EkdifygaMumif;(1) avmu"gwf 'D*&DbUJG xl; (okYd r[kw)f 'pfyvkrd mvufrw
S t
f wGuf twef;tpm;t& vkt
d yfaom vufawGU
tvkyu
f dk todrw
S jf yKtyfaom "gwfcJG w
Hk iG f vkyzf ;l aMumif; oufaocHpm wifjy&ef (okYdr[kw)f xkv
d ufawGU
oifMum;&eftwGuf wuov
dk af usmif;wGif tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;ae&aom umvtykid ;f tjcm; w0ufrQ
ae&rnf[k pnf;urf;xm;&ef/
(2) aumvdyfausmif;om; r[kwfaom tvGwfajzolrsm;twGuf &D*spfpwm rSwfykHwifpm&if; wckxm;
pmar;yGrJ ajzrD ok;H vBudKwif if;wkYd\ emrnfrsm;ukd rSwyf w
Hk if pm&if;oGi;f xm;ap&ef/ uJo
h Ydk pnf;urf;
xm;vQif uREkfyfwkdY\ txufyg tvGwfynmoifwkdYtwGuf xifjrifcsufwkdYrSm rvkyfEkdifbG,f rSd[k
,lqygaMumif;/
8/ if;tjyif wuov
dk t
f ufOya'wGif &uf*al v;Si;f eHygwf (9) (tcef;- 6) ESihf tvm;wl owfrw
S cf surf sm;ukd
xkwyf ,f&ef uREkyf w
f Ydk wu
dk w
f eG ;f ygaMumif;? rnfonfah umvdyaf usmif;om;rqkd if;oiftyfaompmukd tcsdef
aphatmif oif,lNyD;onfhaemuf (2) ESpfuszl;onfjzpfap? wESpfuszl;onf jzpfap (okdYr[kwf) vkH;0pmar;yGJ
rajzbl;onfjzpfap tvGwfpmar;yGJ 0ifoifhygaMumif;? ta&;ESifh ywfouf jrbl;aumfrwDu wESpf
uszl;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tvGwfpmar;yGJ 0ifcGifhay;oifhonf[k axmufcHcsufrSm vkHavmufonf[k
uREkyf w
f Ydk r,lqaMumif;? ausmif;om;wOD;onf rdrad jzqkt
d ahH om pmar;yGt
J wGuf tcsdeaf phatmif oifNyD;orQ
umvywfvkH; tvGwfpmar;yGJ ajzEkdifatmif wESpfus&OD;rnf qkdonfrSm ,kwdrwefvSay/
9/ tvGwfajzqkdaom ausmif;om;rsm;udk cGifhjyKvkdonfhtaMumif;rsm;rSm (2) &yf[k awG;p&mSdygaMumif;? yxr
taMumif;um; uJhokdY tcGifhta&;onf wuokdvfynm\ twef;tpm; avsmhbG,f&m jzpfonf[laom
t&myif jzpfavonf/ wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf uJhodkY xifjrifcsufrsm; txl;rSm;onf[k ,lqygaMumif;?
wuov
dk o
f nf rdrt
d wef;tpm;udk rdrt
d vkd o
dS vdk owfrw
S Ef idk af Mumif;? xkYd aMumifh uJo
h Ydk twef;tpm;ukd
&oif&h xku
d o
f nfrmS txl;xifmS ; vSygaMumif;? xku
d o
hJ Ydk wuov
dk pf mar;yJrG sm;\ twef;tpm;rsm;rSm jrifae&
orQ umvywfv;Hk tvGwaf jzqko
d rl sm;tm; cGijhf yKojzifh wuov
dk b
f UJG rsm;rSm b,fenf;ESifhrQ twef;tpm;
avsmh aps;aygoGm;rnf r[kwfay/ tu,f wuokdvfq&mrsm;onf tvGwfajzolrsm;tm; pmjzihf jzpf
ap? if;wkYd tm;vyfcsdew
f iG f jzpfap? pmoifMum;ygu if;wkYd oifMum;tyfaom wuov
dk f tvky0f w&m;rsm;
ayghysufp&m taMumif;SdygaMumif;? xkdokdYoifMum;jcif;udk txl;wm;jrpfygu tvGwfajzqkdolrsm;ukd cGifhjyK
ojzifh b,fykHb,fenf; wuokdvfynm\ twef;tpm; avsmhoGm;p&mSdaMumif; awG;awm&ef cJ,Of;vSay
aMumif;? okdY xifjrif,lqaom olrsm;tm; pum;tykdryg Sif;Sif;wkdwkdESifh taMumif;jyyg&ef uREkfyfwkdYu
ar;jref;vkdygaMumif;/
10/ uREfyk w
f Ydk ,cktMuHay;&mwGif ausmif;om;trsm; aumvdyfausmif;okdY rvmrSmvnf; pkd;&drfbG,f&mrSday/
tb,faMumifh tcrf;tem;qef;jym;BuD;us,af om ausmif;awmftaqmuftODrsm;? aysmpf &m? yg;p&m? upm;p&m?
112

aep&m? qifp&m tcrf;tem;rsm;um; ausmif;om;wkid ;f ESihf ausmif;om;wkid ;f \ rdbwkYdudk txl; pdwfqGJaqmif
ojzifh wwfEidk af omolwidk ;f aumvdyaf usmif;okYd vmrnfrmS ajrBuD;vufcwf rvGEJ idk [
f k qkEd idk af Mumif;? okYd
jzpf&um; wuokdvfrSm tvGwfajzolrsm;tm; cGifhjyKojzifh b,fenf;ESifhrQ qkH;IH;p&mrjrifay/
11/ taMumif;rSty uJhokdY tvGwfajzqkdolrsm;tm; cGifhjyKjcif;onf tvkyftukdifSd axmufyHhp&m vlrsm;
tpk;d &zufwiG f jzpfap? tjcm;zufwiG f jzpfap? aSUokYd wk;d wufcsiaf om olrsm;pGmwkYd tm; txufwef;ynmukd
oifvadk ompdwf jzpfz,
G &f m Syd gaMumif;? okYd aiGtm; rwwfEidk
f txufwef;ynm&vkad om olrsm;omvQif
tvGwfajzqkdolrsm; jzpfrnfjzpfaMumif;? wuokdvfpmar;yGJ twef;tpm;onf jrifhjrifhSdaevQif xkdpmar;yGJ
atmifEidk o
f nfh tvGwfajzqkdolrSm omrnvlrsm;xuf t&nftcsif;Sdolyif jzpfavonf/ okdY tMuHOmPf
rsm;udk pOf;pm;&mwGif &efukefwuokdvf wckwnf;om jrefrmjynfwGifSdonf [lonfh tcsufukd txl;owd
jyKoifhygaMumif;/
12/ txufujyqkcd o
hJ nft
h wkid ;f wcrf;wem; wuov
dk w
f iG f ae&xkid &f onfuadk xmuf wwfEidk af om ausmif;
om;rsm;onf ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; jzpfMurnf jzpfaMumif;? pifppftm;jzifh &efukefNrdKUwGif rdbSdaom
rsm;pGmaom ausmif;om;rsm;yif ausmif;tdyaf usmif;pm;tjzpf aevkMd uaMumif;? okYd aomf xku
d o
hJ Ydk raevkad om
ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf tb,fuJhokdY xm;rnfenf;/ &efukefNrdKUwGif rdbrsm;ESifh aexkdifaom ausmif;om;
rsm;tm; tdrfjyeftdrfpm;tjzpf vufcHonf rSefaomfvnf; aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;ESifh aexkdifaom ausmif;om;
rsm;tm; &Hzef&Hcg ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; ae&rnf[k twif;tMuyf wkdufwGef;onfudk uREkfyfwkdY awGUSd&yg
aMumif;? NrdKUxJwGifaejcif;onf p&dwfoufom acsmifcsd pm;a&;aomufa&;rSmvnf; aumvdyfausmif;rsm;
xuf rcsKdU,Gif;[k uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfaMumif;? okdYjzpf&um; &efukefNrdKUwGif rdbrsm;ESifhaexkdifMuaom ausmif;
om;rsm;tjyif bDat? bDtufpD twef;rsm;udk oifMum;Muaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vkH;? if;wkdY\ rdb
(okdYr[kwf) tkyfxdef;olrsm;u pmjzifh taMumif;Mum;u NrdKUxJwGif ae&ef cGifhjyKxkdufaMumif;/
13/ wuodkvfonf if;aumifpDu? if;aumifpDvlBuD;rsm;xJu jzpfap? okdYr[kwf jyifywkdif;jynfzufwGif
vnf;aumif;? ynma&;zufwiG f vnf;aumif; aqmifu
G af eaom yk*Kd vfrsm;xJu jzpfap? if;t"dywd cseq
f ,f
vm vlMuD;udk aG;aumufwifajrmuf&ef tcGifhta&; &SdxkdufNyD[k uREkfyfwkdY av;av;eufeuf ,lqaMumif;?
wuov
kd o
f nf uk,
d yf idk t
f yk cf sKyv
f yk u
f idk &f aom taqmuftODjzpfonft
h wkid ;f if;tBuD;trSL; em,utjzpf
wifajrmufvo
dk t
l m; wifajrmufEidk &f efrmS txl;avsmu
f ef oifjh rwfvaS yaMumif;? xko
d YdkaG;aumuf wifajrmuf
cH&aom cseq
f ,fvm t"dywdonf bk&ifcx
H uf wuov
kd t
f a&;rsm;ukd ykrd edk ;D pyfpmG od pdw0f ifwpm; vku
d pf m;
zG,f&m SdaMumif;? if;tjyif rnfonfhtcsdefrqkd wuodkvfESifh vufSdtpkd;&wdkY tjiif;yGm;Muygu xkduJhokdY
aG;aumufaom t"dywdonf wuodkvfbufrS txl;ajymay;rnfjzpfaMumif;? bk&ifcHom t"dywdjzpfae
ygu Mum;rSvnf;aumif;? vufSdtrwfcsKyf tpkd;&zufrSvnf;aumif; ae&eftaMumif; SdayaMumif;/
14/ jrbl;aumfrwDonf wuodkvfESifh aumvdyfausmif;rsm; qufqHa&;ESifh ywfouf wuodkvfaumifpDwGif
tmPmSd? rSd[laom tcsufudk tpD&ifcHpm eHygwf (13) ESifh (14)? if;aemuf (26) rS (28) wdkYwGif pOf;
pm; aqG;aEG;MuaMumif;? xdkodkYaqG;aEG;&mwGif jrbl;aumfrwDu wuodkvfaumifpDwGif tmPmrSdqdkaom
pum;rSm tajctjrpfususee rSd[kqdkaMumif;? pum;udk axmufjcif;tm;jzifh jrbl;aumfrwD0if
vlBuD;wdkYonf wuodkvftwGif;a&;udk aumif;pGmrodaMumif; xifSm;vSayonf/ wuodkvfaumifpDonf
tmPmrS[
d o
l nfh tcsufrmS txifrQom r[kw?f wu,f tppftrSeyf if jzpfaMumif;? ,ckvufdS t"dywd\
aumufcsufwckt&qdkaomf wuodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif if;tm; vlBuD;rsm;onf ar;cGef;rsm;
rar;Edik q
f akd Mumif;? wzeftjcm;if; aumufcsut
f &um; wuov
kd af umifp\
D qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;onf qD;edwf
tzGJUESifh wuodkvfausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm;odkY axmufcHcsuftaersKd;jzifhom qD;edwfESifh aumvdyftkyfcsKyf
a&;tzGJUwdkY tay: rnfodkYrQ wm0efrwnfaMumif;? pwufusL (33) ESifh (34) taMumif;wdkYudk txl;ta&;,l
aomf jyxm; jrbl;aumfrwDyifvQif txifrSm;? tjrifrSm; jzpfaeayaMumif;? pwufusL (33-34)
t& csxm;tyfaom pnf;rsO;f tpDtpOfrmS wu,fwef; jzpfajrmufEikd &f ef cJ,Of;vSayaMumif;? tpD&ifcpH mwck
wuov
kd af usmif; wausmif;rS awmif;qdEk ikd &f ef wuov
kd af umifpD yxrawGU aqG;aEG; &OD;rnfjzpfaMumif;?
xdkuJhodkY aqG;aEG;&mwGif tpD&ifcHpmudk awmif;&eftqdkrSm IH;aumif; IH;EdkifayaMumif;? rIH;bJ twnfjzpfap
umrl aumvdyfrsm;u vdktyfaom tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk wifoGif;&ef tcsdef,l qGJOD;rnfjzpfaMumif;? xdkYaemuf
wuodkvfaumifpDu wzefawGUqkH aqG;aEG;&OD;rnfjzpfaMumif;? xdktpD&ifcHpmt& ta&;,l&eftqdkonf
113
yxr IH;aumif; IH;ayrnf/ rIH; twnfjzpfonfhwdkifatmif wuodkvft"dywd\ oabmwlnDcsuf &Sd
&OD;rnf jzpfaMumif;/ odkYjzpf&um; {&mrwuodkvfaumifpDBuD;\ tmPmpufjyif;aom trdefYawmfvTmrSm
qdkif&m aumvdyfwdkYodkY ra&mufcif tcsif;jzpfyGm;aeaom t&mrsm;rSm vufveG Ef iS
hf NyD;NyDjzpf teEo&l ,
d
trwf owfapaom e&odcrF if;uJo
h Ykd jzpfrnfrmS txl;xifmS ;vSayaMumif;/
15/ wzef wuodkvfaumifpDvlBuD;rsm;onf pwufusL (33) t& tb,fodkYvQif rdrdwdkY\ tcGifhta&;udk
tokH;csEdkifygrnfenf;/ aumvdyfausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm;\ tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;rsm;udk tjyifrnfolrQ
rod&? owif;pmrsm;wGiv
f nf; raMunm? aumvdyaf usmif;rsm;taMumif; aumifpv
D Bl uD;rsm; b,fyHk b,fenf;
MuHzef odEikd yf grnfenf;/ if;wdYk odzG,f&mXmerSvGefrS xGufvmaom aumvm[vowif;rsm;om jzpfay
vdrfhrnf/ odkYpOfvsuf jrbl;aumfrwD0iftm;vkH;u wuodkvfaumifpDonf tmPmtb,fSdonf[k ajymqdk
jcif;rSm tHhbG,fyifwum;/ uREkfyfwdkYonf aumvdyfausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm;udk wuodkvftmPmydkif
tzGUJ rsm; tjzpf[k aMunmonf raMunmonfukd tav;rrlay/ uREfyk w
f Ykd tvdk o
dS nfrmS wuov
kd af umif
pDonf pmGufay:wGifomr[kwf wu,ftvkyfvkyf&mwGifvnf; tmPmSdonfudkom tvdkSdaMumif;? xkdY
aMumifh aumvdyftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwdkif;\ tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;ESifhwuG tjcm;vdktyfaom pmGufpmwrf;
rsm;udkyg tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUtpnf;ta0;NyD; &ufowywf ESpfywftwGif; aumifpDvlBuD;rsm;xHodkY ydkY&ef
txl;wdkufwGef; &ayaMumif;? 4if;tjyif pwufusL (33) ESifh (34) wGif csxm;tyfaom pnf;rsOf; tpDt
pOfudkvnf; rnfonfh aumifpDvlBuD;rqdk ta&;,lEdkifatmif jyifqifoifhygaMumif;? xdkodkYta&;,l&ef tqdk
atmifjrifvQif xdq
k ;Hk jzwfcsurf mS wnf aumvdyaf usmif;rsm;u vdu
k ef m&rnf jzpfaMumif;? aumvdyaf usmif;
rsm;\ ausmif;tkyfrsm;onf aumifpDvlBuD;rsm; jzpfaMumif;? odkYjzpf&m wuodkvfaumifpDwGif 4if;tkyfcsKyf
a&;\ tzGJUrsm;\ ,lqykHoabmudk ajymjyEdkifaMumif;? enf;jzifhomvQif wuodkvfaumifpDonf tmPm
S
d if;aumvdyrf sm; tay:wGif tkycf sKyfuyG u
f EJ ikd rf nf jzpfaMumif;? odYk r[kwv
f Qif &,fp&maumif;aom
wuodkvfaumifpDtmPmudk zsufodrf; wkdif;jynftm;trSeftwdkif; odaptyfvSNyDjzpfaMumif;/
16/ jrbl;tpD&ifcHpm pmrsufESmeHygwf (26-28) wdkYwGif axmufcHcsufwdkYrSm jyif;jyif;xefxef tjypfqdkxdkuf
vSaMumif;/ pmrsufESmeHygwf (28) wGif jrbl;aumfrwDonf jrefrmeef;&if;0efBuD;onf t"dywdjzpfoifh?
rjzpfoifhta&;ukd aqG;aEG;onfu tu,f EkdifiHa&;tajymif;tvJjref 0g'trsKd;rsKd; t,ltqtrsKd;rsKd;
Sdaom csefq,fvm t"dywdatmufokdY wuodkvfa&muf&vQif cPcP wuodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;rSm wrsKd;NyD;
wrsKd; uGJvGJp&mSdojzifh onf;rcHEkdifp&m tajcodkY a&mufSdzG,f jrifayaMumif;[k qkdxm;yg\/ pmrsufESm
eHygwf (20) wGifvnf; Oya'jyKtzGJUrS wuokdvfaumifpDokdY ukd,fpm;vS,f vTwfoifh? rvTwfoifh ta&;wGif
tvm;wl rSwcf suu
f dk awGU&avonf/ wuov
dk t
f yk cf sKyfa&;ukd Ekid if aH &;tajymif;tvJtvku
d f rSo
d if[
h al om
xifjrifcsufukd uREkfyfwkdYvnf; BudKufyg\/ okdYjzpf&um; pmrsufESmeHygwf (26-28) wkdYwGif ,leDAmpDwD?
aumvdyf? aq;aumvdyf? q&mjzpfoifaumvdyfwkdYonf if;wkdYukd tpkd;&u axmufyHhxm; tpkd;&tkyfcsKyf
&rnf jzpfaMumif;[k axmufcHxm;onfukd awGU&aomtcg txl;tHhMozG,f&m jzpfygaMumif;? okYdqkdvQif
tjrJwrf; y#dnmOf (tkdifpDtuf) trIxrf;wkdY\ tMuHay;csufvkdufemum trwfcsKyftzGJU atmufokdY aum
vdyfausmif;rsm; usa&mufojzifh EkdifiHa&;t&dyftwGif; usrnfr[kwfygavm? aumvdyfrsm; odkYjzpfvQif
wuov
dk v
f nf; Ekid if aH &;t&dyrf uif;Ekid af cs? xkYdaMumifh ,k'oefaumvdyu
f o
hJ Ydk tjcm;aumvdyrf sm;udk rxm;bJ
,k'oefaumvdyfukd wuokdvfvufatmuf oGif;oifhayaMumif;? wuokdvfonf aumvdyfausmif;rsm;rSd
bJ pmoifMum;jcif;ESifh aea&;xkdifa&;ukd if;ukd,fwkdif aqmifGufjcif;tm;jzifh jzpfEkdifaMumif;? okdY&mwGif
wuov
dk rf Sb
d J rnfonfah umvdyrf S rjzpfEidk ?f tu,f aumvdyaf usmif; wausmif;onf tcsuftvuf
rsm;udk oabmrwlygu wuokdvftzGJU0if aumvdyftjzpf todrSwfrjyKbJ if;ausmif;rsm;tm; wuokdvf
pmar;yG0J ifciG u
hf dk ray;bJxm; Oya'jyKtzGUJ vnf; aiGraxmufyb
hH J xm;&rnfjzpfaMumif;? xkad Mumifh ,k'oef
aumvdyf tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUukd jyKjyif&ef rjzpfEkdifqkdonfwGif jrbl;aumfrwDESifh uREkfyfwkYd oabmcsif;rwlay/
,k'oefaumvdyfonf tcsufrsm; rvkdufemvQif wuokdvfrS xGufoGm;EkdifonhftaMumif;ukd Sif;vif;
jywfom;pGm odap&rnf jzpfaMumif;/
17/ if;jyif wuokdvfaumifpDonf wu,ftmPmSdaom aumvdyfausmif;rsm;tay: MoZmtmPmanmif;&ef
twGuf Oya'jyKtzGUJ u ESppf OfEpS w
f idk ;f wuov
dk t
f wGuf owfrw
S af om bwf*sufaiGpm&if;ukd wuov
dk o
f Ydk
om wkdufkduf ay;apvkdaMumif;? xkdrSwzef aumvdyfrsm;okdY wuokdvfu a0pkcsay;oifhaMumif;/ tcsuf
114

rsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf a'gufwm tufpfata&mhzfwf wifjycsufESifh oabmwlnDygaMumif;/
18/ ,ck qkdtyfcJh&NyD;onfh aumvdyftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwkdYukd wuokdvfuzGJUpnf; atmufyg a,bk,sZ,m;
twkdif; zGJUpnf;oifhaMumif;/
- tpkd;&t&mSd r[kwfaom aumvdyfausmif;q&mvnf;r[kwfaom wuokdvfaumifpDu wifajrmufonfh
vlBuD; (7) a,muf?
- qD;edwfynma&;tzGJUrS (1) a,muf
- ausmif;om;rsm;u wifajrmufaom vlBuD; (1) a,muf
- ausmif;q&mrsm;rS (1) a,muf
- ausmif;tkyfESifh (q&mjzpfoifaumvdyftwGufom) 'kwd,t"dywdESifh ynmrif;BuD;
- (,leDAmpDwDaumvdyftwGufom) tif*sifeD,mygarmu
- (aq;aumvdyftwGufom ) jrefrmjynfaq;rif;BuD;
- (,k'oefaumvdyftwGufom) tar&duefomoemjyKtoif;rS (3) a,muf
- ausmif;om;rsm;u wifajrmuftyfaom vlBuD;rSm ausmif;om;rSvGJ &D*spfpwm rSwfykHwifpm&if;oGif;NyD;
wuokdvfbGJUxl;&olrsm;omru tjcm;vlBuD;rsm;xJrSvnf; jzpfoifhaMumif;/
19/ pmrsufESmeHygwf (14) jrbl;tpD&ifcHpmwGif tufOya'yk'fr (C) qkdvdktyfaom okyft"dyg,fSdvsufESifh
trIaqmifaumfrwDonf wuov
dk af umifp\
D tzGUJ r[kw[
f k qkx
d m;onf/ uREyfk w
f Ydkonf onfudk oabm
rwl/ yk'rf 2 (C) wGif ay;xm;aom okyaf zmfjycsurf mS aocsmpGm rSeu
f efaMumif;? xifjrifcsuw
f iG f trIaqmif
tzGJUrSm wifajrmuftyfaom vlBuD;rsm;ESifh wuokdvft&mSdrsm;om Sdaejcif;u txl;axmufcHvsufyif
SdayaMumif;? xkdYaMumifh yk'fr 2 (C) ukd rajymif;oifh? SdjrJSdap trIaqmifaumfrwDudkvnf; trIaqmif
aumifpD[k rajymif;vJoifh? trIaqmifaumfrwD tcGifha&;ESifhywfouf jrbl;aumfrwD okdYavm? okdYavm
awG;awmaep&m rvk?d So
d rQtm;vk;H tmPmwkYd udk wuov
dk af umifpt
D m;vT
J xkYd aemufrS pwufusLrsm;t&
trIaqmiftzGJUokdY vTJtyfoifhayaMumif;/
20/ qD;edwfukd ynmoifaumifpD[kac:&ef axmufcHcsufudk uREkfyfwkdY uefYuGuf&efrjrif/ ynmoifaumifpD
[lonfh pum;onf qD;edwftzGJU\ &nfG,fcsufvkyfief;udk ykdrkdxifSm;apygvQif bkwf (kH;) [k wuokdvf
aumifpD tpm;ay;xm;aom if;\ &nfG,fcsufvkyfief;udk omyif rodomaponf[k xifygaMumif;/
xkdYaMumifh wuokdvfaumifpD[kyif Sd&if;pGJemrnfukd xm;oifhaMumif;? okdYr[kwf ynmoifaumifpDrS cGJjcm;
jyovkdrluvnf; tkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpD[k ajymif;vJapvkdygaMumif;/
21/ pmrsufESm (15) (jrbl;tpD&ifcHpm) wGif 'kwd,t"dywdukd aG;aumuf&rnf[laom axmufcHcsufudk
MudKufEpS o
f ufay\/ okYd &mwGif uJo
h Ydk wuov
dk af umifpu
D aG;aumufwifajrmufaom 'kw,
d t"dywdudk
csefq,fvm t"dywd\ oabmwlncD suf Srd nfqo
dk nfrmS taMumif;rwefvaS y/ wuov
dk o
f nf tmPmSd
aom tzGJUjzpfoifhonfh twkdif;? if;aG;aumufwifajrmufvkdaom 'kwd,t"dywdudk aG;aumuf xkdufay
onf/ xkdokdY aG;aumufaom 'kwd,t"dywdudk oabmrusEkdifaom t"dywdukd uREkfyfwkdY awG; r&acs/
22/ wuov
dk af umifp0D ifvBl uD;rsm;wGif Oya't& jyifyrS tpk;d &t&mSv
d nf; r[kw?f wuov
dk t
f &mSv
d nf; r[kw?f
aumvdyaf usmif;q&mvnf; r[kwaf om vlBuD;trsm;tjym;yg0if&ef So
d ifah om awmif;qkcd suu
f kd uREyfk w
f Ydk t
xl; axmufcHaMumif;? jrbl;aumfrwDu awmif;qkdcsufonf tpkd;&drfvGef awmif;qkdjcif; jzpfonf[k
qk\
d / okYd&mwGif okYdp;dk &drjf cif;onf tpd;k &wuov
dk f okYdr[kwf aumvdyt
f &mSrd sm;jzpfaom tpk;d &t&mSrd sm;
tay: MoZmtmPm ysHUESHYaprnfxif jzpfonfqkd&m rSm;\/ uREkfyfwkdY pkd;&drfonfhtaMumif;rSm tpkd;&
uRefrsm;omru? jynfa&;jynf&mukd vkdufpm;aom vlBuD;rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;ukdyif zkH;vTrf;aeaom
uRefpdwftwGuf pk;d &drjf cif;jzpfayonf/ xku
d Repf w
d af Mumifh tpk;d &tvkyf r&&m r&aMumif;? tpk;d & todtrSwf
r&&m? r&aMumif; [k xifaom t&mwkdYwGif uJhokdY vlrsKd;rsm;rSm rm;rm;rwfrwf wkdif;jynfzufrS rae0Hhay/
23/ ynmoifa&;oufouf tzGJUrsm;wGif q&mrsm;ukd avsmhvkdjcif;ukd jrbl;aumfrwDu txl;aMumufvefYaomf
vnf; uREkyf w
f Ydk um; rQpk;d &drzf ,
G &f mrS[
d k xifygaMumif;? ynmoifMum;a&; oufouftzGUJ rsm; tay:wGif
tjyifyvltrsm; SdoihfaMumif; awmif;qkdcsufrSm rSday/
24/ wuokdvfaumifpD0ifvlBuD;rsm;\ta&twGufukd twnfwusrxm;&efukd jrbl;aumfrwDESifh oabmwl
ygaMumif;? t"dywdcseq
f ,fvmESihf wGb
J ufcseq
f ,fvmwkYd aumifp0D ifvBl uD;rsm; r[kwo
f ifq
h adk om axmufcH
115
csufukdvnf; uefYuGufp&mrSdyg/ okdY&mwGif wGJbufcsefq,fvmonf aumifpDukd rdefYcGef;ajymMum;&ef
t"dywd\ wlnDcsuf&&rnfqkdonfwGif 'kwd,csefq,fvmonf aumifpD\ cs,f,mrifjzpf ynmrif;
BuD;ESifh aumvdyfausmif;tkyfrsm;onf aumifpD0ifvlBuD;jzpfjcif;udk ruefYuGufyg/
25/ &efuek Nf rdKUSd t*Fvyd cf &pf,mef*P
dk ;f ESihf krd efuufovpf*P
dk ;f tkyw
f Ydk tm; aumifp0D ifvBl uD;jzpfjcif;udk oabm
rwlyg/ xkdenf;twkdif; omoemykdiftm; aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD; wifajrmuf&ef tcGifhta&;udkvnf; oabm
rwlyg/ xkdaMumifh yk'fr 11 (1)(C)(i) ESifh (n) wdkYudk wuokdvftufrS xkwfy,f&ef tMuHay;ygaMumif;/
26/ enf;twkdif; yk'fr 11 (1)(c) ESifh yk'fr (1)() wkdYwGif ay;xm;aom omoema&;ESifhqkdifaom toif;rsm;
tm; tcGifha&;ay;jcif;ukd oabmrwlyg/ yk'frtao;wkdYukd y,fzsuf trsKd;om;ynma&;tzGJU(pDtiftD;)
rS (2) a,muf uk,
d pf m;vS,w
f ifciG ?hf tjcm; (10) a,mufukd ynma&;ESiq
hf idk af om tzGUJ rsm;tm; wzGUJ pDjzpfap?
wGJjzpfap wifajrmufcGifhay;&ef wkdufwGef;ygaMumif;/
27/ ynmoifMum;a&;aumifpDrS wuokdvfaumifpDokdY wifajrmufxdkufaom OD;a&onf wuokdvfaumifpDrS
ynmoifMum;aomaumifpDokdY wifaom OD;a&ESifh wlnDrQxm;oifhaMumif;? xkdYaMumifh yk'fr 11 (1)(Z) udk
enf;twkid ;f jyifapvkyd gaMumif;? okYdr[kwf ,ckvuft
dS wkid ;f OD;a&xm;vkyd gu atmufygtwkid ;f yk'rf ukd
jyifapvkdygaMumif;/
]]ygarmu 5 OD;xufrykdaom ynma&;aumifpD0ifvlBuD; 10 OD; aumifpD0if vlBuD; jzpf&rnf/}}
twkdif; jzpfygu yk'fr 14 (1)(i) ukdvnf; ynmoifMum;a&;aumifpDokdY tjyifyrSvlBuD;
(10) a,muf wuokdvfaumifpDu wifajrmufEkdifatmif jyifqifay;vkdygaMumif;? yxrtMuHay;csufudk
vufcHygrlum;? pmrsufESmeHygwf (25) jrbl;tpD&ifcHpmwGif axmufcHcsufudk oabmwlygaMumif;/
28/ wuokdvfaumifpDwGif rSwfykHwifwuokdvfbGJUxl;rsm;tm; ukd,fpm;vS,fwifajrmufa&;ESifh ywfouf
yk'fr 11 (u)(ps) udk jyifqif&ef jrbl;aumfrwDu tMuHay;&mwGif rSwfykHwifwuokdvfbGJUxl;&ol (50)
vQif wa,mufus aumifpDvlBuD; Sd&rnf[kqkdaomtcsufudk oabmwlygaMumif;? okdY&mwGiftenf;qHk;
wuokdvfbGJUxl;&olrsm; (10) a,muf aumifpDwGif Sd&rnfjzpfonfukd oabmwlaomfvnf; (15) a,muf
xufryk&d [kqo
dk nfudk oabmrwlyg/ txufoYdk OD;a&rnfrQ uefYowf&ef rxm;oifyh g/ xku
d o
hJ Ydk wuov
dk f
bGUJ xl;&olrsm; aumifpw
D iG f rsm;avaumif;av jzpfygaMumif;? uJo
h Udk jyKojzifh if;wkYd OD;a&rSmvnf; tqrwef
rsm;vm&ef rSdyg/ xkdokdY bGJUxl;&olrsm;jzpfaom aumifpD0ifvlBuD;rsm;rSm tenf;qkH; (75) &mckdifEIef;rSm
tjyiftyvlBuD;rsm; jzpfoifyh gaMumif;? ausmif;om;rsm; 'D*&DbUJG xl;rsm;udk &MuonfEiS hf wNydKifeuf rSwyf w
Hk if
bGJUxl;&olrsm;tjzpfodkY a&mufoifhygonf/ wuokdvfbGJUxl;rsm;ukd &SdNyD;olrsm;onf xkdtcsdef xdktcgwGif
wuokdvftwGuf Oya'tzGJU0ifvlBuD;? wuokdvfaumifpD0ifvlBuD;rsm;udk aG;cs,f&ef pOf;pm; csifhcsdefwwf
aom tG,fa&mufNyD;[k ,lqoifhygonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf taG;aumufrcH&[k pnf;urf;xm;vQif
uREkfyfwkdY\ tMuHOmPfudk vufcHEkdifzG,f rSdyg/ jrbl;tpD&ifcHpm pmrsufESmeHygwf (19) wGif rSwfykHwif
tcaiG 10d^- jzpfoifhonf[laom axmufcHcsufukd oabmwlygaMumif;/
29/ &efukef? rEav;? ppfawG? armfvNrdKifjrLeDpy,frsm;rS aumifpDokdY ukd,fpm;vS,f vTwfjcif;ukd SdjrJSdapoifh
ygonf/ xkdxuftvGef jynf? yJcl;? awmifilNrdKUrsm;rS jrLeDpDyg,frsm;udkvnf; ukd,fpm;vS,fwOD;pD wifEkdifcGifh
ay;oifhygonf/ NrdKUrsm;rSmvnf; NrdKUBuD;rsm;jzpfygonf/ okdYay;ojzifh if;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh tjcm;
jrLeDpDyg,ftzGJUwkdYtm; if;wkdYt&yfrS wuokdvf ausmif;om;rsm;tm; aiGaxmufcHpm? tpD&ifcHpm pmrsufESm
(9) wGif tMuHay;onfhtwkdif; jzpfEkdifzG,f&mSdaMumif;/
30/ wuokdvfaumifpDwGif Oya'jyKtzGJUrS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; Sdoifhayonf/ NAdwdoQygvDrefESifh atmufpzkdY
wuokdvfwkdY qufoG,fa&;ESifh &efukefwuokdvfESifh jrefrmjynfvTwfawmf qufoG,fa&;rSm rwlay/
tpD&ifcHpm pmrsufESm (20-21) wkdYwGif jrbl;aumfrwDu aumifpDokdY ukd,fpm;vS,f vTwfcGifh vTwfawmftm;
tifwifwif ay;xm;aomfvnf; pmrsuEf mS (26-28) wGiu
f m; aumvdyaf usmif;rsm;udk tkycf sKyf&ef tpk;d &vuf
okdY 0uGuf tyfvkdufayonf/ pifppftm;jzifh vTwfawmfokdY wifajrmufvkdufaom ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf
Ekid if aH &; t,ltrsK;d rsK;d rS jzpfEidk af yonf/ okY&d mwGif tpk;d &tzGUJ zGUJ NyD; aqmifu
G v
f Qiu
f m; Ekid if aH &; t,ltjrif
wrsKd;wnf; Sdrnfjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh vTwfawmftm; aumifpDukd,fpm;vTwf&ef tcGifhta&;ay;jcif;onf
aumvdyfrsm;udk tpkd;&vuftyfonfxuf pkd;&drfaMumifhMup&m enf;ayonf/ pmrsufESmeHygwf (21) wGif
txufEiS hf atmufvw
T af wmfwYdk tm; a0ykcH sxm;aom OD;a&udk oabmrwlyg/ txufvw
T af wmfrS aumifpo
D Ydk
116

(2) a,muf? atmufvTwfawmfrS aumifpDokdY (8) a,muf vTwfoifhaMumif;? onfomvQif vTwfawmf
(2) ck OD;a&ESifh tcsKd;usayonf/
31/ aumifpo
D Ydk ausmif;om;rsm;u uk,
d pf m;vS,w
f a,muf wifajrm ufoifo
h nf[k axmufccH suf (pmrsuEf mS -21) udk
zwf& 0rf;ajrmufygaMumif;? okYd &mwGif aG;aumufwifajrmufc&H aom vlBuD;onf rSwyf w
Hk ifbUJG xl;&olrsm;
rSom r[kw?f ausmif;om;r[kwaf om tjcm;vlrsm;rSvnf; jzpfoifyh gonf/ wuov
dk o
f nf if;\ ausmif;
om;rsm;tm; trSm;ESifhtrSef a0cGJEdkif&ef oifMum;&eftwGuf jzpf\/ xkduJhodkY ynmoifay;onf qkdygu
&efuek w
f uov
dk o
f nf if;ausmif;om;rsm;\ a0zefaompdwu
f dk ,kMH unfxu
dk \
f / oifah wmfou
l o
dk m aumif
pDokdY wifajrmufrnf[k oHo,Sdp&m rSd/ jrbl;aumfrwDu uJhokdY ausmif;om;ukd,fpm;vS,f xm;jcif;
onf oifhawmfvSonfhtcsuf wuokdvfvkyfief;w&yf[k rxif[k qkd&m uREkfyfwkdYum; xkdodkYrMunfh?
ausmif;om;rsm;\ uk,
d pf m;vS,o
f nf ausmif;om;wkYd tzkYd aumifpw
D iG f aps;qpf&efr[kw?f ausmif;om;wkYd \
tmoDotrSef oabmxm; ajymMum;&eftwGuf jzpf\/
32/ tpD&ifcpH meHygwf (21) wGif 'kw,
d cseq
f ,fvma[mif;wkYdukd aumifp0D if &moufyefvBl uD;rsm; jzpfoifo
h nf[k
axmufcHcsufukd oabmrwl? if;trIxrf;ukd tjcm;enf;jzifh todrSwfjyKvkdu jyKEkdif\/
33/ wuov
dk af umifp\
D oufwrf;onf (3) ESpyf if jzpfoifo
h nf[k pmrsuEf mS eHygwf (22) wGif axmufccH suu
f dk
oabmwlygaMumif;? okdY&mwGif aG;aumufyGJrSm wBudrfwnf; jzpfapvkdaMumif;? Mum;aG;aumufyGJwGif
taG;cH&olonf umvtykdif;tjcm;twGufom aumifpDvlBuD;jzpfoifh okH;ESpfwBudrf aG;aumufyGJBuD;
SdapvkdaMumif;? uJhokdYjzpfvQif wuokdvfta&;ukd ykdrkd vltrsm; pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m jzpfygonf/
34/ omreftm;jzifh wuokdvfaumifpDonf wESpfvQif (2) Budrf pnf;a0;oifhyg tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;
ykYd &mum; (tpD&ifcpH m pmrsufEmS 23) wuov
dk t
f rIaqmiftzGUJ ? qD;edwt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ ESihf aumvdyt
f yk cf sKyf
a&;tzGJUwkdY\ rSwfwrf;wkdYukd tpnf;ta0;NyD;onfhaemuf (14) &uf twGif; (rSwfwrf; tykd'f-16
t&) aumifpDvlBuD;rsm;xHokdY ykdYoifhaMumif;? MumrSykdYvQif ta&;,l&ef cJ,Of;rnf jzpfojzifh aumifpDrSm
,ckuJhodkY 'kHY&if;jyefaeOD;rnf jzpfaMumif;/
35/ pmrsufESm (24) wGif aumifpDrSwifajrmufaom wuokdvftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifvlBuD; (7) OD; pvkH; tjyifrS
vlBuD;rsm; jzpfoifhaMumif;/
36/ ref;Oypmaumvdyu
f dk wuov
dk t
f rIaqmiftzGUJ okYd vTt
J yf&ef pmrsuEf mS (25) wGif jrbl;aumfrwD\ axmufcH
csufukd pOf;pm;&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf Oypmtwef;rsm;ukd ynmrif;BuD;u tkyfcsKyfoifh? rtkyfcsKyfoifhudk
vnf; pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;rdaomfvnf; tcsut
f vufpv
Hk ifpmG rod&dS ,wdjywf qk;H jzwfcsuf rusygaMumif;?
okYd&mwGif pmrsuEf mS (34) wGif jrbl;aumfrwDu Oypmausmif; (3-4) ausmif;cefY tjcm;NrdKUrsm;wGif (1-2) ESpf
twGi;f xm;&ef axmufccH sufudk uREkyf w
f Ydk txl;tm;ay;ygaMumif;? tu,f Oypmwef;rsm;onf wuov
dk f
ynma&; tqift
h wef;yif jzpfoifo
h nfqydk gvQif uREyfk w
f Ydk rSww
f rf;tyk'd f (17) wGif qkcd o
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ouf&oenf;udk pOf;pm;r& jzpfygaMumif;? tb,faMumifhqkdaomf pmrsufESm (26? 28) wGifum; tjcm;
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39/ pmrsufESm (26) jrbl;tpD&ifcHpmwGif wuokdvftufOya' yk'fr (21)? yk'fri,f (2) ukd jyif&ef axmufcH
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117
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41/ pmrsufESm (29) wGif yk'rf (23) t& wuov
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118

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kdufESdyf xkwfa0cJhonf/
13/ Auotoif;rS kdufESdyfxkwfa0cJhaom pmwrf;rsm;rSm(u) Auotoif;\ pnf;rsOf;Oya'
(c) rEav;uGefz&ifh\ qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;
(*) taqGjyefwrf;trSwf
(C) ausmif;om;rsm; Ekd;Mum;avmh (t*Fvdyfausmif;rsm;twGuf t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh kdufESdyfonf)
(i) wuokdvftufOya'jyifqifa&; tpD&ifcHpm
(p) 0w&m;trGef (OD;0dpm&aeYtwGuf)
(q) e,fcsJUpepfukd igwkdYtvkdrSd (Ekd0ifbm? 11 &uftwGuf)
120

(Z) e,fcsJJUpepfudk wkdufckdufMuukefthH ( wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf? 8 &uftwGuf)
(ps) igwdkY trsKd;om;0g' (trsKd;om;aeYtwGuf)
14/ 1297 ckEpS ?f waygif;vqef;? (5) &ufaeYwiG f 'kw,
d oydwMf uD;NyD;aemuf AuotzGUJ ESihf trsKd;om;wuov
dk f
ay:vmcJhonfhtwGuf xkdaeYukd txdrf;trSwfaeYtjzpf usif;ycJhonf/
(ps) wwd,tBurd f AuouGezf &ifh usi;f y&efjyifqifMujcif;

jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;\ wwd,uGefz&ifh (Auo) ykodrfNrdKU usif;y&ef pDpOfxm;onf/
Ou| ukdatmifqef;onf ykodrfNrdKUokdY oGm;a&muf pDpOfcJhonf/ atmufyg {nfhcHaumfrwDrsm;ukd zGJUpnf;xm;avonf/
tpnf;ta0;twGuf wm0efcHtrIaqmifrsm;
ukdatmifausmf
ukdatmifBudKif
ukdvSarmif
ukdcifndK
em,u
aiGxdef;
tusKd;aqmifpmcsD
taxGaxGtusKd;aqmifpmcsD
taxGaxGXme
ukdatmifausmf
ukdarmifwif
ukdvSarmif
ukdatmifMudKif
ukdjrpdef
ukdcifndK
ukd[efaT
rcifGefY
ukdMuD;armif
ukdbodef;
ukdcsKdvSatmif
{nfUcHa&;Xme
tauR;tarG;Xme
ukdausmfodef;
ukdarmifoGif
ukdat;armif
ukdxGef;xGef;
ukdoef;armif
ukdarmifarmif
ukdxifausmf
ukdausmf0if;
ukdjrifhpkd;
aMujimXme
rdef;uav;rsm; {nfcHXme
rcifGefY
rcifoef;
rcifapmEk
rwif{
rvSjrifh
rwifwif
rGefYGefYoef;
rMunfMunf
rjrMunf
roef;pdef
roef;oef;
rcif&D
q&m0ef OD;0ef
q&m0ef em,m;
usef;rma&;Xme
q&m0efOD;bcsdK
uGezf &ifu
h sif;yjcif;onf Armjynf te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS ausmif;om;rsm; wOD;ESifh wOD; &if;ES;D apjcif;? awGUqkH
&mvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;ta&;? qif;&Jom;rsm;ta&;? wkdif;jynfta&;? urmMuD;\ta&; ponfhjyemrsm;ukd
bGif;bGif;BuD; aqG;aEG;&jcif;? NyD;cJhonf vkyfief;rsm;udk okH;oyfqifjcifNyD; oumv aSUtzkdY rnfonfhtvkkyfrsm;
vkyfaqmifrnf[k t"d|mefcsjcif;? vkyfief;tpDtpOf useaocsmjcif; ponfwkdYonf Auotoif;BuD;\ vkyfief;rsm;
jzpfonf/ uGezf &ifah tmifjrifrrI mS e,ftoD;oD;? NrdKUtoD;oD;rS ausmif;om;rsm;\ uk,
d pf m;vS,f rsuEf mS pkn
H w
D ufa&muf
121
jcif; tay:wnf&m ,ckusif;yrnfh ykodrfuGefz&ifhokdY NrdKUwkdif;? e,fwkdif;rS ausmif;om;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&muf
apoif\
h / jrefrmjynf NrdKUe,ftoD;oD;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; or*rsm; wnfaxmifa&;? jrefrmEkid if t
H 0Sr;f Sd ausmif;om;
rsm;tm;vkH; waygif;wpnf;wnf; jzpfEkdif&ef usif;yrnfh ykodrfuGefz&ifhwGif ausmif;om;pkHnDpGm wufa&mufap&ef
vIYHaqmfay;jcif; ponfwkdYtwGuf AuotvkyftrIaqmifrsm;ukd vlpkcGJ jrefrmjynftESYH apvTwfxm;onf/ NrdKUe,f
ausmif;om;or* rwnfaxmif&ao;aom NrdKUe,frsm;wGif tjrefraES; or*toif;rsm; wnfaxmifcg ykodrfuGefz&ifh
wufa&muf&ef udpudk zdwfMum;cJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; uGefz&ifhwGif bmawGajymrnf? bmawGvkyfrnf?
bmukad wmif;rnf ponfwYdkukd wifMudKpDrH xm;&rnfjzpfonf/ ykord u
f eG zf &ifEh iS hf yl;wG
J aEG&moDpcef;rsm;ESihf jrefrmEkid if H
vkH;qkdif&m tar;yGJrsm;ukd usif;yvdrfhrnf/
aEG&moDpcef;rsm; usif;y&jcif;rSm
1/ ArmjynfSd t&yf&yfausmif;om;rsm;onf wa,mufESifhwa,muf ykdrkd&if;ESD; wkd;wufaumif;rGefpGm
qufqH&ef?
2/ jrefrmjynfSd te,fe,fwkdY\ xl;axGaom taMumif;rsm;ukd ykdrkdodSdem;vnfEkdif&ef?
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;\EkdifiHa&; rsufpdtjrifus,fap&ef?
4/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh awmGmae aoG;&if;om;&if;rsm;jzpfaom trsKd;om;wkdY ykdrkd&if;ESD;ap&ef?
5/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf qif;&Jom;ypnf;rJhrsm;ESifh waoG;wpdwfwnf;SdaMumif;? if;wkdYESifh yl;aygif;
vGwfvyfa&;twGuf wkdufckdufrnfjzpfaMumif;udk jyo&ef?
-ponf&h nf,
G cf sufrsm; ygSo
d nf/ aEG&moDpcef; atmifjrifap&eftwGuf tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ 0if ukAd [de;f
tm; wm0efvTJtyfxm;avonf/
(n) Auo wwd,uGezf &ifo

h Ydk zdwMf um;olrsm;pm&if;
1/ ukdazoef;
2/ ukdaiGvkH
3/ ukdbapm
4/ ukdGefYodef;
5/ udkarmifarmif
6/ ukduvufoef;
7/ ukdvIdifOD;
8/ ukdvSarmif
9/ ukdom0if
10/ ukdcifndK
11/ ukdxGef;vIdif
12/ ukdausmf0if;
13/ ukdwifatmif
14/ ukdvSaz
15/ ukdaomif;pdef
16/ ukdvSat;
17/ ukdat;az
18/ ukdjrEkdif
19/ ukdcifjrifh
20/ ukdjrarmif
21/ ukdbkef;a<u
22/ ukdarmifMunf
23/ ukdbarmif
122
pvif;NrdKU
a&eHacsmif;NrdKU
[oFmwNrdKU
rif;bl;NrdKU
taemufMudKUukef;? tif;pdef
rif;bl;
[oFmwNrdKU
[oFmwNrdKU
&efukefNrdKU? tif;vsm;vrf;
rEav;NrdKU
rif;vSNrdKU
rEav;NrdKU
Akdvfuav;NrdKU
Akdvfuav;NrdKU
&efukefNrdKU
Akdvfuav;NrdKU
ompnfNrdKU
vufyHwef;NrdKU
yef;waemfNrdKU
rEav;NrdKU
pOfhukdifNrdKU
rEav;NrdKU
MudKUyifaumufNrdKU

24/ ukdusifarmif
25/ ukdwifSdef
26/ ukdtkef;armif
27/ ukdvSjrifh
28/ ukdwifhaqG
29/ ukdusifarmif
30/ ukdarmifarmifav; (1)
31/ ukdomxGef;pdef
32/ ukdazoef;
33/ ukdarmifyg
34/ ukdodef;xGef;
35/ ukdbokduf
36/ ukdarmifaxG;
37/ ukdarmifukd
38/ ukd{ukd
39/ ukdarmifarmif (1)
40/ ukdatmifMudKif
41/ ukdpHaT
42/ ukdcspfukdvS
43/ ukdwifOD;
44/ ukdxkdufpH
45/ ukdarmifarmif
46/ ukdarmifapmjrtkH;
47/ ukdvSaomif;
48/ Swans Business College
49/ A.T Mc Oreath
50/ E.G Ruller BSQ
51/ jrefrmhtvif;
52/ The Efficiency Press
53/ ol&d, (Sun Press Ltd.,)
54/ e*g;eD Ltd.,
55/ jrefrmjynf pmtkyfjzefYcsda&;Xme
56/ ukdvSarmif
57/ ukdjrpdef
58/ ukdpdefaomif;
59/ ukdwifat;
60/ ukdodef;armif
61/ udktpk
62/ ukdzkd;tkef;
63/ ukdoef;armif
64/ ukd[efwif
65/ ukdatmifMuD;
66/ ukdat;Munf
67/ ukdbcspf
68/ ukdausmf0if;
oxkHNrdKU
ysOf;rem;NrdKU
aygif;wnfNrdKU
armfvNrdKifNrdKU
rkHGmNrdKU
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jynfNrdKU
ppfawGNrdKU
pvnf;? rif;bl;NrdKU
oxkHNrdKU
oxkHNrdKU
ppfukdif;NrdKU
yckuLNrdKU
yckuLNrdKU
om,m0wDNrdKU
jrif;jcHNrdKU
ykodrfNrdKU
ppfawGNrdKU
a&ausmf? &efukefNrdKU
rauG;NrdKU
vufyHwef;NrdKU
yckuLNrdKU
oxkH'DpBwdwf
0g;c,frNrdKU
&efukefNrdKU
yef;qkd;wef;
&efukefNrdKU
&efukefNrdKU
&efukefNrdKU
&efukefNrdKU
&efukefNrdKU
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ykodrfNrdKU
ykodrfNrdKU
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MudKUyifaumuf
ppfawGNrdKU
aygif;wnfNrdKU
ykodrfNrdKU
pvif;NrdKU
&efukefNrdKU
BuKdUyifaumufNrdKU
Munfhjrifwkdif
123
69/ Mr. tDA&m[if
70/ ukdtifvkdif;
71/ ukdatmifBuD;
72/ ukdxGef;wif
73/ q&mqkd;
74/ ukdoef;Sdef
75/ ukdaua,mfpdef
76/ ukdxGef;armif
77/ ukdpHwif
78/ ukdazwif
79/ ukdatmifwif
80/ ukdb
81/ ukdwifaT
82/ ukdarmif0g
83/ ukdukdMuD;
84/ ukdwkd;,SOf
85/ ukdaomif;pdef
86/ ukdbaumif;
87/ ukdEkdifarmif
88/ ukdjroef;
89/ ukdbarmif
90/ ukdapm
91/ ukdukdMuD;
92/ ukdarmifnGefY
93/ ukdarmifarmif
94/ ocifwifjrifh
95/ ukdcspfjzL
96/ ukdba*;vf
97/ ukdtkef;jrifh
98/ ukdarmifarmifpdef
99/ ukdarmifpdef
100/ ukdvSMudKif
101/ ukdatmifaz
102/ ukdarmifarmifvGif
103/ ukdbabmf
104/ ukdEkdifarmif
xm;0,fNrdKU
aygif;wnfNrdKU
aygif;wnfNrdKU
&efukefNrdKU (wkd;wufa&;owif;pm t,f'Dwm)
iokdif;acsmif;NrdKU
ZD;ukef;NrdKU
a&eHacsmif;NrdKU
tif;pdef
zsmykHNrdKU
bkduav;NrdKU
rvIdifNrdKU
MudKUyifaumufNrdKU
rkHGmNrdKU
a&eHacsmif;NrdKU
rEav;NrdKU (pDeD,m ISC ref;Oypmaumvdyf)
rEav;NrdKU
MudKUyifaumufNrdKU
ausmufjzLNrdKU
yif;,aqmif? &efukefNrdKU
zsmykHNrdKU
a&eHacsmif;NrdKU
tvkH
rEav;NrdKU
a&eHacsmif;NrdKU
&efukefNrdKU
a&eHacsmif;NrdKU
aTbkdNrdKU
ausmif;ukef;NrdKU
&efukefNrdKU
rkHGmNrdKU
jynfNrdKU
Aef;armfNrdKU
[omFwNrdKU
armfvNrdKifNrdKU
aysmfbG,fNrdKU
usKHrai;NrdKU
(#) wwd,tBurd f AuonDvmcHusi;f yjcif; jrifuiG ;f ({NyD 24-25? 1938)

tpnf;ta0;pwifjyKvkyfonfh {NyDv (24) &uf? reuf (8) em&DwGif ausmif;0if;twGif; jrefrmpmoif
ausmif;q&mrsm;\ tpnf;ta0;BuD;uJhokdY yifeDtus0wfqifxm;aom ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;ukd awGU&onf/
(9) em&DwGif tpnf;ta0; paomtcg trsKd;om;ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;aumfrwDrS vlBuD;rsm;ESifh NrdKUay:rS {nfhonfrsm;rS
wyg; a,mufsm;? rde;f r? vlMuD;vli,ftm;vk;H yifet
D us0 wfqifxm;Muonf/ vma&mufowif;,laom pkaH xmufzufrS
(2-3) OD;vnf; yifeDtus0wfqifxm;Muonf/
ausmif;BuD;qif0ifatmufrS pnfawmfBuD;wD;aom (9) em&D? (15) rdepfwGif {nfhcHaumfrwDOu| ukdvSarmif
124

onf aSUaqmif q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;? Ou| ukdatmifqef;? toif;tvkyftrIaqmifrsm;? pma&;rsm; pifjrifh
ay:okdY wufa&mufvmMuonf/ aygif;wnfNrdKUrS ukdzkd;tkef;u xkdifNyD; tm;vkH;rwfwyf&yf wkdYArmoDcsif;udk pdwftm;
xufoefpGm oDqkdMuonf/ ausmif;BuD;wckvHk; [def;oGm;onfhtjyif MuufoD;arG;nif;xrcef; jzpfoGm;Muonf/
oDcsif;qkdNyD;aemuf ukdvSarmifu ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; EIwfquf yg0ifulnDoltm;vkH;tm; aus;Zl;wif
pum; ajymMum;NyD;vQif tvkyt
f rIaqmifaumfrwDu toif; (Auo) \ Ou|tjzpf xyfraH G;aumufNyD;jzpfaom ukad tmif
qef;tm; em,utjzpf aqmifu
G &f ef ajymMum;&m ukad tmifqef;onf em,uae&m ,lNyD;vQif q&mBuD;ocifu,
dk af wmfridI ;f
tm; tpnf;ta0; zGiv
hf pS af y;&ef awmif;yefavonf/ q&mBuD;ocifu,
dk af wmfridI ;f tzGit
hf rSmpum; ajymMum;avonf/
xkdYaemuf em,u ukdatmifqef;u (25) rsufESmSd rdefYcGef;ukd zwfMum;NyD; ta&;BuD;aom tcsuftvuf
rsm;ukd xkwfEkwfSif;jy&m ausmif;BuD; [def;oGm;atmifyif Mobmay;Muonf/ xkdYaemuf em,utoif;BuD;\ tvkyf
trIaqmifvlBuD; wOD;jzpfol &efukefNrdKUr ausmif;om;a[mif; ukdoef;wif uG,fvGefojzifh 0rf;enf;tqkd wifoGif;&m
y&dowftm;vkH; (2) rdepf rwfwyf&yf 0rf;enf;aMumif; jyoMuonf/ xkdaemuf tpnf;ta0;ukd acw &yfem;onf/
aeYvnfyidk ;f tpnf;ta0; jyefvnfpwifaomtcg toif;csKyf 'k-Ou| ukv
d aS Tu toif;ESpyf wfvnf tpD&ifcpH m
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vk;H qkid &f m uGeu
f &uftoif;BuD;wGif bkt
H ,l0g' BudKufaomtzGUJ ESihf jyifopfjynf? yg&DNrdKUSd urmvk;H qkid &f mausmif;om;
rsm;toif;csKyf tpnf;ta0;MuD; atmifjrifygap[laom qkawmif;aom pm (3) apmif zwfjyNyD;vQif em,u ukad tmifqef;
u jrefrmjynf ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS ay;ykYdaompmrsm; rsm;jym;vGe;f vS rzwfEidk af Mumif; ajymqkNd yD;vQi?f &efuek w
f uov
dk f
tufOya'Murf;ukd ,cktxd tpkd;&wkdYu bmrQrvkyfao;ojzifh ausmif;om;rsm; vkdvm;aom awmif;qkdcsuft&
pDraH qmifu
G f ray;vQif xkt
d csurf sm; r&rae tjyif;txef aqmifu
G &f ef tqku
d dk ukad usmjf rifh (bDat) u wifoiG ;f NyD;?
ukdxGef;wifu axmufcHonf/
xkdYaemuf ajrmif;jrNrdKUrS wuokdvfausmif;om; ukdjrSdefu tpkd;&u vkyfray;vQif b,fvdkaqmifGufrnfukd
twdtvif; xkwfazmfajym&rnf/ aS;u oydwfarSmufcJh&m bmrS tusKd;rSdjzpfonf[k ajymqkd&m ref;Oypmaumvdyf
ausmif;om; ukdwkd;&ifu rdrdtMuHtpnfrsm; xkwfazmf rajymqkdoifh[k ajymqkdonf/ aemufqkH; em,u ukdatmifqef;
u rdrw
d Ykd oydwaf rSmufwidk ;f vk;H 0 ratmifjrifaomfvnf; rdrw
d Ykd vkv
d m;csuf trsm;tm;jzif&h aMumif;? 1936 oydww
f iG f
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qkwcf ahJ Mumif;? ,ckrrd w
d Ykd cGet
f m;Sv
d mNyD jzpfaMumif;? ,ckaSUESpw
f iG f rdrOd u|tjzpf aqmifu
G &f rnf/ okYd aqmifu
G f
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xkNyD; atmf[pfajymqkdvu
dk &f m ausmif;BuD;wckv;Hk ? MobmoH? vufcyk o
f rH sm; qlno
H mG ;onf/ eHygwf (3) tqku
d dk ukad tmif
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d aS Tu em,utjzpf aqmifu
G o
f nf/ ukad tmifqef;u Oya' jyifqifcsurf sm;
wckNyD; wck tus,w
f 0ifh Si;f vif;NyD; tqkw
d ifoiG ;f &m? ukx
d eG ;f wifu axmufcNH yD; em,uu tqku
d dk oabmwlMu
ygovm;[k ar;jref;&m ausmif;om;rsm;u oabmwlygonf[k atmf[pfajymqko
d jzifh em,uu xkt
d qku
d dk twnfjyKygNy[
D k
ajymaepOf ajrmif;jrNrdKUrS wuov
dk af usmif;om; ukjd rSed u
f xvmNyD; uefYuu
G v
f o
dk nf [k ajymonf/ xkt
d cg em,uu
twnfjyKNy;D aMumif;? ruefYuu
G Ef idk af wmh[k ajym&m ukjd rSed o
f nf a'goESihf pifjrifah y:rS qif; tcef;jyifoYdk xGuo
f mG ;aMumif;?
odYkaomf ocifjrbl;u ac:,lxm;avonf/ xkt
d cg ukad tmifqef;u tqku
d dk uefYuu
G &f ef S?d rSd ar;jref;&ef vko
d mG ;aMumif;
aMunmNyD;ojzifh pnf;urf;t& aemufxyf ajymqkEd idk cf iG hf rjyKaMumif; ajymqk
d tqku
d dk twnfjyKavonf/
eHygwf (4) tqkdudk wuokdvfausmif;om; ukdA[def;u a&eHajrtvkyform;rsm; cHpm;aeMu&aom 'kursm;
Mum;&olrsm; rsuf&nfusavmufatmifyif tus,fw0ifah jymqkNd yD; tqkw
d ifoiG ;f &m aygif;wnf ukzd ;dk tke;f u axmufcH
onf/ xkdtqkdukd uefYuGuf&ef jyifqif&ef Sd? rSd ar;jref;&m jyifqifvkdolSdojzifh tcsdefrSm nae (4) em&D xkd;aeNyD
jzpf (25) &ufaeYrSom qufvuf pOf;pm;&ef ajymqkdNyD; tpnf;ta0; tpDtpOf yxraeY &yfqkdif;vkdufonf/
'kwd,aeY 25? 4? 1938 eHeuf (9) em&DwGif tpnf;ta0; qufvufjyKvkyfMu&m eHygwf (4) tqkdudk
wcgwnf; twnfjyKvkyfMuonff/
eHygwf (5) tqku
d dk BudKUyifaumuf uko
d ef;pdeu
f wifoiG ;f ? ZD;uke;f ukx
d eG ;f Sed u
f axmufco
H nf/ if;tqkd
rSm ausmif;om;pmtkyf aG;cs,af &;tzGUJ wGif ausmif;om;uk,
d pf m;vS,f ygSad p&efjzpfonf/ tcsKdUu jyifqifcsuf wifoiG ;f
aomfvnf; jyifqifcsufrSm (24) rJ? (38) rJjzifh IH;oGm;onf/ xkdaemuf NrdKUrausmif; ukdarmifarmifu ausmif;okH;pmtkyf
aG;cs,af &;tzGUJ wGif toif;csKyf\ trIaqmiftzGUJ rS uk,
d pf m;vS,f yg0ifap&ef[al om pum;udk tqkw
d iG f jznfph u
G v
f suf
xkdtqkdukd twnfjyKMuavonf/
125
eHygwf (6) tqku
d dk a'gifMh u;D ukad zoifu wifoiG ;f ? rvIid f udak tmifwifu axmufco
H nf/ wuov
dk af usmif;om;
ukb
d av;u jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f (tcvGw)f rlvwef; ynmroifrae&[k jznfph u
G jf yifqifvsuf twnfjyKonf/
eHygwf (7) tqkdukd rkHGm ukdwifaqGu wifoGif;&m Oyrm Oyar,sjzifh wefqmqifvsuf rSwfom;zG,f&m
pum;rsm;jzifh ajymqkdaomfvnf; rdrdrauseyfaom tcsuftwGuf a'gopum;av;rsm;ygojzifh em,u ukdatmifqef;
u cPcP owday;&onf/ xdt
k qku
d dk a&eHacsmif; ukad usmpf ed u
f vnf; pum;ajymaumif;aumif;ESihf axmufccH o
hJ nf/
tqkdSifu if;tqkdudk raxmufcHvQif trsKd;ESifhpmukd rcspf&musrnf[k ajymoGm;ojzifh rvIdif ukdatmifwifu uefY
uGufaMumif; trsm;yif 0ifa&mufajymqkdNyD;aemuf rJ,laomtcg (4) rJ? (7) rJESifh y,fvkdufonf/
eHygwf (8) tqkdukd &ckdifjynfu ukdbMudKifu wifoGif; udkpH&ifu axmufcH&m jyifqifjznfhpGuf&ef t
rsm;yif 0ifa&mufajymqkdMuaomfvnf; tqkH; rlvtqkdtwkdif; twnfjyKonf/
eHygwf (9) tqkdukd a&eHacsmif; ukdGefYu tqkdwifoGif;? a&eHacsmif; ukdausmfpdefu axmufcHavonf/
ukdGefYrSm vlyifi,faomfvnf; tajymtqkd vGwfvyfyDojcif;? pum;tokH;tEIef; ,Ofaus;jcif;? a&eHacsmif;tpkd;&
ausmif;q&mMuD; OD;[kwv
f idI f ajymqkv
d yk u
f idk cf suw
f YdkrmS anmifO;D u urf;NydKum prmem*ku
d EGm;aysmufwmeJY bmqkid v
f YdkvJ
qkdaom pum;ykHrsm; xnfhoGif;NyD; ajymqkdoGm;onfrSm csD;rGrf;zG,faumif;onf/ xkdYaemuf ausmif;om;ukd,fpm;vS,f
wOD;u a&eHacsmif;tpkd;& ausmif;q&mMuD; OD;[kwfvdIifonf xkdausmif;? ausmif;om;or*toif;ESifh ywfouf
ajymqkdvkyfukdifjyKrlcsufrSm tvGefpufqkwfzG,f jzpfojzifh tm;vkH;y&dwfowfrsm; rwfwwf&yf SufzG,f (3) Budrf
atmfNyD; xkdtqkdukd twnfjyK&ef awmif;yefonfhtwkdif; jyKvkyfNyD; reufykdif; tpDtpOf &yfem;avonf/
aeYvnf (1) em&D qufvufusif;y&m eHygwf (10) tqkdonf 'kwd, ta&;BuD;qkH; tqkd ]ausmif;om;rsm;
Ekid if aH &; 0ifvyk cf iG }Uf jzpfonft
h wkid ;f &efuek w
f uov
dk f ukAd [de;f ESihf rEav;Oypmaumvdyf ukw
d ;dk &ifwYdk u tus,fw0Hh
ajymqkNd yD; wifoiG ;f axmufcaH Mumif; ajymNyD;aomtcg? ajrmif;jr ukjd rSed u
f ausmif;om;rsm; Ekid if aH &;wGif 0ifa&muf vkyu
f idk f
cGifh rjyKxkdufqkdNyD; xkdtqkdukd uefYuGufaMumif;ajym&m em,u ukad tmifqef;u xkt
d qku
d dk oabmwlorl sm;u ]tkid ;f }
[k ajymMu&ef ajymqko
d jzifh y&dowftm;vk;H avmufyif tkid ;f [k atmf ukad tmifqef;u oabmrwlorl sm; ]Ek;d } [k ajym
Mu&ef ajymaomtcg (2) a,mufom atmfonf/ xkt
d cg em,uu tqku
d dk twnfjyKaMumif; aMujimvku
d o
f nfEiS hf
wNydKifeuf tm;vk;H atmf[pfNyD; Mobmay;vsuf uefUuGuo
f t
l m; rsKd;zsu[
f k atmfMuaMumif;/ ukad tmifqef;u uJhokdY
epfematmif rajymqkdxkdufaMumif; ajymqkdNyD;vsif toif;Ou|a[mif; ukd&mSpfu t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh tvGefrSwfom;
em,lzG,faumif;aom qkH;rpum;rsm;ESifh jrpfBuD;em;wGif rdru
d ,
dk af wGU tpkd;&u tvGefMuyfwnf;aom Oya'rsm;jzifh
tmPmSifozG,f tkyfcsKyfykHukd (1) em&DcefY ajymqkdoGm;onf/
NyD;aomtcg em,u ukdatmifqef;\ awmif;yefcsuft& q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;u tav;ryGJwGif
tEkdif&olrsm;ukd qkcsD;jrifhonf/ 1939 ck pwkwtBudrf Auo tpnf;ta0;udk armfvNrdKifNrdKU ausmif;om;or*
Ou| ukdarmifarmifvGifu armfvNrdKifNrdKUwGif jyKvkyf&ef zdwfac:onfhtwkdif; Ou| ukdatmifqef;u 0rf;ajrmuf
aus;Zl;wifpGm vufcHNyD;vsif em,u\ tqkH;owf rdefYcGef;ukd jrGufMum;vsuf? tpnf;a0;BuD;ukd wkdYArmoDcsif;qkdNyD;
kwfodrf;vkdufonf/
25? 4? 1938 ae nwGif ausmif;om; (70) cefYonf [kdif;MuD;oabFmwGif qif;tdyfNyD; 26? 4? 1938
eHeuf (6) em&DcGJwGif aEG&moDpcef; armfwifpGef;okdY xGufoGm;Muonf/
(X) 1938-39 AuoESihf wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ

All Burma Student's Union (Auo)
1/ ukdatmifqef;
2/ ukdA[def;
3/ ukdpkd;armif
4/ ukdvSaT
5/ ukdMunfarmif
6/ ukdbpH
7/ ukdausmfjrifh
8/ ukdjrpdef
126
Ou|
twGif;a&;rSL;
aiGxdef;
trIaqmif
trIaqmif
trIaqmif
trIaqmif
trIaqmif

9/ ukdcspfat;
10/ ukdarmifarmif
trIaqmif
trIaqmif
( All Nationalist Members of the House of Representative and of the Senate 12, September 1938)
wuo (Rangoon University Students' Union)
1/ ukdatmifqef;
2/ ukdvSaT
3/ ukdA[def;
4/ ukdodef;atmif
5/ ukdapmpHau;
6/ ukdatmifwkd;
7/ ukdboef;
8/ ukdxGef;Sdef
9/ ukdat;ausmf
10/ ukdMunfarmif
11/ ukdaomif;cif
Ou|
'k-Ou|
twGif;a&;rSL;
aiGxdef;
t,f'Dwm (tkd;a0)
(Business Manager)
pmMunfhwkdufrSL;
(Executive Committee member)

(All National members of the House of Representative and of the sentate)
(!) ykodrfuGefz&ifhrS aEG&moDpcef;

1938 ck? ykord Nf rdKUwGif usi;f yaom wwd,tBudraf jrmuf ausmif;om;rsm;uGezf &ifo
h nf ausmif;om;or*EiS hf
wkYd Armtpnf;tk;H wkYd ajymifajymifwif;wif; wGrJ Md uNyDjzpfonf/ wESpx
f uf wESpf tm;aumif;vmNyD; ykord u
f eG zf &ifw
h iG f
NrdKUe,frsm; ykdpkHvmonf/ ukd,fpm;vS,f OD;a&vnf; ykdrsm;vmonf/ uGefz&ifhtNyD; ykodrfNrdKUrS armfawmf,mOfjzifh
armfwifpGef; aEG&moDpcef; zGifhvSpfcJhonf/ aEG&moDpcef;onf uGefz&ifhtNyD; yifyef;orQ tem;,ltyef;ajz&ef
twGu[
f k wcsKdUuxifMuonf/ trSerf mS uGezf &ifq
h ;Hk jzwfcsufrsm;ESihf aSUvkyif ef;wm0efrsm;ukd tao;pdwf aqG;aEG;NyD;
e,fausmif;om;uk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm; wm0efc&JG ef jzpfonf/ aEG&moDpcef;zGiv
hf pS jf cif;twGuf {nfch aH umfrwDOu| ukjd rpdef
(Auo twGif;a&;rSL;) ESifh ukdodef;aqG (aemifAdkvfodef;aqG) tygt0if 0kdif;awmfom;rsm; BudKwifjyifqifNyD; wufnD
vufnD tuGufaph? axmifhaph vufawGUvkyfukdifMu uGefz&ifhaEG&moDpcef;rSm atmifjrifcJh&avonf/
xku
d eG zf &if\
h xl;jcm;csufrmS q&mBuD;ocifu,
dk af wmfridI ;f ukd ukad tmifqef;? ukAd [de;f ESihf ocifoef;xGe;f wkYd
zdwMf um;awmif;yef q&muvnf; wufcsi?f [kEd idk if aH &;acgif;aqmifqw
dk hJ acG;rom;awG[m wkid ;f jynftwGuf rvkyb
f J
ukd,fom;r,m; twGufyJ vkyfaeMuwm ausmif;om;awGeJYrS jzpfrSmyJvkdY q&mMuD;u rzdwfbJESifhukd xkduGefz&ifhukd
wufa&mufcsif aeonf/ ocifoef;xGef; ygvmcJhonf/
armfwifpGef;? {NyD (27) &uf? reufykdif;wGif rlvtpDtpOftwkdif; yifv,furf;pyfwGif ausmif;om;tm;vkH;
pkkH;NyD; ukdaZmf0dwf? ukdarmifarmifvGif vkyfjyonfhtwkdif; avusifhcef; vkyfMuonf/ 'Dvkdavhusifhcef;vkyfjyjcif;onf
if;wkdUNrdKUe,ftoD;oD; jyefa&mufaomtcg wqifhjyefvnf oifMum;ykdYcs acgif;aqmifEkdif&efjzpfonf/ vGwfvyfa&;
wkdufyGJ0ifaomtcg ukd,fum,tm;jzifha&m pdwf"gwftm;jzifhyg pnf;vkH;nDGwfrI toifhjzpfae&ef BudKwifjyifqif
&nfrSef;csufESifh vkyfjcif;jzpfonf/ tanmif;ajy? tnmajy? kd;kd;usef;rm&eftwGuf r[kwfay/
wcsKdUtpkuav;rsm; teD;tem; ywf0ef;usif vrf;avQmufMuaomtcgwGif ukdatmifqef;? ukdA[def;?
udkjrpdef? ukdvSaT? ukdoef;xGef;? udkat;ausmf? ukdboef;? ukdMunfarmifESifh ukdausmf&ifwkdY (1937-38? 1938-39
AuoESifh wuo) xJu trIaqmifawG[m tvkyf pMu&onf/ rlvuwnf;u pnf;0g;kdufxm;onfh twkdif;
uk,
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h ;Hk jzwfcsurf sm;
taumiftxnfazmf&ef tao;pdwf ndEIdif;wifjy tMuHOmPf,lMuonf/ NrdKUe,ftvkduf oD;jcm;jyemrsm;ukd wifjy
aqG;aEG;NyD; tajzSmMuonf/ wcsKdUonf ocifukd,fawmfrIdif; tem;wGif Mo0g'ESifh ykHjyifrsm; em;axmifMuonf/
q&mBuD;u t&ifEkdifiHa&; tzGJUtpnf;awG? acgif;aqmifawGudk r,kHzkdY ? b,fenf;b,fykH ukd,fusKd;Smum wpfwpfcGcG
ajymNyD;? &efolukdvnf; txifrao;zdkY owd0D&d,SdzkYd owday;onf/
ukdatmifqef;? ukdA[def;ESifh ukdoef;xGef;wkdYonf olwkdY rsufpdusaom e,facgif;aqmif vufaG;pifrsm;ukd
127
wa,mufcsi;f ? ESpaf ,mufcsi;f usdwv
f yk Mf uonf/ uk,
d Nf rdKUe,frmS b,fyb
Hk ,fenf; vkyu
f idk &f rnf/ b,focif acgif;aqmif
ESihf twGi;f usus wkid yf ifnEd idI ;f &rnf/ b,ftvkyo
f rm;? v,form;acgif;aqmifEiS hf qufo,
G &f ef? &efuek Ef iS hf tquf
toG,f rjywf&ef tao;pdwf aqG;aEG;tMuHay;Muonf/
nae xrif;pm;NyD;csdef ukdaZmf0dwfonf udkatmifqef;? ukdA[def;? ukdoef;xGef;ESifh ukdtkef;jrifhwkdY tpkav;
xJvmNyD; reufu ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;woku
d Ef iS hf aiGawmifomG ;&if;? xD;csKdihf mG uav; a&mufcyhJ ?Hk &ckid f mG jzpfayr,fh
ausmif;xkdif q&mawmfrSm Armbkef;BuD;? GmolGmom;awG[m A[kokwenf;yg;vSwJh twGuf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif
rsm;vmNyD; A[kokw jzefYay;&ef? wkdif;jynfrSm jzpfysufwmawG ajymjy&ef zdwfMum;wJhtaMumif;? tjcm;teD;tem;
GmawGu vlawGukdyg zdwfxm;rnfhtaMumif; ajymonf/ csufcsif; ukkdatmifqef;u ]]ukdaZmf0dwfa& wjcm;b,folrS
todray;eJY? reufav;em&D xGuMf u&atmif? wvrf;vk;H uyfygvmwJh CID awG rsufcsnfjzwf xm;&r,f? pdwf v
dS ufdS
a[mcsifwmawG a[m&atmifav/}}
(!-1) ZD;csKdifhc&D;
ZD;csKdifhukd 1938 ck? {NyDv 28 &uf? reuf (4) em&DwGif xGufcJhMuonf/ ZD;csKdifha&mufaomtcg q&mawmf
bkef;MuD;auR;aom tpmrsm;pm;NyD; w&m;yGJ pMuonf/ w&m;yGJukd ukdaZmf0dwf um,AvESifh pzGifhonf/ xkdaemuf
ukAd [de;f u ausmif;om;rdbrsm;jzpfaom a&eHajrtvkyo
f rm;rsm;taMumif;? ausmif;om;? tvkyo
f rm;wGNJ yD; vGwv
f yf
a&; wkduf,l&r,f/ xkdaemuf ocifoef;xGef;u q&mpHolykeftaMumif;? v,form;awGb0ESifh ausmif;om; tvkyfo
rm;vufwGJNyD; vGwfvyfa&; wkduf,l&r,f[k wkdwkdSif;Sif;ajymonf/
ukdatmifqef;u ausmif;om;? tvkkyform;? v,form;ESifh &ckdif? u&if? Srf;? csif;? ucsifESifh u&ifeDpwJh
vlrsKd;pk trsKd;om;tm;vkH; vufwGJNyD; vGwfvyfa&;ukd wkduf,l&r,f? awmif;,lvkdY r&bl;? vufeufukdifNyD; olykefxrS
vGwfvyfa&; &r,f? olykefx&r,fvdkY vufoD; vufarmif;wef;NyD; olykefolykef xxvkdY yxr wdkifay;vkdufw,f/
q&mawmf OD;omoeu atmfMu? atmfMuvkdY ajymawmh GmolGmom;awG 0kdif;atmfMuonf/ ausmif;om;tG,f OD;
a& okH;ykH? wykHavmuf Sdrnfjzpfonf/ if;ukd Munfhjcif;jzifh ukdatmifqef;onf vufeufukdifwkdufyGJESifh vGwfvyfa&;
&,l&ef yxrqkH; ajAmifa[majymcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ vGwfvyfa&;wkduf,l&ef MuHpnfxm;onfrSm xifSm;vSonf/
xkdYaemuf q&mawmfodcsifaom jynfru EkdifiHa&;tajctae? wkdYArmtpnf;tkH;ESifh ausmif;om; vIyfSm;rI
rsm;tm; Sif;jycJhonf/ armfwifpGef; jyefa&mufawmh pDtkdif'DawG ukdatmifqef;wkdY aysmufoGm; ausmif;om;rsm;udk
a&GwfMudrf;armif; vkyfonfukd od&aomtcg udkatmifqef; tm;yg;w& &,fcJhonf/
() wwd,tMudrf ykodrfuGefz&ifhwGif Ou| ukdatmifqef; ajymMum;aom tzGifhrdefYcGef;

tcsif;&JabmfwkdhESSpfESpfwdwd igwkdY cJ,Of;NidKjiifpGm vkyfukdifNyD;onfhaemuf wwd,tBudrfajrmuf igwkdY ,ck awGUMu&jyefNyD/
tcsif;t&monfum; Armjynfvil ,frsm;\ &mZ0ifwiG f tNydKifrSd jzpfawmhonf/ ,cknv
D mcHobif te,fe,frS
igwkdY\ &Jabmfa[mif; &Jabmfopf taygif;wkdYonf vmwufMuukef\/ okdY igwkdYnDvmcH obiftcgwGif aS;a[mif;
aESmif;jzpfukd igwdkYawG;vkdMupjrJjzpfay\/ okdY&mwGif igwkdY\ aS;a[mif;rSwfwrf;wkdYum; igwkdYtwGuf taumif;csnf;
rSwfcsuf- ociftkef;jrifh (aevif;- vlSifocsKif;rsm;taMumif;)? OD;ausmf&if (taygif;toif;a&mif;&if;wdkY\ausmf&if)
128
Source: Memories of Kyaw Yin
Source: File Photo
udak tmifqef;wdEhk iS t
Uf wl ykord cf &D;vdu
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(0Jr,
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oHwJGZmwd? &cdkiftrsKd;om;jzpfonf/ 1936 wGif &efukef
wuov
kd o
f Ykd a&mufo
dS nf/ wuo? Auo trIaqmif
wOD;jzpfco
hJ nf/ *syefawmfveS af &;wGif yg0ifcNhJ yD; avxD;
wyfzJGU0ifwOD;jzpfonf/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD0if
wOD; jzpfcJhonf/ rEav;wuodkvf ygarmucsKyftjzpf
1966 ckESpf uG,fvGefcsdeftxd xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
Source: File Photo
wuoOuX ukad tmifqef; (1938-39)
129
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jyefveS af wG;qonft
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ukdoef;wifum; igwkdYtm; ypfpGefY igwkdYxHyg;rS wcgwnf; xGufcGmoGm;avNyD/ igw\
hdk trd jrefrmjynf vGwv
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&Jabmfa[mif; ukdoef;wif oGm;&mvrf;odkh jref;aumif;jref;Sm &ayvdrfUrnf/ okdYjzpfap igwkdYtm; tb,frIthHenf;/
igwkdY wkdif;jynf\ vGwfvyfa&;twGuf aqmifGuf&ef usef&pftyfaom igwkdYonf okdYwdrfawmif jrLckd;wkdYjzifh
jynfhtyfaom tem*wf xifjrifrIaMumifh pdwfysufvufavsmh wtm;ajymMuawmhrnfvm;/ vGwfvyfa&;wnf;[laom
aw;oHonf tcgrvyf aumif;uif,HwGif 0Jvsuf? wkd;wufvkdaom jA[pkd&fw&m;jzifh udef;atmif;vsuf Sdaom
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130

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132

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134

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136

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138
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(P-1) "rESifU t"r (a&;ol-okyPu)
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139
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"rESifU t"r
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qif;&Jom;ypnf;rJhwkdYrSm vltiftm;aumif;oavmuf
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t"r pepfBuD;
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140
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okyPu

(P-2) aoG;pnf;MuavmU (a&;ol- &J&Jawmufoef;wif- NrdKYrausmif; &efukef)
aoG;pnf;MuavmU
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txuftnmwGifae tnmom;? atmufwGifae atmufom; ponfjzifh ac:Muaom trnfynwfoabmrQyif jzpfay\/
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143
(w) Auo? wuo Ou| ukdatmifqef;\ ausmif;ydwf&ufvkyfief;wm0ef vufrSwfygrl

10th September 1938
Dear ----------------------,
As the college is to be closed, would you please held in to get a list of students who would
volunteer to do some work in the districts when they get back there? Further I should be very much
obliged if any student is forth coming to stay out in Rangoon and the help us expedite our work.
The work for volunteers in the districts is not at all heavy. All they have to do is to get
necessary information from us, to explain about our decision to the students and people in their
respective places to help form students union and volunteer corps and guide then with your advice
in consultation with us here while you remain there.
For these who can afford to remain in Rangoon, they will be mostly correspondence,
propanganda and other odd jobs.
Pleas let me know the list of such students by tomorrow so that we may make necessary
arrangements for the Thadingyut Vacation.
Yours Sincerely,
Aung San
President, Rangoon University Student Union
(x) cGyfacgif;tvH teDatmufcH? a&T0ga&mif cGyfa'gif;okH;pGJyHk (1938 twGJ- 7? trSwf- 1 tkd;a0)

Union Flag - Last year flying of the peacock flag was not allowed and the our writes passed a resolution
to the effect that flag, whose design was not approved of by then must be flown. Yet, when
we adopted our present design i.e. a fighting peacock and a red background we were at
a loss of attitude and the part of the authorities who approve that design.
(') 1938 &efukefwuokdvftufOya' jyifqifcsuf (rlMurf;) udp

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144

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xyfrH jyifqifcJhaomfvnf; tvGeftajymif;tvJjrefaom urmESifh EIdif;,SOfaomtcg auseyfzG,f r[kwfonfrSm
odom xifSm;vmaMumif;/ xkdYaMumifhyif 1936 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv? (25) &ufaeYwGif &efukefwuodkvfu tpjyK
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147
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148

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149
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150
OD;&mSpf B. Sc., B. L.,

(1936-37)
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acgif;aqmifae&m ay;tyfjcif;udk jyojcif; jzpfonf/
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ckEpS w
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1936 ck ausmif;om;oydww
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151
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B.A., B.L.
(1937-38)
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&Scd o
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f iG f
wuo Ou| jzpfavonf/
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k o
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H il ,frsm;tpnf;tH;k
(Avp) [k trnfajymif;vJcJhonf/ 1952 cktxd Ou|tjzpf aqmifGufonf/
1947 ck Adv
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hf uG 0efBuD;wzGUJ vH;k
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152
Adv
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(1938-39)
Source: File Photo
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ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1932 ck ZGefvwGif &efukefwuodkvfodkY a&mufSd 1937 ckESpfwGif
0dZm bJUG xl;udk qGwcf ;l cJ\
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1935-36 rS wuo trIaqmiftzJGUwGif? tdk;a0r*Zif; wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmifGufcJhonf/
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153
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(1938 rS 1939)
(u) &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* (wuo) zGJUpnf;ykHpnf;rsOf;

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RANGOON UNIVERSITY STUDENT'S UNION, 1931
(As Amended by the Rangoon University Student's Union at in Business Meeting
Held on 5th July 1937)
1.
2.
3.
4.
154
Rangoon University Student's Union

CHAPTER (I)
Nature of the Organization
This organization shall be called Rangoon University Students Union.
The objects of the Union shall be to promote a healthy corporate social life, inculcating a
spirit of independence, and to create a sense of duty and responsibility among the students
of the University.
In pursuance of the objects mentioned in Section 2 the Union shall specially.
(1) hold debates,
(2) arrange for and conduct lectures,
(3) maintain a library, reading and writing and indoor games,
(4) discuss and promote the general interests of the students, and
(5) arrange for and hold entertainments.
The Union shall not make any dividend, gift division or bonus in money into or between any
of its members.
udv
k ekd aD cwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsq
YJ efu
h siaf &; trsK;d om;a&;toGif
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
CHAPTER (II)
Membership and Subscriptions
Only the students, Graduates, Registered Graduates, members of teaching staff of the
University of Rangoon, and past students who have belonged to the University before the
formation of the Union, shall be admitted to membership of the Union except as provided in
section is of this chapter.
Explanation: - Students are those pursuing a course of study in the University with a view to
qualifying themselves for a degree, certificate or diploma in the University of Rangoon.
Those members of Union who are not or cease to be student members shall not enjoy the
right (except as provided in chapter VIII)
(1) to hold any office, and
(2) to vote at Business Meetings and elections.
Persons who are eligible for membership in the Union may apply to become members by
filling and submitting the membership form (which can be had from the General Secretary or
Hall Secretaries an application) duty proposed and seconded by two members of Union: such
applications shall be accompanied by the entrance fee and subscription mentioned in Section 4.
(1) A member who is admitted to the Union shall pay an entrance fee of rupee one.
(2) Student-members shall pay a yearly subscription of rupees two. The subscription shall be
payable in a lump sum at the time of admission.
(3) If a student is admitted to the membership of Union during the period extending from
November to May ( both months inclusive ) we shall pay the full yearly subscription.
(4) Non-Student members shall pay a life membership fee of rupees twenty-four, but it may be
paid in two equal installments, the first at admission and the second within six months
thereafter.
Members are liable to be fined, suspended or expelled.
Any member may resign from the Union by notifying his intention to the General Secretary
provided that he pays all sums due from him to the Union and provided also that the Executive
Committee accepts the resignation of the member after satisfying itself that all conditions
governing the resignation of membership have been fulfilled.
A member who shall resign under Section 6 shall cease to be a member of the Union except as
provided in Section 14.
A member who has resigned may be re-admitted to the Union on payment of an entrance fee
and the full subscription of the current year.
A member shall be expelled from the membership of the Union if a motion for his expulsion be
carried at a Business Meeting.
No motion for the expulsion of a member shall be proposed except by a member of the
Executive Committee and no motion shall be proposed for the expulsion of more than one
member.
No motion for the expulsion of a member shall be carried unless at least one-third of the
student members so voting shall have voted upon it and at least two-thirds of the members so
voting shall have voted in favour of it.
A member who has been expelled can be re-admitted only after a motion for his re-admission
has been carried at a Business Meeting.
The conditions for and restrictions upon the proposal and carrying of motions for re-admission
of a person who has been expelled from membership shall be the same as those imposed in the
155

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
156
case for the expulsion of a member by Section 9, 10, and 11 of this Chapter.
Any member who has resigned or has been suspended shall be liable to expulsion as if he was
still a member of the Union in respect of acts done while he was a member.
Upon re-admission, a member who has been expelled must pay an Entrance fee and the full
subscription for the current year and all sums due from him to the Union at the time of his
expulsion, which remain unpaid.
Any member who has resigned or has been suspended or expelled shall be excluded on all
occasions from the premises of the Union until and unless his suspension is removed or he
has been re-admitted.
The Executive Committee shall have power, by a majority of two-thirds of those present, to
cancel the membership of any member whom they shall consider not to be eligible for
membership of the Union, and no such member shall be re-admitted without the consent of
the Union at a Business Meeting by a simple majority of those voting. Any member who is the
subject of the such a decision by the Executive Committee shall have returned to him only the
subscription for the current year.
Harm any membership of the Union may, by a resolution carried at a Business meeting by a
majority of three-fourths of those voting, be conferred on persons of distinction provided
that at no time shall the member of such member exceed twelve and that in any academic year,
not more than three such members shall be elected.
CHAPTER (III)
The Property and Premises
No property of any description, designed for use in the premises of the Union shall be
removed from the premises without the permission of the Executive Committee, and the
penalty for such removal shall be a fine of five rupees and if the property so removed is lost
or damaged a further, liability for the current price of such property shall arise.
Any member who shall damage the property of the Union shall pay the expense incurred
on his account by the Union for repair or replacement.
The premises of the Union shall not be used for any other than the ordinary purpose of the
Union expect as provided in Chapter XX.
No one shall be allowed to play any game on stakes on the premises of the Union.
No alcoholic drink shall be stored or drunk on the premise.
The Executive Committee shall have power to regulate the admission of members and nonmembers to the premise and functions of the Union and it may from time to time frame rules
and issue direction for purpose.
CHAPTER (IV)
Officers of the Union
The following shall be the officers of the Union (1) The President
(2) The Vice-President
(3) The Treasurer
(4) The General Secretary
(5) The Librarian
(6) The Editor.
udv
YJ efu
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(1) Only those members of the Union who have completed one year of membership of the
Union and who are whole time students shall be eligible for election to the offices of the
President, Vice-President, and General Secretary.
(2)(a) A member shall not be eligible for election to the office of the president, unless in
addition to the qualification laid down in Section 1 above, he has been a member of the
Executive Committee, either as an officer or as an ordinary member for at least one
academic year.
(2)(b) Members who have held office for at least one academic year in the Mandalay
Intermediate College Union shall be exempted from the qualification regarding one year's
membership of the Union laid down in sub-Section 1.
If any officer is absent from Rangoon for period exceeding one month continuously during
any term excluding the vacations or is unable to carry on his duties for one month continuously,
his office shall become vacant.
Any officer may resign his office by notifying his intention to the Executive Committee, but
he shall remain in office until a new officer has been elected in his place.
In case of any officer being absent from Rangoon for a period exceeding three days but not
exceeding thirty days (excluding the vacations) a new officer who shall affiliate in his place
during his absence shall be elected by the Executive Committee from among its members.
If any officer is censured by a Business Meeting, his office shall become vacant, and shall be
debarred from standing as a candidate for any election within one year thereafter.
If any officer shall become prematurely vacant by resignation or otherwise, the vacancy shall
be filled by-election within ten days of its becoming vacant, and the President shall conduct
such by election. Any member of the Union desirous of proposing a candidate for the vacant
office shall not less than two days before the day of election, submit to the president a
nomination paper showing the name of his candidate duty proposed and seconded and
signed by the candidate.
(1) Any officer if being elected to any office at any by-election, has to resign his former office.
(2) Any elected member of the Executive Committee if being elected to the office of President,
Vice-President or Treasurer at any by-election shall ipso facto resign his seat as an elected
member of the Executive Committee.
The term of office for any officer shall expire after General Election.
CHAPTER (V)
The President
The President shall be elected annually.
The President shall be Chief Executive Officer of the Union and shall have the general control
of its premise.
The President shall be the chairman of all meetings of the Union except sub-committees and
select committees.
The President shall be an ex-officio member of all committees and sub- committees.
The President after the expiry of his term of office, shall become an ex-officio member of the
Executive Committee for the ensuing year, but as an ex-officio member he shall not have the
power to vote.
The President shall after the expiry of his term of office never be eligible for re-election to that
office.
157

7.
8.
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
158
The President shall in case of emergency advise any office, member or servant of the Union
as to Unions rules and practices and any advice so give shall be reported by him to the
Executive Committee so that they may determine whether it is desirable to make any new rule
or practice upon the matter in question.
The President shall in urgent case have power, by giving not less than twenty-four hours
notice call a Special Meeting of the Union or to change the time or the day appointed for any
meeting.
The President shall not address the House from the Chair, except in his official capacity.
CHAPTER (VI)
The Vice-President
The Vice-President shall be elected annually at the same time as the President.
In the absence of the President his duties shall devolve upon the Vice-President, except as
provided in Section 3, 4 and Chapter IV.
The Vice-President shall be in the charge of the Executive department.
The Vice-President shall examine and sign all bills before they are handed over to the treasurer.
The Vice-President shall seven days before the last Business Meeting of each year, place
upon the boards a report for the outgoing term, which shall be read to the Union at the said
meeting and the members present shall have the right to discuss upon the report.
The Vice-President, if he is again not elected to any office after his term of office has expired
shall become an ex-officio member of the Executive Committee for the ensuing year, but as an
ex-officio member, he shall not have the power to vote.
CHAPTER (VII)
The Treasurer
The Treasurer shall be elected annually at the same time as the President and Vice-president.
Only those members of the Union who are graduates of this University and two years standing
as members shall be eligible for election to this office.
The treasurer shall supervise the collection of subscriptions fees and fines and be responsible
for the due application of the Unions revenues in accordance with the Budget provisions.
The Treasurer shall at the beginning of each year prepare and submit to the Executive
Committee for consideration and sanction a budget containing a detailed estimate of the
income and expenditure for the year together with a statement of all capital and invented
funds under each head of account. The Treasurer may with the consent of the Executive
Committee make transfers of funds from head of account to another provided that the total
amount of expenditure allotted in the Budget shall not be exceeded. The Treasurer shall after
Budget has been passed by the Executive Committee, place it upon the boards.
The Treasurer, may in the case of the late sum for any head of expenditure in the Budget being
insufficient demand additional provision for the head of expenditure and such demand, if
sanctioned by the Executive Committee shall be placed upon the boards by the Treasurer.
The Treasurer shall place upon the boards of the Union not less than fourteen days before
the last Business Meeting of each year a statement of all sums received and paid of liabilities
incurred of the balance in credit existing up to the time of the report and his statement shall be
read and considered at the meeting.
The Treasurer must not keep more than fifty rupees in his hand at a time as soon as he has
udv
YJ efu
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.(1)
(2)
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4. (1)
more than rupees fifty in possession he must at once deposit all sums over and above fifty
rupees in the bank (mentioned in Chapter XI, section I) except as provided in section 9.
The Treasurer shall draw any sum in the name of the Union with the sanction of the Executive
Committee for the purpose of the expenditure provided of with Budget, but all withdrawal
forms or cheques must be counter-signed by the Vice- President.
The Treasurer shall issue reminders to the members of the Union who have not paid up their
subscriptions fees, fines and other liabilities to the Union within the prescribed period and
inform the General Secretary the names of members, who are liable to be suspended according
to rules.
The Treasurer shall account to his successor for all money received and paid by him up to the
time of his leaving office and shall supply his successor with an account of all Union Funds.
CHAPTER (IX)
Hall Secretaries
The Executive Committee shall annually appoint one or more secretaries from among the
members of the Union for each Hall and for the day students.
A Hall Secretary must be a resident of the Hall for which he is appointed and he shall ipso
facto vacate his office if he goes out of residence in that hall.
A day student secretary must be a day student of the college for which he is appointed and
he shall ipso facto vacate his office, if he closes be a day student or leaves the college.
The President may convene meetings of the Hall secretaries and the General Secretary and he
shall be the chairman of such meetings.
The Hall Secretaries shall make known to the residents of their Halls the nature and object of
the Union and collect Union subscriptions from them.
The Hall Secretaries shall do such other work as may be assigned to them by the President in
connection with the Union in their respective Halls.
CHAPTER (X)
The Executive Committee
The Executive Committee shall consist of
(1) The President,
(2) The Vice- President,
(3) The Treasurer,
(4) The Librarian,
(5) The Editor,
(6) Six members elected by the members of the Union including the General Secretary
(7) Ex- Officio members
(8) The Editor and librarian shall be appointed by the Executive Committee either from among
the six elected members of the committee or from among the student members of the Union.
The election of the members mentioned in Section I, Clause 6, shall ordinarily take place
annually after the election of officers.
Only members of the Union who have been members for at least one year and are still students
of the University, shall be eligible for election to the Executive Committee.
The President and the Vice-President of the previous year the Committee for the current year
as provided in Chapter 5 and 6.
159

(2)
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
1.
160
Members who have been members of the Executive Committee of the Mandalay Intermediate
College Union shall be exempted from the qualification regarding one years membership of
the Union Laid down in sub-Section 1.
The General Secretary shall summon all meetings of the Executive Committee at the direction
of the President who shall be the Chairman of the Committee.
The General Secretary shall record the minutes of all meetings of the Committee.
The Executive Committee shall appoint all sub-committees as provided and may also appoint
any sub-committee not specifically provided for.
The Executive Committee shall consider and pass orders on the budget presented by the
Treasurer as provided in Chapter 7, Section 5and 6.
The Executive Committee shall receive all donations endowments and other such moneys as
may be given to the Union.
The Executive Committee shall appoint tradesmen to be employed by the union.
The Executive Committee shall budget to the control of the whole House at their Business
Meetings, regulate the appointment and dismissal of the Unions servants and determined
from time to time the salaries and wages of such servants.
The Executive Committee shall make such reports to the whole House at their Business
Meetings with regard to the appointment and remuneration of the Unions servants and with
regard to the tradesmen employed by Union, as the Committee may from time to time determine.
The Executive Committee shall, subject to the control of the whole House at their Business
Meetings make rules for the position of fines on members of the Union.
The Executive Committee shall subject to the control of the whole House at their Business
Meetings, fix the time and period within which the premises will be open.
The Executive Committee shall have power to invite any person or persons not being members
of the Union to speak at any debate or to deliver lectures at Special Meetings.
Five members shall from a quorum for any meeting of the committee.
No member of the Executive Committee shall vote by pray.
Any member of the Executive Committee any ask the president to call a meeting of the
Committee and the president shall convene such meetings as he may deem necessary.
The Committee shall meet to consider motions for business to be put before Business meetings.
The officer concerned shall present their reports at business Meetings as required by the
provisions of the Constitution.
Any elected member of the Executive Committee (other an officer) who goes out of residence
from Rangoon for a period exceeding thirty days during full term of the University or absents
himself from three consecutive meetings of the Committee shall cease to be a member of the
Committee and a new member shall be elected in his place. Members absent from consecutive
meetings of the Committee shall be reminded of their absence by the General Secretary.
The Executive Committee may spend a sum not exceeding thirty rupees in any one term for
exceptional purpose, in pursuance of the objects of the Union in addition to the provisions,
made in the budget and the additional grants mentioned in Chapter 7, Section 6.
CHAPTER (XI)
Finance
All funds accruing to the Union shall be deposited to the credit of the Union in a bank
appointed by the Executive Committee.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
(23)
(24)
(25)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(1)
An ordinary fund shall be created in to which shall be paid all sum derived from fees,
subscriptions, fines and other sources allotted to meet the annual expense of the Union.
A reserve shall be created, into which shall be paid sum derived from endowments, donations
interest on investments, or other than those mentioned in Section 2 of this chapter. At least
two-thirds of the balance left from the ordinary fund annually shall be transferred to this fund.
No part of the reserve fund shall be used for any purpose except for replacements of damaged
or worm out furniture and equipment or except by virtue of a resolution passed at a Business
Meetings.
The Executive Committee shall prescribe form or cheque for voluntary subscriptions and
donations towards the Reserve Fund.
The Executive Committee shall appoint a qualified auditor annually.
The accounts of the income and expenditure of the Union shall every year in July be audited
by the auditor (Section 7) and the audited accounts together with the auditors report under
his signature shall be placed upon the boards not less than fourteen days before the first
Business Meeting of the Academic year of the University. The Treasurer shall present his
report at that meeting.
The presidency shall check the account and bank books.
The Chairman shall be the sole judge on any point of order and may call any member to order
at any meeting and shall have power to take such action as he may think necessary to enforce
his decisions.
There shall be no voting proxy at any meeting.
A meeting adjourned for lack of quorum shall not require a quorum and the date to which it
has adjourned.
CHAPTER (XII)
Business Meetings
At Business Meetings the financial and administrative business of the Union shall be
transacted.
At such meetings motions for rejection of any act or resolution of the Executive Committee
which is alleged to be in excess of the powers conferred upon the said Committee by the
constitution may be moved.
At such meetings the following motions may be moved;
(1) Motion to amend, add to, or repeal the constitution
(2) Motion for expulsion of any member of the Union.
(3) Motion for re-admission of expelled members.
(4) Motion to censure any office of the Union.
(5) Motion to reverse any decision of the President, under Chapter 5, Section 7.
(6) Motions for appointment of a select Committee for any purpose relating to the Union.
Question relating to the working of the Union or affecting the interest of the Union may be
asked.
The decision arrived at such meetings shall be final.
The procedure at Business Meeting shall be governed by the following rule:A Business Meeting shall be held at least once at the end of each University term, the last
meeting taking place in February; but the president shall have the power to convene emergency
161

(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
162
meeting by giving three days notice.

The President shall convene Extra-ordinary Business Meetings on presentation of a requisition
signed by not less than an-forth of the student members (or) fifty student-members, whichever
is less, Such requisition shall state in writing the object for which the meeting is to be held.
Except in case of emergency, fourteen days notice of a Business Meeting and the general
nature of the business which the Executive Committee will bring forward to be transacted
there at shall be given under the signature of the President.
One-quarter of the number of student-members of the Union shall Constitute a quorum at a
Business Meeting.
Any student-member who wishes to propose a motion at an ordinary Business Meeting shall
forward a copy of the motion to the president so as to reach him not later than ten days before
the date of the meeting; and the President shall, if such motion be in order, course such
motion to be placed on the agenda paper of the meeting at which it is to be moved.
No motion which has been negative or other wise disposed of at a Business Meeting shall be
moved again within six months from the date of the meeting at which it was disposed of.
The President shall issue not less than seven days before the date of the meeting a list of the
motions he has received to be moved at the meeting.
Notice of amendments to motions of the agenda paper shall be in the hands of the President
not less than four days before the meeting.
The President shall issue three days before the date of the meeting a revised agenda paper
showing all motions in the original agenda paper and motion and amendments of which due
notice has been given.
In the absence of the President or Vice-President, the members present shall elect a Chairman
from among themselves.
A motion for adjournment of the House to discuss an urgent and important matter concerning
the Union may be moved at a Business Meeting but notice for such motion shall reach the
President not less than one hour before the meeting starts and the President shall admit such
motion only if he considers the matter to be important and urgent.
The Chairman, on his own motion or if so directed by a meeting from time to time and from day
to day, but no business shall be transacted at an adjourned meeting other than the business
unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place.
Not more than the first thirty minutes of a meeting shall be devoted to answering questions.
Notice of questions to be asked at a meeting must reach the President not less than three
days before the meeting. The officer concerned shall answer such questions.
The order of business - At a Business Meeting the following shall be the order of Business:(a) The election of the Chairman, if necessary.
(b) Questions
(c) Business brought forward by the Executive Committee
(d) Business brought forward by the members of the Union.
The following motions may be move without previous notice:(a) Motion to appoint a Chairman,
(b) Motions for adjournment of the House to another date or time if the business is not
expected to be fully disposed of within the time available.
(c) Motions that any question before the meeting be put to the vote forth with.
(d) Motions that the meeting be dissolved for lack of quorum.
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(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(e) Motions to ask permission to with draw a motion or amendment.

(f) Motions that the House resolve itself into a Committee,
(g) Motions expensing thanks, congratulations or sympathy.
The following amendments may be moved without previous notice:(a) Amendments to any motion admitted without previous notice,
(b) Amendments which are in the opinion of the Chairman of urgent and important nature and
or which he considers that the opinion of the House should be taken forth with.
Motions requiring votes of at least one-quarter of members and two-thirds majority of the
votes so registered shall be:(a) Motions to amend, add to, or repeal any provision or whole of the constitution,
(b) Motions to expel any member of the Union,
(c) Motions to re-admit expelled members
(d) Motions affecting the Reverse Fund.
Motions to confer Honorary Membership and any person of distinction shall require threeforth majority of those voting.
The following shall be the procedure on motions:(a) Every motion admitted without previous notice shall be moved at a time to be appointed
by the Chairman.
(b) Such motions once disposed of shall not be moved again at that meeting.
(c) Every motion effecting the finances of the Union shall specify the amount affected.
(d) A motion that the House resolve itself into a Committee shall specify item or items of
business to be considered in committee.
The following shall be the procedure amendments:(a) Every amendment must be relevant to the motion to which it refers, and must be framed so
as to form there with an intelligible and consistent sentence.
(b) No amendment shall be moved to a motion for adjournment of a meeting except one
appointing a different day or time.
CHAPTER (XIII)
Special Meetings
1.
(1)
(2)
2.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
At special Meetings,
Motions affecting the interests of the students of the University shall be moved, or
Lectures or address may be delivered an any subject or topic other than religious, by any
person and the invitation of the Executive Committee.
The procedure at special meeting shall be governed by the following rules:The president shall fix the day time at which the meeting is to be held and shall gave power to
hold such meeting in place of any data debate.
The Executive Committee shall, and presentation of a requisition of not less than thirty
members of the Union, convene a special meeting. Such requisition shall state in writing the
object for which the meeting is to be called.
The procedure for the satisfaction and submission of motions and amendments shall be the
same as for Business Meeting, but the President shall put before the Executive Committee all
such motions and amendments.
The procedure on motions and amendments shall be governed by the rules prescribed
for Business Meetings except in case of lectures and address.
163

(5)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
164
No motion shall be moved if a meeting is specially called for the lectures or address.
CHAPTER (XIV)
Debates
Meeting for debates shall be held as far as possible every Friday during full term of the
University except as otherwise decided by the president.
The Debates may be either in Burmese or in English as decided by the president.
The Debates may be any subject other than a religious subject.
The selection of motions for debates shall rest solely with the president.
Any member may suggest a motion for debate and signify his willingness to move it by a
written intimation to the President in selecting motions for debates the President shall take
into consideration suggestions so made.
The President shall be responsible for providing a motion for every debate and he shall
choose at least four principle speakers, i.e. a move and his supporter, and an opposer and his
supporter for each motion.
The Chairman, shall if so directed by a meeting, adjourn the meeting from time to time and day
to day, no Business shall be transacted at an adjourned meeting other than the business left
unfinished at the meeting at which the adjournment took place.
No motion for adjournment shall be moved for any purpose other than that of continuing the
debate an subsequent day.
In the absence of the President, a Chairman of the meeting shall be elected by the members
present from among themselves.
CHAPTER (XV)
Meeting in General
Procedure on motions, resolutions, and amendments at meeting of the Union in general shall
be governed by the following rules:
The speaker shall address the chair and may not read their speeches.
Every motion at a meeting shall be seconded, otherwise it shall drop.
Any motion or amendment standing in the name of a member who is absent from the meeting
or who declines to move it may be moved by other another member with the permission of the
chair.
No motion or amendment once moved shall be with drawn without the leave of the House.
No speech on any motion of amendment shall exceed fifteen minutes but the chairman shall
have power to extend this time.
A member who rises with the permission of the chairman to speak an the conclusion of a
speech has the right to be heard. In case of competition, the chairman shall decide who is in
possession of he meeting.
Except as here in after provided, a member having spoken to a motion is not at liberty to speak
again to such motion.
Any member may (even whilst another is spoken) rise to explain any misconception of
expressions used by him but he shall not make a speech.
There shall be no personal reference to any member except in censure motions and than only
provided that such reference is relevant to the subject.
Any member may call the Chairmans attention to a point of order even whilst another is
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(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
1.
2.
speaking but no speech shall be made on such point of order.

When an amendment to any motion has been proposed, no other amendment shall be proposed,
until the former amendment has been disposed of.
Any member may speak once on a motion and once an each amendment proposed to it, but
no member may speak more than once on any motion or amendment except as provided in
rules (13) and (14).
The propose of any motion may speak an every amendment, and shall have the right of reply
immediately before the final division an his motion. The mover of an amendment has the right
immediately before the division an that amendment.
No member who has spoken on the motion may subsequently move an amendment, but any
member who has only spoken on an amendment may subsequently move and amend.
In the case of amendments which require previous notice, the Chairman shall call on movers
of such amendments one by one to dispose of such amendments, after the mover has moved
the motion.
In the case of censure motions the officer or the member whose conduct is in question shall
have right of speaking again after the mover has replied.
When the Chairman has as certain that no other member who is entitled to address the
meeting desires to speak, he shall ask the propose of the motion to reply upon the whole
debate and after that he shall put the motion to the House.
A motion for the adjournment of the House shall be moved only once at a meeting.
The Chairman has the same right of moving or searching or speaking to a motion or an
amendment as any member but he shall vacate the chair for the whole meeting, and he shall
nominate to the chair a member who has not taken part in the discussion. Without leaving the
chair, the chairman may however at his direction or at the request of any member, explain to
the meeting the scope of any motion or amendment. He may also at the conclusion of a
discussion sum up the discussion if he so desires.
On a division, the Chairman shall appoint tellers to count the House. The manner in which a
division is to be effected shall be determined by the chairman.
The Chairman shall have a casting vote at all divisions where the voting is equal.
All question considered at meetings of the Union shall be decided by a simple majority of
votes of member voting, unless a particular majority is required by the constitution.
The Chairman shall be the sole judge on any point of order and may call any member to order
at any meeting and shall have power to take such action as he may think necessary to enforce
his decisions.
There shall be no voting proxy at any meeting.
A meeting adjourned for lack of quorum shall not require a quorum and the date to which it
has adjourned.
CHAPTER (XVI)
Vacation Officers
If not less than three members of the Executive Committee remain in Rangoon during the
vacations, they shall be the vacation officers.
If less than three such members remain in Rangoon during the vacations, then the Executive
Committee shall before the beginning of the vacations appoint there vacation officers from
among the members of the Union, who will remain in Rangoon to take charge of the Union
165

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
166
during the vacation.

The Executive Committee shall place upon the boards the names of these vacation officers
immediately after their appointments.
The vacation officers shall take over charge the offices assigned to them by the Executive
Committee except the Treasurers office.
The office of these officers who are leaving Rangoon during the vacations shall be distributed
among the vacation officers.
The Treasurer with the approval of the Executive Committee shall appoint a member of the
Union of not less than two years standing to take charge of his office if he is absent from
Rangoon during the vacations.
After the General Election, the vacation officers shall hand over charge of the offices they
held to the elected officers concerned.
CHAPTER (XVII)
Elections
There shall ordinarily be two General Elections annually, one for the officers and the other for
the Executive Committee.
The election of the President, Vice-President and Treasurer shall ordinarily be held before the
election of the Executive Committee and not later than the second week of July.
The retiring President if present after the summer vacations shall conduct the election of
officers.
If the retiring President be not present on Rangoon in time to conduct the election, the
vacation officers shall summon and a Business Meeting not later than first week of July and
this meeting shall elect a Returning officer and four tellers from among the student members
of the Union, who are not standing as contact the election.
Every candidate for election shall be nominated on nomination paper (which can be had from
the Returning officer or the President) signed by a propose and a seconder, entitled
to vote, which or the Returning Officer on or before the day fixed for receiving such papers.
Every such nomination paper shall be signed by the candidate nominated for election.
No member from whom any arrears are due to the Union shall be proposed as a candidate, or
propose or a second candidate or vote at any election.
The president or returning officer shall, within two days after the day fixed for receiving
nomination papers, put upon the boards the list of candidates nominated.
If nomination paper fails to comply with any one of the requirements of the provisions of the
constitution, the candidate then in nominated, shall be disqualified for that election.
A member who is eligible for more than one officer may stand for election for all such offices
but if he is elected two select which office he will accept, and shall resign all other
offices to which he may have been elected and the next candidate on the poll for such office
or offices shall take his place.
No member shall be allowed to address the House with reference to the merits or demerits of
any candidate.
The newly elected officers shall formally enter upon office at the first debate after the election.
The President or the Returning Officers shall give 7days notice of the first election to the
members of the Union.
The election shall be decided by means of a straight vote.
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15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The President elect shall conduct the election for the Executive Committee not later than two
weeks after his election.
If there be more than six candidates for the Executive Committee, the election shall be conducted
by a straight vote. Every member entitled to vote shall have one vote for each seat, but he
shall vote give more than one vote to the same candidate. The six candidates on the top of the
poll shall be declared elected.
The counting of votes shall take place on the someday or on the day following the poll in the
presence of the officers, tellers and candidates or their authorized representative and the
results shall be published on the boards and the officer who conducted the election shall call
out the names of the candidate elected at the first meeting of the House following the election.
In the election shall decide the issue by his casting vote.
No distinguishing mark shall be placed upon the notice issue against the names of candidate
who have served on the Executive Committee or as officers of the Union before.
Every election shall take place by ballot; and the voting papers shall be in such form as the
president or the Returning officer shall direct.
No member shall vote by proxy.
The nomination or voting papers shall not be published in any case or shall they be
subsequently examined unless a scrutinizing be demanded by a candidate or his propose or
by at least ten members of the Union within three days of the announcement of the results of
the election, when the President, thinks fit shall empower two ex-members or ex-officio members
of the Executive Committee to examine the voting paper; and they shall make a report to the
President, whose decision on the question shall be final.
If a requesting signed by fifty or one- fourth of the student members, which ever is less, be
presented to the president within a week after the election, he shall summon a Business
Meeting which shall elect a select- committee of fix members, to investigate any election
called into question by such requesting.
If by a majority of two-thirds of the select-committee so appointed it is held proved that any
candidate has spent more than ten rupees to secure his election by canvassing, such election
shall be declared void and he shall not be eligible for election to any officer or the Executive
Committee for one year.
CHAPTER (XVIII)
Library
There shall be a Library Sub-Committee consisting of a librarian and six members. The librarian
and the members of the Sub-Committee shall be nominated by the Executive Committee from
among its members or the members of the Union, and the Treasurer shall be an ex-officio
member of the Sub-Committee.
The Librarian shall be the chairman of the Sub-Committee.
The Librarian shall be in charge of the library and Reading Room; and the key of the
library shall be kept with the librarian who may entrust them to the chief clerk.
The library Sub-Committee shall buy such books of general interest to the members as they
may decide from time to time and shall keep such periodicals as they may think fit out of the
sum allotted for the purpose.
The library Sub-Committee shall, subject to the control of the whole House at Business
Meetings, make rules relating to the library and Reading Room.
167

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
Any member may borrow any not meant for reference, from the library in accordance with the
library rules.
The Executive Committee shall receive all books presented to the Union Library, and hand
them over to the Librarian.
The Librarian shall issue motives relating to the library and shall present a report with regard
to the library at the last Business Meeting of the year.
The Librarian shall keep a book in the library for suggestions with regard to the library and
Reading Room and a list of books borrowed and a list of all books and equipment belonging
to the library.
At any Business Meeting any member may propose the discontinuance of any newspaper or
periodical taken by the Union.
CHAPTER (XIX)
Union Magazine
There shall be a Magazine Sub-Committee consist of a Editor, a Manager and five members.
The Editor and members shall be nominated by the Executive Committee from among the
members of the Union and the Treasurer shall be an ex-officio member of the Sub-Committee.
The Editor shall be the chairman of the subcommittee and he shall be responsible for the
publication of the Union Magazine.
3.
The Editor shall be responsible for the choice of articles for publication in the Magazine.
4.
The Manager shall collect and supervise the collection of advertisement and other relative
matters, he shall as sit the Treasurer in the collection of advertisement bills etc and he be
generally responsible for the business side of the Magazine.
5.
The Editor shall be the publicity officer of the Union and shall publish all matters handed to
him by the Executive Committee and he shall bring to the notice of the Executive Committee
any criticism or publication effecting the Union or the students of the University.
6.
The Magazine Sub-Committee shall with the approval of the Executive Committee fix the time
for the publication of the Magazine.
7.
The Sub-Committee shall, subject to the control of the whole House at the Business Meeting
make rules relating to matters concerning the Union Magazine not otherwise provide for in
the constitution.
1.
2.
3.
CHAPTER (XX)
Affiliation of Other Societies
Any society of the University or of its constituent colleges may be affiliated to the Union on
application to the Executive Committee who shall have the power of rejecting any application
without assigning any reason.
Every society shall, if affiliated, pay an annual affiliation fee of rupees five and the annual
affiliation fee shall become due on the first day of the first term of each Academic year.
Every affiliated society shall have the use of the Hall on the sitting or Reading Room once in
every month on a day approved by the Vice-President upon payment of rent at reduced rates
to be fixed by the Executive Committee.
Note- Chapter VIII is missing in the orginal copy of Aung Tun. (Anna*: 4 Pice = 1 Anna, 16 Annas = 1 Rupee)
168
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1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
CHAPTER (XXI)
Indoor Games
The Executive Committee may subject to the control of the whole House at Business Meetings
arrange for indoor games.
Only members of the Union shall be allowed to take part in door games, but members may be
permitted to bring guests in accordance with rules laid down by the Executive Committee for
the purpose.
Rules relating to indoor games shall be made by the Executive Committee subject to the whole
House at Business Meeting.
CHAPTER (XXII)
Restaurant
The Union Restaurant may be let out to a messing contractor by calling for tenders annually
until such time as the Executive Committee may decide, with the approval of the whole House
at Restaurant otherwise.
Tenders for letting the Restaurant shall be called for annually unless the Executive Committee
extends the period of lease of the lessee then in occupation.
The Executive Committee shall, subject to the approval of the whole House, formulate the
terms under which the Restaurant is to be let out.
TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
Not with standing anything contained in the constitution, the first elections of officers and of
the Executive Committee shall take place on such days as may be fixed and is such manner as
may be prescribed by the students of the University at a mass meeting.
Not with standing anything contained in the constitution, candidates for such elections must
have completed at least two years of study in the University.
Not with standing anything contained in Section 3, Chapter 11, the first members of the Union
shall be those who being eligible for Membership apply to the president to become members
within one month of the first election of officers, such applications shall be accompanied by
the Entrance Fee and subscription mentioned in Section 4, Chapter 11, but if the activities of
the Union begin in December 1930, the subscription for the remaining period of the Academic
Year shall be rupees three.
SCHEDULE 1
RULES
Premises - The Union premises shall be open from 6:00 a.m to 7:30 p.m on week days during
full term and from 6:00 a.m to 9:00 a.m Saturdays and holidays; but on Debate or other meeting
days the premises shall be kept open till the closing of the meetings.
Fines Fines for non-payment of any fee or subscription or of any sum amounting to not less
than three rupees after it is due, shall be imposed, at the rate of annas* two for every fifteen
days, provided such five shall not exceed eight annas*.
Suspension of members If a member does not discharge a liability mentioned in rule 2 within
sixty days after it is due together with the fines, he shall be suspended from the membership
of the Union, such member shall not be released from suspension until his liabilities are
discharge.
169
(c) 1939-40 AuoESifh wuo trIaqmiftzGJU

wuo
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2/ udkausmfjrifh
'k-Ou|
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4/ udkjrwfapm
t,f'Dwm
5/ udkbpH
6/ udkodef;armif
7/ udkoufaz
8/ rpwmatvwpf (Mr. A. Latif)
9/ rpwmwDyD0rf (Mr. T. P. Wan)
Auo
1/ udkvSaT
2/ udkausmfjrifh
3/ udkxGef;Sdef
4/ udkarmifarmif
5/ udkbuav;
6/ udkjrwfapm
7/ udkoufaz
8/ udkbpH
1940-41 wuo
1/ udkvSarmif
2/ udkoef;armif
3/ udkxGef;Sdef
4/ udkjrpdef
5/ udkjr
6/ ukdjrwfapm
7/ udkaX;NrdKif
8/ udkarmifarmif
9/ udkvS
(pma&;q&m '*kefwm&m)
Ou|
'k-Ou|
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(Social)
(Debates)
(Librarian)
(Games Officer)
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1939 ck atmufwdkbmvwGif yxrtBudrf ausmif;om;vTwfawmfudk usif;yrnfjzpfonf/ ykodrfuGefz&ifh
twnfjyKvkdufaom Auo pnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (2)? tyd'k f (3) wGif
]toif;Bu;D onf wkid ;f jynf tkycf sKyaf om Ekid if Ha&;vkyfief;wGif udk,fxdvufa&muf aqmifGufjcif; rSdap&/
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ykodrfuGefz&ifhtNyD; xGufaom aMunmpmwrf;wGifvnf;
]igwkdh toif;um; wkdif;jynftkyfcsKyfaom EkdifiHa&;vkyfief;wGif udk,fxdvufa&muf aqmifGufrnfr[kwf?
rnfonfUEkdifiHa&; *kdPf;*PESifUrQ rqkdif/}
1938 ck? pufwifbmv (6) &ufaeY? n wuodkvfor*toif;Hk;wGif pnf;a0;aom ausmif;om;rsm;
tpnf;ta0;wGif Ou| udkatmifqef;u
170
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171

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173

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(i) 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkESifh ausmif;om;rsm;

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176
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177

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183

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orm;? v,form;rsm; aoG;pnf; EkdifiHa&;vIyfSm;rI wcktjzpf a&mufSdoGm;&ef BudK;yrf;MuzkdY vkdtyfaMumif; ajymMum;
oGm;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; BuD;rm;aom pGeYf vw
T rf rI sm; jyKvky&f ef ajymMum;oGm;avonf/ tD*spfjynfwiG f ausmif;
om; (4) a,muf aoqHk;ygu? ausmif;om; (40) aSUodkY wdk;wufvmaMumif; ajymMum;avonf/
rnfonfh EkdifiHyifrqdk wkdif;jynfwjynf\ txG#fa&mufSda&;? vGwfvyfpGm wnfwHhckdifjrJa&;? zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf
a&; ponfrsm;ESifh wkdif;jynfta&; MuHKvmvQif ausmif;om;rsm;\ wuf<uaom pdwf"gwftiftm;ESifh aygif;pnf;
nDnw
G rf ?I vIyf mS ; BudK;yrf;rIrsm;onf wkid ;f jynftwGuf oufvakH umif;aom vufeufaumif;BuD;ozG,f jzpfvmonfukd
0efcHMu&rnf jzpfonf/
udv
k aS T wufvmonft
h csed rf mS ausmif;om;vIyf mS ;rI tjrifq
h ;kH 'D*&DoYkd a&mufaeNyD[k qd&k ayrnf/ taMumif;
um; xdktcsdeftcgonf ausmif;toD;oD; or*rsm; wnfaxmifum wpnf;wHk;wnf; &efukefausmif;aygif;pHk?
ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&mausmif;aygif;pHkwdkYonf Ou| udkvSaTESifh trIaqmifwkdY\ enf;vrf; TefMum;&mudk waoG;woH
wrdefYjzifh vdkufemum wkdif;jynf wkefvIyfaponfh ajcvSrf;rsm;udk vSrf;vsufSdonf/
1938 ck? 'DZifbmv (20) &uf? eHeufcif;wGif wuo taqmuftODodkY ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;
a&mufSdvmMuonf/ t"dywd vrf;ray:wGif bwfpfum; (26) pD; &yfxm;onf/ eHeuf 8em&D (15) rdepf SdavNyD/
tpnf;ta0;wGif obmywdudkvSaTu ]&Jabmfwdkh cifAsm;wkdh rsufESmawGY jrif&wm ZmwdaoG;? ZmwdrmefawG vQHwuf
aew,f? 'Daeh Armjynf vGwfvyfa&;twGuf qdk&if axmifusus? pufaoewfeJh ypfypf? aemufqHk; toufaoao?
pGefhr,fqkdwJU ckdifrmwJU &J&Jawmuf oH"d|mefcsxm;NyDqdkwm uRefawmf ,HkMunfw,f? 'Daeh ajcvSrf;usJusJeJh tmPmzD
qefMu&r,f vufeufqkd bmwckrQ roHk;&bl;/ tyfwkd wacsmif;awmif r,lcJUMueJh}
ausmif;om;xkBuD;onf vIyfvIyfSm;Sm;jzpfoGm;um ]oGm;r,f? oGm;r,f? ckomG ;r,f} toHiS u
f m; udak tmif
ausmfyif jzpfonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf bwfpfum;rsm;ESifh ukudKif;vrf;wavQmuf xdkrSwd&pmefHkvrf;rS jzwfum
uefawmfuav; OD;armifarmiftek ;f ckid v
f rf;? pawmh*w
d v
f rf;? armif*rkd m&Dvrf;wdYkukd jzwfum pygwfvrf; (,ck Adv
k af tmif
ausmfvrf;) pdefaygbk&m;Sdcdk;ausmif; aSUSd a'gufwmbarmf\ tzGJUHk;ESifh oHCMo0g'cH qif;&Jom;tzGJUcsKyfHk;aSUwGif
tm;vHk; pkHk;Muonf/ ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol (8000) cefYSdavonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;onf yxrwGif b,fomG ;&rnf? bmvky&f rnfudk rod&ao;ay/ aemufro
S &d onf/ od&onfh
tcsdefum; twGif;0efHk;udk ywfvnfydwfqkdUaom tcsdefjzpfonf/ trIaqmiftzGJUonf todray;bJ vQKdU0SufpGmtvkyf
vkyfonfhtwGuf ausmif;om;rsm;\ ajcvSrf;udk t&yfom;rajymESifh ausmif;om;rsm;yif roday/ ,ckvnf; twGif;0ef
H;k 0dik ;f umrS trIaqmiftzGUJ \ vQKdU0Sucf sufukd od&avonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf bwfpu
f m;rsm;jzifh NrdKUxJvmMu&m
184
Source: Bo Aung Kyaw Report
20? 12? 38 &ufaehu

twGi;f 0ef;kH aSY *dwaf yguf
t0if0wckwiG f ydwq
f
hkd
oydwaf rSmufaeMuaom
ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;
udv
YJ efu
um;rsm;onf wpkwa0;wnf; roGm;MubJ tcsKdUu wuov
kd &f yd o
f mvrf; twkid ;f oGm;Mu\/ udv
k aS TEiS hf acgif;aqmif
tcsKdUu um;i,fav;wpif;jzifh xGufoGm;\/ or*taqmuftODaSUrS pHkaxmufrsm; b,fbufodkY vdkuf&rSef;rod
usef&pfcJh\/
]a'gufwmbarmf tvkdrSd}
]Gefhaygif;tpdk;& tvdkrSd}
]qif;&Jom;qkdif;bkwf jzKwfcs}
pojzifh ajrjyiftufrQ wcJeuf [pfatmfa<u;aMumfMuonf/ xkdYaemuf av;a,mufwGJ pepfwuswGJ
pDwef;um puax&D,uf (ac:) twGif;0efHk;BuD;udk 0kdif;vkdufMuonf/ xdkYaemuf (1000) tpk? (500) tpk? (300)
tpk tpSdojzifh vlpkcGJum twGif;0efHk; t0ifwHcg;rsm; aSUwGifydwfqdkYum twGif;odkY0if&mvrf;rrsm; ajrBuD;ay:wGif
tm;vHk; pkHk;xkdifMuNyD; ausmif;ol trsKd;orD;av;rsm;u aSUuSdavonf/ xdktcsdef Hk;BuD;t0if av;zufav;rsufESmSd
wHcg;tm;vH;k ydwq
f Ykd xm;NyD;jzpf&m 0if xGu
f r&awmhay/ if;rSm NAdwo
d Qtpd;k & A[dt
k pd;k & H;k pdu
k &f m ae&mjzpfonf/
(15) rdepftwGif; ykvdyfrsm;? ppfwyfrsm;? jrif;pD;ykvdyfrsm; a&mufSdvmMuonf/ ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;
rsm;onf twGif;0efHk;udk 0kdif;&ef qHk;jzwf&jcif;rSm xda&mufpGm e,fcsJUNAdwdoQtm; qefUusif uefYuGufEkdif&ef jzpf\/
twGif;0efHk; 0kdif;&onfrSm vG,fulvSonf r[kwfay/ NAdwdoQe,fcsJU bDvl;\ &ufpufMurf;MuKwfpGmaom zdESdyfrIrsm;
urf;ukefcJhonfrSmvnf; rauG;NrdKU a&eHajr tvkyform;rsm; zdESdyfrIu xifSm;pGm oufaoxlvsuf Sdonf/
odkYaomf jynfhZmenf? rsKd;cspf om;ysKdorD;ysKdwkdYu jynfolUvGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJ taMumif;w&m;twGuf rdrd
wdYk toufcEmwkYd ukd pGeYf vw
T &f ef qyfuyfyal Zmf vSL'gef;&ef qH;k jzwfcsufcsNyD;olrsm; jzpf\/ xkYd aMumifh toufuykd "me
rxm;bJ taocHwu
dk yf 0JG ifrnfh ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;um; tajrmuftjrm;yifjzpf\/ wurmvH;k wkev
f yI f u
kd cf wf
oGm;atmif NAdwdoQe,fcsJUorm;udk tefwkrnfh ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;u 'kESifha';yif jzpf\/ ausmif;om;wkdYonf
rdrdwdkY acgif;aqmifrsm;\ trdefYTefMum;csufrsm;udk wduspGm vkdufemcJhMu\/ tdajE&&? pnf;urf;wus av;a,muf
wwGJpDwef;pD twGif;0efrsm; Hk;udk 0dkif;xm;MuonfrSmvnf; ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;\ pnf;urf;ao0yfrIudk
jyovsuf oufaoxlaeonf/
twGif;0efHk;BuD;tm; txJtjyif 0ifxGufr&atmif ydwfqkdY 0kdif;&HvkdufonfESifh wNydKifeuf tpdk;& ykvdyf
ppfwyfrsm;? jrif;pD; ykvyd rf sm;onf rsufv;kH jyL; rsufqH jyL;jyL;jymjymjzifh twGi;f 0ef;kH w0ku
d f ysm;yef;cwfrQ ajccsif;Iyf
vIyfSm;oGm;Muonf/ xkdYaemuf &efukefykvdyfrif;BuD; rpwmy&ufpawmh? ykvdyfrif;BuD; rpwma&;Edk;? &mZ0wf0ef
vkyf'g;? OD;xGef;tHk? rpwmbD(pf) wkdYuvnf; csufcsif; qkdufa&mufvm Muonf/
ol&d, owif;pmwkduf teD;Sd wHcg;rBuD;rSm t&ma&mufqHk; wHcg;rBuD;jzpf ausmif;om;rsm; vufrOD;rD
rsufESmjzL a*:&mykvdyfrsm; t&ifa&mufESihfNyD; pDwef; ydwfqdkYxm;Muojzifh if;wdkYaSUwGif ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol
(400) cefYu wHcg;rBuD;udk ydwfqdkYvkdufavonf/
udkatmifausmfonf if;wm0efusaeaom ol&d, owif;pmwkduf teD;Sd 0ifayguf pnf;urf;wus
wm0ef,l uGyfuJvsufSd\/
]rD;wkwf? rD;wkwf IdY IdY}
]ocifrsKd;a[U 'dkhArm}
]ta&;awmfyHk atmifygap}
a<u;aMumfoHrsm;um; wuf<uvsufSd\/ AD*if'wfvrf;? pywfvrf;? 'gv[kdZDvrf;? *sm'gtDpu,fvrf;wkdY
um; ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh jynfhESufae\/ ylavmifaom aea&mifatmufwGif ausmif;om;rsm; pkHk;vsufSd\/ ykvdyfrif;
BuD;wkYd trdefYay;vdu
k o
f nfEiS hf wNydKifeuf a*:&mykvyd t
f csKdUu ausmif;ol tysKd,
G af v;rsm;udk ajcaxmuf (2) bufrS
udik
f ajrjyifwiG f wGww
f u
dk f &uf&ufpufpuf qGaJ c:oGm;&m wawmifqpf? vufwYdk wiG f yGe;f yJu
h ek o
f nf/ xkid af eaom
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; a*:&mykvyd rf sm;u bdeyfrsm;jzifh uefjcif;? wufeif;jcif;rsK;d jzifh ausmif;om;xkrsm;udk pwifNzdKcGaJ wmh
onf/ vlrqefaom jyKrlaqmifu
G rf rI sm;aMumifh tuGu
J jJG yJjyJ a0'empGu
J yf? aoG;&J&u
J satmif cHpm;&ojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;
vIyfSm;qlyGufvmonfwGif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;\ ]&efrvkyef }hJ ]onf;cHMu} [laom toHrsm; tqufrjywf
xGufvmojzifh NidrfcHae&onfrS wyg; acgif;aqmifrsm; pum;udkrvGefqefMu/ ausmif;om;rsm; pnf;urf;wusom
qEjyjrJjyMu\/ xdkodkY vIyfvIyfSm;Sm;jzpfaepOf NrdKUrausmif;rS tiftm; (1000) cefYSdaom ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol
wyfBuD;rSm ajcusnDnDvSrf; csDwufa&mufSdvmNyD; ]'dAhk rm? 'dAhk rm} [k wzufESifhwzuf yJhwifdkufrQ wefjyefatmf[pf
&if; tpkvkdufcGJum wHcg;SdorQudk xyfqifhydwf aevdkufMuonf/
185

ykvdyfESifh ausmif;om;wkdY\ yGJBuD;yGJaumif; pavNyD/ ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifxJrS tqGJcH&olvnf; cH&NyD;
tkyfcsKyfa&;ydkif; vlrsm;vnf; ysm;yef;cwfrQ a,muf,ufcwf vrf;ovm; aeMuonf/ rsufESmjzL? rsufESmjzLrrsm;
uvnf; um;BuD;? um;i,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;udk vmMunfhMuonf/ ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifwkdYonf ae&m
wGif r[wr*EDBuD;\ t[doopr*enf;udk toHk;jyK[efSdonf/
]cifAsm; vufawG[m odyfNyD;jrifUjrwfvSw,f? cifAsm;vufeJh e,fcsJYvufyg;apawGudk rxdxdkufygbl;}
enf;ESifh acgif;aqmifrsm;um; y&d,m,foHk;vsuf ausmif;om;rsm;bufrS tMurf;zufrI rygatmif owd
ay;av\/ eHeuf (9) em&DwGif tpdk;&trIxrf;rsm; Hk;wuf&ef a&mufSdvmMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u *dwfwHcg;
ayguf0wGif r0ifEkdif&ef oydwfwm;Muavonf/ rMumrD t&mSdrsm; a&mufSdvmNyD; *dwfaygufrS z,fay;&ef ajymqkd
cJah vonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; oydwaf rSmufjrJ arSmufvsuf Sad vonf/ (10) em&DcefYwiG f jrif;pD;ykvyd rf sm; a&mufv
dS mNyD;
aemuf ausmif;om;rsm;udk xyfrH 0kdif;xm;vkdufonf/
eHeuf (11) em&DwGif ta&;ydkif OD;bdk;p a&mufvmNyD; ykvdyfrsm;? ppfykvdyfrsm;? jrif;pD;ykvdyfrsm;tm; kyfodrf;
oGm;ojzifh em&D0uftwGif; rSdawmhacs/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf a<u;aMumfoHrsm; a<u;aMumfaeMuonf/ ausmif;om;
acgif;aqmif udkvSaTu ausmif;om;rsm; pnf;urf;SdyHkESifh trdefYemcHwwfyHkudk *kPf,lpGm ajymMum;avonf/
rdbjynfolrsm;u apwemxufoefpGm vdarmfoD;rsm;? tpm;taomufrsm;udk auR;arG;Muonf/ aetyludk
xD;rsm;? ,if;vdyrf sm;jzifh umay;olwYkd u umay;avonf/ eHeuf (11) em&DausmfwiG f aeylusJusJ xkid
f twGi;f 0ef;kH
oydwfwm;vsufSdaMumif; owif;Mum;od&aomtcgwGif AdkvfwaxmifESihf a&ausmfw0kdufrS vlxkBuD;vma&muf
tm;ay;Muavonf/ xkdYaemuf Hk;rsm;ydwf e,fcsJUwdkY\ puf,E&m; &yfoGm;onfh tjzpfukd auseyfESpfodrfh&if;
ausmif;om;rsm;jyef&ef vlpMk u\/ twGi;f 0ef;kH wHcg; toD;oD;wGif Sad om ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm; pywfvrf;
bufrS vuf0J&pf vSnfh pkpnf;um wyfacguf jyefMu\/
pywfvrf;rS awmifbuf 'gv[kdZDvrf;odkY vnf;aumif;? xkdYaemuf *sLtDpu,fvrf;rS taemufbufcsKd;
bD*ef'wfvrf;odkY vnf;aumif; jyefvSnfhvmMu\/ bD*ef'wfvrf;ESifh pywfvrf;a'gifh ol&d,owif;pmwkdufESifh
rsuaf pmif;xk;d odYk a&mufvmav\/ ol&,
d owif;pmwku
d f teD;odYk a&mufaomtcg pywfvrf;xJwiG f jrif;pD;ykvyd rf sm;?
ajcvsif ukvm;ykvdyfwyf? ppfykvdyfrsm; txyfxyf &ifqkdifawGU&\/ yxrOD;pGm jrif;pD;ykvdyfrsm;u wm;onf/
ausmif;om;rsm;u 'gv[kZd v
D rf;rS jyefvn
S rhf nf jzpfonf/ odYk aomf pywfvrf;rS 0ifNyD; aSUodYk oGm;rnf ajymaomfvnf;
ppfykvdyfrsm;u oabmwl cGifhrjyK twif;tusyf wm;qD;MuonfwGif tajctaerSm wzufESifh wzuf wif;rmvm&m
aSUqH;k rS ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;u twif;xd;k xGuf csw
D uf\/ ausmif;om; wyfO;D ESihf ykvyd w
f yfrsm;um; vufwurf;
om vkdawmh\/ udkatmifausmfonf ausmif;om;wyfOD;rS ausmif;om;rsm; uGyfuJum a<u;aMumfoH wkdifvsufSd\/
ausmif;om;xkonf aSUrSydwfaeaom ykvdyfwyftm; xkd;azmuf&ef [efjyifvsufSd\/
jrif;pD;ykvyd w
f Ykdu aSUodYkw;kd vm\/ ausmif;om;rsm;u aemufrqkwMf u? aSUodYkom csw
D ufMu\/ vQyw
f ysuf
twGi;f ,kwrf maom tMuHEiS hf apmifq
h idk ;f aeaom ukvm;ykvyd w
f yf? t*Fvyd yf v
k yd w
f yfwYdk onf ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol
rsm;tm; eHygwfwkwfrsm;jzifh twif;vkduf kduf\/ ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;rSm wpHkw&m ckcHrIrjyK? nDnDnmnm
csDwufaeaom ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; zkzd &J tNydKNydKtuGu
J JG tvJvjJ zpfuek \
f / tvHuikd x
f m;aom udMk unfarmif
vJus udkatmifausmfu tvHudk udkif aSYodkh csDwufoGm;\/
20? 12? 38 &ufaehu twGi;f 0ef;kH udk 0dik ;f qEjyMuaom ausmif;om;rsm;udk ppfyv
k yd rf sm;u vdu
k v
f H u
kd Ef u
S f NzKd caGJ epOf
186
udv
YJ efu
ausmif;om;rsm;ukd ykvyd rf sm; qJ,
G rf;du
k Ef u
S af ejcif;? jrif;rsm;jzifh twif;0ifa&mufeif;onfukd ab;rS &yfMunfh
aeaom vlxBk uD;onf rcHr&yfEidk jf zpfum ykvyd rf sm;udk atmf[pfqq
J kd Budr;f armif;Muonf/ jynfow
l Ykd \ a'grmeftoHrsm;
um; twGif0efHk;BuD; ywf0ef;usif w0kdufwGif yJhwifxyfrQ jzpfcJhMu&\/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk xkaxmif;NzdKcGif; zdESdyf
tm;r&ao;bJ jrif;pD;ykvdyfrsm;onf vlxkBuD;udkygjrif;rsm;jzifh 0kdif; vdkufvHwkdufcdkuf wufeif;cJhMuao;\/ ausmif;
om;? ausmif;olrsm;onf vlrqefatmif tdkufcHvmMu&m eHygwfwkwf 'PfaMumifh rcsdrqefY jzpfum tkyfBudK;jywf
vJusonf/ rI&uf rjrif&ufEidk af om ausmif;om;rsm;u ausmif;olrsm; aSUrS umuG,&f if; ud,
k pf m; tdu
k cf MH u&onf/
odYkaomf ausmif;olrsm;rSmvnf; jrif;pD;a*:&m qm*sirf sm;xHrS a0;&modYk rajy;Ekid af y/ jrif;ESiv
hf u
kd
f wku
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f nf;wku
d ?f du
k f
vnf;dkufonf omru aoG;l;aoG;wrf; xajy;aeaom ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;udkyif tnmray;/ qifhuJqifhuJ
du
k Mf uojzifh vrf;wavQmufv;kH aoG;csif;csif; &Jvsuf waxG;BuD;vJaeaom ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;\ &ifemp&m
aMuuGzJ ,
G jf zpftifrmS rI&uf? rjrif&ufp&m aumif;vSayonf/ aoG;tkid x
f J vJusaeaom Adv
k af tmifausmfukd ocifvS
az ayGUxm;\/ udkatmifausmfrSm owdarh aeNyD/ wudk,fvHk; 'Pf&mrsm; jynfhESufum aoG;rsm; pD;usvsufSd\/
,if;odYkaoG;xGuo
f ,
H ?kd temw& 'Pf&mrGjzifh vJuaJG eMuaom ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;udk ab;rS &yfrMunfh
&ufaom t&yfom;rsm;ESifh ol&d,owif;pmwkduf tay:Sd NrdKUawmf0ef OD;buav;? atmufvTwfawmftrwf OD;xGef;
atmif? OD;tdr?f rEav; ol&,
d OD;xGe;f &if? rEav; OD;pHvaS bmf? ykord t
f rwf OD;btke;f wkYdu wG,
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d t
f yk f OD;buav;tcef;ESifh t,f'w
D mcsKyf *VKefO;D apm tcef;rsm;rSm vlem
ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;jzifh jynfhESufvsuf Sdaeonf/ trsKd;om;olemjyKwyfrsm;ESifh ol&d,wyfrsm;u aq;0g;
xnfhay;Muonf/ 'Pf&m jyif;xefaom udkatmifausmfESifh wuG ykZGefawmif jrLeDpDy,fausmif;rS udktkef;az? NrdKUrrS
udkoef;atmif? *syfqifaumvdyfrS udkbvIdifwkdY tygt0if vlemwifum;jzifh aq;HkokdY wokwfNyD; wokwf wifydkYay;
vdkufMuonf/
(ps) wwd,ausmif;om;oydwf*,uf
trsKd;om;olemjyKwyf? NrdKUrolemjyKwyf? rD;owfvlemwifum;rsm;u 'Pf&m&aom ausmif;om;? ausmif;
olrsm;ukd BudK;pm;*kpdkuf o,f,lydkYaqmifjcif;aMumifh vlem[lorQ aq;HkodkY csufcsif;a&mufMu&onf/ aq;Hk
q&m0efrsm;onfvnf; Muifem,k,pGm jyKpkMuavonf/ 'Pf&m&olrsm;\ rcsdrqefYa0'emcHpm; nOf;nL atmf[pfoH
rsm;rSm t0dpDi&Jcef; MunfhjrifMum;od ae&ouJhodkY jzpfaeonf/ ausmif;om;rdb nDtudkarmifESrrsm; vma&mufMu
atmf[pfidka<u; jrnfwrf;aeyHkrSm Mum;&uf Munfh&ufp&m rSday/
ausmif;om;? ausmif;oltm;vkH;udk ykvdyfrsm;u kdufESuf owfjzwfukefNyD? 'Pf&m&oltm;vHk; twHk;tHk;
aq;Hak &mufuek Mf uNyD qkad om owif;rSm vQifjrefpmG ysHUESYH y&dwo
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tdrf? OD;btkef;? ykodrfOD;jrwkdY vma&muf MunfhItm;ay;orI jyKaecsdefwGif eef;&if;0ef a'gufwmbarmf 'Pf&m&
ausmif;om; rsm; rnfrQ rsm;jym;onfudk odvkd ar;jref;&m 'Pf&m&olrsm;rSm*syfqifaumvdyfrS
(1) udkatmifausmf
tkdifat txufwef; (Adv
k af tmifausmf)
(2) udkxGef;Sdef
tkdifat txufwef;
&efukefwuokdvfrS
(3) udkaTarmif
(4) udkodef;vIdif
(5) udkwifarmif
(6) udkwifarmif (2)
tkdifat txufwef;
tkdifat txufwef;
tkdifat txufwef;
bDat txufwef;
187

(7) udkboef;
tkdifat txufwef;
(8) rcifoef;
tkdifat txufwef;
(9) rwifGefY
tdkifat txufwef;
wkdYrSm 'Pf&mjyif;xef twGif;vlemtjzpf Muyfrwfukoae&onf/
188
NrdKYrausmif;rS
(10) armifboef;
(11) armifbdk;OD;
(12) armifvSarmif
(13) armifxGef;pdef
(14) armifpdk;vGif
(15) armifoef;jrifh
(16) armifarmif
(17) atmifoef;jrifh
(18) armifausmfcif
(19) armifodef;aT
(20) armifvSaz
(22ESp)f
(18ESp)f
(21ESpf)
(18ESp)f
(10ESp)f
(17ESp)f
(16ESp)f
(23 ESpf)
(20 ESpf) twGif;vlem
(16 ESpf) twGif;vlem
(17 ESpf)
ausmif;aygif;pHkrS
(21) armifboef;
(22) armif[ef
(23) armifoef;
(24) armifausmfpdef
(25) armifb
(26) armifwifoef;
(27) armifvSarmif
(28) armifarmifBuD;
(29) armifodef;vIdif
(30) armifausmfarmif
(31) armifatmifpdef
(32) armif<u,f
(33) atmifudk
(34) armifxGef;wif
(35) pdefatmifvif;
(36) armifatmifoGif
(37) armifpHvS
(38) armifoef;
(39) pkd;armif
(40) armifwifarmif
(41) armifodef;vIdif
(42) armifSdef
(43) armifusif
(44) cifarmifMunf
(45) ocifboef;
(46) ukdxGef;az
(22 ESpf) &Gmopf urmGwf

(22 ESpf) ppfudkif;ausmif;aqmif
(16 ESpf) [kdufpul;ausmif;
(20 ESpf) 12? 24 vrf;
(28 ESpf) 119? 94 vrf;
(17 ESpf) pdef*Ref;
(18 ESpf) a&ausmf
(18 ESpf) 111? 42 vrf;
(19 ESpf) trSwf 93? a&Tawmifwef;
(20 ESpf) a&ausmf
(25 ESpf) 17? vefupfpwmvrf;
(14 ESpf) pdef*Ref;
(19 ESpf) 115? ppfudkif;ausmif;aqmif
(20 ESpf) pyg,fS,faemfrefausmif;
(14 ESpf) rufo'pfausmif;
(22 ESpf) armif*dkrm&Dvrf;
(20 ESpf) rufo'pf
(20 ESpf) xD;wef;? Munfhjrifwdkif
(24 ESpf) 17? yk*Haqmif
(18 ESpf) pdef*Ref;
(18 ESpf) yif;,aqmif
(18 ESpf) pdef*Ref;
(25 ESpf) 74? armfwifvrf;
(18 ESpf) pdef*Ref;
(28 ESpf) 227? yef;qdk;wef;vrf;
(38 ESpf) 59? prf;acsmif;
udv
YJ efu
(47) armifausmfGefY (19 ESpf) 27? yk*Haqmif
(48) armifudkav;
(21 ESpf) 9? yk*Haqmif
(49) armifwifarmif (21 ESpf) 10? yk*Haqmif
(50) udkbvIdif
(20 ESpf) *syfqifaumvdyf
(51) armifausmftHk;
(17 ESpf) ykZGefawmifjrLeDpDy,fausmif;
(52) armifpHodkuf
(20 ESpf) vrf;rawmfjrLeDpDy,fausmif;
(53) armifausmf
(20 ESpf) ykZGefawmif
(54) armiftkef;az
(20 ESpf) ykZGefawmif
(55) armifbGefY
(19 ESpf) tpkd;&[dkufpul;
(56) armifcspf
(25 ESpf) ausmif;q&m? ykZGefawmifuGufopf
(57) cspfudkvS
(18 ESpf) rufo'pf
(58) armifuef
(22 ESpf) ,leDAmpDwD (twGif;vlem)
(59) armifbaX;
(16 ESpf) ykZGefawmifjrLeDpDy,f (twGif;vlem)
(60) armifwifarmif (20 ESpf) pdef*Ref; (twGif;vlem)
(61) armifausmf
(30 ESpf) 286? pufqef; (twGif;vlem)
(62) armifxGef;wif
(26 ESpf) pyg,fS,faemfrefausmif; (twGif;vlem)
(63) armifbvIdif
(20 ESpf) *syfqifaumvdyf (twGif;vlem)
(64) armifausmf
(20 ESpf) armfwifvrf; (twGif;vlem)
(65) ocifatmifwif (23 ESpf) 63? 7vrf;
(66) armifodef;atmif (24 ESpf) oxHkaqmif
(67) udkxGef;Sdef
(20 ESpf) oxHkaqmif
(68) armifwifarmif (19 ESpf) rufo'pfausmif;
(69) rjrjr
(17 ESpf) 156? 48vrf;? ykZGefawmifjrLeDpyg,f
(70) rapm&D
(18 ESpf) bHkabbm;rm;opfpuf
(71) rpdefpdef
(16 ESpf) bHkabbm;rm;opfpuf
(72) armifpdef
(25 ESpf) trsKd;om;olemjyKwyfzGJU
(73) udkausmfpdef
(26 ESpf) owif;vTmt,f'Dwm (twGif;vlem)
(74) OD;xGef;az
(38 ESpf) Oya'jyKvTwfawmf
vufa&;wkd pma&; (3) OD;rSm OD;acgif;a&m vufyg 'Pf&mtBuD;tus,f &SdNyD; twGif;vlemtjzpf ukoxm;
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trIaqmifrsm;jzpfaom udx
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trJuGufjypfrIBuD;udk ausmif;om;rsm;tay: yHkcsae\/ udkatmifausmfrSm wuokdvfaq;HkwGif Muyfrwfukoaeaomf
vnf; owdr&wcsuf &wcsufjzpfae\/ 'Pf&mjyif;xefvo
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bJ taMumifom;Munfah eonf/ q&m0eftMuHay;csuft& wuov
kd af q;Hrk S aq;HBk uD;odYk ajymif;aTUuko&\/ odYkaomf
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189
GeYf aygif;tpd;k &\ ,kwrf mrIu&kd ifemvsuf MdS u\/ odYkjzifh wwd,ajrmufaeU
wGif 'DZifbm (22) &uf Mumoyaw;aeY? aeYvnf (1) em&D (25) rdepfwiG f OD;
acgif;wGif eHygwfww
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taqmuftODtvHwikd rf S tvHonf wkid w
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k af tmifausmf uG,v
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f &mEke,fonfh
ausmif;om;? ausmif;oluav;rsm;\qEjyrIukd a'gufwmbarmf GeUf aygif;tpd;k &
AsLdu
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ar;oluar;? aq;Ho
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tmZmenf Adv
k af tmifausmf
qkid ;f vdu
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udpE iS hf yufouf owif;"gwfykH wckEiS t
hf wl aMunmcsuf wck xkwcf ahJ vonf/ owif;"gwfyrkH mS ausmif;om;rsm;udk
ykvdyfrsm; dkufaepOf dkuful;xm;aom yHkjzpfonf/ xdkyHkwGif toufraobJ usef&pfcJhygu tjrefqHk; oufaocHpm&if;
oGif;&ef EdI;aqmfwyfvSefY xm;avonf/ xdktcsdefrSm AdkvfatmifausmfaoqHk;rIESifh ywfouf &efukefNrdKU txl;&mZ0wf
w&m;olBuD; OD;pdecf ikd f H;k wGif trIziG phf pfaq;vsuf adS yonf/ atmuf;kH w&m;olBuD;url Adv
k af tmifausmf aoqH;k &jcif;rSm
ykvdyfESifh ausmif;om;rsm; kef;&if;qefcwfjzpf&mrS rawmfwqjzpfonf[k qHk;jzwfxm;onf/
7? 2? 39 aeYxkwf owif;pm pmrsufESm (14) wGif]atmifausmfudk kdufaom wkwfavm}
]ausmif;om;ukd ykvdyfkdufpOfu usKd;NyD; usef&pfaom eHygwfwkwf awGY Ny}D
]if;wkwfudk aocsmpGm ppfaq;&rnf}
ponfh acgif;pOfrsm;jzifh udkA[def;aMunmcsufudk awGU&avonf/
]vGecf o
hJ nfU 'DZifbm (20) &ufaeYwiG f 0efBu;D rsm;H;k teD; ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;ukd jynft
U apcHyv
k yd rf sm;u
eHygwfwkwfjzifU kdufESufMuNyD;aemuf naeydkif;wGif vlwOD;onf ol&d,t,f'Dwm OD;odrf;armifxHokdh vma&mufum
eHygwfwkwf tusKd;wacsmif; ay;oGm;avonf/ xdkeHygwfwkwf tusKd;rSm udkatmifausmfudk kdufojzifU usKd;oGm;aom
eHygwfwkwfjzpfaMumif;} ajymoGm;avonf/
tpk;d &cefYxm;aom pHpk rf;a&;aumfrwDaSUwGif udak tmifausmf toufq;kH H;I &um ausmif;om;aygif; (200)
ausmfwdkY\aoG; ajrodkYusapcJhonfh w&m;cHtppfrsm;udk azmfxkwfjy&ef igwdkYwm0efjzpfonf/
xdYkaMumifh eHygwfww
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A[def;
(Ou|)
Auo
odkY udkatmifausmfudk owfaom w&m;cHudk azmfxkwfEkdif&ef BudK;pm;Muonf/ rEav;NrdKU tmZmenf (17)
OD; onfvnf; ykvyd v
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ud,
k rhf if;ud,
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f nfvnf; ausmif;om;ykvyd t
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jynfxaJ &;XmeodYk pmydYk vu
kd af vonf/ tif;pdeaf xmif bDatwef;wGif a&mufadS eaom ocifav;armif? OD;tmp&d,ESihf
190
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YJ efu
ukvm;? jrefrm (17) a,mufonf vnf;aumif;? aemufxyf a&mufvmaom udAk [de;f wdYk (5) OD;onf vnf;aumif;?
ausmif;om;xk aoG;ajruscJ&h jcif;ESihf ywfouf tpmiwfcH qEjyMuonf/ rauG;axmifdS Ekid if aH &;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESihf
oydwf acgif;aqmifrsm;vnf; tvm;wl tpmiwfcHqEjyMuonf/
(n) udkatmifausmfpmay
vli,f
aeYum; jrefrmjynf uRefouf (53) ESpf wif;wif;jynfhaom aeYaywnf;/ tcsdefum; (9) em&DcefY Sdayrnf/ rdk;um;
wzGJzGJESifh GmvsufSd\/ touf (16) ESpfcefYSdaom vli,fwa,mufonf taqmif;vnf;ryg? rdk;Gmonfudkvnf; *kpkduf[ef
rwl? wa,mufwnf; cyfjznf;jznf;yif or*Hk;odkY a&mufvmayNyD/ wHcg;0odkYa&mufaomtcgaemufodkYwcsufiJh Munfh
vdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf cHkbdeyfudk cRwfvkduf\/ ukwftusudk puefYtenf;i,frQ pkdufMunfhae\/ Munfh&if;rsufESm oabm
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toif;Hk; xJokdY0ifum cRwfxm;aom tusESifh bdeyfudk 0wfvsuf tay:xyfodkY wufoGm;av\/
wzufcef;um; b,folrQrSday? vli,fonf tcef;xJodkY0ifum [kd[kdonfonf avQmufMunfhav\/ vli,f\
rsufvHk;wkdYonf tvif;owif;pmqDokdY a&mufoGm;\/ rsufvHk;ESifh twlwlygoGm;NyD;vQif owif;pmudk,lvsuf ukvm;xkdif
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tjcm;pm&Gufrsm;ESifhrwl? pmvkH;wkdYu tpdrf;a&mifwkdYjzifh ESdyfxm;ukefav\/ vli,f\vufonf &yf oGm;av\/
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zwfNyD;onfhaemufwGif ukvm;xkdifay:wGif acgif;udkiJh rvIyfr,Sufaeawmhav\/
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aSUwGifSdaom owif;pmukd 0g;pm;rwwfpkduf Munfhaeav\/ Munfh&if;Munfh&if; rsufESmrSm ajymif; vmawmh\/
wjznf;jznf; a'goa&mifvTrf; vmawmh\/ rsufvHk;onf us,fus,f vmawmh\/ vlvnf;aSUodkY udkif;vmay\/
xdkYaemuf ]]awmuf}}[k cyfjyif;jyif;acgufcg ae&mrSxvdkuf\/ xNyD;aemuf ab;ywfvnfudk Munfhvdkuf\/ trsKd;om;aeY
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qD;EIwfqufavonf/ vlum;awGvnf; Sday\/ e*kdu a'goa&mifvTrf;aom rsufESmonf ydkwif;rmvmay\/
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ae&majymif; usufpm;aeMujyefav\/ vlwudk,fvHk; acgif;ESifh rsufvHk;rsm;om vIyfvsuf Sday\/
]onf;nnf;cHvQif olhuRefjzpf}
[laompmwrf;onf ol\rsufvHk;udkqD; {nfhcHjyef\/ vli,f\pdwfESifhpmwrf;onf oabmcsif; wkduf[efwl\/
rsufvHk;wdkYonf ydkrdkpl;pkdufvm\/ rsufESmrSmydkrdk cufxefvmay\/ tHoGm;wkdYudk uGJoGm;rwwfBudwfvdkuf\/ uspfuspf
ygatmif qkwfxm;aomvufrSm txufodkY tenf;i,fajrmufvm\/ rsufaphum; ... owif;pmodkY vnfjyefav\/
raS;raESmif;yif ]][if;}} [k oufrudkcsvdkuf\/ owif;pmxJSd"gwfyHkwdkYrSm ,ciftwdkif;yifSdao;\/ pmrsm;um;
vli,f \ pdwfESifh trlt&mudkodMu[efrwl? tBudrfacgif;vSnfhvkdufaomtcg ]aMumufarG;yg Zm*emeJhElwf} [laom
pmwrf;qDodkY rsufrSef;wrf; oGm;av\/ oli,frsufESmonf tenf;i,f NyHK;a,mifa,mif&SdvmNyD;aemuf rsufaphudk
ae&ma&TU oGm;jyefav\/ ]aoG;pkyfaumifawG owfypf} tpSdojzifh a&;xm;onfhpmwrf;BuD;tm; aygufoGm;rwwf
pkduf Munfhaejyefav\/ olYrsufESmonf arSmifrJvmum vlvnf;tenf;i,f wkefvmay\/ rsufESmum; bDvl;0ifouJhodkU
xif&\/ wzefowif;pmudk pl;pkdufMunfh aejyefav\/ MunfhavMunfhav ydk aMumufp&m aumif;vmayawmh\/
raS;raESmif;yif ]]'Hk;}} [k pm;yGJudk vufoD;ESifhxkvsuf ]kid ;f vku
d af vuGm} [kqkdum tcef;wGif;rS kwfw&uf xGufoGm;awmh\/
tcef;wGif;um; ydkrdkwdwfqdwfvsuf usef&pfav\/ pmtkyfrsm;rSm zwfoludk arQmfvsuf SdMuukef\/ trIaqmifrsm;\
"gwfyHkrsm;um; eH&Hay:wGif rvIyfr,Suf wnfjrJwnfvsuf aeay\/
]trsKd;twGuf toufpGefhavmU} [laompmwrf;av;rSm avwkdufojzifh tenf;i,fvIyfoGm;ayawmh\/ tjyifwGif
rdk;um;Gmvsufyif/
udkatmifausmf
191

udkodef;atmif / / a[h bkd;atmifqef;? cifAsm;tm;usNyD; uwHk;Adkvfau xm;wJhvl (2) a,mufawmh SdNyD? udkvSaT
&,f? udkatmifausmf&,fav/
udkatmifqef; / / vGwv
f yfwAhJ rmjynfBuD;rSm uReaf wmftmPmSijf zpf&iftukev
f ;kH uwH;k Adv
k af uxm;zkYd trdeUf ay;r,f/
udkatmifausmf / / uwHk;Adkvfauu xm;wmcsif;wlayr,fh l;wmcsif;awmh udkatmifqef;u omw,f/
udkatmifqef; / / rdkufrJwJhae&musawmh cifAsm;u omygw,f/ cifAsm; kyfudku rIefukwfukwf? ykuGuGeJY/
(#) udkatmifausmfpsmye
192rSwfcsuf- 1940-41 ckESpf? tkd;a0r*Zif; twJG (8)? trSwf (1) rS udkodef;atmif\ ]]uRefawmfodcJhwJh atmifausmf}} aqmif;yg;rS aumufEkwf
azmfjyonf/ (jrefrmowif;qufoG,fa&;enf;ynm tifwmeufpmrsufESmwGif azmfjyxm;csufjzifh wdkufqdkifppfaq;onf/)
Source: ASO
Source: Unknown
udak tmifausmpf smyeukd wkYdArmtpnf;tH;k rS aSUaqmif &efuek pf &D ifpk wkYdArmtpnf;tH;k ? ArmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m
ausmif;om;rsm;or*? wuotrIaqmifrsm;tjyif &efukefausmif;om;rsm; tzGJUtpnf; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? oHCm
awmfrsm;ESihf NrdKUrdNrdKzrsm; yl;aygif; psmyeaumfrwDzUJG pnf;MuNyD; BuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm usif;yonf/ xdt
k wGi;f &efuek Nf rdKU
twGif;Sd wuodkvfESifh txufwef;ausmif;rsm;onf oydwf qufvufarSmufvsuf SdMuNyD; NrdKUrausmif;wGif oydwf
pcef;tjzpf xm;Sdavonf/
'DZifbmv (24) &ufwiG f psmyeaumfrwDonf udak tmifausmf\tavmif;udk aq;HBk uD; a&cJwu
kd rf S wuo
toif;wkdufodkY ydkY&ef xkwf,lMuonf/ xkdodkY xkwf,laepOf ocifpHxGef;vStm; bk&ifcH\ ta&;wBuD;Oya't&
zrf;qD;xm;Muonf/ 'DZifbm (27) &ufaeYwGif udkatmifausmfpsmyeudk MuHawmokefodkY ydkYaqmifMu&ef psmye
aumfrwDu pDpOfNyD; udkatmifausmftm; ol&Jaumif; tmZmenftjzpf ]aersKd;oD[ol& Adkvfatmifausmf} bGJUudk ay;
tyf Muonf/ Adv
k af tmifausm\
f psmyetcrf;tem;wGif zwfMum;&eftwGuf udAk [de;f ? udAk aqG? ocifxed 0f if;? ocifp;kd ?
ocifvSarmifponfh &Jabmfrsm;u t"d|mef pmwrf;wapmif ay;ydkY\/
aeYvnf (2) em&DwGif wuodkvfor*toif;aSUwGif ,leDazmif;0wf wyfom;rsm;u aMuuGJzG,f&m aumif;
avmufatmif c&moHrsm;ESifh udak tmifausmftm; tkt
d aojyKNyD;aemuf kyu
f vmyfukd o,faqmifum ,mOfonf pwif
xGucf mG vmonf/ aSUqH;k rS oHCmawmfrsm;tzGUJ ? oDvSirf sm;? avmu"HtzGUJ rsm;? Armhvuf;kH wyf? &Jwyf? pnf;umuG,f
a&;wyfom;rsm;? trsKd;orD;tzGJUrsm;? 0wftoif;rsm;? owif;pmwkdufom;rsm;? ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;? EkdifiHa&;
tzGJUrsm; yg0ifMuonf/ tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;wkdYu 0rf;enf;aom txdrf;trSwftjzpf 'dkYArmtrsKd;om;tvHESihf a'gif;
tvHrsm;? tvHeufBuD;rsm;udk w0ufvTifhxlum vkdufygvmMu\/
tvHrsm;ay:wGif ]tmZmenfAdkvfatmifausmf igwkdhrarUEkdif}
ponfjzifh pmwrf;rsm; a&;om;xm;Muonf/ jrif;NydKifuGif;rS a*smfuDrsm;yifvQif jrif;pD;t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh
vku
d yf gydYk aqmifMuonf/ MuHawmokefwiG f oHCmawmfrsm;a&mufEiS hf aeMuaomfvnf; vku
d yf gydYk aqmifaom toif;
tzGUJ rsm;ESihf ausmif;om;? ausmif;oly&dowfrsm;rSm wuov
kd o
f r*rS xGu
f rqH;k ao;ay/ 0J,mwGiv
f nf; Munfh o
I nfh
y&dwo
f wfBuD;rSm wk;d raygufavmufatmif Sad yonf/ okefoYkd tavmif;a&mufvQif c&mrsm;udk rIw
f wyfom;rsm;
onf aemufqHk; tdktaojyKMuonf/ ]tmZmenf Adv
k af tmifausm}f [k oH;k Burd w
f idk f a<u;aMumf&m okefBu;D wckv;kH
yJUwifxyf jrnf;[D;oGm;avonf/ Akdvfatmifausmfrdcif a':aTausmh\ toHcsJUpufESifh ajymoHonf Mum;&olwdkYtm;
,lusKH;r& jzpfaponf/
]]wynfah wmf r,f&h ifaoG;av; om;av; armifatmifausmo
f nf vufeufq
kd
tyfwacsmif;? wkwfwwkdrQ rudkif&SmbJvsuf? av;vHaom vufeufBuD;rsm;jzifh
ykvdyfwkdYu kdufESuf aoqHk;&jcif;udk wkdif;oljynfom;rsm;ESifh oHCmawmfrsm;uyif
rcHr&yfEkdifatmif jzpfysufyHkudk axmufIygvQif wynfhawmf? wynfhawmfrvdk udk;v
vG,f q,fvzGm; ,k,cJh&aom rdcif? zcifwkdYtwGuf ajymzG,f&m rSdawmhygbk&m;}}
AuoOu| udv
k aS Tu ]]'Pf&mrsm;&vsuf ol&,
d owif;pmwku
d f tay:rSm
acgif;csif;,SOfNyD; vJaeMupOfu igwkdY trsKd;twGuftaocHr,f? Ou|udk rxdMuapeJY
vdkY &J&JawmufajymoHawG? aq;Hkudk igvma&mufpOfuvnf; udkvSaT uRefawmfwkdY
aSUqufwdkufMu&r,f qkdNyD; ua,mifuwrf;ESifh pGJvrf;pGm ajymaewmawG? yxr
tBudrf tmPmzDqefwkef;u uRefawmfaSUqHk;u taocHNyD; tvHudkifyg&apvdkY ajymcJh
wmawGudk ighem;xJrSm Mum;a,mif? jrifa,mif aeao;w,f? udkatmifausmf &Jabmf\
qEtm; &mZ0ifrSwfwrf; wif&avmufatmif jynfh0cJhygNyD &JabmfwdkY}}
udak tmifausmrhf cd if a':aTausmh
udv
YJ efu
1938 ck? 'DZifbmv (27) &ufaehwiG f MuaH wmokef jyKvyk cf aUJ om Adv
k af tmifausmf psmyetcrf;tem;
NrdKUrq&modef;u psmyeaumfrwDudk,fpm; t"d|mefjyK csD;usL;pmwrf;udk zwfMum;onf/

]]td-k tmZmenf &Jabmfuakd tmifausm?f toifum; vGwv
f yfa&;wdu
k yf w
JG iG f wyfO;D Adv
k rf LS ;tjzpfjzifh igwkYd onf
,aeYup urmwGif ArmwnfaeorQ umvywfvHk; pdwfESvHk;wGif aemufqHk; rSwfpGJwnfjrJapawmh\/ tdk tmZmenf
&Jabmfudkatmifausmf toiftm; rnmrwm dkufESuftyfaom jynfhtapcHykvdyfwdkY\oHwkwfonf igwkdYem;xJ
vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJwGif yg0ifqifEJTMu&ef w&Hrjcm; vIHUaqmfouJhodkY tjrJMum;a,mifapvdrfhtHh/
tdk- tmZmenf&Jabmfudkatmifausmf toif\xkxnfBuD;rm;aom cEDw&m;onf toifhtm; r&PEkdifiHokdY
ydkYaqmifouJhodkY igwkdYArmvlrsdK;wkdY\ tem*wfvkyfief;onf ArmjynfBuD;tm; udk,fhrif;ukd,fhcsif; tjzpfodkY
a&mufatmifydkYaqmif ay;vdrfhtHh/
td-k tmZmenf &Jabmfuakd tmifausmf zdEydS cf sKyfcs,jf cif; yk'rf trsK;d rsK;d wdYkukd onf;cHjcif;vufeufjzifh rqkwrf epf
wkdufzsuf&m toif\rGefjrwfvSaom aojcif;onf jrefrmjynf\ESvHk; vGwfvyfa&;yef;wkdifokdY ydkYaqmifrnfh
aSUajy;erdwfjzpfapvdrfhtHh/
tdk- tmZmenf&Jabmfudkatmifausmf toif\ jrifhjrwfaompdwf"gwf? cdkifjrJaomZGJ? onf;cHEkdifaom owd?
udk,fusKd;rzufaom oabm? toufpGefUpm;aom t&nftcsif;wdkYrS ul;pufavmifNrdKuftyfaom rD;awmufrD;vQH
BuD;onf igwkdYArmwrsdK;om;vHk;\ pdwfESvHk; twGif;0,f tpOfrjywf w[l;[l;w[kef;[kef; awmufavmifapvdrfh
tHhownf;/}}
]]ta&;awmfyHk atmifygap}}
[k ed*Hk;owfMum;um c&moHrsm;jzifh psmyetcrf;tem;udk tqHk;owfvdkufonf/ Adkvfatmifausmf
usqHk;aMumif; owif;onf wr[kwfcsif; jynfvHk;uRwfysHUESYHum a&eHoydwfBuD; jynfNrdKUodkY qkdufa&mufcsdefESifh
wdkufqkdifonfh tavsmuf xdkjynfNrdKUSd oydwfwyfzGJYwckvHk; 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ txdrf;trSwfjzifh (1)&ufrQ csDwufyGJudk
&yfem;um tpmiwfcHqEjyMuonf/
193
Adkvfatmifausmf ewfoH
pmtkyfu,frS uavmifav - odyHtaygif;? 0dumatmif;onfh
ausmif;rsm;acgifu
Adkvfatmifi,frS rnfwifh
ausmfwqifhESifh? rif;rifhaemifnD/
ig - - Zmenfudk? vmNyDBudKMu/
oajyyef;ESifh a&csrf;aqmifum
atmifpnfpavmh/
ESri,f jzLjzL?
ynmpD;yGm;? pGrf;tiftm;ESifh
tifvsm;olwkdY
igrltp? aS;b0u
ESrwdkYES,f
aysmfaysmfyg;yg;? [kdonfoGm;vdkY
Mum;cJhw,f/
/
aemif0,faomcg
ighrd? ighb uRefb0udk
jrif&ravsmf? pdwfraysmff
&Jabmftrsm;? opmtm;ESifh
MudK;pm&mwGif? MurmighuH/
wvlYb0?IrvSatmif
ighudk,fcH? &efolvufeuf
qHwdkqHawmif;? bmraqmif;onhf
ighacgif;xufrSm? qufumqufum
0if;0if;vQHawmuf? rl;armfaemufatmif
usa&mufvmaomf ighrSmrcsd
bk&m;u,fyg? atmfjrnfygvnf;
uGmowdESifh? igrd&ifcGif
ajrjyifwGif? igvQifvJ
atmifyGJcHonf? EkdifiHomaMumif;
igqkawmif;rnf aomif;odef;oef;ausmf
wdkY&JabmfwdkY /
/
rif;ok0Pf
194
udv
YJ efu
(X)
'dkhausmif;om;oDcsif;
pma&;ol- aTwdkifGefh
( w&m;vrf;aMumif; aumif;wmudk&nf rSef&moabmeJh ajymyg&ap? ausmif;om;csif; toif;awmf
udkwnf MuHaqmiforQawG atmif&rnf )2
uRefynmy,fzsufrnf? wu,frrufonf? y,fzsufrnf? onfynm 'dkYrvdkNyD tydkbJ xifawmhonf?
ocifynmSmpdkYtwnf igwdkYjynf? SmpdkYtwnf vkyfudkifumpm;Ekdifonf? xiftSm;wufvrf;rSD?
odkYrSomyiftwnf? om;auR;rI? r,m;auR;rI wckynm udk,fpDygEkdifrnf/
(oHNydKif) ( urmrSm omwnf? wufvlrsm;pGefhpm;NyD; ArmtmZmenf? ausmif;om;awG aqmifGufrnf )2
( ckaetcgrSm 'dkhArmjynf? ta&;BuD;vmaygh twnf )2 atmf - - aoG;pnf;ygawmhrnf - or*
aSUaqmifcsufudk rysufatmifMuHpnf ( nDap-nDr,f )2 wu,fhwu,fwef;nD ( wdkhausmif;om; )2
wdkYausmif;olrsm; pGefYpm;zdkYawmfNyD/
1/
wdkif;jynfta&; aqG;aEG;rnf? at;at;awmhjzifh raeEkdifonf? wdkYArmtaygif; aumif;pm;rnf?

ausmif;om;rsm;u aqmifGufNyD ( owdcJrdkh ETJrnf? wdkh&JabmfyDyD )2
[ a[h ] toufudkvJ pGefY0Hhonf trsKd;bmom? omoemtwGuf udk&nf - - /
(oHNydKif) urmrSmomtwnf - - ( wdkYausmif;om; )3 rsm; pGefYpm;bdkYawmfNyD/
2/
3/
( vGwfvyfap&ef {uefrvGJNyD? ZGJoef&rnf? ausmif;om;MuH&if cHEkdifkd;vm;? BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrnf )

tjrJaemfaumif;bkdYom ,HkMunf? &Jabmftaygif;wkdYyg pHknD? *kPfwufatmif MuHaqmifrnf?
ausmif;om;rsm; pdwfxm;nD? tm;xkwfMuawmhonf? rkcsyif atmifEkdifrnf/
'dkhausmif;om;oDjcif;
pma&;ol- aTnmarmif
(1) 'kdYArmjynf0,f . . qefa&pyg;&,fausmufoHywjrm;&,f . . aygrsm;ygvsuf? vGwfvyfa&;eJYa0;cJhavw,f .
. rGefjrefrmrsm;r,f? vGefpGmSm;w,f . . rcsrf;omEkdifawmhw,f/ rdbrsm; . . qif;&J,ifuG,f? 'kdYausmif;om;awG
vlwef;aphatmif raeEkid Mf uzG,/f uRefynmoif&,ifjzif?h ausmif;xGu,
f if tvkyrf rhJ ,f? 'dYk ArmawG xrif;0atmif
rpGrf;aqmifEkdifbl;wu,f? ocifynm&atmif 'dkYArmrsm; BudK;pm;MuapzG,f/
(0dik ;f qd)k ausmif;om;or*toif;BuD;&,f? 'dYk ausmif;om;rsm;&JU? pnf;H;k &m pka0;&m tm;pk&m atmifajr rSeaf yw,f
(ausmif;om;rsm;wdkh&,f)2 ocifynm&atmif or*aSUaqmifcsufudkry,f . . nDGwfpGm trSefwu,f raSmifwrf;
atmifyef;qGwfzdkYG,f/
(2) 'kdYausmif;om;&Jabmf . . AdkvfatmifausmfeJY &wemyHkaTref;NrdKU&,fu tmZmenfrsm;
(ta&;awmfyHkBuD;0,f - wyfOD;u usqHk;cJUw,f)2 'dkYausmif;om;rsm;&,f? trsKd;twGuf wu,f - 'dkYtoufudk
zufGufavmufyif rrIcJhygawmhw,f . . /
(3) &JabmfwkdY . . ta&;BuD;avNyD - aoG;pnf;MuygpdkY . . tcsufus PfajrmfaxmufzG,f - or*
tvHawmfatmuf0,f - Armhvw
G v
f yfa&;udk 'kYd aoG;cJeYJ wnfaqmufr,f/ MuHMh uHch idk cf idk ?f r,dik rf ,dr;f bJ 'dYk pw
d Zf &JG ,f
- ocifynmudk-ocifynmudk - r&vQif - r&vQif - &atmif,lpkdYuG,f/
ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;u wuodkvfor* *Dwya'omuyGJwckusif;y 'dkYausmif;om;oDcsif; (2)

yk'fudk tqdkygyGJwGif oDqdkjyMuyg&ef pDpOfMuonf/ xdkoDcsif;teuf aTwdkifGefYonf wD;0kdif;tpHkESifhvmaomfvnf;
aTnmarmifocD sif;udrk l udak X;NrdKif ('*kew
f m&m) u pE,m;wD;? udo
k ck ('gdu
k w
f m OD;okc) u pnf;vku
d w
f ;D ay;onf
rSwcf su-f aTnmarmif\ ]'dkhausmif;oDjcif;}udk (wuodkvfausmif;om;a[mif; aTnmarmifa&;onfh ]]wuodkvfrS aw;wyk'f}}?
&efukefwuodkvfESpf 50 jynfh? 1970? pm-118? 199) rS jyefvnfwdkufqdkifppfaq;NyD; rl&if;twdkif;azmfjyonf/
195

oDcsif;qdkyGJNyD;aomtcg ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; csufjcif; tpnf;ta0; xkdifMuonf/ oDcsif; (2) yk'fpvHk;udk
'dkYausmif;om; oDcsif;tjzpf vufcHvkdufonf/
(!) ref;tmZmenf (17) OD; ta&;awmfyHk

1938 wGif ref;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;onf &efukefwuodkvfrS ausmif;om;tmPmSif udkvSaT?
ref;OypmaumvdyfrS pmar;yGJatmifoGm; &efukefwuodkvfwGif qufvuf ynmoifMum;aeaom udkodef;atmifwkdY
acgif;aqmif ausmif;om;oydwBf uD;udk ulno
D nft
h aeESihf oydwaf rSmufjyefonf/ rEav;NrdKUwGif xkwx
f m;aomyk'rf
(144) wdkufzsuf&ef pdkif;jyif;aeMuonf/ e,fcsJUqefYusif awmfvSefa&;yk'fr (144) wkdufzsufa&;t& rEav;pD&ifpk
wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;onf vQdKU0SufpGm pDpOfaeavonf/ yk'fr (144) wkdufzsufa&;wGif rEav;NrdKU vlxkBuD;w&yfvHk;
yl;aygif;yg0ifvm&ef &[ef;ysKdtzGJYBuD;uvnf; tm;oGefBudK;yrf;vsuf Sdonf/ yk'fr (144) t"dyg,frSm qlylvIyfSm;rI?
t"dukPf;jzpfrI ponfwkdYudk ray:ayguf rjzpfyGm;ap&ef BudKwifwm;qD;xm; aom Oya'jzpfonf/
ref;Oypmaumvdyfor* udkatmif? udkcifndKESifh udkMunfarmif (aemif 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD; jrifhatmif) wkdYyg0if
aom oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;rsm;or*onf &[ef;ysKdtzGJUtm; acgif;aqmifay;&ef dkaopGmavQmufxm; yefMum;NyD;
aemuf wdkYArmtpnf;tHk; ocif? ocifrrsm;ESifhvnf; NrdKUvlxktm; odrf;oGif;pnf;Hk;vsuf Sdonf/ NrdKUvkH;uRwf
vlxq
k EjyyGBJ uD; usif;y&efEiS hf ausmif;om;rsm; tpnf;ta0;ESihf qEjyyGu
J kd tultnDay;&eftwGuf &efuek w
f uov
kd rf S
udkausmfNidrf;udk apvTwfvdkufaomfvnf; udkausmfNidrf;rSm rEav;NrdKUa&mufNyD;umrS &efukefwGif udpa y: tvQiftjref
jyefomG ;&ojzifh &efuek w
f uov
kd f ausmif;om;tzGUJ rS udv
k aS rmif (Akv
d af Z,s? &Jabmfo;kH udsyf) udk xyfraH pvTwcf o
hJ nf/
udv
k aS rmifrmS ref;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm; OD;pD;aom rEav;ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;ESihf vufww
JG u
dk yf 0JG ifco
hJ nf/
rEav;NrdKUBuD;onf NidrfoufaeNyD[k trsm;atmufarhaeMuonfh tawmtwGif; tmPmSifudkvSaT\
atmufyg trdefYxGufvmaomtcg vIyfvIyfGGjzpfvmonf/
ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;or*
xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf
(trSwf 36)
ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*
txufyg trdefYaMunmpmudk MunfhvQif ae&mvyfudkom vlwdkif;rsufpdwGif jrifMu&\/ odkY&mwGif tdajE
raqmifEkdifatmif MuufoD;arG;nif;xaeonfh ykvdyfawmfrif;wkdY\ tE&m,fjyKap&ef xkwfaomtrdefY[k jrifvm
[efwlojzifh(1) "gwfpufHkESifh "gwf&xm;rsm;ydwfapjcif;?
(2) t*FvdyftvkyfwkdufawG ydwfapjcif;?
(3) blwmHkudk ppfwyftapmifh xm;jcif;?
(4) bPfwkdufrsm;udk ydwfapjcif;?
(5) *gwfawGudk tapmifhppfwyf xm;jcif;?
(6) eef;awmfBuD;twGif; jrefrm r0if&jcif;?
(7) vufeufa&mif;aom wdkufudk aTUapjcif;?
ponfh pDrHcsuf ykvdyfawmfrif;rsm;\tjrifus,faom rSefbDvl;rsufvHk;rsm;aMumifh azaz:0g&Dv (8) &uf
aeYu NrdKU&Gm xdwfvefY ajcmufjcm;&onfomru ausmif;om;ESifh &[ef;awmfrsm;udk zrf;qD;&eftwGuf t*Fvdyf ppf
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;? ppfAdkvfuav;? ukvm;ppfAdkvf? ucsifppfAdkvf? ujym;ppfAdkvf vlrsKd;pHkyg0ifaom ppfonfawmfrsm;pGmudk
rEav;NrdKU csxm;avonf/ if;tjyif(1) tdrfomud tdrfomMum;u acsmif;ajrmif; Munfh jriforQudk tpD&ifcHjcif;?
(2) refusnf;yifay:rS nOfheufoef;acgif acsmif;ajrmif; idkufjrnf;NyD;vQif tpD&ifcHjcif;?
196
udv
YJ efu
(3) vufbuf&nfqidk ?f umzDqidk rf sm;wGif *syd;k xd;k [ef xkid Nf yD; ykvyd rf eS ;f odou
l kd ajcmufv;kH ? vSeYf v;kH rsm;ay;
owif;rSef[k pHkaxmufwkdYu xif tpD&ifcHjcif;?
(4) uav;oli,f vlrr,fwkdYudk ar;jref; uav;rsm; ajymorQudk tpD&ifcHjcif;?
(5) waeYwrl;ay; wpfrl;wef pHkaxmufwkdY ajymorQudk tpD&ifcHjcif;?
(6) rdef;rxdef;u tE&m,fuif;&ef tvdkYiSm avmuGwfacsmf ay;aom owif;udk tpD&ifcHjcif;?
ponfjzifh rzG,fr&m tkef;oD;a<uoHudk ajrNydK[efvkyf ay;onfh owif;aMumifh NrdKUGmajcmufjcm; tqr
wef aiGukef&acsonf/
xdktcsdef rEav;ta&;ydkif rpwmvuf? &mZ0wf0ef rpwma&;wdkYonf &efukefNrdKU? jynfxJa&;Xme wm0efcH
rsm;ESihf wku
d f u
dk f qufo,
G u
f m rEav; Ekid if aH &;tajctaeudk aeYpOf tpD&ifcaH eMu&onf/ 1300 jynf?h wydYkwv
JG qkwf
(5) &uf (8? 2? 39) wGif ausmif;om;wdYk oydwXf mecsKyf vkyx
f m;aom rEav;NrdKU? A[kt
d rsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;udk
ppfwyfjzifh0kdif;NyD; oydwfarSmufausmif;om; acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfaom1/ udkcsefxGef; (A[dktrsKd;om; txufwef;ausmif;)?
2/ udkMunf (aygufNrdKifausmif;om;)?
3/ udu
k akd v; (0ufpvD ausmif;om;) wkYd tm; zrf;qD;oGm;avonf/ wcsdew
f nf;rSmyif &[ef;ysKdacgif;aqmif
rsm; jzpfaom eef;OD;wdkufrS aTrsufrSef OD;MobmoESifh tmZmenfOD;okre wkdYudkvnf; zrf;qD;vdkufMuonf/
wydkYwGJvjynfhausmf (6) &ufaeYxJu trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;wGifvnf;aumif;? tdrfawmf&mapwD
&ifjyifay:Sd (14) cef; Z&yfwGifvnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;? ocifacgif;aqmifrsm;onf &[ef;ysKdtzGJU
trIaqmifq&mawmftcsKdUESifh vQKdU0SufaqG;aEG;yGJrsm; nvHk;aygufusif;ycJhonf/ pHkaxmufrsm;onf tdrfawmf&mapwD
&ifjyifodkY rvm0HhMubJ ajrmufzufaygufESifh taSUzuf taygufrsm;rS apmif;yg;&dyfacs tuJcwfaeMuonf/ odkY&mwGif
rEav;NrdKU av;jyif? av;&yfwiG u
f m; wdYk Armtpnf;tH;k 0if ocifrsm;? ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;u &yfuu
G w
f m0efcH
wkdYudk reufjzef eHeuf (8) em&DwGif tdrfawmf&mapwD &ifjyifSd (14) cef; Z&yftwGif; vlpkum yk'fr (144) tmPm
zDqefa&; vrf;avQmuf csDwufqEjyrnf jzpfaMumif; owif;aumif;yg;&if; pnf;Hk;jcif; jyKMuonf/ &[ef;ysKdtzGJUrS
xkwfa0aom aMunmcsufrsm; yvlysHatmif a0iSMuonf/
1300 jynf?h wydYk wv
JG jynfah usmf (6) &ufaeY? (1) em&DcefY tcsed w
f iG f rEav;NrdKU r[mavmu&HoD tdraf wmf&m
bk&m;twGif; (14) cef;Z&yfBuD; rEav;NrdKU ausmif;om;rdbrsm;ESifh NrdKUvkH;uRwftpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;rSmtxl;tqdk (1)
(u) Ak'b
mom ArmwdYk\ pdwEf v
S ;kH udk ,lMuHK;r& xdcu
kd ef musiv
f MS uyg Ak'b
mom0ifwYdk\ 0wuajrtwGi;f
rnfonfh vlrsKd;rqdk rnfonfhudpE SifhrQ tcgraG; bdeyfpD; rwuf&efOya'udk jynfydkiftpdk;&wkdYu twnfjyKvkyf
ay;&ef tqdkudk aejynfawmfcspf &[ef;ysKdtzGJU OD;ukrm&u tqdkwifoGif; cifruefwdkuf OD;ar@u axmufcH
aMumif;? uefYuGufolrSd twnfjyKaMumif;?
(c) azazmf0g&Dv (8) &uf eHeuf (4) em&DtcsdefwGif pHausmif;wkduf tmZmenfOD;okre toQifjrwfudk zrf;qD;
pOfu pHkaxmuftifpywfawmf a';Apfonf ykvdyfbdeyf pD;eif; tdrfxJodkY 0ifa&mufjcif;udk tpdk;&u av;av;
eufeuf ta&;,lap&ef tqdkudk eef;OD;wkduf OD;nmedaEmbmo (oHvufoD;) u wifoGif; bk&m;BuD;wkduf
apmifhaSmufa&; &[ef;ysKdtzGJY OD;ukrm&u axmufcH twnfjyKaMumif;?
Auotoif;csKyfBuD;rS awmif;qkx
d m;aom tqdrk sm;udk xyfawmif; (Armjynfv;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm;
vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;BuD; enf;wl) rEav;NrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;u wnDwnmwnf;? woHwnf;
awmif;qdkaMumif;/
tqdk (2)
(u) vGefcJhaom 'DZifbm (20) &ufaeY eHeufwGif &efukefNrdKU udkatmifausmfESihf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;
'Pf&m& tmZmenf Adkvfatmifausmf aoqHk;cJh&jcif;twGuf pHkprf;a&;cHkorm"dtzGJUwckudk &ufrqGJbJ tjrefac:
ay;&ef Armjynfv;kH qkid &f m ausmif;om;rsm; vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;BuD; enf;wl NrdKUvH;k uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;u
awmif;qdkaMumif;?
197

(c) ArmjynfvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;vTwfawmfu awmif;qdkonfudk rEav;NrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;
ta0;BuD;u awmif;qdkaMumif;?
(8) txufyg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk tus,fw0ifh a&;om;Sif;vif; e,for*toD;oD;u yHkESdyf awma&m
NrdKUygrusef urf;vSrf;a0iS&ef oabmwlnDaMumif;/
tqdk (3)
NrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;tNyD;wGif pnf;urf;ao0yfpGm vrf;avQmufMu&ef tqdkwifoGif;aMumif;/
tqdk (4)
,ckt*Fvdyftpkd;&wdkYu Armjynftm; ay;tyfxm;onfh tkyfcsKyfa&;topfrSm tESpfryg tumtwdjzpfNyD;
ArmjynfdS tvkyo
f rm;? v,form;? qif;&Jom;wdYk \ aumif;usKd;udk zefw;D ray;Ekid f rkH Qru ArmvlrsKd; tcsif;csif;
aoG;uGo
J nfxuf uGaJ prnfh pepfq;dk rsm; Sad eonfukd NrdKUvH;k uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;u vH;k 0 axmufcyH gaMumif;?
vuf
dS eG Yf aygif;tpd;k & rwnfw&hH eftwGuaf omfvnf;aumif;? Ekwx
f u
G o
f mG ;&eftwGuaf omfvnf;aumif;?
twkduftcHrS t,HktMunfrSd tqdkwifoGif; GefYaygif;tpdk;& jyKwfusa&;udkaomfvnf;aumif; tjrefqHk;
BudK;pm;Mu&ef/
tqdk (5)
t*FvdyfwdkY Armjynfudk vma&muf odrf;ydkufpOfuwnf;u ArmjynfSdtdrfwGif; pufrIvufrI trsKd;rsKd;wdkY
wdrfaum yaysmufoGm;onfrSm ,aeYwkdifatmifyif jzpf ,cktcg ArmjynfSd awmifolv,form; qif;&Jom;rS
p? ypnf;OpmckdifvHkaom yk*dKvfrsm;txd EkdifiHjcm;rS wifoGif;aom ukefacsmrsm; oHk;pGJaeMujcif;aMumifh Armjynf
aiGrsm; waeYxufwaeY EkdifiHjcm;odkY avsmhqif;onfudk awGU&aMumif;/ t"du csdKU,Gif;csufudk umuG,f&ef
ArmvlrsKd; rSeforQ1/ ArmtrsKd;om;qkdifrsm;udk tm;ay;&ef?
2/ wdkif;&if;jzpfukefypnf;rsm;udkom tm;ay;&ef?
3/ EkdifiHjcm;jzpf roHk;vQifaeEkdifonfh ypnf;rsm;udk wjynfvHk;u oydwfarSmufatmif ausmif;om;rsm;
aqmifGuf&ef NrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;u oabmwlnDaMumif;?
4/ trSwf (3) tqdEk iS f yh ufouf oydwaf rSmuf&rnfh ukeyf pn;f pm&if; a&;qG&J ef Auo trIaqmiftzGUJ odYk
vHk;0tmPm vTJtyf&ef NrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;u oabmwlnDaMumif;?
5/ txufyg qH;k jzwfcsurf sm; xdxad &mufa&muf aqmifu
G Ef idk &f ef rEav;NrdKUvH;k uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;u
wuoESifh AuotrIaqmif (2) zGJUtm; tmPmukef vTJtyfaMumif;?
pDwef;vrf;avQmuf&ef tcsdefrSdawmh ojzifh reufjzef eHeuf (11) em&Dxdk; aTUqdkif;vkdufonf/
rEav;vlxo
k nf yxraomf yk'rf (144) tmPmzDqefa&; tpDtpOfrmS vQKdU0Supf mG usdw
f MuHcahJ omfvnf;
pdwfcs&aom tcsdefa&mufonfESifh wNydKifeuf ajymifajymifwif;wif; vIyfSm;vmMuonf/ tkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmydkifrsm;
uvnf; pepfwus wm0efcGJa0 BudKwifjyKjyifoifhonfrsm;udk pDrHxm;Muonf/ rEav;aq;HkBuD;wGif vlemwif
ukwifrsm; toifhjyifxm;onf/ ppfykvdyftzGJUxHrS ,HkMunfpdwfcs&qHk;aom wyfom;rsm;udk aG;cs,fvsuf tqifoifh
,leDazmif;0wfum trdefYvdkufem&ef (24) em&D wm0efcsxm;onf/
1300 jynfh? wydkYwGJvqef; (7) &ufaeYwGif y&0PftwGif; vl (2) odef;ausmf pkrdaeMuNyD/ tdrfawmf&m
apwDwHwkdif;twGif; aemufxyfr0ifEkdifatmif jynfhMuyfvsufSdonf/
&[ef;ysKdtzGJU Ou| q&mawmf OD;uvsmPonf &[ef;yk*dKvf? vlyk*dKvfwdkYtm; rJcs tpDtpOfwus
xm;avonf/ taMumif;rSm e,fcsJUtpdk;& ppfwyfESifh &ifqkdif&ef olYxufigaSUqHk;u csDwufaecsifMu jzpfonf/
tzGUJ tpnf;wkid ;f u aSUqk;H rS csw
D ufvo
kd nf? raMumufrGUH aemufrwGeYfaom ZGo
J wEd iS hf Armhpw
d "f mwf &ifu
h sucf ikd rf mrIudk
e,fcsJUNAdwo
d Qtm; tNydKiftqkid f jyovdo
k nf/ yk'rf (144) tmPmzDqefa&; vrf;avQmuf csDwuf&m &[ef;tzGJU0if
(6) yg; aSUqHk;rS csDwuf&ef rJusonf/ 'kwd, &[ef;tzGJY0if (10) yg;? wwd, ausmif;om;or*? pwkw wdYk Arm
198
udv
YJ efu
Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy
199
200
udv
YJ efu
tpnf;tH;k tzGJU0if ocif? ocifrrsm;? yr &yfuu
G v
f x
l t
k zGUJ tpnf;? qXr tvkyo
f rm;tzGUJ ? owr v,form;tzGJU?
t|r aps;olaps;om;tzGJU ponfjzifhrJusonf/ aSUqkH; &[ef;awmfrsm;onf okH;a&mifjc,ftvHudk udkifum (26)
bDvrf;ay:odkY a&mufvQif taSUpl;pl; vrf;rBuD;twkdif; a<u;aMumfoHrsm; qlnHpGm a<u;aMumfcsDwufvm Muonf/
]"eSiftpdk;& - ysufpD;ygap}
]zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI yk'fr (144) tvdkrSd}
]rD;wkwf? rD;wkwf - IdY ? IdY}
]ocifrsKd;a[U - 'dkhArm}
]ta&;awmfyHk atmifygap}
wyfOD;rS &[ef;awmf (6) yg;onf tvHawmfESifhtwl (81) vrf;udk jzwf aMu;eef;Hk; awmifbufESifh
,ck aTwdkufkyfSifHk ajrmufbufMum; a&mufaomtcg ajcvSrf;qHk; &yfvdkufonf/ taMumif;rSm 0g;&if;wkwfudkif
yefcsmyDwyf aSUrS ta&;ydkifvuf (Mr. H.N. Lett) ESifh &mZ0wf0efa&; (Mr. C. H. Raynes) wdkYu jyefqkwf&ef
t*Fvyd b
f momjzifh wa,mufwvSnhf trdeYf ay;um Budrw
f w
k u
f av; ud,
k pf u
D ikd v
f suf w&rf;&rf; vkyaf eMuaomaMumifh
yifjzpfonf/
wyfOD;acgif;aqmif &[ef;ysKdwpfyg;uvnf;
]]igwkYd rmS bmvufeufrS rygbl;/ igwkYd ukd zdEydS cf sKyfcs,fNyD; rw&m;xkwx
f m;wJh yk'rf (144) jyefyk o
f rd ;f ay;zdYk
qEjyw,f/ igwkdY Ou| q&mawmftrdefYt& pnf;urf; aoao0yf0yfeJY pDwef;vrf;avQmufw,f? igwdkY rif;wdkYudk
&efrrlbl;}}
ta&;ydkifvufu
]]'Dvrf;udk rvmygeJY aSUudk rwdk;&bl;? jyefqkwfoGm;yg}}
wyfOD; &[ef;ysKdu
]]aSUwdk;zdkY rwdk;zdkY igwdkYOu|xH trdefYcHOD;r,f}}
&mZ0wf0efa&;u
]]aemufrqkwf&if aoewfESifh ypf&vdrfhr,f}}
t*FvdyfrsufESmjzL ta&;ydkifESifh &mZ0wf0efwdkYonf (1) rdepfcefY tcsif;csif;&yf pum;ajymavonf/ xdkY
aemuf yefcsmyDwyfaSUrS [kdbufonfbuf ul;ajymif; avQmufaeMuonf/ olonf wyfOD;acgif;aqmif &[ef;ysdK
ajymjcif;udk em;vnfonf? em;rvnfonfrl rod? wyfOD;acgif;aqmif &[ef;ysKdtzGJU &yfaomae&mESifh ta&;ydkifvufwdkY
cGJxm;aom ae&mrSm jyw0ufcefYyJ a0;onf/
ta&;ydkifvufrS
]]aemufjyefqkwfoGm;yg? aemufrqkwf&if aoewfeJYypfNyD; vlpkcGJ&vdrfhr,f}}
wyfOD;&[ef;ysKdu
]]igwdkY Ou|xH oGm;NyD; trdefYemcH&OD;r,f/}}
xdkpOf ta&;ydkifbufrS 0g;&if;wkwfudkif yefcsmyDwyfonf aemufqkwfoGm;NyD; dkifz,faoewfwyf ae&m,l
onf/ oydwfwyfzGJUrsm;onf pdwftm;wuf<upGmESifh a<u;aMumfoHrsm;udk oHukef[pfvsuf qlyGufaeMuonf/ wyfOD;rS
&[ef;awmfonf tdrfawmf&mapwD twGif; tpDtpOf ae&mcsxm;ay;aeaom Ou| q&mawmfOD;uvsmPxH trdefY
emcH&ef tvsiftjref xGufvmcJhonf/ xkdtcsdefrSmyif kdifz,faoewfoHrsm; xGufvmonf/
&[ef;awmf (7) yg; ajray:odkY vJusoGm;awmfrlonf/ odkY&mwGif tvHudkif &[ef;awmfrSm aoewfxdrSef
ajray:odYk vJusomG ;aomfvnf; tvHwidk u
f m; ajrodYk rcacs/ tvHwidk u
f kd ycH;k ESihf az;rvsuf rwfrwfaxmif aeaponf/
rdrdudk,fwGif aoewfxdrSefvsuf a0'emcHpm;ae&ygvsuf rmefravsmhaom 0D&d,? ZGJwdkYjzifh awmfvSefa&;tvH ajrrc
atmif xdef;odrf;awmfrlEkdifjcif;rSm Armhordkif;wGif armfuGef;wifxkdufonfh tmZmenfol&Jaumif; r[kwfygavm/
wyfOD;rS &[ef;awmf (7) yg; ajray:odkY vJusoGm;onfESifh wNydKifeuf tawGUtMuHKrSdaom vlxkrSm
kwfkwfoJoJjzpfum aemufodkY SJoGm;avonf/ ausmif;om;? t&yfom; (5) a,mufaoewf xdrSefjyefavonf?
vltkyfxJrS ausmif;om;? tvkyform;? v,form; (4) OD; 'Pf&m&onf/ vltkyfxJrS ukefonfBuD; OD;bvGef;rSm
ae&mwGif yGJcsif;NyD; aoqHk;oGm;cJhonf/ &[ef;awmf (7) yg;udk zrf;qD;cHvkduf&onf/
zrf;qD;cHvkduf&aom &[ef;awmf (7) yg;
(1) OD;em&'
- rpdk;&drfwdkuf
201

(2) OD;Mobmo
(3) OD;aumae,s
(4) OD;awb0E
(5) OD;nmedaEmbmo (oHvufoD;udk,fawmf)
(6) OD;ukrm&
(7) OD;OyE
rSm 'Pf&mr&SdbJ tzrf;qD;cH&avonf/
aoqHk;olrsm;rSm (Adkvf 17OD;)
(1) OD;y@dw
(2) OD;ynmaZmw
(3) OD;a0ykv
(4) OD;Zedw
(5) OD;tmavmu
(6) OD;auvm
(7) OD;auwk
(8) AdkvfbaX;
(9) AdkvfvSarmif
(10) Adkvfwifatmif
(11) Adkvfrl
(12) AdkvfxGef;atmif
(13) Adkvfatmifxl;
(14) Adkvfcifarmif
(15) AdkvfxGef;td
(16) AdkvfbvGef;
(17) Adkvfcifarmif (ac:) aTdk;
- rdk;aumif;wkduf
- cifruefwkduf
- qDrD;xGef;ausmif;wkduf
- Aef;armfwkduf
- taSUjyif
- r[mtmZmenftzGJU
- ukodEmHkwdkuf
- a*G;csKdwdkuf
- wlarmif;wdkuf? tr&yl&
- pukwkduf
- aiGawmifwkduf
- cifruefwdkuf
- qifwJwkduf
- 0ufpvD[kdufpul;ausmif;om;
- edAmeausmif; ausmif;om;
- trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;om;
- cHkawmfrif;0if;? aMu;eef;Hk;ajrmufbuf
- qkdif;wef;
- 'udP0ef rvGefausmif; ausmif;om;
- omoedu,k0toif;om;
- r&rf;jcH? ukefonf
- o&ufwyifGm
- wkyfwef;&yf? ausmif;om;
(aq;HkwGif 8 &uftMumrS aoqHk;oGm;onf/)
'Pf&m&olrsm;rSm
aoewfypfc&H ojzifh 'Pf&mtBuD;tus,&f So
d rl sm;? aq;Hw
k ufa&mufae&m 'Pf&maysmufuif;ol atmufyg
(4) OD;tm; rEav;axmifBuD;odkY ,laqmifoGm;avonf/
1/ OD;EJGUBuD;
- xD;0if;
2/ umumqif (ac:) armifboef;
- uJvD
3/ armifatmifodef;
- aygufNrdKif
4/ armifvSjrifh
- trsKd;om;ausmif;
aq;HkwGif usef&Sdolrsm;rSm
1/ udkvSarmif
2/ ocifaT (ac:) *VKefaT
3/ OD;bapm
4/ armifaX; (ac:) armifaz
5/ OD;Owr
6/ OD;aumov
7/ OD;wdavmu
8/ armifcifarmif
202
- &efukefor*udk,fpm;vS,f
- qkdif;wef;
- aq;q&m? pdefyef;
- r*Fvmaps;
- eef;OD;wkduf
- awmiforefwkduf
- qDrD;xGef;wkduf
- xD;0if;
udv
YJ efu
9/ armifoef;
- aumvdyfwdkYjzpfonf/
aemufaeY azazmf0g&Dv (11) &uf (12) &ufaeYwGif &[ef;ysKdtzGJU Ou| q&mawmf OD;uvsmP? rEav;NrdKU
ausmif;om;or* Ou| udkatmif? A[kdtrsKd;om;ausmif;rS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkausmf0if;ESifh tcsKdUtm; zrf;
qD; vkdufonf/
(1) udkcsefxGef; (ocifcsefxGef;)
- A[kdtrsKd;om;ausmif;
(2) udkatmifausmf0if; (ocifausmf0if;)
- A[kdtrsKd;om;ausmif;
(3) udkMunf
- aygufNrdKifausmif;
(4) udkudkav;
- 0ufpvDausmif;
(5) aTrsufrSef OD;Mobmo
- &[ef;ysKdtzGJY
(6) tmZmenfOD;okre
- &[ef;ysKdtzGJY
wdkUtm; axmif (1) ESpfpDvnf;aumif;? q&mawmfOD;uvsmPESifh ukdatmifwkdYtm; axmif (2) ESpfpD tjypf
ay;vkdufonf/
() ref;tmZmenf (17) OD; psmyetcrf;tem;

armfuGef;0ifoDcsif;
oem;p&m? trsm;wumaumif;bkdY&nf? ZmwdrmefpGrf;wJh ref;NrdKU&wemyHkjynf? vGwfvyfapaMumif;
udk&nf - toufudkpGefYMuavonf - - - ArmjynfwGif owif;ESYHavNyD? tmZmenfpdwfrmefxm;um yGm;
vmonf - - - rsm;vmonf - - - oGm;avolMunfjzL aZmeJY? w&m;raoG&ygap - - - trQ - - trQ
- - trQ a0ygonf/
aMomf - - - vufeufryg - - - Avmoufouf? onf;cH&ufueJY - - EkdifhxufpD;eif;? igomrif;[k
- xefjyif;pdwfrSm tbduemw&m;? vGefjyefYyGm;vdkY trSm;raSmif - - - om;aumifozG,f - - acs - '&,fodkY rnmoufouf - - cEmysufatmif - - - &ufpufavwm? tmZmenfrsKd;cspfrsm;udkwJhrS - oem;rnm - - (od*FgoH)/
a'goaSUxm; - - oem;rnmwwfwJh tmPmwnf - - - ew&m;obm0eJY - - - t&m&mrnD
tvum;tmPmjywJh Armjynf? c&D;tSnf &efrrsm;&atmif tjrJpdwfxm; - - - jynfhtapcHrsm;u
wu,fhudk rw&m;trsm;nDNydKifpHaG;um - - - woufvHk;jrifbdkY EkdifiHa&;rSm rsufvHk;yGifhMuNyD/
aMomf - - - ref;NrdKUXmeD? tmZmenfaygif; axmifaomif;ru wuf<updwfoef - - Zmwdrmefjzihf
MuHzefarQmfawG;? vGwfvyfa&;udk at;csrf;om,m? &apiSm[k ynmOmPf(3)yg;udk ESvHk;MuH&nf? 'dkYbkef;rax&f
oHCmawmfSif? vli,frsm;ESihf ausmif;awmfol ausmif;awmfom;wkdYyg pGefYpm;Muawmhonf? vGwfvyfa&;udkwJh
awG;arQmf&nf? toufygcEmSif;atmif? ESifcJhNyDwJhrS ESifcJhNyD - - - (od*FgoH)/
xm;umrlvnf; - - - a<uvkrnf;qkdif rwwfEkdifygbJ? olEkdifignif; - - - rif;jyKawmhonf?
twif;t"rESdrfoy - - - rif;tpu rcsdefq - - twif;t"rESdrfoy? ArmjynftwGuf ajyMuiSef;&u - - - taojref;&wJh aTref;NrdKU tmZmenfrsm;udk oem;rdawmhonf/
azazmf0g&Dv (17) &ufaeY? tmZmenf (17) OD; tcrf;tem;odkY1/ omoema0ykv &[ef;ysKdtzGJY

2/ r[mor* &[ef;ysKdtzGJY
3/ 0Hom[dwum&D &[ef;ysKdtzGJY
4/ A[kdomoemhrmru &[ef;ysKdtzGJY
5/ ZvGef&[ef;ysKdtzGJY
6/ aTwd*HkapwDawmf a&Munfawmf0wftoif;
7/ &efukefNrdKU? wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;XmecsKyf
203

8/ &efukefoydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;XmecsKyf
9/ &efukefNrdKUowif;pmq&mrsm;tzGJY
10/ ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&m vGwfvyfa&;trsKd;orD;rsm;tzGJY
11/ a&TbdkNrdKUrS &[ef;ysKdtzGJUwdkY tjyif
rEav;&[ef;ysKdtzGUJ rS tkycf sKyfonft
h zGUJ (3) zGUJ tjyif jrLeDpyD ,f;kH ol;kH om;rsm;? rEav;a*smfurD sm;? rEav;
pD&ifpk wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;? rEav;NrdKU Ak'bmomwkwfvlrsKd;rsm;toif;? qHyifnyfqdkifrsm;toif;? [dELvlrsKd;rsm;
toif;ESihf at0rf;kyf iS t
f zGYJ wYdk vdu
k yf gydYk aqmifonf/ psmyetcrf;tem;odYk &efuek rf S Armjynfvw
G v
f yfa&; trsKd;orD;
rsm;tzGJU? &efukefowif;pm udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tzGJU? &efukefpma&;q&mrsm; udk,fpm;vS,f? &efukefwuodkvfausmif;
om;or* udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufMuonf/
tmZmenf (17) OD;udk ]aersKd;r[moD[ol&bGJY} csD;jrifUavonf/
trsKd;orD;rsm;u uBudK;wyfqGJ tacgif;rsm;udk qGJavonf? tzGJUaygif; (42) zJGU yg0ifavonf/ olemjyKwyf
rsm;u vkdufvH psmyetcrf;tem;odkY a&mufvmolrsm;udk vdkufvHapmifhaSmuf tultnDay;Muonf/ &wemyHk
av;jyif? av;&yfvHk;qkdif&m &[ef;ysKdtzGJU Ou| q&mawmfO;D uvsmPu trdeYf jyefwrf;ESifh trQa0pmwrf;udk xkwjf yef
&mwGif
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vdkvm;csufrsm;udk tpdk;&wkdYtm; azmfjywkkdifwef;vdkMuojzifh pDwef;vSnfhvnfyGJodkY 0ifETJvkdufygMuukef\/
tpd;k &onf igwkYd tay: ,kw,
d w
k m uif;rJph mG olwYkd tapcHrsm; ay;qufMuaom wzufouf tpD&ifcpH mrsm;
udk tm;udk;wck tajcjyK twGif;ya,m*rsm; yl;0ifaESmifh,SufMuNyD;vQif igwdkYudk olykef[k pGyfpGJxifrSwfMuvsuf
&uf&ufpufpuf iJhuGufnmwmjcif; vHk;0rSdbJ ta&;ydkif rpwmvufu BuD;r;uGyfuJ ol\trdefYjzifh ppfyGJrsm;rSmom
toHk;jyKaom aoewfrsm;jzifh vufyg;ap ppfom;wdkYu 'vMurf; tBudrfBudrf ypfcwfap\/
uJhokdY NAdwdoQtpkd;&\ ,Ofaus;rIudk urmuodatmif azmfjyvkdufojzifh olwdkY\ ,Ofaus;rIudk igwkdY
oifcef;pm w&yftaejzifh pdwf0,fjcm;em; rSwfom;&ayNyD/ igwdkY\ tMurf;rzuf? tEkoufoufqkdaom 0g'pnf;rsOf;
udkvnf; tajymr[kwf? igwkdY tvkyfjzifh wydkYwGJvqkwf (7) &ufaeYu olwkdY xifSm;ydkifydkif odjrifMuayNyD/
xku
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kd Mf u&mwGif
olwYkdonf tMurf;enf;jzifh atmifjrifMuuke
f igwdYk vnf; tEkenf;jzifh olwYkdukd tjywftowf evefrxl? tvHrjzLEkid f
atmif Ekid v
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h wGuf igwkYd u oifwYdk ukd ppfatmif
aom AdkvfcsLyfBuD;wdkY[l csD;usL;0rf;ajrmufMu&ayukef\/
odYk &mwGif tpd;k &\ aoewf'Pfcsufjzifh toufq;kH H;I jcif;cH&aom oifwYdk ukd 'DaeY? 'D&uf? 'Dtcdsef? 'Dae&mrSm
yif tNyD;wkdif oN*K[f&awmhrnfjzpf&mum; igwkdY\ tl? tonf;udk xkwf,lqGJiifonhfyrm vGefpGmylyif ikdyGJqif
usqif;aom rsuf&nfwdkYrSm oifwkYd\ cEmudk,ftwGif;rS aoewf'PfcsufaMumifh ,dkxGufusqif;aom aoG;rsm;ESihf
EdIif;pmaomf tb,frSm usifhxHk;rDp&menf;vnf; jyp&mSdawmhtHhoenf;/
igwdkY &[ef;awmfrsm;onf Arm&mZ0if tpOftquf jrefrmrif;wkdY\ vufxufrSm rif;q&m &mZ*kkrsm;
jzpf Armbk&ifrsm;u igwdkYudk (oH) ESihf pyf tyfEiS rhf Qyif r&G,cf b
hJ ;l onf rSeaf omfjim;vnf;? NAdw
d o
d QvlrsKd;S wkYd tkypf ;kd
uReftjzpf a&mufaeMu&onfh ,cktcg &[ef;awmfrsm;udk aoewfjzifh ypfowfjcif;cHMu&onfh twGuf NAdwdoQ
vlrsK;d wkYd pdw0f ,f aoacG pGjJ rJaeaom tBudwt
f cJrsm;onf urmaMuaomfvnf; aMuaysmufuek q
f ;kH jcif;odYk a&mufEidk Mf u
rnf r[kwfay/
igwdkY rsufpdtmHk jzpfMuukefaom vlwkdif; vlwdkif;wdkYrSm NrdKUwGif; pDwef;vSnfhvnfonfhtcg vufeuf
rygonfh tjzpfukd igwdYk odMuaomfjim;vnf; olwYkd rsupf rd mS igwdYk tay: vS"H g; wajymifajymif udik af qmifvmonf[k
jrifMujcif;rSm rdrw
d Ykd xifovkd vGeu
f sL;ypfrmS ;aom tjypfrsm;udk ydwq
f YkdumuG,t
f ahH omiSm? ud,
k yf ikd Of mPfukd toH;k jyKjcif;
avm? odkYr[kwf aoG;ll; aoG;ief; tjyif;zrf;qD;NyD; aMumufpdwfrTef t&rf;jyKvkyfMujcif;avm[k w&mhajcmufq,f
(au) usrf;jyKbG,f&mom jzpfayawmh\/
nDawmfwYdk onf b0rSm pkawrae? aovGeMf u&ukeaf omfvnf; trsKd;? bmom? omoemudk tjyif;txef
cspfcifvpS mG aom pdw"f gwfwYkd ukd ,kid v
f NJ ydKuJjJG cif; rSMd uaprl Ekid af tmif xde;f csKyfMuukev
f suf a&muf&mb0rS igwdYk tm;
tultnD ay;Muukefavmh/
igwkYdonf oifwkdYtm; &nfpl; oHCmawmf (150) wdkYtm; yifh a',s"r? 'guA0wK tpkpkwkdYjzifh vSL'gef;
204
udv
YJ efu
ylaZmfMuygukef\/ igwkdY\ aumif;rItzdkYudk oifwkdYtm; trQay;a0ygukef\/ trQ&Mu oifwdkYtpk csrf;omMuygap
ukefownf;/}}
rEav;or*acgif;aqmif udkarmifudkrdefhcGef;
&Jabmfw-hkd
,aeY,cktcsdefwGif igonf ae&modkY 0rf;om0rf;enf; a0cGJ r&Ekdifaom pdwfrsKd;jzifh wufvmyg\/
igwdkY wkdif;jynfESifh igwdkYtrsKd; aumif;pm;a&;twGuf toufudk y"merxm; &uf&ufa&ma&m wyfOD;rS pGefYpm;&if;
usqHk;oGm;Muayaom &JabmfwdkY\ ol&owd*kPfudk csD;usL;pum; aus;Zl;qdk&awmhrnf jzpf ig0rf;ajrmufrd\? ig
0rf;omrd\? igvufyrf;ayguf cwfrd\/ taqG&Jabmf yk*dKvfxl;rsm;onf igtm; aemufqHk;tBudrf avmutv,f
wGif zG,fcGmaSmifuGif; rjyefvrf;udk jref;MuavNyD/
igrlum; ESajrmwo ,lMuHK;r& oifwkdYtwGuf ig\ tonf;ESvHk;wdkYrSm rD;[kef;[kef;awmuf aeavNyD/
tkd &Jabmfudkwifatmifoifonf ig\ rsupf ad tmuf igh\ vufay:wGiyf if BuD;jyif;vmcJ\
h / toifum; i,f,
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toufqkd (12) ESpfrQom Sdao;ygvsuf toufESifhrrQ? tG,fESifh rvkdufatmif aSUrS vrf;jyoGm;cJhavNyD/ tm;ESifh
rwefaom av;vHaom 0efBuD;udk Guaf qmifaom toif&&J aJ wmuf tmZmenfuav;tm; ae&mrS igtav;jyKyg\/
igOD;Twyf g\/ toifuo
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igwdYk txl;kad oyg\? udik ;f diI ;f OD;Twyf g\/ wkid ;f jynfEiS hf trsKd;twGuf toufpeG Yf vu
kd jf cif;jzifh &Jabmfonf &Jabmf\
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ta&;awmfyHk atmifygap}} ]]pnf;urf;ao0yfMuyg? nDGwfMuyg}} [k a&;om; rSmMum;cJhonfudk igESifhwuG &Jabmf
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f yfa&;twGuf aSUrS vrf;Tejf yygvsuf igwdYk
wawG aemufrS tb,faMumifh xyfMuyfrvku
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ayNyD/ Murf;wrf; &ufpufaom vlowftmPmom; tpkd;&wdkYonf riJhrnm &Jabmf\udk,fcEmrS &Jabmf\toufudk
xkwaf qmifomG ;acsNyD/ &Jabmfonf ypfcwfvu
dk af om aoewf'Pf&m &Sv
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MuygtHh/
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ae&mrS iguwdjyK\/ opmqdkyg\/ igwdkY\opmwnfMunfrIudk jzpf&mb0uae 0rf;ajrmufMunfEl;jcif; jzpfyg
apownf;/
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awmh\/ rSef;q wrf;wrdawmh\/ taoapmMuavpGwum;/ IMuOD;avmh? toifwkdY\ jyif;pGmaom ZmwdaoG;?
Zmwdrmef &ifhoefjcif; t[kefaMumifh oifwkdY\ toufudk xkwfaqmifoGm;avaom &ufpufvSonfh "eSif yg;uGuf
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205

aus;Zl;*kPfrsm;[k igwkdY ,llqMuygukef\/
use&f pfaom igwdYkwawGonfvnf; tmZmenf wpkuo
hJ Ydkyif vGwv
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rw&m;vGef;aom t*Fvdyftpdk;&\ vufatmufodkY Armjynfusa&mufaom tcsdeftcgrS p ,ck tcdsef
avmuf ArmvlrsKd; wrsKd;vHk;\ pdwfonf rylyifcJh&acs/ ,ck tcsdefavmuf tzdtpD; tESdyftpuf rcHcJh&bl;acs/
,ck tcsdefavmuf remMunf;cJh&bl;ay/
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rsm;ESifh towfc&H jcif; wkUd um; vGwv
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ao;i,fonf[k ,lqMuNyD;jzpfaMumif;udk wkdif;oljynfom; &[ef;SifvlwdkY odSdMuNyD;jzpfonhf tjyif &JabmfwdkY\
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tdk tmZmenftaygif; ol&Jaumif;wkdY igwdkYonf taqGwdkYtm; igwkdY jyKorQ 'geukokdvf tzdkYzdkYudk trQ?
trQ? trQ ay;a0Muygukef\/ taqGwdkYonf Mum;onfhae&mu om"k tEkarm'em jyKEkdifMuonfjzpf vGwfvyfaom
ok*wdb0wGif vGwfvyfaom yk*dKvfrsm;tjzpfjzifh vGwfvyfa&;\ t&omudk aumif;pGm cHEkdifMuygapownf;/
ArmjynfzGm; wkdif;&if;om;taygif;wdkY igwdkYonf ,aeYup igwkdY wrsKd;om;vHk; OruGJodkufrysuf pnf;vHk;
nDGwfa&;udk &atmif aeYnrtm; aqmif&GufBudK;yrf;MuygukeftHh/
oef;aygif; rsm;pGmaom ArmvlrsKd;wkYd onf rdrw
d Ykd wdik ;f jynfBuD;udk vH;k 0vGwv
f yfa&; ay;rSomvQif auseyfEikd f
rnf[laom jyif;xefonfh pdwfqEudk jyMuukeftHh/
igwkYd ArmvlrsdK;wkYd \ pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&;? usef;rma&;? omoem bmoma&;? vlrsdK; wk;d wufzYHG NzdK;a&;paom
BuD;yGm;rI trsKd;rsKd;wdkYudkvnf; igwdkYonf toufaoG;cJ wnfaeorQ umvywfvHk; pGrf;aqmif tm;xkwfMuukeftHh/
igwkdY Armwdkif;? Armwkdif; vGwfvyfa&;udk wu,fvkdvm;aom pdwf"gwfrsm; udef;atmifaeorQ umvywf
vHk; ArmjynfBuD;onf wu,fyif vGwfvyfa&; &rnfrSm rvGJaom taMumif;yif jzpf\/
tkd tcsif;wkYd &J&ifw
h nfMunf ArmyDoolwYkd omvQif Armjynf vGwv
f yfa&; a&mifjcnfoef;vmNyD[k xifmS ;
pGm awGUjrifEkdifrnfjzpfownf;/
ta&;awmfykHatmifygap
1301 ckESpf?
&efukefNrdKY? tmZmenfaehaumfrwDtzGJY
209
OD;A[de;f
(1938-39)
wuo Ou| udak tmifqef; (Adv

k cf sKyf) Ekwx
f u
G o
f mG ;ojzif?h Ou|tjzpf qufvufwm0ef,&l jcif; jzpfonf/
1279 ck? 0gqdkvqef; (10) &uf? Ak'[l;aeY? eHeuf (7) em&D tcsdefwGif tif;0NrKdU udkif;wef;&yf zGm;jrifonf/
tz OD;rSi?f trd a':OD;wdYk \ yrajrmufom;jzpfonf/
rEav;NrKdU atbDtrf rdef;uav;ausmif;? ousoD[bk&m; teD; q&midkausmif;? rEav;NrKdU A[dktrsdK;om;
txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmqnf;yl;cJ\
h / 1934 ckEpS w
f iG f rEav;Oypmaumvdyf pwif ynmoifMum;
cJo
h nf/ 1935-36 ckEpS w
f iG f rEav;Oypmaumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;or* trIaqmifjzpf\/ 1936 ck ausmif;om;
oydww
f iG f ppfuikd ;f tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;odYk oydwo
f mG ;wm;&m ausmif;tkyBf uD; rpwma'gif;ESihf paumuf
rsm;u 0dik ;f du
k o
f jzifh 'Pf&m&Scd o
hJ nf/ 1936-37 ckEpS w
f iG f rEav;Oypmaumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;or* Ou|
tjzpf aqmifu
G cf
hJ Oypm txufwef;udk ygVdbmom *kPx
f ;l jzifh atmifjrifcahJ vonf/
&efuek w
f uov
kd w
f iG f qufvufynmqnf;yl; 1938-39 ckwiG f wuo trIaqmiftjzpf aG;cs,w
f ifajrmuf
cH&onf/ wuo Ou| udak tmifqef; Ekwx
f u
G o
f mG ;aomtcg Ou|tjzpf wm0ef,&l jcif; jzpfonf/ 193839 ckEpS f Auo Ou|vnf; jzpfonf/ udAk [de;f udk wuo Ou|tjzpfxuf Auo Ou|tjzpf vlord sm;cJo
h nf/
1938 ckESpf a&eHajroydwf ay:aygufcJhonf/ a&eHajroydwform;rsm;onf &efukefNrKdUodkY csDwufqEjy&ef?
a&eH acsmif;NrKdUrS xGucf MhJ uonf/ Ou| udAk [de;f ESihf udAk aqGwYkdonf a&eHacsmif;NrKdUwGif ay:aygufvsuf adS om
ausmif;om;oydwt
f a&;ESihf a&eHajrrS csDwufvmaom oydwo
f rm;rsm;ta&;udk pHpk rf;&ef c&D;xGucf MhJ uonf/
rauG;NrKUd a&eHajrrS csw
D ufvmaom oydwo
f rm;rsm;tm; w&m;a[maepOf tzrf;cHc&hJ avonf/ or* Ou|ESihf
twGi;f a&;rSL;tm; zrf;qD;ojzifh ausmif;om;oydwf ay:aygufcahJ vonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;onf twGi;f 0efrsm;H;k odYk csw
D ufqEjyMu&m? a*:&mpmoifrsm;u jrif;ESihf wdu
k ?f eHygwfww
k Ef iS hf
du
k o
f jzifh *syq
f ifaumvdyrf S udak tmifausmf usq;kH cJo
h nf/ ausmif;om;trsm;tjym; 'Pf&m &cJMh u\/ ausmif;
om;? tvkyo
f rm;? v,form;oydwf aygif;pHpk pk nf;rdum? 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfy[
kH k ordik ;f 0if rSww
f rf;wif
cJhMuonf/ ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm; NrKdUroydwfpcef;wGif tpmtiwfcH qEjycJhMuonf/ a'gufwmbarmf
tpdk;&jyKwfus OD;yktpdk;&wufNyD;? ausmif;om;oydwf NyD;qHk;cJhonf/
udAk [de;f onf 1939 ckEpS w
f iG f wuov
kd rf S xGu
f wdYk Armtpnf;tH;k odYk 0ifa&muf vkyaf qmifco
hJ nf/ 1940
ckESpfwGif zrf;qD;cH&NyD;? *syefacwf a'gufwmbarmf tpdk;&vufxufwGif EdkifiHjcm;a&;Xme twGif;0eftjzpf
aqmifu
G cf \
hJ / 1945 ck *syefawmfveS af &;wGif awmificl dik w
f iG f wm0ef,cl o
hJ nf/
(wpfzufpmrsuEf mS od-Yk )
210
udv
YJ efu
a'guw
f mvSaT
(1939-40)
M.B.B.S
1300jynfh ta&;awmfwiG f tmPmSiv

f aS T[k ausmMf um;cJo
h jl zpfonf/ udv
k aS Tonf 1300jynfh ta&;awmf\
trSwt
f om;jzpfonf/
ysOf;rem;NrKdU 1276 ck? e,kev
f jynfah usmf (12) &ufaeYwiG f zGm;jrif zsmyHNk rKdU BuD;jyif;cJ&h \/ 1931 ckEpS w
f iG f
&efukefwuodkvf pwifynmoifMum; aq;twwfynmudk qufvufoif,lcJhonf/ 1936-37 ckESpfwGif
wuo twGi;f a&;rSL;? 1938-39 ckwiG f wuo 'k-Ou|tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifc
hJ 1939-40 ckwiG f wuo
Ou|tjzpf aG;aumuf wifajrmufjcif;cH&onf/
1938-1939 ckESpf 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHkBuD;wGif or* Ou| udkA[def; zrf;cH&NyD;aemuf udkvSaTonf
ta&;awmfyHkBuD;udk qufvufacgif;aqmifum wdkufyJG0ifcJhonf/ tmPmSifudkvSaT[l wdkif;jynfu odSd
cJMh uonf/ 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyu
kH kd qufvufacgif;aqmif&if; tzrf;cHc&hJ onf/
1939 ckEpS w
f iG f wuorS BuD;rSL;um Adv
k af tmifausmu
f sq;kH aomaeYukd tmZmenfaeY[k owfrw
S u
f m yxrqH;k
usif;ycJMh uonf/
udkvSaTonf q&m0efbJGUudk 1940-41 ckESpfwGif qGwfcl;NyD;aemuf? aq;ynmjzifh toufarG;um {csrf;pGm
aecJo
h nf/ 'kw,
d urmppfBuD;tNyD; aq;ynm qufvufqnf;yl;&ef t*FvefEikd if o
H YkdtoGm; 1947 ckEpS f Mo*kwv
f
(23) &ufaeYwiG f ygSe;f yifv,fauGY? ab;&de;f uRef; teD;wGif av,mOfysufus tedpa &mufcahJ vonf/
udkA[def;rS tqufudkA[def;onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudk pwifxlaxmifol wOD;jzpfNyD;? 1946 ck uGefjrLepfygwD ajAmifxl

axmifaomtcgwGif A[dak umfrwD0ifjzpfco
hJ nf/ aemifwiG f ay:vpfAsLdt
k zJUG 0ifjzpf Armjynftvkyo
f rm;or*
(A.B.T.U.C) \ Ou|jzpfonf/ 1946 ck? Edk0ifbmv (20) &ufaeYwGif rEav;aq;HkBuD;wGif uG,fvGef
tedpa &mufco
hJ nf/ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf\ vGwv
f yfa&;armfueG ;f 0if pm&if;wGif yxrqifrh S aMunmay;
jcif; cHc&hJ oljzpfavonf/
211
Source: File Photo
rauG;NrKd w
Y iG f udAk [de;f ESit
Uf wl
tzrf;cH&aom
wuotwGi;f a&;rSL; udAk aqG
jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm t,f'w
D m OD;cspaf rmif (*sme,fausm)f u ay;tyfcahJ om vGwv
f yfa&;wdu
k yf 0GJ if *kPx
f ;l aqmifvufrw
S f erlemyHpk H (1)
212
udak tmifausmEf iS t
Uf wl tdu
k cf &H aom
udMk unfarmif (aemif Adv
k rf LS ;Bu;D
Munfarmif)
213
jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm t,f'w
D m OD;cspaf rmif (*sme,fausm)f u ay;tyfcahJ om vGwv
f yfa&;wdu
k yf 0GJ if *kPx
f ;l aqmifvufrw
S f erlemyHpk H (2)
wdAhk rmtpnf;tH;k wHqyd f

wdAhk rm - owif;pOfrw
S w
f rf; acgi;f pD;trSwt
f om;
Adv
k af tmifausmf tygt0if wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm; &efuek f twGi;f 0ef;kH udk 0dik ;f aepOf
Source: Doh Bamar
214
1300 jynfh ta&;awmfykH zrf;qD;axmifcsc&H onfh rEav;oydwaf cgi;f aqmifrsm;
Ou|q&mawmf OD;uvsmP
av;jyifav;&yfv;kH qdik &f m&[ef;ysKt
d zJcYG sKy?f
a0,efbo
kH mwdu
k f
udak tmif - tdik t

f ufpD txufwef;
(rEav;ausmif;om;rsm;tzJaYG cgi;f aqmif)
rEav;oydwfacgif;aqmif
Ou|q&mawmf OD;uvsmPESifh
ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif
udkatmifwdkhtm; axmif'Pf (2)
ESpfpD toD;oD;csrSwfcHcJh&onf/
axmif'Pf (1) ESpfpD csrSwfcH&aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif (4) OD;
udak tmifausm0f if; (10 wef;? A[dt

k rsK;d om;ausmif;)
wydw
hk v
GJ qkwf (12) &ufwiG f trdechf sonf/
udck sex
f eG ;f (10 wef;? A[dt
k rsK;d om;ausmif;)
wydw
hk v
udak rmifMunf (ayguNf rKd iw

f u
kd )f
wydw
hk v
udu
k akd v; (10 wef;? 0ufpvD,aH usmif;)
wydw
hk v
acgi;f aqmif udo

k ed ;f atmif
rEav;or*acgi;f aqmif udak rmifukd
215
216
217
rEav;oydww
f iG f usq;kH cJah om tmZmenf (16) OD;\ psmyeyJG
Adv
k f (16) OD;\ psmyetcrf;tem; aps;csKad wmf taSb
Y ufwiG f jrif&yHk
218
rEav;oydww
f iG f usq;kH cJah om tmZmenf (16) OD;\ psmyeyJG
em&DpifauGw
Y iG f ausmif;olrsm;\ ppf&xm;,mOf vGeaf jrmufNy;D aemuf e*g;eDtrsK;d orD; aq;vdycf t
kH zJu
YG kd jrifEikd \
f
219
ref;tmZmenf (17) OD;

(1)
OD;y@dw
(2)
OD;ynmaZmw
ukoEd m Hw
k u
kd f
toufawmf - 28
0gawmf crnf;awmf - OD;pH
r,fawmf - a':zD
aumhp&Gm? oxH'k pD Bww
d f
a*G;csKw
d u
kd f
toufawmf - 25
0gawmf crnf;awmf - OD;atmifb
r,fawmf - a':zmG ;cspf
qumBu;D NrKd ?Y rtlyif'pD Bww
d f
(3)
OD;a0ykv
(4)
OD;Zedw
wl;armif;wdu
k ?f tr&yl&
toufawmf - 27
0gawmf crnf;awmf - OD;xGe;f vS
r,fawmf - a':v'S eG ;f
jrpfusK;d pmwdu
k ?f yJc;l 'DpBww
d f
pukwu
kd f
toufawmf - 35
crnf;awmf? r,fawmfwrhkd mS
uG,v
f eG Nf y;D ? arG;pm;
r,fawmfrmS yckuL wGi&f dS
yckuL 'DpBww
d f
(5)
OD;tmavmu
aiGawmifwu
kd f
toufawmf - 30
0gawmf - 10
crnf;awmf - OD;Edik f
r,fawmf - a':quf
OoQpu
f ek ;f Gm? a&eHacsmif;tydik f
rauG;'DpBww
d f
toufawmf - 25? 0gawmf - 5

OD;eE0o
H av;xyfausmif;ae? ESycf sKd mG ? jrpfBu;D em;'DpBww
d /f
(7) OD;auwk (qifwJwdkuf)

toufawmf - 41? 0gawmf - 16
r,fawmf - a':bmG ;? carmufx-k cGqkH mG ? &aoUawmif tydik ?f
ppfawG'pD Bww
d /f
(8) AdkvfbaX; (0ufpvD [dkufpul;ausmif;om;)
(9)
AdkvfvSarmif
(10)
Adkvfwifatmif
OD;edAm eausmif;
touf - 15
owrwef;
tb - OD;ul;
trd - a':&if
a[rmZv? rEav;NrKd Y
A[dak e&Sief ,fausmif;

touf - 15
owrwef;
tb - OD;xGe;f vS
trd - a':oed ;f Gehf
wkww
f ef;? rEav;NrKd Y
(11)
Adkvfrl
(12)
AdkvfxGef;atmif
touf - 29? vlysKd

(rif;rsK;d rif;EG,)f
tb - OD;qd;k
trd - a':jrif
ola|;wef;? rEav;NrKd Y
(owif;pma&mif;
trdtm;vkyaf uR;aeol)
touf - 18
tb - OD;vS (uG,fvGef)
trd - a':prd hf
qdik ;f wef;? rEav;NrKd Y
220
(6) OD;auvm (cifruefwdkuf)
(13)
Adkvfatmifxl;
(14)
Adkvfcifarmif
'udP
0ef rvGeaf usmif;
touf - 21
tb - OD;pHaumif;
trd - a':apmcif
'udP
0ef? rEav;NrKd Y
touf - 19
tb - q&matmif
trd - a':oufcikd f
O,smOf0if;? rEav;NrKd Y
(15)
AdkvfxGef;td
ukeo
f nf
touf - 53
tb - OD;aTyiG Uf
trd - a':rif;csKH
r&rf;jc?H rEav;NrKd Y
(16) AdkvfbvGef;
touf - 33? tb - OD;pHcsed ?f trd - a':nrd ;f ?
o&ufwyif&mG ? rEav;'DpBww
d f
(17)
Adkvfa&Tdk; (ac:) Adkvfcifarmif
Adv
k af &T;kd onf touf 16 ESprf Qom&Sad o; rEav;NrKd ?Y wkww
f ef;&yf? tb- t0def yI ?f trd- rBu;D wdu
hk arG;zGm;aom
wkwu
f jym; Ak'b
momjzpf? 0HomEkpw
d x
f ufoefojl zpf&m rMumrDu a&eHoydww
f yf &efyakH iG aumufcaH &;wGif
tm;BuKd ;rmefwuf aqmifu
G cf o
UJ jl zpfaMumif;/
if;rSm wkww
f ef;? omoedu,k0toif;ESiUf vdu
k yf gNy;D vQif ausmif;om;rsm;a&SrY S wuf aoewf'Pf&m &&SNd y;D vQif aq;Hw
k iG f
(*) &ufMumrS aoqH;k oGm;&SmaMumif;? aq;Hk ukopOf rdbrsm; tm;wuf&ef pum;rsm;om ajymMum;oGm;aMumif;/
1300 jynf?U waygi;f vqef; (10) &ufaehwiG f oN*K [\
f /
Adv
k cf ifarmif\ tavmif;udk ol<u,fpk okefwiG f ,laqmifvmyHk
221
twGi;f 0ef;kH jzpfygG ;cJah om t"dukP;f ESifh ywfouf pHpk rf;a&;aumfrwD tpD&ifcpH m
Resolution on the Report of the Secretariat Incident Enquiry Committee
(,ck r[mAEKvvrf;)
(,ck Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;)
(,ck taemf&xmvrf;)
(,ck odrfjzLvrf;)
Source: Ko Aung Kyaw Report
twGif;0efHk;ajryHk
222
-0-
twGi;f 0ef;kH jzpfygG ;cJah om t"dukP;f ESifh ywfouf pHpk rf;a&;aumfrwD tpD&ifcpH m
-1-
some on foot. On arrival there each gate was blocked by a group consisting of both boy and girl
students. The ages of the girl students ranged between 13 and a little over 20. These activities of
- 2 -
bring them round to the Sun Press. The students were to be formed into letter "L" and
- 3 -
standing about there waiting for the barriers to arrive before they were put up on the spet.
There was a very large and unruly crowd and we decided to driven them a bit further away
from the corner. As the police party advanced the crowd fell back
- 4 -
than turned around the Sacretariet and when they were about to reach the corner of
Sparks Street and Bigandet Street I saw police force headed two or three mounted
- 5 -
The other members of the House of Representatives, U Ain, U Ba On and U Tun Aung
speak more or less in a similar strain.
- 6 -
of Police. As the police rushed forward to rescue this sergeant we were very heavily
- 7 -
(4) If they had, whether the police asked the students to disperse before force was used
again against them;
- 8 -
the procession was likely to cause a breach of the peace. That brings us to section 128 of the
- 9 -
Sparks Steet was about 30 or 40. Most of them will girls, some of whom were even not older than
13 or 14. We want this aspect of the case to be kept steadily in view because of what we propose
to say in the letter part of our report.
- 10 -
- 11 -
- 12 -
- 13 -
- 14 -
- 15 -
- 16 -
- 17 -
- 18 -
- 19 -
- 20 -
- 21 -
- 22 -
- 23 -
- 24 -
- 25 -
- 26 -
- 27 -
- 28 -
- 29 -
- 30 -
- 31 -
- 32 -
- 33 -
- 34 -
- 35 -
- 36 -
- 37 -
Exhibit A
yHk (u)
Exhibit B
yHk (c)
Source: ASO/ Bo Aung Kyaw Report
Exhibit C
yHk (*)
vJusaeolrSm
udkMunfarmif
- 38 -
Exhibit D
yHk (C)
Exhibit E
yHk (i)
Exhibit G
yHk (q)
- 39 -
Exhibit H
yHk (Z)
Exhibit I
yHk (ps)
Exhibit O
yHk (")
- 40 -
Exhibit M
yHk ()
Source: ASO Bo Aung Kyaw Report
Exhibit Q
yHk (r)
- 41 -
tcef; (9)
udv
e,fcsUJ qefu
Y siaf &; vGwv
(1939 rS 1940)
(u) 1300 jynfh taxGaxGoydwf aemufyikd ;f umv

a&eHajroydwfwyfBuD;tm; vrf;rawmf? a*:'Gifvrf;? NrdKUrausmif;aSUwGif oydwfarSmufausmif;om;
ajrmufjrm; pGmwdYk u a<u;aMumf BudKqdck MhJ uonf/ oydww
f yfBuD;ESihf ausmif;om;oydwf tjyeftvSef a<u;aMumfaeaom
toHBuD; onf tcsdeftawmfrQ jrnf[D;aecJhonf/
xdYk aeYu &efuek Nf rdKUtm; wyftoD;oD;ESihf jynfow
l Ykd u odr;f ydu
k x
f m;aomaeU jzpfonf[k ac:qdEk ikd af yonf/
tmvHNrdKUwGif t*Fvdyft&if;SifwdkYydkif pwD;b&m;om;ukrPD qDpufESifh 0gpufrS tvkyform; (2000)
ausmfwdkYonf t&if;SifwdkY\ zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIudk rcHEdkif oydwfarSmuf qEjycJhonf/ pwD;b&m;om;ESifh raS;raESmif;
rSmyif Adkvfatmifausmf usqkH;jcif;ESifh ywfouf ausmif;om;rsm;oydwf jzpfay:vmonf/
tmvHNrdKU? wdYk Armtpnf;tk;H onf pwD;puf tvkyo
f rm;oydwu
f o
kd mru ausmif;om;oydwu
f ykd g tifwu
kd f
tm;wdkuf ulnDcJhonf/
wdYk Armtpnf;tk;H acgif;aqmif bpH tzrf;cH&rIEiS hf ywfouf ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf vlxw
k Ykd onf tmvH*wf
udk csDwuf0dkif;&Hum]'dkhacgif;aqmifvTwf} [k *dwu
f kd 0dkif;avawmhonf/
vltyk Bf uD;onf ykvyd w
f Ykdukd cJrsm;jzifyh pfonf/ trsK;d orD;rsm;uvnf; 0wfvmaom xrDrS tay:0wfvcHk snfukd
cRwf ykvdyfrsm;acgif;ay:odkY vTwfwifypfaygufMuonf/
ykvdyfudkuf? vltkyfu cJESifhypfESifh? olwjyef igwjyefjzpfaeonf/ &mZ0wf0ef rpwmpDyDatmonf zrf;xm;
aom acgif;aqmifrsm;udk rMumrDvTwfay;rnf[k atmfajymonf/ vlxku aemufrqkwf? atmfjrJatmfaeonf/
xdktcg &mZ0wf0efonf tmvHta&;ydkifOD;azESifh wdkifyif vlxkESifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; eHygwfwkwfrsm;ESifh
vlpkcGJ kdufESufawmhavonf/ vl (60) ausmf 'Pf&m&Sdavonf/ zrf;qD;xm;aom ocifbpH tygt0if (16)
a,mufudk tmvHe,fydkif 0efaxmufu wa,mufpDac:NyD; axmif'PfESifh tvkyfMurf; (3) vpD csufcsif;tjypfay;vdkuf
onf/
264
(c) udak tmifausmu

f sq;Hk Ny;D aemuf ausmif;om;oydwt
f &Sed jf ri w
hf ufvmjcif;ESihf taxGaxGoydwf
1939 azazmf0g&D (7) &uf? eHeufrpS NrdKUrausmif;wGif pcef;csvsuf adS om ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;onf
rdrdwdkY awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk qdkif&mrSray;bJ vspfvsLI wdkif;jynftusdK;udk toufESifhvJ aqmifGufMurnf[k
oEd|mefcsum tpmiwfcH qEjyMuonf/ tpmiwfcHvsufSdaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;wdkYrSm (1000) ausmfSdonf/
xdkowif;Mum;&aomtcg wEdkifiHvkH;wkefvIyfoGm;avonf/ i,fG,fEke,fol wufopfp ausmif;ol?
ausmif;om; uav;i,frsm; tE&m,fjzpfrnfudk rsm;pGmpdk;&drfMuonf/ GefYaygif;tpdk;&udk ydkrdkrkef;wD;vmMuonf/
&efuek Nf rdKUSd ausmif;om;rdbrsm;u xdak eYwiG yf if ta&;ay: txl;tpnf;ta0;w&yf usif;yum ausmif;om;
rsm; awmif;qdkcsufudk tpdk;&tjrefqkH;vdkufavsm&efESifh ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; tpmiwfcHqEjyjcif; &yfpJMu&ef
ausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufwdkYudk ausmif;om;rdbrsm; udk,fwdkif aSUwef;u wdkufyGJ0if awmif;qdkMu&ef qkH;jzwf
vdkufonf/
xdkUtwl ocifrsm;ESifh OD;bpdefacgif;aqmifaom NrdKUrdNrdKUz txl;tpnf;ta0;u? if;ausmif;om;rsm; tpm
iwfcHqEjyjcif;ESifh ywfouf tpdk;&tm; jyif;xefpGm uefYuGufIwfcs tpmiwfcHjcif;udk &yfpJ&ef ausmif;om;rsm;
xHodkY udk,fpm;vS,f apvTwf arwm&yfcHMuonf/
aemufqkH; azazmf0g&Dv (8) &ufaeY? naewGif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkvSaT? udkoef;wifwdkYonf
NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;jzpfaom OD;oGi?f ODb;kd aysmh? ol&,
d OD;buav;? OD;oif;armif? NAdwo
d Qbm;rm;OD;GeYf ? *VKefO;D apm polwYkd EiS hf
awGUqkHaqG;aEG;Muum ausmif;om;rsm;\ udpudk vlBuD;rsm; Mum;0ifapYpyf wm0ef,lrnfjzpfonf/
Adv
k af tmifausmf usqk;H NyD;aemuf or* tpnf;ta0; xyfrjH yKvkyNf yD; udv
k aS Tacgif;aqmifaom ausmif;om;
acgif;aqmifrsm;onf xdcdkuf'Pf&m&aom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf pDrHjyKvkyfNyD;aemuf ausmif;om;rsm;onf aemuf
wBudrf tmPmzDqefrI jyKvkyf&ef qkH;jzwfvdkufonf/
NAdwdoQtpdk;&uvnf; 21? 12? 1938 aeYxkwf owif;pmrsm;wGif twGif;0efkH;aSU tkdufcH&aom
owif;"gwfykHrsm; rxnfhEdkif&ef &efukefykvdyfrif;BuD;\ trdefYt& owif;pmwdkufrsm;udk nwGif;csif; 0ifa&mufzsufpD;
vdkufMuonf/
,if;tjzpfudk ausmif;om;or* tvkyftrIaqmifwdkYu rcHbJ xdkacwf xkwfa0aeaom owif;pmtrsm;pk
tGuf (8) rsufEmS yg ,if;tjzpftysuf "gwfyrHk sm;ukad zmfjyvsuf ]ausmif;om;rsm; aoG;ajrus} pmwrf;BuD;udk 21? 12?
38 aeY? nwGif;csif; tNyD;dkufESdyf wuodkvfor*toif;wdkufESifh &efukefausmif;aygif;pkHwyfpcef; NrdKUrausmif;wGif
vnf;aumif;? nwGif;csif; e,fxGuftaocH pnf;kH;a&;qif; ausmif;om;Adkvfrsm; tylwjyif;aG;cs,f oifwef;ay;um
22? 12? 38 wGif wjynfv;Hk odYk vQKd U0Supf mG jyefvw
T v
f u
kd o
f nf/ ausmif;om;wdYk\ taxGaxGoydwBf uD;arSmufNyD[k aMunm
vdu
k o
f nft
h wdik ;f NrdKUrwyfpcef;wGif ausmif;aygif;pkrH S nOft
h yd ?f nOfah e pcef;csaevkad om ausmif;aygif;pkrH S ausmif;om;?
ausmif;olrsm;twGuf 14? 12? 38 aeYxkwf owif;pmwGif zdwfac:um xkwfjyefvdkufonf/ ,if;rSm]]tdk taqG&JabmfwdkY igwdkYoydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;onf NrdKUrausmif;awmfBuD; wyfpcef;csaeayNyD?
igwdkY pm;a&; aomufa&;rS p tppt&m&m vdkavao;rSd? wdkif;jynfu igwdkYtm; ypfrxm;yg? r[mukPm
SdMuojzifh apmifrMunfhIMuavNyD/ igwdkY pdwftm;i,fp&m r[kwfacs/
tdk &Jabmfol? &Jabmfom;wdkY igwdkY wyfpcef;cs&modkY vmvSnfhukefavm? oifwdkYtwGuf toufudk pGefY&ef
tqifoifhyif? igwdkU nDGwfrIudk jyMuukefavm/
oef;wif
NrdKYrwyfpcef;wm0efcH
&efukefoydwfausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;pcef;
Auorsm;tvkyftrIaqmifzGJU Ou| udkvSaT 23? 12? 1938 wGif owif;pmrsm;wGif atmufygtwdkif;
xkwfjyefvdkufonf/
265
awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm(1) a&eHajr tvkyo
f rm;csDwufvma&;ESihf Armwjynfv;Hk Sd ausmif;om;rsm; tmPmzDqef qlyjl cif;rsm;ESihf
ywfoufJ w&m;pGJcH&ol? tzrf;cH&ol? axmifcscH&ol tm;vkH;udk csufcsif;vTwfypf&ef tpdk;&tm;
awmif;qdkaMumif;?
(2) jynfoYl vw
G v
f yfrrI sm; csKyfcs,x
f m;aom Oya'rsm;ESihf aSmifwcifxw
k jf yefaom bk&ifc\
H wcsuv
f w
T f
Oya'rsm;udk kwfodrf;&ef tpdk;&tm; awmif;qdkaMumif;?
(3) ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufudpESifhywfouf rnfonfhausmif;om;? ausmif;oludkrqdk qdkif&m
t&mSdwdkYu ta&;r,l&ef?
(*) 'kw,
d tBurd f ausmif;om;vTwaf wmf
oydwftwGif; ac:,lonfh ausmif;om;vTwfawmfudk &efukefNrdKUrausmif;aygif;pkH oydwfpcef;? NrdKUrcef;r
BuD;wGif 30? 1? 1939 eHeuf (10) em&DrS pwif usif;yonf/ xdkvTwfawmf qkH;jzwfMuaom tqdkrsm;rSm(1) a&eHajrwyfcsDwuf&mwGif yg0ifvyI f mS ; zrf;qD;ta&;,lxm;rI rSeo
f rQudk vTwyf pf&ef? zdEydS cf sKyfcs,faom
Oya'rsm;udk kwfodrf;&ef?
(2) ausmif;om;oydwfESifh ywfouforQaom ausmif;om;rsm;? q&mq&mrrsm;udk ta&;r,l&ef?
(3) 20? 12? 1938 twGif;0efkH; ykvdyfdkufyGJ jynfolwdkYyg0ifaom pkHprf;ppfaq;rI ckHtzGJU zGJUay;&ef?
(4) awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wjynfvkH;? awma&mNrdKUyg awmBudKtkHMum;rusef jyefESHYjyKvkyfay;&ef? tNrdKUNrdKU
te,fe,f uefYuGufyGJrsm; jyKvkyf&ef?
91-XmetkyfcsKyfa&; wdkufzsuf&mwGif atmufygenf;rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;u axmufcHaMumif;tqdk if;rSm(u) GefYaygif;tpdk;&rjyKwfjyKwfatmifjzKwfcs&ef
(c) if;GefYaygif; jyKwfNyD;aemuf tm;vkH;&mxl; vufrcH0hHbJ tkyfcsKyfa&;udk zsuf&eftqdkESifh aemufqkH;
wdkif;&if;jzpfrsm;om 0wfqifMu&efESifh
(8) GeYf aygif;tpd;k &\ &ufpufMurf;MuKwfpmG aom zdEySd rf w
I Ykdukd uefYuu
G f w
I cf saomtm;jzifh ArmEdik if t
H wGi;f
Sd a'oE&tzGJUrsm;? jrLeDpDy,f 'DpBwdwfaumifpDrS jynfcspfacgif;aqmifrsm;qdkif&m tzGJUrsm;rS csufjcif;
EkwfxGufqEjy&ef yefMum;avonf/
(C) ausmif;om;rsm; tpmiwfcq

H Ejyjcif;
,if;oydwftwGif; ausmif;om;vTwfawmfusif;yqJrSmyif udkvSaT axmifrS tmrcHESifh xGufvmNyD;aemuf
if;axmiftwGif;SdpOfu TefMum;cJhaom ajcvSrf;ESpfvSrf; wckck? cifAsm;wdkYBudKuf&m wckckawmh vSrf;rSjzpfrnf?
odYk r[kwu
f usKyfaxmifxJ jyef0ifo
Hk mSo
d nf[k tMuyfuikd w
f ifjy&m tvkyt
f rIaqmifwiG f if;ajcvSr;f ESpv
f rS ;f teuf
rlvuyif udkoef;wifonf azaz:0g&Dvqef; (1) &ufaeY (Currency Office) aiGwdkuf oydwfum&ef qdkonfudk
oabmwlaMumif;? tvkyt
f rIaqmifrsm;u wifjycJ&h m udo
k ed ;f atmifwYkdu (Wholesale Massacre) tpkvu
kd f tjyHKvku
d f
aoukefMurnf[kqdkum oabmrwlcJhaMumif;? ,ckrSm wjynfvkH; vcxkwf&ufrSmvnf; vGefcJhNyDjzpf (2) &uf
tpmiwfcH&ef ajcvSrf;udk vufcH&efSdawmhaMumif;? 'DajcvSrf;udkvnf; oabmwlaMumif;? udkvSaT\ cyfjyif;jyif;
vIyfSm;rIudkom tMuyfudkifawmif;qdkcsufudk axmufcHajymqdkMu&m 7? 2? 1939 wGif NrdKUrwyfpcef; raeomawmhbJ
wNrdKUvkH; oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm; qifhqdkum xdkajcvSrf;udk vSrf;Mu&ef qkH;jzwfvdkufMuaMumif;/
azazmf0g&Dv (8) &ufaeYrS p tpmiwfcHwdkufyJG0ifcJh&m rlvu (3) &uf (6) eyftxd tenf;qkH; tpm
iwfcH oydwaf rSmufxm;rnf[k owfrw
S cf ahJ omfvnf; tpmiwfcH wwd,aeY (38) OD; aumfrwD &efuek af usmif;om;xk
rdbrsm;u NrdKUrwyfpcef;odkY vma&muf om;orD; ausmif;om;wdkYtm; arwm&yfcHonf/
xdkpOfu rdbrsm;\pum;udkem,l tpmiwfcH oydwfvSefrI vQKdU0SufpGm tpDtpOfjyKvkyfxm;aomfvnf;
8? 1? 1939 wGif ausmif;om; tvkyftrIaqmifjzpfaom ukdvSaTrStp udkoef;wifyg yef;qdk;wef; jrefrmukefwdkufBuD;
wGif Mum;0ifaphpyfwm0ef,al om vlBuD;rsm;ESihf em;vnfr,
I Nl yD; udo
k ef;wifrmS xdt
k aMumif;udk zGirhf ajymom zGirhf ajym
266

bJ eufjzefrS pvSef&efudkum; oabmrwlEdkifao;aMumif; wOD;wnf; trItjzpf tvdkrwlqEudk ay;cJh\/ xdkpOfu
ausmif;om;r[kwf jyifytultnD twdik t
f yifct
H jzpf &yfwnfaeaom udEk v
k nf; ajymydik cf iG rhf S/d odYk aomf ,ckvkd kwf
csnf; tpmiwfcH oydwfvSefypfvdkufrnfudk oabmrusaMumif; ajymao;\/ aemufqkH; trsm;ESifhwa,muf tqkH;
tjzwf vufcHvdkuf&m OD;apmu ]'gjzifU OD;owif;pmrSmawmh reufjzefxkwfrSm 'Dnudk xnfUrdkufygeJhOD;} [k uwd
wvkH;awmif;&m ay;ygonf/
odkYaomf 9? 2? 1939 aeY? eHeuf tpmiwfcHwyfom;tm;vkH; tdyf&mrSrx&ao;rD xdkaeYeHeufxkwf ol&d,
owif;pm ]ausmif;om;rsm; ,aeheeH uf tpmpm;Ny}D [k owif;yg wygwnf; xifxifSm;Sm; ygvmav\/ NAdwdoQ
bm;rm;refae*sm 'gdu
k w
f mOD;GeYf 'g,umjyKaom qefjyKwf vSn;f td;k BuD;rSmvnf; NrdKUrwyfpcef; wHcg;0odYk eHeufapm
apmpD;pD; a&mufvmavonf/
wGif oydwfarSmufausmif;om;wdkYrSm rauseyfMu qlyGuf ]tpmiwfcH oydwfrvSefbl;} tpmrpm;bl;
ZGwfjiif;Muaomfvnf; ausmif;om;xktm; tawmfpdwfusatmifudkvSaTwvSnfh? udkoef;wifwvSnfh a[majymem;csrS
rtDrom em,lcg tpmiwfcHoydwfvSefvdkufonf/
(i) qifq
h jkd cif; (2) &yf
tpmiwfcH oydwfvSefNyD;aemuf wyfpcef;rS oydwfvSef tdrfjyef tem;,lvdkaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm;
jyefcGifhjyKvdkufonf/ t*Fvdyfausmif;rsm; zGifhrnf pmar;yGJppfrnfh tpDtpOf vQdKU0Sufod&ojzifh 15? 2? 1939 xGuf
owif;pmrsm;wGif atmufygtwdkif; ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm; ac:qdk&ygonf/
&Jabmfw-hkd
igwdkYonf tpmt[m&ysufcHaom ajcvSrf;udk oydwfpcef;BuD;wGif pkkH;vSrf;NyD;aemuf &JabmfwdkYtm;
rdbrsm;ESiahf wGU&ef tdrrf sm;odYk jyefciG jhf yKvdu
k af yonf/ &JabmfwYkd onf tdrrf sm;wGif tm;vyfciG ,
hf v
l suf (3) &ufcefY
tem;&ayNyD/ txl;ojzifh 15? 2? 39 rS p oifwdkYESifh wdkufdkufoufqdkifaom vkyfief;rsm; vkyf&efSdavNyD/
&JabmfwYkdonf tjrJtvkyv
f yk af e&ef pdwf o
dS nft
h wdik ;f nDw
G pf mG vltiftm;jzifh igwdYktvkypf cef;rsm;udk xajrmufpmG
vSrf;Mu? vkyfaqmifMu&ef oydwfpcef;rsm;odkY rysufruGuf eHeuf (7) em&DcGJ ta&mufvmMuygukef/
oef;wif
Ou|
&efukefausmif;om;rsm;oydwfpcef;
twGif; ausmif;om;oydwftiftm;rSm wufom aeav\? &efukef tdEd,om; ukvm;ausmif;jzpfaom
bifa*gtu,f'rD? 'DatbD yefcsmyDausmif;ESihf a&'D,m;aumvdyaf c: ukvm;ausmif;rsm; yg0ifvmMuonf? acgif;aqmif
wdkYrSm rpwmwdkSDbDa*gqifESifh rpwmtm&D&mwdkY jzpfonf/
&efukefNrdKU wdkif;&if;om;bmomoifausmif; (31) ausmif;ESifh t*Fvdyf-jrefrm (2) bmomoifausmif;
(22) ausmif;? 53 ausmif;Sdonfh teuf wdkif;&if;om;bmomoifausmif;rsm; vkH;0zGifhvSpf rjzpfawmhbJ (2) bm
omoifausmif; (6) ausmif;rSmvnf; zGifhvSpfonf qdkkHrQ zGifhvSpfxm;onf/ ausmif;wufaom ausmif;om;OD;a&rSm
w0ufyif rSdacs/ tcsKdU av;ig;ausmif;avmufrQom qdkif&mu aoG;aqmifvnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rdbrsm;xH
vdkufvH ausmif;um;rsm;jzifh ac:jcif;aMumifh ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol 1^3 ausmf 2^3 eD;yg; wufa&mufaeonf/
xdkodkYaom ausmif;rsm;udk cGJ tvSnfhus oydwfwm;avonf/
14? 2? 1939 wGif oydwfwm;&aom ausmif;rsm;rSm(1) rufo'pfa,musFm;av;ausmif; (5) vrf;rawmf bufywpfausmif;
(2) rufo'pfrdef;uav;ausmif;
(6) pdefAifhqifausmif;
(3) q&mjzpfoifausmif;
(7) 0dwdk&d,ausmif;
(4) pdefar&D (vrf;rawmfausmif;)
ausmif;rsm;udk oydwfwm;&m atmifjrifavonf/
267
(p) a'guw
f mbarmfjyKwu
f sjcif;ESihf ausmif;om;rsm;aphpyfjcif;
a'gufwmbarmfonf oHCmawmfrsm;rS wqifh aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; jyKvkyfcJhaomfvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;u rEkwf
rxGufcsif; aphpyfrI rjyKvkyf[k ajymqdkavonf/ udkvSaTu a'gufwmbarmf EkwfxGuf&efom awmif;qdkavonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;u 1935 tufOa'udk zsuf&efom ajymqdkavonf/
1939 azazmf0g&D (16) &uf vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;wGif GeYf aygif;tpd;k &jzKwfcsa&; t,kt
H MunfrSt
d qdu
k kd
axmufcHol (70)? uefYuGufol (37) a,muf? Mum;ae (11) a,mufjzifh tqdktEdkif&Sd GefYaygif;tpdk;& jyKwfus
oGm;onf/ xdYk aeY rwdik rf D 15? 2? 39 wGif 91-XmetkyfcsKyfa&; romcsyGJrsm; &efukefwNrdKUvkH;wGif usif;yonf/
wdkYArmtpnf;tkH;onf aemufxyftpdk;& rzGJUbJ (&mxl; vufrcHMubJ) tkyfcsKyfa&;opfudk vTwfawmfwGif;?
vTwfawmfy wdkufzsufMu&ef vIHYaqmfavonf/ xdkvIHYaqmfrIwGif 20? 2? 39 wGif NrdKUawmfcef;r vlxktpnf;ta0;
usif;yavonf? &mxl;vufrcH&ef qkH;jzwfavonf/
Source: Aung Tun 's Original Copy
&efuek ,
f el AD mpDwD oydwaf rSmuf
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif;?
a&eHajroydwaf rSmuf
rsK;d csprf sm;tm; vnf;aumif;?
rEav; tmZmenf (17) OD;wdt
hk m;
vnf;aumif; tMuifemw&m;uif;rJpU mG ?
vlom;rqefpmG &uf&ufpufpuf
aoewfjzifh ypfouf&ef trdeahf y;cJaU om
e,fcsYJ NAw
d o
d Q\ vufuikd w
f w
k f
a'guw
f mbarmf OD;pD;onfU
Geahf ygi;f tpd;k &tm; jynfow
l u
hkd
romcstcrf;tem;w&yf pDpOfum
od'hk Pfcwfco
hJ nf
a'gufwmbarmfGefYaygif;tpdk;& jyKwfusoGm;onfhtcg Auoacgif;aqmif udkvSaTu aMunmcsufw&yf

xkwfjyefavonf/
&Jabmfw-hkd
GefYaygif;tpdk;& jyKwfusoGm;aomfvnf; igwdkYawmif;qdkcsuf r&Sdao;? &Sdatmif vkyfMu&OD;rnf/
igwdkY aoG;pnf;wdkufyGJ0ifvdkY jyKwfusoGm;onf/ odkYaomf xyfNyD; aoG;pnf;Mu&OD;rnf/
vSaT
Ou|
Auo
xdYk aemuf ausmif;om;rsm;onf GeYf aygif;tpd;k & Ekwx
f u
G f jyKwfusomG ;NyD;aemuf vufdS jrefrmEdik if b
H &k ifcu
H
tpd;k & zGUJ pnf;ay;&ef ay;tyfonft
h cg tkycf sKyfa&;pnf;rsOf;rsm;jyK vTwaf wmftrwf OD;oGix
f o
H Ykd pma&;om;tyfEMHS u&m
ausmif;om;rsm;u OD;oGifxHodkYay;pmrSm-
268

OD;oGif
txufvTwfawmftrwf
OD;rif;cifAsm;
1/ uRefawmfausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;ESifhwuG wdkif;jynftwGif; rausreyf jzpfaeMuaom tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk auseyfpmG Sad tmif OD;rif;ud,
k w
f ikd f eef;&if;0ef&mxl;udk vufcrH jS zpfrnf[k ,kMH unfvQif eef;&if;
0ef&mxl;udk vufcH? txufyg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk aqmifGufay;yg cifAsm;/
2/ tu,f txufyg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk oifhavsmfaom tcsdeftwGif; usaemfwdkY auseyfatmif rSdcJhaomf
eef;&if;0ef &mxl;rS EIwfxGufcJhyg&ef cifAsm;/
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269
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272

ocifrsm;tm; zrf;qD;csKyfcs,frIrsm;udk uefYuGufIwfcsaom &efukefNrdKUvkH;uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;udk 1940
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f (7) &uf? aeYvnf (1) em&DwiG f *sLAvDa[mk;H BuD; usi;f y&m vlxEk iS ahf usmif;om;rsm; wufa&mufcMhJ u
onf/ ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or* Ou| aersKd;oD[ol&bGJUcH udkvSarmifu]]ausmif;om;rsm;onf wdik ;f a&;jynfa&;wGif raeombJ xyfwvJvJ yg0if&rnf jzpfaMumif; ausmif;om;rsm;
\ tiftm;udk trsm;uyif odSdNyD;jzpfonf[k ,kHMunfaMumif;? EdkifiHa&;aqmifGuf&mwGif t"du okH;csufwdkYrSm
1/ rdk;xdatmif ajymNyD; tvkyfudk tenf;i,f pwifvkyfMu&rnf/
2/ rdk;vm;? uJvm;ajymvnf; ajym? tvkyfudkvnf; usyfjynfh wif;jynfh vkyfMu&rnf/
3/ ta&;BuD;vmonfhtcgwGif tajymudk avQmhajym tvkyfudk oufpGefUBudK;yrf;vkyfjy&rnf jzpfaMumif;?
,cktcg ta&;BuD;vmNyDjzpf tajymudkavQmh tvkyfudk oufpGefYBudK;yrf; vkyfaqmifMu&ef tcsdefMua&mufNyD
jzpfaMumif; owday; ajymMum;cJhonf/
(n) oHrPdwyfrsm;zGUJ pnf;jcif;

ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf Auotpnf;ta0;udk ykHrSef usif;yaeonfh tcsdefrS atmufwdkbmv
(1) &ufwiG f ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk usif;ycJo
h nf/ udv
k aS Tukd Ou| tjzpf aG;cs,fcNhJ yD; udAk [de;f udk twGi;f a&;rSL;
tjzpf aG;cs,fcJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; pnf;vkH;nDGwfrI tjrifhqkH;trSwfodkY a&mufvmonf/ zufqpf0g'ESifh ppf
0g'\ qdk;0g;ykHudk 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKdrSwqifh ausmif;om;rsm;onf wkwfudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUESifh {nfhcHyGJrS odSd&ayonf/
udkvSaTonf wuoOu|ae&mudk udkvSarmiftm; vJTajymif;ay;NyD;aemuf vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rItwGif;odkY
wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;yg 0ifa&mufvmMuonf/ Ou| udkvSarmifu ]qefhusifbufrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;&ef Armjynf
vGwv
f yfa&; jyef&&ef BuKd ;yrf;Muyg} [k ajymqdkoGm;avonf/ ausmif;om;oHrPdwyfudk uspfvpfcdkifrmpGm zGJUpnf;Mu
onf/ ausmif;om;oHrPdwyfrS udkarmifarmif (jrif;jcH) jzpfonf/ aemuf udkodrf;aqG? udkcspfNrdKif (AdkvfrSL;BuD;a[mif;)?
udkaX; (ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD twGif;a&;rSL;)? udkarmifudk (ppfudkif;)? udkazGefY(EdkifiHa&;twGif;0efa[mif;? vQyfppf)?
udkBuD;jrifhwdkYrSm oHrPdwyf nDvmcHac: ppfynmususee oifMum;&ef a&;qGJpDrHxm;cJhMu\/
(#)
ArmEdik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;or*toif;csKyf
umuG,fa&;oHrPdtzGJY BuD;
trdefhtrSwf (1)
atmufwdkbm (20)? 1939 ckESpf

1/
e,for*toif; oHrPdwm0efcHrsm;onf odap&rnfrSm ,cktcsdefwGif oHrPdpnf;rsOf;rsm; Oya'rsm;udk
a&;qGaJ eqJ jzpfonf/ xdak &;qGaJ ecdu
k w
f iG f oHrPdwyfrsm;zGUJ pnf;a&;udk qdik ;f iHrh xm;Muapvd?k tvkyw
f iG af tmifvyk Ef iS hf
Muapvdo
k nf/ oHrPdpnf;rsOf; NyD;ajrmuf&eftwGuf wvrQavmuf tcsdeMf umjrifv
h rd rhf nf/ xdt
k csdet
f wGi;f atmufyg
vkyfief;rsm;ukd vkyfESifhMuapvdkonf/ odkYrSomvQif igwdkY\vkyfief;BuD; rMumcif NyD;ajrmufatmifjrifvdrfhrnf/
2/ wyfom;pkaqmif;jcif;
oHrPdwyftwGuf ausmif;om; BuD;i,fraG; touf (8) ESprf t
S xuf tm;vk;H udk vufc&H rnf/ a&;qGaJ eqJ
oHrPdpnf;rsOf;rsm;ukd or*tzGJUcsKyf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu twnfjyKNyD;rS xdkwyfom;wdkYudk tkyfcsKyf ppfa&;jyap
&rnf/
3/ t0wftpm;
oHrPdpnf;rsOf;udk twnfrjyKrD wyfom;wdkYonf oifhavsmfaom t0wftpm;wdkYESifhyif ppfa&;jyoEdkifMu
onf/ a&;qGJaeqJ oHrPdpnf;rsOf;wGif wyfom;t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh ywfouf atmufygtwdkif; a&;xm;onf/
dk;dk;wyfom;rsm; 0wfqif&eft0wftpm;rSm(u) Syfvufwdktpdrf;ykwfa&mif aumfvmESifh
(c) abmif;bDwdk tpdrf;ykwfa&mif
273
(*) cg;ywft0ga&mif
(C) OD;xkwf ( 0g;zwfOD;xkwf) tpdrf;ykwfa&mif (t0g&pfESifh)
(i) ajctdwftpdrf;ykwfa&mif (t0g&pfESifh)
(p) bdeyf (tjzLa&mifr[kwfap&)
4/
ppfa&;jyoMu&mwGif trdefYay;rnfh Adkvfonf yxrqkH;wyfom;rsm;tm; rdrday;&rnfhtrdefYpum;vkH;rsm;udk
udk,fwdkif oduRrf;wwfajrmuf em;vnfxm;ap&rnf/ toHaetoHxm;? twdktSnf? twdrfteufudk aumif;pGmowd
jyK&rnf/ wyfom;rsm; av;av;uefuef vkyfvQifvnf; Munfhrae&/ wyfom;rsm; pnf;urf;rao0yfvQifvnf;
ppfa&;jyojcif;onf tydktvkyfom jzpf\/
oHrPdwm0efct
H &mSrd sm;ESihf wyfom;rsm; avhusi&hf ef
(1) trdefhay;rnfU AdkvftwGuf
trdeYf ay;rnfh Adv
k w
f yfom;wdYk tm; trdefYtmPmray;rD rdrdu (owd) ae&rnf/ xdkYaemuf trdefYray;rD
wyfom;rsm;tm; (oHrPd) [kaSUajy;pum; (owday;pum;) udk atmfNyD;rS vdk&mtrdefYudk ay;&rnf/ trdefYay;&mwGif
yg;pyfzsm;rS ayghqqxGuaf om toHrsKd;ESihf trdeYf ray;&/ vnfacsmif;rS tpfxGuaf om toHrsKd;ESihf av;av;eufeuf
trdefUay;&rnf/
(2) owd[k trdefhay;jcif;
trdefYonf t*Fvdyfvdk (Attention) [laom pum;ESifhvnf;aumif;? paumufrsm;\ (Alert) [laom
pum;ESiv
hf nf;aumif;? xyfwx
l yfrQ jzpfavonf/ trdeYfay;oltwGuf (owd) [k qd&k mwGif (o-oH) udk cyf Snf n
S q
f
JG
(wd) rsm;pGm jywfom; yDoap&rnf/ (wd) oHudk toHjzwfESifh wdkawmif;pGm trdefYay;&rnf/ (oESifh wd) Mum;wGif
wpfpuefY? ESpfpuefYrQ tcsed Mf umap&rnf/ (owd) [k qdak paomfvnf; o-"d[k vnfacsmif;oH xGuaf p&rnf/ owd[k
trdeUf ray;rD (oHrPd) udk yxrqifh qdk&rnf/ (oHrPd) [k qifhqdkvdkuf (2-3) puefYavmufMumrS owdudk
trdefYay;&rnf/
Oyrm- oHrPd -- om -- "d
t&mSdtrdefYay;vQif wyfom;rsm;u OD;acgif;? udk,f? ajc? vufwdkYudk wnfhrwf wnfNidrfpGm xm;&rnf/
rsufpdwdkYrS wyg; wudk,fvkH; rvIyfSm;&/ vufacsmif;rsm;udk tenf;i,fauG; vufrrsm;\ txufqkH; tqpfrSm
auG;aeaom vufdSK;tqpfay:wGif wnfSdap&rnf/ vufqpfwdkYudk ab;wGifxm; vufz0g;udk aygifzsm;bufodkY
vSnfhxm;&rnf/ vufrudk aSUvnf abmif;bDcsKyfdk; aemufem;wGif uyfcg oufompGmxm;&
rnf/ vufESpfzufpvkH; udk,fESifh ajzmifhwef;pGmxm;&rnf/ vufrsm;udk aemufodkYrauG;ap&/
ajczaemifhjcif; xdxm; ajcrwckESifhwck (8) vufruGm xm;&rnf/ wenf;tm;jzifh odUk
jyKvky&f mwGif axmifh (45) 'D*&D S&d rnf/ owdtrdefUudk vdu
k ef mjyKvkyf&mwGif toufudk atmifh
vludkjyif;xefpGm awmifhxm;&ef rvdkacs/
(3) oufom
(Stand at Ease) ESifh xyfwlxyfrQjzpfonf/ owdrS oufomodkY trdefYay;vQif b,fajcudk b,fbufodkY
waycefY aTU vufESpfbufudkvnf; wNydKifwnf; aemufodkY,lcg nmvufzrdk;udk b,fvufz0g;ESifh qkyfudkif&rnf/
vufrsm;udk aeom,kHqefY vIyfvIyfSm;Sm; raeap&/ udk,fudk ajcESpfacsmif;ay:wGif tm;jyK oufompGm ae&rnf/
wudk,fvkH; NidrfNidrfoufouf ae&rnf/ b,fajcudk aTU&m nmajcudk vkH;0vIyfSm;jcif; rjyK
vkyf&/
oufomrS owdodkY trdefYay;&mwGif wyfom;rsm;onf b,fajcudk nmajcodkY uyf
vufrsm;udv
k nf; (owd) trdefYrSmuJhodkY ae&rnf/
274

(4) {ap
(Stand Easy) ESifh xyfwlxyfrQjzpfonf/ (oufom) xuf ydk vGwfvyfpGm aeEdkifonf/ ajcESpfacsmif;rQ
ty wud,
k v
f ;Hk vIyf mS ;Edik ?f wyfom;rsm; ({ap) taetxm;wGif &yfae trdeUf ay;olu (oHrPd)[k qifq
h v
kd u
kd v
f Qif
tm;vkH; (oufom) taetxm;odkUjyif aeMuap&rnf/ NyD;rS trdefUay;oHudk apmifhqdkif;Mu&rnf/
(5) aejrJ
(As Usual) ESifh xyfwlxyfrQ jzpfayonf/ taetxm;wckckudk jyKvkyf&ef wyfom;rsm;u trdefYay;NyD;rS
vnf;aumif;? tjcm;wjcm; wpkw

H &maMumifh vnf;aumif;? oabmrus yxraejrJtwdik ;f aeap&ef trdeUf jzpfonf/
Oyrm-oufomrS om--wd [k trdefYay;onfhtcgwGif wyfom;rsm; aES;vGef;aomf vnf;aumif;jzpfap?
rnDveG ;f vnf;aumif;? wOD;wa,mufu rSm;,Gi;f aomf vnf;aumif; jzpf oufomodYk ay;aom trdeYf jzpfonf/
(6) oHrPdrSwf - rSm
trdeYf ay;jcif; r[kw/f uRrf;usifaom wyfom;d;k d;k wOD;tm;aomfvnf;aumif;? oHrPdwyfMuyfwOD;OD;tm;
aomfvnf;aumif;? trdeYf ay;olAv
kd u
f wef;pDjcif;wGif acgif;aqmifjyK aSUqk;H rS &yfwefY&ef cefYxm;oljzpfonf/ trdeYf
ay;olESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkif ESpfvSrf;tuGmwGif &yf (owd)taetxm;ESifh ae&rnf/ aemuftrdefYay;olu (oHrPd-oufom) [k trdefYay;rS (oufom) taetxm;wGif ae&rnf/ wyfpkrsm;vQif rsm;ovdk oHrPdrSwf OD;a&vnf;
rsm;&rnf/
(7) twef;pD
(On Parade or Full in) ESifh xyfwlxyfrQ jzpfap&rnf/ wyfom;rsm; &ifabmifwef;pD trdefYay;jcif;jzpf
onf/ oHrPdtwef; -- pD[k trdefYay;vQif wyfom;wdkYonf Sd&mae&mrS tvdktavsmuf (owd) vkyfNyD;vQif
(oHrPdrw
S )f qDoYkd avQmufvmMu&rnf/ oHrPdrw
S af b;wGif wa,mufpD 0if&yfcg(oufom) aeMu&rnf/ twef;pD
qdkonfhtcg wwef;wnf;om r[kwf? ESpfwef;pD&rnf/ aemufwef; yxrqkH;vlonf aSUwef; 'kwd,vl\ aemuf
wnfw
h nf?h ajcESpv
f rS ;f uGmwGif &yf&rnf/ twef;pDwiG f wyfom;rsm; wa,mufEiS w
hf a,muf wayrQ uGmjcm;ap&rnf/
vltwef; dSNyD;onfhwdkifatmif wyfom;rsm; nmbufodkY Munfhaevdrfhrnf/ xdktcg trdefYay;olu (aSUodkUMunfh)[k
trdefYay;&rnf/ xdkYaemufrS (oHrPd -- oufom) [k ay;&rnf/ oHrPdrSwfonf wyfom;rsm; vIyfSm;cdkufwGif
Nidrfae&rnf/ if;teD;rS wyfom; oufomvkyfNyD;rS olvnf; oufomvkyf&rnf/ aSUwef; wyfom;tjynfh Sd&rnf/
Mum;vyf raeap&/ aemufwef;a&m aSUwef;a&m vljynf&h efrmS pkjH zpfrS jynfo
h nf/ tu,f vlrjynfv
h Qif aemufwef;
b,fbufqkH;vlrS p a&;aomf trSwf (3) ae&momvQif uGufvyfwae&m jzpfap&rnf/
trdefh (7) twef;pDjcif;

oHrPdrSwf
ae&mvGwf
ESpfa,mufwwGJ ab;pDjcif;udk (twGJpDjcif;)[k ac:&rnf/ twGJpDcdkufaomf vnf;umif;? twef;pDcdkufaomf

vnf;aumif; ? wyfom;wdkYonf &,farmvIyfSm;jcif;wdkYudk aSmifMuOf&rnf/ tu,f wpkHwa,mufaom wyfom;
Oyrm- ajctdyf? abmif;bD? tuswckck jyifvdkvQif aemufwef;vljzpfvQif aemufodkY wvSrf;qkwf aSUwef;vljzpfvQif
aSUodkY wvSrf;wufum jyifqif&rnf/ trdefYay;olonf AdkvftpSdonfh t&mSdwdkYudk wpkHw&mwdkifwef;vdkygu
txufwGif a&;cJhonfhtwdkif; aSUaemuf wvSrf;qkwf owdxGuf&yfaeNyD;rS wdkifwef;&rnf/ oHrPdrSwf rygvnf;
oHrPdrSwfae&mwGif acw0ifa&muf aqmifGuf&rnf/
275
(8) nmu - nd
wyfom;rsm; vlpDjcif; taetxm; aumif;pGm rnDao;vQif trdefUudk ay;&rnf/ xdktcgoHrPdtrSwfESifh
aemufwef; nmbufqkH;vlrS vGJ usefwyfom;tm;vkH; aSUodkY ajcvSrf;w0ufrQ wuf&rnf/ NyD;rS ajcaxmufrsm;udk
wjznf;jznf; aTUum rdrdnmbuf wa,mufausmf wyfom;\ ar;zsm;uav;udk jrif&,kHSdonfhtcgwGif &yf&rnf/
trdefYay;oludk,fwdkif odkYr[kwf vufatmufcH t&mSdwOD;OD;u wyfom;rsm; nD? rnDudk ab;uae Munfh&rnf/
aSUxGuaf eolwYkdukd aemufaTU&ef ajym&rnf aemufxu
G af eolwYkdukd aSUwd;k &ef Tejf y&rnf/ trdeYfukd tcgcyford ;f ay;
&efrvdk/ wyfom;rsm;onf udk,fhbmomudk *kpdkuf jyifqif&rnf/ ta&;BuD;aom tcgBuD;&ufrsm;wGif trdefYudk
okH;jrJjzpfonf/ xdktwef; nd&mwGif acgif;ESifh rsufpdudkom vSnfh&rnf/ wudk,fvkH;vdkuf ukef;&efuG&ef rvdkay/
nmujyif? b,fujyif [laom trdefYwdkYonf trdefYay;olu wyfom;rsm; wpkHwckjyKvkyf&ef trdefYay;NyD;? &yfwefY
ae&m taetxm; rnDGwf ay;&aom trdefYjzpfonf/ odkYaomf wyfom;rsm;onf wpkHwckjyKvkyf NyD;onfhtcgwdkif;
xdktrdefYudk apmifhqdkif;&ef rvdk/ tvdktavsmuf udk,fwdkifnd&rnf/
(9) nmodkhMunfU? b,fodkhMunfU
ud,
k u
f kd wnfrh wfpmG xm; b,fbufoYkd vnf;aumif;? nmbufoYkd vnf;aumif;? acgif;apmif;Munf&h rnf/
(10) aSYodkhMunfU
txufutrdefYtwdkif; b,fbufnmbufodkY Munfhae&mrS aSUodkYMunfhap&ef trdefYwnf;/ wyfom;wdkif;
rsufpdwdkYonf aSUwnfhwnfhta0;odkY Munfh&rnf/
(11) oHrPd - - - trSwf
wyfom;rsm; trSwaf &&efay;aom trdeUf jzpfonf/ xdt
k cg aSUwef;nmbuf tpGeq
f ;Hk vl (oHrPdtrSwrf yg)
up (1-2-3-4-5) ponfjzifh b,fbuftqk;H vlwikd ;f wa,mufpD trSwu
f kd atmf Gw&f rnf/ xdo
k Ykd Gwq
f &kd mwGif
acgif;rvSnfh&/ aemufwef;u wyfom;rsm; trSwfatmf&ef rvdk/ ukd,fhaSU vltrSwfudkyif ,l&rnf/
(12) nmvSnfU
udk,fudk wnfhrwfpGmxm;? vufrvIyf&/ (1) nmajczsm;ESifh b,fajczaemifhudk <u udk,fudk nmbufodkY
vQifjrefpGm vSnfhNyD;rS (2) b,fajcudk nmajcem;odkY jzwfvwfpGm ,lcs/ trSwftwdkif; vltwdkif; ESpfwef; okH;wef;cGJ
vdkuf nmvSnfh? b,fvSnfh usifh&rnf/ odkYrS nDnmvG,faponf/
13) b,fvSnfU
txufygtwdkif; ajymif;jyef vkyf&efjzpfonf/ b,fajczsm;ESifh nmajczaemifh tenf;i,ff <uap&rnf/
(14) aemufvSnfU
nmvSnfhouJhodkY nmajczsm;ESifh b,fajczaemifhudk<u aemufodkY rsufESma&mufatmif
vSnfhjcif;wnf;/ (aemufvSnfh) onfhtcg rnfonfhtcgrQ b,frSrvSnfh&/
(15) nmapmif;
(Right in- cline) ESifh xyfwlxyfrQ jzpfonf/ b,f-nmvSnfhouJhodkY b,fbuf nmbufrsm;odkY vkH;vkH;
rvSnfh&/ w0ufom vSnfh&rnf/ apmif;NyD;onfh tcgwGif ajcz0g;rsm;rSm (owd) taetxm;rSmuJhodkY Sd&rnf/
(16) b,fapmif;
txufygenf;twdkif; b,fbufodkY apmif;&efjzpfonf/
(17) tcsdefrSwf
(Mark-time) ESihf xyfwx
l yfrQjzpfonf/ ae&if;ae&m b,fajcESihf nmajcudk wvSnphf aD jrmufacs? csacsjyK&
276

rnf/ udk,fvufwdkYudk rvIyfr&rf;ap&/ ajrmufaeaom ajcESifhajrBuD; tenf;qkH; (8) vufrcefY uGm&rnf/ wwfEdkif
vQif aygifESifh ajrBuD; ,SOfNydKifaeonfh txd ajrmufEdkifonf/
(18) &yf
tcsdefrSwfaepOf (&yf) trdefYay;&efrSm b,fajc ajrtuswGif (oHrPd) [k owday;pum; qifhqdkvdkuf?
aemufwBudrf b,fajc ajrtuswGif (&yf) [k oHjywfESifh trdefYay;&rnf/ (&yf) [k trdefYay;NyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf
b,fajcrSm ajrwGifusNyD;jzpf nmajcudk b,fajcteD;odkY odrf;vdkufcg &yfwefY&rnf/ ajcaxmufESifh wudk,fvkH;rSm
vnf; (owd) taetxm;Sdap&rnf/
(19) tjrefavQmuf
trdeYf ukd wyfom;rsm; &yfwefYaecdu
k rf mS jzpfap? tcsderf w
S af ecdu
k rf mS jzpfap? ay;Edik o
f nf/ trdeYf &onft
h cg
udk,fESifhacgif; wnfhrwfpGmxm; b,fajcaxmufu p vSrf;&rnf/ vufrsm;rSmvnf; b,fajcESifh nmvuf? nm
ajcESifh b,fvufwdkY wNydKifeuf vTJ&rnf/ vufrsm; vTJ&rf;onfhtcg wawmifudk rauG;&/ vrf;avQmufonfh tcg
ud,
k n
hf mbufu vlrsm;ESihf nDaeap&rnft
h jyif? aSUuvlEiS v
hf nf; ajcvSr;f jcif; nDaeap&rnf/ wyfom;wdik ;f aSUuvl?
ab;uvlrsm;ESifh ajcvSrf;nDatmif odkYr[kwf trdefYay;ol\ b,f-nm-b,f-nm[laom trdefYESifhnDatmif avQmuf
Mu&rnf/
(20) &yf
tjrefavQmufaepOf wyfom;rsm;tm; &yfwefY&ef trdefYay;jcif;jzpfonf/ nmajcajrtus (oHrPd) [k
owday;pum; qifhqdkvdkuf&rnf/ aemufwBudrfnmajcajrtuswGif (&yf) [k oHjzwfESifh trdefYay;&rnf/ xdktcg
wyfom;rsm;u b,fajc wvSrf;wuf nmajcESifhywf&rnf? &yfNyD;onfESifhwNydKifeuf wyfom;rsm;onf (owd)
aeMu&rnf/ tjrefavQmufaepOf wrdepfwGif ajcvSrf; (120) Sd wvSrf;ESifhwvSrf; vufr (30) uGm&onf/
(21) twef;vdkufavQmuf
wyfom;rsm; &ifabmifwef; avQmufjcif;wnf;/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh wyfom;ESpfwef; avQmufavhSdonf/
twef;vdu
k af vQmufjcif;rSm nDnm&ef rvG,u
f v
l aS cs/ odYk aMumifh yxrtrdeYf ay;olu wyfom;rsm;tavQmuf& vG,u
f l
ap&ef b,f-nm-b,f-nm[k Gwfqdkay;&rnf/ trSwfESifhavhusifhEdkifu taumif;qkH;jzpfonf/ (1) qdkvQif b,f
ajc aSSUwvSrf;wuf nmvufvnf; aSUodkY ypf&rnf/ (2) qdkvQif nmajcESifh b,fvufaSUodkY vTJ&rnf/ (3) qdk
vQif b,fajc nmvuf tpOfvdkuf (1-2-3-4-5) ponfjzifh vSrf;oGm;&rnf/ xdkodkY avQmufonfhtcg wyfom;wdkif;
rdrdnmbufuvludk t&dyftuJMunfh nDnmatmif avQmuf&rnf/ nmbufqkH;wyfom;rsm;rSm ajcvSrf;rSef; rusOf;
rus,fap&ef txl;*kpdkufap&rnf/
(22) b,fauGY - nmauGY
auGUaomtcg b,fjzpfap? nmjzpfap? a'gifrh eS f (Right Angle) jzpfatmif auGUay;&rnf/ ESpaf ,mufjzpfap?
ok;H a,mufjzpfap? av;a,mufjzpfap? twef;vdu
k jf zpfap auGUaomtcg twGi;f qk;H vlonf (b,fbufoYkd auGUvQif
b,fbufqkH;vl? nmbufodkYauGUvQif nmbufqkH;vl) ajcvSrf;udk quf rvSrf;bJ tcsdefrSwf aeap&rnf/ tjyif
bufqkH;vlu rdrdESifh &ifabmifwef; vdkonfhbufodkY rsufESmwlIrS aSUodkYquf wnDwnf;vSrf;&rnf/ aemufrSyg
onfh twGJrsm; odkYr[kwf twef;rsm;vnf; twdkif; jyKvkyf&rnf/
(23) nm-vSnfU
trdefUudk nmajc ajrtuswGif (oHrPd) [k owday;pum; qifhqdkvdkuf&rnf/ aemufwBudrf nmajc
ajrtuswGif (nm) [k trdefYay;&rnf/ xdktcg b,fajconf nmajcteD;odkY uyfvdkufonfESifh wcsdefwnf; (wjydKif
euf)? nmajconf nmbufodkY vSrf;&rnf/
(24)
xdkYtwl b,fbufwGif p trdefYay;&rnf/ Oyrm- oHrPd (b,f)-- (nm--vSnfh)

277
(25)
aemufvSnfhwdkif; nmbufrS vSnfh&rnf/ oHrPdaemuf--vSnfh [k trdefYay; (3) cGef;vkH;udk b,fajc ajr
tuswGifom ay;&rnf/ nmajcaSUwvSrf;wdk; b,fajcudk nmajc aSU uefYvefYcGcs/ nmajc<u aemufbufodkY
vSnfh? b,fajcudk odrf;? nmajcESifh vSrf; xGuf&rnf/
6/ tMuHay;TefMum;csuf
oHrPdwm0efcHrsm;ESifh wyfom;wdkYonf txufygtrdefYwdkYudk vdkufemaqmifGuf&ef yxr tawmfyif
tcuftcJEiS hf awGU&ayrnf/ odYk aomf pdwrf ysub
f J pmESiahf &;om;xm;onft
h wdik ;f (jznf;jznf;) tavhtusihf tprf;oyf
(3^4) OD; 0dkif;0ef; jyKvkyf usifh&rnf/ rSefNyD? ae&musNyDqdkrS wyfom;rsm;ukd wqifhjyoMu&rnf/ ppfa&;jy&mwGif
ydkrdk em;vnfap&ef tjcm;wwfod em;vnfolrsm;xHodkY csOf;uyfvnf;aumif;? if;wdkY vkyfykHudkifykHwdkYudk MunfhIU
vnf;aumif; enf;,l&rnf/ trdefYrsm;rSm wyfom;rsm;twGuf avhusifh&ef tajccHrQom jzpfonf/ rMumrD NyD;pD;
awmhrnfjzpfaom oHrPdpnf;rsOf;wGifrS trdefYrsm; tpkHtvif yg0ifvdrfhrnf/ trdefYrsm;udk vdkufem vkyfaqmif&ef
pmjzifh MunfhvkyfaeMuvQif tcuftcJawGU& enf;vrf;rus jzpfaeonfudkvnf;aumif;? wifBudKodSdNyD;jzpfonf/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap trSm;awGUrS trSefudkawGUrnf/ odkYjzpf pdwfrysufbJ ZGJaumif;aumif;ESifh udk,fhwm0efudk vkyfaqmif
Muapvdo
k nf/ oHrPdppfa&;jytwef; oifwef;wdYk ukd ,ckEpS t
f wGi;f aomf vnf;aumif;? odkYr[kwf ausmif;rsm;\ ESpf
vnf nDvmcHEiS ahf omf vnf;aumif;? yl;wGu
J sif;y&ef MuHpnf pDpOfxm;onf/ xdt
k cgwGif t&yf&yfdS oHrPdwm0efcrH sm;
odYk r[kwf oHrPdwyf ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk oHrPdppfa&; uRrf;usiforl sm;u vufxyfoifMum; jyoay;&ef pDpOfxm;
onfjzpfaMumif;/
xGef;Sdef
(X)
jrefrmEdik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;\ umuG,af &;oHrPdtzGUJ
xkwfjyefcsuf (2)
1/
oHrPdvufpJG (ac:) oHrPdpnf;rsOf; tcef; (1)? tyd'k f (4)? tydk'fi,f (*) wGif azmfjyxm;onfh pmtkyu
f kd
tzGUJ BuD;u rxkwaf 0Edik af o;rD tcsed t
f wGi;f wGif trdeYftrSwf (1)? xkwjf yefcsuf (2) ponfh pmwrf;rsm;udk vpOfxw
k af 0
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;/ odkYaMumifh e,fSd oHrPdwm0efcHrsm; owdjyK&rnfrSm tvkyf0w&m; cRwf,Gif;ayghysuf wm0ef
rausjzpfaevQif? oHrPdtzGJUBuD;rS vpOfay;oGm;rnfjzpfaom tvkyfrsm;udk rrDEdkifbJ aemufususef&pf tcuftcJ
rsm;ESifh awGUMuHKae&ayvdrfhrnf/
2/
oHrPdwyfrsm;? oHrPdpnf;rsOf; tcef; (6)? tykd'f (5)wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwkdif; oHrPdtkyfcsKyfol t&mSd
rsm;onf wyfrsm;udk zGUJ pnf;&m wyfom;rsm; toufEiS hf t&yftedrhf tjrifh ponfwUdk udk oifah vsmo
f vdk ,m,D pDrEH ikd cf iG hf o
dS nf/
okdYaomf wyfrsm;udk tkyfcsKyf&aomtcgwGif ppfwyfESifh wlEkdiforQwlatmif jyKvkyf&rnf/ pnf;urf; ao0yfa&;udk
txl;*kpkdufyg/ ppfa&;jyaecdkufwGif wyfom;rsm;? &,farmpum;ajymjcif;udk cGifhrjyK&/
3/ t0wftpm;
oHrPdwyf\ &nf,
G cf sufrmS wyfom;rsm;tm; ppfraI &;&mudk pHv
k ifpmG em;vnfapvdjk cif; jzpfonf/ t0wf
tpm;rSm ta&;tBuD;qHk;tcsuf r[kwf? 'kwd,ta&;BuD;onfh udprsKd;om jzpfonf/ oHrPd jyXmef;xm;onfh
t0wftpm;udk r0wfEikd o
f jzifh oHrPdwyfom; r[kw[
f k rqdEk idk /f oHrPdpnf;urf;rsm;udk rvdu
k ef mu oHrPdwyfom;
r[kw/f odYkaomf wyfom;rsm; oHrPdt0wftpm;udk 0wfqifEidk o
f nfh tcgwGirf l aooyfusempGm 0wfqif&efvadk yonf/
oHrPdO;D xkyf
0g;zwfOD;xkyf (t0g&pf) ESifh[kqdkxm;&m OD;xkyfrSm tywfwckvHk; 0g&efrvdk? tywf tm;vHk;udk tpdrf;a&mif
qkd;NyD;vQif tay:qHk; tywfrsm;udkom Asufvufrw0ufrQ Sdaom t0gpif;jzpfatmif qkd;&rnf/ xdkt0g&pfuav;
atmuf tpdrf;a&mif b,fzufab; tvnfwnfhwnfhwGif teDa&mif t0wfp (Asuf wvufrcGJ? tvsm; ESpfvufr)
a'gifvdkuf wyfqifxm;&rnf/ teDa&miftay:wGif rnfonfh trSwftom;udkrQ ra&;om; rjc,f&/
278

4/ oHrPdtrdefhay;jcif;rsm;
oHrPdwyfudk trdefYay;jcif;udp Oyrm- nmvSnfh[k trdefYay;vQif trdefYay;oltzdkY vG,fulaomfvnf;
trdefYemcH&olrsm;twGuf vdkufem&ef tenf;i,ftcuftcJ awGU&vdrfhrnf/ ajcvSrf; rSm;,Gif;Muonfudkvnf; rMum
cP awGUayrnf/ odYk aomf pdwrf ysufbJ BudK;pm;&ef vdak yonf/ trdeYf rsm;udk pmjzifah &;om;xm;&m t"dyg ,f t,ltq
vGaJ umif;vGaJ eayrnf/ rSi;f vif;aom udpr sm;twGurf l oHrPdtzGUJ BuD;odUk pma&; ar;jref;Ekid o
f nf/ tMuHOmPfvnf;
ay;Ekdifonf/
5/ oHrPdzGJYpnf;yHk
oHrPdzUJG pnf;yH?k &mxl;cefUxm;yHw
k Ukd ESihf ywfouf A[kw
d iG f adS om wm0efct
H rIaqmifrsm;rSm pdwu
f ;l avmufrQ
ESifhom pDpOf&onf/ tu,f vkyfudkifonfhtcgrsm;wGif rjzpfEkdifonfh udpr sm;udkvnf; awGUMuHK&aumif; awGUMuHK&
ayvdrfhrnf/ xdktcgrsKd;wGif e,foHrPdwyfrsm;onf A[dkodkY tMuHay;TefMum;jcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfapvdkonf/ odkYrSom
rSm;aeaom t&mrsm;udk trSefjzpfatmif jyifqifEkdif trSefrsm;udkvnf; ydkrdk aumif;rGefatmif pDrHEkdifayrnf/
6/
aemufq;kH owday;vdo
k nfrmS oHrPdzUJG pnf;a&;ESiyhf ufouf rnfoUkd cufcyJ ?kH taESmift
h ,Suf awGU&yHrk sm;udk
aocsm*PpGm tjrefq;kH tpD&ifcMH uapvko
d nf/ odYk ro
S mvQif xdt
k cuftcJ taESmift
h ,Surf sm;udk rnfoYkdrnfyw
kH eG ;f vSef
NzdKzsufEkdifrnfudk oHrPdtzGJUBuD;u BudKwifpOf;pm; wjynfvHk;Sd oHrPdwyfrsm;tm; tMuHay;Ekdifayrnf/
7/ oHrPdtkyfcsKyfol t&mSdrsm;ESifh tkyfcsKyfolrsm;
(u) oHrPdwyfMuyf? (c) oHrPdwyfMuyfBuD;? (*) oHrPd wyfMuyfrSL;? (C) vufaxmufAdkvf/
oHrPd t&mSdrsm;
(u) Adkvfuav;? (c) wyftkyfAdkvf (*) AdkvfrSL; (C) twkdifyifcHAdkvf (i) AdkvfcsKyf
&mxl;rsm;udk tu,f wdk;csJU&ef vkdvm;tyfaom tcsdefwGif wkd;csJU&ef &nfG,fxm;aMumif;/
8/ wm0efrsm;
(u) oHrPdtMuyf? oHrPdwyfMuyf
olonf wyfpkwckwGif (4) a,mufxuf ydk rSdEkdifacs/ if;onf wyfom;kd;kkd;xuf &mxl;tqifhtwef;
wxpfomjrifhonf/ wyfom;dk;dk; wa,mufudk tkyfcsKyf&onfh acgifolBuD; oabmrsKd;om jzpfonf/ ol\tvkyf
wm0efrsm;rSm ppfa&;jy&m olYxuf&mxl;jrifhaom wyfMuyfBuD;? wyfMuyfrSL;ESifh vufaxmufAdkvfuav;wdkYudk ulnD&
rnf/ vufarmif;&pfrSm tSnf (3) vufr? tus,f vufrw0uf Sdap&rnf/ xdkvuf&pfudk ycHk;tqufatmufESifh
tusvufzsm;wdkY tv,fwnfhwnfhwGif b,f? nm wyfqif&rnf/
(c) oHrPdwyfMuyfBuD;
olonf wyfpkwckwGif trsm;qHk; (3) a,mufom Sdap&rnf/ oHrPdwyfMuyf&mxl; wqifhjrifhonf/
olonf ppfa&;jy&m wyfom; (20) xd udik Ef idk o
f nf/ vuf&pfEpS &f pf wyfqif&rnf/ 'kw,
d t&pfukd yxrt&pfatmuf
wnfhwnfhwGif vufr0ufjcm;wyfqif&rnf/
(*) oHrPdwyfMuyfrSL;
olonfwyfpkwckwGif ESpfa,mufxufydk rSdap&? ppfa&;jy&mwGif vl (30) txd oifMum;jyoEkdifonf/
olonfwyfom;rsm;udk oifMum;jyo&rnfjzpfojzifh ppfrIa&;&mwGif tawmfwwfuRrf;NyD;ol jzpf&rnf/ wyfrsm;udk
trdefYay;wwfap&rnf/ vuf&pf (3) &pf wyfqif&rnf/ wwd, t&pfudk yxrt&pfxuf vufr0ufwGif wyfqif
&rnf/ olonf tMuyfBuD;xuf &mxl;wqifhjrifhonf/
(C) vufaxmufAdkvf
vufaxmufAdkvfrSm Adkvfuav;atmufwGifSd tMuyfrSL;xuf tqifhtwef;jrifhonf/ olonfAdkvfuav;
rSdckdufwGif wyfpkwpkvHk;udk MoZmay; pDrHcefUcGJ&rnf/ vufaxmufAdkvf[k qdkaomfvnf; olonf oHrPdtzGJUwGif
t&mSdwOD; r[kwfacs/ wyfpkwckwGif vufaxmufAdkvf wa,mufom SdEkdifonf/ vufaxmufAdkvf cefYxm;&m
(or*rsm;ESifh Adkvfuav;) u rcefY&/ wyfom; (40) odkYr[kwf (40) atmufSd wyfom;rsm;u rJaG; wifajrmuf
ap&rnf/
279
oHrPdt&m&Sdrsm;
(u) Adkvfuav;
Adkvfuav;rSm oHrPdwyfpkudk tkyfcsKyfonfh t&mSdwOD;jzpfonf/ ,cktcsdef oHrPdoifwef;rsm; pmar;yGJ
rsm;udk rusif;yEkdifao;ojzifh Adkvfuav;&mxl;udk or*toif;toD;oD;rS oifhavsmfrnfh oludk cefYxm;Mu&aprnf/
Adkvfuav;wGif wyfpkudk oabmSdovdk oHrPdpnf;rsOf;twkdif; pDrHjc,fv,
S Ef idk o
f nf/ wyfom;wOD;OD;udk xkwyf ,f
ypfEidk o
f nfh tmPmSo
d nf/ wyfpw
k ckv;kH udk tkycf sKyf&m olonf ta&;BuD;qHk;yk*dK vf jzpfonf/ wyfom; (40) rjynfhbJ
wyfom; (25? 30? 35) qdkvQifvnf; or*toif; toD;oD;wdkYonf xkdwyfom;rsm;udk tkyfcsKyf&ef Adkvfuav;
wa,muf cefYap&rnf/ Oyrm- jrif;jcHwGif oHrPdwyfom; (69) a,mufSdonf/ xdk (69) a,mufpvHk;udk wyfAdkvf
uav; wOD;wnf;ESifh rudkifEkdif/ odkYjzpf wyfAdkvfuav; ESpfOD;Sdap&ef or*rsm;u Adkvfuav;wOD;udk aemufxyf
cefUxm;Mu&rnf/ oHrPdtrdefYay;jcif;ESifh qkdiforQ vkyfief;rsm;udk oHrPdwm0efcH Adkvfuav;onf aumif;rGefusepGm
uRrf;usif ap&rnf/ if;tjyif pnf;rsOf;ESifh tjcm;vkyfief; wm0efrsm;udkvnf; uRrf;usif&efvkdayonf/ udk,fwkdif
ppfa&;jyjcif;udk trdeUf ay;wwfap&rnf/ wyfpEk iS yhf wfouf wpHw
k ck jyKvkypf rD zH ,
G f v
dS Qif Adv
k u
f av;onf wyfMuyfrLS ;?
wyfMuyfBuD;? vufaxmufAdkvfwdkYESifh wkdifyif pDrH&rnf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap olonf wyfpkwckudk tkyfcsKyfEkdifrnfh
t&nftcsif;ESifh jynfhpHkap&rnf/
(c) wyftkyfAdkvf
olonf wyfom; (160) odkYr[kwf Adkvfuav; (4) OD;ukd tkyfcsKyfoljzpfonf/ olonf Adkvfuav;xuf
&mxl;wqifh jrifhonf/ wyfom; (160) rjynfhaomfvnf; wyfom; (80) u ausmfvQif wyftkyfAdkvfwa,muf Sdap
&rnf/ xdkwyftkyfAdkvfudk oHrPdpnf;rsOf; rajymif;ao;rD oHrPdrsm;uyif cefYxm;Mu&rnf/ Oyrm- ajrmif;jrNrdKUwGif
ausmif; (3) ausmif; Sdonf/ wausmif;wGif wyfom; (30)? wausmif;wGif wyfom; (50)? wausmif;wGif wyfom;
(45) a,mufSdonf[k qdkMupdkY/ wyfom; (30) Sdaom ausmif;wGif wyfMuyf (3) a,muf? wyfMuyfBuD; (2)a,muf?
wyfMuyfrLS ; (1) a,muf (ae&mwGif wyfMuyfrLS ;onf vufaxmufAv
kd &f mxl;udk ,lEidk o
f nf/) Adv
k u
f av;wa,muf
Sdayrnf/ wyfom; (50) Sdaom ausmif;wGif wyfMuyf (5) a,muf? wyfMuyfBuD; (3) a,muf? wyfMuyfrSL; (2)
a,muf vufaxmufAdkvfwa,muf? Adkvfuav; wa,mufSdrnf/ wyfom; (45) Sdaom ausmif;wGif tMuyf (4)
a,muf? odkYr[kwf (5)a,muf? wyfMuyfBuD; (3) a,muf? wyfMuyfrSL; (2) a,mufSdrnf/ vufaxmufAv
kd w
f a,muf?
Adv
k u
f av; wa,mufrdS nf/ wNrdKUvH;k Sd wyfom;rsm;udk tkycf sKyf&ef wyftyk Af v
dk w
f OD; S&d rnf/ Adkvfuav; (3) OD;udk
ausmif;toD;oD;Sd or*toif;wdkYu wifajrmuf wyftkyfAdkvfudk NrdKUvHk;qkdif&m or*u wifajrmuf&rnf/ Adkvf
uav;rsm;onf wyftkyfAdkvf\ MoZmtmPmudk emcH&rnf/
(*) Adv
k rf LS ;
Adv
k rf LS ;rSm wyftyk Af v
kd rf sm;tay:wGif tkycf sKyfot
l &mSjd zpfonf/ ol\wm0efrmS ol\ vufatmufwGif Sdaom
wyftm;vHk;wdkY\ wdk;wuf&m wkd;wufaMumif;udk pDrHcefYcGJenf; vrf;Tefjy&rnf/ e,fvHk;qkdif&m oHrPdt&mSdyif
jzpfonf/ AdkvfrSL;udk rnfonhfor*rsm;rS rwifajrmuf&/ oHrPdtzGJUcsKyfuom wkdufdkuf cefYxm;rnf/
9/
oHrPdwyfcGJyHk
40960
10240
2560
640
160
40
10 - 10 - 10 - 10
- wyfrawmf
- wyfaygif;csKyf
- wyfaygif;pk
- wyfaygif;
- wyfzGJU
- wyf
- wyfpdwf
10/
wyfpdwfudk oHrPdwyfMuyf tkyfcsKyfrnf/ wyfudk Adkvfuav; tkyfcsKyfrnf/ wyfzGJU wyftkyfAdkvf? wyfaygif;
AdkvfrSL;? wyfaygif;pk twdkifyifcHAdkvf? wyfaygif;csKyf wyfrawmfAdkvfcsKyfwdkY toD;oD; tkyfcsKyfMurnf/
11/
280
oHrPdtrdefUay;jcif;rsm;/ / trdefYtrSwf (1) rS quf trdefhtrSwf (23-24) wdkY\ xyfrHSif;vif;csuf/

(23) oGm;vsuf nm - - vSnfU
trdefYudk b,fajc ajrtuswGif oHrPd[k owday;pum;udk qifhvkduf&rnf/ aemufwBudrf b,fajc
ajrtuswGif (nm) [k trdefYay;&rnf/ aemufwzef b,fajcajrtuswGif (vSnfh) [k jywfom;yDopGm ay;&rnf/
xdkYaemuf nmajcaSUodkY wvSrf;vSrf;? aemufb,fajc aSUwvSrf;wuf/ tcg b,fajcaSU-nmajcaemuf jzpfae
vdrrhf nf/ xdrk S vlwud,
k v
f ;kH nmbufoUkd vSn
hf nmajcESihf pvSr;f cg qufvuf avQmufomG ;&rnf/ trdeYf ay;NyD;aemuf
qufvuf vSrf;jcif;rSm tSdefowfjcif; jzpfonf/
(24) oGm;vsuf b,f - - vSnfU
trdefYudk nmvSnfh trdefYay;ouJhodkY oHrPd (b,fajc) b,f -(b,fajc) vSnfh/ (b,fajc)? trdefUay;
&rnf/ vSnfh[k trdefYay;NyD;aemuf nmajcESifh tSdefowf? xdktcg nmajcaSU-b,fajcaemuf taetxm; Sdvdrfhrnf/
xdkYaemuf vlwudk,fvHk;udk b,fbufodkY vSnfhvdkufNyD;vQif b,fajcESifhp vSrf;&rnf/
(25) oGm;vsuf aemuf - - vSnfU
aemufvn
S w
hf idk ;f nmbufrS vSn&hf rnf/ oHrPd (b,fajc)? aemuf (b,fajc)? vSnhf (b,fajc)/ xkUd aemuf
nmajcudk aSUwvSr;f wk;d tSed o
f wf/ b,fajcudk nmajc\ aSUuyf uefYvefYcs? if;aemuf nmajcESihf ayguf
aemufvn
S /hf b,fajcwcsufayguf vHk;0aemufvSnfh nmajcESifh vSrf;xGuf&rnf/
(26) tav;jyK
tav;jyKtrdefYudk rjyKvkyfrD wyfwzGJUvHk;onf (owd) taetxm; Sdap&rnf/ oHrPdtav;jyK trdefYay;
aomtcg vufoD;qkyfvsuf nmbufvufudk wHawmifqpfrS txufodkYcsKd;? vufarmif;udk udk,f\ab; uyfxm;?
vufoD;qkyfudk aSUodkYvSnfh? aemufvufarmif; wckvHk;udk rsufvHk;\ab;wGif wef;wef; txufodkYajrmuf&rnf/
vufo;D qkyu
f kd aSUbufuo
kd m vSnx
hf m;&rnf/ vufukd xkwaf omtcgvnf; vufarmif;udk aS;enf;wl wHawmifcsK;d
NyD;rS atmufodkYcs&rnf/ vufudktay:odkY ajrmufxm;onfhtcgwGif ESpfpuefYrQ Mumap&rnf/
(27) NyD; - - ap
trdeYf ay;rnfadS omtcg wyfwckv;kH onf aSUwef;? aemufwef; ESpw
f ef;om Sad p&rnf/ Adv
k v
f yk o
f u
l oHrPd
NyD;ap[k trdeYf ay;vQif wyfom;tm;vH;k onf nmbufoYkd vSn&hf rnf/ xdYk aemuf Adv
k v
f yk o
f u
l kd xH;k pHtwkid ;f tav;jyK
NidrfoufpGm xGufcGmoGm;&rnf/ wyfom;rsm; tdktaoay;aomtcg Adkvfvkyfoluvnf; jyef tdktaoay;&rnf/
(28) nmujyif
trdefYonf oifcgp wyfrsm;ESifh 0ifcgp wyfom;rsm;tzdkY jzpfonf/ vkyfaqmif&m nmundrSmuJhodkY
jyKvkyf&rnf/ odYk aomf trdeUf rSm avhusifch ef; wckcu
k kd jyKvkyaf qmifu
G Nf yD;onfh tcg? twef;ESihf rnDnm jzpfae
aomaMumif?h twef;n&d efcikd ;f aom trdefYwnf;/ wwfuRrf;NyD;aom wyfEiS hf wyfom;wdkYrmS trdefYukd Adv
k u
f ray;
&bJvsuf wyfom;rsm;udk,fwkdif avhusifhcef;wckckudk vkyfNyD;u jyifMundMu&rnf/
(29) ajcvSrf;jyif
vrf;oGm;&if; ajcvSrf;rSm;aecJhygu aSUajczaemifhudk aemufajczsm;ESifh xd aSUajcudkyif qufvSrf;&rnf/
odkYr[kwf vSrf;vsufSdaom taetxm;twdkif; (pHk) ckef aSUodkY wdk;Ekdifonf/ Oyrm ajcvSrf;rSm;aeolonf oGm;aepOf
aSUajc? nmaemufajc bufSdaeonf xm;MupdkY/ if;ol ajcvSrf;jyifcsifygu aemufajcjzpfaom b,fudk quf
rvSrf;bJESifh Sd&if;taetxm;twkdif; (pHk) ckefvdkufcg ckefwdk;wdk; vdkuf&rnf/ tcsdefrSwfaomtcg rSm;aeaom ajc
wbufudk ajrmufcsnf-cscsnf ESpfBudrfwkdifwkdif jyKvkyf&rnf/
(30) nm - apmif; (odkhr[kwf) b,f - apmif;
(twef;vku
d o
f mG ;vsu)f if;trdeYf ukd ay;vku
d af omtcg wyfom;rsm;onf b,f (odYk r[kw)f nmodYk apmif;
(w0ufvSnfh) avQmufoGm;&rnf/ a'gifhwef;avQmufjcif;yifwnf;/ wyfom;rsm;onf twef;rysufatmif owdjyK
281
avQmufMu&rnf/ avQmufaomtcg rdrd\ aSUem;usaomvl\ ausmv,fESifh rdrdykcHk; (b,fapmif;u b,fykcHk;?
nmapmif;u nmykcHk;)ESifh wef;atmifxm; rsufESmrl&modkY wef;wef;rwfrwf avQmuf&rnf/
(31) twGJvkduf b,f (odkhr[kwf) nmapmif;
trdefYrSm txufavhusifhcef;uJhodkYyif av;a,mufwGJ (odkYr[kwf) oHk;a,mufwGJ (odkYr[kwf) ESpfa,muf
wGJ twGJvdkuf? apmif;cg a'gihfwef; avQmufapjcif;aywnf;/
12/
,ckvtwGuf ppfa&;jytpDtpOf
,ck wvvHk;twGuf wyfom;rsm;tm; ppfa&;jyo&ef avhusifhcef;rsm;rSm (trdefYtrSwf - 1 ESifh ,ckv
oHrPd xkwjf yefcsuf - 2) ESpcf ak ygif;wGif (27) rsK;d So
d nf/ teuf (27) rsK;d vH;k udyk if avhusiMhf uap&rnf/ xdo
k Ykdavhusihf
Muap&mwGif tcsdeu
f kd uefYowf tvkyv
f yk Mf uapvko
d nft
h wkid ;f atmufwiG f tcsdepf m&if;ESihf tvkyu
f w
kd
JG jyxm;ay
onf/ ,ckvwvvHk;udk &ufowav;ywfcGJ jyxm;onf/ ppfa&;jyvQif tenf;qHk; wem&DMumap&rnf/ xdkwem&D
udkvnf; (3) ydkif; ydkif; yxr (10) rdepf/ 'kwd, (40) rdepf/ wwd, (10) rdepf cGJjcm;xm;onf/
yxrtywfwGif oifMum;&efrSm trdefYtrSwf (1) owdrS p trdefY trSwf (16) nmapmif; txdwkdYudk
aocsmpGm wwfajrmufatmif jyKvkyo
f ifMum; Murnf/ ppfa&;jyowkid ;f yxr (10) rdepfwiG f wwyfv;kH udk Adv
k u
f ,
kd w
f idk f
,cifu oifMum;jyo NyD;pD;cJhonfwkdYudk jyefvnfjyoap&rnf/ 'kwd, (40) rdepfwGif wyfudk wyfpdwfrsm; cGJvkduf
yg/ qkdif&m wyfMuyfrSL;? vufaxmufAdkvfwdkYtm; ppfa&;jyoap&ef wm0efvTJtyfay;&rnf/ wwd, (10) rdepfwGif
wwyfvHk;udk Adkvfudk,fwkdifBuD;Muyf xdkaeY jyoNyD;orQ avhusifhcef;rsm;udk jyefvSef jyoap&rnf/ (yxrqHk;up
ppfa&;jy&aom ppfwyfrsm; tzkdYrSm? yxr (10) rdepf Adkvfu ppfa&;jyrnfhtpm;? wyftaMumif;udk Sif;vif;ajym&rnf/
'kwd,tywfwGif trdefYeHygwfpOf (17) tcsdefrSp trdefYeHygwfpOf (22) avQmufvsuf b,fauGU- nmauGU
txdwdkYudk aocsmpGm wwfajrmufatmif avhusifhay;&rnf/ ppfa&;jyonfhtcsdefESifh wyfrsm;udk avhusifhay;ap&ef
txufenf;twkdif; pDpOf&rnf/
wwd,tywfwGif trdefUtrSwf (23) oGm;vsuf b,fvSnfh-nmvSnfhrSp trdefYeHygwfpOf (25) oGm;vsuf
aemufvSnfhtxdwdkYudk txufenf;twkdif; cGJjcm;a0zef oifMum;&rnf/
pwkwtywfwGif useftrdefYrsm;udk ukefpifatmif txufenf;twkdif; cGJjcm;a0zef oifMum;&rnf/
13/
ppfa&;jywm0efrsm;
Adkvfuav;- wyfMuyfrSL;rsm;ESifh vufaxmufAdkvfwkdY wyfpkrsm;udk ppfa&;jyaepOf oGm;a&mufMunfhI&rnf/
(u) wyfom;rsm;\ 0wfpm;qif,ifyHkudk owdjyK&rnf/
(c) wyfMuyfrSL;rsm;ESifh vufaxmufAdkvfwkdY ppfa&;tjyrSm;aevQif? 0ifa&mufjyifqifjyo trdefYay;&rnf/
(*) wyfom;rsm;\ trnfpm&if;udk ppfa&;jyolwkdif; *kjyK pm&if;,l rSwfom;ap&rnf/
wyfMuyfrLS ;ESifU vufaxmufAv
kd -f olwkdYonf Adv
k u
f av; wwyfv;kH udk ppfa&;jycdu
k w
f iG ?f wyfMuyfrsm;? wyfMuyfBuD;rsm;
wkYd\ wm0efukd vH;k 0aqmifu
G &f rnf/ wyfMuyf? wyfMuyfBuD;wdYkrmS Adv
k u
f av;ppfa&;jycku
d f wyfom;rsm;ESihf a&maESmum
ppfa&;jyo Mu&rnf/
wyfMuyfESifU wyfMuyfBuD;- if;wdkYrSm trdefYay;ol wyfMuyfrSL; (odkYr[kwf) vufaxmufAdkvfwdkY ppfa&;jypOfwGif?
wyfom; ydkrdkem;Sif;apjcif;iSm trdefYrsm;udk yxrvkyfudkif aqmifGuf jyMu&rnf/ wzef wyfom;rsm; ppfa&;jyaom
tcg trSm;awGUvQif wa,mufpDudk vkdufvHjyifqifay;&rnf/
ta&;awmfyHkatmifygap/
(4? 12? 39)
282
(!)
jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f mausmif;om;rsm;\ umuG,af &;oHrPdtzGUJ
xkwfjyefcsuftrSwf (3)
(1)
oHrPdausmif;om;rsm;\ ppfwyfjzpfonft
h m;avQmpf mG ppfa&;ppfrEI iS hf ywfouforQ toH;k taqmif t&m0wK
wkYd ukd wwfEidk o
f rQ tpGr;f ukejf ynfph akH tmif pkaqmif;xm;SEd idk &f ef vdt
k yfonft
h wkid ;f Adv
k v
f yk o
f rl sm;u BudK;pm;Mu&rnf/
oHrPdwyfrsm;wGif ppfrIppfa&;ESifh ywfouf em;&nf0aeolESifh wwfuRrf;ol (Specilalist) rsm; SdMuap&rnf/
oHrPdwyfwikd ;f wGif taxmuf (uif;axmuf War Scouts) twwfukd aumif;pGmwwfuRr;f atmif avhvmolrsm;vnf;
vdkayonf/ ajryHkqGJtwwf? awmckwfcsKHwkd;? wHwm;aqmuf? ajruwkwfwl;qGjcif; twwfwdkYudkvnf; wwfEkdifvQif
avhvmMu&ef vdkayonf/ ppfwyfwwyfvQif txufygwyfom;rsKd;rsm;u wwyfwzGJU? "g;ckwf? vSHxkd;? tajrmuf?
aoewfudkifwG,f wu,fowfjzwf&ol ppfom;rsKd;uwrsKd; SdMupjrJjzpfonf/ wyfrsm;udk tkyfcsKyfol Adkvfrsm;rSmrl
xdktwwftm;vHk;udk tenf;ESifhtrsm; wwfEkdifvQif tpGrf;ukefwwfajrmuf&ef vdkay&m XmecsKyfrS Armjynft&yf&yfSd
Adkvfrsm;twGuf oHrPdoifwef;rsm;udk ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGif; zGifhvSpfEkdif&ef BudK;pm;aeaMumif;? oHrPdvufpGJ
pmtkyfudkvnf; rMumrDxGufEdkifatmif BudK;pm;rnfjzpfaMumif;/
(2)
e,fSd oHrPdwyfcGJrsm; rnfodkYrnfyHk c&D;a&mufaeonfudk XmecsKyfrS taotcsm rod&/ owif;pmrsm;wGif
awGU&oavmufESifh or*toif;rsm;xHrS or*toif;csKyfxHodkY ydkYpmrsm;wGif Mum;nyf pmESpfaMumif;? oHk;aMumif;
avmuf a&;vku
d Mf uorQudo
k m od&onf/ wyfcrJG sm;rS ay;ydYk pmrsm; xifoavmuf ra&mufadS cs/ twkid ;f c&D;oGm;
rjzpfacs? tpOftjrJvv
kd kd tquftoG,f adS erSom vkyaf qmif jzpfajrmufEidk rf nf/ oHrPdwm0efcrH sm;onf rdrw
d Ykda'oSd
oHrPdwyf toD;oD;wdkY\(u) wnfaxmif&mwGif tcuftcJ
(c) wyfom;OD;a&
(*) ppfa&;jyonf? rjyonf ponfwdkYudk tjrefqHk; tpD&ifcHMuapvdkonf/ oHrPdwyf rwnfaxmif&ao;
aom or*toif;rsm;rSmvnf; wnfaxmifEkdif&ef tjref BudK;pm;oifhMuayonf/
(3)
oHrPdppfa&;jy trdefYrsm;wGif vkdufemvkyfaqmif&ef tcuftcJawGUu XmecsKyfodkY csufjcif; taMumif;Mum;
&ef rarhEiS /hf tMuHPfay;oifv
h Qiv
f nf; vufraES;bJay;ydYk u wwkid ;f jynfv;kH twGuf tusKd ;jzpfonf/ oHrPdwyfrsm;
wnfaxmif&jcif;\ taMumif;udkvnf; oifwkdY odNyD;jzpfonf/
(4)
ppfa&;jytrdefhrsm;
(trSwf - 31 rS tquf)
(32) nm - - ESpfcg - - auGY

trdefYudk oHrPdwyf ppfcsDwufaepOf ay;&efjzpfonf/ trdefYudk (b,fauGU) (nmauGU) rSm uJhodkYyif
ay;&rnf/ Adkvfvkyfol trdefYay;vQif wyfom;rsm;onf yxrnmbufodkY wBudrfauGUvkduf aemufwBudrf xyfrHum
nmbufodkY auGUum qufvuf ppfcsDMu&rnf/ ppfa&;jytrdefY (25) rSmuJhodkY avQmufvmcJhaomvrf;rSmyif xyfrH
aemufjyefvSnfhum avQmufjcif;r[kwfbJ wyfwwyfvHk;auGU aemufodkYjyefavQmufjcif;jzpfonf/ Oyrm wyfom;
(10) a,muf? trSwf (1) rS (10) txd/ aSUaemuftpOfvdkuf avQmufvmonf qkdMuygpdkY? ppfa&;jytrdefY (25)
twkdif;qdkvQif? trSwf (1) onf yxrwGif aSUacgif;aqmif avQmufvmaomfvnf; jyefvSnfhonfhtcg trSwf
(10) wyfom;onf acgif;aqmif avQmuf&onf/ trdefYtrSwf (23) rSm aSUqHk;rS acgif;aqmif csDwufvmolonf
aemufqHk;odkY a&mufroGm;bJ aSUqHk;uyif qufvufcsDwuf&ef jzpfonf/
yHkudkMunfUav-
15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15
nmESpfcgauGU jyefavQmuf&m yxrvmcJhaom vrf;\ nmbufem;rSyif uyfjyefavQmufMu&rnf/
283
(33) b,f - - ESpfcg - - auGY
nmESpfcgauGUrSm uJhodkYyif acgif;aqmif avQmufoludk
aSUqHk;rSxm; aemufrS wyfom;rsm;onfvnf; acgif;aqmif
wyfom;auGUonfh ae&modkYa&mufrS auGUMuum csDwufcJhonfh
vrf;\ b,fbufem;rS uyf vmcJhaom c&D;udk jyefvSnfhjcif;
jzpfonf/
ppfa&;jytrdefh - 32? 33 okyfjyyHk
(34) nmodkh (odkhr[kwf) b,fodkh av;a,mufpkvsufav;a,muf - wGJ? ESpfa,muf - wGJ (&yfvsuf)

trdefYudk wyfom;rsm; &yfwefYaepOf ay;&rnf/ ppfa&;jy&ef pvkdufonfESifh wyfom;rsm;onf (2) wef;
pDcJhNyD; jzpfvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaemuf aSUwef; (1-2-3-4-5) tpSdojzifh a&&rnf/ aemufwef; wyfom;rsm; trSwfa&&ef
rvkd/ aemufwef;wyfom;rsm;rSm rdrdwdkY aSUwnfhwnfh wyfom;rsm;\ trSwfudkom rSwfxm;&rnf/ av;a,muf
wG[
J k trdeYfay;vdu
k v
f Qif aSUwef;? aemufwef; pHt
k rSwf (2-4-6-8) ponfjzifh wyfom;rsm;onf aemufoYkd ajcwvSr;f
(vufr-30) b,fajcESifh vSrf;vkdufNyD;vQif nmbufodkY nmajcESifh ajcwvSrf; (vufr-24) vSrf;vkduf&rnf/ xdk
tcg wyfom; twef;ESpfwef;onf av;a,mufwGJpD av;wef;jzpfoGm; pHk-trSwf wyfom;rsm;onf r-trSwf
wyfom;rsm;\ aemufwnfw
h nfw
h iG f SMd uvdrrhf nf/ b,fbuftpGeq
f ;kH wyfom;wdUk onf (r) trSwjf zpfap? (pH)k trSwf
jzpfap? av;a,mufwGJMu&rnf/ b,fbuftpGefqHk;ESifh 'kwd,wyfom;rsm;rSm rnfonfhtcgrQ rwGJ&/
(u) tu,f wyfom; (16) a,muf twGJ (7) wGJSdonf qdkMuygpdkh
xdktcgwGif av;a,mufwGJ wGJ&ef vG,fvG,fESifh jzpfvdrfhrnf/ tu,f wyfom; (18) a,muf twGJ (9)
wGJ SdaevQif? aemufqHk; (b,fbufqHk;) wyfom;rsm;rSm (r) trSwf jzpfaeaomfvnf; rdrdwdkYnmbuf (pHk) trSwf
wyfom;rsm;ESifh wGJMu&rnf/ aemufqHk; wyfom;rsm;\ nmbuf pHktrSwftom;rsm;rSm rvIyfSm;&/ xkdtcgwGif
aemufq;kH wyfom;rsm;ESihf wwGaJ usmf (r) trSwf wyfom;rsm;rSm ESpfa,mufwnf; Sdaevdrfhrnf/ xkdwyfom; ESpfa,muf
teuf aemufwef; wyfom;rSm aemufokdYwvSrf; qkwfvkduf&rnf/
(c) twGJpHk- aemufvyfESifU
rSwfcsuf- aemufvyfqkdonfrSm twef;pD&mwGif aSUwef;ESifh aemufwef; vlrnDrQ Oyrm - aSUwef; (8) a,muf?
aemufwef; (7) a,mufjzpfaevQif? aSUwef;ESifh aemufwef; tuGufaphatmif aemufwef; b,ftpGefqHk;rS aea&
aomf - wwd,ajrmufae&mudk ae&mvyfxm;&rnf/ xdkae&mvyfudk aemufvyf[k ac:onf/
(ppfa&;jy trdefh (7) udk jyefMunfUav)
av;a,mufwGJ[k trdefYay;aomtcg aemufvyf\ nmbufuyfvsufSdaom wyfom;onf aemufodkY
wvSrf; vSrf;ay;&rnf/
(*) twGJr - aemufvyfESifU
av;a,mufwGJ[k trdefYay;aomtcg? aemufvyfae&mudk csefvSyf tjcm;twGJrsm;rSm - wGJjrJ wGJoGm;
Mu&rnf/ xdktcg aemufvyftwGJrSm - wa,mufwnf;om Sdaevdrfhrnf/
(C) aSYwef;aemuf SdaevQif (Oyrm-Adkvfvkyfol wyfom;rsm;tm; aemufvSnfU[k trdefhay;aomtcg)
aemufvyfae&monf aSUwef;odkY a&mufaevdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf aSUwef;wGif rnfonfhtcgrQ ae&mvyf
rSdap&/ odkYaMumifh aemufwef;rS aSUae&mvyfESifh wnfhwnfhwyfom;onf aSUwef;odkY wuf&vdrfhrnf/ xdkYaemuf
av;a,muf wG&J mwGif (pH)k trSwt
f om;rsm;onf nmajcESihf aSUodUk wvSr;f wuf? b,fajcESihf b,fbufoUkd wvSr;f vSr;f
vdkuf&rnf/ tu,f aSUwef;? aemufwef; vltjynfh-twGJ rjzpfvQif? ,cifu aemufodkYqkwf&aom wyfom;onf
,cktcg aSUodkYwuf&rnf/ (ppfa&;jytrdefh (34-u) udk MunfUav) wzufpmrsufESmrS yHkrsm;ESifUwJGzufMunfUyg284
trdehf (34)
wJNG y;D yHk
trdehf (34-u) twJpG kH - vlppd x

D m;yHk
wJNG y;D yHk
trdehf (34-c) twJrG - vlppd x

D m;yHk
wJNG y;D yHk
trdehf (34-*) twJpG kH - aemufvyfEiS Uf pDxm;yHk
wJNG y;D yHk
trdehf (34-C) aSw

Y ef;aemuf Sv
d l
285
(35) ESpfa,muf - - wGJ
(u)
av;a,mufwGJpOf cGJwufMu&aom wyfom;rsm;onf udk,fhae&modkY udk,fjyefa&mufatmif b,fajcESifh
b,fodkYvSrf; nmajcESifh aSUodkYwufMu&rnf/ (ppfa&;jytrdefh (34-u) udk MunfUav)
(c)
aemufwef;onf aSUSdrl - av;a,mufwGJpOfu cGJxGuf&aom wyfom;rsm;onf? nmajcESifh nmodkY
vSrf; b,fajcESifh udk,fhae&modkY udk,fjyef0ifMu&rnf/
(*)
aemufodkY wvSrf;qkwf&mom wyfom;rsm;rSm aSUodkYwvSrf;wuf aSUodkY wvSrf;wuf&aom wyfom;
rsm;rSm aemufodkY wvSrf;qkwf&rnf/
(36) b,f (odkhr[kwf) nm
ppfa&;jytrdefY (34) udk jyKvkyfNyD;aomtcg? Adkvfvkyfolu b,f (odkYr[kwf) nm [k qdkvdkufvQif Adkvft
rdeYf ay;&mbufoYkd wyfom;tm;vH;k vSnv
hf u
dk &f rnf/ xdYk aemuf (csD - - wuf) [k trdeYf xyfraH y;vdu
k v
f Qif aSUodYk csw
D uf
Mu&rnf/
(37) b,f (odkhr[kwf) nm -- vSnfU
,cktrdefYrSm b,fodkYvnf;aumif;? nmodkYvnf;aumif; vSnfh&efay;aom kd;dk;trdefYrsKd; r[kwf/ ppfa&;jy
trdefY (36) udk ay;NyD;aomtcg? Oyrm (b,f) [k Adkvfvkyfolu nmvSnfh[kqdkvQif nmbufodkY vSnhfHkomru?
trSwf (35) twdkif; udk,hfae&modkYudk,f jyef0ifMuum? (2)a,muf wGJMu&rnf/ Oyrm- AdkvfrS (nm)[k trdefYay;
b,fodkY trdefYay; - b,fokdY jyefvSnfhapvdkvQif Adkvfvkyfolu (av;a,mufpkvsuf - nm -- vSnfh) [k trdefY
ay;&rnf/
(38) (2 - a,mufwGJpD ae&mrS) 4 - a,mufwGJ
(u)
xdktcg (pHk) trSwf wyfom;rsmonf nmbufodkY wvSrf;vSrf;vkduf b,fESifh aSUodkY wvSrf;wuf
Mu&rnf/ Oyrm- twGJ (1? 2? 3? 4? 5? 6) Sd? twGJ (1) onf aSUqHk;rS aSUodkU rsufESmrlaevQif? xdktwGJ\aemufwGif
Sdaom (2? 4? 6) ponfh pHktrSwfwGJrsm;onf txufyg enf;twkdif; av;a,mufwGJMu&rnf/
(c)
tu,f (6) trSwfwGJonf aSUqHk;rS aSUodkYrsufESmrl (5? 3? 1) trSwfwGJrsm;onf b,fajcESifh bufbuf
odkY vSrf; nmajcESifh aemufodkY av;a,mufwGJrdatmif qkwfMu&rnf/
trdehf (38-u)
6
1
2
3
1
trdehf (38-c)
6
1
3
286

(*)
,cifu ppfa&;jytrdefYrsm;t& - aSUwkd;? aemufqkwf vkyfMu&aom wyfom;rsm;onf ,cktcg ab;odkY
wvSrf;xGufjcif;? 0ifjcif;udkom jyKvkyfMu&rnf/
(39) (tcsdefrSwfpOf) av;a,mufwGJ
trdefYudk trdefYtrSwf (35) twkdif; trdefYay;&rnf/ (nmodkY av;a,mufpkvsuf - av;a,mufwGJ)
wyfom;rsm;onf tcsdefrSwfaeMuvdrfhrnf/ b,fajcajrtuswGif yxrtrdefYudk ay;? 'kwd,trdefY (av;a,muf)udk
b,fajcajrtuswGif xyfrHay;um? aemufwBudrf b,fajcajrtuswGif (wGJ) udk ay;&rnf/ xkdtcg (pHk) trSwf
wyfom;rsm;onf wGJ[k Adkvfu trdefYay;NyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf nmajcudk ajrodkYjyefcs b,fajcESifh aemufodkY
qkwfvkdufum nmajcESifh nmbufodkY vSrf;vdkuf&rnf/ nmajcvSrf;NyD;vQif &yfwefY rae&/ qufvuf tcsdefrSwf
aeMu&rnf/ (b,foYkd av;a,muf pkvsuf av;a,mufw)JG [k qdv
k Qif? nmwGipf trdeYf ay;NyD;vQif wyfom;rsm;onf
vnf; nmbuf ajcrSp vSrf;Mu&rnf/
(40) (tcsdefrSwfvsuf) 2 a,mufwGJ
tcsdefrSwfae&mrS - b,fajcajrtuswGif (2a,muf) [k trdefYay; aemufwBudrf b,fajcajrtuswGif
(wG)J [k ay;&rnf/ wyfom;rsm;onf yxrb,fajcESihf b,fbufoYkd vSr;f vdu
k
f aemufwBudrf b,fajcajrtuswGif
(wGJ) [k ay;&rnf/ wyfom;rsm;onf yxrb,fajcESifh b,fbufodkY vSrf;vdkuf nmajcESifh aSUodkYwufMu&onf/
(41) (oGm;vsuf) 4- a,mufwGJ
trdefYudk b,fajcajrtuswGifom ay;&rnf/ (wGJ) [k trdefYay;NyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf (r)wyfom;wkdYonf
nmajcESihf ud,
k t
f Sed f owfvu
dk
f ESpBf udrt
f csderf w
S Nf yD;vQif qufcsDwufMu&rnf/ (r) wyfom;wkYd tcsderf w
S af ecku
d f
(pH)k wyfom;rsm;onf txufygenf;rsm;twkid ;f av;a,mufwMJG u qufvuf csDwufMu&rnf/ xdt
k cg (r)wyfom;
rsm;ESifh (pHk) wyfom;rsm;onf ajcvSrf;wnDwGwf jzpfoGm;vdrfhrnf/
(42) (oGm;vsuf) 2 a,mufwGJ
trdefYudk b,fajcajrtuswGifay; vkdufemonfh wyfom;rsm;onfvnf; txufygenf;rsm;twdkif; udk,fh
ae&modkY udk,fjyef0ifMu&rnf/ b,fbufwyfom;rsm;onftcsdefESpfcg rSwfMu&rnf/
(43) (&yfvsuf) nmodkh twef;jyK
twef;jyK[k AdkvfutrdefYay;vQif aSUwef;? nmbufqHk; wyfom;rsm;onf nmbufodkY vSnfhae? aSUwef;
usew
f yfom;rsm;onf trdeYf trSwf (15) rSmuJo
h Ykd nmodYk apmif;vku
d Mf u&rnf/ xdUk aemuf Adv
k v
f yk o
f u
l tjrefavQmuf[k
trdefYay;&onf/ xdt
k cg aSUwef;? nmbufq;kH nmodkYvn
S x
hf m;onfh wyfom;rsm;onf aSUodkY ESpv
f rS ;f csDwufNyD;vQif
&yfwefYae&rnf/ twef;wckvHk;onf twef;pDrysufapbJ? nmbufqHk; wyfom;&yfae&mESifh &ifaygifwef;pDrDatmif
csw
D ufNyD;vQif &yfwefYMu&rnf/ aemufwef; nmbufq;kH wyfom;onf aSUodYk ESpv
f rS ;f wuf aSUwef;nmbuf wyfom;
\ rlvae&mudk ,lNyD;vQif nmbufoYkd vSnu
hf m &yfwefYae&rnf/ usew
f yfom;rsm;rSm aSUwef;ESihf wygwnf; tpDtwef;
rysufapbJ? nmbufqHk;wyfom;ESihf &ifaygifwef;rdatmif csDwuf&yfwefYMu&rnf/ b,fodkY twef;jyKvnf; txuf
enf;twkdif; jyKvkyfMu&rnf/
(yHkudk MunfUav)
(44) (oGm;vsuf) twef;jyK
txufenf;twkid ;f yif tvH;k pHk jyKvkyMf u&rnf/ odYkaomf nmbufq;kH wyfom;rsm;rSm ae&mopfoYkd a&mufvQif
&yfraebJ tcsdefrSwfae b,fbufrS wyfom;rsm;udk apmifhqkdif;Mu&rnf/ b,fbuf wyfom;rsm;vnf; nmbufqHk;
wyfom;rsm;ESifh &ifaygifwef;rdvQif tcsdefrSwfaeMu&rnf/ Adkvfvkyfolu csDwuf&ef trdefYay;rS qufvuf csDwuf
Mu&rnf/ nmodYk twef;jyKvdv
k Qif nmajcajrtuswiG f trdeYf ay; b,foYkd twef;jyKvv
kd Qif b,fajcajrtuswiG f trddefY
ay;Mu&rnf/
287
(45) (twGJrS) nmodkh - twef;jyK
nmbuftwef;onf aSUqHk;wyfom;rSty usefwyfom;rsm; nmodkYapmif;? b,fbuftwef; nmvSnhf?
tjrefavQmuf[k trdefYay;u? nmbufwef; aSUqHk;wyfom;rsm;onf aSUokdY ESpfvSrf;wuf? usefwyfom;rsm;onf
aSUqHk;wyfom;ESifh &ifaygifwef;rdatmif csDwufMu&rnf/
b,fodkY twef;jyKvkduvnf; b,fbuftwef;onf b,fodkYapmif; nmbuftwef;onf b,fvSnfh
NyD;vQif aS;enf;twdkif; qufvufvkyfudkifMu&rnf/ (yHkudk MunfUav)
trdehf (43) &yfvsuf nmodhk twef;jyKykH
rlvtwef;rsm;
nmbufodkh twef;jyKNyD;yHk
aSYwef;nmapmif;xm;yHk (rlvtwef;)
aSY (2) vSrf;
trdehf (45) twJrG S nmodhk twef;jyKykH

aSY (2) vSrf;
nmbufodkh twef;jyKNyD;yHk
rlv (2) a,mufwJG SdyHk
aSYwef;nmapmif;xm;yHk
288

(46) tcrf;tem;pDjcif;
tcrf;tem;pDjcif; qkdonfrSm t*Fvdyfvdk (Ceremonial Prade) [k ac:onf/ wyfom;tm;vHk;udk twef;
wwef;wnf; jzpfatmif yxrpDvkduf&rnf/ xdktcg tedrfhqHk;wyfom;rsm;rSm b,fbufqHk;wGif Sdap t&yftjrifhqHk;
wyfom;rsm;rSm nmbufq;kH wGif SMd uap&rnf/ nmrSp tpOfvu
kd f trSwfa&&rnf/ (r) trSwfwyfom;rsm;tm;
aSUodkYwvSr;f ? (pH)k trSwf wyfom;rsm;tm; aemufodkYwvSrf; vSrf;&ef? (r- trSwfwyfom;rsm; aSUwvSrf;wuf?
pHk- trSwfwyfom;rsm; aemufwvSrf;qkwf - - vSrf;) (vSrf;) [k trdefYay;&rnf/ xdkYaemuf Adkvfvkyfolu (b,fnm- vSn)hf [k trdeYf ay;&rnf/ aSUwef;wyfrsm;onf nmbufoYkd vSn
hf aemufwef;wyfom;rsm;onf bufbufoYkd
vSnfhvdkufMu&rnf/ xdkYaemuf Adkvfvkyfolu (b,f-n m-vSnfh) [k trdefYay;&rnf/ (tjrefavQmuf) [k trdefYay;
aomtcg? aSUwef; nmbufqHk; wyfom;rsm;onf &yfwefYae&rnf/ usefwyfom;rsm;onf rsufESmrl&m bufodkY
avQmuf/ aemufwef; wyfom;rsm;onf nmbufodkY auGUcg aSUwef; aemufqHk;vlESifh qufrdatmif avQmufMu&rnf/
xdkodkY wwef;vnf; avQmufoGm;aepOf aSUqHk;rS wyfom;rsm;onf aejrJae? 'kwd,wyfom;rsm;onf yxrwyfom;
\ nmbufodkU xGuf ESpfvSrf;uGmwGif &ifaygifwef; &yfwefUae&rnf/ wwd,wyfom;rsm;onf yxrwyfom;\
aemufwGif &yf? pwkwwyfom;rsm;onf 'kwd,wyfom;uJhokdY nmbufodkY xGufcg? 'kwd,wyfom;\ aemufwGif
&yf&rnf/ xdkodkY tm;vHk;wyfom;rsm; vkyfudkifNyD;vQif wyfwckvHk;udk jcHKMunfhygu ywvm;yHk wnfSdvdrfhrnf/
trdehf (45) tcrf;tem;pDjcif;

(u) *Pef;wckukd vlwa,mufvrhkd w
S yf g
(c) r-trSwrf sm; aSw

Y vSr;f wuf nmvSn?Uf pH-k trSwrf sm; aemufwvSr;f qkwf b,fvn
S Uf
(*) vlpck GJ avQmufykH
(C) avQmufNy;D pDxm;yHk
289
()
ausmif;om;rsm;umuG,af &; - oHrPdxw

k jf yefcsuf trSwf (4)
ausmif;om;rsm; umuG,fa&;oHrPdwyf[laom pum;ESifhavsmfnDpGm e,frS wyfom;ESifhAdkvfwkdYonf ppfcsD

ppfwwfESifh oufqkdifaomt&mwkdYudk rsm;pGmoduRrf;em;vnf&ef vkdayonf/ Adkvfvkyfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYwwfEkdiforQ
tpGr;f ukef ppftwwfukd r&ru vku
d v
f H mS azG pkaqmif;Mu&rnf/ ppfwu
dk &f mwGif ta&;BuD;aomtcsufum; vufeuf
tiftm;? vltiftm;? aiGtiftm;ESifh Adkvfrsm;\ t&nftcsif;wnf;/
a&jyif? ajrjyifESifh aumif;uifrSwkdufaom wyf[k tMurf;tm;jzifh (3) pm; cGJvdkufvQif ArmjynftzkdYum;
a&jyifESifh avjyifudk csefvSyf ajrjyifwkdufaom wyfrsm;twGufom pdkif;jyif;Mu&rnf/
tuG,ftumrsm;
ajrjyifwu
dk af om wyfwYkd twGuu
f m; tuG,t
f umonf 'kw,
d ta&;BuD;qH;k jzpf\/ wkid ;f jynf wjynfwiG ;f
csDwufwu
dk cf u
kd pf Of awmwGi;f ? awmifMum;ESihf ajrjyifrsm;wGif csDwufMu&wwfonf/ xdt
k cdu
k t
f wefY &efow
l Ydk tem;odYk
wwfEidk o
f rQ csO;f uyfEidk &f efum;? ud,
k w
fh yfukd &eforl sm;tvG,Ef iS hf rjrifEidk af tmif MuHaqmifMu&rnf/ csw
D ufomG ;vmqJ
ESihf ausmv
f eG cf NhJ yD;aom ae&majruGurf sm;udk aemufcH (Background) ac:&rnf/ if;aemufcEH iS ahf tmufc\
H ta&mift
qif; tajctaewdkYudk aocsmpGm odSdxm;&rnf/ odkYodSdrSom if;aemufcHta&mifudk rdrw
d dYk wyfom;rsm;u vku
d
f
0wfqifEidk o
f nf/ aemufct
H a&mifukd vku
d
f 0wfqifjcif; tusKd;um; ta&mifjcif; a&maxG;aeojzifh tvG,fwulESifh
&efolrsm; rjrifEkdif? tjypfum; 0wfNyD; t0wftpm;wdkYudk rMumcP ajymif;vJ&ef cJ,Of;vS\/ odkYaomf wwfEkdiforQ
wlatmif BudK;pm;&rnf/
Oyrm- &efukefNrdKUESifh ywfvnf\ aemufcHESifh atmufcHwdkU ta&mifrSm atmufu jrufaygrsm;onfh tjyif
opfawm xlxyfvSojzifh tpdrf;a&mifjzifh vTrf;awmh\/ xkdodkY aemufcHSdaom t&yftwGuf t0wfum; tpdrf;a&mif
taumif;qHk;? tndKa&mif? teufa&mifESifh umuDwkdYudk 0wfqifuvnf; tvG,fESifh jrifEkdifrnfr[kwf/ if;wkdYtpm;
tjzL? teD? t0gwkdYudk oHk;rdrSmrl vG,fulpGm jrifEkdif,HkrQru tpdrf;wGif;uGuf xifSm;pGmjrifjcif;ESifh pufuGif;
jzpfjcif;wkdYrS umuG,f&ef? atmufcH aemufcHwdkYESifha&maom ta&mifudk 0wfqif&rnf/ rdrd0wfaom t0wfa&mifonf
aemufcEH iS hf a&maecJv
h Qif ajrjyifuu
kd f (200) avmuf twGi;f Nidro
f ufpmG arSmufaeHrk Qyif &eforl sm;u jrifEidk rf nfr[kw/f
(A[dkrS oifUawmfaom t0wfudk jy|mef;ay;vdrfUrnf/)
tuG,ftumtjzpf toHk;jyKEkdifonfwdkYum; opfyif? jrufyifpkuav; wawmifxGmomomSd opfyifi,fpk?
csKyH w
k ?f pnf;k;d wef;? opfyif&yd f (aeajymufMum;aom ae&m) opfiw
k w
f ?dk ajredr?hf uke;f jrifrh S p? rdrw
d Ykd t&yfa&maeonfh
ae&mudk vkduf PfSdovkd rsufuG,f? usnfuG,f Munfh ,lMu&rnf/
rdrduG,fumxm;aom t&m\ tultnDtm;jzifh rjrifEkdifHkomSdaom t&mudk rsufuG,f? rdrdudk &efol
rjrifEkdifkHomru &efolusnfqHrsm; rrSefatmif uG,fxm;onfh t&mudk usnfuG,f/ odkYaMumifh tumtuG,f,l&m
usnfuG,f&atmif ,lEdkifu aumif;vS\/ ,ck toHk;csaeaom ppfkdifz,faoewfrSm 'k (5 - 6) aycefYSdrS usnfuG,f
Ekid o
f nf/ usnfu,
G u
f m; ud,
k w
f idk w
f ;l xm;aom ajrmif;urlwYkd rmS taumif;qH;k jzpf\/ pnf;k;d wnf;paom csKHyw
k w
f Ykd rmS
&efolrsm;u tvG,fwul rjrifEkdifaomfvnf; pdwfxifESifhyif pufaoewfESifhvSrf; ypfvdkufu tm;vHk;pkjyHK aowwf
onf/ tuG,ftum,lonfh ae&m rnfodkY ,lrnf? rnfonfh ae&muaumif;onf[k taotcsm a&;ay;&efum;
cJ,Of;vS\/ Adkvfrsm;u yifudk,fPfudk oHk; ae&mtaetxm;udk MunfhNyD;vQif oifhovkd ,lMu&rnf/ OyrmurlrS aumif;onf[k a&;xm;aomfvnf; wkdufckdufaeaomtcg urlrSdu todkYvQif urludk tuG,ftumtjzpf
toHk;jyKEkdifawmhtHhenf;/
e,frS Adv
k w
f Ydkonf rdrw
d Ykd\ t&yfa'oudk ud,
k w
f idk f pdppfMunfh
I rnfoYkdtumtuG,,
f rl nf/ b,fae&mu
awmh aumif;onf/ awmifwef;u b,fvkdpDwef;aeonf paom ajrjyiftajctae (Cover) wdkYudk aumif;pGm od
em;vnf&rnf/ tuG,ftumtwGufrSm e,fu Adkvfrsm;ESifhwuG wyfMuyfrsm;\ Pfudkrsm;pGm rSDaeonf/
ykef;uG,fenf;
awmwGif; opfyifrsm;tMum; oGm;vm&pOf opfcufopfGufwdkYudkvnf; vSnfhpm;aeaom tykef;tajc
taejzifh toHk;cs&rnf/ Oyrm- awmwGif;oGm;vmaeygu opfcufrsm;udk wdk;oGm;vQif &efoltvG,fwul jrifEkdifrnf
r[kwf/ xdkYjyif wawmifavmufom jrifhaom opfyifuav;rsm;udk usKd;wdk;usJwJ aygufapaom t&yfjzpfumrl?
if;tyifrsKd;udk OD;xkyfxkd; arSmufaeygu tjcm;opfyifrsm;ESifh a&maxG;NyD;vQif vludkjrifEkdifrnf r[kwfay/
290

tumtuG,f ,lNyD;onfah emuf ta&;BuD;onft
h csufum; Nidro
f ufpmG aeEkid zf kdY jzpf\/ Nidro
f ufpmG raebJ
vIyfSm;aeygrl? &efolu ta0;rS tvG,fESifh jrifEkdifvdrfhrnf/ vIyfonfhtcgvnf; ajz;ajz; vIyfrSef;rod vIyf&rnf/
Oyrm- acgif;udk awmifbuf Munfah e&mrS ajrmufbufukd MunfhvdkvQif awmifrSajrmufudk csufjcif;rvSnfh&/ ajz;ajz;
tcsdefudk tukefcH vSnfh&rnf/ odkYr[kwfu toufSd ow0grSef;odrl? wwyfESifhwwyf ,SOfNydKif ypfcwfaeMuaom
tcg? vludkjrifrS ypfrnfr[kwf/ ,cif qdkcJhNyD;onfhtwkdif; txifESifhyif vSrf;ypfcwfwwfojzifh NidrfoufpGm ae
Ekdif&efudk txl;BudK;pm;zkdYvdkayonf/
tuG,ftum,lyHk
tuG,t
f um,lpOfrmS trsm;tm;jzifh tvsm;arSmufvsuf w
dS wfonf/ tvsm;arSmufjzpfjcif;? uG,,
f jl cif;rSm
ud,
k u
f aSUudrk sm;pGm vSr;f rjrifEidk af omfvnf; &efo\
l usnfxrd eS zf Ydk rmS rsm;pGmcJ,Of;vSonf/ aoewfrmS trsm;tm;
jzifh cg;&if;avmufom vSrf; ypfwwfonf/ tu,f ajray:Syfypfu vlqDra&mufrD vrf;tMum;wGif wkduf
tjcm;t&m0wKrsm;udk rSefaeEkdifonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh ,lxm;aom tuG,ftum\aemuf nmbuftpGef; trdwfem;rS
vlae&m,l arSmufae&onf/ urlrSmvnf; xkdenf;twlyif odkYaomf urlxdyf opfyifpkuav;rsm;Sdu xdyfvnf;
ae&m,lEidk o
f nf/ urlxyd t
f pGe;f ae&m,lpOf rsuv
f ;kH wbufuo
kd m azmfxm;&rnf/ nmbufu tuG,,
f rl S aoewfEiS hf
rsufv;kH wbufukd nmbuf xm; vlukd opfyiftuG,t
f um ponfwYdk u zH;k tkyx
f m;vdrrhf nf/ b,fbufu,lygu
vlwud,
k v
f ;kH azmfNyD;rS aoewfukd xkwaf zmfEidk v
f rd rhf nf/ b,fbufu rnfonfhtcgrQ ae&mr,l&/
tuG,ftumae&m ra&mufrD uGif;jyifrsm;udk jzwfausmf oGm;p&mSdvQif vludkjzefYcGJ tjref tajy;oGm;&
rnf/ uGif;jyifr[kwfu rvkd/ tuG,f,lvQif jrefpGm,l? if;tuG,fudkcGmu vsifjrefpGmcGm&rnf/ awmwGif; opf
yif wyifESifhwpfyif ul;&mwGif vsifjrefpGmul; vludk tenf;i,fjzefYNyD; wNydKifwnf; ajy;&rnf/ odkYrS ypfcwfrnfo
h l
u ypf&ef aG;cs,f r&cif? tuG,fudk vla&mufEkdifonf/ vlrcGJbJ ul;u vlpkBuD;udk wae&mwnf; jrifae&ojzifh
pufuiG ;f aumif; jzpfaevdrrhf nf/ vlcv
JG u
dk
f tkycf sKy&f usyw
f nf; oGm;wwfonf/ (txl;*kjyK&rnf) csKHwef;udk ausmf&m
jzpfEkdifonf/ tu,f wae&mwnf;rS ausmf aES;aevQif pufuGif;aumif; jzpfwufonf/ ppfwkduf&m pufuGif;
aumif; rjzpf&ef rsm;pGmaSmifMu&rnf/ aemufq;kH ypfuiG ;f usu tumtuG,f rSad omfvnf; uGi;f jyifwiG yf if arSmuf
ypfMu&onf/ xkduJhodkY ae&m,l&m tjrefqHk;ajy; tjrefqHk;arSmufNyD;vQif vludk tus,fqHk;csJ&rnf/ tkyfr&atmif
vnf; rcsJ&/
(P) ajratmufvyI &f mS ;rIEiS hf ausmif;om;rsm;

twGif;pnf;onf 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkBuD; ay:ayguf&ef vIHYaqmf&yfwnfay;NyD;aemuf twGif;pnf;rS
udkEk? udkatmifqef;? udkvSazwdkYonf udkA[def;ESifh udkvSaTwdkYudk vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;twGuf pnf;Hk;cJhonf/
twGif;pnf;tzGJUonf vQKdU0SufpGm vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;twGuf xyfrHzGJUpnf;cJhMuonf/ ausmif;om;jzpfcJhaom
trsm;pkrSm ,aeYxufwdkif vlxkMum;wGif MoZmoufvsuf Sdonf/ udkEkonf bmoma&;t& vufeufudkif awmfvSef
a&;udk odyftm;ray;csifaomfvnf; udkatmifqef;url vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;twGuf qHk;jzwfcJhonf/
'kwd,urmppfaMumifh ausmif;rsm;rydwfcif udkvSarmif (rdwDvm)? udkAaqG? udkjr? udkarmifarmif (aq;aum
vdy)f ? oHrPduakd rmifarmif (jrif;jcH)? udo
k ed ;f aqGwYkd onfvnf; vQKdU0Supf mG ajratmufawmfveS af &; zGUJ pnf;aqmifu
G &f ef
pmGufpmwrf;rsm;ESifh wuG TefMum;csufrsm; ay;cJhavonf/
Armjynfw0Srf;vHk; vQKdU0SuftzGJUcGJrsm; zGJUpnf;&mwGif ocifESifh ausmif;om;rsm;udk trmcHr@dKifjyK tvkyf
orm;? awmifolv,form;ESifh jynfcspfyk*dKvfrsm; tygt0if zGJUpnf;&ef owfrSwfcJhMuonf/
AuoESifh wkdYArmtpnf;tHk;onf yl;wGJtpnf;ta0; usif;yNyD;aemuf vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJtwGuf aqG;aEG;
cJMh uonf/ 1940 ZGev
f (9) &ufaeYwiG f ocifygwDEiS hf "g;rygwD tpnf;ta0;odYk ausmif;om;rsm; wufa&mufco
hJ nf/
Zlvdkif (7) &ufwGif *sKAvDa[m vlxktpnf;ta0;yGJBuD; usif;yNyD;aemuf ocifrsm; tzrf;cH&onfhudp
udk uefYuGufMuonf/ 0gqkdvjynfhwGif aTwd*Hkbk&m; oHCm? ausmif;om;? jynfoltpnf;ta0;BuD; usif;yonf/
Auo txl;tpnf;ta0;udk 'DZifbm (25? 26) &ufaeYrsm;wGif usif;ycJhonf/ tzGifhtcrf;tem;wGif
AdkvfatmifausmfESifh tmZmenfrsm;udk tav;jyKcJhonf/ rdwDvmrS ynma&;0efBuD; OD;b&if? udkA[def;? NrdKUrq&m[def?
'D;'kwOf ;D bcsKd wdYk wufa&mufco
hJ nf/ vGwv
f yfa&;wku
d yf JG e,fcsUJ qefYusiaf &;twGuf vufeufuikd af wmfveS &f ef tcsed u
f s
NyD[k udkvSaTu ajymMum;cJhonf/
291
ausmif;om;or*ajratmuftzGUJ udk ocifjrtdrf zGiv
hf pS cf NhJ yD;aemuf udv
k aS rmifEiS hf udAk aqGwYkd onf udak usmf
Nidrf;? q&mcspf? udkxGef;tkH? e*g;eDudkxGef;aT? udkvSarmif (AdkvfaZ,s)? ocifxGef;cif? ocifApdef (tkyfpk) wkdYonf
ajratmufavhusifhvkyfief;twGuf 1940 'DZifbmv (3) &uf ,dk;',m;-jrefrm e,fpyfoGm;&ef jyifqifrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJh
ayonf/ ArmhxGuf&yf*dkPf;udk a'gufwmbarmfESifh ygwDtcsKdU qufoG,fvmNyD;aemuf ausmif;om;? ocif? qif;&Jom;
tzGJUudk zGJUpnf;cJhavonf/ *syefjynfodkY &JabmfoHk;usdyf apvTwfNyD; ppfynmoifMum;&mwGifvnf;1/ udkxGef;Sdef (Adkvf&efEkdif) ausmif;om;or*
2/ udkvSarmif (AdkvfaZ,s) ausmif;om;or*
3/ udkvS (Adkvfrif;a&mif) ausmif;om;or* wkdUyg0ifcJhavonf/
ArmjynfrS t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;udk wkdufxkwf&mwGif A[dkawmfvSefa&;tzGJUBuD;w&yfzGJUpnf;um ajray:?
ajratmuf awmfvSefa&;tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;NyD; vIyfSm;Mu&mwGif vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;vli,fwdkU\ tcef;u@rSm
BuD;rm;aom tcef;u@wck tjzpf yg0ifcJhayonf/ xdkodkY ausmif;om;? vli,ftiftm;pkrsm; yg0ifvIyfSm;EkdifrIyif
jzpfayonf/
Source: ASO; 30 Comrades ; 30 Comrades
ausmif;om;or*rS
&Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f if
jzpfvmol (3) OD;
udkvSarmif (AdkvfaZ,s)
udx
k eG ;f Sed f (Adv
k &f efEikd )f
udv
k S (Adv
k rf if;a&mif)
(w) 'kw,
d tBurd f ausmif;om;rsm;uGezf &ifw
h iG f aMujimcsuf
(1) or*tzGJU0if ausmif;om;rsm;wdkif;&if;jzpf 0HomEkyifeD txnfrsm;0wfqif&ef/
or*BuD;wnfwchH ikd jf rJa&; OD;wnfcsufrsm;rSm(u) ausmif;om;rsm;\ cHpm;oifh cHpm;xku
d af om tusKd;aus;Zl;? tcGit
hf a&;wkYd ukd umuG,af pmifah Smuf&ef/
(c) ,ckyifvQif Sdaeaom tvkyfvufrJhjyemrsm;udk yaysmufaprnfh enf;vrf;rsm; SmEkdifjcif;?
(8) ArmjynfwiG f aemifvBl uD;rsm;jzpfrnfh ausmif;om;wdYk tm; aumif;rGeaf ocsmaom Ekid if aH &;ynmudk ay;&ef?
(C) ArmjynfSd ynma&;udk wkd;wufjyefYyGm;atmif xlaxmifEkdifjcif;?
(i) ArmjynfSd vGwfvyfa&;twGuf vkyfief;udk vsifjrefpGm ay;Ekdifjcif;/
(x) udAk [de;f ESihf ta&;awmfypkH mapmif

yrtBudrf AuonDvmcHtNyD;wGif udkA[def;? udkxGef;Sdef (Adkvf&efEkdif) ESifh udkudkwkdY OD;pD;NyD; ta&;awmfyHk
pmapmifukd xkwaf 0cJo
h nf/ ocifjr vufEydS pf ufukd toH;k jyKcJo
h nf/ pmrltrsm;tjym;udk udAk [de;f u a&;om;cJah vonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;udk Ekid if aH &;oifwef;tjzpf a'gufwmewf? *dk ,
S ?f udAk [de;f wdYk u oifwef;ay;cJo
h nf/ trSwf (1) rsuEf mS
zHk;wGif oHaESmifBudK;udk tvkyform;u jzwfawmufypf&efESifh aemufausmzHk;wGif NAdwdoQe,fcsJUorm; ykykuav;tm;
BuD;rm;aom vufo;D jzifh xd;k aeyHu
k kd azmfjyxm;onfh pmapmif\rl0g'rSm e,fcsUJ qefUusiaf &;? vufeufuikd f awmfveS af &;?
jrefrmykvdyf? NAdwdoQppfwyf ppfom;rsm;tygt0if? tvkyform;? vSnf;aeavSatmif; jrif;apmif;rusef pnf;Hk;a&;
yifjzpf\/ ]ppf&HyHkaiG rvSLMueJh} [k pmydk'fygvmonf/
(wzufpmrsuEf mS wGif ta&;awmfypkH mapmif aemufausmzH;k udk azmfjyxm;onf/)
292

ta&;awmfykH trSwf (2) udk ocifoufwifu vufEydS pf ufu
dk
f udAk [de;f ESihf udu
k ?kd aemufyikd ;f wGif udx
k eG ;f Sed ?f
ocifb*srf; (Adkvfva&mif)? ocifwifatmifwdkYu wm0ef,lcJhavonf/
1940 'DZifbmv Adv
k af tmifausmf aMu;kyzf iG yhf JG AuonDvmcHEiS hf wku
d q
f idk cf ahJ vonf/ wuo taqmuf
tOD nDvmcH usif;yaepOf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJyHkpH ajymif;vJum ]e,fcst
YJ pd;k &pepfBu;D ysuq
f ;D vke;D Nyv
D m;}[laom acgif;pOf
jzifh a[majymMuonf/ ta&;awmfykH atmifjrif&ef tiftm;BuD;rm;aom tyifBuD;udk tjrpfrS ckwv
f rJS S jzpfrnf[k ygvm
onf/ tiftm;tultnDjzifh NzdKvSJ&rnf/ aemufxyf tudkif;tcufi,frsm; tjrpfrwG,frD NzdKvSJypf&rnf[laom
oabmyg ygvmonf/
(')
ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;or*toif;
(ESpf0uf tpD&ifcHpm)
1940 ckESpf? 'DZifbm (25? 26) &ufaehrsm;wGif usif;yaom yrtBudrfajrmuf ausmif;om;rsm;wdkh\
vTwfawmfwGif wifjytpD&ifcHonf
vGefcJhonfh arv (12? 13) &ufaeUrsm;wGif usif;yaom yOrtBudrfajrmuf ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&mausmif;om;
rsm;nDvmcH obifNyD;qH;k onfrS p? ,ck yOrtBudraf jrmuf ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qkid &f mausmif;om;rsm;vTwaf wmf usif;yonfh
tcsdeftwGif; or*toif;csKyf\ c&D;pOfudk ESpf0uftpD&ifcHpmtjzpf wifoGif;ygaMumif;/
or*toif;csKyf pnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (5)? tydk'fi,f (u) t& or*toif;csKyf Ou|onf 1940- 41
ckESpftwGuf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUopfudk (1941 ckESpf? arv 13 &ufaeYwGif) xkwfjyefaMunmcJhygaMumif;/
tvkyftrIaqmif tzGJYopfwGif(1) udkvSarmif
(rdwDv
m)
(2) udkxGef;Sdef
(tmvHNrdKU)
(3) udkarmifarmif (jrif;jcH)
(4) udkxGef;Sdef
(jrefatmif)
ta&;awmfypkH mapmif aemufausmzH;k
293
(5) udkxGef;0if; ([oFmw)
(6) udkudk
(ajrmif;jr)
(7) udkcspfvIdif
(a&OD;)
(8) udkodrf;armif (rdwv
D m)
(9) atau'wm; (&efukef) wkdYyg0if&m
udkudk (ajrmif;jr) taMumif;rnDnGwfojzifh ausmif;qufvuf raeawmUaomaMumifU wuodkvfausmif;?
yk*Hausmif;aqmifrS o[m,toif; Ou| apmatmify ([oFmw) tm; udkudk\ae&mwGif Mo*kwfv (28) &ufaehu
usif;yaom tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY tpnf;ta0;u cefhxm;cJUygaMumif;? tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUopftm; wm0eftoD;oD;
cGaJ 0ay;&mwGif wuov
kd o
f r*toif;rS Ou| udv
k aS rmif (rdwDvm) tm;? 'k-Ou| udx
k eG ;f Sed f (jrefatmif) tm;?
aiGxdef; udkxGef;Sdef (tmvHNrdKU) tm;? taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkarmifarmif (jrif;jcH) tm;? oHrPdAdkvfcsKyfudkxGef;0if;
([oFmw)? udkatmify ([oFmw)? udkcspfvIdif (a&OD;)? udkodrf;armif (rdwDvm)? atau'wm; (&efukef)wdkYtm;
taxGaxGXmersm;wdkYwGif cefYtyfxm;SdygaMumif;/
1/ ,cktcsdefxd or*toif;csKyfESihf pnf;rsOf;wus qufoG,fxm;aom or*toif;rsm;rSm aygif; (65)
oif; jzpf wGb
J uftpnf;tH;k rSm wckom Sad Mumif;/ wGJbufor*toif;rsm;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh NrdKUvHk;? GmvHk;qdkif&m
or*toif;rsm;om jzpfMu? pD&ifvHk;qdkif&m or*toif;rsm;rS jrif;jcHpD&ifpkESifU zsmyHkpD&ifpkvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;
or*toif;rsm;onf ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGif;u pD&ifpkvHk;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;\ nDvmcHudk usif;yMuaMumif;?
vGecf o
hJ nfh Mo*kwv
f twGi;f u or*tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ onf Armwjynfv;kH odUk pnf;H;k a&;twGuf ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;
apvTwcf &hJ ygaMumif;/ ,ckuo
hJ kdY ta&;BuD;aeaom tcsdet
f cgrsKd;wGif e,for*toif;wkdY\ ydrk pkd nf;H;k rIonf txl;
vkdvm;tyfonfudk vTwfawmfodkY wufa&mufMuaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm; owdjyKapvkdygaMumif;/ pD&ifpkvHk;qdkif&m
or*toif;rsm; zGJYpnf;jcif;jzifh e,for*trIaqmifrsm;onf toif;csKyf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY\ wm0eftcsKdYudk
cGJ,lum ulnDEkdifMuygaMumif;/
2/ toif;csKyf\ b@ma&;ESifhywfouf tpD&ifcH&aomf ,ckESpftzdkYtoif;csKyfrSm aiGa&;aMu;a&; tcuf
tcJESifh rMumcP &ifqkdifawGU&ygaMumif;? toif;csKyf\ ESpfpOfysrf;rQukefusaom p&dwfrSm omreftcsdeftcgrsKd;
aiG (3000) ESihf (40000) Mum;wGif wnf&dS m? ,ckEpS f toif;csKyf\ &efyakH iGrmS (1500) rQyif rSad o;aMumif;? wGb
J uf
or*toif;rsm;rS qufaMu;&onfh 0ifaiGrSmvnf; rajymyavmufatmif enf;yg;vSaMumif;? qufoG,faMu;&onfh
0ifaiGrmS wESpv
f Qif (2000 - 3000) xuf rydb
k ?J ,ckEpS t
f zdYk pkpak ygif; (150) rQom vufc&H Sdao;aMumif;? uset
f oH;k
p&dwfrsm;udkrl tvkyftrIaqmifuom 'kdifcH SmazGae&m e,for*rsm;onf tvkyfrsm;vSaom tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU
tm; ulno
D nfo
h abmESihf qufo,
G af Mu;rsm;udk BudK;pm; ajyvnfatmif wifyYkdMu&ef txl;vkad eygaMumif;/ qufo,
G f
aMu; aiGrsm;rSty NrdKUrdNrdKUz? rsKd;cspftaygif;wdkYxHrSvnf; o'gaMu;aumufcH toif;csKyfvkyfief;rsm; xajrmuf
atmifjrifa&;twGuf tvSLaiGwifydkYMu&ef txl;wkdufwGef; EId;aqmfygaMumif;/
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;? umuG,fa&;oHrPdtzGJU\ vkyfief;pOfudk pdppfMunfhIrnfqdkvQif ,ckESpftzdkY aiGa&;
aMu;a&; tcuftcJwdkYaMumifh pDpOfxm;Sdoavmuf vkyfief;rsm;wGifus,fcJhaomfvnf; ArmwjynfvHk;Sd oHrPd
tiftm;rSm wk;d wufvsufydS gaMumif;? ,cifEpS u
f wjynfv;kH wGif oHrPdwyf (11) wyfomS
d ? wyfom;OD;a& (600)
rQom SdcJUaomfvnf;? ,ckESpftzdkh rSwfyHkwifNyD;jzpfaom oHrPdwyfaygif; (20) wyfrS wyfom;OD;a&;aygif; (1100)
omomrQ Syd gaMumif;? oHrPdpnf;rsOf; Oya't& AdkvfcsKyfonf (10) OD;xufrrsm;? (4) OD;xufrenf;aom twkdifyifcH
tzGJU0if Adkvfrsm;udk tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ oabmwlnDcsuft& cefYxm;EkdifcGifh&Sd&m? AdkvfcsKyfonf twkdifyifcHAdkvf
(8) OD;udk aG;cs,fcefhxm;cJUojzifh ,cktcsdef twdkifyifcH (4) OD;rSm rdrdwdkh wm0eftoD;oD;udk ausyGefpGm xrf;aqmif
vsuf adS eygaMumif;? oHrPdtoif; oifwef;rsm;udk ,cifESpfuyif usif;y&ef pDpOfcJhaomfvnf; ,ckESpf vTwfawmf
rwkid rf D &uftenf;i,f twGi;f usryS if atmifjrifxajrmufcyhJ gaMumif;/ tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ odUk wifjyaom oHrPdwyf
rsm;\ tiftm;udk ydkrdkawmifhwif;atmif BudK;pm;&ef rsm;pGmyif vdkaeao;ayaMumif;/
4/ toif;csKyf\ b@ma&;rSm rsm;pGmrcdik v
f aHk omfvnf; vkyif ef;wGirf l r,kwaf vsmhapbJ cgwkid ;f ESprf sm;xuf
ydkrdkBudK;pm; aqmifGufcJhygaMumif;/ yrtBudrfajrmuf ausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcHwGif wifoGif;qHk;jzwfcJhaom qHk;jzwf
csurf sm;udk NyD;pD;Ekid o
f rQ NyD;pD;atmif aqmifu
G Mf u&mwGif tcsKUd qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udrk l tcsed rf usao;ojzifh csev
f yS x
f m;&
ao;ayaMumif;/ jyKvkyfaqmifGufzG,f&m usefSdaeao;aom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udkrl 'kwd,ESpftydkif;wGif
qufvufaqmifu
G f vkyu
f idk o
f mG ;Ekid &f ef pDpOfNyD;jzpfaMumif;? e,fcsYpJ epfEiS hf e,fcsJYppfwhku
d kd or*\0g'twkid ;f qefhusif
294

uefhuGuf&m &efukefNrdKYvHk;qkdif&m uefhuGufyGJBuD;udk aTwd*HkapwDawmf awmifbuf pwk'DomZ&yfBuD;wGif atmifjrifpGm
usif;ycJhonfU tjyif jynfolhvGwfvyfrIudk csKyfcs,fjcif;rsm;ESifU yufouf oabmrusaMumif;? qEjytqdkrsm;udk
csrSwfcJUygaMumif;/ ppfudkuefhuGufonfU pmGufpmwrf;rsm;udkvnf; rMumcP xkwfjyefcJUonfrSm udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh
wuG wGJbufor*toif;rsm; todyifjzpfygaMumif;/ pmrwwfoyl aysmufa&;vkyif ef;udk vGecf o
UJ nfU atmufwb
kd mv
ausmif;ydw&f ufrsm; twGi;f u ajrmif;jre,fbufohkd c&D;jyif;xGu
f prf;oyfaqmifu
G cf &UJ m aumif;pGm txajrmufco
UJ nf
udk awGY&ygaMumif;? pmrwwfolyaysmufa&;vkyfief;udk aqmifGufjcif;tm;jzifU ajrmif;jre,fSd awmifolv,form;
rsm;ESifU ausmif;om;rsm;wdkhonf ydkrdkaoG;pnf;ygaMumif;/ or*toif;csKyfonf 0g'twkdif; qif;&Jom;? awmifolv,f
orm;? tvkyform;rsm;ESifh yl;aygi;f aoG;pnf;rdMuap&ef tjcm;vkyif ef;wkid ;f wGiv
f nf; ulnaD qmifu
G f vkyu
f ikd cf yhJ gaMumif;/
(Oyrm- tmtD;wD tvkyform;rsm;wdkU\ oydwfudpwGif aiGtm;? vltm;? tMuHmPftm;wdkhjzifU ulnDcJhygaMumif;)
or*toif;csKyf\ vpOfxw
k f rsKd;GeYf pmapmifukd xkwaf 0&ef BudK;pm;cJah omfvnf; wGb
J ufor*toif;rsm;
\ tultnDudk &oifhoavmuf r&cJhojzifh txrajrmufcJhygaMumif;/ 0g'jzefYjzL;a&;twGuf or*toif;csKyfu
BuD;rSL; xkwfa0aom pmapmifwckckudk ta&;wBuD; vdktyfvsufSdygaMumif;/
5/ wGb
J ufor*toif;wkid ;f toif;wkid ;f wdkYtm; pnf;urf;ao0yfrEI iS hf ywfouf usi;f yNyD;pD;cJah om nDvmcH
obiftwkdif; vTwfawmfwkdif;wdkYu ppfom;rsm;? ppfwyfrsm;uJhodkY pnf;urf;ao0yfMu&ef wdkufwGef;cJhaMumif;/ ,ckEpS f
tzdkY wGJbufor*rsm;ESifh ywfouf pnf;urf;ao0yfrI ESpfck ay:aygufcJh&m Armjynfausmif;om;rsm;\ &mZ0ifwGif
(1940) ckESpf teufuGufrsm; pGef;xifouJhodkU wnfSdaeojzifh 0rf;enf;zG,f&m aumif;ygaMumif;? oydwfvufeuf
udk or*toif;csKyf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ wifBudKtrdefYwpHkw&mr&bJ toHk;jyKMuaom oHk;cG ausmif;om;or*
toif;ESihf rEav;aemfrefausmif;om;or*toif;wdYk rmS toif;BuD;\ pnf;rsOf;udk rvdu
k ef m&musygaMumif;/ odYk aomf
xdak e&m ESpcf pk vH;k odUk yif tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ u ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;apvTwu
f m udpr sm;udk NyD;jywfatmif aqmifu
G af p
cJYygaMumif;/ uJo
h kdY rauseyfrrI sm;aMumifh rvTu
J if;aom ay:ayguf&aom oydwu
f pd r sm;wGif awmifwiG ;f BuD;oydwf
udp ay:ayguf&yHu
k kd tjcm;wGb
J ufor*toif;rsm; twk,zl ,
G f aumif;vSaMumif;/ oydwu
f pd w
iG f ausmif;om;rsm;
onf yxrOD;qHk; q&mBuD;udk rdrdwdkY vdkvm;csufudk wifMum;jyo udpr NyD;jywf SdonfhtcgwGif NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;tm;
wdik w
f ef;cJah Mumif;/ NyD;rSom toif;csKyf\ trdeYf twdik ;f oydwv
f ufeufukd toH;k jyKcJah Mumif;? rMumao;rDtwGi;f uyif
rEav;NrdKYvHk;qkdif&m or*toif;om;wOD;jzpfol armifxGef;atmiftm; tpdk;&umuG,fa&; Oya't& zrf;qD;onfU
trIEiS yUf wfouf or*toif;csKy\
f *kPo
f u
d m udk xdcu
dk af ponfU udpw
&yf ay:aygucf ahJ Mumif;/ armifxeG ;f atmiftm;
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qkid &f mor* Ou|? aiGxde;f rSL;ESihf twGi;f a&;rSL;wdkh\ tdrrf sm;wGif ykvyd rf sm; wufa&mufmS azGum toif;ESihf oufqidk f
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295
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pmrwwfolyaysmufa&;vkyfief;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; udk,fwdkifujyonfU v,form;jyZmwfudk umuG,fa&;Oya't&
ydwfyifjcif;? ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;or*toif;csKyfu BuD;rSL; &efukefNrdKYwGif usif;yonfU jynfolhvGwf
vyfrIudk csKyfcs,fuefhuGufonfU tpnf;ta0; w&m;a[majymrIESifh ausmif;om; (3) OD;tm; twif;vufrSwfa&;xdk;
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rsm;aomtm;jzifh oufqkdifolwdkYu ausauseyfeyfjzpfatmif trSm;udk jyifqifMuygaMumif;/) or*toif; ajcvSrf;
rSefrSefBuD; csDwufvsufae&m? vrf;aMumif;c&D;wGif taESmifht,Sufjzpfaprnfh ql;anmifhcvkwf ponfwdkYudk wwfEkdif
onfeh nf;ESihf z,fmS ;okwo
f if&rnfukd tm;vH;k owdjyKapvdak Mumif;/ aemufaemiftcgrsKd;wGif uJo
h Ykd pdwrf csrf;ajrU
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8/ or*\&mZ0iftaMumif;udjk y Munfh pI pfaq;vQif (1920) ckEpS f twGi;f wBurd ?f (1936) ckEpS f wBurd ?f
(1938) ckESpfwGif wBudrf? (3) Budrfwdkifwkdif rauseyfrIrsm;aMumifUaomf vnf;aumif;? ArmwrsKd;om;vHk;ESifU oufqkdif
aom taMumif;udprsm;aMumifUaomf vnf;aumif;? oydwfBuD;rsm;udk wjynfvHk; toHk;jyKcJUMu&m wBudrfxufwBudrf
vnf; ydkrdk tiftm;aumif;vmNyD;vQif ydkrdk txajrmufonfudk awGY&ygaMumif;/
,ckuJUodkh urmw0Srf;vHk; ppfrD;awmufavmifvQufSdonfU tcsdefrsKd;wGif ArmjynftwGif;odkYvnf; ppfrD;yGm;
uav;rsm; rul;puf rjyefYymG ;bJ? cgwkid ;f wapuJo
h Ykd yif at;at;vlvl acsmacsmarmarm pcef;oGm;&vdrUrf nf[k rnfol
rQ rajymEkid af Mumif;/ tu,f taemufEidk if ?H taSUEkid if rH sm;rS ppfr;D awmufonf ArmjynfbufoYkd ul;pufco
hJ nfadS omf
wjynfvHk;Sd ausmif;om;rsm;onf pmoifcef;rsm;twGif; at;at;vlvl pmayoifMum;aeHkrQESifh ae&musrnfr[kwf
aMumif;/ odkYrSr[kwfbJ wjynfvHk;Sd ausmif;om;rsm;onf pmayoifMum;ae&m pmoifcef;rsm;rS xGuf ausmif;rsm;udk
oydwfarSmuf aeHkrQESifhvnf; udprNyD;/ or*toif;rsm;onf rnfuJhodkh aqmifGufMu&rnfenf;[laom jyemonf
ta&;wBuD; aqG;aEG;zG,f&m ay:ayguf&aMumif;/ 1938 ckESpf ta&;awmfyHkonf jynfolYvGwfvyfrIwdkhudk csKyfcs,fjcif;
aMumifU jzpf&aMumif;/ tu,f ArmUvGwfvyfa&;twGuf vmvwHYaom tcsdefrsm;wGif ta&;udpay:aygufcJUaomf
ausmif;om;rsm;onf rnfonfUtcef;rS yg0ifujyMurnfudk BudKwif pOf;pm;xm;Mu&ef txl;vdktyfayaMumif;/
ta&;awmfyHkatmifygap
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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*toif;csKyf
(25? 12? 1940)
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wuov
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&efukefwuodkvfudkwnfaxmifNyD;aemuf 1959 ckESpftxd &efukefwuodkvftufOya'udk SpfBudrf jyifqif

cJhonf/ yxrOD;qHk; 1924 ckESpfwGif wBudrf? 1939 ckESpfwGif ESpfBudrf? 1949 ckESpfwGif ESpfBudrf? 1951 ckESpfwGif
wBudrf? 1953 ckESpfwGif wBudrfESifh 1959 ckESpfwGif wBudrfjzpfonf/
1924 ckESpf jyifqifjcif;
1923 ckESpf? Ekd0ifbmvwGif 0efBuD;OD;babu wuodkvftufOya'jyifqifcsuf Oya'Murf;udk jrefrmjynf
Oya'jyKaumifpo
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aumvdyftjzpf todtrSwfjyKEkdifonf/ wuodkvfaumifpDESifh qD;edwftzGJU\ tmPmudkvnf; wkd;ay;onf/ ,cifu
wuodkvfaumifpDonf pwufusLOya'udkvnf;aumif;? qD;edwftzGJUonf pnf;rsOf;Oya'udkvnf;aumif;? jznfhpGuf
jyifqifEkdifaomfvnf; t"dywd\oabmwlnDrIudk &,l&onf/ ,ckrl xkdoabmwlnDrI rvkdawmhacs/ yk'fr (4) t&
296

ay;xm;aom wuodkvf tcGifhtmPmrsm;udkvnf; aumifpDESifh qD;edwftzGJUodkY cGJa0ay;vkdufonf/ aumifpDwGifvnf;
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tmPmudk t"dywdu qufvuf xdrf;odrf;xm;cJhaomfvnf; aemifoifhavsmfaom tcsdefwGif wuokdvftm; jyefvnf
vTJtyfay;&ef jyifqifxm;onf/ wuodkvftmPmydkiftzGJUrsm;\ tmPmrsm;udkvnf; ydkrdkwduspGm jy|mef;xm;cJhonf/
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aumfrSizf UJG &ef qH;k jzwfco
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ausmif;tkyfBuD; a'gufwm *sD-tufpf-*sK&D? ,leDAmpDwD aumvdyfausmif;tkyfBuD; OD;azarmifwif? a'gufwmb[ef?
OD;odef;armif? OD;ay:xGef;? a'gufwma':&ifar? a'gufwm trf-ata&mhzfESifh twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf wuodkvfarmfuGef;
xdef; t,fvfxifpDwdkY yg0ifMuonf/
qmjrbl;acgif;aqmifaom pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDonf tpnf;ta0; (44) Budrfusif;y tpD&ifcHpmudk 1937
ckESpf rwfvwGif wifoGif;cJhonf/ tpD&ifcHpmyg t"dutcsufrsm;rSm wuodkvf\obm0? t"dywdESifh 'kwd,t"dywd
cefYxm;a&;? wuov
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tkycf sKyaf &;tzGUJ rsm;? ygarmucefUxm;a&;? pwufusKOya' jy|mef;a&; jyemrsm;ESihf wuov
kd pf mar;yGJ udpr sm;udk tus,f
w0ifh tpD&ifcHxm;onf/ tpdk;&u xdktpD&ifcHpmudk wuodkvfaumifpD? qD;edwftzGJUESifh tjcm;pdwf0ifpm;aom yk*dK vf?
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ a0zefrIESifh tMuHay;csufrsm;udkyg vufcHpOf;pm;Ekdif&ef xyfrHa0iScJhonf/ xdktMuHay;csufrsm;ESifh
tpD&ifcHpmyg axmufcHcsufrsm;tay: rSDjirf;jyKum tpdk;&onf jyifqifcsufOya'Murf;udk wifoGif;cJh&m 1939 ckESpf?
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toif;tzGUJ rsm;\ ud,
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wifbGJU&udk,fpm;vS,f OD;a&vnf; wkd;vmcJhonf/ qD;edwftzGJUwGifvnf; aumifpDrS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wdk;vmNyD;
&mxl;0eftzGJUESifh yxrjyefpmar;yGJaumfrwDwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; apvTwfcGifh &Sdvmonf/
aq;aumvdyfESifh pdkufysKd;a&;aumvdyfwdkYonfvnf; taygif;tyg aumvdyfrsm;jzpfvmum tjcm;tvm;wl
aumvdyfwnfaxmifEkdif&efvnf; vrf;zGifhay;xm;onf/ jyifqifcsuf Oya't& topfzGJUpnf;xm;aom wuodkvf
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OD;wifxGwftm; t"dywdtjzpf vnf;aumif;? jrLeDpDy,frif;BuD;a[mif; a'gufwmOD;quftm; 'kwd,t"dywd tjzpf
vnf;aumif;? aG;aumufwifajrmufMuonf/
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csufrSm tufOya' trSwf (20) jzpfonf/
1949 ckEpS f jyifqifcsuo
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h nf/ ppfBudKacwf aumvdyrf sm;onf
r[mXmersm;jzpfvmum ausmif;tkyfBuD;rsm; ae&mwGif r[mXmerSL;rsm; cefYxm;onf/ taygif;yg aumvdyfrsm;ESifh
aumvdyt
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aumifpDonf t"dutkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU jzpfvmum ppfBudKacwfuJhoYdk tzGUJ 0ifO;D a& (70) ausmf ryg0ifawmhbJ (31) OD;
om yg0ifawmhonf/ ppfBudKacwfuo
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S f
297
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jzpfvmonf/ jyifqifcsuf tufOya't& topfzUJG pnf;cJah om aumifpo
D nf w&m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;0efBuD;jzpfol
OD;{armiftm; 'kwd,t"dywdtjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmufcJhonf/ 1949 ckESpfwGif ,m,Djyifqifcsufw&yf xrfrHjyK
vkyfcJhao;onf/ xkdjyifqifcsufrSm aumifpDodkY aG;cs,fapvTwfonfh jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh vlrsKd;pkvTwfawmf udk,fpm;
vS,frsm;udk aG;aumufyGJ rusif;yao;rD ,m,DygvDrefESifh qufvufapvTwf cGifhjyKjcif;jzpfonf/
wuodkvfvdkawmif;aumfrwD\ tpD&ifcHcsuft& EkdifiHawmftpdk;&onf 1951 ckESpfwGif wuodkvftuf
Oya'udk xyfrHjyifqif&jyefonf/ xdkaumfrwDu csrSwfaom wuodkvf\ &nfG,fcsufESifh vkyfief;rsm;ukd jyifqif
csuft& tufOya'wGif xnfo
h iG ;f vku
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&mxl;udk ygarmucsKyf (Rector) [k jyifqifNyD; aumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;udk tenf;i,fwdk;csJU ajymif;vJonf/ aumifpD
tzGJU0if t"dywdu cefYtyfaom tzGJU0ifwOD; wdk;vmaom b@ma&;0efBuD;Xme twGif;0efESifh ynma&;0efBuD;Xme
twGif;0efwdkYrSm aumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm; jzpfvmonf/ ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frSm 1949 ckESpf jyifqifcsuft&
wuodkvfor* toif;0ifrsm;u aG;aumufwifajrmuf&aomfvnf; 1951 ckESpf jyifqifcsuft& wuodkvfausmif;
om;rsm;or* trIaqmiftzGJUu aG;cs,fapvTwfcGifhay;onf/ rEav;jrLeDpDy,fu udk,fpm;vS,f apvTwfcGifhudkvnf;
kwfodrf;cJhonf/ xkdYtjyif qD;edwftzGJUwGif yg0ifaom ygarmursm;? {nfhygarmursm;ESifh uGJjym;ap&ef vufSdwm0ef
xrf;aqmifaeaom XmerSL; ygarmursm;[k jyifqifcJhonf/ jyifqifcsuftufOya't& a'gufwmxifatmifonf
&efukefwuodkvf\ ygarmucsKyfjzpfvmcJhonf/
1953 ckESpfwGif wuodkvftufOya'udk wBudrf xrfrHjyifqifcJhonf/ odkYaomf wBudrf jyifqifjcif;onf
Axl;NrdKUSd ppfwuokdvfudk &efukefwuodkvf\ tquftoG,fjyK aumvdyftjzpf zGifhvSpfEkdif&ef jyifqifjcif;jzpfonf/
tdraf pmift
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a&;rSL;&mxl;rsm; wDxGifjcif;? 'kwd,t"dywdudk aumifpDESifh qD;edwftzGJU\ obmywdtjzpf qufvufxm;Sdaomf
vnf; trIaqmift&mScd sKyt
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ajrmuf&rnf[k jyifqifcJhjcif;? qD;edwftzGJU wdk;csJUjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ jyifqifcsuft& wuodkvfwGif yxrqHk;tjzpf
ausmif;om;a&;rSL;rsm; cefYxm;cJhonf/ ygarmucsKyftm; wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;\ aexdkifa&;? pnf;urf;ao0yf
a&;? usef;rma&;ESifh wkd;wufzGHUNzdK;a&;wdkUtwGuf BuD;Muyfa&;ESifh tkyfcsKyf&ef wm0efay;tyfcJhonf/ qD;edwftzGJUwGif
vnf; tzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf ausmif;om;a&;rSL;rsm;? pmMunfhwkdufrSL;? bmomjyefESifh pmtkyfxkwfvkyfa&;rSL;wkdY yg0if
vmonf/
298
OD;AaqG
(1940-41)
qkdS,fvpfygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf zqyv Ou| OD;AaqGyifjzpfonf/ 1915 ck xm;0,fckkdif?

tk;H yifmG wGif arG;zGm;onf/ 1936 ckEpS w
f iG f &efuek w
f uov
dk f ynmoifMum;avhvmonf/
1937-38 ck wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ wGif tk;d a0r*Zif; t,f'w
D mtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif; cH&onf/
1938-39 ckEpS w
f iG f wuo taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmifu
G o
f nf/ Auo taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;vnf;
jzpfcJhNyD;? rauG;wGif a&eHajroydwform;rsm;tm; w&m;a[mpOf Ou| ukdA[def;ESifYtwl zrf;qD;jcif; cHcJh&av
onf/ 1300 jynft
h a&;awmfyHk acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpf\/
1939-40 ckwiG f wuov
dk rf S xGu
f ae&yfoYdk jyefaeonf/ 1940-41 ckwiG f wuov
dk o
f Ydk jyefvnfa&mufu
dS m
Ou|tjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cH&avonf/
qmjrbl; tpD&ifcpH mwku
d zf suaf &;twGuf qufvufvyk af qmifcYJonf/ wuov
dk f tufOya' jyifqifa&;twGuf
ta&;qkcd o
hJ nf/ ausmif;aqmifcrsm; avsmhaygha&;twGuf awmif;qkcd o
hJ nf/
1941 ckEpS f t*Fvyd ef ,fcsUJ orm;tm; armif;ESix
f w
k af &;wGif yg0ifaqmifu
G cf \
hJ / *syefacwfwiG f jynfoYl ta&;
awmfykHygwD (,ck qkdS,fvpfygwD) ukd vQKdU0SufpGmxlaxmif uGefjrLepfygwD? ArmhwyfrawmfwkdYESifh yl;wGJum
*syefqefYusifa&; vkyif ef;rsm;ukd vkyaf qmifcYJ onf/ zqyvtzGUJ csKyfudk zGUJ pnf;cJYMuonf/
'kw,
d urmppfjyD; 1947 ckEpS w
f iG f zqyv twGi;f a&;rSL;csKyt
f jzpf wm0ef,cl YJonf/ 1952 ckEpS f rSp Ekid if aH wmf
tpk;d &tzGUJ wGif umuG,af &;0efBu;D tjzpf aqmifu
G cf YJNy;D 1956-57 ckEpS w
f iG f Edik if aH wmf0efBu;D csKyt
f jzpf wm0efxrf;
aqmifcJhonf/ 1957-58 ckESpfwGif 'k-0efBuD;csKyf? umuG,fa&;ESifh Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;wm0efudk ,lcJh&m? zqyv
tuJx
G yd if jzpfonf/
,ckzqyvtzGJUcsKyf Ou|? qdkS,fvpfygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf? tmSqdkS,fvpfuGefz&ifh Ou|?
wD,lpDbD tvkyform;tpnf;tHk;rsm;tzJGUcsKyf Ou| tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf Sdayonf/ (tdk;a0)
1963 Nidr;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;yJG ysujf ym;NyD; aemufyikd ;f wGif tjcm;Edik if aH &; acgif;aqmifrsm;ESit
hf wl zrf;qD;xdr;f odr;f
cH&onf/ 1966 atmufwb
kd m (27) &ufwiG f OD;EkEiS hf w&ufwnf; axmifrS vGwaf jrmufvmonf/ 1968 ckEpS f
'DZifbm (2) &ufaeUwGif awmfveS af &;aumifpu
D zJUG aom (33) OD; jynfwiG ;f nDw
G af &;tMuHay;tzJUG wGiyf g0ifonf/
OD;AaqGonf &efuek Nf rKdUwGif 1987 ckEpS ?f 'DZifbmvwGif uG,v
f eG o
f nf/
299
tifwmeuf- 0DuDyD'D,m / wyfrawmfordkif;-yrwJG? 1962-1974? pm-108/
OD;vSarmif
(1941-42)
rdwDvmZmwdNzpfonf/ 1273 ck? awmfovif;vqkwf (13) &ufaeYwGif zGm;jrifonf/ OD;oefY? a':rrwdkY\

wwd,ajrmuf om;&wemjzpfonf/
rEav;0ufpvD txufwef;ausmif; rdwv
D mNrKUd trsK;d om;txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoifMum;cJ
h rEav;
Oypmaumvdyf qufvufynmoifMum;cJ\
h / 1932 ckEpS w
f iG f rEav;aumvdyrf S Oypmtxufwef; atmifjrifNyD;
1933 ckEpS w
f iG f *syfqifaumvdyf ynmqufvuf qnf;yl;cJah vonf/
1936-37 ckESpfwGif wuo trIaqmiftjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cH& EkdifiHwumwuokdvfrsm;ESifh
qufqaH &;tzGUJ twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmif&onf/ 1941-42 ckwiG f wuo OuVjzpfonf/
'kw,
d urmppfonf taSUzsm;okYd ul;pufvmcJo
h nf/ 1941 ck? 'DZbFmv (8) &ufaeYwiG f *syefu t*Fvyd t
f pk;d &
tm; ppfaMunmojzifh &efukefwuokdvfukd ydwfvkduf&onf/ wuo vkyfief;rsm;vnf; &yfqkdif;oGm;cJhav
awmhonf/
1951 ckEpS w
f iG f wkwjf ynfoUl orwEkid if q
H idk &f m jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdik if aH wmf oHtrwfBuD;tjzpfjzifh cefYtyfjcif;
cH&? 1958 ckEpS x
f d tpa&;jynfqidk &f m jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmf oHtrwfBuD;tjzpfjzifh Ekid if aH wmfwm0efudk
xrf;aqmifvsufo
dS nf/ owk;d oD&o
d "k rbUJG csD;jrijhf cif;cHc&hJ ol jzpfonf/
300
vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1945 rS 1947 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif
'kw,
d wGJ
(1945 - 1962)
301
tcef; (10)
vGwv
f yfa&;BuKd ;yrf;rI
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; vlUtcGit
Yf a&;ESiYf trsK;d om;a&;toGif
(1945 rS 1947)
(u) 1945 Mo*kwv

f rS atmufwb
kd mv ta&;ay:wuov
kd o
f ifwef;
,m,D wuotrIaqmifaumfrwD
udkpHuif; (aemif0efBuD;)
Ou|
udkoef;
'k-Ou|
udkpdefjrarmif
udkoef;aqG
tdk;a0 (t,f'Dwm) (jrefrm)
udkxGef;atmif
tdk;a0 (t,f'Dwm) (t*Fvyd )f
udkazpdef
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
udkvSaomf
aygif;oif;qufqHa&;XmerSL;
rcifMunf
trsKd;orD;XmerSL;
ppfBudKacwfu wuo\tpOftvmESifhtquftEG,fudk wuoOu| OD;AaqGu ppfNyD;acwf yxrajrmuf
wuo\ Ou| udkoef;vufodkY vufqifhurf; ay;tyfcJhonf/ ppfNyD;acwf wuo ay:aygufcsdefrSm ta&;BuD;
eufeJodrfarGUaom trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJ tajctaersm; ay:aygufaecsdef jzpfygonf/ ausmif;om;xk
tygt0if wrsKd;om;vHk; pnf;vHk;nDGwfa&;udk tvdkvm;qHk; tcsdefvnf;jzpfonf/ 1946 wGif ta&;ay: wuodkvf
oifwef;rsm; zsufodrf; &efukefwuodkvf jyefvnf zGifhvSpfcJhonf/
(u-1) 1945-46 ckESpf wuotrIaqmiftzGJY
1945 ZGefvqef; 'kwd,urmppfBuD;tNyD;wGif q&mBuD;OD;bu r*dkvrf;? &ef;a';&D;,m;ausmif; (,ck
txu- 2? yef;bJwef;) wGif ta&;ay: ,m,Dwuodkvfudk zGifhvSpfcJhonf/
wuo aG;aumufyGJ jyKvkyf&m ,refESpf wuo Ou|a[mif; udkAaqG (1940-41) ESifh (1941-42)
302

wuo Ou|a[mif; udkvSarmif (OD;EkESifh 'kwd,urmppftNyD;rS jyefa&mufvmol) wdkYu BuD;rSL; usif;yonf/
udkoef;
Ou|
udk[efwif
'k-Ou|
rjrjr
aiGxdef;
udkpdefjrarmif
udkoef;aqG
tdk;a0r*Zif; t,f'Dwm
rcifMunf
trIaqmif
udkvSaomf
trIaqmif
udkxGef;GefY
trIaqmif
udkarmif[def; (rif;ndKOD;)
trIaqmif wdkY jzpfvmonf/
(c) 1946-47 wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ

udkoef;armif (ol&d,)
udkoef;<u,f
udkpdefvS
udk&efa0;
udkarmifuav;
rcifvS
Ou|
'k-Ou|
aiGxdef;
trIaqmifrsm;
trsKd;orD;XmerSL;
(aemifOya'bmomjyef t&mSda[mif;)
(wuodkvftaysmfwrf;wyfwm0efcH)
(aygif;oif;qufqHa&;ESifh pmayavhvma&;
wm0efcH)
udkarmifarmifausmf
(r*Zif;wm0efcH)
udkGefYodef;
(jyefMum;a&;)
udkvSGefY
(ynma&;)
udkbquf
(tdk;a0r*Zif;t,f'Dwm)
udkvSGefY
(pmMunfhwdkufrSL;) wdkYjzpfonf/
ZGefvwGif 'def;rwf usif;yonfh urmYausmif;om; 0efxrf;nDvmcHodkY vnf;aumif;? xkdESpf ZlvdkifvwGif
usi;f yonfh urmYausmif;om;rsm;or* (International Union of Students) yxrtBudrf ausmif;om;vli,fyaJG wmf
odkU vnf;aumif; wufa&mufcJhonf/
(c-1) wuo 1946-47 \ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;
1946-47 wuo trIaqmifaumfrwDvufxufwGif trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;ESifh qufpyfaeaom
ocifynma&;pepf wnfaxmifa&;udk wuou xdyfwef;xm; awmif;qdkcJhavonf/ tzGJUtpnf;rsm; nDGwfa&;udk
aqmifGuf&mwGif 1946 ckESpf 'DZifbmv (24) &ufaeU wuo ,m,DkH;cef;wGif usif;yaom wuo trIaqmif
tpnf;ta0;wGif wuor*Zif;wm0efcHu ]]Auoonf ausmif;om;or*aygif;pHkESifh wuowdkUyg0ifaom wu,f
nDGwfpGm pepfwus zGJUpnf;xm;aom ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;w&yf ay:xGufvma&;udk aqmifGuf&ef wuorS
vdv
k m;aMumif;}} wifjy&m trIaqmifaumfrwDu aqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJo
h nf/ 1947 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&Dv (3) &uf wuov
kd f
or* ,m,DHk;cef;wGif usif;yaom wuotrIaqmif txl;tpnf;ta0;yGJwGif AuonDvmcHrS awmif;qdkcsuf
(21) csuEf iS hf wuov
kd ef pfemcsuf (7) csuu
f kd awmif;qdNk yD; Edik if aH &; awmif;qdck sut
f jzpf (1) ESpt
f wGi;f vGwv
f yfa&;udk
&,l&ef? vGwfvyfaom EdkifiHtwGuf tkyfcsKyfa&;pnf;rsOf; a&;qGJ&eftwGuf wdkif;&if;om;rsm; yg0ifaom wdkif;jynfjyK
vTwfawmfudk tjrefqHk;ac:&eftqdkESifh vHk;0vGwfvyfa&;udk aSUI csDwuf wdkufcdkufMurnfh t"dXmefudk av;euf
apaomtm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;\ epfemcsufrsm;udk r&ruwdkuf,l&ef pdwfydkif; jzwfxm;jcif;udk
jyoaom taejzifhvnf;aumif;? Zefe0g&D (15) &ufrS (31) &uftxd qEjyoydwfarSmuf&ef? aSUvmrnfhajcvSrf;udk
Zefe0g&Dv (31) &ufaeUwGif aMunmrnf jzpfaMumif; tqdkrsm;udk oabmwl qHk;jzwfMuonf/
1947 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (14) &ufaeYwGif wuotaqmuftODudk jyefvnf&SdcJhonf/ xdkaeYrSmyif wuo
trIaqmiftpnf;ta0; w&yfusif;yum zqyvrS ay;ydkYaom y#dnmOfpmwef;udk trIaqmifaumfrwDu vufrSwfa&;
303
xdk; zqyv tzGJUcsKyfodkY jyefvnf ay;ydkYcJhonf/ Armjynf vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJtwGif; zqyvtzGJUBuD;\ vrf;pOfudk
rrSdwfrokef axmufcH tNyD;owf vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJudkyg yg0ifqifETJrnf[k y#dnmOfay;jcif;udk zqyvrS aus;Zl;
wif wuotm; vlxu
k *kPjf yKtyfaom tzGUJ jzpfaMumif; zqyvtzGUJ csKyfBuD;u rSww
f rf;wifaMumif;udk av;pm;pGm
taMumif;jyefcJhonf/
vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf
(1) vGwfvyfa&;wnfjrJa&;
(2) wdkif;jynfwdk;wufa&;
(3) vlxck sr;f oma&; wdYk ukd qufvufaqmifu
G &f mwGif aS;,cifuuJo
h Ykd yif y#dnmOfukd zqyvtzGUJ csKyfxH
ay;ydYk co
hJ nf/ y#dnmOfct
H zGUJ tjzpf qufvufy#dnmOfjyK&ef zqyvtzGUJ csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; OD;AaqG vufrw
S f
a&;xdk; arwm&yfcHonf/
(c-2) wuo pnf;rsOf;jyifqifjcif;
1946-47 ckEpS ?f ppfNyD;acwf wuo\ 'kw,
d ajrmuftrIaqmif aumfrwDOu| udo
k ef;armif vufxufwiG f
ppfBudKacwf wuopnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (10)? tydk'f (3) udk acwxkwfy,fxm;&onf/ 1946 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv
(7) &ufaeYwGif wuo pnf;rsOf;Oya'tcef; (12)? tydk'f (6)? tydk'fcGJ (2) t& txl;tvkyftpnf;a0;yGJ (Extra
Ordinary Business Meeting) ac:,l wuopnf;rsOf;udk jyifqifay;cJhonf/
if;wuopnf;rsOf; Oya' tcef; (10)? tyd'k f (3) wGif wuotoif;0iftjzpf tenf;qHk; (1) ESpf yg0if
zl;NyD; wuodkvfwGif ynmoifqJausmif;om;rsm;omvQif wuo trIaqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf taG;cHcGifhSdonf/
if;udk jyifqifvu
kd af omtcg wuov
kd f ynmoifMum;vsufadS om ausmif;om;wdik ;f wuo trIaqmifaumfrwD0if
tjzpf taG;cHcGifhSdonf/
(c-3) 1946-47ckESpf ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;
1946 ckEpS ?f atmufwb
kd mv (10) &ufaeUzqyvtzGUJ rS Auyudk rxkwrf yD if Auyonf ausmif;om;rsm;ukd
EdkifiHa&;wGif wwyfwtm; yg0ifap&ef uvmyfpnf;rsm;udk tBudKwuodkvfoifwef;ESifh ta&;ay:wuodkvfoifwef;
wdkYwGif zJGUpnf;ay;onf/ tBudKwuodkvfwGif udknDnD? udkpHvGif? udkay:OD; wdkUyg0ifaom uvmyfpnf;ESifh ta&;ay:
wuodkvfoifwef;rsm;wGif udkoef;xGef;? udkxGef;aT? udkcifarmifBuD;wdkU yg0ifaom uvmyfpnf;rsm;udk zGJUpnf;ay;cJh
onf/ xdkUaemuf zqyvESifh AuywdkUonf ausmif;om;rsm;udk tNydKiftqdkif vIHUaqmfpnf;Hk;cJhMuonf/ 1947 ck
ESpfOD;ydkif;wGif wuotaqmuftOD zqyvrS OD;udkudkBuD;ESifh q&m&m*sefwdkUu if;wuodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;tm;
EdkifiHa&; oifwef;ay;cJhonf/
1946 ckESpf? ZGefvwGif &uoOu| udkoef;xGef;u t,f'Dwm? &uorS udknDnD (vif;,kefeD) u wm0efcH
xkwfa0aom ]ausmif;om;[pfwikd }f owif;pmapmif xGufvmonf/ txl;ojzifh xdkpmapmifwGif 'dkareD,H paw;wyfpf
(ac:) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh? ausmif;om;ESifh EdkifiHa&; oabmxm;rsm;udk tjyif;txef a0zefa&;om;xm;onf/
AuotrIaqmifrsm;udv
k nf; wEdik if v
H ;kH Sd ausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; yg0ifaom nDvmcHu aG;aumuf
wifajrmufjcif; r[kwf ausmif;om;xk qEryg ausmif;om;nDvmcH ac:,lusif;yNyD; Auo trIaqmifopf
aG;cs,f wifajrmuf&ef tjyif;txef awmif;qdak vonf/ rEav;NrdKUwGif zGJUpnf;cJah om txufAuouvnf; &uo
\ ausmif;om;owif;yg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk axmufcH ausmif;om;nDvmcH ac:ay;&ef awmif;qdkavonf/
ausmif;om;nDvmcHwGif(1) ynma&;
(2) trsKd;om;a&;
(3) jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;
(4) Auo tkyfcsKyfa&;pnf;rsOf;opf a&;qGJa&;ESifh trIaqmifopfaG;cs,fa&; [laom tydkif;BuD; (4) ydkif;
xnfhoGif;aqG;aEG;&ef &uoESifh txuf Auoacgif;aqmifrsm;u awmif;qdkcJhonf/ trsKd;om;a&;wGif zqyvudk
axmufcH&ef vli,fwyfOD;ESifh tvkyform;? v,form;udpr sm;wGif tultnDay;&efESifh yl;aygif;&efwdkUudk azmfjyxm;
onf/ odYk tjyif;txef awmif;qdrk aI Mumifh AuoXmecsKyfu BuD;rSL; ausmif;om;nDvmcHukd 1946 ckEpS ?f Zlvikd v
f
(28) &ufrS Mo*kwv
f (1) &ufaeUxd usi;f ycJo
h nf/ udo
k ef;xGe;f tm; AuoOu|tjzpf aG;cs,f wifajrmufcahJ vonf/
304

Auo\ trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeUudk zqyvESifh yl;aygif;rusif;ybJ pifNydKif aeol&defZmwfHkBuD; usif;y&m
wyfeD? trsKd;orD; uGef*&ufpaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm; wufa&mufMuonf/ xdktrsKd;om;atmifyGJaeY awmif;qdkcsuf
(7) csuf wifoGif;cJhonf/ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm1/ (u) rlvwef;ESihf rlvwef;vGeaf usmif;? taqmuftODrsm;udk vHak vmufpmG aqmufvyk af y;&ef? ysufp;D ,d,
k iG ;f aom
taqmuftODrsm;udk tjrefqHk; jyif&ef?
(c) ausmif;oH;k ypn;f rsm;? "gwkak A'? ud&,
d m wefqmyvmrsm;udk vHak vmufpmG ausmif;wdik ;f wGif xm;Sad y;&efEiS hf
wu,fwef; qif;&Jaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; oufqdkif&m tpdk;&rS t0wftpm; tcrJh xkwfay;&ef?
(*) ynmydik ;f qdik &f m taqmuftODrsm;rS ppfwyfrsm;ESihf tpd;k &Xmersm;udk 1946 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&Dv (31) &ufaeUtwGi;f
>cif;csufrSd tjrefqHk; kwfodrf;&ef?
2/
ausmif;q&mrsm;ESifh 0efxrf;tzGJU(u) tpdk;&ausmif;wdkif; ausmif;wdkif;wGif t&nftcsif;jynfhq&mrsm; OD;a&trsKd;tpm;tvdkuf wdk;csJU
wESpfywfvHk; cefYxm;&ef?
(c) ausmif;wdkif;wGif t&nftcsif;jynfh avmu"gwfynmoif q&m (1) OD; tenf;qHk; cefYxm;&ef?
(*) ausmif;rsm;wGif pma&;? '&0rfrS p ausmif;0efxrf;tzGJUudk vHkavmufpGm cefYxm;&ef?
(C) rlvwef;vGef ausmif;q&mrsm;\ vpmEIef;udk txufwef;ausmif;q&mrsm;\ vpmEIef;twdkif; tjref
qHk; jyefvnf owfrSwfxkwfay;&ef?
3/
ausmif;oHk;pmtkyf? cJwH? rifwH ponfwdkYudk tpdk;&ynma&;XmerS vHkavmufpGm rSm,l tzdk;csKdomaom
EIef;xm;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiHSd ausmif;wdkif;ausmif;wdkif;odkU vHkavmufpGm enf;pepfwus jzefYcsd&ef?
4/
ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGif ausmif;om;or*\ udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0if wGJzuftkyfcsKyfcGifhay;&ef?
5/
wuodkvfpmar;yGJ jyifqifa&; (1) ESpfoifwef;udk rlvwef;vGef ausmif;wdkif;wGif wGJvsufzGifhay;&ef?
6/
rlvwef; roifrae& tcvGwfynmoifMum;a&;udk a'oE&qdkif&m toufarG;0rf;ausmif; tajccHvufrI
ynm&yfrsm;ESifh wGJzufynm oifMum;ay;&efwdkY jzpfonf/
wuodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJYodkY awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm1/
wuodkvfpmar;yGJ pmppfXmersm;udk 'DpBwdwfNrdKUwdkif;wGif wdk;csJUay;&ef?
2/
wuodkvfpmar;yGJ0ifcEIef;udk avQmhaygh aiG 10d^- owfrSwf&ef?
3/
tpdk;&ppf jrefrmtxufwef;pmar;yGJatmifjrifolrsm;udk wuodkvfpmar;yGJwGif t*Fvdyfpm wbmomwnf;
0ifa&muf ajzqdkcGifhjyK&ef?
4/
rEav;NrdKUwGif 'D*&Daumvdyf wckzGifhay;&ef?
5/
&efukefwuodkvf\ vufatmufcH aumvdyfausmif;rsm;? pdkufysKd;a&;aumvdyf? tif*sifeD,m aumvdyfwdkUudk
vsifjrefpGm jyefvnfzGifhvSpf&efwdkYjzpfonf/
txufyg (11) csufudk 1947 ckeSpf? Zefe0g&Dv (15) &uf aemufqHk;xm; jyefMum;jcif; rSdcJhvQif
Zefe0g&Dv (20) &ufaeYwiG f ArmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm; wnDwGww
f nf; oydwaf rSmuf&ef qH;k jzwfNyD;aMumif;
ygSdonf/ 1947 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (20) &ufaeUwGif AuorS BuD;rSL; wEdkifiHvkH;Sd ausmif;rsm; oydwfarSmufonf/
Auo? wuo? &uo wdkYrS wzGJUvQif udk,fpm;vS,f (5) OD;pDyg0ifaom oydwfarSmufaumifpDudk zGJUpnf;
ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;udk pepfwus OD;aqmifrI ay;cJhonf/
(*) AuoESihf wuo yl;aygi;f xm;aom ArmEdik if v

H ;kH qdik &f moydwaf umifpD (1947)
xdkaumifpDtpnf;ta0;udk wuo taqmuftODwGif usif;yavonf/ AuowGif uGefjrLepfygwDESifh
eD;pyfolrsm; ae&m&xm;onf/
AuowGifudkoef;xGef;
Ou|
(aemif ordkif;ygarmu a'gufwmoef;xGef;)
udkxGef;GefY
'k-Ou|
(aemif taumufcGefTefMum;a&;rSL;)
udkoeff;xGef;udk e,fudk,fpm;vS,ftcsKdUar;jref;&m uGefjrLepfygwD0ifjzpfaMumif; ajymcJhonf/
wuowGif qdkS,fvpfygwDESifheD;pyfolrsm; acgif;aqmifrI&xm;NyD;? uGefjrLepfygwDESifh eD;pyfolrsm;vnf;
305
Source: Self-portrait (Dr. Than Tun's)
trIaqmiftzGJUwGif yg0ifonf/ jyifyrS OD;aqmifygwDBuD;rsm;\ tSdeft0gonf

A[dkausmif;om;tzGJUwGif vma&muf xif[yfaejcif;jzpfonf/
zufqpfawmfvSefa&; tNyD;? NAdwdoQe,fcsJU Armjynf 0ifvmaomtcgwGif
e,fcsJUya,m*? oabmw&m; t,ltquGJ&mrS zqyvwGifyg vuf0JnDGwfa&;
NydKuGv
J monf/ xdt
k uGt
J jyJonf vlwef;pm; toD;oD;odUk BuD;rm;pGm *,ufu
dk Nf yD;
A[dkrS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;vnf; eD;pyf&m ygwDtvdkuf uGJaeMuonf/
AuonDvmcHwiG f wnDwGww
f nf;owfrw
S cf o
hJ nfh oydwaf rSmuf&ef &uf
uwrsKd;? wuou oD;jcm;&uf owfrSwf oydwfarSmuf&ef &ufu wrsKd;jzpf
aeonf/ uJhodkU ausmif;om;nDGwfa&; rNydKuGJ&ef ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m oydwf
arSmufaumifpD (A.B.B.C) udk yl;aygif;zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
e,fausmif;om;rsm;onf Auopnf;kH;a&; cGiftwGif;rS jzpf wuo
pnf;kH;a&;cGifonf &efukefwuodkvf omjzpfonf[k ,lqxm;onf/
1947 AuoOu| udo
k ef;xGe;f
(aemif a'guw
f moef;xGe;f )
nDvmcH pwifusif;yaomtcg AuoOu| obmywd udkoef;xGef;u
ausmif; om;oydwf tajctae? Edik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m oydwaf rSmufaumifpD zGUJ &aom taMumif;&if;? ausmif;om;nDw
G af &;
twGuf vufSd Auo trIaqmif tzGJUEkwfxGufay;rnf jzpfaMumif;? Auo trIaqmiftzGJU jyefvnfaG;cs,f&efwdkYudk
Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/ aqG;aEG;yGJudk &efukefNrdKUjynfvrf;Sd tvGwfynmoifausmif; zGifhvSpfxm;aom OD;vSjrwfpdk;\
wdkufatmufxyfwGif jyKvkyfonf/
AuonDvmcHukd tqdyk g wdu
k af tmufxyfwiG f usi;f yonf/ udo
k ef;xGe;f onf pum;ajym&mwGif cyfjywfjywf
eJY bkusyHkvnf;&onf/ if;ajymqdk aqG;aEG;rIrsm;t& owdSdSdESifh cyfjywfjywfvkyfrnfh yHkay:avonf/ tjyeftvSef
vQKdU 0Suaf qG;aEG;rIrsm; ndE idI ;f NyD;aemufwiG f udo
k ef;xGe;f udk AuoOu| tjzpfwif&ef qH;k jzwfcahJ vonf/ usefwzufrS
vnf; udo
k ef;armifuw
dk ifonf/ tiftm;pk (2) ck tm;NydKifyJG jzpfonf/ rJcq
JG ;kH jzwf&ef jzpfvmonf/ wGif rnfoal wG
rJay;EdkifcGifhSdonf[laom jyem ay:vmonf/
ckdifudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk rJay;cGifhjyK&ef? &efukefcdkifudkvnf; tjcm;ckdif udk,fpm;vS,frsm; enf;wl rJay;
cGifhjyK&efwdkYudk wifjy aqG;aEG;Muonf/
udo
k ef;armifwYkdzufrS &efuek cf dik af usmif;om;rsm;or* (&uo) Ou|u &efuek Nf rdKUay:Sd ausmif;toD;oD;rS
ausmif;om;or*cGJ udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udkyg rJay;cGifhjyK&ef pDpOfavonf/ &efukefNrdKUay:Sd ausmif;om;or*cGJ udk,fpm;
vS,frsm;udkyg rJay;cGihfjyKygu ckdifrsm;tzdkY wlnDaom rJr&ouJhodkU jzpfaeayonf/ aemufqHk;wGif nDvmcH wufcGifh&
aom ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f m;vH;k rJay;cGijhf yK&ef? ajAmifraJ y;&ef qH;k jzwfavonf/ &efuek Nf rdKUay:rS wufvmaom ausmif;om;
or*cGJ udk,fpm;vS,frsm; rJjzifh udkoef;armif Ou|tjzpf taG;cH&onf/
nDvmcHwGif tkyfpk (uGJ) jyem xdyfwef; a&mufvmonf/ ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf; uGefjrLepfygwDESifh
qdkS,fvpfygwD tm;NydKifrIrsm; jzpfcJhavonf/ aemufqHk;wGif e,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ qEt&vnf;aumif;? tkyfpk
taetxm; t&vnf;aumif;? AuoOD;aqmifrI awmifhwif;vmap&ef twGufvnf;aumif;? vufSdtajctae xdef;
odrf;&ef twGufvnf;aumif; useftrIaqmifrsm;udk tkyfpk (2) pk cGJ wm0ef,lcJhavonf/
(C) ta&G;cH&aom Auo trIaqmiftzGUJ (1946-47)

udkoef;armif
udkoef;
udkpdefvS
rcifEkEk
udkoef;GefY
Ou|
'k-Ou|
trsKd;orD;XmerSL;
trIaqmifrsm;
(C-1) Auo nDvmcH (1946-47) rS awmif;qdkcsufrsm;

ynma&;XmeodkY awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm
1/
wuodkvf0if pmar;yGJwGif ar;cGef;pmGufrsm;udk jrefrmbmomjzifh a&;om;xm;aom ar;cGef;pmGufrsm;yg
306

2/
3/
4/
xm;dSay;&ef/
,ckESpfrS tpjyK pmar;yGJrsm; jyKvkyfaomtcg pmar;yGJar;cGef;rsm;udk rdrdwdkYa'otvdkuf oif&aom pm
tqift
h wef; twdik ;f om oufqikd &f mynma&;Xme tmPmydik rf sm;u tpd;k &ppfpmar;yGrJ sm;wGif xkwpf pfEikd rf I
twGuf pDpOfay;yg&ef/
,ckvufSd tajctaet& tpdk;&todtrSwfrjyKaom rlvwef;ausmif; (ig;wef;ausmif;) rsm;rS ausmif;
om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm; tpdk;&todtrSwfjyKaom rlvwef;pmar;yGJ (ig;wef;pmar;yGJ) wGif 0ifa&mufajzqdk
cGifhjyK&ef/
,ckoydwfvSefaomtcg tpdk;&ausmif;wdkif;ESifh wuo rnfonfhausmif;wdkif;urqdk oydwfarSmufausmif;
om;rsm;tm; vHk;0ta&;r,l&ef/
trsKd;om;a&;tqdk (5) &yfrSm

1/
uREyfk w
f Ykd ausmif;om;rsm;onf t*Fvyd ef ,fcsUJ orm;tm; vufeufuikd f ykeu
f efx<u awmfveS rf o
S m vGwv
f yf
a&;udk &Sdrnf[k ,HkMunfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm e,fcsJUqefUusifa&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm; nDGwfMuap&ef tjyif;
txef vkdvm;ygaMumif;?
2/
wdkif;&if;om;tm;vkH; ryg0ifaom jrefrmjynfvGwfvyfa&;onf t"dyg,frSd[k ,lqojzifh jrefrmjynfESifh
wygwnf; awmifwef;e,frsm; vGwfvyfrI&Sdap&ef ,cknDvmcHodkU wufa&mufaom ausmif;om;rsm;u
txl; jyif;xefpGm vdkvm;ygaMumif;?
3/
Srf;jynfausmif;om;rsm;\ Srf;jynf pyfzvHkaumifpDodkY oD;oefYawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk ,cknDvmcHrS vHk;0
axmufcHaMumif;?
4/
tu,f e,fcsUJ orm;u jyKvkyv
f mrnfh aG;aumufyo
JG nf jrefrmjynftm; uReo
f ufn
S af prnfh aG;aumufyJG
jzpfonf[k ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or* OD;pD;tzGJUu ,lqygu vGwfvyfa&;udk raoGzDaom
pdwf"mwfjzifh aSUIaom ausmif;om;rsm;yDyD wdkif;jynf vlxkESifhwuG rnfonfh ygwD tzGJUtpnf;ESifh rqdk
vkyfief;pOf wlygu yl;aygif; OD;vnfrokef wdkufzsuf&ef?
5/
,ckiwfjywf awmfvSefaeaom e,fcsJUawmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;tm; w&m;rJhpGm jyif;jyif;xefxef ESdyfuGyf
aeaom e,fcsJUESifhwuG e,fcsJU\pkwfyJh EkHcsmaom jyKrlcsufrsm;udk uREkkfyfwdkUausmif;om;rsm;u jyif;xefpGm
IHUcsaMumif;? xdkYtjyif xdkjyKrlcsufrsm;udk rcHr&yfEdkifojzifhawmfvSefMuaom awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;onf
rdrw
d Ukd \ rSeu
f efaom tcGit
hf a&;rsm; &,la&;twGuf w&m;enf;vrf;uspGm awmfveS jf cif;rQom jzpfayonf
[k ,lqojzifh nDvmcHrS axmufcHygaMumif;?
taxGtaxGtqdk (3) &yfrSm
1/
ausmif;om;rsm;\ oydwfta&;awmfyHkBuD;onf (3) BudrfwdkifrQ ay:aygufcJhaomfvnf; vufSd ynma&;
pepfwGif wdkufdkufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufjzpfap rnfodkUrQ xdcdkufysufjym;ajymif;vJjcif; rSdao;ojzifh pkwfyJhEkHcsm
aom ynma&;pepfukd wdu
k zf sufqjJ zpfonfh ausmif;om;rsm;oydwo
f nf tqufqufu taMumif;t&mrsm;
uJhodkUyif jzpfvdrfhrnf[k ,lqojzihf ,ckay;tHhaom ynma&;pepfudk rlaojzpfap? rlSifjzpfap uRefynm[k
,lqojzihf vH;k 0 vufrcHawmhyJ trsK;d om;ynma&; pepfukd (,m,Dtm;jzif)h wck wDxiG Nf yD; oydwpf cef;rsm;rS
tjrefqHk; pwifaqmifGuf oifMum;ay;&ef?
2/
,ckvmrnfh 1947 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv (6) &ufaeYudk AD,uferfawmfvSefa&;udk axmufcHaomaeY[k
owfrSwf wjynfvHk;Sd ausmif;om;wdkif;onf toD;oD; pkkH; pka0;usif;y&ef?
3/
tmp&d,or*\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk >cif;csufrSd vHk;0axmufcH atmifjrifa&;twGuf xda&mufpGm
ulnDtm;ay;rnfjzpfaMumif; ygSdonf/
(i) oxHrk ;D yGm; eH&u

H yfpmapmif (1946-47)
jyifywGifa&m wuodkvf0if;twGif;yg ]wESpt
f wGi;f vGwv
f yfa&;&rnf} [laom a<u;aMumfoH yJhwifxyfae
ovdk oxHak usmif;aqmifu OD;pD;xkwaf 0aom ]]oxHrk ;D yGm;}} eH&u
H yfpmapmifwiG v
f nf; vGwv
f yfa&;twGuf a<u;aMumfoH
307
onf waomif;xdkufuyif Mum;tHhxifonf/
oxHkrD;yGm;onf ppfrjzpfcifuyif e,fcsJUudkqefUusifcJhaom oxHkausmif;om;rsm;\ vufeufud&d,mwck
jzpf\/ xdktcsdefu oxHkrD;yGm;udk udkA[def;u OD;pD;xkwfa0 cJhavonf/ ,if;udk tpGJjyK*kPfjyK &efukefwuodkvf
oxHkaqmif pmzwfESifh o[m,toif;u OD;pD;NyD; oxHkrD;yGm; eH&Huyfpmapmifudk ppfNyD;acwfwuodkvfwGif yxrqHk;
eH&Huyfpmapmiftjzpf xkwfa0cJhonf/ oxHkaqmif pmMunfhwdkufrSL;u wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmifGufonf/
oxHrk ;D yGm;\ t"du&nf,
G cf surf mS wESpt
f wGi;f vGwv
f yfa&;&S&d efEiS hf e,fcsUJ orm;\ wvrf;oGm;ynma&;
udk OD;wnf wdkufcdkuf&efjzpfonf/ oxHkrD;yGm;[laom pmvHk;udk teDa&mifaq;jzifh jc,fxm;\/ oxHkrD;yGm;\ t"du
tcef;onf acgif;BuD;ydkif; jzpfonf/ uAsmaqmif;yg;ESifh oa&mfpmrsm;rSmvnf; tqifhtwef;redrfhvSojzifh wuodkvf
e,fajr xdktcsdefu xkwfa0orQ eH&Huyfpmapmifrsm;wGif emrnftBuD;qHk;ESifh vlBudKuftrsm;qHk;jzpfonf/
(p) oxHrk ;D yGm; qkwjf zcJ &H jcif;

oxkHrD;yGm;onf 1946 ckESpf rS 1950 ckESpftwGif; (3) Budrf tqkwfjzJcH&onf/ tcGmcH&jcif;wdkY jzpfonf/
oxHkrD;yGm;onf yk*dKvfa&;udk t"du rxm;bJ "r"d|mefusus a0zefa&;om;cJhrI? rnfolUudkrS rykwfcwf pGyfpGJjcif;rsm;
rSdrIaMumihf trsm;tusKd;Sdrnf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; tusKd;Sdrnfqdkygu t,f'DwmtzGJU0ifrsm; taeESifh
rnfolUudkrQ axmufxm;jcif;rjyKbJ wdkif;jynftwGuf &uf&ufpufpuf a0zefjypfwif Iwfcs&Jonf/
oxHkrD;yGm; (y) tBudrf tcGmcH&jcif;rSm q&mwOD;ESifh q&mrwOD;\ tjyKtrludk ausmif;om;rsm;u twkcdk;
oGm;rnfpdk; a0zefa&;om;cJhojzifh pmapmifuyfNyD; em&D0uftwGif; aysmufjcif;rvS aysmufoGm;onf/ odkY&mwGif t
odo
dS l ausmif;om;wOD;\ owif;ay;csuft& xdpk mapmifukd csufjcif; jyef&avonf/ qkwcf mG ol q&mtaejzifv
h nf;
olUtrSm;udk 0efcHcJhavonf/ xdkq&mESifh q&mrwdkUonf toufxufqHk; aysmfTifpGm aygif;oif; aexdkifMuonf/
('k) tBudrf tcGmcH&jcif;rSm oxHHkaqmifom; ]Zifojym} qdkaom aqmif;yg;Sifu tif;vsm;aqmifu
wifquf ujyaom jyZmwfudk a0zefcJhrIaMumifhjzpfonf/ jyZmwfavmuudk pdwf0ifpm;aom ynmSifq&mwOD;u
xdkjyZmwfudk a0zefaom aqmif;yg;onf tqifhtwef; tjrifhqHk;aom a0zefa&; aqmif;yg;wck jzpfojzifh eH&Huyf
pmapmifrSmxuf yHkESdyfxkwfa0aom owif;pm? r*Zif;rsm;wGifom ygoifhonf[k a&;xm;aom aqmif;yg;jzpfonf/
vef'efrS xkwfa0aom ]]wdkif;}} owif;pmwGif ygonfhjyZmwf a0zefa&;aqmif;yg;rsm;ESifh wef;wl&nfwl jzpfonf[k
csD;rGrf;cJhonf/ tif;vsm;aqmifjyZmwfrSm trsm;arQmfvifhxm;aom jyZmwfjzpfaomfvnf; ]vlbikd pf ukw}f tqifhwef;
avmufomSdonf[k jyZmwfyDo&ef rnfodkY jyKjyifoifhaMumif; apwemoefYoefYjzifh a0zefjcif;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf
tif;vsm;olrsm;u BudK;pm;rIudk zsufvdkzsufpD;vkyfonf[k txifa&mufNyD; if;wdkU bufawmfom;rsm; vufcsufudk
rqdkif;rwG cHvdkuf&onf/
(w) tBudrf tcGmcH&rIrSm wuodkvfordkif; tqufqufwGif ajymifajrmufcJhaom oxkHrD;yGm;udk jrefrmjynf
ordkif;wGifyif rSwfwrf;wif&rnfh tajctae a&mufcJhavonf/ AdkvfcsKyfwdkY vkyfMuHcH&csdefwGif owif;pmrsm;u
*VKefOD;apmESifh taygif;tygrsm;udk vufpm;acs&efom a&;om;xm;avonf/ odkY&mwGif rnfonfh owif;pmurQ
*VKefOD;apmaemufu BudK;qGJaeaom? vufeufrsm; xkwfay;aeaom? vGwfvyfa&;udk qdkif;iHhoGm;apvdkaom e,fcsJU
t*Fvyd u
f kd rjrifMubJ rsuaf jcjywfrI a'gotarSmifaMumifh &efot
l ppfukd rjrif&bJ Sad eonf/ xdt
k csed w
f iG f wuov
kd f
ausmif;om;opfrsm; ra&mufao;aom tcsdefvnf; jzpfonf/ oxHkrD;yGm;pmapmifonf w&m;cHtppfukd az:xkwf&ef
*VKefO;D apmESihf taygif;tygudk rnfou
l vufeuf ay;oenf;? tif;vsm;uefxrJ S rQrsm;jym;vSaom b&if;*ef;rsm;udk
uywed t
f qifh o
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f avm ponfh uGi;f qufrsm;udk qufpyf,u
l m Edik if aH wmf\
0rf;enf;rItaejzifh oxHkrD;yGm; acgif;BuD;ydkif;udk teufa&mifcs,foNyD;
]AdkvfcsKyfudk owfolw&m;cHtppf b,folvJ} [k acgif;pOfwyf vufeuftrsm;tjym; xkwfay;cJhonfh
e,fcsJUom w&m;cHjzpfonf/ OD;apmonf vufuikd w
f w
k f vlowform;omjzpfojzifh ]t"du&efou
l kd rsuaf jcrjywfoif}h
[k ajymifajrmufpGm &J&J0Hh0Hha&;om;NyD; tBudrfBudrf pdppfjyifqif yxrqHk; &efoltppfudk az:xkwfcJhavonf/
puLGuf rSdaom oxHkrD;yGm;\ tmabmfonf wuodkvfe,fajromru jyify owif;pmavmuodkUyif
ysUEH YScH \
hJ / wuov
kd af usmif;om;wdik ;f av;pm;cJo
h jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;\ tqkwt
f cGmuif;aomfvnf; oxHrk ;D yGm;onf
tmPmydkifwdkU\ vufcsufrdum qkwfcGmcH&onf/
]]xdktmPmydkifrsm;um; wuodkvftmPmydkifrsm;}} r[kwfacs/
308
(q) oHrPdwyfEiS hf ausmif;om;wyfO;D (1947)

ausmif;om;or* OD;aqmifrIatmufSd ausmif;om;wyfzGJUudk ppfBudKacwfutwdkif; oHrPdwyfzGJU&ef (odkU)
ausmif;om;wyfOD;[k zGJU&ef wuo tpnf;ta0; jyKvkyfcJhonf/
]]ausmif;om;wyfOD;}} [k trnfcH&ef rJcGJqHk;jzwfonf/
if;wyfzGJUtwGuf zGJUpnf;yHk? wHqdyfrsm;a&;qGJ&ef AuotrIaqmifodkUwifjycJhonf/
if;ESpfrwdkifrDu Adkvfarmifuav;udk &efukefwuodkvf oHrPdwyf jyefvnfzGJUpnf;a&;twGuf OD;aqmifrI
jyKyg&ef wuf<uaom ausmif;om;vli,fwpku wdkufwGef;arwm &yfcHcJhonf/ oHrPd wyf0ifvdkolrsm;tm; aMunm
ac:,lvu
kd &f m ppftwGi;f b0 tzHzk EkH iS hf tawGUtMuHKpHck o
hJ nfh &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;? zufqpfqefYusifa&; &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;?
rsKd;cspfpdwf"gwf wuf<u&ifhoefaeonfh ausmif;om;rsm; tm;wufoa&m a&mufvmNyD; oHrPdwyfom;rsm; vGwfvyf
a&;twGuf ta&;MuHKvQif wdkufyGJ0ifEdkif&ef tvdkYiSm oHrPdwyf acgif;aqmifrsm;u ppfoifwef; avhusifhay;NyD; p
wif taumiftxnf azmfcJhavonf/
1946 ck? 'DZifbmv (5) &ufwGif wuodkvfoHrPdwyf ppfoifwef;trSwfpOf (1) udk enf;jyrSL;csKyf
udkbaxG;? enf;jyrsm;tjzpf udkusifvIdif? udkwifOD;? udkzdk;om? udkcif? udk0if;atmif (usqHk;) wdkUu oifwef;zGifhcJhonf/
(Z) twGi;f 0ef;kH 0kid ;f pOfu (1947)

Auo OD;aqmifrIjzifh nDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u twGif;0efkH;udk 0dkif; qEjy&ef qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ xdkpOf
ynma&;0efBuD;rSm *VKefOD;apm jzpfonf/ *VKefOD;apmrSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; OD;aqmifaomtzGJUwGif tzGJU0iftjzpf
bdvyfodkUoGm;ae ynma&;0efBuD;wm0efudk apmbOD;BuD;u acw wm0ef,lxm;onf/
tpDtpOfrsm;rSm Auoacgif;aqmifrsm;u ynma&;0efBuD;ESifh oGm;awGU&ef usef&Jabmfrsm;u twGif;0efkH;
qEjycJh&efjzpfonf/ bk&ifcH\ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; tpdk;&vufxufwGif tvHeD uGefjrLepfygwDonf twGif;0efkH;udk
0dkif; qEjycJh&m xdktcsdefu jynfxJa&;0efBuD; OD;bab (bBuD;bab) onf tvHeDrsm;udk rD;owfa&ydkufrsm;jzifh
vlpkcGJcJhonf/ jzpf&yfrsKd; rMuHK[k rajymEdkif? MuHKcJhaomf aqmifGuf&rnfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm; jyKvkyfxm;
onf/
odkY&mwGif tvHeDrsm;tay: oabmxm;yHkESifh ausmif;om;rsm;tay: oabmxm;yHkvnf; rwl/ qEjy
ausmif;om;rsm; twGif;0efkH;odkY a&mufoGm;csdef rnfonfhvufeufudkifwyfrQ rSday/ rnfolrQvnf; wm;qD;jcif;rjyK?
wHcg;tm;vHk; zGifhxm;onf? twGif;0efkH;0if;twGif; 0ifMu vrf;rrsm;ay:wGif a<u;aMumfoHrsm; [pf qEjy
vSnfhvnfMuonf/ AuoOu| udkoef;armifu ynma&;0efBuD;tm; oGm;awGUonf/ Ou| udkoef;armifESifh tzGJUjyef
vmaomtcg qEjyolrsm; twGif;0efkH;twGif;Sd ygvDreftaqmuftOD aSUwGif pka0;aponf/ udkoef;armifonf
tvHwikd af jc&if;ae&mwGif ae&m,lum ]atmifNy?D atmifNy}D [k a<u;aMumfcahJ vonf/ if;\ a<u;aMumfrrI mS twGi;f 0ef
kH;udk atmifjrifpGm0dkif; qEjyEdkifjcif;tay: tajccHonf/ ,if;odkU 0dkif;pOf (22) cdkifrS ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f
(210) a,muf? oHrPdwyfom; (50) a,muf? ausmif;om; wyfO;D (40) a,mufEiS hf &uo? wuo? AuotrIaqmif
tygt0if ausmif;om; (300) ausmf armfawmfum; (8) pD;jzihf twGif;0efkH;udk0dkif; qEjycJhjcif;jzpfonf/
(ps) AuoESifh ausmif;om;wyfO;D nDvmcH (1947)

AuoESifh ausmif;om;wyfOD; nDvmcHudk &efukefcdkif ausmif;om;oydwfpcef;Sd&m NrdKUrausmif;wGif jyKvkyf
onf/ Auo? wuo? &uowGif qdkS,fvpfygwDESifh tquftoG,fSdolrsm; jynfolU&JabmfESif tquftoG,fSdol
rsm; yg0ifonf/
trsKd;om;a&;pdwf"gwf? ausmif;om;pdwf"gwf? EddkifiHa&;udk dk;dk;om;om; pdwf0ifpm;olrsm;vnf; yg0ifonf?
trsKd;rsKd; uGJaejcif;rSm aumif;aomtajctae r[kwfaomfvnf; wlnDrIwckrSm tm;vHk;onf vli,fausmif;om;yDyD
wuf<ujcif;? EdkifiHa&;ESifh ausmif;om;ta&; pdwf0ifpm; Mujcif;jzpfonf/
AuonDvmcHwGif awmif;qdkcsufrsm;? oydwfarSmufa&;? oydwfvSefa&; jyemudk aqG;aEG;Muonf/
oydwfqufvSefvdkolonf rdrdtajccHESifh &yfwnfMuonf/ oydwfqufarSmufvQif vGwfvyfa&;vIyfSm;rI twGuf
309
taESmifht,Suf jzpfapovdk? AdkvfcsKyftpdk;&udk qefYusif&m a&mufapovdk ajymum vGwfvyfa&;? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
ponfwYkdEiS hf udik af ygufMuonf/ oydwaf rSmuf&ef pOf;pm;cJph Ofu trsK;d om;a&;twGu?f ynma&; vdt
k yfcsurf sm;twGuf
oydwfarSmufcJhonf/
AuoOu| udkoef;armifESifh &uoOu| udkoef;<u,fwdkY OD;aqmifaomtkyfpku taMumif; trsKd;rsKd;jy
oydwfvSef&ef aqG;aEG;onf/ rJcGJ&eftajctae a&mufvmonf/ oydwfvSefzufrS rJomcJhonf/
Auo nDvmcHNyD;aomtcg ausmif;om;wyfOD;nDvmcHudk qufvufusif;yonf/ ausmif;om;wyfOD;wGif
wm0ef,l vkyfaqmifaeolrsm;rSmudkbaxG;
(aemif 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;baxG;)
udkusifvIdif
(aemif aqmufvkyfa&; 'k-0efBuD;)
udkwifaT
(aemif &Jabmfcsrf;at;? pma&;q&m armifpl;prf;) wdkUjzpfonf/ nDvmcHwGif 'k-tBudrf
AuonDvmcHu ay;cJhaom wm0efudk aqmifGufjcif;jzpfonf/ ausmif;om;wyfOD; zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;udk twnfjyK
onf/ ,leDazmif;ESifh wHqdyf trSwftom;rsm;udk twnfjyKonf/ rlvu oHrPd,leDazmif;tpm; ausmif;om;wyfOD;
wHqdyf trSwftom;rsm;udk ajymif;vJowfrSwfonf/
(n) trsK;d orD;XmetwGuf TeMf um;vTm

trsKd;orD;Xme[k oD;oefYxm;Sdjcif;onf trsKd;orD;tm;vHk;\ Pfynmt&nftcsif; wdk;wufrI? &oifh&
xdu
k af om tcGit
hf a&;wdYk ukd vGwv
f yfpmG oD;oefY&vdrk t
I wGuyf if jzpfonf/ OD;pD;acgif;aqmif trsKd;orD;XmerSL;onf(1) or*ausmif;olrsm;tay: Muifemcspfcif&rnf?
(2) onf;cHEdkifonfh t&nftcsif;Sd&rnf?
(3) ausmif;om;rsm; oabmus ESpfoufjcif;udk cHEdkifonfh aumif;rGefaom t&nftcsif;ESifh jynfhpHkoljzpf
&rnf/ wif;jynfh? usyfjynfh rjynfhpHkvQifvnf; jynfhpHkatmif BudK;pm;&rnf?
(4) ygwDpGJ? yk*dKvfpGJrSdap&? SdcJhvQifvnf; 0w&m;aus>yefpGm xrf;aqmifEdkif&rnf/
trsKd;orD;Xmeonf ausmif;pmaytjyif tjcm;A[kokw ynmPfwdk;yGm;rIudk &nfG,f wnfaxmif
xm;aMumif; odem;vnfxm;&rnf/ trsKd;orD;XmerSL;onf tao;pdwf wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&ef tMuHay;
aumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;&rnf/ xdktzGJU0ifOD;a&rSm tajctaetvdkuf MunfhI uefYowf&rnf/
xdkaumfrwDwGif trsKd;orD;XmerSL;uyif twGif;a&;rSL;taeESifh aqmifGuf&rnf/ pm&dwAv? um,Av?
PAvwd;k wufru
I kd &nfG,f um,AvrSL;? PAvrSL;? pm&dwAvrSL;ESihf wGzJ ufwYkd ukd ynmt&nftcsif;? vkyf
&nfudkif&nfwdkYudk Munfh trsm;oabm wlnDcsuft& tjrefqHk;wifajrmuf&rnf/
if;tjyif oHrPdar (Girl Guide) tzGUJ udk vsifjrefpmG zGUJ pnf;&rnf/ oHrPdar pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk cdik o
f rH Pd
arrSL;\ TefMum;vTmay;ydkYrnf/ trsKd;orD; pmMunfhwdkufudkvnf; b@ma&;tajctaeudk Munfh vsifjrefpGm
zGJUpnf;&rnf/
,ckavmavmq,fwGif trsKd;orD;XmerSL;onf atmufygwdkYudk vsifjrefpGm aqmifGuf&rnf/
(u) aumfrwDzGJU&ef?
(c) um,Av? PAv? pm&dwAvrSL;ESifh wGJzufwdkYudkaG;&ef?
(8) oHrPdarwyfzGJU&ef?
oif\ wdk;wufa&;onf nDGwfa&;tay:wGif wnfSdonf/ oifwdkY\ wuf&mvrf;c&D;wGif acsxdk;rI?
ywf0ef;usif\ aESmifh,SufrI? csD;usL;rItaygif;rsm;pGmwdkYudk awGU&rnf/ MuHUMuHUcHEkdifatmif BudK;pm;&rnf/
310
OD;oef;
(1945-46)
'kw,
d urmppfBuD;tNyD;? 1945-ckEpS w
f iG ?f &efuek Nf rdKU r*dv
k rf; zGiv
hf pS cf ahJ om ta&;ay:wuov
kd f ausmif;om;rsm;
or*\ Ou|jzpfonf/ 1946-ckESpf? &efukefwuodkvf jyefvnf zGifhvSpfaomtcg ta&;ay:
wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm; or*ukd wuov
kd o
f r*tjzpf todtrSwjf yK&ef ausmif;om;xku qH;k jzwfco
hJ nf/
odkY jzpf ODoef;tm; ppfNyD;acwf wuo\ yxrqHk; Ou|tjzpf todtrSwfjyK&onf/
OD;oef;onf &efuek Nf rdKU odrjf zLawmifyikd ;f wGif arG;zGm;cJo
h nf/ 10-wef; pmar;yGu
J kd &efuek Nf rdKU pde*f Ref;a,mufsm;
uav;ausmif;rS 1939-ckEpS w
f iG f atmifjrifco
hJ nf/ wuov
kd o
f Ykd qufvuf ynmoifMum;cJo
h nf/ 1945-ck
ta&;ay:wuodkvfrsm; (Emergency University Classes) odkY wufa&muf 0dZm tydkif; (u) wGif
qufvuf ynmoifMum;cJo
h nf/ 1945-46 ta&;ay: wuov
kd f ausmif;om;rsm; or* Ou| tjzpf aG;aumuf
wifajrmufjcif; cH&onf/
1946-ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiH trsKd;om;vIyfSm;rIBuD;rsm; ay:aygufcJhonf/ 1946 taxGaxGoydwfBuD;wGif
ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufcJhonf? uif;bJvfynma&; pDrHudef;zsufodrf;&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/ *syefacwf
'D*&DbUJG rsm;udk todtrSwjf yK&ef vkyaf qmifay;cJo
h nf/ tBudKwuov
kd o
f ifwef; (Pre University) rS oifwef;
atmifolrsm; wuodkvfqufvufoifMum;Edkif&ef aqmifGufay;cJhonf/ t*FvdyfESifh r[mrdwfppfwyfrsm;
odr;f ydu
k x
f m;aom wuov
kd ef ,fajrudk jyef&atmif aqmifu
G af y;cJo
h nf/ ArmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mvli,frsm; tpnf;
tH;k tultnDjzifh wjynfv;kH ausmif;om;rsm;udk pkpnf;um Auo? &uo wdYk ukd jyefvnfzYJG pnf; ay;cJo
h nf/
OD;oef;onf ,ck tvGwfynmoif ausmif;q&mwOD;tjzpfjzifh ynma&;twGuf wzufwvrf;rS aqmifGuf
vsufNdS yD;? Edik if aH &;toif;tzGUJ rsm;wGif yg0ifvyk af qmifjcif; rSad cs/
311
OD;oef;armif (ol&,
d )
(1946-47)
rEav;NrdKUZmwd? rEav;ol&d, OD;xGef;&if\ om;jzpfonf/ 10-wef;pmar;yGJudk rEav;NrdKU A[dktrsdK;om;

txufwef;ausmif;rS 1939 ckEpS w
f iG f atmifjrifcNhJ yD;? &efuek w
f uov
kd f qufvufynmoifMum;onf/ 1941
ckEpS w
f iG f wuov
kd o
f r* trIaqmiftjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cH&onf/
1947 ckEpS w
f iG f wjynfv;kH ausmif;om;oydwf ay:aygufc&hJ m? &efuek w
f uov
kd o
f nf ausmif;om;rsm; oydww
f iG f
yg0ifcJhonf/ t*FvdyfESifh r[mrdwf ppfwyfrsm; odrf;ydkufxm;aom &efukefwuodkvfor* taqmuftODudk
jyefvnf&Scd o
hJ nf/ wuov
kd t
f aqmuftOD tcsKUd wGif useaf eao;aom t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm; tm;vH;k udk z,fmS ;
ay;onf/
Edik if jH cm; ausmif;om;or*rsm;ESihf tquftoG,f &cJo
h nf/ 1947 ck arvwGif tdE,
d jynf r'&yfNrdKU usi;f yaom
urmYausmif;om;0efxrf; (International Student Service) tmSuGefz&ifh? 1947 ck ZGefvwGif
'def;rwfjynf usif;yaom urmh ausmif;om;0efxrf; urmvHk;qdkif&m uGefz&ifhrsm;odkY wufa&mufcJhonf/
1947 Zlvdkifv csufudkpvdkAufuD;,m;jynfwGif usif;yaom yxrtBudrfajrmuf urmYausmif;om;vli,f
yGaJ wmfoUkd wufa&mufcNhJ yD;? urmUausmif;om;rsm;or* (International Union of Students) ESihf qufo,
G f
cJhonf/ urmUausmif;om;rsm; or*aumifpD tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufcJhonf/
ODoef;armifonf ,ck rEav; ol&,
d aeYpOfowif;pm t,f'w
D mcsKyftjzpf aqmifu
G af eonf/
312
Source: YU History (Diamond Jubilee)
*syefacwfwGif zGifhvSpfcJUonfU &efukefwuodkvf (,ck txu- 2? vom)
Source: YU History (Diamond Jubilee)
txuf- ppfNy;D p ta&;ay:wuov

kd f zGiv
hf pS cf o
hJ nfU &ef;a';&D;,m; taqmufttHk (,ck txu- 2? yef;bJwef;)
atmuf- ppfNy;D p &efuek w
f uov
kd f tay:p;D rS jrifuiG ;f
Source: File Photo
313
tcef; (11)
Nird ;f csr;f a&; 'Dru
kd a&pDa&;BuKd ;yrf;rI
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; vlUtcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif
(1948 rS 1949)
(u) 1947-48 Auo trIaqmiftzGUJ

udkxGef;GefY
udkwifaT
udkcspfoef;
a':i,fi,fpdef
Ou| (,refESpf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;a[mif;)

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (&Jabmfcsrf;at;)
trIaqmif
trsKd;orD;XmerSL;
(c) 1947-48 ynmoifEpS f a[majymyGrJ sm;

&efukefcdkifausmif;om;or*taeESifh ]qdkS,fvpf0g'qdkwm bmvJ} [k a[majym&ef qdkS,fvpfygwDodkY
vnf;aumif;? ]uGefjrLepf0g'qdkwm bmvJ} [ka[majym&ef uGefjrLepfygwDodkUvnf;aumif; zdwfMum; a[majymap
cJhonf/
uGefjrLepfygwDuom vufcH ocifoef;NrdKif? ocifwifxGef;? &JabmfatmifBuD;wdkY wufa&muf a[majym
cJo
h nf/ qdk ,
S v
f pfygwDu xdt
k pDtpOfukd cdik t
f oif;wcku r[kwb
f J wuouJo
h Ykd aom tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;u vkyo
f ifh
aMumif; tMuHay; ajymMum; ckdiftoif; zdwfMum;csufudk jiif;y,fvdkufonf/
a[majymyGJudk bDtdkpDaumvdyf pmoifcef; naeydkif;wGif yvkyf&onf/ a[majymyGJ rdk;csKyfvkeD;rS NyD;onf/
a[majymyGJ jyKvkyfNyD;aemuf wuorS BuD;rSL; atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyfESifh ywfoufNyD; Sif;vif;a[majymyGJ
wck pDpOfonf/ uGefjrLepfygwDESifh zqyvwdkY qHk Sif;vif;a[majymcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ yxraeUwGif uGefjrLepfygwD
ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;u vnf;aumif;? 'kw,
d aeYwiG f zqyvrS vma&mufiS ;f vif; ajzMum;onf/ wuocef;r usO;f ae
*syfqifcef;r jyKvkyfonf/
314
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1948 rS 1949 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif
(*) 1948-49 Auo tvkyt

f rIaqmiftzGUJ
Auo nDvmcHusif;yaomtcg trIaqmifwzGJUvHk; uGefjrLepfygwDtEG,frsm; taG;cH&onf/
1/ udkoef;
Ou|
(wuo Ou|a[mif;)
2/ udkvS0if;
(aemif TefrSL;tqifhjrifhynm)
3/ udkat;armif trIaqmifrsm;
(aemif TefrSL; orOD;pD;)
4/ udkbaumif;
(aemif ausmif;om;a&;&mtajccHynm)
5/ udknDnD
(aemif pma&;q&mvif;,kefeD)
6/ udkcspfoef;xGef;
(aemif A[dkw&m;Hk;a&SUae)
7/ udktkef;NrdKif
(aemif OD;aqmifTefr; pm;âxG)
8/ udkcspfarmif
(aemif b@ma&;ESihf pDrHudef; 'k0efBuD;)
9/ udkausmfatmif
(aemif wuodkvfbmomjyefESifh pmtkyfxkwfa0a&;
pmwnf;rSL;? pma&;q&mausmfatmif)
10/ udkwifaT
(&Jabmfcsrf;at;? pma&;q&marmifpl;prf;)
11/ udkpHvGif
12/ udkapmvGif
13/ udkPfcspf
(a'gufwmOmPfcspf)
14/ udkatmifodef;
(&Jabmfa0vif;? tvkyform;OD;pD;Xme)
xdkAuo trIaqmiftzGJUonf EdkifiHtwGif; jzpfay:ajymif;vJvmaom EdkifiHa&;ESifhtwl txl;wuf<upGm
vIyfSm;aeonf/
(C) 1947-48 wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ

1/ udkpdefvS
2/ udk&efa0;
3/ udkatmifjrifh
4/ udkay:odef;
5/ udkomxGef;
6/ udkGefYa0
7/ udkbaxG;
8/ udkarmifarmifausmf
9/ roef;oef;EG,f
10/ udkvS
11/ udkarmifarmif (c) udkarmifBuD;
Ou|
'k-Ou|
aiGxdef;
wGJbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
wuodkvfcsif; qufoG,fa&;rSL;
wuodkvfausmif;om;wyfOD; wm0efcH
jyefMum;a&;ESifh 0g'jyefYyGm;a&;
aygif;oif;qufqHa&;ESihf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
(C-1) 1947-48 wuotrIaqmiftzGJY vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;

1946-47 wuotrIaqmiftzGJU vufxufwGif ausmif;om;rsm;yg0ifaom oHrPdwyfudk zGJUpnf;onf/
wuou wuov
kd af usmif;om;wyfO;D wm0efcH qufvufxm;Sdonf/ ausmif;om;taysmfwrf;wyfzUJG udk 1947 ckEpS ?f
azazmf0g&DvwGif tif;pdefwdkufyGJ jyif;xefaepOf wuorS zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ ,if;wyfzGJU0ifrsm;udk jynfaxmifpk jrefrm
EdkifiHawmf jynfolU0efxrf;wyf&if;? &efukefcdkifwGif ppfynmoifwef; zGifhvSpf oifMum;ay;onf/ 1947 ck? Edk0ifbmv
(19) &ufwGif usif;yaom 'kwd,tBudrf trIaqmiftzGJUtpnf;ta0;wGif urmYausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU
International Student Service (I.S.S), H.Q (Geneva) vkyfief;ESifh zGJUpnf;yHkrsm;udk wifjyNyD; urmhausmif;om;
0efxrf;tzGUJ jrefrmEdik if aH umfrwD (International Student Service Burma Committee, University of Rangoon)
udk wnfaxmif&ef aqG;aEG;onf/
urmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU\ XmecsKyfudk *sDeDAmNrdKUwGif xm;SdNyD; q&mrsm;? vlBuD;vlaumif;rsm;ESifh
315
ausmif;om;rsm; yl;aygif; zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ oufomacsmifcsda&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rItay: tajccHonf/ urmhausmif;om;
tzGUJ jrefrmEdik if aH umfrwDukd wuorS OD;pD; zGUJ pnf;&onf/ aumfrwD0ifrsm;tjzpf obmywdwOD;? 'kw,
d obmywd
wOD;? b@ma&;rSL;wOD;? taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;wOD; xm;SdNyD; trIaqmifaumfrwD0if OD;a&udk oifhavsmfovdk
cefYxm;Edkifonf/
(C-2) 1947-48 tdk;a0r*Zif;yg uAsm? aqmif;yg;rsm;
acwfqef;
olYEIwfrSmwJh ..... vGwfvyfNyD?
ighEIwfrSmwJh ..... vGwfvyfNyD/
jynftvHk;rSmjzifh
oDuHk;um xdkonfaw;udkrS?
csKd{pGm om,musL;ygvdkY?
jrL;wifh[efcsD/
taSUcGif arQmfumrSef;avawmh?
,aeUyif ay:vmxGef;ayxifh?
Tef;a0qifh vif;a&mifjcnf?
Munfygayh ..... tdk ..... Iprf;/
odkY csdefjrwfwGifrS?
xlxyfum omapaMumif;ayy?
aumif;NzdK;a0 atmifvHvTifhygvdkY?
a'gif;tdk;a0 ac:oHqifhw,f?
ckjzifh acwfqef;/
ndK0if;
&Jabmf . . . . cs;D usL;ygonf (0if;OD;)

oif\toufonf i,fvSygao;onf? tG,fonf EkvSygao;onf/ odkYaomf .....
tdk&Jabmf- oifonf rsufawmifarG;wqHk;udkom rMunfh? tSnfIojzifh oifhudk csD;usL;yg\/
tdk&Jabmf- oifhtusKd;aumif;rIudkom rvdkvm;bJ trsm;twGuf tepfemcH&ef toifhSd oif\ jrifhjrwfaom
pdwf"gwfudk av;pm;pGm csD;usL;yg\/
tdk&Jabmf- oif\OD;aESmufESifh trSm;trSefudk wduspGm a0zefEdkifpGrf;Sd oifhtm; tonf;ESvHk;Mum;rS azmufxGuf
vQHwufvmaom csD;usL;jcif;jzihf csD;usL;yg\/
tdk&Jabmf- oifhpdwf"gwfonf r,dkifrGwf? oHrPdjzihfNyD;aom pdwf"gwfjzpf axmyemum oifhtm;
csD;usL;jcif;trIudk yyg\/
tdk&Jabmf- oifonf oifh&Jabmfrsm;tzdkY ]&Jabmf} ]&JaSmf} r[kwf? a&ra&maom ]&Jabmf} ppfppfjzpf
txl;csD;usL;yg\/
tdk&Jabmf- oifonf tbaumif;om;yDopGm tbvGwfvyfrIwckwnf;udkom OD;wnfum ppfxGufcJh\/ odkUvnf;
oifhBudK;yrf;rIonf c&D;qHk;wdkif ra&mufwwfao;/
tdk&Jabmf- oifonf usyfjynfhvGwfvyfa&;udk rdudkifEdkifonftxd yef;wdkifodkY OD;vnfroHk? OD;qHaqG;ajrh
ygvnf; rwGefYrqkwfbJ vufeufqGJudkif csDwufygavmh/ tb ArmjynfwGif; zdkz&Jjzpfaeonfudk Munfhrae
tm;ygESifh/ aoaomfvnf; O'gef;wGif&pfygapawmh? xdktcgrS ig\ csD;usL;jcif;udk tqHk;owfygtHh/
tdk&Jabmf- xdktcg tlwGif; toJESvHk;Mum;rS vQHwufaygufxGufvmaom csD;usL;jcif;jzifh txl;av;pm;pGm
igcsD;usL; OD;TwfygtHh/
tdk&Jabmf- xdktcgrS oifhtm; ]wdkif;jynfol&Jaumif;&Jabmf} bGJUxl;udk tyfESif;ygtHhownf;/
316
urmah usmif;om;tzGt
YJ pnf;rsm; (1947 td;k a0ygaqmif;yg;)
&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*ESifh vnf;aumif;? ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*ESifh vnf;aumif;
qufoG,fNyD;pD;aom urmYausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf; (2) &yfrSm International Student Service (urmhausmif;om;
0efxrf;tzGJU) ESifh International Union of Students (urmhausmif;om;rsm;or*) wdkU jzpfonf/
urmhausmif;om;0efxrf; A[dktzGJUcsKyfwnf&mXmerSm qGpfZmvefjynf *sDeDAmNrdKUjzpf urmhausmif;om;rsm;or*
A[dkXmecsKyfrSm csufudkpvdkAufuD;,m;jynf y&wfNrdKUawmf jzpfonf/ urmhausmif;om;0efxrf; zGJUpnf;yHkrSm EdkifiHwdkif;
Sd ]yl;aygif;aqmifGufaeaomtrsKd;om;aumfrwDtzGJY} rsm;ay:wGif zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ trsKd;om;aumfrwDwdkif;onf
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&; pnf;rsOf;ESifhtcGifhta&;Sd oD;jcm;vGwfvyfcGifh Sdonf/ xdktzGJUtpnf;rSm ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;
rsm;ESifh ygarmuq&mBuD;rsm; yl;aygif; OD;pD;vkyfudkifaom ]ud,
k w
f ikd u
f n
l aD &;} tzGJUjzpfonf/ wESpfwBudrf a'owdkufvHk;
qdkif&mnDvmcHESifh EdkifiHwumnDvmcH jyKvkyfonf/ xdkEdkifiHwumnDvmcHtNyD; OD;pD;tzGJUnDvmcH usif;yonf/
urmhausmif;om;rsm;or* zGJUpnf;yHkrSm EdkifiHwdkif;Sd EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;or*ay:wGif zGJUpnf;wnf
axmifonf/ xdkEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;or*rSmvnf; EdkifiHwGif;Sd ausmif;BuD;rsm;? odyHwuodkvfBuD;rsm;
ynmoif,laeaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;wdkY\ or*rsm; pkpnf;zGJUxm;aom A[dkor*jzpfonf/ xdkEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m
ausmif;om;rsm;or*onf trsm;qHk;aom ausmif;om;xk\ udk,fpm;vS,fjzpf zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk pnf;rsOf;Oya'rSm
'Drdkua&pDpHepfus&rnfh tjyif vufawGU vkyfaqmifrIrsm;Sdonfh tzGJUtpnf;jzpf&onf/ xdkYtjyif a,mufsm;? rdef;r?
pD;yGm;a&;tajctae? aygif;oif;qufqHrI? EdkifiHa&;,HkMunfrI? bmomt,l0g'? vlrsKd; (odkY) tom;ta&mif? rcGJrjcm;em;
apbJ toif;ol? toif;om;tjzpf 0ifcGifhSd&rnf/ xdkurmhausmif;om;rsm;or*[m ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;\
tzGJUtpnf;jzpf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;uom vkyfudkifaqmifGufaom
or* jzpfonf/ wESpfwGif wBudrf? a'owdkufvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHusif;yonf/ (3) ESpf wBudrf EdkifiHwumausmif;om;
rsm;nDvmcH usif;y rjyKvkyfjzpfaom ESpfrsm; EdkifiHwum OD;pD;nDvmcH jyKvkyfusif;yonf/
onfESifh ywfouf Student ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol [laom a0g[m&ESifh (National Union of Students)
EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;or*\ t"dyg,fudk Sif;vif;&ef txl;vdktyfayonf/ urmhausmif;om;0efxrf; zGJU
pnf;yHk? tkyfcsKyfyHk? pnf;rsOf; Oya'xJwGif Student ESifhywfouf atmufygtwdkif; owfyHkTef;onf/ Student
onf txufwef;? pufrIvufrI ynmoifausmif;BuD;rsm;? twwfoif odyHausmif;BuD; wuodkvfrsm; txufwef;
ynm&yf SmazGoifMum;aeaom vli,frsm;udk qdkvdkonf/ ausmif;rsm; ynmoifMum;aeMuaom vli,fausmif;ol?
ausmif;om; uav;rsm; ryg0ifay/ uREkfyfwdkY ArmjynfESifh tdEd,rSvGJ Student [laoma0g[m&onf EdkifiHwumwGif
ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;udkom ac:a0:oHk;pGJavonf/ xdkYaMumihf ,leufpudk (urmhynmavmu"mwf ,Ofaus;rI
tzGJUcsKyf) rSwyg; urmhausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSm ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;i,frsm; or*ESifh vHk;0yif rqufoG,fEdkif
ay/ rywfoufoavmuf jzpfaeavonf/ xdkYaMumifh uREkfyfwdkYonf urmhausmif;0efxrf;tzGJU ESpfywfvnfnDvmcH
vnf;aumif;? urmhausmif;om;rsm;or* OD;pD;nDvmcHvnf;aumif;? ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;i,frsm;twGuf urmhtzGJU
tpnf;wckSdoifhaMumif; tMuHay;awmif;qdkcJhaMumif;/
urmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU\ tajccHrl&if;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
urmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUonf wuodkvfrsm; tcdkiftrmnDGwfa&;ESifh tvkyfwlyl;aygif;aqmifGufa&;wdkYudk
tiftm;BuD;rm;pGmjzihf wdk;yGm;BuD;jrifhap&ef urmtESHYtjym; ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;ESifh ygarmursm; yl;wGJ
tvkyfvkyf&ef jzpfonf/ if;\ vkyfief;aqmifwm t&yf&yfwdkYwGif t,l0g'? bmomwdkif;ESifh EdkifiHa&;? 'Drdkua&pDus
aom aygif;oif;qufqHa&; tm;vHk;wdkY\ udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yl;aygif;yg0if vkyfudkifMuonf/ tzGJU\ &mZ0ifrSm 1920
ckESpfwGif urmhc&pf,mef ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; tpnf;tkH;u zefwD;ay;vdkufaom yxr ]]Oa&my ausmif;ol?
ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; ulnDaxmufyHha&; aumfrwDtzGJUrS wqifh arG;xkwfvdkufaom urmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUonf
jzpfay:vmavonf/ ausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUonf 1926 ckESpfwGif udk,fydkifoD;jcm;tkyfcsKyfa&;\ tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh
jynfhpHkaom tzGJUw&yf jzpfvmonf/ 1940 ckESpfwGif urmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU? urmhc&pf,mef ausmif;ol?
ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; tpnf;tHk;? urmha&0wD ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;or*ESifh dkrefuufovpf c&pf,meftzGJUtpnf;
wdkYonf ]]urmhausmif;ol? ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; ulnDaxmufyHa&;tzGJU}} udk wnfaxmifcJhMuonf/ xdktzGJUBuD;\ tkyfcsKyfa&;
vkyfudkifrIt00udk urmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUodkY wm0efvTJtyfxm;onf/ 1946 ckESpfwGif urmhausmif;om;rsm;or*
onf urmhausmif;ol? ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; ulnDaxmufyhHa&;tzGJUBuD;ESifh qufoG,fcJhavonf/
urmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU\ vkyfief;rsm;rSm ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;tm; ulnDaxmufyHha&;? EdkifiHwum
ynmoifMum;a&;? ausmif;om;twGuf wnf;cdktdrf? aq;Hk? ,Ofaus;rI? A[dkXmersm; jyKvkyfjcif;? wuodkvfrsm;ESifh
ywfouf owif;tvJtvS,f ydkYaqmifjyefMum;a&;? ynmpl;prf;SmazGa&;? ynmc&D;vkyfief; ponfwdkY jzpfavonf/
317
urmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU OD;pD;tzGJUESifh Hk;vkyfom;rsm;rS ty toif;0ifrxm;Sday/ ausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUonf
yl;aygif;xm;aom tpktpnf; (3) ck ay:wGif wnfaqmufxm;ayonf/ if;wdkYrSm(1) oufqdkif&m toif;om;rsm;?
(2) yl;aygif;aqmifGufaeaom trsKd;om;aumfrwDtzGJUrsm;?
(3) ausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU\ rdwfaqGrsm;jzpfonf/
ausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU\ rdwfaqGqdkonfrSm tzGJU\vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk vltm;? aiGtm;jzifh axmufyHhulnD
jrifhwifay;vdkaom yk*dKvfBuD;rsm;? wuodkvfq&m? q&mrrsm;? ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; jzpfavonf/
urmhausmif;om;rsm;or*\ &nfG,fcsufrsm;rSm1/ wdk;wufa&;twGuf tvkyfvkyfudkifaeMuaom urmay:Sd 'Drdku&ufwpf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;taygif;\
udk,fpm;vS,f tzGJUtpnf;tjzpf? xdkoabmxm;t& ausmif;ol ausmif;om;tm;vHk;\ udpt00 taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
ulnDajzSif;&ef?
2/ a,muFsm;? rdef;r? pD;yGm;a&;tajctae? EdkifiHa&;,HkMunfudk;pm;rI? bmomt,l0g'? tom;ta&mif (odkY) vlrsKd;
rcGJrjcm;yJ xdkufwefaom tcGifhta&;? txufwef;ESifh rlvwef;jrifh ynm&yfrsm;udk vli,frsm;tzdkY &,l&ef? ausmif;ol?
ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ wdk;csJUxm;aom ynma&;qkrsm;? tdrfrIaxmufyHha&; vdkaeaom ae&mrsm;wGif
ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfrsm;? ausmif;oHk; ypnf;rsm; tcrJh&jcif;ESifh ypnf;0wK vGwfvyfcGifh&&efwdkYudk BudK;yrf; &,l&ef?
3/ usef;rmcdkifcHha&;twGuf taumif;qHk;jzpfEdkifaom aexdkifrI? pm;aomufrIESifh tcGifhta&;wdkYudk ausmif;ol? ausmif;
om;rsm; tm;ay;&ef?
4/ ausmif;om;avmuwGif vlrsKd;tm;vHk;\ ,Ofaus;rIrsm;? vGwfvyfa&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pD cspfcifrIwdkYudk oHk;oyfap&ef?
5/ wdk;wufrItwGuf tvkyfwlvkyfaeMu 'Drdkua&pDpepfusaom t&nftcsif;Sdonfh pkpnf;nDnm ausmif;om;xk
udk,fpm;vS,f jynfhpHkaom tzGJYtpnf;rsm;udk wckwnf; yl;aygif; zGJUpnf;vmEdkif&ef BudK;pm;&ef?
6/ urmay:Sdausmif;ol? ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; rdwfaqGrsm;tjzpf wnfjrJap&ef?
7/ vufawGUESifh 'Drdkua&pDpepfus trsKd;om;ausmif;om;xk udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUtpnf;rsm; tcsif;csif; wlnDaom
vkyfief;rsm;wGif yl;aygif;tvkyfwl vkyfEdkif&eftwGuf jyKvkyfaqmifMuOf;ay;&ef?
8/ ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tjcm;vli,ftaygif;wdkY yl;aygif;Edkifap&efESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;? vlrIudp
t00wdkYwGif wm0ef0w&m; wwfodem;vnfrISdap&efESifh wdk;wufrI BuD;yGm;rISdap&ef?
9/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;wukwfjyKvkyfaeaom tpdk;&tzGJYtm;vHk;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk udk,fxdvufa&muf tifwdkuftm;wdkuf ulnD&ef? onfrS ynma&;qdkif&mXme taqmuftODrsm;rS
zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIESifh zufqpfpdwf"gwf0g'? pmaywnfSdaeonfh t&mrSeforQ wdkufzsuf&ef?
10/ EkdifiHwuma&;&mrsm;wGif ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; pdwfyg0ifpm;rIjzpfap&ef jyKvkyfay;&ef? EdkifiHwum tzGJU
tpnf;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;\ ta&;rsm;udk wifjy&efESifh ausmif;om;rsm;\ {&mr ta&;wBuD; vkdtyfaomudp
tultnDrsm;udk ae&mXme toD;oD; 0g'jzefUaMunm&ef? jyefMum;&ef?
11/ uRefEdkifiHrsm;? uRefEdkifiHom; EdkifiHrsm;? jyifytultnD,l rSDcdktm;xm;ae&aom EdkifiHrsm;Sd ausmif;ol ausmif;
om;rsm;tm; aygif;oif;qufqHrI? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ynma&;zGHUNzdK;aprI? jynfhpHkpGm&Sdap&ef ulnDaxmufyHh&ef? onfrS
tqHk;pGeftxd xdkwdkif;EdkifiHrsm;rS ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh jynfolvlxktm; if;wdkY\ vGwfvyfa&;ESifh wdkif;jynf
vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rIwGif wwfEdkifaom tultnD taxmuftyHh tvHk;pHk ulnDrp&ef?
12/ urmhNidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vlrIa&;&m\ 0efxrf;vkyfief;wdkYwGif avmu"gwfynmESifh ,Ofaus;rIwdkY\ wdk;wufrIudk
xkwfa0&efESifh vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf wdkufwGef;EId;aqmf&ef?
urmhausmif;om;rsm;or*onf vkyfief;aqmifwmt&yf&yfwGif txufazmfjyyg pdwf"gwfjzifh yvkyf aqmifGufoGm;
onf/ xdkvkyfief;rsm;udk A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUcsKyf\ acgif;aqmifrIjzifhom vkyfudkifoGm;avonf/ vkyfief;rsm;rSm(u) EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcH jyKvkyf&ef? tao;pdwfESifh tus,fvkyfief;? xdknDvmcHrsm;wGif vkyfaqmifcJh
aom &nfG,fcsufrsm;udk wwfod em;vnfrISdap&eftwGuf jyKvkyfay;&ef?
(c) EdkifiHwum vSnfhvnfa&;ESifh vJvS,fa&;vkyfief;?
(*) ausmif;om;csif; tquftoG,fvkyfief;?
(C) ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh if;wdkY\ taMumif;t&m udprsm;udk urmhowif;ydkYaqmifa&;jzihf ay;ydkY&ef? vufcH&ef?
(i) urmhausmif;om;rsm;r*ESifh ywfoufaom Hk;pmtkyf? pmwrf;? aMunmpmwrf;rsm;udk bmomt&yf&yfjzifh
xkwfa0a&;?
(p) upm;ckefpm;? usef;rma&;? aygif;oif;qufqHa&;?
(q) ygwDrxm;? wckwnf;aom bmomt,lroD;? ausmif;om;xk udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfaom ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;
318

rsm;udk vkdtyfaomtultnDESifh aiGaMu;axmufyHh&ef?
(Z) 0wKypnf;? aiG? ulnDaxmufyHha&;?
(ps) urmhukvor*? urmhyknukovwdkYESifh t&if;ESD;qHk;aygif;oif;qufqHrI wnfjrJa&;?
(n) tjcm;EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh &if;ESD;pGm aygif;oif;qufqHrI wnfjrJa&;?
(#) ynm? avmu"gwf bmom?,Ofaus;rI wdk;wufap&eftwGuf ynmSdrsm; yl;aygif;aqmifGufa&;vkyfief;?
(X) urmhausmif;om;or* &nfG,fcsufrsm;udk wdk;wufap&efvkyfEdkifonfh vdktyfaom tjcm; vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;?
(!) twwfoifqdkif&mXme zGifhonfhvkyfief;? q&m0ef? q&m? v,f,m? opfawm ponfh vkyfief;rsm;jzpfonf/
,cktajctaet& urmhausmif;om;rsm;or*rSm twdkif;wdkif;Sd wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;or*rsm; pka0;&m
Xmejzpf&m EdkifiHwum ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;\ axmufcHrIudk &Sd ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;\ taqmufttHk
rdbozG,f jzpfaeayonf/ EdkifiHwdkif;SdEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;or*wdkYonf urmhausmif;om;rsm;or*ESifh
qufoG,fNyD;avNyD? urmh'Drdku&ufwpf vli,frsm;tpnf;tHk;ESifh yl;aygif; urmh wdk;wufa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? wu,fh
vGwfvyfa&;odkY vufwGJ OD;vnfrokef csDwufaeayonf/ urmhausmif;om;rsm;or*um; urmhausmif;ol? ausmif;om;
rsm;tm; atmifvHawmfabmifodkY 0ifa&mufckdvIH&ef zdwfac:vsuf urmay:Sd 'Drdku&ufwpf ausmif;om;rsm; toufSnfygap?
urmhausmif;om;rsm;or* wnfjrJygap?
urmhausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh 'Drdku&ufwpfvli,frsm; toufSnfygap?
igwdkY\ tem*wftwGuf csDwufMuavmh[laom
a<u;aMumfoHjzifh tvkyfvufawGU vkyfudkifvsuf Sdownf;/
armifarmifausmf
cGyfa'gif;
wacwfuRef;wGifjzifh
oepfqef;udkwJh xGifMujyef ..... /
a&S;,cif [dktwdwfrSmawmh
vnfNidwfum wGefoHcsKdwJh
wuodkvf tdk;a0 a'gif;[mv
EGJYaESmif;um *kPfrmefx,fvdkY
rl&m<u,f TifTifysw,f
uwJhyHkzef ..... /
wbmom onfwacwfwGifjzifh
b,ft[ef b,foepfayvJ
qef;opfonfh yHkoPmef
cGyf[efjy *kPfxGm; /
avmuZrL
vlcsif;twlwlrdkY
b,fvlb,folrdk;&rSmvJ
jrefrsKd;*kPfSdefwufapzdkY
touf&,f zuf0,fxkwfumy
]]&iftkyfudk wrefjyKr,f}} vdkY
&JwkuGm rmefZmwdawGv
cGyfrnfh[ef a'gif;ysKdrd0,f
aqmifbdonfwum; ..... /
rif;ndKOD;
319
(i) 1948-49 wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ

1/ udk&efa0;
Ou|
2/ udkay:odef;
'k-Ou|
3/ udkarmifarmif (1)
aiGxdef;
4/ udkudkav;
5/ rMunfMunfvS
EdkifiHaygif;pHkwuodkvfausmif;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;rSL;
7/ udkwifjrifh
vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh pnf;Hk;a&;rSL;
8/ udkjroef;
jyefMum;a&;ESihf 0g'jyefYyGm;a&;rSL;
9/ udkpdefjr
ynma&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;rSL;
10/ udkarmifarmif (2)
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
11/ udkarmifarmifoef;
ud&k efa0;rSm qdk ,
S v
f pfygwDtEG,jf zpfonf/ xdt
k csed f wuov
kd jf yifySd OD;aqmifygwDtEG,rf sm;Sad omfvnf;
xdktcsdefxd ausmif;om;tiftm;pkzGJU taG;cH&jcif; r[kwfyg/ yk*dK vfa&;tajccHjzifh wuoaG;aumufyGJwGif ,SOfNydKif
taG;cHjcif; jzpfonf/ tkypf w
k pkwnf;rS ,SONf ydKiftaG;cHjcif;rsKd; rSyd g/ xdu
k mv trIaqmiftzGUJ onf wyfaygif;pkuo
hJ Ykd
jzpfaeonf/
tEG,f[k oHk;jcif;rSm oufqdkif&mygwD0if jzpfcsifvnf;jzpfrnf/ tcsKdUygwD0ifrsm; jzpfcsifrS jzpfrnf/ vdkvm;
axmufco
H l OD;aqmifru
I kd cH,v
l o
kd rl sm; jzpfaumif;jzpfayrnf/ rnfoYkdyif jzpfap tEG,[
f o
k m oH;k vQif vHak vmufrnf[k
,lqygonf/
(p) 1948-49 &uo trIaqmiftzGUJ
(q) &efuek t
f pd;k &acwf wuov
kd t
f ajctaeESihf vlrsK;d a&;jyem
1/ udknDnD (vif;,kefeD)
Ou|
2/ udkcifarmif0if; (Srf;BuD;) twGif;a&;rSL; (aemif bPfrefae*sm)
&uou OD;aqmif aTwd*Hkbk&m; paeaxmifhSd wefaqmif;BuD;wGif
ukefaps;EIef; usqif;a&;twGuf ausmif;om;rsm; qEjy tpnf;ta0;vkyfonf/
OD;xGef;atmifausmf OD;aqmifaom trIxrf;aygif;pHkor*? odrfBuD;aps;
A[dkor*? vrf;ab;aps;onfrsm; tpnf;tHk;ESifh yl;wGJum 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;?
vlwef;pm; wdkufyGJ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wdkufyGJ0ifvIyfSm;cJhonf/
&uoOu| udknDnD (vif;,kefeD)
e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;udk trsKd;om;nDGwfa&;jzifh atmifjrifpGm qifETJcJhonf/

awmfvSefa&;BuD; NyD;aomtcg t,ltqa&;&m uGJjym;rI? *dkPf;*Ppdwf? yk*dKvfpdwfwdkYudk tajccH vuf0JnDGwfa&;
NydKuGJvmonf/ vGwfvyfa&;ESifh twl jynfwGif; rNidrfoufrIrsm; jzpfay:vmonf/ EdkifiHjcm; owif;XmetcsdKUu
vGwfvyfp jrefrmtpdk;&udk ]&efukeftpdk;&} [l wifpm; oa&mfaeMuonf/
xdt
k csed f &efuek w
f uov
kd f rarQmv
f ifah om vIyf Sm;rIjzpfvmonf/ ykord rf S ausmif;om;tcsKUd vlrsKd;a&;pdwjf zifh
u&ifolykefrsm;udk wdkuf&ef vIYHaqmfpnf;Hk;Muonf/ ajrmif;jrcdkifrS aqmfMo &efukefwuodkvfSd (___ aysmuf)
cdkiftoif; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk zdwfMum;cJhonf/
tpnf;ta0;wGif ykord af usmif;om;tcsKdU\vIYH aqmfcsufukd vufrcHcMhJ uyg/ autef,?l autef't
D kd jyem
rSm tpdk;&ESifhom oufqdkifonf/ txl;ojzifh wuodkvf&Sd u&if-Arm wdkif;&if;om; nDtpfudkrsm;Mum;odkY xdkjyem
o,f,lvmjcif; ryoifh[k tcdkiftrmqHk;jzwfMuonf/
tqdyk gudpE iS hf ywfouf &efuek w
f uov
kd f dS atmufArmEdik if cH dik t
f oif; ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; wufa&mufaom
txufyg tpnf;ta0;rSm wuodkvfSd u&if-Arm ausmif;om;xkMum; vlrsKd;a&;jyem rjzpfap&ef? tjcm;vdktyf
320

aom udprsm; yl;aygif;aqmifGuf&ef atmufArmEdkifiHcdkifaygif;pHktzGJU(Lower Burma Inter Distric League) udk
zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
Ou|
udkomxGef;
([Hom0wDcdik )f (aemif oHtrwf)
'k-Ou|
udkwifvIdif
(awmificl dik )f
(aemif TefcsKyf? 0efxrf;aG;cs,fa&;tzGJU)
twGif;a&;rSL;
udkwifOD;
(ajrmif;jrcdkif)
(aemif TefcsKyf yifpifOD;pD;)
trIaqmifrsm;rSm udkbdk;om
([oFmwcdik )f
udkpdefbef;
(oxHck dik )f
(aemif pdkufysdK;a&;bPf refae*sm)
udkpdk;odef;
(ajrmif;jrcdkif)
wdkYjzpfonf/
tzGJUtpnf; pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJ&ef udkwifOD;? udkpdefbef;wdkY (3) OD; yg0ifaom tzGJUudk wm0ef ay;tyfcJhonf/
rarQmfvifhyJ aygufzGm;vmaom xdktzGJUonf qdkif&mcdkiftoD;oD;ygSd wuoESifh pifNydKiftoGifaqmif
aeouJhodkY jzpfrnfpdk;aomaMumifh aemufydkif;wGif zsufvdkufonff/
(Z) 1948 taqmiftajctae

vufeufudkifwdkufyGJrsm; ae&mtESYHtjym; jzpfaecsdefwGif &efukefwuodkvfudk qufvuf zGifhxm;onf/
taqmif ausmif;om;tcsKdU wpwp rdrda'oESifh tquftoG,fjywfvmonf/ c&D;vrf;rsm; vHkjcHKrIrSd? xdkESpfMo*kwf
vwGif wyfrawmfrS wyf&if;wcsKdU awmcdo
k mG ;aomtcg wuotm; ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;ac:ay;&ef awmif;qdk
cJhMuonf/
&efukefwuodkvf tmPmydkifrsm;u ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS taqmifaMu;r& taqmif xrif;qufauR;&ef
rvG,fbJ ydwf&rnf[k xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/ xdkacwf taqmifp&dwfrSm ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS &SdaomaiGudk oHk;&
jcif;jzpfonf/ taqmifae ausmif;om;tcsdKUrSm rdrdwdkUrdbrsm;u ydkYaomaiGrsm; ra&muf ray;oGif;Edkifjcif; jzpfonf/
odkY&mwGif wuodkvf qufvufzGifhxm;onf/ taqmifae ausmif;om;rsm;udkvnf; taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh
xrif; qufauR;ae&onf/ taqmifp&dwf rSad wmhaMumif; ajym&if;ESiyhf if qufauR;ae&onf/ taqmifausmif;om;
tcsKdUonf taqmifa<u;wifru tjcm; toHk;p&dwfrsm;vnf; jywfvmonf/ tcsKdU tcsif;csif;acs; vnf;aumif;?
rSdtpm Sdwefqm oabmjzifh ypnf;rsm; aygifvm&onf/
odkYtajctaewGif bifwefaqmif (oD&daqmif) rS u&ifausmif;olav;rsm;onf aemif&mwkwf uav;
arG;&modkY oGm;Mu&m rdk;csKyftxd jyefrvmMu[k owif;xGufvmonf/ u&ifausmif;om;tcsKdUvnf; rawGY&awmh[k
owif;rsm; A[dkaqmifodkY ysHUESYHvmonf/
txufyg owif;rsm;taMumif;jyK rnfolu vIYHaqmfvkdufonf rod? A[dkxrif;pm;aqmifwGif ta&;ay:
ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;BuD; jzpfvmonf/
tzGJUtpnf;wcku BuD;rSL; ac:,ljcif;r[kwf wa,mufwayguf qlnHvsufSdonf/ wuo OD;aqmif
aom tpnf;ta0;r[kw?f trsKd;rsKd; xifjrifcsuf ay;Mu? a0zefaqG;aEG;Muonf/ rnfonfh wuov
kd t
f mPmydik w
f Ykd urS
vma&muf xdef;odrf;jcif;? Sif;jyjcif;rSday/
rarQmfvifhaom jyemay:vmonf/ trIxrf;aygif;pHk oydwfarSmufae Auoonf ausmif;om;oydwf
jzpf&ef BudK;yrf;vsufSdonf/ Auo&Jabmfrsm;u tvdkvdk ausmif;ydwfjcif; rjzpfapvdk? oydwfray:cif ausmif;ydwfrSm
pdk;onf/
txufyg tajctaet& ausmif;om; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf ausmif;ydwaf &;udpu
kd aqG;aEG;wifjyMuonf/
Auo &Jabmfrsm;todkif;t0dkif;rS rydwfa&;udk aqG;aEG;wifjyMuonf/ if;wdkY aqG;aEG;csufudk vufrcH? em;xJr0if?
aemufqHk; xdktpnf;ta0;u ausmif;om;pktaeESifh rdrdwdkYbmom ausmif;ydwfaMumif; aMunmvdkufonf/
wuodkvf tmPmydkifrsm;tzdkY taqmifxrif; qufauR;ae&aom jyemrS xGufayguf &oGm;onf/
aemuf&ufwGif wuodkvfudk w&m;0ifydwfvdkufaMumif; aMunmcsufxGufvmonf/
Auo? wuoESifh &uorS &J abmftcsKdU awmcdkoGm;onf/ wcsKdU axmifxJa&mufonf/ wcsKdU tif;pdef?
BudKUukef;wdkufyGJwGif wyfrawmfzufrS 0ifwdkufMuonf/
321
(ps ) 1948 ckEpS f ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rI

1948 ckESpf? Zlvdkif (6) &ufrS (10) &uf aeUtxd AuonDvmcHudk usif;yonf/ ynma&; awmif;qdkcsuf
(10) csufESifh trsKd;om;a&;tqdk (10) csufudk AuotrIaqmiftzGJUu 1948 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (15) &ufaeY aeUpGJjzifh
tmPmydkifrsm;xH awmif;qdkcJhonf/
twGif;0ef OD;pdefndKxGef;u 1948 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (18) &ufaeYwGif AuoodkY jyefMum;csuf ay;ydkYonf/
xdktxJwGif pOf;pm;OD;rnf/ rMumrD jyefMum;OD;rnf[k ygSdavonf/ 1948 ckESpf? pufwifbm yJ&pf usif;yrnfh
urmah usmifom;rsm;nDvmcHoYkd wufa&muf&ef b@ma&;tultnDukd tpd;k &xH awmif;cH&m b@ma&; tusyftwnf;
aMumifh ray;EdkifaMumif; jyefMum;cJhonf/
1948 ckEpS ?f Mo*kwv
f (14) &ufaeYwiG f &uorS 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGit
hf a&;rsm; ydwyf ifwm;qD;csuu
f kd kyo
f rd ;f &ef?
ukefaps;EIef;wufrIudk tpdk;&u ydwfyifwm;qD;&ef? avmavmq,f jynfwGif;a&; udprsm; EdkifiHjcm;rS tultnD
r,l&ef? q&mjzpfoifausmif;rS rw&m;zrf;qD;cHxm;&aom ausmif;om;rsm;or* &JacgifcspfvIdifudk tjrefqkH; vTwfay;
&efESifh 0&rf;xkwfcHxm;&aom ausmif;om;rsm;\ 0&rf;rsm; jyefvnf kyfodrf;&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/
1948 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (31) &ufaeUwGif &uorS BuD;rSL; aTwd*Hk&ifjyifwGif ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;
usif;yum &uorS udknDnDu awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk tus,fw0ifh Sif;vif;NyD; Auo Ou| udkoef;ESifh wuo
Ou| udk&efa0;wdkY wufa&mufNyD; axmufcHpum;ajymonf/ 1948 ckESpf? pufwufbmv (6) &ufaeYwGif AuoESifh
&uou tpd;k &u xkwcf iG rhf yaom ausmif;om;*sme,frsm;udk &efuek Nf rdKUxJwiG f a0iSco
hJ nf/ ajray: tmPmzDqefa&;
vkyfief; jyKvkyfcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ tpdk;&onf Auoacgif;aqmifrsm;tm; owday;aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefvmcJhonf/
1948 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (25) &ufaeY uefawmfrifyef;jcH AuorS BuD;rSL; trsKd;om;aeYudk usif;yonf/
obmywdtjzpf udkoef;u rdefYcGef;ajymMum;&mwGif
]]'Daeh[m vGwv
f yfp Armjynf&YJ yxrqH;k trsK;d om;aehjzpfw,f/ tpdk;&u csKyfcs,frI Oya'awG? opmazguf
Oya'awGudk t&rf;rJhoHk;NyD; 'Drdkua&pDta&;udk qefUusifum zufqpf toGifaqmifaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh zufqpf
qefUusifa&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&; wdkufyGJ0if&efvdkw,f/ zqyvu usif;yum ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;udk apmfum;wm
jzpfw,f? (28) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;aeUudk Auo usif;yw,f? 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkeJY aygif;Edkifw,f? 'gaMumifh
zufqpfwdkufzsufa&;? 'Drdkua&pDopf awmfvSefa&;pcef;odkY ta&mufydkYEdkifw,f? vGwfvyfa&;&wm zqyv tpGrf;
aMumif&h wm r[kwb
f ;l ? qdk ,
S af wG tm;aumif;vdYk &wm r[kwb
f ;l ? t*Fvyd u
f ay;vdYk &wm jzpfw,f/ Armhvw
G v
f yfa&;
[m ppfNyD; urmhtajctaeay:rSSm trsm;BuD; rlwnfcJhw,f/
t*Fvdyfu ArmudkcspfvdkY vGwfvyfa&;ay;wmr[kwfbl;/
(1) Armvli,frsm; awmfvSefa&;pdwf jyif;xeftm;BuD;vdkY?
(2) 'kwd,urmppftNyD; ay:aygufwJh ukvor*rSm rJrsm;rsm;vdkcsifvdkY jzpfw,f/
Ek-tufwvDpmcsKyf aemufuG,frSm t*Fvdyfe,fcsJY&JY uvdefOmPfSdw,f? 'g[m bmvJqdk&if ArmUvuf0Jvrf;
pOfukd vuFsmazgujf yefa&; vrf;pOfohkd ajymif;vJa&;twGuf Armtpdk;&[m t*Fvdyf? tar&duef 'Drdkua&pDudk vufcHvm
atmif y&d,m,f qifxm;w,f? pD;yGm;a&;Muyfwnf;atmif zefwD;w,f? Armhqefpyg; pdkufysdK;a&;udk zsufqD;aom
tm;jzifh ArmhpD;yGm;a&; Muyfwnf;atmif zefwD;ay;&efjzpfw,f/ t*FvdyfeJY tar&duefwdkY[m Armtay: b,fawmhrS
raumif;bl;? ocifEt
k pd;k &[m t*Fvyd ?f tar&duefwYkd&UJ tvdak wmf&d tpd;k & kyaf o;jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumihf 'Dae&muaeNyD;
bk&m; a,mifa,mif? w&m;a,mifa,mif? awmifr[kwf ajrmufr[kwf ocifEk arSmf ;l acgif;aqmifwhJ zqyvtpd;k &udk
tjyKwfwdkufMuzdkY uRefawmf 'Dae&muaeNyD; av;av;eufeuf wdkufwGef;vdkufygw,f/}} [k ajymMum;oGm;avonf/
,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif Edik if jH cm;tultnD r,la&;tqd?k zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf OI ya'? opmazguf Oya'rsm; zsuo
f rd ;f
a&;? 'Drdkua&pD tcGifhta&;rsm; jyefay;&ef? vlrsdK;a&; t"dukPf; wm;jrpfa&;? ynma&;&efyHkaiG wdk;jrifha&;? vlwef;pm;
aygif;pHk epfemcsufrsm;onf w&m;rrQw tjrefqHk; ta&;,laqmifGufa&; paomqHk;jzwfcsufcsonf/ ,if; tpnf;
ta0;yGBJ uD;odYk trIxrf;aygif;pHk or*? odrBf uD;aps;A[do
k r*? vrf;ab;aps;onfrsm;tzGUJ csKyf? ArmrGwq
f vifueG u
f &uf?
wdkif;&if;jzpfukefxkwfvkyfa&; tzGJUcsKyfrS wufa&mufonf/
1948 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (20) &ufaehwGif wEdkifiHvHk;Sd ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;om;aehusif;y&ef?
e,fcsJUpHepfESifh zufqpfpHepfudk IUHcs&ef? Auo? wuo? &uowdkY yl;wGJ aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefcJhonf/ wuo
oabmxm;rSm ausmif;om;xk w&yfv;kH ESihf wGzJ uf trsKd;om;atmifyaJG eY? ausmif;om;aeYrsm;wGif trsKd;om;tiftm;pk
322

taejzifh csDwuf&ef? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,f&efESifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;ESifh qefUusifaom tpdk;&\
csKyfcs,frIrsm;udk uefYuGuf&ef jzpfonf/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf ausmif;om;rsm;onf EdkifiHa&;wGif pGufzuf&efrvdk?
ynma&;udkom tm;xkwf&ef vdkaMumif;? trsKd;om;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;trsm; yg0ifvkyfudkifoifhaMumif;?
,aeU jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jzpfyGm;aeaom vIyfSm;rIrsm;onf ygwD ya,m*ruif;aom vIyfSm;rIrsm;jzpfaMumif;? vlrsKd;a&;
vufeufuikd f ykeu
f efrrI sm;udk urmeh ,fcsUJ vIyf mS ;rI[k cH,Nl yD; Iwcf sonf/ u&ifoyl ek f ESrd Ef iS ;f a&;wGif ausmif;om;wyfO;D
zGJYpnf; pmAl;awmifwdkufyGJwGif yg0ifwdkufcdkufonf/
323
OD;pdev
f S (1947-48)
yckuLNrdKUZmwdjzpfonf/ yckuLNrdKU 0ufpvDtxufwef;ausmif;rS (10) wef; pmar;yGJudk atmifjrif 1937 ck

ESpw
f iG f &efuek w
f uov
kd f qufvuf ynmoifMum;onf/ 1946 ckEpS w
f iG f &efuek w
f uov
kd o
f Ykd jyefvnfa&mufdS
Oya'ynmudk qufvuf oifMum;onf/
1946-47 ckEpS w
f iG f &efuek w
f uov
kd o
f r*\ aiGxed ;f tjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cH&? 1947-48 ckEpS w
f iG f
wuov
kd o
f r* Ou|tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cH&onf/ wuov
kd o
f r* taqmuftODwiG f vkt
d yfaom
pm;yGJ? ukvm;xdkif? pmMunfhwdkuf bDdkrsm; jynfhpHkatmif vkyfaqmifcJhonf/
OD;pdev
f o
S nf vTwaf wmfaSUaeBuD;wOD;jzpf? &efuek cf dik f zqyvvli,f Ou|? &efuek cf dik f zqyv trIaqmif
wOD; jzpfonf/ wuov
kd b
f UJG &olrsm;u aG;cs,w
f ifajrmufaom wuov
kd af umifpD vlBuD; wOD;vnf;jzpfonf/
324
OD;&efa0; (1948-49)
a&eHacsmif;NrKUd NrKUd rawmif&yfwiG f arG;zGm;onf/ rdcif? zcifrsm;onf a&eHwiG ;f pm;rsK;d k;d jzpfonf/ 10 wef; pmar;yGu
J kd
rif;bl;NrKUd tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS 1941 ckEpS w
f iG f atmifjrif &efuek w
f uov
kd f ynmqufvuf oifMum;
onf/ 1945 ck ta&;ay: wuodkvfoifwef;rsm;rSp qufvufynm oif Mum;onf/
1946-47 wGif wuo taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; tjzpfjzifv
h nf;aumif;? 1947-48 ckEpS w
f iG f wuo'k-Ou|
tjzpf vnf;aumif;? aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cHcYJ &onf/ 1948-49 ckEpS w
f iG f wuov
kd o
f r* Ou|tjzpf
aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cHc&hJ onf/
1948 ckESpfwGif jynfwGif;ppf pwifjzpfyGm;onf/ 1949 ckESpfwGif autif'Dtdkolykefrsm; ay:aygufNyD; tif;pdef?
awmifiNl rKUd rsm;udk odr;f ojzifah usmif;om;rsm; awmif;qdck sut
f & wuov
kd af usmif; ydwaf y;&onf/ e,frS ausmif;
ol? ausmif;om;rsm;udk tcsed rf jD yefEikd &f ef pDpOfjcif;? e,foUkd rjyefEikd af tmif tquftoG,f jywfaeaom ausmif;om;
rsm;udk auR;arG; apmihaf Smufjcif;jyK&onf/ wuov
kd t
f aysmw
f rf; ppfwyfukd jyefvnfxal xmifNyD; tif;pdew
f u
kd yf JG
rsm;wGif 0ifa&mufwdkufckduf&m ausmif;om; (3) OD; usqHk;cJhonf/
ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rS BuD;rSL;um wpfjynfvHk; ausmif;om;oydwf arSmufcJhonf/ wuodkvf
oydwaf rSmufjcif; rjyKcahJ y/ tif'ekd ;D Sm;wGif 'wfcsf ppfwyfrsm;u 0ifa&mufwu
kd cf u
kd jf cif;udk qefYusiaf om tm;jzifh
e,fomvefoHHk;udk 0dkif;0ef; qEjycJhonf/ udkvdkeDpHepfudk qefYusifum trsKd;om; vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJudk
axmufccH o
hJ nf/
OD;&efa0;onf ,cktcsed w
f iG f zqyv tzGUJ 0ifwpfO;D jzpf a&eHacsmif;NrKUd e,f zqyv Ou|? rauG;cdik f zqyv
trIaqmif? rauG;cdik f tvkyo
f rm;aumifpD twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0ef,l vkyaf qmifaeonf/
325
tcef; (12)
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif
(1949 rS 1950)
(u) &efuek cf dik af usmif;om;rsm; pnf;k;H a&;jyem

tif;pdew
f u
kd yf aJG Mumifh ydwcf &Jh aom wuov
kd jf yefziG Nhf yD; txuausmif;rsm;udv
k nf; ZGev
f wGif jyefziG chf o
hJ nf/
odkYaomfvnf; Auo? wuo? &uo &Jabmfrsm;onf oydwfwkdufyGJwGif tcsKdU tzrf;cH&onf/ tcsKdU awmxJa&muf
oGm;onf/ tcsKdU &efukefNrdKUy: vQKdU0SufvIyfSm;aeMuonf/ Auoonf &uo tygt0if? wEdkifiHvHk;Sd txuf
wef;ausmif;rsm;udk OD;aqmifvsufSdonf/ awmxJa&mufukefMu EdkifiHa&;wdkufyGJ tqifhjrifhoGm;onf[k xifrSwfp&m
Sdonf/ vufawGUqdkif&m or*rsm;onf ausmif;om;xkESifh tquftoG,f jywfoGm;onf/ Oya'twGif; ausmif;om;
pnf;Hk;a&;twGuf w&m;0ifOD;aqmif tzGJUrsm; rJhouJhodkU jzpfaeonf/ NrdKUay: ausmif;om;xkonf tpdkiftcJvdkuf
Sdaeonf/ ausmif;om;xkudk pnf;Hk;vIyfSm;&ef tzGJUtpnf; rSdrjzpfyg/
wjynfv;kH Sd ausmif;om;vIyf mS ;rIukd Auo? wuo? &uo paom &efuek f t
dS zGUJ tpnf;rsm;om OD;aqmifrI
Sdjcif;? &efukefausmif;om; tiftm;pkrSm trsm;pkjzpfjcif;aMumifh &efukefausmif;om; pnf;Hk;a&;udk vspfvsLIxm;
r&ay/ Auo&Jabmfrsm; ausmif;om;xkpnf;Hk;a&;udk jyefvnfwmplMuonf/ &uoOu| udknDnD (vif;,kefeD)
awmxJ a&mufaeonf/ 'k-Ou| udktkef;NrdKifu Ou|wm0ef,lxm;onf/ xdktcsdefumvu wuowGif udk&efa0;
tkyfpku qdkS,fvpfygwDtEG,fjzpf ygwDEdkifiHa&;udk qefUusifonfqdkaom oefYSif;wdkY yl;wGJOD;aqmifrI&aeonf/
odUk aomf if;wdYk onf txursm;wGif OD;aqmifrrI &ay/ &uoESihf Auouom txursm;wGif OD;aqmifr&I xm;onf/
(c) &uo pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD (1949)

&uo pnf;Hk;a&;aumfrwDudk zGJYpnf;cJU&m1/ udkpdk;odrf;
Ou|
2/ udkwifxGwf (pdef*Ref;txu)
twGif;a&;rSL;
326
(aemif armfuGef;xdef;? aq;-1)
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1949 rS 1950 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

3/ udkpdk;Edkif
trIaqmiftzGJU
4/ udkcifarmifGefU
(aemif A[dkw&m;Hk;aSUae)
5/ udkPfxGef;
(aemif Oya'0efxrf; 1)
6/ udktkef;armif
(aemif bPfrefae*sm)
7/ udkwifarmif
(aemif yJcl;wdkif; ynma&;rSL;)
8/ roef;oef;jr
9/ rarar&D wdkY jzpfonf/
AuoESihf &uo oydwaf rSmuf&aJ bmfrsm; awmxJa&mufomG ;aomfvnf; ausmif;rsm;wGif or*zUJG pnf;jcif;udk
w&m;0ifydwfyifjcif; rSd/ xdktcsdefu yk'fr (5) onf ajcoGufvSaomaMumifh tpnf;ta0;tcsKdUudkyif vQKdU0Sufvkyf&
onf/ aysmfyGJpm;xGufonfh toGifjzifh &efukef wd&pmefO,smOf? tif;vsm;uef tv,fuRef;rsm; jyKvkyfcJh&onf/
(*) axmiftwGi;f rS 0ufom;ykyt

f a&;tcif;ESihf tjyifraS usmif;om;rsm;vIy&f mS ;rI
&efukefaxmiftwGif; yk'fr (5) ESifh a&mufaeaom ausmif;om;rsm;? EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;onf 0ufom;auR;
aomaeY 0ufom;ykyaf eojzifh qEjyMuonf/ tdyaf qmifrsm;odYk r0if&ef qEjyMuonf/ aemufq;kH nbufwiG f axmif
tmPmydik rf sm;u rD;armif;BuD;rsm; xGe;f um du
k Mf uonf/ xdk u
kd yf w
JG iG f &Jabmfuakd tmifxeG ;f (aemif a'gufwmatmifxeG ;f
arhaq;) aoqHk;oGm;onf[k owif;xGufvmonf/ xdktcg ausmif;om;wOD; aoqHk;jcif;ESifh ywfouf AuoESifh
&uo &Jabmfrsm; qEjy&ef pDpOfcJhonf/
wuov
kd af usmif;om;wOD; udpj zpf wuoOu| ud&k efa0; rjiif;omawmhbJ qEjyyGv
J yk &f ef yl;wGaJ umfrwD
udk zGJUpnf;cJhavonf/
udk&efa0;
Ou|
udkpdk;odrf;
'k-Ou|
-tjzpfyg0if aqmifGufcJhonf/
bwfpu
f m;rsm;jzihf &efuek af xmifBuD;udk 0dik ;f 0ef;a<u;aMumf qEjyMuonf/ odrBf uD;aps;a'gifw
h iG f um;rsm;ydw&f yf
vlxu
k kd Si;f vif;w&m;a[monf/ ausmif;olrsm;uvnf; um;trd;k ay:wuf axmifxw
J iG jf yKvyk cf ahJ om udpu
kd uefYuu
G f
tqdkwifoGif; qHk;jzwfonf/ qEjyyGJrSm arQmfvifhonfxuf ydkatmifjrifcJhonf/
qEjyyGJ tSdefaMumihf tpdk;&rSm owif;tarSmif rcsEdkifawmhbJ w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf? w&m;a&;&m0efBuD;
a'gufwmat;armifrSm &JabmfatmifxGef;udk "gwfyHkdkufum owif;xkwfjyefay;cJhonf/ xdkaeY ausmif;om;rsm;\
awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm(1)
tpdk;&onf wuodkvfausmif;udk aiGa&;aMu;a&;aMumifh ydwfyif&rvdk Ncdrf;ajcmufaeonfudk Iwfcsvsuf
vHkavmufaom aiGaMu;axmuftyHhudk ay;&ef?
(2)
&efukefaxmiftwGif; zufqpfqefqefjyKrlcsufudk jyif;xefpGmIwfcsvsuf twdtus od&eftwGuf axmif
twGif; 0ifa&mufMunfhIcGifhay;&ef?
(3)
if;axmiftwGif; pHkprf;&eftwGuf tzGJUwckzGJUpnf;&efwdkYudk qHk;jzwfvdkufNyD;vQif tqdkyg tzGJUtwGuf vl
(5) a,muf aG;cs,fvdkufonf/
f (5) &ufaeYvnf; wuov
kd af usmif;om;r* ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;w&yf usif;yNyD;
ausmif;vcrsm; wdk;,lxm;onfudk avQmh&ef trsm;oabmwl qHk;jzwfonf/ xdkaemuf wuodkvfaumifpDodkY
ausmif;om;rsm; csw
D ufqEjyawmif;qd&k m tmPmydik rf sm;onf ausmif;ydw&f uf enf;aeNyDjzpfojzifh 'kw,
d tywf ausmif;
jyefzGifhrS pDpOfay;rnf[k ajymqdk&m ausmif;om;rsm; vufrcH qufvufqEjy&m ausmif;tmPmydkifrsm;u ausmif;
aqmifvcrsm; avQmh&ef oabmwlcJh&onf/
(C) 1949ckEpS f &uoudk w&m;0ifzUJG pnf;jcif;ESihf trsK;d om;aeYusi;f yjcif;

wuo taqmuftODcef;r &efuek Nf rdKUay:Sd ausmif;om;or*rsm;udk zdwMf um;um trsKd;om;aeY usif;ya&;
twGuf ndEIdif; aqG;aEG;cJhNyD; &efukefcdkifausmif;om;rsm;or* (&uo) udkvnf; pepfwus w&m;0if zGJYpnf;cJhonf/
327
1/ udkpdk;odrf;
Ou|
2/ udkwifxGwf
twGif;a&;rSL;
3/ udktkef;armif
pnf;Hk;a&;rSL;
4/ udkxGef;<u,f
jyefMum;a&;rSL;
(aemif OD;OmPfxGef;- bPfrefae*sm 1)
5/ udkjrifhodef;
ausmif;om;wyfOD;wm0efcH (aemif tajccHynmausmif;oHk;pmtkyf)
6/ roef;oef;jr
trsKd;orD;XmerSL;
7/ rarar&D
aiGxdef;
xdkESpfwGif &uorS OD;pD; zqyvESifh tNydKif trsKd;om;aeYudk uefawmfrifyef;jcH usif;ycJhonf/ txurS
ausmif;om;rsm;? wuodkvfrS ausmif;om;rsm; (&uoudk axmufcHolrsm;)? zqyvudk raxmufcHaom tjcm; tzGJY
tpnf;rS yk*dKvfrsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm; tifwdkuftm;wdkuf wufa&mufMuonf/
trsKd;om;a&;? 'Dru
kd a&pDa&;? ynma&;ESiyhf wfoufaomtqdrk sm;? zdEydS cf sKyfcs,fru
I kd qefYusifaomtqdrk sm;udk
ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;om rubJ tjcm;tzGJUtpnf;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;vnf; yg0ifwifoGif;qHk;jzwfcJhonf/
trsKd;om;aeY aMunmcsufudk xkwfjyefNyD; NrdKUwGif;odkY pepfwus vSnfhvnf a<u;aMumfcJhonf/
(i) 1949-50ckEpS f wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ

2/ udkusifvdIif
3/ udkaiGodef;
4/ udkudkav;
5/ udk0if;az
6/ udkbdk;om
7/ udkausmfvdIif
8/ udkat;udk
9/ udkpHxGef;a0
10/ udkwif0if;
11/ udkudkBuD;
Ou|
(aemif a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf)
'k-Ou|
(aemif aqmufvkyfa&; 'k-0efBuD;)
aiGxdef;
taxGtaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
urmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUqufoG,fa&;rSL;
0g'jyefYyGm;a&;rSL;
ynma&;rSL;
vlxkqufoG,fa&;rSL;
pnf;Hk;a&;rSL;
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
tdk;a0r*Zif;t,f'Dwm
(p) ausmif;om;aeYusi;f yjcif;

AdkvfatmifausmfusqHk;cJhaom 'DZifbmv (20) &ufudk ausmif;om;aeYtjzpf owfrSwfum 1947 ckESpf
ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;rS awmif;qdkcsuft& ausmif;ydwf&uftjzpf owfrSwfcJhavonf/
ausmif;om;aeY yl;wGJusif;ya&; tpnf;ta0;odkY wuorS udkarmifarmifausmf? udkusifvdIif? udkudkav;?
udkzdk;om? &uorS udkpdk;odrf;? udkwifxGwf? udktkef;armif? udkjrifhodef;wdkY wufa&mufcJhMuonf/
&uou wuorS oefYSif;ausmif;om; trIaqmifrsm;udk EdkifiHa&;qefYusifol? ausmif;om;ta&;udk
jywfjywfom;om; aqmifGufrnfhol r[kwf[k vnf;aumif;? wuou &uo trIaqmifrsm;udk ygwDEdkifiHa&;
ya,m*Sdolrsm;? uGefjrLepfygwD tEG,frsm;[k owfrSwfjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif; wzufESifhwzuf aqG;aEG;&mwGif
oabmwlnDrI&&ef cufcJcJhonf/
1949 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (19) &ufaeUwGif &uoonf wuoESifh yl;wGJ rusif;yEdkifaMumif;udk aMunmcJh
onf/ wuoonf wuodkvfwGif vnf;aumif;? &uoonf uefawmfrifyef;jcHwGif usif;y&ef pDpOfcJhMuonf/
uefawmfrifyef;jcH &uou tcrf;tem;usif;yaepOf wuotzGJUrsm; uefawmfrifyef;jcHodkY csDwufvmNyD;
ta&;ay: SdEIdif;tpnf;ta0;yvkyfum yl;wGJusif;ycJhavonf/
wuo Ou| udkarmifarmifausmfu obmywd tjzpfvnf;aumif;? tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf &uo twGif;
a&;rSL; udkwifxGwfu vnf;aumif;? wuorS twGif;a&;rSL; udkudkav;ESifh &uorS Ou| udkpdk;odrf;wdkYu a[majymcJh
onf/
328
(q) Aef;armfausmif;om; ajcmufO;D udp

w&m;0if AuorSm ysufae ausmif;om;trsm;pkrSm xdktcsdefu &uoudk rPdKifxm; vIyfSm;aeMuonf/
EdkifiHawmfopmazmufrIjzifh w&m;pGJcH&aom Aef;armfrSawmcdkonfh ausmif;om; (6) OD; udpa y:vmonf/ xdkOya'rSm
tjrifhqHk; ao'Pfay;Edkifonf/
&uoonf 0efBuD;XmeodkY uefYuGufpm ydkYvnf;aumif;? txuESifh wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm; A[dktrsKd;
om;ausmif; (,ck txu- 1? vom) ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; usif;ycJhonf/
udkwifndK? udkxGef;<u,fwdkY Sif;vif;a[mMum;NyD; txufyg udpu
dk uefYuGufaom tqdkrsm; csrSwfcJhonf/
qEjyum;rsm;jzihf orwBuD;tdrfodkY oGm;a&mufum uefYuGufvTm ay;cJhonf/ odkY uefYuGufyGJrsm; jyKvkyfaecsdef
twGif;rSmyif ausmif;om; (6) OD;udk vTwfvdkufNyDjzpfaMumif; owif;xkwfjyefcJhonf/ ausmif;om;xkatmifyGJyif
jzpfonf/
(Z) urmNh ird ;f csr;f a&; qEjyvufrw

S af umufcjH cif;
xdktcsdefu urmhNidrf;csrf;a&;aumfrwD Ou|rSm '*kefwm&m jzpfonf/ udkpdk;odef;onf xdktzGJUwGif &uo
Ou|taeESifh yg0ifcJhonf/ urmhNidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf yefMum;vTmxkwfjyefum qEjyvufrSwfrsm; aumufcHcJhonf/
tpnf;ta0;udk (51) vrf;? ausmfvif;pmaywdkufwGif jyKvkyfcJhonf/ urmhNidrf;csrf;a&;? tEkjrLAHk;ydwfyifa&; qEjy
vufrSwfrsm; aumufcHcJhonf/
(ps) wuov
kd n
f aeoifwef; zGiv
hf pS cf jhJ cif;
&uorS OD;aqmif uRe;f awmvrf;Sd Munfjh rifwikd f txuwGif wuov
kd f naetxl;oifwef;udk zGiv
hf pS Ef ikd f
cJhonf/ xdkausmif;tkyfcsKyfrIaumfrwD Ou|tjzpf udkoef;xGef; (aemif a'gufwmoef;xGef;) u wm0ef,lonf/
oifwef;udprsm;udk udknDnD (aemif a'gufwmnDnD) u trsm;qHk; ulnDcJhavonf/ oifwef;wGif rSwfyHkwifaMu;
1d^- (wusyf) om aumufcHcJhonf/
(n) 1949 ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rI

1949 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&DvwGif jynfwiG ;f a&;tajctae waeYwjcm; Iyaf xG;vm&m Zefe0g&Dv (27) &ufaeYwiG f
wuorS BuD;rSL; ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; usif;ycJhonf/ ,if;tpnf;ta0; tqkd (6) &yf wifoGif;cJh&m(1) wuodkvfaumvdyfrsm; &uftuefYtowfrSd ydwfxm;&ef?
(2) vufSdvIyfSm;rIrsm;ESifh ywfouf tpdk;&\ tjyKtrludk IwfcsaMumif;?
(3) tpdk;&trIxrf; vpmrsm; Sm;yg;p&dwf jzwfawmufjcif;udk rESpfNrdKUaMumif; ponfwdkY ygSdavonf/
odkYjzifh jyif;xefaom vIyfSm;rIrsm; rsm;jym;vm&m wuodkvfaumvdyfESifh NrdKUrausmif;BuD;rsm; ydwfvdkuf
&onf/
1949 ckeSpf? azazmf0g&Dv (7) &ufaeYwGif trIxrf;aygif;pHkoydwfBuD; arSmuf&mwGif trIxrf;aygif;pHkoydwf
BuD;udk axmufcHaom tm;jzifh AuorS OD;pD; &uo vufatmufcH ausmif;rsm; oydwfarSmufMuonf/
1949 ckESpf? azazmf0g&D (26) &ufaeYwGif r[mAEKvyef;jcH oydwfarSmuf trIxrf;aygif;pHkESifh ausmif;
om;rsm; yg0ifonfh pnf;a0;yGJBuD; a[majymcJhaom AuoOu| udkoef;udk zrf;qD;NyD; Hk;wifppfaq;um axmif'Pf
(4) v? yk'rf 5(c) jzihf tjypfay;vdkufonf/
&uoESifh wuo acgif;aqmifrsm;udkvnf; vdkufvHzrf;qD;onf/
odkYjzifh trIxrf;aygif;pHk oydwfBuD;ESifh AuoOD;aqmifaom Ou|a[mif; udkoef;armifonf awmcdkoGm;
onf/ Auo? &uo? wuo tzGJU0ifrsm;ESihf eD;pyf&m ausmif;om;rsm; awmcdk&m AuorSm NydKuGJoGm;onf/
ausmif;om;avmuwGif tcsif;csif; pdwf0rf;uGJrIrsm; jyif;xefvmonf/
329
(#) 1949 td;k a0r*Zif;yg uAsm? aqmif;yg;

cGyfa'gif;
jrwfav;Si-f aTw*d u
kH Re;f rSmv? wif&h eT ;f um jzma0vGiu
f o
hJ Ykd? pmaypOf&yd o
f mcef;qDu? ,Suo
f ef;wJv
h nf;
a&mifysKd/ arSmifwcdkYudkv? a&mifysKdUum Tef;vQHwifhapbdkY? wGef;vSef bGifhumy aZ,smqdk/ /
NrdKifZrL vGwf&m pcef;qDodkY? NydKiftwlGwfum vSrf;atmifv? ,Sufoef;a0 pnfvGifwJhaejcnfudk
rSDcdkatmif;ygvdkY? ausmif;,Hudk a'gif;ysHjref;cJhaygh? wifhqef;wJh ueufA[dk? wuodkvfwJh-'dkYaTausmif;/ /
rdk;a&ajr xl;umyGifhapzdkU? tdk;a0a0usL;oHvTifhumy? jrL;vQHwifhaejcnfjrifhu? jrndKSifrmeftif oHk;&yfv?
uRefynm- uReftxHk;wdkY&,f? vGwf&mudk ZGwfcGm kef;ayawmh-]]tdkuG,f}} bkef;eJYcGyfa'gif;/ /
a0vif;
or*
ArmhuRefoabmuf &mZ0ifwavQmufwGif qlylawmfvSefrI? aoG;pnf;tHk<urIwdkYonf igwdkY ausmif;om;rsm;or*rS
pwif ysKd;axmifcJhavonf/ uReftrdkufarSmifzHk;vTrf;aepOf tEdkifrcH tHI;ray;aom pdwfxm;jzifh ArmwrsKd;vHk;tm;
uRefwGif;rS u,fwif&if; aoG;ajrusonfhwdkif? e,fcsJUorm;tm; vGwfvyfa&;&,l&eftvdkYiSm aoG;wdkYjzifh ,ZfylaZmfoGm;Mu
aom AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh AdkvfatmifausmfwdkYonf igwdkYor*rSyif xGufay:vmMuonf/
or*pdwfjzifh >yrf;aom udk,frSxGufonfh aoG;eDa&mifcHwGif; cGyfa'gif;kyfta&;Sdaom tvHawmfonf ol&JBuD;atmif
vHrS qif;oufaom igwdkYor*\ txGwftjrwf atmifvHyifjzpfavonf/
&JaoG;? &Jrmefwdk;apaom cGyfa'gif;tvHawmfatmufwGif or*pdwf udef;atmif;jcif;cH&aom Armhom;aumif;pk
&wemrsm; pkHk;cJhMuonf/ tepfemcHum pGefYpm;jcif;wdkYjzifh ArmhvGwfvyfa&;udk tkwfjrpfcscJhMuonf/ ,ckvnf;pkHk;
Mu&rnf/ vGwfvyfa&;wnfwHhrItwGuf BudK;yrf;Murnf/
tEdkifrcH tHI;ray;aom or*pdwfSdolwdkY or*atmifvHawmfatmufwGif y#dyujzpfMuonfrSm "rwm[k qdkjim;
vnf; ,aeYjzpfyGm;rIum; ygwDya,m* ruif;onfrSm xifSm;vSayonf/ y#dyu jzpfyGm;rISdrS wkd;wufonfudk ig
axmufcH,HkMunfonf/ odkYaomf y#dyu jzpfvGef;u uGJtufrnfudk pdk;&drf&onf/ uGJtufaMumif;ay:rnf xifwdkif;
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;? AdkvfatmifausmfaoG;wdkYjzifh zgax;jrJjrHap&ef or*pdwfSdolwdkY\ oefYSif;aom 0g'w&yf jzpf&ay
rnf/
]]owdrrl *lrjrif}} qdkonfhtwdkif; or*pdwfSd ol&Jaumif;wdkY tcsif;csif;udkom rMunfhrlbJ ywf0ef;usifudk *k
jyKoifh vSayonf/ igwdkY uGJtufrnDrGwf jzpfMuaomf tmPmydkifwdkY or*tm; vspfvsLIMuonf/ 0rf;omaompdwf
vTrf;aom rsufvHk;wdkYjzifh MunfhMuonf/ tacsmiform;wdkY or*tm; ykwfcwf tjypfajymMuonf/ ysuf&,f yMuonf/
jynfolY0efudk xrf;aqmif&if; uG,fvGefoGm;Smonfh tvkyform;? v,form;wdkY\ rD;I;wef;wefaqmif ypnf;rJhA[def;?
tmPmSifvSaT ponfh Armhom;aumif;&wem tjrKawrsm; xGef;um;atmifajrt&yfwGif wnfSdaom or*taqmuf
tODtm; rxDrJhjrifp jyKavNyD/
tb,faMumifh tjyKtrl jyKusifhcH&oenf;[k qef;ppfaomf or*pdwfSdolwdkY pnf;vHk;rI Avm tjypfSmaejcif;wGif
taumiftxnf azmfaejcif;aMumifhyifjzpf\/ or*pdwfSdolwdkY pnf;vHk;rIum; ygwDpdwftjrpfudk y,fzsufrSom jzpfEdkif
ayrnf/ or*rSuif;vGwfvQif rnfonfhygwD? rnfonfh 0g'udkvdkufvdkuf udk,fhtBudKuf vkyf&efjzpfaomfvnf; or*wGifSd
aepOfwGifum; ausmif;om;0g'ESifh ausmif;om;ygwD[k ac:&rnf/ or*0g'udk vdkuf&rnfh or*pdwfudkom oefYSif;pGm
arG;jrL oifhayonf/
ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif AdkvfatmifausmfESifh rEav;tmZmenfwdkY\ aoG;jzifh eDjref;0ifh0gcJhaom igwdkY or*tvH
awmftm; OD;Twf or**kPf rSdK;EGrf;ap&ef wm0efSdolwdkYrSm or*pdwfSdol igwdkYyif? igwdkY\ wm0efum; opmSdpGmESifh
wu,fwef; ausmif;om;tusKd; b0opfodkYa&muf&ef aqmifGuf&efomSdayonf/ ausmif;om;xk\ aSUrS rm;rm;rwf
rwf&yf oHrPdpdwf"gwfjzifh wdkuf&Jol? wdkif;jynftm; or*onf rD;I;wefaqmifozG,f jzpfapvdkolwdkYonf or*wGif
or*pdwf&ifhoefpGm a0zefMu&rnf/ qef;ppf&rnf/ tcsif;csif; dkif;yif;&rnfrSm "rwmyif? odkYrSom or*onf
oefYSif;rnf? wdk;wufrnf/
twdkcsKyfqdk&aomf or*pdwfSdol igwdkYonf tEdkifrcH tIH;ray;aom 0g'jzifh ausmif;om;xktusdK; o,fydk;aepOf
rnfonfh avmu"Hw&m;\ vufwGif;odkY usa&mufaeaomfvnf; rwkefrvIyf ridka<u; uHw&m;\ dkufykwfcsjcif;
330

'PfcsufaMumifh igwdkY\ OD;acgif;onf aoG;oHwdkYjzifh &J&JeDapumrl igwdkYum; OD;rTwf? aoG;tvdrf;vdrf; uyfaom
vufwdkYjzifh or*tvHtm; udkifaqmif EdkifiHawmfvlxktm; or*onf rD;I;wefaqmiftjzpf vrf;TefjyovQuf
csDwuf&efom oEdXmefcscJhavNyD/
udkudkav;
(X) 1945 rS 49 xd Auo

ppfNyD;acwf 1945 ckESpf rS 49 ckESpfxd (5) ESpfwm umvtwGif; AuoXmecsKyfwGif tvkyftrIaqmif (5)
qufESifh Ou| (6) OD; SdcJhonf/ 1945 ckESpf AvpXmecsKyfwGif wnfaxmifaom Auo|mecsKyf tvkyftrIaqmif
aumfrwDrSwyg; usefSdaom Auo|mecsKyf tvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwD av;qufudk nDvmcHrsm; aG;aumufwif
ajrmufcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
,if;nDvmcHrsm;rS aG;aumufwifajrmufvdkufaom Auo|mecsKyf Ou|rsm;rSmudkoef;xGef;
1946 ckESpf Zlvdkifv
udkoef;armif
1947 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv
udkxGef;GefY
1947 ckESpf 'DZifbmv
udkoef;
1948 ckESpf Zlvdkifv
udkxGef;GefYrSm 1948 ckESpf? rwfvwGif Ou|&mxl;rS EkwfxGufoGm; 'k-Ou|jzpfol udkoef;<u,f Ou|
&mxl;udk qufcHonf/
1948 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv AuonDvmcH Ou|jzpfol udkoef;onf 1949 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv (26) &uf?
eHeuf (9) em&DwGif AEKvyef;jcH oydwfarSmufpma&;rsm;ESifh ausmif;om; (1000) ausmfudk w&m;a[monfhtwGuf
1948 ckESpf? ta&;ay:yk'fr 5 (u) (c) (*) t& &efukefNrdKU? 'kwd,&mZ0wf w&m;olBuD;Hk;awmfwGif w&m;pGJqdk
cH&avonf/ udkoef; w&m;a[m&mwGif tpdk;&u pma&;pmcsDrsm; tay: vpmjzwfawmufjcif;onf tcsdeftcgESifh
roifhavsmfojzifh rw&m;&m usaomaMumifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;t& oydwfarSmuf awmif;qdk&aMumif;? oydwf
arSmufjcif;? oydww
f m;jcif;wdYk jyif;jyif;xefxef wdu
k yf 0JG ifro
S m atmufycJG EH ikd rf nfjzpfaMumif; xnfo
h iG ;f a[majymonf/
udkoef;\ a[majymcsufaMumifh pma&;rsm; Hk;rwufbJ tvkyfwm0ef0w&m; ysufuGufonfhtwGuf udkoef;rSm
txufyg yk'frjzifh w&m;pGJqdkcH&avonf/ 1946 ckESpf? ZGefv (20) &ufwGif udkoef;tm; yk'fr 5 (c) t& usL;vGef
Hk;qif; Hk;wuf 'PfaiG (200) ay;aqmif&ef? ray;aqmifygu tvkyfMurf;ESifh axmif'Pf av;v uscHap&ef
trdefYcsrSwfonf/ udkoef;u 'PfaiGraqmifyJ axmiftuscHonf/
1949 ckESpf? azazmf0g&DvwGif ay:aygufaom ausmif;om;ESifh trIxrf;aygif;pHkoydwfudkvnf; tpdk;&u
xda&mufpmG ta&;,lonft
h wGuf Auo|mecsKyfrS trIaqmiftcsKdU tzrf;cH&NyD;? tcsKdU awmcdo
k mG ;onf/ ,if;aMunm
csufwGif(1) zqyv tpdk;&onf e,fcsJUt&if;SifwdkYESifh rjyefvrf; yl;aygif;oGm;NyD jzpfaMumif;?
(2) zqyv tpdk;&onf jynfolwdkY\ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;udk ydwfyif wm;qD;aeaMumif;?
(3) 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; jyefvnf&Sd&ef awmcdk&aMumif;ygSdonf/
awmcdk AuotrIaqmifrsm;onf udw
k ifaTtm; Ou| wifajrmuf awmwGi;f Auo|mecsKyfukd wnfaxmif
onf/
331
a'guw
f marmifarmifausmf (1949-50)
rtlyifcdkif? "EkjzLNrdKU eef;awmfukef;&yf arG;zGm;onf/ "EkjzLNrdKY bufywpf omoemyausmif;? &efukefNrdKU?

pdef*Ref; a,mufsm;av;rsm;ausmif;wGif ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1946 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuodkvf qufvuf
ynmoifMum;onf/
1946-47 ckESpf rSp 1948-49 ckESpftxd qufvuf wuotrIaqmiftjzpf a&G;aumuf wifajrmufjcif;
cHc&hJ onf/ 1949-50 ckEpS f wGif wuo Ou| jzpfonf/
NrdKU&Gmtrsm;tjym;udk olykefrsm; odrf;ydkufxm;vsuf &Sdonf/ c&D;tcuftcJaMumifh ausmif;om; trsm;tjym;
pmar;yGJ rajzEdkifojzifh wESpftwGif; pmar;yGJ (4) Budrf usif;yay;&onf/ awmcdk&mrS vufeufcs 0ifvmaom
Aef;armfausmif;om; (6) OD;tm; ao'Pfay;ojzifh vGwfajrmuf&ef aqmifGuf&onf/
ausmif;q&mwOD;tjzpf &efuek Nf rKdU omoemjyKausmif; wausmif;wGif vkyaf qmifvsuf So
d nf/ ausmif;om;rsm;
aG;aumufwifajrmufaom ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f wuodkvfaumifpDvlBuD; ESpfOD;teuf wOD;jzpfonf/
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f Oya' yg&*lbUGJ &&So
d l (2) OD;om&SNd yD; wOD;rSm rqvacwf aemufq;kH or a'gufwmarmifarmifEiS hf
a'gufwmarmifarmifausmw
f Ykdyif jzpfonf/ Oya'yg&*lbUGJ udk kmS ;Edik if rH S &Scd o
hJ nf/
1989 ckEpS w
f iG f a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ tmPmzDqefa&;vIyf mS ;rIwiG f yg0ifaqmifu
G rf jI zifh tzrf;cHNyD;? 1992
{NyDvwGif jyefvnfvw
G af jrmuf vmonf/
1998 ckESpf? azazmf0g&DvwGif ,ckpmtkyf a&;om;&mwGif yg0iftMuHay;ulnDrIaMumifh xyfrH axmif'Pf
(10) ESpf csrSwfcH&onf/ 2004 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (19) &ufwGif jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmonf/

(atatyDyDbD? udkcGefqdkif; jyefvnfajymjycsuf/)
332
tcef; (13)
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; vlUtcGifhta&;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif
(1950 rS 1951)
(u) pifNyKd if &uorsm; zGUJ pnf;&efBuKd ;yrf;rI

1950-51 ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;pnf;Hk;a&; vkyfief;rsm; jyefp&m &uorS ]ausmif;om;} [laom pmapmif
(4) apmifudk xkwfa0cJhonf/ xdkpmapmifudk pnf;Hk;a&;? ynmay;a&;twGuf BudK;pm; tm;xkwfcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
&uoonf ausmif;om;xk ta&;ygaom tajctaeSdonf/ wuowGif oefYSif; ausmif;om;tkyfpku OD;aqmif
aeavonf/ qdk ,
S v
f pfygwDtEG,rf sm; pnf;H;k a&;usqif;aeonf/ uGejf rLepfygwDtEG,rf sm; acgif;aqmifrI &xm;aom
AuorSm trsm;pk awmcdkoGm;onf/ oefYSif; ausmif;om;xkonf Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;udk a<u;aMumf
wdkufyGJ aSmifavhSdonf/ ausmif;om;ta&;udk jywfjywfom;om; OD;aqmifEdkifjcif;rSd/ &uoonfom ausmif;om;
vIyfSm;rIrsm;wGif tmHkpdkufcHcJh&onf/
txursm; jyefziG Nhf yD;aemuf &efuek Nf rdKUay: ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;u vQKdU0Sut
f pnf;ta0; usif;y&ef
pDpOfcJhonf/ xdkvQKdU0Suf tpnf;ta0;zdwfpmwGif &uoOu| rSdawmhaMumif;? &uojyefvnfzGJUpnf;&ef vIHUaqmf
zdwfMum;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ udkatmifoef; (aemif tajccHynmOD;pD;|me) rS OD;aqmif yef;qdk;wef;vrf;Sd atmifodyH
tvGwfynmoifausmif;wGif tpnf;ta0; jyKvkyf&ef pDpOf &uoudk pifNydKifaxmif&ef BudK;yrf;avonf/
xdkodkY jzpfay:vmaomtcg vufSd&uorS trIaqmifrsm; vQKdU0Suftpnf;ta0;odkY ausmif;toD;oD;rS
ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&muf&ef pnf;Hk;a&;qif;Muonf/ &uo pifNydKifvkyf&ef tpnf;ta0;odkY udkwif
xGwfESifh udkjrifhodef;wdkY OD;aqmif wufa&mufcJhonf/
ausmif;om;or* toD;oD;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u rrSefuefrIudk uefYuGuf&efjzpfonf/ tpnf;ta0;
usif;y&m yef;qd;k wef; atmifoyd aH usmif;teD; udpk ;kd ode;f ? udck ifarmifjrihf (tqdak wmf udo
k ef;vdiI t
f pfu)kd ? udt
k ek ;f armif
wdkYonf toHcsJUpufjzifh pifNydKifaxmif&ef vkyfMuHrIudk Sif;jyonf/ rarQmfvifhaom tajctaeudk MuHKaomtcg
pifNydKifaxmif&ef BudK;yrf;olrsm;onf pifNydKifaxmif&ef BudK;yrf;rIudk pGefUvTwfvdkufonf/
333
(c) &uo jyefvnfzUJG pnf;jcif; (1950-51)

Oya'wGi;f rS &uo OD;aqmifaom vIyf mS ;rI BuD;xGm;vmjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? wuov
kd yf &0PftwGi;f
ausmif;om;xktajctae wESpx
f uf wESpf wk;d vmjcif;aMumihf vnf;aumif;? txuESihf trsKd;orD; omoemjyKausmif;
rsm; Mum;odYk yif 0ifa&muf pnf;H;k Edik cf ahJ yonf/
pnf;Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk udkwifaT? udak tmifjrif?h rarar&D? rcifrr (rcifrav;)? udkausmfjrifh (aemif
tqdkawmfrif;aemif)? rMunfpdef (a'gufwmMunfpdef)? rwifjrifh? rat;jrifh? rwifwifNrdKif? udkwifxGwf? udkjrifhodef;?
udkwifjrifh (aeaoG;eD) wdkY yg0ifcJhonf/
1950-51 ckESpf &uonDvmcHudk pnf;Hk;a&; tajccHaumif;aom udkwifxGwf? udkjrifhodef;wdkY aexkdifonhf
pde*f Ref;trsKd;om;ausmif;? vrf;rawmf txu (1) wGif usif;yonf/ nDvmcHowif;twGuf &efuek Nf rdKU owif;pmwku
d f
toD;oD;rS owif;axmufrsm; wufa&mufcahJ vonf/ &uorSm ausmif;om;vIyf mS ;rI rPKd ifjzpfaeNyD; wckwnf;aom
&uoudk cdkifrmpGm jyefvnf zGJUpnf;EdkifcJhonf/
1950-51 ckESpf &uo trIaqmiftzGJY
udktkef;armif
Ou|
udkjrifhodef;
twGif;a&;rSL;
udkcifarmifjrifh
trIaqmifrsm;
udkcifarmifwifh (wuodkvfbkef;Edkif)
if;&uoudk udknDnD (vif;,kefeD) onf OD;aqmif or*tzGJUtpnf;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifcJhjcif;? wdk;
wufaom EdkifiHa&;tawG;tac: t,ltqrsm;? rmhufpf0g' avhvma&;tzGJUwGif wufwuf<u<u yg0ifcJhonf/
(c-1)
(c-2)
334
1950 ckESpf wuo trIaqmiftzGJY

1/ udkpdefjrarmif
2/ udkarmifarmifoef;
3/ udak usmfNidr;f
4/ udkat;udk
5/ udkjrpdef
6/ udkvSwifh
7/ udkcspfpdef
8/ udkpHaTOD;
9/ udkvSul
10/ udk0if;az
11/ udkbpD
Ou|
'k-Ou|
aiGxed ;f (jrefrmhqkd ,
S v
f pfvrf;pOfygwD A[dak umfrwDtwGi;f a&;rSL;)
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;
jyefMum;a&;ESifh 0g'jzefYjzL;a&;
aygif;oif;qufqHa&;ESifh vlrIa&;&m
vlxkynma&;ESifh wuodkvfynma&;
urmhwuodkvfrsm; qufoG,fa&;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;
tdk;a0wm0efcH
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
1950-51 ckESpf wuo trIaqmiftzGJY

1/ udkudkav;
Ou|
2/ udkcifarmifjrifh
'k-Ou|
3/ udkpdefbef;
4/ udkjrifhxGef;
aiGxdef;
5/ udkwif0if;
twGif;a&;rSL; (Pub & Prop)
6/ udktkef;cdkif
twGif;a&;rSL; (S.S & S.C)
7/ udka&mbwfqGefcg;
twGif;a&;rSL; (I.S.S & F.R)
8/ udkodef;atmif
twGif;a&;rSL; (Mass Media & Organization)
9/ udkvSodef;
wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;
10/ udkwif0if;
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
11/ udkwifxGef;
tkd;a0t,f'Dwm
(*) vufo;D xd;k ? oHww

k f u
kd Ef iS hf ausmif;om;rsm;
1951 ckEpS f wuov
kd w
f iG f vufo;D xd;k ? oHww
k f u
dk u
f pd jzpfay:vmonf/ wuov
kd w
f iG f vGepf mG *,ufu
kd f
vmonf/ xdkpOf wuo Ou|rSm udkpdefjrarmif (a'gufwmpdefjrarmif) jzpfonf/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;rSm oefYSif;
ausmif;om;tkyfpkrS udkat;udk jzpfonf/ xdkESpf wuoaG;aumufyGJ yxrtokwf Ou|? 'k-Ou|? aiGxdef;rSm
qdk ,
S v
f pfygwD tEG,rf sm;jzpfNyD; ('k) tokwt
f rIaqmif (6) OD;rSm oefiS ;f ausmif;om;tkypf rk S jzpfonf/ uGejf rLepfygwD
tEG,frsm; 0ifa&muftaG;cHaomfvnf; tqdkygESpftxd taG;rcH&ay/
jyemrSm wuotkyfpk (2) tkyfpkMum; tpnf;ta0;wGif udpwckudk aqG;aEG;&m vufoD;xdk;rI jzpfoGm;
onf/ if;jzpf&yfonf xkdae&mwGif &yfraebJ pdwfrausyGJtjzpf qkdS,fvpftEG,f tcsKdUonf oeYfSif;tkyfpkrS trI
aqmifwcsKdUtm; Ow&aqmif (North Hall) wGif oHww
k jf zifh ku
d o
f mG ;onf[k Mum;od&onf/ oHww
k jf zifh du
k o
f l
armifarmifBuD;onf oHwkwfarmifarmifBuD;[k trnfwGifcJhavonf/
xdktjzpftysufonf ausmif;om;xkMum; rsm;pGm *,ufdkufcJhonf/ wuo\ *kPfodum dSK;EGrf;apaom
taMumif;t&m jzpfcJhonf/ wuowGif rnfoljzpfap? rnfonfhtkyfpkrS aG;cH&ol jzpfap? xkdtrIaqmifrsm;udk ausmif;
om;xk udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf todtrSwfjyKum wuodkvftmPmydkifESifh tpdk;&uvnf; todtrSwfjyKonf/ wuoudk
tm;vHk; av;pm;Muonf/ e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; BudK;yrf;rIjzifh ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rI tpOf
tvm BuD;rm;cJah om tzGUJ tpnf;jzpfonf/ jrefrmEdik if H e,fcsUJ qefYusiaf &;ordik ;f ? ausmif;om;vIyf mS ;rIordik ;f wGif azsmufr
&aom tzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf/
txufyg trIaqmifrsm;\ vufo;D xk;d ? oHww
k f u
kd f jzpf&yfonf wuo\ *kPo
f u
d m dKS ;EGr;f atmifvyk f
jcif; jzpfonf/ 17? 11? 50 &ufaeYwGif ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyfum ta&;ay:aumfrwD (Action
Committee) udk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
ausmif;om;xk ta&;ay:tvkyfaumfrwD aMunmcsuf
&ufpGJ- 17? 11? 50
&Jabmfw-Ykd
wuoudk zufqpftarGcH ol,kwf? olrdkufrsm;vufrS u,fwif&ef/
wuo\ taoa&udk jyefvnfq,fwif&efESifh ausmif;om;xk tmPmudk jyefvnf odrf;ydkuf&eftwGuf
ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;w&yfudk 17? 11? 50 aomMumaeY? rGef;wnfh (12;00) em&DwGif tcef; (4)
ud
k eG Yfa0 (aemif OD;aqmifTefMum;a&;rSL;? touftmrcHaumfydka&;Sif;) u obmywd? udknDnDu twGif;a&;rSL;
tjzpf aqmifGuf usif;ycJhaMumif;/
tqdyk g ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;odYk udMk unfvif (pma&;q&mMunfvif)? udw
k iftek ;f ? udpk ;kd rif; (OD;oef;OD;?
aemiftajccHynmOD;pD;Xme Tecf sKyf) wdYk u tpnf;ta0; ac:,l&jcif;ESihf vufjdS zpfaeaom tajctae t&yf&yfukd
Si;f vif;ajymMum;NyD; atmufygtqdrk sm;udk ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;rS uefYuu
G o
f rl Sd trsm;oabmwl wnDw
Gwfwnf; qHk;jzwf twnfjyKaMumif;/
tqdk (1) - vlrdkuf0g'udk Iwfcsa&;tqdk
tqdk (2) - udkpdefjrarmif? udkat;udkESifh tmPmydkifwdkY vufodwfxdk; aqG;aEG;&mrS ay:aygufvmaom
20? 11? 50 &ufaeYwGif usif;yrnfh (Recall voting) ac: rJay;yGJudk(u) wuo tajccHpnf;rsOf;ESifh rudkufnDvnf;aumif;?
(c) ausmif;om;xk tcGifhqEr,lbJ tmPmydkifESifh 'l;axmufaphpyf&mrS ay:aygufvmjcif;aMumifh ausmif;
om;xk w&yfvHk;tm; apmfum;&m a&mufojzifhvnf;aumif;?
(*) ausmif;om;wkYd\ ajymifajrmufaom 'l;raxmufa&; tpOftvmudk csK;d azmuf apmfum;jcif;aMumifv
h nf;
aumif;? tqkyd g rJay;yGu
J kd vH;k 0todtrSwrf jyK? w&m;r0if[k ,lqonft
h jyif vH;k 0Iwcf swu
kd zf suaf &;tqd/k
tqdk (3) - ,ckvufSd wuotrIaqmiftzGJUtm;vHk;onf(u) ausmif;om;xk\ taxGaxGjyem rajzSif;Edkifonfhtjyif? (c) vlrdkuf0g'udk ol&Jaumif;qefqef
ausmif;om;avmuodkY ,laqmifvmum wuo\ toa&udk ndK;EGrf;ap zsufqD;aeum? (*) ausmif;om;xk
tmPmudk tmPmydkifwdkYxH 0uGuf xdk;tyfaeNyD;? (C) vlY,Ofaus;rI w&yfvkH;udkyif zsufqD;aejcif;aMumifh?
335
vufdS wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ onf rdru
d ,
kd u
f kd dak oaomtm;jzifh vnf;aumif;? wuo\ usq;kH aeaom
toa&udk q,f,laomtm;jzifh vnf;aumif;? ,aeYrSp (3) &uftwGif; trIaqmifwzGJUvHk; EkwfxGufay;&ef/
tqdk (4) - tqdyk g ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;rS csrSwcf ahJ om txufyg vkyif ef;aqmifwmrsm;ESihf aemufqufwJG
aG;aumufyGJwdkifonftxd? vkyfief;rsm;udk tNyD;wdkif atmifjrifonftxd aqmifGuf&ef tmPmtjynfhtpHkESifh
wdk;csJUEdkifcGifSdonfh ta&;ay:tvkyfaumfrwD (Action Committee) zGJUpnf;cefYtyfa&;tqdkwdkY jzpfonf/
tqdktrSwf (4) t& ta&;ay: tvkyfaumfrwDtm; atmufygtzGJU0ifrsm;jzifh cefYtyfcJhonf/
(1) udkpdk;odef;
(2) udkaZmf0if; (aemif 0efxrf;aG;cs,f TefcsKyf)
(3) udkcifvS (aemif A[dkw&m;Hk;aSUae)
(4) udkcifarmifjrifh
(5) udkpdk;rif; wdkYjzpfonf/
&Jabmfw-hkd
igwdkYtm;vHk; wuoudk vlrdkufrsm;vufrS u,fwif&ef igwdkYtm;vHk; toa& jyefvnf q,fwif&ef?
igwdkYtm;vHk;\ aSUvHkjcHKrItwGuf igwdkY twwfEdkifqHk;aom tm;udkay;um ulnDyl;aygif; aqmifGufMuukeftHh/
vlrdkuf0g' wdkufzsufMu
ausmif;om;ta&; atmif&rnf
ta&;ay:tvkyfaumfrwD
&efukefwuodkvf
vufoD;xkd; oHwkwfkduf udpudk (2) zuf pvHk;rS tjyeftvSef pGyfpGJrIrsm;jzifh ausmif;om;xkudk Sif;vif;
Muonf/ trJuGufonf zsuf&rnf r[kwf/ uGefjrLepftEG,f ausmif;om;xkrsm; tjrwfxkwf oGm;rnfudk (2) zuf
pvH;k rS pd;k &drMf uonf/ wuov
kd t
f mPmydik rf sm;uvnf; rnfoUl ya,m*ygonf rod? vufdS wuotrIaqmif rjyKwfus
a&;udk usm;uefay;&ef pDpOfonf/
&efukefwuodkvf 'k-t"dywdjzpfaom a'gufwmat;armifonf wuotrIaqmifrsm;twGuf (Recall
Voting) ac: qEcH,lyGJ jyKvkyfay;&ef BudK;pm;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ausmif;om;xktwGif; tcGifhtmPm ydkifqdkifrI
udk 0ifa&muf pGufzufjcif;[k oabmxm;onf/
aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefNyD;aemuf Action Committee taeESifh ausmif;om;xkudk,fpm; tqdkygudpESifh
ywfouf Sif;jy&ef &efukefwuodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; a'gufwmxifatmifudk awGUqHk&ef BudK;pm;cJhonf/ if;rSd
rawGUcJh&ay/ odkYaomf naeydkif;wGif a'gufwmxifatmifu udkpdk;odef;tm; pmwapmifay; um;jzifhvdkufcJh&ef ac:cJh
onf/ pmrSmFROM THE ADMINSTRATOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF RANGOON
RANGOON UNIVERSITY POST OFFICE
RANGOON, BURMA
17th, Nov: 1950
Maung Soe Thein

Action Committee
54, Thaton Hall.
Dear Maung Soe Thein,
I can see you this evening at 8 p.m (or) tomorrow (Saturday) morning at 8:00 a.m. I am sorry
I had a metting in town the whole of this afternoon and another meeting again tomorrow at 9 a.m.
I have inform the vice-chancellor what the request of your Committee, and he be pleased to
see you tomorrow Saturday afternoon at 1:00 p.m in the Council Room, University College Building.
Htin Aung
336

udpk ;kd ode;f onf udn
k n
D ?D udpk ;kd rif;wdYk tm; ac:,l a'gufwmxifatmif tdro
f Ykd oGm;a&mufco
hJ nf/ a'gufwm
xifatmiftm; aumfrwDoabmxm;udk Sif;jyNyD; qEcH,lyGJ Recall Voting udk oabmrwlaMumif; ajymonf/
q&mxifatmifu wuodkvf 'k-t"dywdtaejzifh wuo trIaqmifrsm; Recall Voting twGuf wm0efay;xm;
olrsm;udk Action Committe taeESifh awGU&ef pDpOfxm;ygaMumif;? 'k-t"dywd pDpOfxm;onfhtwdkif; tqdkyg
rsufESmpHknD tpnf;ta0;odkY qufquf wufa&mufyg&ef arwm&yfcHonf/ a'gufwmxifatmifu if;taejzifh
bmqE? bmoabmxm; xifjrifcsufrS ray;yg/
18? 11? 50 &ufaeY bGJUESif;obifcef;r taqmuftODSd wuodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;cef;r rsufESmpHknD
tpnf;ta0; usif;y&m wuo trIaqmif (2) zGJUu 'k-t"dywd pDpOfcsufudk vufcHonf/ udkpdk;odef; OD;aqmifaom
Action Committe u tqdkyg tpDtpOfudk vufrcHaMumif;? ausmif;om;xkqE oabmxm;ESifh ausmif;om;xk
tpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsufudk Sif;jyavonf/
'k-t"dywd a'gufwmat;armifu ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;udk ausmif;om; b,fEpS af ,muf wufa&muf
cJhovJ? wuodkvfSd ausmif;om;w0uf rausmfvQif ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;[k ac:qdkEdkifrvm;[k tay:pD;rS
apmfum;? armfum; ajymvmonf/ udkpdk;odef;wdkYu acgif;iHkrcHbJ jyefvnf ajymqkdcJhonf/ tpnf;ta0; wif;rmvmNyD;
ndEdIif;rIr&bJ NyD;qHk;oGm;onf/
a'gufwm xifatmif? OD;ausmf&if (aemif ygarmucsKyf ref;0dZmESifh odyHwuodkvf) wdkYonf bmrS 0ifa&muf
rajymqdkcJhay/ tajctae rjywfrom;jzpfae wuo txl;tpnf;ta0; (Special Business Metting) udk
ac:ay;&ef wuo pnf;rsOf;ESifhtnD Action Committee rS awmif;qdkcJhonf/ omreftm;jzifh ausmif;om;xk
tpnf;ta0;udk wESpfwBudrfom usif;ycJhonf/ wuo trIaqmiftzGJUonf rvGefqefEdkifawmhbJ ac:ay;cJh&onf/
(C) wuo trIaqmifwzGUJ vH;k jyKwu

f sjcif;
wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ rS qkd ,
S v
f pf ygwDtEG,rf sm;u Action Committee rS awmif;qdck suft& tpnf;
ta0; yxrydik ;f wGif Ekwx
f u
G jf cif; rjyKcJah y/ aemufyikd ;f rSom aqG;aEG;&if; t,kt
H MunfrSd tqdjk zifh jzKwfcs cH&rnfp;kd
qdkS,fvpfygwD tEG,ftrIaqmifrsm; wzGJUvkH; EkwfxGufoGm;onf/
oefYSif;tEG,frsm; EkwfxGufpm rwifMuay/ tkyfpk (2) pkpvkH;rS t,kHtMunfrSdwifaom tqdkudk Action
Committee rS (2) zuf pvHk;udk axmufcHrJ ay;cJhonf/ tajzrSm wuo trIaqmifwzGJUvHk; jyKwfusoGm;avonf/
wuoudk jyefvnf *kPfqnfEdkifcJhayonf/ wuodkvf 'k-t"dywd tpDtpOf tvkdtavsmuf ysufoGm;onf/
(i) wuo aG;aumufyt

JG opf jyKvyk jf cif; (1950)
wuo trIaqmifwzGUJ vH;k jyKwfusoGm;NyD;aemuf 'kw,
d ESp0f ufwiG f wuopnf;rsOf;ESihf tnD aG;aumufyJG
topfxyfrH jyKvkyfcJhonf/
oefhSif;tkyfpkrS1/ udkudkav;
Ou|
(aemif pnfyifom,m)
2/ udkcifarmifjrifh
'k-Ou|
3/ udkjrifhxGef;
aiGxdef;
4/ udkpdefbef;
5/ udkvSodef;
wGJzuf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
6/ udkwif0if;
jyefMum;a&;|me twGif;a&;rSL;
7/ udkodef;atmif
vlxkqufqHa&;ESifh ynma&;|me twGif;a&;rSL;
8/ udka&mbwfqGefcg;
wuodkvftcsif;csif;ESifh EdkifiHjcm; qufoG,fa&;rSL;
9/ udktkef;cdkif
aygif;oif;qufqHa&;ESifh jynfolYvkyfief; twGif;a&;rSL;
10/ udkwifxGef;
tdk;a0r*Zif; wm0efcH
11/ udkwif0if;
pmMunfhwkdufrSL;
337
xdktcsdeftxd qdkS,fvpfygwDtEG,frsm;ESifh uGefjrLepftEG,frsm;onf tiftm;pktrnfudk cH,ljcif;rSd?
ygwDEikd if aH &; qefYusifol ausmif;om;rsm;uom ]oefh iS ;f aomausmif;om;tiftm;pk} trnfukd pwifo;kH cJjh cif; jzpfonf/
aemufyikd ;f wGirf o
S m uGejf rLepftEG,?f qdk ,
S v
f pfygwDtEG,rf S cGx
J u
G o
f rl sm;u tjcm;wk;d wufaom Edik if aH &;
tawG;tac:? t,ltqvufcHolrsm;ESifh aygif; wuo aG;aumufyGJrsm;wGif ]wd;k wufaomtiftm;pk} [k trnfcH
,lavonf/ qdkS,fvpfygwDtEG,frS cGJxGufvmolrsm;onf udk&D;,m;ppfudk taMumif;jyK ygwDtwGif;uGJum tvkyf
orm;? v,form;ygwD (qdk ,
S ef )D ay:vmNyD;aemuf xdyk gwDtEG,rf sm;udk qdv
k ykd gonf/ rlvu qdk ,
S v
f pfygwDtEG,f
rsm;rSm wuo vufoD;xkd;? oHwkwfdkuf jyemay:NyD;aemuf xkdygwDtEG,frsm;udk qdkvdkygonf/ rlvu qdkS,fvpf
ygwD tEG,frsm;rSm wuo vufoD;xkd;? oHwkwfdkuf jyemay:cJh vnf;aumif;? if;wdkYxJu cGJxGufoGm;olrsm;
Sd vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;xkMum;wGif emrnfysufvm vnf;aumif;? if;wdkY OD;aqmifrI wdrfjrKyfoGm;onf/
(p) Auo jyefvnfzUJG pnf;a&; pnf;H;k a&;aumfrwD

Auoonf ausmif;om;xkESifh tquftoG,fjywfNyD; Ou|? twGif;a&rSL;ESifh trIaqmifwcsKdUrSm txdef;
odrf;cH&onf/ tcsKdUrSm rvGJraSmifom awmxJa&mufoGm;onf/ tcsKdUrSm jyif;xefaom vIyfSm;rItwGif; awGa0um
xkdifoGm;olrsm;vnf;Sdonf/ AuotrIaqmifrsm;onf wdkufyGJ\ rkefwdkif;Mum;wGif zdkz&Jjzpfaeonf/ tajccHynm
ausmif;om;rsm;or*ukd pHepfwus vIyf mS ;&ef tajctae ray;awmhacs/ xdt
k csed t
f xd ausmif;om;or* zGUJ pnf;jcif;udk
wm;jrpfyw
d yf ifjcif; rSad o; Edik if w
H 0Sr;f ausmif;rsm;wGif tpOftvmt& rdrw
d Ykd todpw
d jf zifh ausmif;om;or*rsm;udk
zGUJ pnf; vIyf mS ;vsufo
dS nf/ &uoonf wjynfv;kH twdik ;f twmjzihf OD;aqmif&ef rvG,
f AuojyefvnfzUJG pnf;&ef
BudK;yrf;cJhMuonf/
udkpdk;odef; OD;aqmifaom &uotrIaqmifrsm;onf e,frSqufoG,f pnf;Hk;Edkifaom ausmif;om;or*rsm;
udk zdwfMum;NyD; aTwd*Hk tv,fyp,H? ajrmufbufwefaqmif; teD;Sd Z&yfwaqmifwGif Auo jyefvnf zGJUpnf;a&;
Oya'twGi;f ausmif;om;rsm; vIyf mS ;pnf;H;k a&;twGuf aqG;aEG;yGjJ yKvkycf o
hJ nf/ xm;0,fausmif;om;or* udpk ed 0f if;
ESifh o&ufausmif;om;or*rS udkaZmf0if; (aemif ynma&;okawoeAsLdk) wkdY wufa&mufcJhMuonf/
xkdtpnf;ta0;rS xdef;odrf;cH&NyD; jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmaom ,cif Auo trIaqmifESifh &uo Ou|
a[mif; udknDnD (vif;,kefeD) udk Ou|tjzpf wm0efay; AuojyefvnfzGJUpnf;a&;? pnf;Hk;a&;aumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;cJh
onf/
xkpd Ofu ausmif;om;tkypf rk sm;rS wd;k wufaom pmayrsm;udk avhvmcJo
h rl sm;rSm tvHeu
D eG jf rLepfygwD tEG,?f
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD tEG,f? qdkS,fvpfygwD tEG,f? rnfonfhygwDtEG,frS r[kwfaom wdk;wufaom EdkifiHa&;
tawG;tac: t,ltqudk vufco
H nfh rsKd;cspfausmif;om;rsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/ jynfoYl &aJ bmf tEG,[
f
l wuov
kd f
wGif xifxifmS ;Sm; tkypf k rScd ahJ y/ aemufyikd ;f wGif vuf0t
J iftm;pkrsm; NydKuGrJ aI Mumifh ygwDEikd if aH &;udk qefYusifo[
l
l
]]oefYSif;aom tkyfpk}} ay:vmonf/
txufygtkyfpkrsm;onf wuoaG;aumufyGJ0if&mwGif yxrydkif; tkyfpktEG,ftrnfudk cH,ljcif;rSd/
ppfNyD;pu tcsKUd taqmif rdrt
d cef;0wGif Oyrm- (tvHeMD unfvif) [laom qdik ;f bkwf csw
d cf jhJ cif;rsm;So
d nf/ aemufyikd ;f
wGif rSdawmhay/ wuo aG;aumufyGJ yk*dKvfcsif;,SOfNydKifonfh tajccHrsKd;jzifhom 0ifa&muf taG;cH&onf/ rdrdwdkY
,HkMunfaomt,ltqrsm;udk tajccH ausmif;om;xkodkY vkyfief;pOfcsjyNyD; Sif;vif;a[majym rJqG,fMuonf/
a&mifpHktrIaqmif tzGJUrsKd;jzpfonf/
(q) ud&k ;D ,m;ppfyEJG iS hf wuov

kd af usmif;om;tiftm;pktay: *,ufu
kd rf ?I wd;k wuftiftm;pk ay:vmjcif;
1950 ud&k ;D ,m;uRef;qG,f awmifEiS hf ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m; ppfjzpfavonf/ xkpd pfyEJG iS hf ywfouf ajrmufu&kd ;D
,m;tm; usL;ausmfol[k ukvor* qHk;jzwfcsufudk xkdtcsdef tpdk;&u axmufcHcJhonf/ xkdokdY axmufcHrIaMumifh
qdkS,fvpfygwDwGif tuGJtjyJ jzpfoGm;onf/ xdktcsdef wuo oefYSif;ausmif;om;rsm; OD;aqmifrI&aeonf/
qdkS,fvpfygwD tEG,frsm; OD;aqmifrI usqHk;aeonf/ uGefjrLepftEG,frsm;? tvkyform; v,form;ygwD (qdkS,feD)
rS tEG,frsm;? tjcm;wOD;csif; wdk;wufaom EdkifiHa&;tawG;tac:udk ,lqvufcHonfh EdkifiHa&; pdwf0ifpm;aom
ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh vufwGJum ]wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pk} trnfcH zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ if;338

udkwifndK
udkMunfvif
udkjroef;
udkarmifarmifausmf
udkxGef;vdIif
udkeef;a0
udkcifvS
udkGefYa0
udknDnD
(aemif jzL;qufoG,fa&;OD;pD;rSL;)
(aemif pma&;q&mMunfvif)
(aemif pma&;q&mjroef;wifh)
(aemif a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf)
(aemif ajrpm&if;)
(aemif yef;csDOD;eef;a0)
(aemif OD;aqmifTefrSL;? touftmrcH)
(aemif a'gufwmnDnD? owKwGif;0efBuD;) wdkYjzpfonf/
aemufydkif;wGif qufvuf OD;aqmifcJholrsm;rSmudkbaumif;

udkvS0if;
udkatmifoef;
udkodef;atmif
udk,k
udkausmfNidrf; wdkYjzpfonf/
tmPm& tzGJUtpnf;u vnf;aumif;? oefYSif;aomausmif;om;rsm;u vnf;aumif;? yk*v
duydkif owif;
pmtcsKdUu vnf;aumif;? wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pkudk ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD? tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwD?
qdkS,feDrS tEG,frsm;aygif; OD;aqmifaom tiftm;pk[k owfrSwfyHk&onf/
xdt
k csdef ausmif;om;xktzdYk rnfonfyh gwD tEG,q
f jkd cif;rSm t"dur[kwaf y/ oefYiS ;f aom ausmif;om;rsm;
ygwDEdkifiHa&; qefYusifa&;[laom a<u;aMumfoHonf ausmif;om;xktay: vTrf;rdk;Edkifjcif; rSd? ausmif;om;xkbufu
&J&J0ifh0ifh &yfwnfum ausmif;om;ta&;udk wu,fOD;aqmif vIyfSm;jcif;jyK? rjyKay:wGif tuJjzwf axmufcHMu
onf/ xkdYaMumifh tajctaet& tiftm;BuD;rm;cJhaom wkd;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pk\ OD;aqmifrIonf
wpwp wdk;wufNyD; aemufydkif;wGif ausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk; tm;ay;axmufcHrI &cJhonf/
Stop! Ye Koreans, Yet there is hope

Hear me not the cannons boom,
Driving Koreans to their doom?
See me not the airplanes dive,
Strafing the innocent their lives deprive?
Smell me not the bloody scent
Of blood stained bodies, bullets rent?
Feel me not that fear in heart,
And think that war is where fools take part?
Hate me not this bloody battle,
Where rumbling tanks and machine-guns rattle?
Killing each other, obeying the "isms"
Fighting with joy and dying in rhythms.
Stop! Ye Koreans, yet there is hope
Of saving your skins from atomic dope;
Help! Ye Nations, stop this war!
For sake of peace and for love of law.
339
(Z) wuo tvkyt

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340

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341
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342

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10% avQmhygonf/
2/ rD;&xm;XmerS ausmif;om;rsm;tm; w0ufEIef; avQmh,lygonf/
3/ a&vrf;bufqdkif&m I.W.T rS ausmif;ydwf&uf (3) &ufxuf ausmfvGefaom tcsdefwGif a&vrf; oGm;
vmaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; txl;EIef;ESifh ay;ygonf/
jynfwiG ;f t&yf&yf oGm;vmrI cufcaJ om ae&ma'orsm;odYk jyefonfh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; or*rS txl;pDpOf
ay;cJhygonf/
4/ jyefMum;a&;Xme
t"du atmifjrifrItjzpf oefYSif;aom0g'ESifh vrf;pOfudk (9? 2? 51) &ufaeYwGif twdtvif; xkwfjyef
aMunmcJhygonf/ rSefuefaom oabmw&m; &mEIef;jynfh0aeaom or*\ 0g'ESifh vrf;pOfudk jyefMum;a&;Xmeonf
tcgtcGifhoifhwdkif; xkwfazmfaMunmjcif;? owif;pmyg ausmif;om;ta&;ESihf ywfoufaom uGJvGJonfh,lqcsufrsm;?
ausmif;wGi;f ausmif;jyif tajctae t&yf&yfukd tcgtcGit
hf vdu
k f xkwjf yefaMunmcJo
h nf/ xdUk jyif jynfoYl todtrSwf
jyKaeY yGJawmfrsm;? ausmif;om; todrSwfjyKaeU yGJawmfrsm; or*\ oabmxm;udk wnfhrwfpGm xkwfjyefcJhonf/
5/ pmMunfUyd#duwfwdkufXme
or*pmMunfw
h u
kd Xf metwGuf pmtkyrf sm;udk urmvH;k qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;tzGUJ csKyfEiS hf tjcm;Edik if jH cm;oH;kH
rsm;rS tultnDtjzpf vufcH&Sd or*pmMunfhwdkufcef; aumif;pGmxm;Sdygonf/
6/ r*Zif;XmetpD&ifcHpm
1950-51 ckESpf trIaqmiftajymif;tvJaMumifh yxrydkif;wGif r*Zif;Xme wm0efcHtzGJU aqmifGufaom
vkyfief;rsm; teuf tdk;a0r*Zif; rxkwfa0EdkifcJhaom tdk;a0wm0efcH\ BudK;pm;rIaMumifh wESpfrQ tcsdef,l aqmifGuf&
aom udpudk (2) v twGif; tdk;a0 tcsdefrD wGefusL;EdkifcJh\/
7/ b@ma&;XmetpD&ifcHpm
trIaqmifa[mif;rsm;xHrS 1950 ckEpS f 'DZifbmvwGif aiG 465d-5yJ vTaJ y;&NyD; vpOf 0ifaiGtjzpf qdik v
f crsm;
rS 2927d-8yJ? ,cktxd0if aiGSdaeygonf/ if;wdkYteuf tmZmenfaeY? AdkvfcsKyfaeY? ausmif;om;rsm; psmyeudprsm;
wGiv
f nf;aumif;? H;k oH;k ypn;f rsm;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;ausmif;om; ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;\ {nfch yH rJG sm; vnf;aumif;? acRwmoH;k
pGJ ,ckvufusef 202d-12yJ Sdygonf/ ESpftqufqufu wifSdvmaom wuodkvfaumifpDESifh wuodkvfor*ay:
wGif wifSdaom vQyfppf"gwftm;cESifh a&caiGrsm;udk aumifpDrS avsmfay;NyD;aemuf vQyfppftm;ESifh a&cudk vpOfrSefrSef
ay;&onf/
taxGaxGqdkif&m tpD&ifcHpm
or*\ txufygXme (7) ckrSwyg; tjcm;rJhaom vkyfief;aqmifGufcsufrsm;udk twGif;a&;rSL;ESifh wGJzuf
twGif;a&;rSL;\ taxGaxGqdkif&mXme tpD&ifcHpm xnfhoGif; tpD&ifcHygonf/
ausmifom;or*? tvkyftrIaqmifopf aG;aumufwifajrmufNyD;aemuf Oya'tMuHay;t&mSdtjzpf 0wfvHk
343
awmf& OD;jrifhtm; vnf;aumif;? pm&if;ppftjzpf OD;oef;wltm; vnf;aumif;? aumifpD0ifvlBuD;rsm;tjzpf OD;ydkif
(tdkifpDtufpf tNidrf;pm;) ESifh OD;at;armif (bDtufpfpD? bDt,fvf) tm; aG;aumufwifajrmufcJhonf/ or*toif;
wdu
k t
f m; Munfh aI pmifah Smufot
l jzpf OD;uHoed ;f tm; qufvuf cefYxm;ygonf/ or*toif; rif;aptjzpf udv
k aS usmf
tm; cefYxm;ygonf/ wHjrufvSnf; ukvm;tm; qufvufxm;Sdygonf/ or*qHyifSyfqdkif? pmtkyfqdkifESihf pm;awmf
qufrsm;udk ,cifESpfrsm; EIef;twdkif;yif qufvuf xm;Sdygonf/
or*tzGJU\ OD;a&rSm qufvufwdk;wufcJh&m1948-49 wGif (1400) Sd?
1949-50 wGif (1000) txd usqif;oGm;aomfvnf;?
,ckESpf 1950-51 wGif (1947) a,muftxd wdk;wufvmygonf/
taysmfwrf;wyfzGJUudkvnf; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;&ef BudK;pm;cJh&m oufqdkif&mXmeodkY taMumif;Mum;cJhonf/
bDtdkbmbm AdkvfrSL; (tjrJwrf;twGif;0ef udk,fpm; pm&if;ppfHk;) rS rwfv (29) &uf 1951 ckESpf jyefMum;pm&SdNyD;
]wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*\ vdkvm;csufudk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u todtrSwfjyKygonf/ xdkufoifUovdk ta&;,l
aqmifGufoGm;ygrnf/} [k a&;om;ygSdaMumif; tpD&ifcHygonf/
ausmif;ESihf ywfouf oufqikd &f mtzGUJ wdYk \ vdv
k m;csufrsm;vnf; or*\ aqmifu
G f atmifjrifcsufrsm;
udk 0rf;ajrmufpGm tpD&ifcHygrnf/
(1) ygVdtoif;\ ]vlrsKd;jcm;ygarmu cefhxm;a&;} wdkufyGJ or*rS tifwdkuftm;wdkuf ulnDcJhonf/
ygVdtoif;\ vdkvm;csufrsm;rSmvnf; atmifjrifNyD;ajrmufcJhygonf/
(2) 1950-51 ck? Oya'ausmif;om;toif;\ ]wESpf (2) Burd f pmar;yGu
J si;f ya&;} awmif;qdck surf sm;udv
k nf;
vufcH or*rS axmufcHaqmifGuf ay;aeygonf/
(3) ]tif;0ausmif;aqmif o[m&ESihf pmzwftoif; awmif;qdck su}f ausmif;aqmif tpm;taomufrefae*sm
ESifh 'k-refae*smwdkYtm; tif;0ausmif;aqmifrS tjrefqHk; ajymif;aTUay;&efudkvnf; or*rS vufcHta&;,l aqmifGuf
&m tmPmydkifrsm;xHrS 21? 7? 51 &ufaeY jyefMum;pmt& xdkudp atmifjrifNyD;ajrmufcJhygonf/
(4) Nrdwfcdkifausmif;om;rsm;or*rS wuodkvf0ifpmar;yGJ (74) a,muf0ifa&muf ajzqkd&m (1) a,muf
wnf; atmifonfh udpESifh ywfouf or*rS ta&;,laqmifGufvsuf Sdygonf/
(5) 1951 ckESpf? rwfvtwGuf taqmifc ray;aom wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJajzqdkcGifh
vufrSwf xkwfay;&ef? tmPmydkifrsm;xH ta&;qdkcJh&m atmifjrifNyD;jywfcJhygonf/
(6) atmufwdkbm ausmif;ydwf&uf ukefqHk;NyD;aemuf 'k-ESpf0ufrS ausmif;0ifvmaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm;
yxr ESpf0uftwGuf ausmif;vcaiG (60d^) udk rawmif;qdk&ef tmPmydkifrsm;xH ta&;qdk&m 24? 1? 51 &ufaeY
jyefMum;pmt& atmifjrifNyD;jywfcJhygonf/
(7) aq;aumvdyf ausmif;olrsm;tm; T.T.C ESifh bifwefausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ae&mxkdifcif; vHkavmufpGm
&Sd&ef tmPmydkifrsm;xH awmif;qdk&m vdkvm;csufrsm; vHk;0atmifjrifcJhygonf/
(8) 1951 ckESpf? ZGefv pmar;yGJatmifpm&if;udk apmifhqdkif;vsufSdaom abmf'g ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf
1951 ckESpf? ZlvdkifvtwGuf ausmif;aqmifESifh xrif;cudk w0ufc avQmh,l&ef tmPmydkifrsm;xH or*rS awmif;qdk&m
atmifjrifNyD;jywf cJhygonf/
(9) wuodkvfor* ,ciftrIaqmifrsm; vufxufu usefSdcJhaom
rD;c 1714d-14 yJ
a&c 260dy&dabm* 310daygif; 2284d-14 yJ udk ausmif;om;aumifpDvlBuD;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsuft& tmPmydkifrsm;xHrS vdkufavsm
ausat;csufudk vufcH&Sdygonf/
(10) tcvGwf ynmoifMum;a&;pDrHudef;udk tpdk;&rS wdvif;pGm xkwfjyefaMunmNyD;onfhaemuf tpkd;&cefY
twGi;f 0ef (20) OD;? aumifpv
D Bl uD; (10) OD;wdYk EiS fh wGzJ uf aqmifu
G &f ef or* Ou|? twGi;f a&;rSL;ESihf ausmif;aumifpD
vlBuD;wOD; aygif; (3) OD;wdkYu aqmifGufaeygonf/
xdkaumfrwDtzGJUwGif344

(1) or*pmMunfhwdkufpmtkyfESihf y&dabm*twGufaiG 10000d^(2) *wfpwifemESihf t*Fvdyfjrefrm vufESdyfpuftwGufaiG 5000d^(3) or*taqmuftODwdk;csJU&m vdktyfonfh "gwftm;ud&d,mtwGufaiG 7000d^(4) or*taqmuftODtm; y&dowf (1000) 0ifEdkif&ef wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfvdkojzifh - 415000d^437000d^(5) pmtkyf (6) or*aemuf (5) ESpftwGuf pmyHkESdyfpuf (5) vHk;ESifh pmvHk;rsm;twGufaiG -
15000d^45000d^600000d^-
-wdkY awmif;qdkcJh&m 1? 2? 3? 4 rSm vufiif; vdkvm;csuf 5? 6 rSm tem*wf vdkvm;csuftjzpf awmif;qdk&m

vufiif; vdv
k m;csufaiG 50000d^- rwnfaiGtjzpf &Scd yhJ gonf/ or*w;kd csJUa&;ESihf or* pmyHEk ydS pf uf wnfaxmif&ef
twGurf l vufiif;vdv
k m;csut
f aeESihf xnfo
h iG ;f pOf;pm;onfxuf tem*wfvv
kd m;csuf xnfo
h iG ;f pOf;pm; vdu
k af vsm
ygrnf[k uwd0efcHcsuf &SdcJhygonf/
(12) 1951 ckEpS ?f Zlvikd v
f (4) &ufaeU wuov
kd q
f ;D edwt
f zGUJ qH;k jzwfcsufEiS fh Zlvikd v
f (14) &uf aumifpD
tpnf;ta0; twnfjyKcsuft& tcsuf (9) csufygaom pDrHudef;topfw&yf xkwfjyef&mwGif
(u) pmar;yGJ (3) cgus qufwdkuf ajzNyD; ratmifjrifaom ausmif;om;xkrsm;udk ausmif;xkwfjcif;?
(c) oifwef; (6) v aemufusaeonfh tajctaeSdaejcif;wdkYrSm ausmif;om;tusKd;udk wdkufdkuf xdcdkufae
ojzifh uREkfyfwdkY or*rS 15? 7? 51 &ufaeYwGifvnf;aumif;? 17? 7? 51 &ufaeYwGifvnf;aumif; aMunmcsuf (3) ck
xkwfjyef ausmif;om;xktm; wifjy EdI;aqmfcJhonf/ tmPmydkifrsm;xHvnf; wif;rmpGm ta&;qdkcJhonf/ odkYESihfyif
23? 7? 51 &ufaeYwGif tmPmydkifrsm;xHrS ausat;vdkufavsmcsuf t00udk or*rS aeYcsif;yif aMunmcsuf xkwfjyef
ausmif;om;xktm; wifjyNyD; jzpfygaMumif;/
cifarmifjrifh
('k-Ou|)
w-u-o
345
OD;udu
k akd v;
(1950-51)
jrpfBuD;em;NrdKUwGif arG;zGm;onf/ wuov
kd 0f ifpmar;yGu
J kd 1946 ckEpS w
f iG f rHk mG NrdKUrS atmifjrifc
hJ wuov
kd o
f Ykd
qufvufynmoifMum;onf/ 1948-49 ckEpS Ef iS hf 1949-50 ckEpS rf sm;wGif wuo trIaqmiftjzpf aG;aumuf
wifajrmufjcif;cH& wuotwGi;f a&;r;tjzpf wm0ef,cl o
f iG f wuoOu| jzpfonf/
rlvwef;rS wuov
kd x
f d tcrJyh nma&;pHepfEiS hf yvkyo
f nf/ wuov
kd yf xrESpo
f ifwef;rsm; (Oypmtykid ;f -u
ESihf 0dZm tydik ;f -u) tm; pmar;yGv
J yk af &;ESihf ywfouf y,fzsu&f ef yvkycf o
hJ nf/ aemfa0jynf atmfpvdNk rdKUwGif
usif;yaom urmhwuodkvf0efxrf;tzGJY (World University Service) nDvmcHodkY wufa&mufcJhonf/
OD;udu
k akd v;onf &efuek Nf rdKU jrLeDpyD g,fwiG f jynfoYlqufqaH &; t&mSt
d jzpf Edik if aH wmfwm0efukd ,ck xrf;aqmif
vsufSdonf/
Source: SLORC Press Conference
OD;cifarmifjrifh
346
OD;cifarmifjrif-h {&m0wDwikd ;f ? a';'&JNrKdU ZmwdjzpfNyD;? uG,v

f eG o
f l tqdak usmf udo
k ef;vIid \
f tudjk zpf
onf/ zufqpf*syefqefYusifa&; umvtwGif;u vli,fjzpfaom OD;cifarmifjrifhonf Adkvfae
0if;ESifh ocifpdk;tMum; qufom;tjzpf wm0ef,l aqmifGufcJhonf/
1949 ckESpfwGif &uo trIaqmifwOD;tjzpf wm0ef,laqmifGufcJhonf/ OD;cif
armifjrifhonf 1950-51 'k-Ou|tjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmuf cH&onf/ 1958 ckESpfwGif
tdrfapmifhtpdk;&u zrf;qD;NyD; udk;udk;uRef;odkY tydkYcH&onf/ 1960 ckESpf ausmfrsm;wGif yrnw
acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfum 1963 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmvwGif ]]rdkifw&mNidrf;csrf;a&;c&D;Snf}} csDwuf
qEjyyJGwGif jynfolUaumfrwD0ifESifh vlxkppfaMumif;rsm;\ wyfrSL;csKyftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh qEjyyJGNyD; &uftenf;i,ftMumwGif tzrf;cH&NyD; udk;udk;uRef;odkY 'kwd,tBudrf
ydkYcH&onf/ 1973 ckESpfwGif jyefvGwfonf/ 1978 wGif wwd,tBudrf xyfrHtzrf;cH&NyD; 1980
ckESpfwGif jyefvGwfonf/
1988 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmvwGif jynfolYwdk;wufa&;ygwDudk zJGUpnf;NyD; Ou|tjzpf
wm0ef,lcJhonf/ 1988 ckESpfESifh 1989 ckESpfrsm;twGif; ppftmPmSifpepf qefYusifa&;w&m;rsm;
a[mMum;cJhonf/ 1989 ZGefvwGif jynfolUwdk;wufa&;ygwD A[dktrIaqmiftzJGUwckvHk;udk
zrf;qD;&m OD;cifarmifjrifhyg pwkwtBudrf tzrf;cH&onf/ 1989 ck? Edk0ifbm (6) &ufaeYwGif
axmif'PftESpf (20) csrSwfjcif;cH&onf/ 1993 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dvv,favmufwGif
0rf;udkufa&m*g cHpm;&NyD; tif;pdefaxmiftwGif;yif touf (63) ESpfwGif uG,fvGefonf/ olemr
usef; jzpfaecsdefwGif tmPmydkifrsm;u aq;0g;ukoay;&ef jiif;y,fjcif;cHcJh&onf/
rqvtpdk;&rS ay;aom EdkifiH*kPf&nfbJGUudk vufcH&efjiif;y,fcJhonf/
(tusOf;axmifxJrS tmZmenfrsm;? {&m0wDpmtkyfwdkuf? 1999? pm-26/ ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD\
EdkifiHawmftmPmodrf;a&;vIyfSm;rIrsm;? 1989? pm-77)
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif
tcef; (14)
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; vlUtcGifhta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsKd ;om;a&;toGif
(1951 rS 1952)
(u) Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf ay:ayguv

f mjcif; (1951-52)
1951-52 ckESpf tpydkif;wGif ausmif;om;avmu t"dutiftm;pkrSm oefYSif;ESifh wdk;wufwdkY jzpfonf/
ausmif;om;wdYk\ yifu,
kd o
f bm0t& zdEydS o
f u
l kd qefYusiv
f jkd cif;? trSew
f &m;udk jrwfE;kd jcif;? tmPm&tzGUJ tpnf;wdYk\
jyKrlaqmifGufcsufrsm;udk rauseyfjcif;? rnfolonf rdrdausmif;om;ta&;udk opmSdSd jywfom;&J0ifhpGm aqmifGufEdkif
rnfhtay: tuJjzwfjcif; ponfwdkYaMumifh wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkudk wpwp ydkrdkaxmufcHvmMuonf/
wdk;wufwdkY\ acgif;aqmifrI wufvmonf/ xdktcsdeftxd &efukefwuodkvfonf tpOftvmESifh taetxm;t&
wjynfvHk;Sdausmif;om;rsm;udk OD;aqmifrI ay;&m ae&mjzpfonf/ &efukefwuodkvfwGif wdk;wuftiftm;pk OD;aqmifrI
jrifrh m;vmonfEiS hf trQrEav;wuov
kd f tygt0if e,fausmif;om;or*rsm;wGif trsm;pkonf wd;k wuftiftm;pk\
acgif;aqmifrIudk vufcHvmMuonf/ wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;pkonf e,for*rsm;udk tawmfav; us,fus,f
jyefYjyefY pnf;Hk;EdkifcJhaom tajctaeSdonf/
xkdtcsdef aTwd*Hkbk&m;? tv,fyp,HSd OD;at;armifZ&yfwGif ausmif;om;nDvmcH usif;yonf/ xdknDvmcH
usif;yaomtcsdefESihf oefYSif;tiftm;pkuvnf; wuotaqmuftODwGif pifNydKifnDvmcH usif;yonf/ rlv Auo
rSmvnf; awmxJa&mufoGm;NyDjzpf vpfvyfoGm;aom ae&mwGif tiftm;pk (2) ck NydKifMujcif; jzpfonf/ Auo (2) ck
ay:aygufrnfh tajctaeonf ausmif;om;xktwGuf aumif;aom vuPm r[kwaf y/ OD;at;armifZ&yfoYkd wufa&muf
aom e,fausmif;om;or*rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,ftcsKdUonf wckwnf;aom nDvmcHjzpfajrmufa&;? wckwnf;aom
Auo jzpfajrmufa&; twGuf BudK;yrf;Muonf/ wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;pkuvnf; wckwnf;aom nDvmcHESifh
wckwnf;aom AuozGUJ a&;udk vdv
k m;onf/ nDvmcHukd acw&yf usif;ycJo
h nf/ e,fausmif;om;or*rsm; BudK;yrf;rI
udk axmufcBH udKqdck o
hJ nf/ oefYiS ;f ESihf wd;k wuf aqG;aEG;&m atmifjrifrI r&cJah y/ odYk wd;k wufausmif;om;tiftm;pk
OD;pD;usif;yaom nDvmcHwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf (A.B.F.S.U) udk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ oefYSif;tiftm;pku BuD;rSL;
Auo (A.B.S.U) udk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ odkYaomf aemufydkif;wGif oefYSif;tiftm;pk\ OD;aqmifrI csdeJY ,drf;,dkifvmjcif;?
347
trSefwu,f ausmif;om;or*udk us,f0ef;pGm pnf;Hk;EdkifrI rSdjcif;? ausmif;om; jyemESifh ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rIudk
xda&mufjywfom;pGm OD;aqmifEdkifrI rSdjcif;wdkYaMumifh oefYSif;wdkY\ (A.B.S.U) rSm wjznf;jznf; vHk;yg;yg;um
wdrfjrKyf aysmufuG,foGm;avonf/
wd;k wufwYkd \ Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfonf e,fausmif;om;or*rsm;udk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY pnf;H;k um xda&muf
pGm OD;aqmifraI y;Edik af om tzGUJ tpnf;jzpfc&hJ m wckwnf;aom Auorsm; tzGUJ csKyftjzpf cdik cf ikd rf mrm &yfwnfEikd cf o
hJ nf/
(c) Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyEf iS hf AuotzGUJ trIaqmifrsm;

A.B.F.S.U & A.B.S.U
(c-1) wdk;wufwdkh\ Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf (A.B.F.S.U) trIaqmifrsm;rSm
udkvS0if;
Ou|
(,cif Auo twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif;)
(TefrSL; tqifhjrifhynmOD;pD;Xme)
udkausmfNidrf;
'k-Ou|
udkwiftHk;
'k-Ou|
udkatmifbef;
udkbaumif;
wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (aemif tajccHynmausmif;om;a&;&m)
udkpdk;odef;
b@ma&;rSL;
udkodef;atmif
aiGxdef;
udkat;oef;
EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;rSL;
(aemif or0efvufaxmuf)
udkrif;vGif
(aemif pma&;q&m armifom&)
udkwifhvGif wdkYjzpfonf/
(c-2) 1951-52 wuotrIaqmiftzGJY
1/ udkpdefbef;
2/ udkOD;armif
3/ udkwifatmif
4/ udkausmfausmf
5/ udkwifarmifxGwf
6/ udkwifxGef;
7/ udkjrifhcdkif
8/ udkcifarmifvwf
9/ udkudkav;
10/ cdkifjrJzdk;csdef
11/ udkvScif
Ou|
'k-Ou|
b@ma&;rSL;
jyefMum;a&;XmetwGif;a&;rSL;
EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmetwGif;a&;rSL;
aygif;oif;qufqHa&;ESifh oufomacsmifcsda&;XmetwGif;a&;rSL;
wuodkvfESifh vlxkynma&;XmetwGif;a&;rSL;
tdk;a0r*Zif;wm0efcH
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
(c-3) oefhSif; AuotrIaqmiftzGJYrsm; (A.B.S.U) 1951-52

1/ udkpdefbef;
Ou|
2/ udkpdefvGif
'k-Ou|
3/ udkcifarmifGefU
b@ma&;rSL;
4/ udk0if;az
5/ udkudkBuD;
6/ udk&JxGwf
EdkifiHjcm;a&;rSL; ("gwfyHkwGif- udkwifatmif[k azmfjyxm;onf/)
7/ udkvSpdk;vGif
8/ udkpdef0if;
PAvESifh pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
348

9/ udkjrifhodef;
10/ udkatmifausmfjrifh
11/ udkjrifhaqG
12/ udkcspfaqG
13/ udkpHarmif
14/ udkjrifhodef;
Source: Aung Tun Original Copy
jyefMum;a&;rSL;
um,AvrSL;
wGJzuf um,AvrSL;
&JacgifXmerSL;
wGJzuf &JacgifXmerSL;
wGJzuf vufaxmuftwGif;a&;rSL;
oefhSif; AuotrIaqmiftzJGY (1951-52)
aSYwef;- udkjrifhodef; udkcifarmifGefh udkpdefvGif

(jyefMum;a&;rSL;) (b@ma&;rSL;) ('k-Ou|)
udkpdefbef;
udk0if;az
ukdudkBuD;
udkwifatmif
(Ou|) (taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;) (wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;) (EdkifiHjcm;qufqHa&;)
Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfonf trIaqmiftzGUJ tjyif trIaqmiftoD;oD;u vkyif ef;tvdu

k f OD;aqmifaom AsLdrk sm;
xm;Sdonf/ wdk;wufwdkY OD;pD;usif;yaom AuonDvmcHwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf pnf;rsOf;udk wifjy twnfjyKonf/
xkdpnf;rsOf;udk tajccH Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf zGJUpnf;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/
nDvmcHwGif trsKd;om;a&;? ausmif;om;a&;? urmhNidrf;csrf;a&; ponfwdkYESifh pyfvsOf; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk
wnDwGww
f nf; csrSwEf ikd cf o
hJ nf/ Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfonf ,cif Auorsm;enf;wl urmah usmif;om;or*tzGUJ csKyf
(I.U.S) tzGJU0if jzpfcJhonf/ odkY Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf zGJUpnf;Edkifjcif;jzifh wjynfvHk;Sd ausmif;om;or*rsm;udk
w&m;0if pnf;H;k OD;aqmifa&;twGuf A[dt
k zGUJ tpnf; xlaxmifEidk jf cif;jzpfonf/ wuov
kd ef ,fajrrS pnf;H;k a&;udv
k nf;
tusKd;jyKcJhonf/
(*) Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf vkyaf qmifcsurf mS ;,Gi;f rIrsm; (1951-52)

1951 ckESpfwGif zqyvtpkd;&onf &efukeftpdk;&[k ac:&aom tajctaerS vGwfajrmuf aeNyDjzpfonf/
xkdpOfu tpdk;&udk vufeufudkif wdkufcdkufaeaom tiftm;pkrsm;vnf; NrdKUay:rS xGufajy;aeMuNyD; aus;vufrsm;wGif
MoZmtmPm jyefYvsuf o
dS nf/ odYk aomf NrdKUay:wGif if;wdYk pnf;H;k a&; So
d ifo
h avmuf Sad eavonf/ jynfwiG ;f Nidr;f csr;f
a&; rSdao;bJ jynfwGif;ppf tSdefaumif;qJ jzpfonf/ jynfwGif;ppfESifhtwl zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;vnf; Sdao;onf/
xkdtcsdefumvwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf 'Drdkua&pDa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihf ausmif;om;xkta&; twGuf
wuf<upGm vIyf mS ;vsuf o
dS nf/ urmv
h o
l m;wdYk\ b0vHjk cHKrI Sad p&eftwGuf urmNh idr;f csr;f a&; &S&d ef uset
f iftm;pkrsm;
ESihf vufwJG vIyf mS ;cJah vonf/ tmPm&tpd;k &u Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfukd ajray:ajratmuf twdu
k t
f cHtiftm;pktjzpf
349
oabmxm;cJhonf/ if;wdkYonf Oya'wGif;Sd usefvlwef;pm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; tmPmpuf? kyf0wKESifh tcGifhta&;
rsm;ay;jcif;? oyfvQKdpnf;Hk;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/ odkYaomf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfudk rdrdwdkYqESdovdk zdEdSyfEdkifjcif;?
pnf;Hk; NzdKcGJEdkifjcif; rjyKEdkifyg/ odkYjzifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf wjynfvHk; ausmif;om;or*rsm;udk OD;aqmif
pnf;Hk;vIyfSm;aom wckwnf;aom pifNydKifrSd? NydKifzufrSd w&m;0iftzGJUtpnf; jzpfcJhonf/ xdktzGJUtpnf;onf
&efukefwuodkvfSd wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pk\ OD;aqmifrIudk cH,lcJhayonf/
if;tiftm;pkrSm aSUuazmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; trmcHtkyfpk (3) pkay: tajccHxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ jyem
t&yf&yfudk qdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;odkY rwifjyrD tajccHtkyfpkudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yl;aygif;xm;aom Joint Committee
wGif OD;pGm aqG;aEG;SEd iId ;f onf/ if;wGi&f Sx
d m;aom oabmwlncD suu
f kd qdik &f m tzGUJ tpnf;taeESihf tiftm;pktaeESifh
wm0ef,l taumiftxnfazmf vIyfSm;onf/ tkyfpk taetxm;& taumif;qHk;tkyfpku ta&;BuD;aomae&m Key
Post rsm; &,lci
G hf jdS cif;? OD;a&rsm; ydrk &kd SEd ikd jf cif;So
d nf/ xkYd aMumifh jyemt&yf&yfukd qdik &f mtzGUJ tpnf;\ trIaqmif
wGif wifjy&efxuf OD;aqmifyl;wGJaumfrwDwGif yrmPndEdIif;a&;udk tiftm;enf;aom tkyfpkrsm;u tav;xm;onf/
tBuD;? tvwf? ti,ftkyfpk (3) rsKd;wGif ta&twGuf tenf;qHk; ti,ftkyfpku ydk tav;xm;onf/
odkYjzifh jyemt&yfudk OD;aqmifyl;wGJaumfrwDwGifom dEIdif;tqHk;tjzwf,lNyD; vkyfief;rsm; taumift
xnfazmfaomtcg w&m;0iftzGJUtpnf; trIaqmiftzGJUo@mef arS;rSdefvmonf/ trIaqmiftzGJU tpnf;ta0; xdkif
qHk;jzwfcsuf rcsoavmufjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif EdkifiHa&;todjzifh vnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkYtkyfpk udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ygaom
OD;aqmifyl;wGJaumfrwD\ tqHk;tjzwf cH,l vnf;aumif;? trIaqmiftzGJU\ tcef;u@ aysmufaejcif;udk t"du
rxm;? us&mwm0efudk ,HkMunfcsufjzifh vkyfcJhMuonf/
odYk&mwGif xkv
d yk ef nf;vky[
f efrmS rrSeu
f efyg/ if;tusK;d qufrmS trmcHtyk pf k (3) ckrS &Jabmfrsm; omr[kwb
f J
rdrdESifh vufwGJvkyfaqmifEdkifaom tjcm;&Jabmfrsm;? wdkif;&if;om;rsm;ESifh us,fjyefYaom toGifjzifh zGJUpnf; vIyfSm;
vmaomtcg txufyg vkyef nf;vky[
f efaMumifh w&m;0if trIaqmifypkH H aysmufvmjcif;? rvdv
k m;tyfaom jyemrsm;
awGUMuHK&onf/
(C) Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyEf iS hf jynfwiG ;f Nird ;f csr;f a&;

jynfwGif;ppf\ ted|mHkrsm; csKyfNidrf;ap&ef jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf EdkifiHa&;t& awGUqHkaqG;aEG;
ajzSi;f apvdak om toHrsm; xGuaf y:vmaomtcg zqyvu vufeufuikd f awmfveS w
f u
kd cf u
kd af eaom tiftm;pkrsm;udk
aomif;usef;ol a&mifpHkolykefrsm;[k owfrSwfum vufeufcsNyD; tvif;0if&ef ajymonf/ wzufuvnf; EdkifiHa&;
cH,lcsuf cdkifrmjyif;xefolrsm; jzpfkHomru omreftzGJUtpnf;rsKd; r[kwf vufeufcsum jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;udk
vHk;0vufrcH/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;? GefYaygif;tpdk;&jzpfvdkaom toHrsm; xGufay:vmonf/ wkwfuGefjrLepfygwD\ *syef
zufqpfwdkufcdkufa&;umvwGif csrSwfcJhonfh Nidrf;csrf;a&; GefYaygif;tpdk;&vrf;pOfESifh ywfoufonfhf pmwrf;rsm;
udk tajccHa&;om;xm;aom bmomjyefpmtkyftcsKdU xGufay:vmonf/
jynfwiG ;f ppfukd awGUqHak qG;aEG;jcif;jzifh &yfp&J ef? a<u;aMumforH sm;ESifh vIyf mS ;rItcsKUd Sv
d monf/ xdt
k ajctae
taMumif;t&mrsm; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfodkY *,ufdkufvmonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf ausmif;om;a&;? ynma&;
oufoufwGifom &yfwnfjcif; r[kwfbJ trsKd;om;a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&; paom vlxkta&;twGufyg
&yfwnfonfh tzGJUjzpf *,ufdkufcwfjcif;rSm obm0usygonf/
(i) 1952 td;k a0r*Zif;yg q&mBu;D ocifu,

kd af wmfridI ;f \ uAsm
&efuek w
f uov
kd f td;k a0r*Zif;bJYG av;csK;d Bu;D
(1) taMumif;tusKd;wnf;[laom taumif;tqdk; taxGaxG tcsuftvuf xdkxdkSif;apzdkU? ]a'gif;tdk;a0}
wuodkvf r*Zif;qDodkU? tqufudk ruif;EkdifordkU owif;ydkUvdkufrnf/ ]tdkuG,f} txufe*kd&ft&if;qDu?
rysufrNydK r,Gif;ayordkU? toif;tyif; qdkwJh? tcsif;csif;wdkU pkdufnDvdkU-tvdkuf txdkufnD/
350
tdk;a0r*Zif;bJGYav;csKd;udk wuokdvfusifUxHk;
ed*Hk;csKyfuAsm ]&pemav;csKd;BuD;} vdkYvnf;
trnfay;xm;onf/ av;csKd;BuD;wGif q&mBuD;u
wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm; nDGwfMu&ef
wdkufwGef;xm;onf/ nDGwfrS
Nidrf;csrf;om,mEdkifaMumif; Tefjyonf/ xdkYjyif
e,fcsJUESifh wkwfjzLta&;rSmvnf; pdwfrat;p&m
jzpfaMumif; q&mBuD;u owday;xm;onf/
(vufaG;pifav;csKd;w&m? pm- 348)
jynfwiG ;f Nird ;f csr;f a&;tzJcYG sKyf acgi;f aqmif

ocifu,
kd af wmfridI ;f
(2) aMomf (Logic) avm*sdwfh acwfu,fvdkU? aumvdyftjzpfwGifjzifh? wavmpdwfnpfbG,f- q&mMuHKoeJY?

&wemyHk taemufbuf awmifpOf pudkif;wGifjzifh? armif&ifrdSKif;BuD;- Adkvf0ifcHNyD;? [dkt&if ,ref- toufSdorQ
BudK;rayghvdkU zdkyvifysHrSm t*d,xdk;&mu? trsKd;bmom? kd;&mtwGufudkjzifh? toufaoawmif?
raoGraSmifbl; qdkwJh? xdkwuJhtaumif? tcifwyJh uav;wdkUudkv rif;avmif; rif;vsmawGudk?
xrif;awmif;um auR;cJhwJhtjyif ]aMomf} t,loefoefjzifh? ukvm;jzLESHr[Jh ukvm;jzLESHr[JheJU?
wqlql wnHnHawGudk? tvSLcHvdkUarG;NyD; ]tif;} ukvm;ta&;pbdkY? 'g;aoG;Mu[JheJU?
tmay;um q&mulnDojzifh? jrefrmZAL'D tppfwaumif;qdkwJh acwfwaumif;&JUjyif?
jrifjrifu&mudk? twGifomtkyftkyfNyD;? (Empire) tifyg&m vkyfcsifwJh vlIyfaumif e,fcsJUtaygif;udkjzifh?
a'gif;prkwf wvSJYwnfhatmifaemfuG,f? raumif;tkyf? ukvm;a*gif;jyKwfua&mYvdkU? armif;xkwfcJhNyD/ /
(3) odkYvuGm? tqifrwJhcsifawmh? ]]wdkYArm}} ociftzGJUqDu u MuifwyJh taxGaxGtvDvD/
ta0rnDapwJh? wudefudef tarSmifhrao;? tdkuG,f! at-bD-pD (A.B.C) awG&JU tdrfapmifhacG;/
(4) cufyJcufouGm? SufvJSufp&m? vuf0Jvusfm tjzLteD? vlwSif;wdkUaMumifh . . .

]aMomf} wrdom;csif;awGawmif owdw&m;uif;uif;NyD;? tcsif;csif;yif rnDrGwfrl?
jynfuRwfatmif tNrD;waxmifaxmifESifh . . . wnD;nD;wajymifajymif rD;avmifwdkufoGif;csdefrdkU?
csif;wGif; aus;tnmwcdku? uav;&mZ N*dK[fudkawmif? awG;um tvdkvdkvGrf;rdwJhjyif?
rpGrf;Ekdif romr,m 'kujzifh? Z&m'kAvtG,f GHpbG,feJY? tvGefri,fwJh (77) ESpftwGif;wGif;rS?
uRefacwfpm&if; wzefwcg? jyefuma&mufrvm;vdkU aemufwD;aemufcsm rcefYpGmpdwfu,fESifh?
aMumufvnf;aMumufcg vefYumxdyfrdwJhjyif . . . ]tr,frif;} jrefrmh &efESpfaxGt&dyfayrdkU?
wdwfESifhedrdwfESifh t&m&mawG;awG;NyD;.... aMomf? ArmjrefajyxdyfqdkwJh.....
ArmcsefauSdufwdkYaMumifh pdwfjzifhq&mrat;/ /
ocifudk,fawmfrdSKif; (vufaG;pifav;csKd;w&m? pm- 348)
351
(p)
wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* ESpyf wfvnftpD&ifcpH m (1951-52)
taxGaxGXme
1951-52 ck? &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* trIaqmifaG;aumufyu
JG kd pnf;rsO;f Oya't& (2) Budrf
cGJ usif;ycJhonf/
yxrtBudrf aG;aumufyGJudk 1951 ck? pufwifbmv (11) &ufaeY usif;yjyKvkyfcJh? Ou| udkpdefbef;?
'k-Ou| udkOD;armif? b@ma&;rSL; udkwifatmifwdkYudk aG;aumufwifajrmuf cJhMuayonf/
'kwd,tBudrf aG;aumufyGJudk 1951 ck? pufwifbmv (21) &ufaeY usif;yjyKvkyf udkausmfausmf
(taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;)? udkwifarmifxGwf (wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)? udkwifxGef; (jyefMum;a&;Xme?
twGif;a&;rSL;)? udkjrifhcdkif (EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;Xme? twGif;a&;rSL;)? udkudkav; (wuodkvfESifh vlxkynma&;Xme?
twGif;a&;rSL;)? udkcifarmifvwf (aygif;oif;qufqHa&;ESifh oufomacsmifcsda&;Xme? twGif;a&;rSL;) wdkYudk
aG;aumufwifajrmuf cJhMuygonf/
aG;aumuf wifajrmufjcif;cH&aom trIaqmiftzGJUrSm wuo pnf;rsOf;Oya't& r*Zif;Xme? wm0efcH
pmwnf;tjzpf trfcdkifjrJzdk;csdefESifh pmMunhfwdkufrSL;tjzpf udkvScifwdkYtm; cefYtyfvdkufygonf/
wuo pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESifhtnD zGJUpnf;NyD;ajrmufcJhaom trIaqmiftzGJUonf 1951 ck? pufwifbmv
28 &ufaeYwGif or*taqmuftOD usrf;opmusdefqdk wm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk vufcH aqmifGufcJhygonf/
xdkusrf;opmusdefqdkyGJodkY zdwfMum;csuft& ae;Sif;owif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyf OD;avmHk? jynfolYNidrf;csrf;a&;
tzGJUacgif;aqmif OD;atmifoef;ESifh wuoOu|a[mif; 0efBuD; trfat&mSpfwdkY <ua&muf rdrdwdkY\ tjrifESifh
ausmif;om;wm0efudk a[majymMuonfudk tpD&ifcHpmwGif aus;Zl;wifpGmjzihf rSwfwrf;wif tyfygonf/
1951 ck? ZGefv ausmif;zGifhonfhf tcsdefrSp pmar;yGJpepfopfESifh ywfouf ausmif;om;xk qEt&
ajzSif;ae&ojzifh trIaqmifaG;aumufyGJrSm tenf;i,f aESmifhaES;cJhjcif; jzpfygonf/
atmufwdkbmv ausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; ausmif;aqmifrsm; xrif;rauR;[k ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDu
qHk;jzwfcJhojzifh wuorS ta&;,laqmifGufjcif;aMumifh atmufwdkbmv ausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; xrif;qufvuf
auR;arG;ygonf/
enf;jyq&mwOD;ESihf ausmif;om;wOD; tcsi;f rsm;MuNyD; ausmif;om;tm; ausmif;rS xkwyf pfjcif;jzihf tjypf'Pf
ay;rnfhqJqJwGif wuorS vma&muf&m ausmif;xkwfrnfh udprSm ajyvnf oGm;cJhygonf/
1951 ck? pufwifbmv (20) &ufaeYwGif ausmif;om;tcsKdUtm; ppfom;tcsKdUu &rf;um;jcif;udk wuoodkY
wdkifMum;ojzifh wuorS wuodkvfaumifpDodkY vnf;aumif;? oufqdkif&m ppfHk;csKyfodkY vnf;aumif; ta&;,l&ef
wdkifMum;pmrsm; ay;ydkYcJhygonf/
1951 ck? atmufwb
kd mv (18) &ufaeYwiG f ygupwefEikd if H 0efBuD;csKyf vD,muGwt
f vDcefonf vlrormwdYk
\ vkyfMuHjcif;udk cHcJh&&m wuorS ausmif;om;xkudk,fpm; 0rf;enf;aMumif;o0PfvTmudk ygupweftpdk;& odkY
ay;ydkYcJhygonf/
1951 ck? atmufwdkbmv (29) &ufaeUrS p urmhwuodkvf0efxrf;tzGJU\ taSUtmSwdkufawmifydkif;
nDvmcHudk &efukefwuodkvf usif;yrnfjzpf tdrfonf 0w&m;twdkif; jyifqifrIrsm;udk jyKvkyf&onf/ xkdnDvmcHodkY
tdE,
d ? ygupwef? oD[Vkd ?f ,k;d ',m;? tif'ekd ;D Sm;ESifh rav;Sm;Edik if w
H Ykd rS ygarmursm;ESihf ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;
wufa&mufMuygonf/
ucsif j ynf e ,f w G i f rD ; ab;oif h o jzif h b0wl a usmif ; om;rsm; twd ' k u a &muf a e&m wuorS
rD;ab;&efyHkaiGodkY aiG 50d^- yg0ifvSL'gef;cJhygonf/
Edk0ifbmv aumifpDtpnf;ta0;wGif wuorS awmif;qdkcsuft& wifoGif;qHk;jzwfNyD; ausmif;om;xkxHrS
aumuf,x
l m;aom wuov
kd rf w
S yf w
kH ifaMu;aiG 10d^-? upm;ESifh pmMunfw
h u
kd af Mu;aiG 12d^-ESifh wuov
kd 0f ifaMu;aiG
10d^- pkpkaygif; 32d^- udk ausmif;om;xkodkY jyefvnfay;qyfcJhygonf/
xdkYtjyif ntcgoGm;vmrI vG,ful&eftwGuf t"dywdvrf;udk rD;rsm; xGef;nday;&efudkvnf; wuorS
awmif;qdkonfh twdkif; wyfqifay;cJhygonf/
ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;onf ausmif;wGif aevifhupm; aiGa&; tusyftwnf;jzpf
jcif;? ausmif;p&dwf rwwfEikd jf cif;wdYk ukd wuov
kd rf S tiftm;So
d rQ uln&D ef wuorS awmif;qdo
k nft
h wdik ;f wuov
kd f
352

txl;&efyakH iGrS ausmif;ol? ausmif;om; (12) a,mufwYkd tm; axmufyahH Mu;aiG wv 60d^-usyf xkwaf y;&ef oabmwl
nDygonf/ xdkYaMumifh wuorS atmufwdkbmv (26) &ufaeYwGif avQmufvTmrsm; ac:,lcJhygonf/ odkY&mwGif
oufqdkif&mwdkY\ tvkyfoabmt& ay:aygufcJhaom tcuftcJwdkYaMumifh aiGxkwfay;a&;udpo
nf aESmifhaES;cJh aomf
vnf; ,ckESpf Zlvdkifv twGif;wGif ausmif;ol? ausmif;om; (12) a,mufwdkYtm; wa,mufvQif axmufyHhaMu;aiG
(600) usyf wdwdudk ulnDaxmufyhHcJhNyD; jzpfygonf/ axmufyHhaMu;&xdkufolrsm;tm; aG;cs,f&m wuoonf
atmufygrltwdkif; aG;cs,fcJhygonf/
(1) ynmBudK;pm;rISdjcif;?
(2) aiGtultnD trSefwu,fvdkjcif;?
(3) or*pdwfSdjcif;wdkY jzpfygonf/
trSefpifppf axmufyHhaMu;avQmufol tm;vHk;vdkvdkyif aiGa&;aMu;a&; usyfwnf;rIESihf &ifqdkifvsuf Sdolrsm;
yif jzpfygonf/ xdYk aMumifv
h nf; aG;cs,f&m tcuftcJ awGUScd &hJ ygonf/ rnfoYkd yifjzpfap uREkyf w
f Ykd onf aG;cs,f&m
txufyg rltwdik ;f wOD;ESiw
hf OD; EdiI ;f ,SONf yD; aiGtultnD ydrk v
kd t
kd yfonf[k MuHpnf,q
l &aom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;
(12) a,mufwdkYtm; axmufyhHaMu;aiGrsm;udk xkwfay;cJh&ygonf/
axmufyHhaMu;aiG &Sdolrsm;rSm1/ raMumif0g;
cHkeHygwf - 670
'k-Oypm
2/ r&if&if
cHkeHygwf - 84
y-Oypm
3/ udkvSatmif
cHkeHygwf - 1014
y-Oypm
4/ udkatmifoef;
cHkeHygwf - 978
y-Oypm
5/ udkat;az
cHkeHygwf - 198
'k-Oypm
6/ udkxGef;GefY
cHkeHygwf - 549
y-Oypm
7/ udktkef;az
cHkeHygwf - 966
'k-Oypm
8/ udkBudKifxGef;
cHkeHygwf - 663
y-Oypm
9/ udkwifjrifh
cHkeHygwf - 1106
y-Oypm
10/ udkbwkwf
cHkeHygwf - 161
y-Oypm
11/ udkaomif;wif
cHkeHygwf - 4
'k-Oypm
12/ udkGefYarmif
cHkeHygwf - 581
y-Oypm
wuov
kd f ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vH;k usef;rma&;ppfaq;&efukd wuowckwnf;jzifh aqmifu
G &f ef
cJ,Of;ojzifh wuorS oufqikd &f modYk tultnDawmif;&m ,ckEpS Of ;D rS ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;tm;vH;k wdYk tm; usef;rm
a&;ppfaq;jcif; jyKEdkifcJhygonf/
Edk0ifbmv (23) &ufaeY? trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYudk ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or* (oefYSif;aom
ausmif;om;xk) rS BuD;rSL; bDatat abmvHk;uGif;BuD;wGifusif;y&m wuoonf ausmif;om;rsm; OD;pD;aom
xkdtcrf;tem;odkY tifwdkuftm;wdkuf wufa&mufNyD; yg0ifqifETJcJhonf/
'DZifbmvwGif wuodkvf tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;or*rS rdrdwdkY\ vwfwavm epfemcsufrsm;udk
wuov
kd af umifpo
D Ykd awmif;qd&k m jiif;y,fojzifh qEjyoydwaf rSmufc&hJ m wuorS yxrajcvSr;f taejzifh aMunmcsuf
xkwfjyef xkdqEjyoydwfudk axmufcHcJhygonf/ xkdrSwqifh tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;\ vufwavm epfemcsuf
rsm;udk wuorS wuov
kd af umifpo
D Ykd xyfrH wifjyjyefonf/ 1951 ck? 'DZifbmv (7) &ufaeUwGif wuorS ausmif;om;
xk tpnf;ta0;ac:,l nDaemifrsm;jzpfaom tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;onf w&m;enf;
vrf;usojzifh axmufcHaMumif;jzifh tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;or*\ qEjyoydwfudk axmufcHaom tm;jzifh
wuodkvfausmif;udkvnf; (7) &ufaeUrS (8) &ufaeY? naetxd (2) &ufwdwd qEjy ukPmoydwfarSmuf&ef
qH;k jzwf ygonf/ wuoonf tif*sief ,
D mta&;udk aqmifu
G &f m tif*sief ,
D mausmif;om;rsm;or*\ wcJeufaom
tultnD pnf;vHk;rIudk &Sdojzifh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk auseyfzG,f&m &SdcJhonf/
e,fcsJUwdkYtm; wdkufcdkuf&if;? toufpGefYoGm;Smonfh Adkvfatmifausmf\aeUjzpfaom 'DZifbmv (20) &uf?
ausmif;om;aeYwGif wuo ausmif;om;aeY tcrf;tem; usif;ycJhygonf/
Adkvfatmifausmf\ txdrf;trSwftjzpf Adkvfatmifausmf\ udk,fw0uf opfom;kyfxkonf wuo
taqmuftODaSUwGif ppfrjzpfrDu xifxifSm;Sm; wnfSdcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif ppfab; ppf'PfaMumihf ,dk,Gif;cJh&ay&m
353
,aeUwdkif jyefvnf rwnfaqmufEdkifao;ojzifh udpudk kyfvHk;ay:onftxd wm0ef,l aqmifGuf&ef tjrJwrf;
tzGUJ wckukd Akv
d af tmifausmf txdr;f trSwf &efyakH iGaumfrwD trnfjzihf 'DZifbmv (24) &ufaeYwiG f zGUJ pnf;ay;cJo
h nf/
tzGJU0ifvlBuD;rsm;rSmobmywd
OD;pdefbef;
(wuo? Auo Ou|)
b@ma&;rSL;
OD;ydkif
(tNidrf;pm; tdkifpDtuf 0wfvHkawmf&)
twGif;a&;rSL;
OD;ausmfausmf
(wuo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)
trIaqmifrsm;
OD;apm[ef
(tNidrf;pm; tdkif-pD-tuf)
0efBuD; trfat &m&Spf
(wuoOu|a[mif;)
OD;omxGef;atmif
(ArmEdkifiH ukefonfBuD;rsm;toif; Ou|)
rpwm ,lEGwfbmvD
(trfat? t,fvft,fvfbD)
OD;wifatmif
( wuotrIaqmif)
OD;udkudkav;
(wuotrIaqmif)
OD;wifxGef;
( wuotrIaqmif)
OD;0if;az
(AuotaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)
OD;pdefvGif
(Auo 'k-Ou|)
tD*spfjynfwGif ausmif;om;vli,frsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;rsm;tm; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fvsufSdaom e,fcsJUwdkYtm;
IUH csaMumif;jzihf Auo (oefYiS ;f aom ausmif;om;xk) ESihf wuowdYk yl;wG
J qH;k jzwfNyD; aMunmcsuf xkwjf yefco
hJ nf/
19- 10- 51 ckESpf? trIaqmiftzGJU wdkufzsufatmifjrifcJhaom pmar;yGJ 3 BudrfusvQif ausmif;xkwfcH&rnf
[laomtcsufukd jyefvnftoufoiG ;f rnfh t&dyv
f uPmrsm; ay:aygufvmojzihf wuoonf ausmif;om; ud,
k pf m;
vS,f aumifpDvlBuD;wdkYtm; jyemrsKd; ay:aygufvmygu rnfonhf tcsdeftcg ae&mXmeraG; wdkufzsufypf&ef
TeMf um;cJo
h nf/ xk
d eT Mf um;csut
f wdik ;f ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,f wuov
kd af umifpv
D Bl uD;rsm;\ BudK;yrf;csuaf Mumihf
1952 ck? Zefe0g&D (12) &ufaeUwGif usif;yaom aumifpDtpnf;ta0;wGif tcsufonf vHk;0ausysufoGm;NyD
jzpfygonf/
kuaA' vufaxmufuxduq&m rpwmqdkac;? vufaxmufuxdu a':jrpfESifh ausmif;om;&Jabmf (2)
OD;\ psmye udpwGifvnf; tokbydkYaqmif&ef EdI;aqmfvsuf armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh o,f,lydkYaqmifay;cJhygonf/
wuov
kd af umifpo
D Ykd awmif;qdck sut
f & wuov
kd f ajy;ckeu
f pm;yGaJ umfrwDwiG f ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,Ef iS hf
q&mOD;a& tnDtrQ yg0ifapvsuf zGJUpnf;ay;cJhygonf/ ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (5) OD;rSm udktkH;cdkif? udk0if;az?
udkoef;0if;? udkaSmMunfESifh udkausmfjrifh wdkYjzpfygonf/
ausmif;aqmifc (17) usyfonf xdu
k w
f efonfxuf ydrk v
kd sufo
dS nf[k ,lqojzihf avQmhayghay;&ef? 1951
ck? 'DZifbmvuyif awmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf; xkdudprSm tcsdefMumjrifhcJhygonf/ 1952 ck? Zlvdkifv aumifpDtpnf;
ta0;wGif pOf;pm;aqG;aEG; ausmif;om;wOD;twGuf wvvQif aiG (60) usyfxuf rydak pbJ if;aiG (60) usyfukd
cGaJ 0&m ausmif;aqmifcudk avQmhayghapvsuf tpm;taomufbufwGif xyfavmif; xnfhoGif;ay;&ef ausmif;aqmif
aumf rwDodkY TefMum;ygrnf[k qHk;jzwfonf/
&efukefwuodkvfwGif 1951-52 ckrS p tcvGwfynmoifMum;a&;pepf oGwfoGif;cJhaomfvnf; pmar;yGJ
0ifaMu;vGwNf idr;f cGihf r&jcif;rSm tcvGwyf nmoifMum;a&;0g'ESifh qefYusiaf eonf[k ,lqojzihf pmar;yG0J ifciG hf vGwNf idr;f
cGijhf yK&ef awmif;qdck yhJ gonf/ odYk &mwGif wuov
kd af umifprD S xdu
k pd o
nf tpd;k &ESifh oufqikd o
f jzifh tpd;k &odYk awmif;qdk
cJh&m ,cktcsdeftxd jyefMum;jcif; rjyKao;aMumif;jzihf wuoodkY taMumif;jyefcJhygonf/
xkduJhodkY tvkyfwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcJh&mrS 1952 ck? {NyDvodkY a&mufSdcJhojzifh aEG&moD ausmif;ydwf&uf
twGif; wuo\ tvkyfudpt00wdkYudk wm0ef,laqmifGuf&ef aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm;tjzpf udkpdefbef;? udktHk;cdkif?
udkausmfausmf? udkwifxGef;ESifh trf cdkifjrJzdk;csdefwdkYtm; cefYtyfcJhygonf/
ausmif;jyefzGifhonfh tcsdefwGif ausmif;om;OD;a& ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmojzihf ae&mxkdifcif; tcuftcJ jyem
ay:aygufvmrnfudk odSdonfhtwdkif; wuodkvfSd vdktyfonfh taqmuftODrsm; tjrefqHk; csJUxGifwnfaqmuf&ef
BudKwif awmif;qdkcJhygonf/
wuov
kd rf S ausmif;aqmif taqmuftODwckom ,ckEpS t
f zdYk aqmufrnf[q
k o
kd jzihf aemufxyf tenf;qH;k
ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ausmif;aqmif (2) ckESifh ausmif;olrsm;twGuf ausmif;aqmif (1) ,ckESpftzdkY xyfrHwnf
354

aqmufay;&ef awmif;qdkygonf/ xkdawmif;qdkcsuft& wuodkvfaumifpDrS EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&xHodkY 1952-53 ckESpf
twGuf wuodkvfaxmufyhHaMu; &efyHkaiGwGif vdktyfaomaiGudk xnfhoGif; owfrSwfay;&ef awmif;qdkxm; aMumif;jzihf
wuoodkY taMumif;jyefMum; cJhygonf/
ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;onf a&Sm;yg; a&rvHkravmufjzpfae&m 0if'grD&mSd
a&avSmifuefrS a&rsm;udk 0,f,&l eftwGuf oufqikd &f mtmPmydik rf sm;ESifh oGm;a&muf pDpOf&ef vnf;aumif;? jzpfEikd rf nf
qdkygu if;a&avSmifuefrS wuodkvfa&avSmifuefodkY ,ckvufSd (3) vufr a&ydkufrS a&&Edkif&eftwGuf &efukef
aumfydka&;Sif;ESifh aphpyf&ef wuodkvf0if;rSL;tm; wm0efay;jcif;jzihf wuodkvfaumifpDrS wuo\ awmif;qdkcsufudk
aqmifGufay;cJhygonf/
wuodkvfausmif;aqmifrsm;Sd a&csKd;cef;rsm;ESifh tdrfomrsm; npfywfeHapmfjcif; rSd&atmif vdktyfonfh
jyifqifcsufrsm; yvkyf&ef wuorS awmif;qdkojzihf? wuodkvf0if; tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUodkY aqmifGuf&ef TefMum;NyD;
jzpfaMumif;jzihf wuodkvfaumifpDrS taMumif;jyefMum;cJhygonf/
ausmif;aqmifrsm;Sd txyfwkdif;wGif aomufa&wdkifuDrsm; xm;ay;&ef awmif;qdkojzihf wuodkvfaumifpDrS
wuodkvf0if;tkyfcsKyfa&;aumfrwDodkY wm0ef,laqmifGufapygonf/
ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; aexkid rf I tenf;i,foufomaumif;rGeaf p&ef tif;vsm;? bifwef? 0,fvifwef
Ow&ausmif;aqmifrsm; av;a,mufcef;ESifh ESpfa,mufcef;rsm;udk wa,mufcef;rsm;tjzpf eH&Humay;&ef awmif;qdk
ojzihf wuodkvfaumifpDrS oabmwlnDNyD; aqmifGuf&ef oufqdkif&modkY TefMum;wm0ef,lapygonf/ xkdYtjyif
ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ausmif;om;wOD;vQif rD;wvH;k usay;&ef awmif;qdo
k nfuv
kd nf; oabmwlojzihf oufqidk &f mrS
wyfqifay;&ef pDpOfaeNyD jzpfygonf/
0dZmwef;rsm;ESifh odyHwef;rsm;wGif jrefrmpmudk roifrae& bmomjyKvkyfojzihf wuorS tajctae
taMumif; trsK;d rsK;d wdYkaMumihf xku
d pd u
kd &yfqikd ;f xm;&ef wuov
kd af umifpo
D Ykd uefYuu
G pf m ay;ydYkcyhJ gonf/ tpD&ifcpH m
a&;onfhtcsdef txd wuodkvfrS rnfodkYrQ jyefMum;jcif; rSdao;ojzihf udpudk twdtustpD&if rcHEkdifyg/
wuov
kd f omrefpmar;yGrJ sm; tydik ;f cGjJ cm;jcif;ESihf trSwpf Oftvdu
k f tpDtpOf cGjJ cm;jcif;udk zsuford ;f ay;&ef
awmif;qdkcsufudk wuodkvfqD;edwftzGJUrS oabmwlnDonf[k odSd&aomfvnf; tpD&ifcHpm a&;onfhtcsdeftxd
jyefMum;pm r&ao;yg/
1952 ck? ZGev
f wGif wuo taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; udak usmfausmf cGi,
hf o
l jzih?f wGzJ uf taxGaxGtwGi;f
a&;rSL; udkwifarmifxG#ftm; xkdXmeudk wm0ef,l aqmifGufapygonf/
pmar;yGJpepfa[mif;t& ajzqkd&rnhf ausmif;om;rsm;tm; txl;oifwef;rsm;ay;&ef awmif;qdkxm;&m ,ck
tpD&ifcHpma&;onhf tcsdeftxd jyefMum;pm r&ao;yg/
1951-52 ckESpftwGif; wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* trIaqmiftzGJUonf txufazmfjyyg vkyfief;
aqmifwmrsm;udk aqmifGufcJh&m NyD;ajrmufcJhonfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf; trsm;yifSdygonf/ rNyD;jywfao;onfh vkyfief;
tcsKdUvnf; Sdygonf/ txl;tpD&ifcHvdkonfrSm ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;wdkY\ aexkdifpm;aomufa&;ESifh ywfouf
wuoonf txl;ta&;,l aqmifGufcJhygonf/ odkY&mwGif xkduJhodkYaom udpr sm;rSm EkdifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh oufqdkif&m
tmPmydkifwdkY\ vkyftm;ay:wGif rsm;pGmrSDcdkvsuf Sdojzihf ausmif;om;xkESifh wdkif;jynfvlxktm; xkdtcsufudk txl;
ESvHk;ydkufMu&ef arwm&yfcHvdkygonf/
aemif qufvufwm0ef,lMurnfh trIaqmiftzGJUrsm;onf ausmif;om;xk\ vkyfief;rsm;udk atmifjrifpGm
xrf;aqmifEdkifMuygap[k uREkfyfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJUu arQmfvifhqkawmif;ygaMumif;/
1951-52 ckEpS f wuov
kd af umifpo
D Ykd wuo\ ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f jzpf 0wfvakH wmf& OD;ydik f (tNidr;f pm; tdik pf D
tuf) ESifh OD;apm[ef (tNidrf;pm; tdkifpDtuf) wdkYtm; cefYtyfygonf/ wuo\ Oya' tMuHay;t&mSdtjzpf
Oya' uxdu OD;jrifh 0wfvHkawmf&tm; cefYtyfygonf/ wuo\ pm&if;ppftjzpf OD;oef;xl;tm; cefYtyfygonf/
or*\ tkyfxdef;oltjzpf OD;uHodef;tm; vnf;aumif;? pma&;tjzpf udktHk;jrifhtm; vnf;aumif;? Hk;aptjzpf
armifvSausmftm; vnf;aumif; cefYtyfygonf/
b@ma&;Xme tpD&ifcHpm
b@ma&;XmeESihf ywfouf tpD&ifcHvdkonfrSm 1950-51 ckESpf trIaqmiftzGJUrS 0ifaiG? xGufaiG pm&if;
Sif;wrf; pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ESihf wuG vufusefaiG pkpkaygif; 332 usyf 2 yJ (okH;&m oH;k q,fh ESpfusyf ESpfyJ) wdwu
d kd
355
vufcH &Scd yhJ gonf/ 1951-52 ckEpS t
f wGuf or*toif;0ifrsm;xHrS 3893 usyf (oH;k axmifh Sp&f m ud;k q,fh oH;k usyf)
wdwu
d kd &SNd yD;? or*taqmuftOD qdik cf ef;rsm;rS (10) vtwGuf 3697d^-8yJ (oH;k axmifh ajcmuf&m ud;k q,fYcek pfusyf
SpfyJ) wdwdudk &Sdygonf/ wuodkvfodkY EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS xkwfay;aom wuodkvfaxmufyHhaMu; odef;ig;q,fxJrS
or*twGuf aiGaygif; 16495 usyf (waomif; ajcmufaxmifh av;&m udk;q,fh ig;usyf) wdwdudk tcsKd;us &Sdyg
onf/ 1951-52 ckESpftwGuf or*t&yf&yf 0ifaiGaygif;rSm 24417d^-8yJ (ESpfaomif; av;axmifh av;&m wq,fh
ckepfusyf SpfyJ) wdwdjzpf\/ 1952 ck? Zlvdkifvukeftxd ESpfcsKyfpm&if;ydwfcsdefwGif or*vufusefaiG bPf 3774d18 jym; (oHk;axmif ckepf&m ckepfq,fh av;usyf q,fSpfjym;) ESifh aiGom; 29d-25jym; (ESpfq,fh udk;usyfESifh
ESpfq,hf ig;jym;) SdNyD; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&xHrS pwkwywf t&pfusaiGtjzpf 4123d-75jym; (av;axmifh w&m ESpfq,fh
oHk;usyf ckepfq,fh ig;jym;) &Sd&ef Sdojzihf pkpkaygif;aiG 7927d-18jym; (ckepfaxmif udk;&m ESpfq,fh ckepfusyfESifh
q,fhSpfjym;) wdwd jzpfygonf/
&efukefwuodkvf txl;&efyHkaiGrS &Sdaom aiG 7200d^- (ckepfaxmifh ESpf&musyf) wdwdudk wu,f&NyD;
ynmBudK;pm;vdkMuaom ausmif;olausmif;om; (12) OD;wdkYtm; wuorS ae wvvQif 60d^- (ajcmufq,fusyf)ESifh
(10) vtwGuf wa,mufvQif 600d^- (ajcmuf&musyf) wdwdudk axmufyHhaMu;tjzpf xkwfay;EdkifcJhygonf/
wuodkvfausmif;om;or*? wuodkvfESifU vlxkynmzGHNhzdK;a&;Xme ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpm
wuodkvfausmif;om;or*? wuodkvfESifh vlxkynmzGHUNzdK;a&;Xmeudk 1951 ck? pufwifbmv (21)
&ufaeYrS p vufcHaqmifGufcJh&m atmufygwdkYudk atmifjrifcJhygonf/
1951 ck? atmufwb
kd mv (8) &ufaeUrS p wuotaqmuftODwiG f ypn;f rJah usmif;om;rsm;ESifh tvkyo
f
rm;rsm;tm; &nfpl;vsuf aeUpOf nae (4) em&DrS (6) em&D txd tcrJhwuodkvf0ifoifwef; zGifhvSpfcJh&m t*Fvdyfpm?
jrefrmpm? ocsFm? &mZ0if? yx0D? lyaA'ESifh "mwkaA' bmom&yfrsm;udk oifMum;jyo ay;ygonf/ xkd tcrJh oif
wef;wGif vdt
k yfaom ausmif;oH;k ypn;f twGuf ausmif;om;wOD; 0ifaMu;aiG (2) usyfpD aumufcyH gonf/ ausmif;om;
ESihftvkyform; (200) cefY wufa&mufoifMum;Muonfudk awGU&ygonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; tusKd;twGufiSm pmrsuf
ESm (60) rS (80) txdSdaom yx0DrSwfpkrsm; (Geography Notes)? "gwkaA'rSwfpkrsm; (Chemistry Notes)?
t*Fvdyf pum;yHkuav;rsm;udk kdufESdyfxkwfa0cJh&m yx0DrSwfpkudk usoifhaom tzdk;ESihf a0iScJhygonf/
txufazmfjyyg usefrSwfpk pmtkyfrsm;udk tcrJhxkwfa0ygonf/
1951 ck? Edk0ifbmv (19) &ufaeYrS p Oypm odyHoifwef; (Tutorial Classes in Pure Science) udk
zGifhvSpfjyef&m ausmif;om;aygif; (150) ausmfausmf wufa&mufygonf/
xkdoifwef;wGif (Geometry Questions) rsm; dkufESdyf tcrJha0iSygonf/
1951 ck? Edk0ifbmv (27) &ufaeYrS p csif;ausmif;om;or*\ awmif;yefcsuft& jrefrmpmwGif
tcuftcJ awGUaeMuaom nDawmf? aemifawmfrsm;jzpfMuonfh csif;ausmif;om;rsm;tm; txl;jrefrmpmoifwef;udk
zGifhvSpfcJhjyef ygonf/
txufygwdkYudk aqmifGuf&m tyifyef;cHum ulnD wuodkvfoifwef;wGif oifMum;jyoay;Muaom
udk0if;az (t*Fvdyfpm)? udkwifxGef; (t*Fvdyfpm)? udkwifarmif (t*Fvdyfpm)? udkatmifoef; (jrefrmpm)? udktHk;az
(jrefrmpm)? udkaT (ocsFm)? udkatmifvSZH (ocsFm)? udkxGef;&if (yx0D)? udkwifarmifBuD; (&mZ0if)? udkxdef0if;
("gwkaA')wdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? Oypmwef;wGif oifMum;ay;onhf q&mOD;oef;0if; (B.S.c)? Alr.R.C Shaker
(B.S.c)? udkuHGefU? udkudkav;wdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? q&mOD;atmifcif (bDat)? udkausmfausmf (bDat) ? udkwifatmif
(bDat) wdkYtm; vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;Oyum& wifSdygaMumif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/
txufyg aqmifGufcsufrsm;udk Munfhjcif;tm;jzihf wdkawmif;vSpGmaom tcsdeftwGif; vkyfief;aqmifwm
awmfawmfrsm;rsm; atmifjrifonfudk awGU&ojzifh XmetwGuf tm;&auseyfzG,fSdonf[k xifjrifrdygonf/
jyefMum;a&;Xme ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpm
&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* trIaqmiftzGJU jyefMum;a&;Xme\ 1951-52 ckESpf tvkyf
oufwrf;twGif; aqmifGufNyD;ajrmufcJhaom vkyfief;&yfrsm;udk tpD&ifcHygonf/
jyefMum;a&;Xmeonf atmufyg&nfG,fcsufrsm;udk xm;SdNyD; xkd&nfG,fcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnD&ef pGrf;orQ
tvkyfwm0efrsm;udk aqmifGufcJhonf/
356

1/ wuoonf ausmif;om;xkESifh ruif;uGmbJ tjrJwap qufpyfrISd&ef/
2/ ausmif;om;xkESihf jynfolvlxk\ qufqHa&;wGif ajyjypfrI Sd&eftwGuf taxmuftyHhjyK&ef/
3/ wuov
kd Ef iS hf ausmif;om;xk\ tjzpftysuftajctaetrSeu
f kd wdik ;f jynfoYkd wuoonf ausmif;om;
xkESihf ruif;uGmbJ qufpyfrISd&ef? ausmif;om;xk\ ynma&;? aexkdifpm;aomufa&; tpSdonfESifh pyfvsOf;
epfemcsufrsm;? awmif;qdkcsufrsm;? atmifjrifrIrsm;/ qHk;HI;rIrsm;udk aMunmcsufrsm; xkwfjyef today;cJhonf/
wuo\ vkyfief;ESifh vIyfSm;rI[lorQudkvnf; aMunmcsufrsm;jzifh today;cJhonf/
ausmif;om;xkEiS fh jynfov
l x
l \
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rsm;\ tultnDrsm;jzihf woG,f enf;vrf;SdorQ aqmifGufay;cJhygonf/
ausmif;om;xkESihf pyfvsOf; vnf;aumif;? wuodkvfESihf pyfvsOf; vnf;aumif;? wuoESifh pyfvsOf;
vnf;aumif;? txifrSm; tjrifrSm; jzpfaeaom udp& yfrsm;udk wdkif;jynf\ em;rsufpdozG,f jzpfaom owif;pmrsm;rS
tcsdefrD BudK;pm; ajzSif;ay;cJhygonf/
jyefMum;a&;Xmeonf r*Zif;XmeESifh yl;wGJ wuo\ tmabmftjzpf wywfwcg owif;pOf xkwfa0&ef
BudK;yrf;ygaomfvnf; taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ,ckESpftzdkY rxkwfa0Edkifjcif;udk 0rf;enf;ygonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap
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OD;armif
'k-OuX
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(q) Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf nDvmcH (1952-53)

Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHudk wuotaqmuftODcef;rwGif usif;yjcif;jzpfonf/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;
jyemudk nDvmcHodkY rwifjyrD aqG;aEG;SdEIdif;Muonf/ oabmwlnDrIr&? rnfonfh tkyfpkzufurQ ravQmhyg/
nDvmcH vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;t& if;udpESifh ywfoufaomtqdkudk pdppfa&; aumfrwDodkY wifonf/ tqdkyg pdppfa&;
aumfrwD tpnf;ta0;udk nydkif;wGif wHcg;ydwf tpnf;ta0; vkyfcJhonf/ rNyD;rqHk; jzpfaeaomtcg rEav;rS
ud,
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f &m)? rEav;cdik f ausmif;om;or*rS udb
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d kd nDvmcHoYkd wifjy&ef qH;k jzwf
vdkufonf/
xkdaeY nDvmcH pwifusif;yaomtcg jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;udp tBudwfte,f aqG;aEG;Muonf/ Policy
udpjzpf rnfonfh tkyfpkurS tavQmhray;? nDvmcHudk acw&yfqdkif; jyefpcJhonf/
Auorsm;tzJcYG sKyf nDvmcHobifBu;D Ny;D qH;k oGm;aomaehwiG f AuoXmecsKyf tvkyt
f rIaqmifrsm;ESiUf e,fausmif;om; ud,
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Source: Aung Tun Original Copy
357
udpk ;kd odr;f ? udrk if;vGi?f ud,
k w
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rJcGJqHk;jzwf&aom tajctae a&mufyguvnf; rsm;pGm tkyfqdk;ayrnf/ wdk;wuftiftm;pk\ OD;aqmifrIESifh pnf;Hk;
a&;rsm;pGm xdcdkufayrnf/ OD;aqmifyl;wGJaumfrwD (Joint Committee) wGif jyefSd&ef aTUqdkif;vdkufonf/ tqdkyg
nDvmcH udkvS0if; (aemif TefMum;a&;rSL;? tqifhjrifh)u]]uRefawmfwdkY wdk;wufausmif;om; tiftm;pkudk owif;tcsKdU? txl;ojzifh jrefrmhtvif; owif;pm?
Armhacwf? t*Fvdyf aeSif;owif;pm ponfwdkYu vuf0JuGefjrLepfrsm;[k owfrSwfxm;onf/ tmPm&tzGJUtpnf;u
ajray:ajratmuf twdu
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r[kwf e,fcsJUqdkvQif tar&duef e,fcsJUomr[kwf? kSe,fcsJUvmvQifvnf; wdkufrSmyJ}} [k obmywd rdefcGef;wGif
pdwfvdkufrmefyg a[majymoGm;onf/
(Z) Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf tvkyt

f rIaqmiftzGUJ (rl&if;wGif aysmufqHk;ae)
(ps) wuowGif wd;k wufwYkd ta&G;cH&jcif; (1952-53)
oefYSif;aom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;onf cdkifrmwdusvSaom EdkifiHa&;cH,lcsuf rSdjcif;? wdk;wufaom
EdkifiHa&;t,ltq? 0g'oabmw&m;? tawG;tac:rsm;udk qefYusifjcif;? tmPmydkifrsm;\ zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI trsKd;rsKd;udk
jywfom;pGm&ifqikd &f aJ om pdw"f gwfrSjd cif;? if;wdYk \ Nidr;f csr;f pGm ynmoifMum;a&; tay:wGio
f m ausmif;om;ta&;ESihf
jynfolYta&;udk bmrQrvkyfbJ at;at;csrf;csrf; ynmoifMum;a&;udk tajccHMujcif;? ausmif;om;ta&;rsm;tm;
tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh aphpyfa&;udkom t"duxm; tajccHjcif;wdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;xkMum; OD;aqmifrIusqif;vmonf/
oefYSif;wdkYu ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh rdbjynfolwdkY\ta&; rqdkif[k cH,louJhokdY jzpfaeonf/
wzufwGifvnf; wdk;wuftiftm;pkrsm;u ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh rdbjynfolrsm;ta&;onf twlwlyif
jzpfonf/ rdbjynforl sm;twGuf b0vHjk cHKrI rSv
d Qif zdEydS cf aH e&vQif ukeaf ps;EIe;f rsm; wufaevQif rdbwdYk \ om;orD;
ausmif;om;rsm;onf Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;udk xdcdkufrnf[k wdk;wufausmif;om; tiftm;pkrsm;uvnf;
vufcHxm;Muonf/ rdbrsm; b0vHkjcHKrISdrS? zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;uif;rS ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf
ynmoifMum;a&; vdt
k yfcsufrsm; jynfph
kH Nidr;f csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;Edik rf nfjzpfonf/ if;wdYk twGuf wdu
k yf 0JG if&rnf[k
cH,lavonf/
odkYjzifh wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;pk pnf;Hk;a&;tiftm;aumif;vmonf/ wuodkvfvli,ftzGJU
(Versity Youth) ESifh SdEIdif; wuoaG;aumufyGJ 0ifcJhonf/
odkYaomf xkdESpfwGif wdk;wufwdkY Ou|tjzpf taG;cHEdkifaom wuotrIaqmifjzpfzl;ol rSd/ wuo
pnf;rsOf;t& trIaqmifjzpfzl;olom Ou|tjzpf taG;cHEdkifcGifo
dS nf/ OuX jzpfNyD;uvnf; xyfrH taG;cHEdkifcGifh rSd/
wuopnf;rsOf;onf tvGefcdkifrmwdusonf/ xkdpnf;rsOf;a&;qGJolrsm;udkvnf; aus;Zl;wif&rnf/
wuopnf;rsO;f t& yxrtokwf Ou|? 'k-Ou|ESihf aiGxed ;f aG;&onf/ aiGxed ;f onf bGUJ &NyD; ausmif;wuf
aeol jzpf&rnf/ 'kwd,tokwfwGif trIaqmif (6) OD; aG;&onf/ xkd (6) OD; teuf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;ESihf usef
vkyfief;rsm; tvdkuf wm0efcHrsm; aG;cs,f&onf/ xkdtrIaqmif (9) OD;u wm0efcHESifh pmMunfhwkdufrSL;udk aG;cs,f&
onf/ xkdYaMumifh wuowGif trIaqmif (11) OD;xuf avsmhvQifvnf; r&? ydkvnf; r&yg/ tdk;a0r*Zif; wm0efcH
ESihf pmMunfhwdkufrSL;rsm;onf useftrIaqmifrsm;ESifh wef;wltcGifhta&;Sdaom trIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfonf/
(n) 1952-53 wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ

1/ udkudkBuD;
2/ udkBudKif
3/ udkpdefoif;
4/ udkatmifbef;
358
Ou|
'k-Ou|
aiGxdef;
(udkudkBuD;? udkudkav;tkyfpk)
(wuodkvfvli,ftkyfpk)
(wdk;wuf)

5/ udkcifarmifjrifh
vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;wm0efcH (wdk;wuf)
6/ udkausmf0if;
wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;jyefMum;a&;wm0efcH
7/ udkMunfGefY
EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;wm0efcH
8/ udk0if;armif
upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIjrifhwifa&;
9/ udkwifhvGif
ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;wm0efcH
10/ udkbaumif;
tdk;a0r*Zif;wm0efcH t,f'Dwm
(yxru udkvS0if;)
11/ udkoef;armif
pmMunfhwdkufrSL; -wdkYjzpfonf/
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rsm;ESifh yxrqHk;tBudrf ausmif;om;yGJawmfudk wuodkvfe,fajrwGif pnfum;pGm usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ xdkyGJawmf usif;y
Edkifjcif;onf ausmif;om;xkESifh wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;pk\ atmifyGJjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;xktMum; pnf;Hk;a&;
ydrk &kd vmonf/ ausmif;om;yGaJ wmfukd Edik if aH &;t"dyg ,f jynf0h pGm usif;ycJjh cif;jzpf tmPm& zqyvtpd;k &rSm emomcH
cuf jzpfcJhonf/ wuowGif wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;pk OD;aqmifrI&vmjcif;onf if;wdkYtwGuf BuD;rm;aom
twdkuftcHtkyfpk jzpfvmjcif;[k oabmxm;vmMuonf/
(#) td;k a0r*Zif; (52-53 ckEpS )f yg uAsm? aqmif;yg;
ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykH
,aehArmEdkifiHSd ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;rSm pmoifcef;? ausmif;aqmif? q&m? pmtkyfpmwrf;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*? avmu
"gwfynm prf;oyf&efypnf;rsm; csKdYwJUrIudk cHpm;ae&onf/ xdkcHpm;&rIwdkhtwGuf ausmif;om;or*wdkhonf aSYwef;rSrm;rm;
&yfum awmif;qdv
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Uf a&;rsm;
qH;k I;H vmcJ&U jyefonf/ xdt
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hkd nf rdrw
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Uf a&;rsm;udk awmif;qdk wdu
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ausmif;om;awGukd rnfou
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f nf[k wcgu ausmif;om;or*pifjrifw
U iG f
vkycf aUJ om ,aeh tmPm&aeolwu
hkd pGypf u
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dS nf/ odphk yG pf cJG surf sK;d
ppfrjzpfrDu ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif wOD;jzpfol udkb[def;u ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHk (1939) trnfSdaom pmtkyfwGif
acsyum a&;om;xm;csufudk jyefvnfxnfUoGif; vdkuf&avonf/ (rl&if;wGif udkb[def;[kom azmfjyxm;onf/)
jzpfysuq
f J ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyu
kH kd tjrifreS f jrifEikd Mf u&eftwGuf rMumrDuav;twGi;f u ud,
k w
f ikd af wGUMuHK&yHkrsm;udk
ZmwfaMumif; jyefvdkayonf/
uRefawmfwdkY or*trIaqmifrsm;onf jynfolYvGwfvyfrItwGuf aqmifGufzG,f&mrsm;ESifh tvkyform;? v,form;
rsm; &efukefodkY a&mufonfhaeYwGif t&yf&yfSd ausmif;om;or*toif;rsm;u tvkyform;? v,form;aeUBuD; usif;yEdkif
&eftwGuf tvkyfrsm;aeMupOf vGefcJhaom 'DZifbm (8) &ufaeY? aeYvnf (1) em&DcefYwGif ocifvSaz (uvuwm;)ESifh
ocifxdef0if;wdkY wuodkvfor* toif;Hk;odkY aygufvmMuNyD;vQif rauG;odkY a&mufaeaom tvkyform;rsm; &efukef
txda&mufatmif csDwufvmEdkif&efudpudk aqG;aEG;&eftwGuf n (7) em&DwGif A[dk wdkYArmtpnf;tkH; trIaqmif
tpnf;ta0;SdaMumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;u rnfodkYulnDEdkifrnfudk vma&muf ajymapvdkaMumif;jzifh zdwfMum;oGm;avonf/
txufyg tpnf;ta0;udk n (7) em&DausmfcefUwGif &efukefNrdKU yef;qdk;wef;Sd A[dkwdkYArmtpnf;tHk; XmecsKyfHk;cef;
wGif usif;y&m ausmifom;rsm;udk,fpm; uRefawmfESifh tusKd;aqmif udkAaqGwdkY wufa&mufMuonf/ tjcm; tpnf;ta0;
wuforl sm;rSm ocifxyd w
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kd af wmfBuD;? ocifoef;xGe;f ? ocifvaS z? ocifvaS rmif paom A[dt
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a&eHajroydwfwyfrS oydwfarSmuf tvkyform; udk,fpm;vS,fwa,mufudkvnf; awGU&onf/
tpnf;ta0; pvQifpcsif; xkdoydwform;udk,fpm;vS,fu rauG;a&eHajr tvkyform; tajctaeESifhwuG tvkyfo
rm;rsm;udk rauG;ykvdyfrsm;u rnfodkYcsKyfcs,fyHk? oydwfacgif;aqmifrsm;udk rnfodkYzrf;qD;yHkwdkYudk tcsdef tawmfMumpGm
Sif;vif; ajymjyonf/
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tpnf;ta0; wufMuolwdkif;u wa,muftMuH wrsKd;ay;um tjyeftvSef jiif;ckHajymqdkaeMujcif;jzihf tcsdeftawmf
MumoGm;Mujyefonf/
359
v,form;ESifh tvkyform;rsm; rQ qlylx<uvmNyD;vQif rdrdwdkY tcGifhta&;rsm;udk awmif;qdk&eftwGuf &efukefNrdKU
odkYyif ajcvQifcsDwufvmMurnf qdkaomtcg e,fcsJUtpdk;&rSm txl;wkefvIyf xdwfvefYcJhavonf/ tvkyform;?
v,form;rsm; &efukefodkY a&muf olwdkYawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk rvdkufavsmygu rdrdwdkYrSm tpdk;& ukvm;xkdifrsm;rS
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txdwfwvefY awG;awmNyD;vQif tvkyform;? v,form;rsm;\ &efukefodkY csDwuf&ef tMuHudkzsufzdkY enf;trsKd;rsKd;udk
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wyfBuD;udk ESdrfESif;vdkufu a&eHacsmif;Sd useftvkyform;rsm;uyg NidrfcHraebJ 'kwd,a&eHajroydwfBuD; xyfrHay:
aygufrnfudk pdk;&drfaomaMumifh jzpfavonf/ tvkyform;rsm;udk tvG,fwul ESdrfESif;Edkifrnfh BuD;BuD;us,fus,f
ppfykvdyfHk;? *wf? axmifwdkYrSmvnf; rauG;rSmom Sdaeojzihf a&eHacsmif;rS pxGufpOf rESdrfeif;jcif; jzpfavonf/
tvkyform;rsm; rauG;odkY qdkufa&mufvmMuaomtcg e,fcsJUorm;wdkYrSm tvkyform;rsm; rdrdwdkY axmifacsmufudk
wdk;NyD[laom taejzifh tm;&0rf;ompGm tvkyform;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk pwifzrf;vdkufjcif;jzihf rdrdwdkYtpGrf;udk jyvdkuf
avonf/ xdkYaemuf tvkyform;rsm;udk yk'fr (144) jzifh ydwfjcif;? vmorQacgif;aqmifrsm;udk zrf;aejcif;jzifh
rdrdwdkY &nfG,f&if; tMuHtpnfudk xajrmufatmif t"r aqmifGufavawmhonf/ tvkyform;rsm;uvnf; aSUwdk;rnf/
tpdk;&uvnf; yk'rf (144) udk zsuu
f m tMurf;enf;oH;k rnf? vmorQ acgif;aqmifawGukd zrf;rnf? odUk jzifh wzufEiS hf
wzuf tm;prf;aeMuavonf/
tpnf;ta0;wGif uRefawmfESifh udkAaqGwdkYuvnf; uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;rsm;u tvkyform;ESifh v,form;
ta&;wGif rnfodkYaqmifGufEdkifonfhtaMumif;? aemufqHk; vdktyfvmvQif ArmjynfwjynfvHk; ausmif;om;oydwfrsm;jzihf
axmufcHulnDrnfhtaMumif;? tvkyform;wyfwGif Adkvfvkyf&eftwGuf ausmif;om; tajrmuftrsm;yif emrnfwifoGif;
rnfh taMumif;wdkYudk ajymjyavonf/ odkYaomf tpnf;ta0;\ qErSm ,cktawmtwGif; ausmif;om;rsm; kwfjcnf;
xdxda&mufa&muf ulnDzdkYvdkonf[k rxifao;bJ wdkif;jynfu ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm; yl;aygif;MuNyD[k
,lqum awmfavmufNyD[k oabmxm;avonf/
tvkyform;csDwufa&;twGuf tawmfMum aqG;aEG;rdMuaomtcg vkyfief;tpDtpOfwckudk a&;qGJMuavonf/
rauG;odkY a&mufESifhaeaom Adkvf (ocifazoef;) ESifh yl;wGJaqmifGuf&eftwGuf Akdvf (2) OD;tjzpf ocifxdef0if;?
ocifpdk;wdkYudk aG;cs,fvdkuf vkyfief;tpDtpOfESifh tvkyform;rsm;tm; TefMum;csuf pmGufrsm;udk ,laqmifoGm;&rnfh
ocifxdef0if;ESifh ocifpdk;wdkYtm; oydwfwyfBuD;odkY ra&mufcif tzrf;cH&ygu xkdTefMum;csuf pmGufrsm;udk tjcm;
vrf;jzifh oydwfwyfodkY a&mufatmif ydkYaqmif&eftwGuf uRefawmfESifh udkAaqGwdkYudk aG;cs,fvdkufavonf/
uRefawmfESifh udkAaqGwdkYrSm rNyD;jywfao;aom a&eHacsmif; trsKd;om;ausmif;om;oydwf udptwGuf a&eHacsmif;odkY
oGm;a&muf&ef udpSdaeojzifh c&D;oGm;&if;[efvGJ tvkyfudk vkyf&ef uRefawmfwdkY (2) a,mufudk aG;cs,fvdkufjcif;
jzpfonf/ xdknwGif;csif;rSmyif ocifpdk;ESifh ocifxdef0if;wdkYonf jynf&xm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? uRefawmfESifh udkAaqG
wdkYonf rEav;pmydkY &xm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? rauG;zufodkY vdkufygoGm;Muavonf/ aemufwaeY nae rauG;odkY
a&mufvQif a&mufcsif; uRefawmfwdkY (2) a,mufonf tvkyform;rsm; pcef;csaeonfh rJxD;ausmif;wdkuf twGif;odkY
vdkufoGm;MuNyD;vQif uRefawmfhwGifygvmaom pmGufrsm;udk ocifazoef;odkY ay;tyfvdkufavonf/ xdkYaemuf
a&eHacsmif;odkY qufvuf xGufcGmoGm;rnfh armfawmfum;rSm rauG;wGif (1) em&DausmfausmfrQ em;aeOD;rnfjzpfojzihf
uRefawmfwdkYrSm tvkyform; rsm;udk udk,fwdkifawGUqHk&ef tcsdefaumif;aumif; &avawmhonf/
tumt&Hqdk vHk;0 rSdaom oGyfrdk;wefaqmif;BuDtwGif; ESD;aMumzsmMurf;rsm;ay:wGif tdyfolutdyf? pmzwfoluzwf?
0dkif;zGJU pum;ajymoluajymESifh odkufodkuf0ef;0ef;BuD; wpnf;wHk;aeMuaom tvkyform; (800) ausmfcefYudk cyfvSrf;
vSrf;u jrifvdkufvQif jrifvdkufcsif; uRefawmfwdkYrSm bmaMumifhrod &ifxJwGif vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ jzpfvmavonf/
olwdkYwGif ygvmaom toHk;taqmif ypnf;qdk vlwa,mufvQif apmifMurf; wxnf? vG,ftdwf wvHk;ESifh a&aomuf&ef
a&ykvif; wvHk;om jzpfavonf/ tnmwGif aezl;olwdkif; qvHwdkuf&avmufatmif csrf;at;aom aqmif;wGif;wGif
olwdkYb,fvdk tdyfMurnfudk uRefawmfwdkYrSm rawG;Edkifavmufatmif jzpfavonf/ tvkyform;rsm; pm;a&;aomufa&;
twGuf tusKd;taMumif;udk teD;Sd tvkyform;wOD;tm; ar;Munfh&m ]]uRefawmfwdkYrSm wpfaeU xrif;weyfyJ pm;&w,f?
[if;uawmh ig;ydaMumf wcGufygyJ? wcgwavrsm; xrif;awmif avmufavmufiSiS rpm;&bl;? tpdk;&uawmh
SdorQpm;p&m ukef&if iwf&if udk,fhtMuHudkpGefYNyD; ae&yfudk jyefMur,fxifw,f? 'gaMumifh (144) ESifh 'DtxJrSm
ydwfNyD; tiwfcHxm;w,f? 'gayr,fh uRefawmfwkdY vmrdwJh twltwl rxl;bl;? &efukefudk a&mufatmif wenf;enf;eJY
oGm;rSmyJ? ykvdyfu aoewfeJY ypfowfvdkY ao&ifvnf; at;wmyJ}} [k pdwfygrmefyg uRefawmfhtm; ajymjyonf/
vlYb0wGif vljzpfvm&vsuf vlvdkrae&? vlvdkrpm;&? oefoefrmrmESifh tvkyfvkyfvdkvsuf tvkyfr& jzpfaeaom
360

tajcqdk; taeqdk;odkY a&mufolwdkif; udk,fhtoufudk wefzdk;rxm;bJ? jzpfvdk&mjzpf ZGwfESpf vkyfMurnfrSm tHhMop&m
r[kwfacs/ 'kuudk 'ku[l rrSwfxifEdkifbJ vlYtjzpfESifh &oifh&xkdufaom vlYtcGifhta&;av;rsm;udk at;csrf;NidrfoufpGm
awmif;qdk&ef twGuf rdkif (300) ausmfrQaom c&D;udk ajcvsifvmMuonfh tvkyform;rsm;tm; vlpdwfusyfjynfh Sdolwdkif;?
udk,fcsif;pmum nmwmaxmufxm;Muayrnf jzpfaomfvnf; e,fcsJUtpdk;&u t&rf;rJh t"rEdSyfuGyfaejcif;jzifh
olwdkY\ qdk;npfaom twGif;oPmefudk ydkrdkay:vGifatmif jyKvkyf&ma&mufaeayonf/ t"rw&m; vufudkifxm;aom
e,fcsJUpepfukdvnf; tjrefqHk; wdkufzsufEdkifatmif vlrsm;tm; qGJay;ae&m a&mufavonf/
tvkyform;rsm;ESifh uRefawmfwdkY pum;ajymaeMupOf ausmif;tjyifzuf vrf;rwGif jrif;pD;ykvdyf/ aemuf rvSrf;
rurf;wGifum; wkwfSnfBuD;rsm; qGJudkifxm;aom ykvdyfom dk;dk; (15) a,mufcefY vrf;avQmufaeonf/ uRefawmfonf
udkAaqGudk vSrf;Munfh&m oluvnf; uRefawmfhudk jyeftMunfheJY qHkaeavonf/ if;aemuf uRefawmfuyif teD;Sd
ocifazoef;tm; ]]uRefawmfwdkY cifAsm;wdkYeJYtwl tvkyform;awGudk csKyfcs,fxm;wmudk wdkufzsufr,f/ tvkyform;awG
rauG;u xGufoGm;MurS uRefawmfwdkY a&eHacsmif;udk qufoGm;awmhr,f}} [k ajymjyvdkufavonf/
cPMumvQif ocifxdef0if;ESifh ocifpdk;wdkY a&mufvmMu (5) OD;om; aSYvkyfief;rsm;twGuf wdkifyifMuNyD;
at;at;oufomESifh udpNyD;Edkifu NyD;zdkYtwGuf ta&;ydkifESifhawGUqHk&ef pDpOfMuonhftwdkif; aemuf (2) &ufwGif
ta&;ydkifxH vludk,fwdkifwzHk? pmESifhwwef qufoG,fum tvkyform;rsm; csDwufa&;udpudk vkyfMuavonf/
odYk aomf ta&;ydik rf mS uRefawmfwYkd tm; wywfu
kd u
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jcif; rjyKawmhbJ yk'rf (144) udk csKd;zsuf qufvufcsDwuf&efuo
kd m jyifqifMuavonf/ uRefawmfwYkd u vlBuD;yDyD
qufqyH gvsuf ta&;ydkifrSm uRefawmfwdkYtay: taumufOmPfMuHum uRefawmfhwdkYtm; zrf;0&rf;udk wiful; xkwfxm;cJh
avonf/
oydwform;wyfudk 'DZifbmv (12) &uf eHeufwGif csDwuf&ef pDpOfxm;aomfvnf; uRefawmfwdkY (5) OD;rSm
xkdaeY eHeufaetmHkudk vGwfvGwfvyfvyf rjrifawGU&awmhbJ vGefcJhaomaeYn (7) em&Duyif uRefawmfwdkYrSm rauG;*wf
tcsKyfcef;twGif; a&mufcJhMuavonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtm; zrf;qD;onhf tcsdefup ykvdyftrIxrf;rsm;u dkufESufMuojzifh
ausmif;oluav;rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;trsm;tjym; 'Pf&mtemw& &Sd tmZmenf udkatmifausmf toufaoqHk;&onfh
tcsdefwdkifatmif tjzpftysufrsm;udkum; tjyifu vlrsm;rSm uRefawmfwdkYxuf ydkrdkodMuayonf/
odkYaMumifh ,ckausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkESifh qdkifaom tcsKdUajzSif;zG,f tcsufrsm;udkom a&;vdkygonf/ if;wdkYrSm(1) uRefawmfESifh udkAaqGudk zrf;aomaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; rQ qlylvm&onf/
(2) ausmif;om;rsm;rSm rdrdwdkYESifh rqdkifaom EdkifiHa&;wGif 0ifpGufonf/
(3) ausmif;om;rsm;udk EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;u vufudkifwkwftjzpf toHk;csaeonf/
(4) ausmif;om;rsm;onf ocifrsm;ESifh aygif;onf/
(1)
uRefawmfESifh udkAaqGudk zrf;vdkufojzifh ausmif;om;rsm; rQqlylvm&onf/ odkYr[kwfvQif ausmif;om;rsm;
ausmif;wGif pmtoifysufrnf r[kwf[laom xifjrifcsufrSm tcsKdUw0ufom rSefayonf/ txufwGif a&;om;cJhonfh
twdkif; ,ckacwf ausmif;om;rsm;rSm aS;uvdk eH&Hav;zuf ywfvnf0dkif;xm;aom ausmif;pmoifcef;udk rdrdavmu
tjzpfxm;um ausmif;pmtkyfrsm;wGifom pdwf0ifpm;jcif; rjyKawmh? rdrdudk,fudk ta&;ygaom wdkif;oljynfom; tjzpfodkY
jrifhwifvdkufum jynfoljynfom;tm;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifaom jyemtm;vHk;wGifvnf; pdwf0ifpm;vmavonf/
if;tjyif ausmif;om;rsm;rSm ausmif;om;[laom vlwrsKd;tjzpfESifh bHkaygufvmMuolrsm; r[kwfojzifh rdrd\
rdb? OD;av;paom aoG;csif;om;csif; wdkif;oljynfom;rsm; twd'kua&mufvQif rdrdwdkYvnf; a&muf&onf/ wdkif;ol
jynfom;rsm; ab;'kua&muf wGef;vSefwdkufcdkufvQif rdrduvnf; 0ifa&muf wdkufcdkuf&rnf[k oabmydkufvmMuav
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ausmif;om;rsm;rSmvnf; at;at;vlvl raeEdkifMubJ xdyfxufrD;yljzifh wdkif;jynfudk rnfodkYul&rnfudk tcsufSmaeMu
avonf/
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jzpfaom ausmif;om;rsm;udk qlyl&ef tcgay;vdkufouJhodkY jzpfoGm;avonf/ tu,f uRefawmfwdkYudk rzrf;bJaeygu
,ckvdk jzpfysufqJjzpfaom ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkonf ,cktcsdefwGif rjzpfbJ tcsdefajymif;csif ajymif;oGm;ayrnf/
odkYaomf rjzpfbJum; rae? taES;ESifhtjref jzpfay:&awmhrnf/ pifppfaomfum; uRefawmfwdkYudk zrf;vdkufjcif;rSm aygufuGJ
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,ckausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkonf uRefawmfwkdY (2) OD;tm; zrf;qD;jcif;tay:wGif vHk;0 t&if;rwnfaMumif;udk
oufaotxiftSm; jyrnf/
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cefYavmufwGif tcGefawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;bOD;onf &efukefrSae uRefawmfwdkYSdaom rauG;axmifodkY w,fvDzkef;quf
361
uRefawmfwdkYtm; rauG;wGif uRefawmfwdkY (2) a,muf jzpfysufyHkudk ar;onf/ uRefawmfu txufwGif a&;om;cJhonfh
twdik ;f jyefvnfajymjy&m OD;bOD;u ]]tck 0efBuD;csKyf tpnf;ta0;So
d nf? rif;wdYktaMumif; pOf;pm;Murnf? rif;wdYkacgif;aqmif
zdkY vmjcif; r[kwfojzifh vTwfypfrnf? (10) em&Dudk igtaMumif;jyefrnf}} [k ajymygonf/ xkdYaemuf ,ck tif;pdefaxmif
a&mufonftxd olYxHrS taMumif;jyefpum; r&awmhyg/
0efBuD;csKyf tpnf;ta0;u uRefawmfwdkY (2) a,mufudk bmaMumifh rvTwfoenf;/ ausmif;om;rsm;rSm uRefawmfwdkY
(2) a,mufudk t&if;cH t"duxm; qlylMujcif; r[kwf? uRefawmfwdkY (2) a,muf vTwfypfHkrQESifh ausmif;om;rsm;rSm
at;oGm;Murnf r[kwf/ uRefawmfwdkYudk vTwfvdkufvQif tjyifzufwGif qlylorm; wdk;HkrQ jzpfrnfudk odMuaomaMumifh
jzpfavonf/
v,form;? tvkyform;rsm;ESifhwuG wwdkif;jynfvHk;udk csKyfcs,fxm;aom yk'frtrsKd;rsKd;udk jyefvnf kyfodrf;&ef
twGuf ausmif;om;rsm; oydwaf rSmufaeMu\/ uRefawmfwYkd (2) a,mufukd zrf;rS jynfoYl vw
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cJhaom ausmif;om;vTwfawmf\ wuodkvfOya'Murf;ESifh ywfouf wdkif;jynfodkY aMunmpmwrf; aemufqHk;tydk'fwGif
]jynfolYvGwfvyfrItwGuf ausmif;om;rsm; wdkif;jynfwavsmuff qlylawmif;qdk&ef} [k twdtvif;ygSdavonf/ ausmif;
om;rsm; vTwfawmf\ qHk;jzwfcsufudk dkaovdkufemaomtm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm; odkYqlylaeaMumif; txl;xifSm;
vSayonf/
(2)
EdkifiHa&;udk aMumufp&m? rowDp&m aq;jc,fNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;udk ajcmufvSefYavhSdonfrSm e,fcsJUorm;\
,kwfywfaom tusifhwckjzpfavonf/ e,fcsJUorm;rsm;\ pm;<uif;pm;usefrsm;jzihf toufSifaeMuaom vufyg;ap
rsm;uvnf; ausmif;om;rsm; EdkifiHa&;ESifh rqdkif[k a,mif0g; pum;ypfoHudk rMumcP Mum;&avonf/ e,fcsJUorm;
wdkYu ausmif;om; EdkifiHa&;xJ0ifvmonfudk aMumufvefYMujcif;udk axmufojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;onf e,fcsJUpepf
okwfoifa&;wGif rnfrQta&;yg t&ma&mufonfudk csifhcsdefEdkifayonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;&mZ0ifudk MunfhvQif yxrwGif e,fcsJUorm;rsm;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk evHrxlEdkifatmif acgif;
raxmifEikd af tmif eif;jym;tajcwGif xm;\/ 'kw,
d ausmif;om;rsm; qlyEl ;kd Mum;vmaomtcg ausmif;om;rsm; qlcsifqlawmh?
odkY&mwGif ynma&;udpwGifom aqmifGuf&rnf/ EdkifiHa&;rvkyf&[k ajymvmMuonf/ um; e,fcsJUorm;wdkY\
aemufodkY wvSrf;qkwfjcif;jzpf ausmif;om;wdkY aSUwvSrf; wdk;jcif;jzpf\/ aemifwGif ausmif;om;wdkY EdkifiHa&; vkyf
csifvkyfawmh? odkY&mwGif e,fcsJUpepfokwfoifa&;wGif ryg&[k ajymayvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf pifppftm;jzihf okdYajymEdkif&ef
rSdawmh/ taMumif;aomfum; xkdtcsdefwGif olwdkY vlUjynfwGif SdMuawmhrnf r[kwfay/
ausmif;om;rsm;u ArmvlrsKd;wkdif; vlwef;aphaeEdkifonfh avmuopfxlaxmifa&;twGuf qif;&Jom;v,form;
rsm;ESifh ycHk;csif;,SOfum vGwfvyfa&;ppfajrjyifwGif wdkufcdkufMutHh/ ,ck vkyfief;rsm;rSm xkdtcsdeftwGuf tm;jyifaejcif;
rQjzpf\/ odkYvkyfojzifh e,fcsJUorm;ESifh ol\vufyg;aprsm;onf ausmif;om;rsm; EdkifiHa&;vkyfonfudk ajymHkru
vlowform;jzpfonf pojzifh olwdkY oabmusovdk ajymqkdEdkifayonf/
(3)
ausmif;om;rsm;udk EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;u vufudkifwkwftjzpf toHk;csaeonf[laom &,fp&maumif;vSonfh
pGyfpGJcsufrsKd; a&;om;ajymqdkaeMujcif;rSm ,ckudpwGifrSr[kwf/ wuodkvfOya'Murf;udk y,fcsvdkufpOfuvnf; enf;
twdkif; pGyfpGJcH&zl;ojzifh ,Ofyif aeavonf/
pGyfpGJcsufrsKd; xGufay:vmonfh a'orsm;rSm e,fcsJYorm;wdhk\ yg;pyfjzpfaom &efuek af *;Zwfowif;pmESifU e,fcsYJorm;
vufyg;apjzpfaom Gefhaygi;f tpd;k &wdhk\ yg;pyf AEKvowif;pm wdkYyif jzpfavonf/ wuodkvfOya'Murf; udpw
Gifum;
trsm;em;vnfatmif cyfSnfSnf Sif;&OD;rnf/ ,ckudpwGifum; pOf;pm;OmPfSdolwdkif;rSm tvGefSif;avonf/ b,f
EdkifiHa&;ygwD? b,f*dkPf;*PrS pdwful;rwnfhrD ausmif;om;rsm;u pwif jynfolYvGwfvyfrIudk csKyfcs,fxm;aom
yk'frrsm;udk csKd;zsufum tmPmzDqefcJhMuavonf/ odkYaomf owif;pmrsm;um; ausmif;om;rsm;udk OD;apmu ajrmufay;
aeonft
h aersKd; ,ckxufwikd f a&;om;aejcif;rSm wdik ;f oljynfom;rsm;udk apmfum;onfEiS hf wlavonf/ pifppfaomfum;
*VKefOD;apmrSm ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHk*,ufrS rl;rdkufum rodrom tmPmzDqefa&; ppfajrjyifodkY a&mufvmjcif;
jzpfavonf/
(4)
ausmif;om;rsm;udk ocifrsm;ESifh aygif;onf[k ajymjyef\/ rSefonf? ausmif;om;rsm;onf ocifrsm;ESifh aygif;
onf/ odkYaomf aygif;onfqdk&m ausmif;om;or*toif;ESifh wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;wdkYonf tpnf;ta0;BuD;vkyfum
pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm; a&;qGJNyD; pepfwus csnfNyD;? wkwfNyD; aygif;enf;rsKd;r[kwf? or*pnf;rsOf;t& ,cktcsdeftxd
or*toif;onf rnfonfhygwD\ vufatmufcHrQ r[kwf? vGwfvyfaomtzGJUtpnf; jzpf\/
or*toif;ESifh wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;wdkYrSm t"du&nfG,fcsuf? 0g'wdkYwGif twlwlyifjzpf\/ or*toif;onf
qif;&Jom;v,form;awGESifh aygif;wdkufrS e,fcsJUpepf ysufrnf[k t,lSd\/ wdkYArmtpnf;tHk;onfvnf; xkdYtwlyif?
or*toif;onf Armwdkif;? Armwdkif; vlwef;aphaeEdkifonfh avmuDedAmef xlaxmifa&;udk &nfrSef;\/ wdkYArmtpnf;
362

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twGufqdk&if tzGJUcsKyfBuD;&JU(1) &mZ0iftusOf;
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jynfrSmSdwJh ,leDAmpDwDtm;vHk;udk ydwfypfvdkufw,f/ 'Dvdk ydwfyifrIudk[efUwm;wJh ausmif;om;rsm;? q&mrsm;? jynfolrsm;
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363
SdwJhteuf pmrwwfolaygif; (70000000) Sdwm awGU&w,f/ e,fcsJUvufatmuf
a&mufaewJh tD&efrSm pmrwwfol 80 &mcdkifEIef;? ajrmuftmz&duwdkufrSm 90 &mckdifEIef;?
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364

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365
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366
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avaMumif;&efrS? a0;jyefuif;aMumif;
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xGufay:vmrS? wcgonfawmh
raoaygh[k? pdwfavsmhoufjyif;
csae&if;yif? AHk;usif;rSxGuf
ajrtxufodkY? iJhvsufIum
Munfhvdkuf&0,f--tdk---bmrSrjrif? rD;omjrif\?
NrdKUcGiftvHk;? rD;omzkef;\?
rD;vHk;xJrS? ajy;vTm;Mu\?
ac:Mu? atmfMu? [pfidkMu\?
tr*Fvm? Icif;omvQif
eDwsm&J&J? aoG;ESifhwGJ
aMuuGJzG,f&mjrifwum;/ /
(6)
ig\tdrfvnf;
tSdefjyif;pGm? ppfrD;rSm0,f
jymomtjzpf? xifawmh\/ /
ynmSm&
ausmif;awmfrSmvnf;? wdkifomusef&pf
rD;pmjzpf? cspfonfhi,faygif;?
rdwfaqGaumif;vnf;? ausmif;\eHab;
ykef;usif;ab;0,f? aoG;tvl;vl;
b0ul;\/ /
(7)
atmf--- 0Jrsuf&nfeJU
jrifonfhtjzpf? qdk;pepfaMumifh
wpfqdkY&ifrSm? rIombJ
b,fnmrvIyf? puftkyfodkY
ikwfwkwfxkdifum? idkifrd\/ /
367
ightwlyif
MunfvifNidrfhat;? *Dwaw;udk
uav;b0? i,fpOfuvQif
,k,cJhol? ]]tbjzL}}vnf;
oufwlyrm? jrwfEdk;&Smonfh
oHomat;csdK? apmif;tdk\
ndKUndKUrJrJ? rD;aoG;cJodkY
0ifpGJoaE? tajctaeaMumifh
rsuf&nf0Jum? &yfae\/ /
jcL;yef;jcL;cuf
uEkwf,Sufonfh toufu,f0if
kyfaTpifudk? ae0if;NzdK;zs
tcsdefusxd? yDoatmifxk
yef;ykorm;? bdk;oufMum;vnf;
xGm;xGm;nufnuf? aMurGysufonfh
olYvuf&mEk? tpkpkaMumifh
Orsuf&nfESifh awGae\/ /
yef;csDq&m
olwdkYrSmvnf;? ESpfwmumv
qGJcJh&onfh? oufrQciftyf
yef;csDcsyfwdkY? jzpf&yfqdk;0g;
ppfrD;Mum;0,f? avmifoGm;ojzifh
rsuf&nfESifhvQif? pdkYeifhumom
&yfae\/ /
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
pkaqmif;vmonfh? pmay0wK
&wkuAsm? ajrmufrsm;pGmvnf;
AsL[mcif;vSpf? owfyGJjzpfonfh
ppfrD;a0a0? avmifuRrf;av
pmaycspfwwf? yd#duwfrSL;
jymyHkOD;wGif? tl;yrm
idkaeSm\/ /
(8)
tu,fqdkvQif
ighNrdKUwGifom? r[kwfygbJ
Armjynf0Srf;? ppfrD;vTrf;rdkY
vQrf;vQrf;eDeD? aoG;wdkYonfvnf;
pD;vnfcJhNyD jzpfownf;/ /
368
,Ofaus;rIESifh
okckrvnf;? ppfrD;0,f
csD;ESD;ysufokef;cJhNyDwnf;/ /
b0twl
ausmif;olausmif;om;? ajrmuftrsm;vnf;
vlom;csif;csif;? arwmuif;
cif;onfhppfrSm? toufwmudk
pGefUSmcJh& NyDomwnf;/ /
(9)
xdkYaMumifhomyif
ppfqdkvQifrl
rjrifvdkbJ? rkef;HGUGJ
vufwGJnDnm? awmif;qdkvmonf
urmhNidrf;csrf;a&;udkwnf;/ /
(10)
vlom;tm;vHk;
ppfudkrkef;? pkHk;qE
tmoDoudk? r&&atmif
BudK;yrf;pdkY/ /
rif;vS - GefhMuL;
(wuodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmf yxrqk&uAsm)
369
OD;pdeb
f ef;
(1951-52)
&efuek Zf mwdjzpfonf/ 1946 ckEpS w

f iG f &efuek w
f uov
kd o
f Ykd a&mufydS nm qnf;yl;onf/ 1950-51 ckEpS w
f iG f
wuotrIaqmif tjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH& twGi;f a&;rSL; wm0ef ay;tyfjcif;cH&onf/ 195152 ckEpS w
f iG f wuo Ou|jzpfonf/
ppfNyD;acwf 1946 ckEpS rf pS wuov
kd pf mar;yGrJ sm;udk t&pfuspmar;yGJ (Compartmantal Exam) jyKvyk cf o
hJ nf/
1951-52 ckEpS w
f iG f t&pfus pmar;yGrJ S ,ckvufdS Part.A Part.B pepfoYkd ajymif;vJ&ef wuov
kd t
f mPmydik f
tzGUJ rS qH;k jzwfonf/ xkq
d ;kH jzwfcsuu
f kd ausmif;om;xk qEawmif;cH&m ausmif;om; trsm;pku ,ckvufpdS epfukd
vufc&H ef rJay;qH;k jzwfco
hJ nf/
OD;pdeb
f ef;onf Edik if aH wmf pku
d yf sKd;a&;bPf;kH csKyf refae*smtjzpf Edik if aH wmfwm0efukd xrf;aqmifvsufo
dS nf/
370
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif
tcef; (15)
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGit
hf a&;umuG,af &;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif
(1952 rS 1953)
(u) 'Dtufpt
f kd arG;zGm;jcif;
1952-53 ckESpf ynmoifESpfwGif wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pk OD;aqmifrI&Sdvmjcif;onf tmPm&
ygwD tzGJUtpnf;tzdkY rsm;pGmjyemBuD;w&yf jzpfaeonf/ wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;onf Auorsm;
tzGJUcsKyf? &uo? wuo [laom t"du ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif OD;aqmifrI &xm;onf/ tpOftvmBuD;rm;
aom wuoudk vGwo
f mG ;jcif;onf tmPm&ygwD tzGUJ tpnf;twGuf BuD;rm;aom qH;k H;I rI jzpfonf/ oefYiS ;f udv
k nf;
tm;udk; rjzpfEdkifawmhay/ rdrdwdkY pdwftcs&qHk; tiftm;pkzGJUpnf;&eftwGuf wdk;wufwdkY\ OD;aqmifrIudk z,fSm;&ef
wuodkvfwGif jyefvnf wmplaeonf/
yxrOD;qH;k oefYSi;f rS cGx
J u
G o
f mG ;aom udu
k Bkd uD;? udu
k akd v; nDaemiftyk pf u
k kd zJx
h w
k o
f nfh vufusef qdk ,
S v
f pf
ygwDtEG,frsm;udk jyefvnftoufoGif;onf/ tcGifhta&; rufvHk;rsm;ay; pnf;Hk;onf/ odkYjzifh 'Drdku&ufwpf
ausmif;om;tiftm;pk-'Dtufpt
f kd (Democratic Student Organization) udk xlaxmifonf/ tmPm&ygwDtzGUJ t
pnf;onf wuodkvfe,fajrwGif 'Dtufpftdk udk arG;zGm;oefYpifvdkufonf/
(c) 1952-53 ynmoifEpS f

wuodkvfe,fajr ausmif;rsm;jyefvnf zGifhvSpfaomtcgwGif wuodkvfonfvnf; touf0ifvIyfSm;vm
onfh pmoifcef;rsm;wGif at;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;&rnfhtpm;? vrf;ray:odkY a&mufonf/ pDwef;vrf;avQmufvm
Muonf/ pmtkyfESifh azmifwdeftpm;? ydkpwmESifh tvHudkifvmMuonf/ lyaA'? yx0Dtpm;? zdESdyfrIvGwfajrmufa&;
tcGifhta&;rsm; pwif oifMum;vm&onf/ ygarmu\ pmayydkYcsoHtpm;? w&m;a[maom ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol
rsm;\ toHudk Mum;emvm&\/ ocsFmykpmtpm;? ausmif;om;ynmudk ajzSif;Mu\/ oifcef;pmrsm; ra&;awmhbJ
ynmpmwrf;rsm; a&;vmMuonf/ zm;cGJ&rnfhtpm;? aG;aumufyGJrJyHk;udk dkufcGJMu&onf/ tajctaerSm wif;rmvm
371
onf/ &ifhusuf &ifhusufvmonf/ aemufqHk; aygufuGJvmonf/ qEawG xkwfazmfvmMuonf/ &Jpdwf? &Jrmefudk
jyMuonf/ olwkdYvdktyfcsufrsm; tcGifhta&;rsm;udk awmif;qdkMuonf/ zdESdyfcs,fvS,folwdkYu ausmif;om;wdkY\
awmif;qdak om tcGit
hf a&;rsm;tpm;? zdEydS cf sKyfcs,fa&;udo
k m ay;vmMuonf/ uavmifEiS hf azmifwed t
f pm;? aoewfEiS hf
vSpH yG u
f kd ay;vmMuonf/ jynfph v
kH akd om rif&nftpm;? aoG;pufEiS hf rsu&f nfukd jrifMu&onf/ ausmif;oH;k y&dabm*rsm;?
ausmif;taqmuftODrsm; vdck sifaom ausmif;om;vli,fwYkd tm; tusOf;axmifrsm;udo
k m ay;tyfvmMuonf/ ausmif;
e,fajrudk q&mrsm; jznfhwif;&rnfhtpm; y&dowfrsm; jznfhwif;jcif; jyKvkyfvmonf/
om,maysmfTifrIonf ausmif;om;vli,fwdkYtwGuf b,faomtcgrS vHkavmufjynfhpHkonf[l rSd/ olwdkY
onf om,maysmfiT rf u
I kd tjrJwrf; iwfrw
G af eonf/ aysmfaysmfiT f iT f at;at;csrf;csrf;aexkid
f vGwv
f yfpmG ynmoif
,lvdkaom ausmif;om;vli,fwdkYtm; qlyltHk<uvmap&ef zdESdyfcs,fvS,folwdkYu zefwD;avhSdonf/ ausmif;om;wdkY
rsufpdxJwGif vrf;ray:wGif avvGifhaeaom uav;i,frsm;? tvkyfvufrJh vli,frsm;? wJpkwfuav;rsm;udk jrifvm&
onf/ tvkyo
f rm;? v,form;wdYk\ qeft;kd 0,f a[mif;avmif; jzpfaeonfukd jrifvm&onf/ csed YJ,rd ;f ,dik f a&m*gxlaeaom
tzd;k td?k tr,ftrkd sm;udk jrifvm&onf/ tcsKyfcef;? tcsKyfaxmifrS jynfow
l Ykd\ atmf[pfwikd Mf um;oHukd Mum;vm&onf/
zdESdyfrIatmuf kef;uefaeaom jynfolwdkY\ vIyfSm;oHudk Mum;vm&onf/ aoewfvSHpGyfrsm; tzsm;rS jynfolwdkY\
aoG;pufwYkdonf ausmif;om;vli,faoG;pufwYkdEiS hf yl;aygif; pD;qif;oGm;onf/ tmPm&ygwDwYkdonf jynfoEl iS hf ausmif;
om;xktm; wjcm;pD uGJjym;ap&ef cGJjcm;vmMuonf/ pepfwus jyifqifxm;aom enf;y&d,m,frsm;jzifh kyfzsuf
0ifa&muf vmMuonf/
(*) 1952 ausmif;om;tcGit

hf a&; umuG,af &;wdu
k yf JG
xdt
k csed u
f Armjynfausmif;om;tajctaeudk qef;ppfMunfv
h Qif ausmif;om;rsm;vdv
k m;csu?f awmif;qdck suf
rsm;udk wduspGm awGUSd&onf/ ynmoifMum;ydkifcGifhonf ausmif;om;rsm;\ t"dutcGifhta&; w&yf jzpfonf/
]vlhtcGifUta&; aMunmpmwrf;BuD;\ tydk'f (26) wGif taxGaxGvlrItjzpf azmfxkwf jy|mef;xm;onfrSm
vlwdkif;onf ynmoifMum;ydkifcGifU Sdap&rnf} [l jzpfayonf/
1947 EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya' tydk'f (33) wGifyif azmfjyxm;onfrSm]EdkifiHom;rsm;onf atmufyg tcGifUta&;rsm;udk &SdcHpm;Edkif&ef EdkifiHawmfonf 0g'xm;Sd xkd0g'twdkif;
aqmifGuf&rnf/}
tydk'fcGJ (C) wGif ]ynmoifMum;Edkifaom tcGifUta&;} [l ygSdonf/
odkYaomf ynmoifMum;ydkifcGifh vlYtcGifhta&;onf vufawGUwGif rnfonhftajctaewGif wnfSdoenf;/
Edik if t
H pd;k &u tcvGwf roifrae& ynmoifMum;ydik cf iG hf Oya'udk jy|mef;xm;aomfvnf; tcvGwf rlvwef;ausmif;rsm;
wGif 0ifa&muf oifMum;cGifh&aom ausmif;om;rsm;rSm Armjynf rlvwef;ausmif;om;OD;a& woef;cGJausmfESifh EdIif;,SOf
vQif vGepf mG enf;yg;vsuf So
d nfukd awGU&onf/ tcvGwrf v
l wef;ynmoifMum;cGirhf mS ,cifu (5) wef;txd oifMum;
Edik cf iG hf adS omfvnf; ,ck (4) wef; txdom ynmoifMum;Edik cf iG hf o
dS nf/ tpd;k &ausmif;rsm; 0ifa&muf ynmoifMum;cGihf
r&aom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf tvGwfynmoifausmif;rsm;wGif vcBuD;av;pGm ay; ynmoifMum;&onf/ tcsKdU
bmom&yf wckwGif 10d^- rS 30d^- txday; ynmoifaeMu&onf/ xkdausmif;rsm;yifvQif ausmif;taqmuftOD?
y&dabm* rvHak vmufraI Mumifh aemufEpS q
f v
kd Qif ausmif;om;rsm;tm; aemufxyf vufrcHEikd o
f nfh tajctaeodYk qdu
k af &muf
vsufSdonf/
EdkifiHtpdk;&\ ,refESpf bwf*sufudk MunfhvQifvnf; ppfwyf? tusOf;axmif? ykvdyf? tkyfcsKyfa&;wdkYwGif
oHk;aiG 22.6% ynma&;? usef;rma&;? jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;wGif 26.2% jzpfonf/ taxGaxGynma&;twGuf toHk;
jyKaom aiGrmS rajymyavmufonfukd awGUS&d onf/ taqmuftOD rvHak vmufr?I pmtkyif mS ;&ef rvHak vmufr?I vufawGU
u@wGif ypnf;ud&d,m rvHkavmufrIrsm; &ifqdkifae&onf/
aq;odyw
H iG v
f nf;aumif;? tif*sife,
D modyw
H iG v
f nf;aumif;? wuov
kd w
f iG v
f nf;aumif; ausmif;om;rsm;
jynfhodyfcg ynmoifMum;ae&onf/ ae&m&Sda&;twGuf tajy;tvTm; ausmif;wufaeMu&onf/
,ckESpf wuodkvfwGif ausmif;om;opfrsm;? ausmif;aqmifr&onfhtjzpf &ifqdkifcJhMu&onf/ wuorS
awmif;qdk aqmufvkyfqJausmif;aqmifrsm; NyD;oGm;vQifvnf; ausmif;tdyf? ausmif;pm;aevdkolESifh ausmif;om;OD;a&
rqhH jzpfaeOD;rnf/ ausmif;om;rsm;rSm o[m,ESihf pmzwfcef; vnf;aumif;? xrif;pm;cef; vnf;aumif; aexkid Mf u
372

&onf/ q&mrsm; rvHkavmufrI? pmMunfhwdkuf ynm&yfqdkif&mpmtkyfrsm; vHkavmufpGm rSdjcif;? tcsKdUpmtkyfrsm;rSm
jy|mef;xm;aomfvnf; 0,f,l r&Edkifjcif;ponfh jypfcsufrsm; awGU&onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;rSm bGJU& ausmif;rSxGuf
aomfvnf; ynmt&nftcsif;t& oifah wmfaomvkyif ef; r&MuonfrmS tqef;r[kwaf y/ ynmwwf tvkyv
f ufrrhJ sm;
waeYwjcm; wd;k yGm;vmayonf/ rEav;wuov
kd w
f iG f ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf aq;Hrk S?d &efuek w
f uov
kd w
f iG v
f nf;
ausmif;om;tenf;i,fuo
kd m vufcEH ikd af om aq;Hw
k ckom So
d nf/ aq;rvHak vmufraI Mumihf ,refEpS u
f raooifb
h J
aooGm;&aom udkapmMunf ('k-Oypm) udk MunfhvQif odEdkifonf/
txufyg rjynfhpHkrvHkavmufrIrsm;aMumihf ausmif;om;rsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;? epfemcsufrsm;? qHk;IH;aeaom
tcGit
hf a&;rsm;udk azmfxw
k
f wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ onf wuov
kd f Sad om bmom&yfqikd &f mtoif;tzGUJ rsm;? o[m,
ESifh pmzwftoif;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk zdwfac:aqG;aEG; vdkvm;csuf (22) csufudk azmfxkwfcg 30? 9? 52 &ufaeY
wGif wuodkvfaumifpDodkY wifjycJhonf/
awmif;qdck surf sm;udk &efuek w
f uov
kd o
f [m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGUJ csKyf 'kw,
d ESp0f uf nDvmcHBuD;rS
vnf;aumif;? waumif;ausmif;aqmif? oxHkausmif;aqmif? jynfausmif;aqmif? yJcl;ausmif;aqmif? ppfudkif;ausmif;
aqmif? tif;vsm;ausmif;aqmif? oD&ad usmif;aqmif ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;rsm;rS vnf;aumif;? &efuek w
f uov
kd f
tdEd,ausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;? &efukefwuodkvf ynmodyHausmif;olôm;rsm;toif;rS vnf;aumif;? wuo
awmif;qdkcsufudk axmufcHcJhMuonf/
'DZifbmv (20) &uf ausmif;om;aeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;BuD;rS awmif;qdkcsuf
(22) csuu
f kd wuorS aiGxed ;f udpk ed o
f if;u wifoiG ;f NyD; ausmif;om;xkBuD;w&yfv;kH u axmufccH MhJ uonf/ if;tpnf;
ta0;yGJ tNyD;wGif ausmif;om;xkBuD;onf t"dywdvrf;rBuD;rS &efukefwuodkvf bJGUESif;obifcef;rBuD;odkY csDwuf
qEjy axmufcHcJhonf/ ausmif;om;xk pnf;vHk;nDGwfrIaMumifh awmif;qdkcsufrsm; &SdcJhonf/
(C) 1952 Zlvikd v

f ausmif;aqmifvufcaH &;wdu
k yf JG
ausmif;rsm; jyefvnfzGifhvSpfvdkufaomtcgwGif ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tmPmydkifrsm;u rw&m;
jyefvnf kyfodrf;vmMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk zdESdyfcsKyfcs,f&ef BudK;pm;vmMuonf/ &efukefwuodkvfrSm qdkvQif
ausmif;aqmifrsm;odYk ausmif;om;rsm; vufco
H nfah e&mwGif uefYowfcsufrsm; trsKd;rsKd; jyKvkyv
f mMuonf/ &efuek Nf rdKU
ay:wGif aexdkifaom ausmif;om;rsm;? pepfa[mif;t& ajzqdkaom ausmif;om;rsm;? 'D*&D&NyD;aom ausmif;om;rsm;?
uefYowfxm;onhf cdik f (rEav;? aTb?kd rHk mG ? ausmufqnf? ppfuikd ;f ? rdwv
D m? armfvNrdKif) ponfwYkdrS ausmif;om;rsm;
udk &efukefwuodkvf vufrcH&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/ ausmif;aqmifOya' rvdkufemonfh ausmif;om;rsm;tm;(1) wuodkvfpmar;yGJrsm;udk ajzqdkcGifUray;jcif;
(2) 'D*&D&NyD;aom ausmif;om;jzpfygu 'D*&Dudk jyefvnfkyfodrf;jcif;
(3) ausmif;rS xkwfy,fjcif; ponfh tjypfay;rIrsKd;udk jyKvkyfvmMuonf/
ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif aexkid &f ef tcGit
hf a&;r&cJv
h Qif e,fraS usmif;om;rsm;onf rnfoYkd ausmif;wufawmh
rnfenf;/ xko
d Ykd ausmif;om;tusKd;ESihf qefYusifaom ausmif;aqmifvufcaH &; Oya'udk ref;wuov
kd o
f r* trIaqmif
tzGUJ onf &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;or*EiS hf yl;aygif;wdu
k yf 0JG ifco
hJ nf/ wuov
kd pf mar;yGaJ tmifaom ausmif;om;rsm;
tm; uefYowfjcif;rSb
d J &efuek w
f uov
kd f ausmif;aqmifrsm; vufc&H ef? ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;udv
k nf; cGjJ cm;rIrSb
d J
ausmif;aqmifwiG f vufc&H ef? vdt
k yfonfah e&mrsm;wGif ,m,DwrJ sm; aqmufvyk af y;&ef? Zlvikd v
f (15) &ufaeYwiG f pwifNyD;
oifMum;ydYck s&mwGif ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjypfay;rnf[o
l nfh tcsuu
f kd y,fzsuaf y;&ef paom awmif;qkcd surf sm;udk oufqidk &f m
tmPmydkifrsm;xH ta&;qkdwdkufyGJ0ifcJh&m ausmif;om;xk nDGwfa&;tm;aMumifh vdkvm;csufrsm; &mEIef;jynfh&cJhonf/
(i) 1953-54 wuoa&G;aumufyJG

xkad eYaG;aumufyw
JG iG f wd;k wufEiS hf 'Dtufpt
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dS mNyD;aemuf pnf;a0;Muonf/ tpnf;ta0;BuD;rS
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(1) NyD;cJhaom aG;aumufyGJonf w&m;0ifaG;aumufyGJ r[kwf/
(2) qdk ,
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jcif; rjyK&ef/
377
(3) ppfNyD;acwf wuoOu|a[mif;rsm;u BuD;rSL;NyD; aG;aumufyGJusif;y ay;&ef/
(4) Identity Card rsm; rJrvdrfEdkif&ef aG;aumufyGJtrD xkwfay;xm;&ef/
(5) pufwifbmv (15) &uf rwdkifrD aG;aumufyGJusif;y&ef qHk;jzwfcJhonf/
w&m;rQwaom wuoaG;aumufyJG tjrefq;kH aqmifu
G af y;&ef ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;yGrJ sm;udk Mo*kwv
f
(31) &ufaeYnu oxHk? yJcl;? yif;,? ppfudkif;? '*Hk ausmif;aqmifrsm; usif;yMu\/ 1? 9? 53 &ufaeYwGif aTbdk
aqmif vnf;aumif;? 2? 9? 53 &ufaeYwGif tif;0ausmif;aqmif vnf;aumif; usif;yonf/ if;toif;tzGJUrsm;u
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k m;rIrsm;udk xkwaf zmf
&eftwGuf Mum;umvtwGif;0,f igwdkY o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;ay:wGif wm0efusa&mufvsufSdNyD[k igwdkY
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tpnf;ta0;yGw
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6/ aTbdkaqmif
378
7/ '*Hkaqmif
8/ jynfaqmif
9/ waumif;aqmif
10/ aq;odyHaqmif
11/ tif;vsm;aqmif
12/ oD&daqmif
(2)
ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;yGjJ zpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD
xkwfjyefaMunmcsuftrSwf (1)
,ckvwfwavm ausmif;om;rsm;ta&; tvGefw&m IyfaxG;aeonfudk wuoaG;aumufyGJ tvsiftjref

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wGif yif;,ausmif;aqmif Ou| udkomausmfu obmywdtjzpf aqmifGuf oxHkausmif;aqmif twGif;a&;rSL;
udak rmifarmifBuD;u twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmifu
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tpnf;ta0; wufa&mufaom taqmifrsm;

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2/ aTbdkaqmif
3/ tif;0aqmif
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6/ yif;,aqmif
7/ waumif;aqmif
8/ jynfausmif;aqmif
9/ tif;vsm;aqmif
10/ oD&daqmif
11/ aq;odyHausmif;aqmif wkdYjzpfonf/
379
(3)
w&m;rQwaom aG;aumufyJG jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf nEd idI ;f MupdYk
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&efuek w
f uov
kd f wd;k wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk aMunmcsuf
wuoaG;aumufyGJ tjrefqHk;usif;ya&;oabmxm;
&Jabmf ausmif;olôm;taygif;wdkhMo*kwv
f (28) &ufaeYwiG u
f sif;ycJah om &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* aG;aumufyo
JG nf rw&m;
rI? vdrfvnfrIaMumifh ysufqD;oGm;cJhayonf/ aG;aumufyGJysufNyD; ,cktcsdefxd (15) &uf twGif;Mo*kwfv (28) &ufaeY nu usif;yaom ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJ/
o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;toD;oD;\ ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJrsm;/
pufwifbmv (3) &ufaeYu ,k'oefcef;r usif;yaom ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJ/
pufwifbmv (8) &ufaeYu usif;yaom &efuek w
f uov
kd f aeYausmif;olôm;toif;\ pnf;a0;yGrJ sm;u
]w&m;rQwaomaG;aumufyGJudk tjrefqHk;pdppfNyD; acwfa[mif;Ou|a[mif;rsm;u OD;pD;usif;y&ef} awmif;qdkqHk;jzwf
cJah yonf/ odYk aomf ausmif;om;xkBuD;\ aeYpOfEiS t
hf rQ awmif;qdq
k ;kH jzwfcsufwYkd ukd vH;k 0rvdu
k ef mbJ wuoOu|
a[mif; udu
k Bkd uD;onf wuoaG;aumufyJG t&mSt
d jzpfrS z,fray;Hrk Qru aG;aumufyu
JG kd pnf;rsOf;t& olomvQif
usif;yrnf[k qdck o
hJ nf/ wzef wuov
kd yf garmucsKyf? OD;pdev
f ?S OD;&efa0;? rGepf v
H iId w
f Ykd EiS hf aG;aumufyu
JG sif;yrnf[k
xyf aMunmjyefonf/
wuo pnf;rsOf;wGif aG;aumufyGJudk Ou|a[mif;u OD;pD;usif;y&rnf[k qdkcJhayonf/ tcsufonf
rSeaf yonf/ odYkaomf Ou|a[mif;\ rw&m;rIaMumifh aG;aumufyJG ysujf ym;oGm;&ayonf/ odYkaG;aumufyJG ysujf ym;
oGm;NyD;aemuf rnfuJhodkY aqmifGuf&rnfqdkaomtcsufudk wuopnf;rsOf;wGif vHk;0ryg0ifcJhacs/ pnf;rsOf;wGif
ryg0ifcahJ omf rnfoYkd aqmifu
G cf MhJ uoenf;/ wuo\ aG;aumufyt
JG pOftvmudk Munfh
I aqmifu
G &f ayonf/
wuoaG;aumufyGJ tpOftvmt& 1946 ckwGif trIaqmifa[mif;rsm;ESifh Mum;ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;u OD;pD;usif;y
cJh&ayonf/ um; tpOftvmoabmt& jzpfayonf/ odkYaomf odkYrvkyfbJ igomqdkifonf[k qdkcJhonf/
wzef odkYtpOftvm rvdkufemcJhaomf wuowGif tmPmtykdifqHk;jzpfaom tvkyftpnf;ta0;yGJudk
ac:,lay;&ef jzpfonf/ xkt
d pnf;ta0;rSae w&m;rQwaom aG;aumufyjJG zpfa&;twGuf ausmif;om;xkoabmudk
,l wduspGm qHk;jzwf&rnf jzpfonf/ &mZ0ifjyefMunfhvQif b,fwdkif;jynfrSm jzpfjzpf pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESifh pyfvsOf;
tusyftwnf;awGUvQif vlxk\qEudk,lonfh (Referendum) tpSdonfudk vkyf&onf/ odkYvkyf&jcif;onf
b,fwikd ;f jynf b,ftzGUJ tpnf;jzpfjzpf vlxo
k mvQif tmPmtydik q
f ;kH jzpfaejcif;aMumifjh zpfonf/ ,ckvnf; wuo
tjzpftysufESifh ywfouf tmPmtydkifqHk;jzpfonfh tvkyftpnf;ta0;ac: qE,l&ef oifhayonf/
odYk aomf aG;aumufyt
JG &mSo
d nf wuopnf;rsO;f wGif rjynfph akH omtcsuu
f kd tpOftvmt&vnf;aumif;?
pnf;rsOf;t&vnf;aumif;? jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfygvsuf aG;aumufyGJudk igwOD;wnf;omqdkifonf[k uyfaeum bmrS
rvkyfbJ aecJhonf/ odkYaecJhjcif;jzifh wOD;ESifhwOD; aG;aumufyGJudk tcsif;rsm;apum wuoudk tmPmydkifrsm;?
tpd;k &tzGUJ rsm;u 0ifwm;qD;&ef tcsdeq
f jJG cif;jzifh atmufwb
kd m ausmif;ydw&f uftwGuf bmrSrvkyEf ikd b
f J Ed0k ifbmrS
om usif;y&ef pDpOfaejcif; jzpfayonf/
uREkfyfwdkh\ oabmxm;um;,cktcsdefwGif rnfodkYyifjzpfap? wuoaG;aumufyGJ jzpfajrmufa&;onf tjrefqHk; vdktyfvsufSdacsNyD/
tb,faMumifhenf;(1) aemuf (15) &uf MumvQif atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufodkY a&mufSdawmhrnfjzpf&m ausmif;wvydwfa&;onf
ausmif;olôm;wdkif;\ vdktyfcsuf jzpfayonf/ xkdvdktyfcsufonf wuorSae ta&;wBuD;aqmifGuf
ay;&rnf jzpf\/ wuo rzGJUpnf;&ao;vQif vHk;0raqmifGufEdkif jzpf\/
(2) ,aeY wuoESifhywfouf tcsif;jzpfyGm;rIwdkYonf aG;aumufyGJBuD;NyD;u tjrefqHk; Sif;vif;oGm;rnf jzpf\/
(3) avmavmq,f ausmif;om;rsm; vufawGUepfemaeaom epfemcsufrsm;onf ausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfvHk;udk
udk,fpm;jyKonfh wuoSdrSom jzpfEdkifayonf/
(4) wuotaeESifh pifNydKif (2) ck jzpfay:a&;udk vHk;0 rvdkvm;ay/
txufygtcsuf (4) csufwYkd aMumifh wd;k wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pkonf aG;aumufyt
JG &mSd udu
k Bkd uD;
tay: vHk;0t,HktMunfrSdaomfvnf;? usef ygarmucsKyf? OD;pdefvS (Ou|a[mif;)? OD;&efa0; (Ou|a[mif;)ESifh
381
rGepf v
H iId f (0wfvakH wmf&) wdYk \ *kPo
f u
d m udk av;pm;aomtm;jzifh udu
k Bkd uD;\ aMunmcsuftwdik ;f atmufwb
dk mv
ausmif;ydwf&uf rwdkifrDtwGif; tjrefqHk;usif;yay;&ef jzpfonf/ odkYusif;y&mvnf;(1) Identity Card rsm;ESifh rJay;&ef?
(2) Membership Card rsm;udk toif;0ifwdkif;\ vufxJodkY ta&mufay;tyfxm;&ef?
(3) Ballot Card rsm;ay:wGif aG;aumufyGJt&mSdESifh BuD;Muyfoltm;vHk;\ vufrSwfxkd;&ef?
(4) taG;cHol udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ qE,l&ef/
txufygtcsufwdkYtm; aqmifGufvQif wdk;wufaomtiftm;pkrS vufcH&rnfjzpfaMumif;/
&efukefwuodkvf
wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk
aMunmcsuf (4) csufukd Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh ]w&m;rQwaom wuoaG;aumufyJG tjrefq;kH usi;f yay;avmU}
awmif;qdkaeMuayonf/ ausmif;om;xku OD;pD;usif;yrnfavm? udkudkBuD;u OD;pD;usif;yrnfavm/
ausmif;om;xku OD;pD;usif;yvQif aG;aumufyGJ (2) rsKd; jzpfvmrnf/ ESpfydkif;uGJoGm;vQif 'Dtufpftdkrsm;onf
vlrsm;pkaxmufcHrIrvdkbJ xifovdk jyKusifhEdkifMuayrnf/ pdwfBudKuftrIaqmiftzGJUudk aG;cs,fMuayrnf/
xkdYaMumifh ausmif;om;xkonf udkudkBuD; OD;pD;usif;yaom aG;aumufyGJ0ifMurnf[k vufcHvdkufMuonf/
ESpyf ikd ;f uGu
J kd apmif
h trIaqmif&mxl;tm; tacsmifqEJG u
dI &f ef 'Dtufpt
f w
kd YkdtwGuf [moGm;onf/ xkt
d cg udu
k Bkd uD;onf
aG;aumufyGJwGif ESpfzuftjiif;yGm;rIudk tcGifhaumif;,lum aG;aumufyGJ usif;yrnfh&ufudk twwfEdkifqHk;aTUqdkif;&ef
tMuHjyKvmonf/ aG;aumufyGJ tjrefqHk;jzpfa&; vrf;rBuD;ay:wGif csDwufvmaom ausmif;om;xkBuD;tm; wm;qD;
ydwfyifaeacsNyD/ atmufwdkbm ausmif;ydwf&uf eD;uyfvmacsrnf/
(ps) 1953 atmufwb

kd mta&;tcif; jzpfay:ykH
ppfBudKacwfwGif vnf;aumif;? ppfNyD;acwfwGif vnf;aumif; &efukefwuodkvfonf tpOftvmtm;jzifh
ZGev
f wGif ausmif;pzGio
hf nf/ yxrESp0f ufNyD;aomtcg atmufwb
kd m ausmif;wvydwaf y;onf/ 'kw,
d ESp0f uftwGuf
Edk0ifbmwGif jyefzGifhum? 'DZifbmwGif c&prwftwGuf (10) &uf ydwfay;onf/ rwfvwGif twef;wifpmar;yGJrsm;udk
usif;yay;onf/ ppfNyD;acwfwGif ZGefv aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJrsm;udk usif;yay;onf/ zGifh&uf? ydwf&uf? pmar;yGJ
usif;y&ufonf tpOftvmjzpfonf/ wuodkvfrS q&m? q&mrrsm;? ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf
tqifajyaeaom vdktyfaomydwf&ufrsm; jzpfonf/
1953 apmapmydik ;f wGif wuov
kd t
f mPmykid rf sm;u ,ckEpS w
f iG f atmufwb
kd mv (15) &ufom ausmif;ydwf
rnf[k aMunmcJo
h nf/ xko
d Ykd aMunmpOfu ausmif;ydw&f ufEiS hf a0;ao;ojzifh ausmif;wvydwaf &;udk vdv
k m;Muaomf
vnf; ausmif;om;xku rnfodkYrS rzGifh[cJhao;ay/ tmPmydkifrsm;u pmoifcsdef ykd&ap&ef[laom taMumif;jycJhonf/
wuoaG;aumufyu
JG kd &efuek w
f uov
kd f Mo*kwv
f (28) &ufwiG f vnf;aumif;? ref;wuov
kd f pufwif
bmv (7) &ufwiG f vnf;aumif; usi;f ycJo
h nf/ 'Dtufpt
f kd ausmif;om;rsm;onf rJq,
G yf w
JG iG f atmufwb
kd m ausmif;wv
ydwaf &; aqmifu
G af y;rnf[k ajymcJo
h nf/ odYk aomf 'Dtufpt
f kd ausmif;om;rsm;u aG;aumufyw
JG iG f tEdik rf &cJo
h w
l Ykd tm;
ausmif;om;xku wGef;uefz,fSm; aeacsNyD/ vufrcHMuawmhay/
382
odhk
ygarmucsKyf
&efukefwuodkvf
aeYpGJ- 22? 9? 53
udp/
/ atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfay;&ef awmif;qdkjcif;/
ygarmucsKyfcifAsm;21? 9? 53 &ufaeY? nae (4) em&DcGJtcsdefwGif wuo tpnf;ta0;cef;rBuD; &efukefwuodkvfSd

o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rsm;? cdik t
f oif;rsm;? bmom&yfqikd &f m toif;rsm;? vlrsKd;pktoif;rsm;ESihf Edik if jH cm;om;
ausmif;om;toif;aygif;pHkwdkY\ tpnf;ta0;udk usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/
if;tpnf;ta0;yGJwGif obmywdtjzpf aTbdkaqmifrS udkwifaT (o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf
'k-Ou|) u aqmifu
G Nf yD; twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf yJc;l aqmifrS (o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGUJ csKyf twGi;f a&;rSL;)
udkwifxGef;u aqmifGufygonf/
if;tpnf;ta0;yGBJ uD;odYk wufa&mufvmMuaom atmufazmfjyyg toif;tzGUJ ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;u tm;vH;k
wnDwGwf oabmwlnpD mG atmufwb
kd m ausmif;wvydwaf y;&ef (atmufwb
kd mv w&ufrpS ) av;av;euf
euf awmif;qdkvdkufygaMumif;/
o[m,ESifUpmzwftoif;
o[m,ESifUpmzwftoif;
(1) tif;0
(5) aTbdk
(9) wDwDpD
(2) yif;,
(6) oxHk
(10) aq;odyH
(3) ppfudkif;
(7) '*kH
(11) oD&d
(4) yJcl;
(8) waumif;
(12) tif;vsm;
cdkiftoif;
(1) rauG;
(2) rif;bl;
(3) o&uf
(4) ykodrf
(5) yJcl;
(6) [oFmw
(7) rdwDvm
(8) aTbdk
(9) ajrmif;jr
(10) &rnf;oif;
(11) jynf
(12) armfvNrdKiftoif;
(13) csif;wGif;toif;
(14) xm;0,ftoif;
ausmif;om;a[mif;
(1) NrdKUr
(2) pdef*Ref;
(3) pdefar&D
vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;
(1) &cdkifausmif;olôm;rsm;toif;
(2) awmifay:csif;or*
(3) Srf;jynfausmif;olôm;rsm;or*
bmom&yfqdkif&mtoif;
(1) &mZ0iftoif;
(2) abm*aA'
(3) ocsFm
(4) lyaA'
(5) owaA'
(6) rEkaA'
(4) ucsifjynfe,fausmif;om;or*
(5) xm;0,fausmif;om;rsm;toif;
(7) jyifopfbmom
(8) bDtufpD (opfawm)
(9) ynmodyHausmif;om;rsm;
383
EdkifiHjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;toif;
(1) tdEd,ausmif;olôm;rsm;toif; (2) wkwfausmif;olôm;rsm;toif;
toif;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;
(1) ausmif;om;opftcGifhta&;awmif;qdkrIaumfrwD
(2) wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk
ausmif;om;ta&;atmif&rnf
(wifxGef;)
twGif;a&;rSL;
toif;aygif;pHktzGJYpnf;a0;yGJ
&efukefwuodkvf
odhk
ygarmucsKyf
&efukefwuodkvf
rS
Ou| (52-53)
aG;aumufyGJt&mSd
wuo (&efukefwuokdvfausmif;om;rsm;or*)
aeYpGJ- 22? 9? 53
taMumif;t&m / / atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;udp jyefvnfpOf;pm;ay;&ef/
uRefawmfwdkY\ awmif;qdkxm;csufudk 23? 9? 53 aeY? n ygarmursm; tpnf;ta0;wGif wifjyaqG;aEG;
pOf;pm;qHk;jzwf vdkufavsmyg&ef xyfrH awmif;yefEdI;aqmfjcif; tpD&ifcHtyfygonf/
1/
uRefawmf\ ausmif;wvydwfa&;awmif;qdkcsufudk 23? 9? 53 aeY ygarmursm;tpnf;ta0;wGif wifjy
aqG;aEG;rnf[k odSd&ygonf/
2/
odkYaomfvnf; ,aeY 22? 9? 53 aeYwGif? aeYvnf (12) em&Dtcsdefu wuocef;rwGif wdk;wufaom
ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; OD;pD;usif;yonfh tpnf;ta0;rS uRefawmf\ awmif;qdkcsufESifh tvm;wl
qHk;jzwfcsufjzpfaom ausmif; (1) vydwfa&;udk qHk;jzwfawmif;qdkonf[k odSd&ygonf/
3/
xdt
k pnf;ta0;onf wuopnf;rsOf;Oya' yk'rf (13)? tyd'k f (2)? tyd'k if ,f (1) t& vH;k 0qefYusifvsuf
wuo txl;tpnf;ta0; r[kwfbJ wdk;wufaomausmif;om;rsm; tpnf;ta0;omvQif jzpfaomfjim;
vnf; wuotpnf;ta0; [efaqmifvsuf ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk qHk;jzwfawmif;qdkjcif;? pDwef;vSnfh
vnfjcif;ponfh wuopnf;rsOf;ESifh tusKH;r0ifonfh vkyfief;rsm;udkvkyfonf[k vlBuD;rif;rsm;u ,lq
vsuf uRefawmfh ausmif;wvydwfa&;udkyif aqG;aEG;pOf;pm;vdrfhrnf r[kwf[k pdk;&drfrdygonf/
4/
uRefawmfudk,fwdkifvnf; ,aeYeHeuf (8) em&DwGif if;wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; yg0if
onfh tzGUJ tpnf;aygif;pHk tpnf;ta0;w&yfac:qd
k ausmif;wvydwaf &;udp rnfrQc&D;a&mufaeNyD;vQif?
if;wdkYtm; w&m;r0ifaom ,aeYtpnf;ta0;udk rjyKvkyf&ef wm;jrpfcJhygonf/
5/
odkYyg xkdwdk;wufaom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; y&rf;ywmjyKrItwGuf rnfodkYrQ tmCmwrxm;bJ
uRefawmf\ ausmif;wvydwfa&; awmif;qdkcsufudk aqG;aEG;pOf;pm; qHk;jzwfcsufcsvsuf vdkufavsmay;
yg&ef txl;av;pm;pGm arwm&yfcH awmif;yeftyfygaMumif;/
udkudkBuD;
Ou|
(52-53) wuo
384
&efuek w
f uov
kd f 'Dru
kd &ufwpfausmif;om;rsm;tzGYJ aMunmcsuf
ausmif;olôm;taygif;wdkhuREkfyfwdkY 'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUrS 3? 9? 53 aeY wuocef;r usif;ycJhaom ausmif;om;xk
tpnf;ta0;rS ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;ESifh ywfoufaom atmufygtcsufrsm;udk awmif;qdkcJhonf/
(1) ausmif;wvydwfa&;?
(2) aq;odyaH usmif;om;rsm;twGuf aqmufvyk q
f jJ zpfaom ausmif;aqmifwaqmiftjyif aemufxyfausmif;aqmif
wckukd aq;odyaH usmif;teD; jynfvrf;ESihf pde*f Ref;vrf;axmifh dS ajruGuv
f yfay: tjrefq;kH aqmufvyk af y;&ef?
(3) 25 rSwfay;pepfESifh 10-10-10-70 pepf (tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;twGuf) zsufodrf;ay;&ef?
(4) ausmif;q&mrsm;udk vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUcefYxm;ay;&ef?
(5) ausmif;aqmifc 60d^- rS 50d^- txd avQmhcsay;&ef/
txufyg awmif;qkdcsufrsm;teuf atmufazmfjyyg tcsufrsm;udk qdkif&mrS vdkufavsmavonf/
(1) aq;odyaH usmif;om;rsm;twGuf aqmufvyk q
f jJ zpfaom ausmif;aqmif waqmiftjyif aemufxyf ausmif;aqmif
wckudk aq;odyHteD; jynfvrf;ESifh pdef*Ref;vrf;axmifhSd ajruGufvyfay:wGif tjrefqHk; aqmufvkyfay;rnf/
(2) tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;twGuf 10-10-10-70 pepf zsufodrf;ay;rnf/
(3) ausmif;q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUcefYxm;ay;rnf/ ,ckvnf; cefYaeqJjzpfonf/
(4) aemufxyf ausmif;aqmiftopf (6) aqmif wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfay;rnf/
tjcm;usefadS eaom awmif;qdck sufrsm;udv
k nf; &uftenf;i,ftwGi;f taumiftxnfazmfEikd af &;twGuf
uREfkyfwdkYtzGJUrS BudK;pm; aqmifGufqJjzpfaMumif;/
atmif&rnf
trIaqmiftzGYJ
'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;rsm;tzGJY
&efukefwuodkvf
odkYjzifh ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk awmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf; ausmif; (15) &ufom ydwfrnf[k wuodkvf
tmPmydkifrsm; (qdkS,fvpf0efBuD;rsm;? BudK;udkifEdkifolrsm; yg0ifonf) u ZGwfwif;cHjcif;onf acgif;aqmifrsm;tm;
qlylvIYHaqmfolrsm;tjzpf taMumif;jyzrf;qD;rnf? ausmif;xkwfypfrnf/ xkdtcg 'Dtufpftdkausmif;om;rsm;om usefcJh
onf/ ausmif;om;nDGwfa&; ysufqD;oGm;atmif jyKvkyfaeonf/
armfvNrKdiw
f uov
kd f ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; ud,
k pf m;vS,af pvTw
f atmufwb
kd m ausmif;wvydwaf &;udk
awmif;qdck o
hJ nf/ ref;wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*rS 12? 9? 53 &ufaeYwiG f ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;yGw
J &yftm;
cef;raqmifopfwGifusif;yum awmif;qdkcsuf (22) csufwGif ausmif;wvydwfa&;awmif;qdkcsuf yg0ifcJhonf/ 18?
9? 53 &ufaeYwiG f aTref;rde;f uav;aqmif? &wemyHak qmifEiS hf jynfawmfom (3) aqmif yl;wGt
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23? 9? 53 &ufaeYwGif &efukefwuodkvf bGJUESif;obifcef;raqmifwGif qD;edwf (Senate) tpnf;ta0;
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385
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386

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ayonf/ wpwp odkY wuodkvfynmoifMum;a&; 0ifa&mufpGufzufEdkif&ef tcsuftcsmae&mrsm;udk vlpm;xkd;&ef
MuHpnfaeayonf/ aemufq;kH ygarmucsKyf ae&m vlpm;xd;k jcif;? ygarmucsKyftmPmudk uefYowf&ef MuHqMuonf/
wzef wuodkvf toHk;p&dwfrsm;twGufvnf; wuodkvfynma&;onf vTrf;rdk;cs,fvS,f cHae&ayonf/
wuov
kd t
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I wGuf wuov
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I zGUJ udk zGUJ xm;onf/ xkt
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aom aiGtm;vkH;udk wuodkvfrsm;odkY cGJa0ay;onf/ xdkYaemufwGifum; xdktzGJUonf vnf;aumif;? tpdk;&tzGJUonf
vnf;aumif;? 0ifa&mufpGufzufrI uif;vGwfayawmhonf/
xkd&uf rwdkifrDu 29? 9? 53 &ufwGif qEjy oydwfarSmufMuonf/
ausmif;wvydwfa&;twGuf nDnDGwfGwfqEjyMu
&Jabmfausmif;om;taygif;wdkhatmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;twGuf ausmif;om;xkBuD;w&yfvHk;ESifh ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;?
ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;uyg awmif;qdck MhJ uayonf/ odYk aomf w&m;rQwonfh awmif;qdck suu
f kd wuov
kd t
f yk cf sKyfa&;
tzGUJ onf vH;k 0rvdu
k af vQmbJ wif;rm aecJah yonf/ odYk wif;rmaeonft
h wGuf 26? 9? 53 &ufaeYwiG f wuo
taqmuftOD tzGUJ aygif;pHk BuD;rSL;usif;yum ausmif;om;xktpnf;a0;yGBJ uD;rS ausmif;om;ôl wdik ;f qEukd xkwaf zmf
&eftwGuf 29? 9? 53 &uf? t*FgaeY ausmif;olôm;wdik ;f ausmif;wvydwaf &;twGuf ausmif;vH;k 0rwufbJ qEjy&ef
qHk;jzwfcsufcscJhonf/
ausmif;wvydwfa&;onf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ ta&;jzpfonf/ xkdausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; ta&;udk
ausmif;om;ôlwdkif; nDGwfpGm vufwGJwdkufcdkuf,lrS atmifjrifrnfjzpf&m ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk vdkvm;aom
ausmif;om;ôlwdkif; 29? 9? 53 &ufaeYwGif vHk;0ausmif;rwufbJ qEjyMu&ef arwm&yfcHygaMumif;/
ausmif;om;ta&; atmifjrif&rnf
1/ ppfudkif;aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;
2/ yif;,aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;
3/ tif;0aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;
4/ yJcl;aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;
5/ oxHkaqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;
6/ '*Hkaqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;
7/ aTbdkaqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;
8/ waumif;aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;
9/ jynfaqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;
10/ oD&daqmiff o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;
11/ wD? wD? pDaqmiff o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;
12/ tif;vsm;aqmiff o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;
13/ aeYausmif;olôm;rsm;toif;
14/ [Hom0wDcdkif ausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
15/ aTbdkcdkifausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
389
16/ rtlyifcdkifausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
17/ csif;wGif;cdkifrsm;toif;
18/ zsmyHkcdkifrsm;toif;
19/ ykodrfcdkifrsm;toif;
20/ rif;bl;cdkifrsm;toif;
21/ ajrmif;jrcdkifrsm;toif;
22/ [oFmwcdkifrsm;toif;
23/ yckuLcdkifrsm;toif;
24/ Nrdwfcdkifrsm;toif;
25/ rEav;cdkifrsm;toif;
26/ arNrdKUcdkifrsm;toif;
27/ yJcl;cdkifrsm;toif;
28/ o&ufcdkifrsm;toif;
29/ rauG;cdkifrsm;toif;
30/ ysOf;rem;cdkifrsm;toif;
31/ tif;pdefcdkifrsm;toif;
32/ rdwDvmcdkifrsm;toif;
33/ awmifilcdkifrsm;toif;
34/ awmifay:csif; ausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
35/ xm;0,fausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
36/ &cdkifausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
37/ u&ifausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
38/ wkwfausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
39/ pdefaygausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
40/ b&m;om;ESifh uGefYAifhausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
41/ NrdKUrausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
42/ pdef*Ref;? pdefar&Dausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
43/ vStvGwfynmoifausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
44/ ulSifausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
45/ ausmufajrmif;ausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
46/ &mZ0iftoif;
47/ jyifopfpmaytoif;
48/ rEkaA'toif;
49/ blrdaA'toif;
50/ abm*aA'toif;
51/ 0gPdZaA'toif;
52/ yx0Dtoif;
53/ lyaA'toif;
54/ ocsFmtoif;
55/ ynmodyHausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
56/ opfawmodyHausmif;om;ôlrsm;toif;
57/ ausmif;om;opftcGifhta&;awmif;qdka&;aumfrwD
58/ &efukefwuodkvfwdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk
59/ &efukefwuodkvfoefYSif;aomausmif;om;xk
60/ &efukefwuodkvftrsKd;om;'Drdku&ufwpftiftm;pk
390

odYkjzifh toif;aygif; (60) ausmo
f nf ausmif;rsm;ydwaf &;twGuf 29? 9? 53 &ufwiG f nDw
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tvm;wl ref;wuodkvfvnf; rwuorS OD;pD; 28? 9? 53 &ufaeY? (12) em&DrS jycJhonf/ ausmif;om;
rsm;onf bwfpfum;BuD; (13) pD;jzifh vSnfhvnfMuonf/
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onf/ um;wef;BuD;rsm;onf NrdKUxJrS ausmif;odYk jyefvn
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hf monf/ um;OD;wGif ausmif;om;wdYk \ cGyaf 'gif;tvHonf
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onf/ teDxrJ S cGyaf 'gif;\[efrmS ppfzufNydKifaeonfyh rm ausmif;om;xkonf zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf rI sm;Mum;rS vl;vGeYfek ;f uef
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H nf
csDwufaeaom ausmif;om;xk\ ppfcsDoHyifjzpfonf/
29? 9? 53 &uf? aeYvnf (2) em&DwiG f aq;aumvdyaf usmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;jyKvyk af vonf/ udak tmifxeG ;f u
ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk wifjyonf/ obmywd udkvSbl;u rydwfoifhaMumif; wifjyonf/ udkatmifxGef;u tus,f
Si;f vif; tqdw
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f nf/ trIaqmif
tzGJUu raqmifGuf&J wdkuf&JolwdkYu qufvuf aqmifGuf&ef qHk;jzwfonf/
30? 9? 53 &uf? eHeuf (11) em&DwGif tif*sifeD,maumvdyf ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/
atmufwdkbm (1) &ufaeYrS (17) &ufaeY txd vufawGUoifwef;qif;&efudk zsuf vHk;0rqif;bJ ausmif;wv
ydwf&efESifh atmufwdkbm (1) &ufaeY? eHeuf (8) em&DwGif qEjyvSnfhvnfMu&ef qHk;jzwfonf/
30? 9? 53 &uf aeYvnf (12) em&DwiG f &mZ0ifcef;raqmifopfwiG f ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/
obmywdtjzpf udktkef;BudKifu aqmifGuf tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf udkomEdk;u aqmifGufonf/ ausmif;wvydwfa&;
tqdkudk udkatmifjrifhu tus,fw0ifh wifoGif;NyD; udkausmfOD;ESifh udkwifOD;u axmufcHonf/ tcsdefwGif 'Dtufpftdk
udo
k ef;wif? udak rmifarmifBuD;ESihf udak |;atmifazwdYku uefYuu
G Mf uonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH rdrw
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(1) vydwaf &;tm; wcJeuf axmufcaH qG;aEG;MupOf 'Dtufpt
f kd (2) OD;? (3) OD;u 0ifa&mufzsuq
f ;D aomtcg ausmif;om;xk
BuD;u qlnHpGmatmf[pfNyD; 'Dtufpftdkrsm;udk tpnf;ta0;yGJrSxGufoGm;&ef awmif;qdkavonf/ 'Dtufpftdkrsm; tSuf
wuGJ xGuo
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kd m ausmif;wvydwfa&; aqmifGufa&;
aumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;Muonf/ atmufwdkbm (1) &ufaeYrS p ausmif;rwuf&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufMuonf/
armfvNrdKifaumvdyfrS ausmif;om;xkuvnf; atmufwdkbmvwGif (1) vvHk; ausmif;rwufMu&ef wnDw
Gwfwnf; qHk;jzwfvdkufMuonf/ atmufwdkbm (1) &ufrS (15) &uftxd (350) pvHk; rnfolrQ ausmif;rwufMu
awmhay/
30? 9? 53 &uf? nae (4) em&DwGif 0efBuD;csKyf OD;EktdrfwGif OD;Eku zdwfac: &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;
or*trSL;jyKonfh &efukefwuodkvf toif;tzGJUaygif;pHk udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh OD;Eku wuodkvft"dywdtaeESifh
awGUqHkonf/ wufa&mufolrsm;rSm ygarmucsKyf a'gufwmxifatmifESifh tzGJUaygif;pHkudk,fpm;vS,f udkwifxGef;?
udak tmifjrif?h wuoud,
k pf m;vS,f udu
k Bkd uD;? udak tmifbef;? wd;k wufaom ausmif;om;xk ud,
k pf m;vS,f udak usmNf idr;f ESihf
udv
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JG iG f udak tmifbef;u ausmif;wvydwaf &;udpu
kd ajymjyonf/ OD;Eku 'gawG
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jzpfaMumif; ajymonf/ OD;Eku qufvuf ausmif;om;awGwiG f *g&0w&m;enf;yg;ae 0rf;enf;aMumif;? *g&0w&m;
Sd&rnfhtaMumif;udk tus,fw0ifh ajymjyonf/ wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pk udk,fpm;vS,f udkausmfNidrf;u
ausmif;om;rsm;onf q&mrdbwdYk tay:wGif xm;St
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391
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Uf nfvmaom
tif*sief ,
D mausmif;om;rsm;
392

ajymjyNyD;? OD;EkrdefYMum;csufudk axmufcHajymqdkonf/ udkausmfNidrf;u wzef ausmif;wvydwfa&; udpu
dk xyfrHwifjy
onf/ ausmif;wvydwfa&;udpudk ausmif;om;rsm;\ qEudk,lNyD; jyKvkyf&ef? pnf;urf;wckvkyfvQif ausmif;om;?
ausmif;q&m? tmPmydkif oHk;OD; wdkifyifndEIdif;jyKvkyf&ef? (New System) vkyfpOfuvnf; ausmif;om;qE,l vkyfcJh
atmifjrifcyhJ u
kH kd Oyrmxm; ajymjyonf/ wOD;\ em;vnfoabmaygufru
I kd r,lbJ wOD;u vkycf v
hJ Qif atmifjrifrnf
r[kwaf Mumif; ajymjyonf/ wGif OD;Eku tvkyo
f rm;rsm; tvkycf sdeyf v
kd yk &f vQif oydwaf rSmufonfukd oabmayguf
aMumif;? ausmif;om;rsm; pmoifcsdef yd&k atmifvyk o
f nfukd vufrcHjcif;udk em;rvnfaMumif; ajymjyonf/ udak usmfNidr;f
u ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk vufrcHjcif;rSm pmroifvdk r[kwfaMumif;? aS;acwfuESifh rwlawmhbJ
ppfNyD;acwfwiG f ausmif;om;rsm; acwfynmudk ydrk v
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avmuf jzpfaejcif;? vctrsm;BuD;ay;NyD; tjyiftvGwfynmoifausmif;wGif oif,lae&jcif;? tjyiftvGwfynmoif
ausmif;rsm; waeYwjcm; rsm;jym;vmaejcif; ponfhtcsufrsm;udk ajymjyonf/ ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk vdkvm;onfrSm
ynmydkoifvdkom jzpfaMumif;? wpfvydwfa&;rSm vdkvnf;vdktyfaMumif;? wuodkvfynma&;rSm txufwef;ausmif;
awGEiS hf rwlawmhbJ q&mrsm; Tejf yHak vmufomS
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aMumif;? wvydwfrSom ausmif;om;a&m q&myg tdrfjyefcsdef &EdkifaMumif;? xkdYaMumifh wvydwfa&;rSm vdktyfaMumif;
ajymjyonf/ tjcm;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;uvnf; axmufcHajymqdkMuonf/ udkausmfNidrf;u ynma&;pepftm; ydkrdkaumif;
rGefatmif vkyf&mwGif (15) &ufrQ pmydkoifay;HkESifh jzpfEdkifrnf rxifaMumif;? q&mrsm;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm;
rvHkravmuf? ynma&;toHk;p&dwf enf;jcif;wdkYom t"dujyemjzpfaMumif; ajymjyonf/
wGif OD;Eku [dkwkef;u ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;&onfrSm ArmawG pmrwwfatmifvdkY t*FvdyfawGu vkyfcJh
vdkYom jzpfaMumif; ajymjyonf/ udkausmfNidrf;u rdrdMum;zl;onfrSm t*Fvefwuodkvfrsm;wGif q&mrsm; oifMum;rI
TefMum;rItjyif ausmif;om;rsm;udk,fwdkif avhvma&;twGuf ausmif;ydwf&ufudk rsm;EdkiforQ rsm;rsm;xm;aMumif;
ygarmucsKyfwdkY todyifjzpfaMumif; jyefvnfajymjyonf/
OD;Eku wvydwaf &;udk ray;Edik af Mumif;? pmoifBudraf ygif; (180) jynfah tmif jznfv
h jkd cif;jzpfaMumif; ajymjyonf/
udak usmfNidr;f u OD;Ek vdck sifaom tBudrf (180) udk vdu
k ef mygrnf/ aEG&moDausmif;ydw&f uf? 'DZifbmausmif;ydw&f ufEiS hf
tjcm;ausmif;ydw&f ufawGukd avQmhNyD; tBudrf (180) jynfah tmifvyk yf g/ ausmif;om;awG vdv
k m;onfh atmufwb
kd m
(1) v ydwfa&;udkvnf; vdktyf OD;Eku vdkufavsm&ef ajymjyonf/
odkYvkyfvQif ESpfOD;ESpfzuf qEjynhf0rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymjyonf/ ausmif;om;awG qErSdbJ ZGwfvkyf
ygu ]]tl;rdYk a&rcsKd;bJaewmud?k a&csKd;&r,fvYkd ZGwf u
kd Ef u
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]]rif;wdYk vnf; vlxu
k kd wdik Nf yD;vky?f igwdYk vnf; igwdYk vx
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Battle yJ}} [k ajymjyonf/
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Uf rD av;rsm;
393
udkausmfNidrf;u rdrdwdkY ausmif;om;awGrSm tpdk;&udk rzufNydKifEdkifMuyg? OD;Eku tckvdk ausmif;om;av;awGeJY
ppfNydKifwdkufr,fqdkonfrSm ckudkcg;awmif;usKdufNyD; oHwkwfeJY dkufzrf;ovdkom jzpfaernfjzpfaMumif;? ausmif;wv
ydwfa&;udpu
dk aemufqHk;tqHk;tjzwfay;EdkifwJh yk*dK vftjzpf EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyftaeESifha&m wuodkvft"dywdtae
ESifhyg tm;udk;NyD; vmaqG;aEG;wifjyjcif;om jzpfaMumif; ajymjyNyD;? awGUqHkyGJNyD;um ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
jyefvmcJhMuonf/ wuoOu|a[mif; udkEkuvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;udk zdESdyf&efjyifqifvmNyD/ 30? 9? 53 &uf?
aeYvnf (12) em&DwGif ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/ rlvu (3) em&DcGJ usif;y&efjzpfaomfvnf; 0ef
BuD;csKyfOD;Eku zdwf OD;EkESifh oGm;awGUoifhroifh pOfpm;MuNyD; oGm;awGU&ef qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf ausmif;wvydwf
a&;udk aqG;aEG;Muonf/ oefYSif;ausmif;om; udkwifxGef;u ausmif;wvydwfa&;tqdk wifoGif;onf/ udkvSpdk;vGif
(trsKd;om;'Drdku&uf)? udkcGefMumat; (Srf;)? udk,k? udkwifaT? udkaZmf0if; (wdk;wuf)wdkYu axmufcHMuonf/ udk,k
(wdk;wuf) u tpdk;&onf qlylausmif;om;rsm;udk (50) ru (500) txdzrf;rnfjzpfaMumif; Ncdrf;ajcmufaeaMumif;?
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tu,f zrf;yguvnf; 'Dausmif;om;awGtwGuf axmifxw
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a&;udk axmufcHajymqdkMuonf/ xdkYaemuf ausmif;wvydwfa&;aqmifGufa&;aumfrwD wckudk zGJUpnf;Muonf/
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ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; wuf<uaeonf/
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NrdKUSd ref;wuodkvf ausmif;om;ôl (26) a,mufwdkYtm; ta&;ydkifu um;ESifhtwif;vdkufac: ref;wuokdvfodkY
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avQmufvTmrsm;wifjcif;udp/
taMumif;Mum;tyfygonf/
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armifwifjrifh\ cGifhavQmufvTmudk txufazmfjyygudpE Sifh ywfouf taMumif;rvHkavmufjcif;aMumifh vufrcH
Edkifyg/ oydwaf rSmuf ausmif;om;ôl wOD; r[kwaf Mumif;? oydwaf rSmufausmif;om;wdYk\ aESmif,
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om;ôlrsm; ausmif;wufMu&ef EdI;aqmfygonf/
ausmif;wufolrsm;udk &JtzGJU\tultnDjzifh tapmifhtaSmufay;rnf/
ausmif;wuf&ef rjzpfEikd af om ausmif;om;ôlwYkd onf rdrw
d Ykd onf oydwaf rSmufaom ausmif;om;ôlrsm;
r[kwfaMumif; azmfjyonfh cGifhwdkifpmrsm;udk ygarmucsKyfxH ay;ydkYMu&ef EdI;aqmfygonf/
uJhodkY cGifhwdkifpmrydkYbJ ausmif;wuf&ef ysufuGufolrsm;udk ta&;,l&vdrfhrnf/
ausmif;wufolrsm;tm; taESmifht,Sufay;jcif;? oydwfwm;jcif; rjyKvkyfMu&ef av;eufpGmarwm&yfcH
ygonf/
ausmif;wufolrsm;tm; taESmifht,Sufay;olrsm;? oydwfwm;olrsm;udk &JtzGJUuta&;,l&ef tpdk;&udk
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395
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qdkS,fvpfwdkYu tuGufqifjcif; jzpfayonf/
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hf ufjcif;? vlzrf;yGrJ sm;usi;f yjcif;
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taqmifom;rsm;udk vIUH aqmfpnf;H;k um ausmif;om;xktiftm;jzifh ykvyd rf sm; taqmiftwGi;f odYk t0ifrcHbJ wGe;f xkwf
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(Auo Ou|a[mif;) vnf; aTwd*Hkbk&m; tv,fyp,HrSm tzrf;tqD;cH&onf/
odYk ykvyd rf sm;u 0ifp;D aomaMumifh xkad eYreufr;kd vif;pwGif jyifyaqmifrsm;rS ausmif;om;rsm; vIyf mS ;vm
Muonf/ qEjya<u;aMumfum wuov
kd 0f if;tjyifoYkd tpkta0;jzifh armif;xkwMf uonf/ rdrw
d Ykd &aJ bmfrsm;udk umuG,f
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(7) em&DwGif oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;onf wuodkvfe,fajrwGif yk'fr (144) xkwfvdkufaMumif;udk t"dywdvrf;rrS
um;ay:wGif toHcsJUpufwifum vdkufvHaMunmonf/ wuodkvfausmif;om;or*rsm;udk trSwf (22) ppf&Jwyfu
wufa&muf odrf;ydkufcJhonf/ t"dukPf;jzpf&ef ykvdyfwyfESifh qGay;onf/ yk'fr (144) udk qefYusifNyD; qEjy&ef?
rjyMu&ef ausmif;om;rsm; tajctwif aqG;aEG;ndEdIif;Muonf/
tcsKdUaom &Jabmfrsm;u t"dywdvrf;ray:odYk atmufwb
kd m (1) &ufaeY (2) &ufaeYrsm;uJo
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omru ausmif;om;rSef;? tjyifvlrSef;rod&ol um; (2) pD;cefYudk wuodkvfe,fajrwGif vSnfhvnf ausmif;om;xk
qefYusifonfh a<u;aMumfoHrsm;udk a<u;aMumfaponf/ uav;oli,f um;tpD; (20) pD;cefYudk ac:,lvmNyD; ]oydwf
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a':at;&ifvufzuf&nfqikd f vufzuf&nfaomufaeMuaom ausmif;om; (6) OD;tm; ppf&b
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396

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jyKvkyfrI ponfrsm;udk wm;jrpf&ef&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;trdefh &mZ0wfusifUxHk;yk'fr (144)
jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH\ NrdKUawmfjzpfaom &efukefNrdKUSd &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*onf
1315 ckESpf? awmfovif; vqkwf (9) &ufaeY? 1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm (2) &ufaeYwGif wuodkvfausmif;om;
or*cef;raqmifwGif jyKvkyfaom tpnf;ta0;rS qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;(1)
oDwif;uRwfv ausmif; (1) vydwfa&; udpudk qufvufaqmifGuf&efESifh
(2)
if;ausmif; (1) vydwfa&;udpESifhywfouf zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif (4)
OD;wdkYtm; tjrefqHk; vTwfay;&ef/
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jcif;iSmuREkfyfpD&ifydkifcGifhSdonfh &efukefcdkife,ferdwftwGif; 1315 ck? awmfovif;vqkwf (9) &uf? 1953
atmufwdkbmv (2) &ufrS p 1315 ck? oDwif;uRwfvqkwf (8) &uf? 1953 atmufwdkbmv (31) &ufaeY
noef;acgifcsdefwGif atmufwGifazmfjy owfrSwfxm;aom ae&mw0dkufwGif(u) pka0;jcif;
(c) tpkta0;wGif yg0ifjcif;
(8) a[majymjcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;? vIHYaqmfjcif;
(C) pmGufpmwef;rsm; dkufESdyfjcif;? a0iSjcif; (odkY) tjcm;enf;wenf;jzifh aMumfjimjcif;
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2/ ajrmufbufvm;aomf - tif;vsm;vrf;
3/ taemufbufvm;aomf - jynfvrf;rBuD;
4/ awmifbufvm;aomf - wuodkvf&dyfomvrf; wdkYjzifh e,ferdwfowfrSwfxm;aom wuodkvfe,fajr w0dkuf
(tke;f az)
ckdif&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;
&efukefNrdKY
rdwLtrdefhpmrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; ay;ydkhygonf/
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9/ 'k-t"dywd? wuodkvfausmif;
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10/ ygarmucsKyf? wuodkvfausmif;
397
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uvnf; tvsiftjref toHvTifhyg&ef arwm&yfcHygonf/
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tif;0wHcg;wGif pkHk;aeaom ausmif;om;rsm;udk pwifNyD; rD;owfydkufjzifhyufonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; &&m
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ykvdyfrsm;tm; ausmif;om;xku twGif;odkY t0ifrcHMu ajy;vTm; wm;Muonf/ ykvdyfrsm;u twif;0ifwdk;
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0wfAdkvf[k xif&olwOD;u vG,ftdwfxJrS ajcmufvHk;jyL;xkwf ypfcwfaeonfudk ausmif;om;trsm;pk jrifavonf/
398
(tay:) tqufrjywf usaeaom

rsu&f nf,Akd ;kH rsm;Mum;0,f ausmif;om;tcsKYd
tajy;tvTm; xGuaf jy;aepOf
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(atmuf ,m) jyif;xefvSaom
rsu&f nf,Akd ;kH aiGaY MumifU
owdvpfaeaom ausmif;om;
399
400
ausmif;om;rsm; wa,mufNyD;wa,muf vJusaeavonf/ nnf;wGm;oHwUkd onf ysUH vGiv

hf mavonf/ rsu&f nfpufrsm;
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qEjy&mwGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm;yHkpHrsm;jzifh jyolrsm;vnf; Sdonf/ yif;,aqmif udkatmifMunfonf n
(11) em&D xdk;aomtcg if;tcef;wGif za,mif;wdkifrsm; pD xGef;xm;onf/ taqmifrSL; OD;azatmif (ygarmu
tNidrf;pm; 'edu) u rD;a&mifawGU vmajymaomtcg udkatmifMunfu olYtaejzifh bk&m;rD;ylaZmfxm;onf[k
jyefajymojzifh q&mOD;azatmif acgif;IyfoGm;onf/
odYk ausmif;om;wdYk \vIyf mS ;rIEiS hf ywfouf acgif;aqmif[,
k q
l olrsm;udk ta&;,lvu
kd yf gu OD;aqmifrI
rJhoGm;um ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rI NidrfoGm;rnf[k ,lq[efSdonf/ odkYaom tajccHjzifh wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;
pkudk xyfrHNzdKcGJcJhonf/
zdEydS cf sKycf s,rf u

I kd atmUEv
S ;kH empGmjzifh
odt
hk Ny;D oN*K [&f ef jyifqifxm;pOf
403
1953 ckEpS ?f Ed0k ifbmv (9) &uf &efuek w
f uov
kd af umifpD tpnf;ta0;rS atmufygausmif;om;wdt
hk m; aomif;use;f ol
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;[k pGyfpGJum &moufyefausmif;xkwfvdkuf\/
(1) udkbaumif;
cHkeHygwf 153 0dZmwef; (yxrESpf)
(2) udkvS0if;
cHkeHygwf 64
Oya'wef; ('kwd,ESpf)
(3) udkoef;
cHkeHygwf 63
Oya'wef;
(4) udktHharmif
(jrefrmpm enf;jyq&mESifh Oya'oifwef;om;)
(5) udkwifxGwf
cHkeHygwf 1602 'kwd,ESpf (0dZm)
(6) udkoef;
cHkeHygwf 110 Oypm (odyH)
(7) udkomausmf
cHkeHygwf 83
'kwd,ESpf (0dZm)
(8) udkpdk;odef;
(9) udkvSaT
(10) udkcspfNrdKif
cHkeHygwf 36
bDtufpfpD tif*sifeD,m (aemufqHk;ESpf)
(11) udkoef;Edkif
cHkeHygwf 10
bDat ynmydkif;
(12) udkjrifhaqG
cHkeHygwf 1485 'kwd,ESpf Oypm
(13) udktkH;armif
(14) udkatmifodef;0if;
(jrefrmpmenf;jyq&mESifh yxrESpf Oya'wef;)
(15) udkausmfNidrf;
cHkeHygwf 1582 'kwd,ESpf Oypm
(16) udkwifhvGif
cHkeHygwf 1566 'kwd,ESpf (odyH)
(17) udk,k
cHkeHygwf 93
bDtufpD ('kwd,ESpf)
(18) udkcifvS
cHkeHygwf 178 'kwd,ESpf 0dZmwef;
(19) udkatmifbef;
cHkeHygwf 192
'kwd,ESpf 0dZmwef;
(20) udkodef;atmif
cHkeHygwf 198 'kwd,ESpf 0dZmwef;
(21) udw
k ifatmif(2)
cHkeHygwf 10
bDtufpD ('kwd,ESpf)
(22) udkpD
cHkeHygwf 887 'kwd,ESpf (Oypm)
(23) udkvSxGef;atmif
cHkeHygwf 809 yxrESpf (Oypm)
(24) udkat;armif
(25) udkPfxGef;
cHkeHygwf
'kwd,ESpf (0dZm)
(26) udkatmifxGef;
cHkeHygwf 64
wwd,ESpf (aq;ausmif;om;)
(27) udkatmifrdk;
cHkeHygwf 77
'kwd,ESpf (aq;ausmif;om;)
(28) udkrsKd;atmifausmfvGif cHkeHygwf 115 'kwd,ESpf (aq;ausmif;om;)
(29) udkodef;GefY
cHkeHygwf
aq;ausmif;om;
(30) armfemoGif
cHkeHygwf 87
'kwd,ESpf (aq;ausmif;ol)
atmufyg ausmif;om; (10) a,muftm;
(1) udkjrwfpH
(2) udkarmifarmifoGif
(3) udkwifvS
(4) udkatmif
(5) rcifzkef;rdk
(6) rat;GefY
(7) udkausmfNidrf;
(8) udkaomif;pdef
(9) udkwifxGef;
(10) udk&JxG#f
404
wESpfxkwfy,fonf/
cHkeHygwf 84
'kwd,ESpf (0dZm)
cHkeHygwf 1312 'kwd,ESpf (Oypm odyH)
cHkeHygwf 29
yxrESpf (0dZm)
cHkeHygwf
yxrESpf (0dZm)
cHkeHygwf 43
'kwd,ESpf (aq;ausmif;ol)
cHkeHygwf 143 'kwd,ESpf (aq;ausmif;om;)
pwkwESpf (tif*sifeD,mwef;)
'kwd,ESpf (0dZm)
yxrESpf (0dZm-odyH)

atmufygausmif;om;rsm; owday;cHcJU&onf/
(1) udktkef;cdkif
(2) r0if;ar
(3) rMuH
(5) rcif0rf;
(6) udkcifarmifyGm; (7) udkat;
(4) rjroef;
(8) udkausmfjrifh
atmufwb
kd mta&;awmfyw
kH iG f ausmif;xkwcf &H aomausmif;om;rsm;
udo
k ed ;f atmif Sr. B.A.
udt
k ;kH armif Sr. B.Com
ud,
k k Sr. B.Sc
udo
k mausmf Sr. B.A.
udv
k x
S eG ;f atmif Jr. B.A
udw
k ifxeG ;f Sr. B.Sc
udak usmNf ird ;f Sr. I.A
udv
k 0S if; II. B.L
udak tmifr;kd II. M.B.B.S
udak tmifbef; Sr. B.A.
udjk rifaU qG Sr. I.A (jyef0ifciG &hf )
udo
k ed ;f Gehf II. M.B.B.S
udrk sK;d atmifausmv

f iG f II. M.B.B.S udak usmNfird ;f II.M.B.B.S(jyef0ifciG &h f )
udw
k ifatmif II. B.A. (Ed.)
405
ud{k armif Sr. I.A
rcifzek ;f rdk Jr. B.A. (1 ESp)f
udkvSaT Sr. B.A.
udak tmifxeG ;f III. M.B.B.S
udkwifxGwf Sr. I.Sc
rjrifjU rifcU if II. M.B. (jyef0ifciG &Uf )
udw
k ifarmifBu;D Sr. B.A.
Edk0ifbm (26) &ufaeY? eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (6) em&Dtxd ausmif;om;rsm; cGyfa'gif;tvHvTifhxlum
zsuo
f rd ;f cH&onfh &ydik cf iG t
hf wGuf tpmiwfcq
H EjyMuonf/ wdu
k yf rJG mS (1) &uftwGuf jzpfonf/ zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf t
I wGuf
tavmif;aumifoN*K[frI qEjyvSnfhvnfyGJ jyKvkyfonf/ if;qEjyyGJ jyKvkyfyHkrSm wu,fhtavmif;aumifxnfhaom
tacgif;udk MuHawmokefwGif oGm;0,fonf/ yif;,aqmif udkwifaT (rHkGm A[dkw&m;Hk;aSUae) \ tcef;qDodkY
jrif;vSnf;jzifh o,fvmonf/ if;tcef;wGif tacgif;xJodkY &orQpuLpkwfrsm; xnfhonf/ acgif;ESpfzufwGif ]zdESdyf
csKycf s,rf I tavmif;aumif} [k pmwef;a&;onf/ yif;,aqmif *dwaf SUwGif tavmif;aumifjyifqifxm; ausmif;om;
xktm; pka0;aponf/
udt
k ;Hk armifu obmywdtjzpf aqmifu
G
f udck ifausmfu tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf aqmifu
G o
f nf/ xdYk aemuf
bk&m;vrf;bwfpfum;vdkif;rS um;av;rsm;udk iSm;onf/ tjcm;bwfpfum;vdkif;rS um;rsm;udk qdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;u
Ncdr;f ajcmufyw
d yf ifxm; xdu
k m;av;rsm;udk iSm;&jcif;jzpfonf/ xdu
k m;av;rsm;udyk if udpk ;kd ode;f ESihf udw
k ifxeG ;f wdYk onf
toif;rS wm0efSdolrsm;tm; vQKdU0SufoGm;a&muf awGUqHkaqG;aEG;NyD; aiGBudKwifay; iSm;&jcif; jzpfonf/ um;wpD;
trd;k ay:wGif zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf t
I avmif;aumif acgif;udw
k ifNyD; NrdKUxJoYkd vSnv
hf nfa<u;aMumfqE jyMuonf/ xdq
k EjyyGrJ mS
pnfum;vSonf/ yif;,*dwfaSUodkY jyefa&mufaomtcg t"dywdvrf;ray:wGif rD;IdU oN*K[fyGJ jyKvkyfonf/ ausmif;
om;rsm;rSm txl;wuf<upGm aysmfTifaeMuonf/ yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh rauseyfrIudk azmfxkwfjcif; jzpfygonf/
(1) &uf tpmiwfcHqEjyyGJwGif yg0ifolrsm;rSm &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&onfh udkatmifxGef;? udkcspfNrdKif
udkpdk;odef;? udkjrifhodef;? udkatmifrdk;? udktkH;armif? udkodef;GefY? udkvSxGef;atmif? udkwifvSwdkYESifh wESpfxkwfcH&onfh
udjk rwfp?H rat;GeYf ? udw
k ifxeG ;f ? udak usmfNidr;f ? udak rmifarmifoiG w
f Ykd jzpfonf/ tpmiwfct
H NyD;wGif ausmif;0if;twGi;f
ausmif;om;xkESifhtwl vSnfhvnfqEjyMuonf/
Edk0ifbmv (27) &uf? eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (6) em&Dtxd &moufyefESifh wESpf ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;\
tpmiwfcHwdkufyGJudk axmufcHaomtm;jzifh yif;,aqmifrS ausmif;om; (30) tpmiwfcHqEjyMuonf/
Edk0ifbmv (28) &uf eHeuf (6) em&DrS n (6) em&Dtxd yJcl;aqmifrS ausmif;om; (40) tpmiwfcHMuonf/
Ed0k ifbmv (29) &ufrS 'DZifbmv (1) &uftxd oH;k &ufqufvsuf tif;0aqmifaSUwGif &moufyefausmif;
xkwfcH&aom udktkH;armif? udkatmifrdk;ESifh (1) ESpfxkwfcH&ol udkatmifMunfwdkY tpmiwfcHqEjy Muonf/ odkYjzifh
rw&m;rIudk tpmiwfcHyGJjzifh qEjywkefYjyefjcif; jzpfonf/
406
(!) rEav;wuov
kd f ausmif;om;rsm;wdu
k yf JG
ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdrdtcGifhta&;twGuf rnfodkYyif aqmifGufapumrl tmPmvufSdolrsm;onf
&uf&ufpufpuf ni;f yef;Muonfom jzpfonf/ atmufwb
kd mv (7) &uf? eHeuf (5) em&Dtcsed w
f iG f rEav;wuov
kd ?f
atmufwb
kd m ausmif;wvydwaf &; aqmifu
G af &;aumfrwD0if udrk if;vGif (armifom&)? rEav;wuov
kd f ausmif;om;
or* twGi;f a&;rSL; udo
k mEd;k (armifomEdk;)? rEav;cdik af usmif;om;or* Ou| udu
k siaf t;? twGi;f a&;rSL; udb
k ek ;f Edik f
wdkYtm; rEav;&JtzGJUu zrf;qD;cJhonf/
atmufwdkbmv (3) &ufaeYwGif rEav;NrdKU tdrfawmf&mbk&m; (14) cef;Z&yfwGif NrdKUrd? NrdKUz tpnf;ta0;
vky\
f / tpnf;ta0;onf ausmif;om;rdb tpnf;ta0;[k trnfwyfxm;aomfvnf; zqyvvlBuD;rsm;ESihf zqyv
u ac:,lxm;aom tvkyform;rsm;udk awGU&onf/ wuodkvfausmif;om;rdbrsm; tpnf;ta0;[k zqyvwdkYu
ZGwq
f ikd ;f bkww
f ifxm;aomfvnf; pufb;D wGif xrif;csKdirhf sm;csdw
f tusw;kH vH;k ESihf vmMuaom jrLeDpyD ,f tvkyo
f rm;
uyif zqyv\uvdrcf sKu
H kd azmfjyaeonf/ rif;bl; OD;armifarmif? atmifO;D bcs?D a':MunfMunfponfh wynfzh qyv
vlBuD;rsm; awGUMuonf/
tpnf;ta0;wGif rEav;wuov
kd f ausmif;tkyBf uD; OD;udak v;tm; pum;ajymaponf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif
oydwq
f efYusifa&; tqdw
k pfcu
k kd wifoiG ;f axmufco
H nf/ tpnf;ta0;udk kyo
f rd ;f rnfjyK&m ausmif;om;rdbwOD;u
tpnf;ta0; tpOftvmt& uefYuGufol Sd? rSd ar;jref;zdkY oifhaMumif; tMuHay;pum;ajymMum;aepOf cdkifzqyv
vlBuD;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY*kPfodumudk raxmufxm;awmhbJ 'DaumifawG cs[? dkuf[[k dkif;jypGm atmf[pfMuojzifh
tpnf;ta0;rSm kef;&if;qefcwfjzifh ysufp;D oGm;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; qlyo
l rl sm;[kajymum ausmif;om;xkwu
kd yf JG
udk zsufcsifol cdkifzqyv vlBuD;rif;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY tpnf;ta0;udkom zsufrd&ufom; MuHK&onf/
ausmif;om;xkBuD;u atmf[pfarmif;xkwo
f jzifh zqyvvlBuD;rif;rsm;onf vsijf refpmG xGuaf jy;oGm;Muonf/
atmufwb
kd m (8) &ufaeY tdrfawmf&mbk&m; (14) cef;Z&yfwGif rEav;cdkifausmif;om;or*rS OD;pD; vlxktpnf;
ta0;BuD; wck jyKvkyfcJhonf/ if;tpnf;ta0;wGif rEav;wuodkvf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;? rEav;cdkifSd
txufwef;ausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;? &[ef;oHCmrsm;? NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm; pnfum;pGm wufa&mufMuonf/
tpnf;ta0;BuD;rS &efukefESifh rEav;wuodkvfausmif;rsm;rS zrf;qD;xm;olrsm;tm; tjrefqHk; jyefvTwf
&efESifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; nOf;yef;? &ufpufrIrsm; &yfpJ&ef tqdkrsm; csrSwfcJhonf/ atmufwdkbm (16) &ufwGif
zqyv vlBuD;rif;rsm;onf 'Dtufpftdk ausmif;om;wpktm; rEav;cdkif ausmif;om;or*trIaqmiftzGJU[k emrnf
wHqyd w
f yfNyD; tpnf;ta0;wck ac:,lco
hJ nf/
zqyvonf rdrw
d Ykd qufo,
G o
f rQaom toif;tzGUJ rsm;udk tpnf;ta0; wufaponf/ awmGmSd Awvp
v,form;BuD;rsm;tm; trawmfaMu;ay;rnf[k nmac:um armfawmfum;BuD;rsm;jzifh tpnf;ta0; usi;f y&m usK;H axmifh
Zmwfo
kH kdY ta&mufyYkd ay;onf/ opfpufaygif;pHk tvkyform;rsm;? aq;vdyfHk trsKd;orD;rsm;? vGwfvyfa&; trsKd;orD;
tzGJU0ifrsm;? zqyvESifh ruif;&mruif;aMumif; tm;vHk;wdkYtm; tpnf;ta0; wufaponf/
tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;onf rdbjynfolrsm;ESifh om;orD;ausmif;om;wdkYtm; &efwdkufay;&efom jzpf
onf/ v,form;rsm;tm; wHpOftpm; aoewfudkif vnf;aumif;? aq;vdyfHk trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; uwfaMu;tpm;
aoewfudkif vnf;aumif;? tvkyform;rsm;tm; wltpm; aoewfudkif vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;udk wdkufcdkuf
vmap&ef &efwdkufay;jcif; jzpfonf/
rEav;ckdifausmif;om;or*rS *spfum;wpD;jzifh usHK;axmifheHab;rS ae zqyvvkyf 'Dtufpftdku Auo
tjzpf vdr
f ac:,ljcif; jzpfaMumif;udk Si;f jyavonf/ xdt
k cg vlxBk uD;rSm Si;f jyae onfh *spu
f m;em;wGif ysm;tHBk uD;vdk
jzpfvmonf/ wGif ykvdyft&mSdtcsKdU a&mufvmNyD; toHcsJUpufvdkifpifESifh *spfum;vdkifpif odrf;,lMuonf/ usKH;
axmifhrS taemufzufodkY aTUoGm;&ef ajymonf/ ausmif;om;xku ae&maTUoGm; vlxkBuD;uvnf; aTUvdkufvmMu
onf/
kwfw&uf vpftdkAm ykvdyfum;wpfpD; a&mufvmonf/ *spfum;udk 0dkif;NyD; ydwfxm;vdkufonf/
]igwdkh olcdk;"g;jy r[kwfbl;}
]aoewf armif;rwifeJha[U}
]wdkhudk aoewfeJhcsdefzrf;zdkh rvdkbl;}
tHwBudwBf udwf jzpfvmMuonf/ ausmif;om;awGukd u,fvMkd uonf/ aoewfawGu olwYkd aSUwGif umqD;
407
aeonf/
]vlxkBuD; cifAsm;}
]rw&m;zrf;wm MunfUraeMuygeJh}
]uRefawmfwdkh ausmif;om;vli,fawGudk rw&m;zrf;ukefygNyD}
]'Drdkua&pD rSdawmhyg}
]wdkhudkzrf;wm zufqpftpdk;&}
taSUe,f&0J efaxmuf OD;oef;azESihf &Jt&mSd OD;armifuav;wdYk OD;pD;aomykvyd rf sm;onf ausmif;wvydwaf &;
aumfrwD0if udkcifarmifOD;tm; ZGwfzrf;qD;Muonf/ udkcifarmifOD;tm; ykvdyfuwzuf ausmif;om;uwzuf ZGwfvk
qGJMuonf/ udkcifarmifOD;ESifh ausmif;om;wcsKdU ygoGm;onf/
1953 ck? Edk0ifbmv (27) &ufaehwGifvnf; rEav;wuodkvfausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJYu atmufygausmif;om;ôl
wdkhtm; aomif;usef;olwdkh\udk,fpm;vS,frsm;[k taMumif;jyum &moufyefausmif;xkwfvdkufMuonf/
(1) udkausmfOD;
0dZm u-ydkif;
(2) rjrifhjrifhMunf
0dZm u-ydkif;
(3) udkjrifhatmif
Oypm c-ydkif;
(4) udkndK
Oypm c-ydkif;
(5) udkausmfpdk;
Oypm c-ydkif;
(6) udkrif;rif;
Oypm u-ydkif;
(7) udkodef;vGif
Oypm c-ydkif;
(8) udkcifarmifOD;
Oypm u-ydkif;
(9) udo
k mvS
Oypm u-ydkif;
(10) udkomEdk;
OypmodyH c-ydkif;
(11) udktkef;armif
OypmodyH c-ydkif;
(12) udktkef;az
Oypm u-ydkif;
(13) rararvIdif
Oypm c-ydkif;
(14) rwifwif&D
Oypm u-ydkif;
rEav;ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; wcJeufqEjyonf
408

(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
udkaX;
udkom'if
udk0if;armif
udkjrifhodef;
udk0if;armifoef;
OypmodyH c-ydkif;
Oypm c-ydkif;
Oypm c-ydkif;
Oypm u-ydkif;
Oypm u-ydkif;
atmufygausmif;om;rsm;rSm wESpfxkwfy,fcH&onf/
(1) udknDnD
OypmodyH c-ydkif;
(2) udkat;aomif
OypmodyH c-ydkif;
(3) rcifoef;vIdif
OypmodyH c-ydkif;
(4) rwifyk
OypmodyH c-ydkif;
(5) rcifoef;0if;
Oypm u-ydkif;
(6) rcifcif&D
Oypm u-ydkif;
atmufygausmif;om;rsm; owday;cH&onf/
1/ udkPfvIdif
2/ udk[defoif
3/ udkcifarmifodef; wdkYtm; txl;owday;NyD;?
1/ udkpdkif;bdkav;
2/ udkausmfjrifhvIdif
3/ udkoef;xGef; wdkYtm; owday;cH&onf/
() atmufwb
kd mom;orD;rsm;
e,fcsJUt*Fvdyftpdk;&onfyifvQif Armausmif;om;ESpfOD; (udkEkESifh udkatmifqef;) udkom ausmif;xkwfcJhNyD;
zqyvtpdk;&onf ausmif;om; (59) a,muftm; &moufyefausmif;xkwf? (16) a,mufudk wESpfxkwfy,fvdkuf
onf/
odkY ausmif;xkwfjcif;onf ausmif;om;xktwGuf tcGifhta&;awmif;qdkrIrsm;wGif acgif;aqmifay;cJhMuol
rsm;jzpfNyD; aemifwGif ausmif;om;ta&;udk awmif;qdk&JolrSdatmif zdESdyfjcif;jzpfonf/ aomif;usef;oludk,fpm;vS,f[k
pGyfpGJvdkufjcif;jzifh tpdk;&\ Oya'e,ferdwftwGif; rae&Jatmif awmodkYESifxkwfjcif; jzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh
'Drdkua&pD pnf;0dkif;twGif;rS vkyfMuyg[k wzGzGatmfaeaom zqyvwdkYonf 'Drdkua&pDtm; ydwfyifjcif;? 'Dtufpftdk
rsm;ESifh twdkuftcHvkyfolrsm;tm; nOf;yef;jcif; jzpfonf/ vlqdkonfrSm rdrdudk,fudk wefzdk;txm;qHk;? rdrdtusKd;udk
txdef;odrf;qHk; ow0gjzpfonf/
SELF PRESERVATION IS THE MOST PRIMARY LAW OF NATURE
rdrb
d 0twGuf &ydik cf iG t
hf cGit
hf a&;rsm; zsuo
f rd ;f cH&vQif vlwikd ;f awmif;qdk wku
d yf 0JG ifrmS jzpfonf/ atmufwb
kd m
om;orD;rsm;rSm Adv
k af tmifausmt
f m; ku
d o
f wfcMhJ uaom t*Fvyd w
f Ykdvykd if zqyv\ yk'rf (144)? a&ydu
k ?f rsu&f nf,Akd ;kH ?
aoewfusnfqefwdkYjzifh tMurf;zufrI cHMu&onf/
tzrf;cH&olrsm;wGif tcsKdUrSm wESpfajcmufvrQ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif cH&onf/ zrf;qD;xm;aom tcsdefwGifvnf;
q,f&uf? q,fhESpf&uf? qufwdkuf tcsKdUrSm wvcefY qufwdkufar;jref;cH&onf/ acG;ajccHkwGif xdkifcdkif;NyD; rtdyf&bJ
ESpfq,fhav;em&D qufwdkufar;jcif;udk tcsKdUrSm oHk;&ufcefY? tcsKdUrSm q,fhoHk;&ufcefY qufwdkufar;jref; cH&onf/
tcsKdUrSm vQyfppfrD;a&mifuvGJ aea&mif? va&mifrjrif&aom ajcmufayywfvnf tcef;xJwGif wvcGJrQ avSmifxm;
cH&onf/ tcsKdUrSm zrf;qD;pOfESifh zrf;tNyD;wGif dkufESufnOf;qJcH&onf/
&moufyef ausmif;xkwcf &H aom ausmif;om; ESpOf ;D jzpfonfh udb
k aumif;ESihf udv
k 0S if;rSm 0&rf;xkwcf &H onf/
udkausmfpdk;rSm xyftzrf;cH&onf/
409
(P) trsK;d om;aehusi;f yjcif;

xdEk pS w
f iG f trsK;d om;aeYEiS hf ausmif;om;aeYukd atmifjrifpmG usi;f ycJo
h nf/ *spu
f m;rsm;ay:wGif zdEydS cf sKyfcs,frI
okyfjyyGJrsm; jyKvkyf NrdKUwGif;odkU pDwef;a<u;aMumfcJhonf/ tdk;pnf0dkif;? 'dk;ywf0dkif;wdkYESifh txl;pnfum;vSonf/
armfawmf,mOftoif;rsm;udk zqyvtpdk;&u tusyfudkif Ncdrf;ajcmufxm; um;rsm;iSm; r&/ xdktcg udkuHwif
(aemif zGHUNzdK;a&;odyH? 'k-ausmif;tkyf)? jyZmwf kyf&Sifrif;orD; a':MunfMunfaX;ESifh oduRrf; a':MunfMunfaX;\
cifyGef;? Munf-yk um;vdkif; Ou| OD;atmifodef;udk csOf;uyftultnDawmif;cJo
h nf/ toif;taejzifh r[kwb
f J wOD;
csif;xHrS iSm;onfhtaejzifh um;rsm; iSm;cJh&onf/ a':MunfMunfaX;ESifh OD;atmifodef;\ tultnD rsm;pGm&cJhonf/
(w) w&m;H;k wGi&f ifqikd af &;udp

0efBuD;csKyfOD;Eku ta&;,lcJhjcif;udpE Sifhywfouf w&m;Hk;wGif&ifqkdif&ef wkefYjyefcJhonf/ tpdk;&u aSUae
p&dwaf y;rnf[k aMunmcJo
h nf/ ausmif;om;wdYk onf vlxv
k yI f mS ;rI (Mass Movement) udo
k m ,HMk unforl sm;jzpf
w&m;H;k wGif Oya'aMumif;t& &ifqikd &f ef tm;ud;k ,HMk unfjcif;jzpfonf/ odYk aomf ig;Muif;qDjzifih g;Muif;om; jyefaMumf
aomxHk;udk pOf;pm;cJhonf/ xdktcGifhta&;udk toHk;cs&ef tmPmydkifrsm;\ zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIudk azmfxkwf&ef pOf;pm;cJMh u
onf/ (Mass Action ESihf Legal Action) ESprf sKd;vH;k toH;k cs&ef &nf,
G jf cif;jzpfonf/ tpd;k &u aSUaewOD;twGuf
aiGusyf (500) om ay;ygonf/ ausmif;om;xkonf rdrw
d YkdbufrS ulnv
D o
kd l w&m;cGif tpd;k &u NidKjiifru
I kd raMumufol
jynfoltrsm; pdwf0ifpm;onfh xifSm;aom yk*dKvfrsm;&Edkif&ef BudK;pm;cJhonf/ a'gufwmbarmfudk csOf;uyftultnD
awmif;aomfvnf; ratmifjrifcJhyg/
(x)
1952-53 wuo ESpyf wfvnftpD&ifcpH m
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;\ 1952-53 ckEpS t
f wGuf trIaqmiftzGUJ zGUJ pnf;&ef yxrywf aG;aumufyJG
udk 1952 ck? Mo*kwfv (22) &ufaeYwGif usif;ycJhayonf/ xdkaG;aumufyGJrS Ou|tjzpf udkudkBuD;? 'k-Ou|tjzpf
udkBudKifESifh aiGxdef;tjzpf udkpdefoif;wdkYtm; aG;cs,fwifajrmuf cJhMuonf/
'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf trIaqmif (6) OD; aG;aumufyGJudk 1952 ck? pufwifbmv (4) &ufaeY usif;y&m
udkatmifbef;? udkMunfGefY? udkausmf0if;? udk0if;armif? udkcifarmifjrifh? udkwifhvGifwdkYtm; ausmif;om;xkBuD;u
aG;aumuf wifajrmufvdkufMuayonf/
1952-53 ckESpftwGuf trIaqmiftzGJYudk atmufygtwdkif; wm0efcGJa0cJUMuayonf/
1/ udkudkBuD;
Ou|
2/ udkBudKif
'k-Ou|
3/ udkpdefoif; (bDat)
aiGxdef;
4/ udkatmifbef;
5/ udkausmf0if;
wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifh jyefMum;a&;wm0efcH
6/ udkMunfGefY
EdkifiHjcm; qufoG,fa&;wm0efcH
7/ udk0if;armif
upm;ckefpm;a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rI jrifhwifa&;wm0efcH
8/ udkcifarmifjrifh
vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;wm0efcH
9/ udkwifhvGif
ausmif;om;oufom acsmifcsda&;wm0efcH
trIaqmiftzGUJ rS td;k a0r*Zif;wm0efct
H ,f'w
D mtjzpf udv
k 0S if; (bDat) ESihf pmMunfw
h u
kd rf LS ;tjzpf udo
k ef;
armifwdkYtm; aG;cs,fcefYtyf xm;cJhayonf/ tdk;a0r*Zif; wm0efcHt,f'Dwm udkvS0if; (bDat) rSm wm0ef,l
aqmifGufaepOf EdkifiHjcm;odkY oGm;a&mufae&ojzifh EkwfxGufpmwifcJh&m trIaqmiftzGJUu vufcHNyD;? tdk;a0r*Zif;
wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf udkbaumif;tm; xyfrHaG;cs,f cefYtyfcJhayonf/
1952-53 ckESpf tdk;a0r*Zif; trIaqmiftzGJYudk atmufygtwdkif; zGJYpnf;cJUayonf/
1/ udkbaumif;
wm0efcHt,f'Dwm
2/ udkpdefoif; (bDat)
aiGxdef;
410

3/ udkausmfatmif
twGif;a&;rSL;
4/ udkodef;atmif
tvkyfwm0efcH
5/ udkausmfaX;
trIaqmif
6/ udk,k
trIaqmif
7/ oef;oef;
trIaqmif
&efukefwuodkvf udk,fvufMuHUcdkifa&;aumifpDwGif 1952-53 ckESpftwGuf ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vnft
jzpf aqmifGuf&ef udk0if;armif? udkcsrf;om? udkwif&D? udkboGif? udkvSjrifhwdkYudk trIaqmiftzGJUrS aG;cs,fcJhNyD;vQif
wuopm&if;ppftjzpf udkoef;xG#ftm; cefYtyfcJhayonf/ &efukefwuodkvfaumifpDwGif ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywf
oufaom jyemrsm;twGuf aqmifGuf&ef wuo udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf OD;armifarmifausmf (bDat) ESifh OD;vSwif
(bDat? bDt,fvf) wdkYtm; aG;cs,fcJhonf/ OD;armifarmifausmfrSm wuodkvf&dyfomaumfrwDESifh ausmif;om;rsm;
axmufyahH Mu; (pwdik yf if) aumfrwDwYkd wiG f yg0ifaqmifu
G &f OD;vSwifrmS ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDEiS hf aq;Hak umfrwD
wGif yg0ifaqmifGufvsuf Sdayonf/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf udkudkBuD; (Ou|)
ESifh udkcifarmifjrifhwdkUtm; aG;cs,fyg0ifapcJhonf/
trIaqmiftzGJY\ 0g'
wuoOu|opf usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJudk &efukefwuodkvf ,k'oefcef;r 20? 9? 52 &ufaeYu usif;y
jyKvkyfcJhNyD;vQif 1952-53 ckESpf wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ 0g'udk aMunmcJhayonf/
1/ tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;?
2/ ausmif;om;nDw
G af &;ESihf w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;jyemwdik ;f wGif aqmifu
G v
f akd om ausmif;om;
tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wdkYESifh yl;aygif;aqmifGufa&;?
3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI jrifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGm aygif;oif;
qufqHa&;wdkYyif jzpfayonf/
txufygvkyfief;rsm;;udk ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;\ qEESifh ndEIdif;NyD;vQif ausmif;om;tjrif? ausmif;
om;t,ltq? ausmif;om;xifjrifcsurf sm;jzifh OD;vnfroHk aqmifu
G o
f mG ;rnf[k aMunmcJah yonf/ xdak MunmcJah om
tajccH0g' (3) &yfudk atmifjrifap&eftwGuf wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf 1952-53 ckESpfwGif vkyaf qmifrnfh vkyf
ief;pOf (10) csufuv
kd nf; owfrw
S x
f m;cJu
h m usrf;opmusdeq
f ykd rJG mS yif xkwjf yefaMunmcJah yonf/
xdkYaMumifh wuo tvkyftrIaqmiftpnf;ta0;wGif 1952-53 ckESpf wuo tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\
vkyif ef;rsm; aqmifu
G cf sufrsm;udk wifjyrnfjzpfayonf/ xdo
k Ykd wifjy&mwGif trIaqmiftzGUJ \ aMunmcJah om vkyif ef;
pOf (10) csuf? rnfaGUrnfrQ taumiftxnfazmfEdkifrnfudk qef;ppf wifjyrnfjzpfayonf/ ,ck tpD&ifcHpmrSm
wuo\ wdak wmif;vSaom (6) vrQ umvMumonfh oufwrf;twGi;f aqmifu
G cf ahJ omvkyif ef;rsm;ukd tpD&ifcx
H m;
jcif;jzpf&m tajccH0g'ay:wGifrSDNyD; tydkif;BuD; (3) ydkif; cGJjcm;um tpD&ifcHoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/
tqifUtwef;jrifUaomynma&;ESifU ausmif;om;b0om,majzmifUjzL;a&;
,aeY &efukefwuodkvf\ tajctaeudk wifjytpD&ifcHvdkygonf/ &efukefwuodkvfwGif t&nftcsif;
jynfh0aom q&mrsm;enf;yg;vsuf Sd\/ ausmif;oHk;ud&d,mrSmvnf; ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh pmvQif vHk;0rvHkavmufbJ
csKdUwJhvsufSd\/ avmu"gwfqdkif&m ypnf;ud&d,mrsm;? "gwkaA'prf;oyf&ef tcef;rsm;rSm ,ck tcsdeftxd ravmuf
riS jzpfaeayonf/ ,ckuJhodkY rvHkravmuf t&m&mwGif csKdU,Gif;vsuf oifMum;ae&aom ausmif;om;ynm&yfrsm;
rSm rnfuo
hJ Ykd tqift
h wef;So
d nfukd cefYreS ;f Edik af yonf/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGiv
f nf; wcef;wGif (2) a,muf aecJah omf
vnf;? wd;k wufrsm;jym;vmaom ausmif;om;OD;a&ESihf rvHrk avmuf jzpfcahJ yonf/ xdrk Qyifru ckwif? pm;yG?J pmtkypf if
paom rvHrk avmufjzpfaeonfh jyemrsm;ESihf ausmif;aqmifwikd ;f wGif &ifqidk v
f suf SMd uayonf/ tpm;taomufwiG f
vnf; nHzh sif;vsuf? rusef;rrmjyefvQifvnf; aq;0g;ukoa&;twGuf tcuftcJawGU ae&ayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;
tzdkY ausmif;aq;HkwGif wufa&mufukoEdkifaomfvnf; ausmif;olrsm;tzdkY ausmif;aqmifwGifyif aq;0g;ukoae&
ayao;onf/
usef;rma&; tajctaeqdk;Gm;ojzifh &efukefaq;HkBuD;odkY ydkYjyefvQifvnf; aq;odyH ausmif;om;r[kwfygu
ausmif;om;twGuf oD;oefYxm;aomtcef;wGif wufa&mufukocGifhr&cJhay/ aq;uko&mwGifvnf; tcrJhaq;uko
411
jcif; rcH&bJ? aq;zdk;0g;c q&m0efcudkyg ay;aqmifae&onfudk awGUSd&ayonf/ xdYk aMumifh rdwuG?J zwuGJ w&yfae
wajrjcm;odkY vma&muf qnf;yl;ae&aom ausmif;om;rsm;\ usef;rma&;ESifh ywfoufNyD; BudKwifumuG,frIrsm;rSm
rsm;pGmrSyif nHhzsif;aeonfudk awGUSdae&ayonf/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGifSd a&csKd;cef;rsm;? tdrfomrsm;rSm npfywfvsuf
aeayonf/
tpm;taomuf? taetxdkif? usef;rma&; csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;wGifomru ynmoifMum;a&;bufwGifvnf;
rjynfhpHk? pmar;yGJpepfrSmvnf; wrsKd;NyD;wrsKd; ajymif;vJaeojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;rSm 'kutrsKd;rsKd;ESifh &ifqdkifvsuf
Sdayonf/ pD;yGm;a&; tcuftcJaMumifh ausmif;raeEdkifaom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf axmufyHhaMu; ay;onfrSmvnf;
(5) &mcdkifEIef;avmufom ay;aeonfhtwGuf rsm;pGmvdkvsuf Sdonfudk awGUSd&ayonf/
txufyg rjynfhrpHk rvHkavmufjcif;rsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;\ avmavmq,f vdktyfcsufrsm;udk aqmifGuf
ay;jcif;onfomvQif tqift
h wef;jrifah om ynma&;ESihf ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifjh zL;a&;twGuf tajccHtw
k jf rpf
csrSwEf ikd jf cif; jzpfayvdrrhf nf[k ,HMk unfayonf/ xdYk aMumifh wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ onf ausmif;om;rsm;\ epfemcsuf
rsm;? qHk;IH;aeaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk azmfxkwfum awmif;qdk&eftwGuf wuodkvfSdaom bmom&yfqdkif&m toif;
tzGUJ rsm;? o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rS ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk zdwMf um;um aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm; vkycf MhJ uonf/ tMuHPfrsm;udk
awmif;qdkcJhMuayonf/
xdktpnf;ta0;rsm;rS azmfxkwfcsufrsm;? tMuHPfrsm;udk,lum wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf ausmif;om;
rsm;\ vdv
k m;csuf (22) csufukd azmfxw
k u
f m? 30? 9? 52 &ufaeYwiG f wuov
kd af umifpo
D Ykd wifjyawmif;qdk cJhayonf/
awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk &efukefwuodkvf o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf 'kwd,ESpf0ufnDvmcHBuD;rS vnf;
aumif;? waumif;ausmif;aqmif? jynfausmif;aqmif? oxHkausmif;aqmif? yJcl;ausmif;aqmif? ppfudkif;ausmif;aqmif?
tif;vsm;ausmif;aqmif? oD&d (bifwef) ausmif;aqmif ausmif;om;xk pnf;a0;yGrJ sm;rS vnf;aumif;? &efuek w
f uov
kd f
tdE,
d trsK;d om;ausmif;olôm;rsm;toif;? &efuek w
f uov
kd f ynmodyH ausmif;olôm;rsm;toif;rsm;rS vnf;aumif;?
wuo awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk axmufcHcJhMuayonf/
'DZifbmv (20) &uf ausmif;om;aeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;wGif awmif;qdkcsuf
(22) csufudk wuoaiGxdef; udkpdefoif; udk,fwdkifwifoGif;um ausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfvHk;u axmufcHcJhMuayonf/
xdkpnf;a0;yGJtNyD;wGif ausmif;om;xkBuD;onf t"dywdvrf;rBuD;rS &efukefwuodkvf bGJUESif;obifcef;rBuD;odkY
csDwufum qEjyaxmufcHcJhMuayonf/ wuodkvfaumifpDwGifyg0ifaom wuoudk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2)
OD;uvnf; awmif;qdkcsufrsm;&Sda&;? taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf wuodkvfaumifpDwGif aqmifGufcJhMuayonf/
,ckuo
hJ Ykd ausmif;om;xk\epfemcsufrsm;udk ta&;qd&k mwGif wuotrIaqmif\ rSeu
f efaom acgif;aqmif
rI? ausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfvHk;u pnf;vHk;nDGwfpGmESifh tifwdkuftm;wdkuf axmufcHrI? wuoudk,fpm;vS,f
aumifpDvlBuD;wdkU\ BudK;yrf;rIaMumifh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk tm;vHk;vdkvdkyif &SdcJhMuayonf/
awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm wuotrIaqmiftzGJUESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;? bmom&yfqdkif&m
toif;tzGJUrsm;\ aqG;aEG;csufrsm;ay:rS ay:xGufvmaom awmif;qdkcsuf (22) csufjzpfNyD; or*0if ausmif;ol?
ausmif;om;rsm; odNyD;jzpfcJhayonf/ awmif;qdkcsuf (22) csufrSm aS;,cif wufa&mufcJhMuaom trIaqmiftzGJU
wdkif;vdkyif awmif;qdkcJhMuaomfvnf;? taumiftxnf ay:aygufcsufrSm enf;yg;vSayonf/ ,ckESpf wufa&mufcJh
aom trIaqmiftzGUJ onf r&rae tqifq
h ifah omenf;rsm;jzifh BudK;yrf;rnf[k uwday;aMunmcJo
h nft
h wdik ;f &Sad p&ef
aqmifGufcJhMuonf/
awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk (1) ausmif;aqmifESifh ywfoufaom awmif;qdkcsuf? (2) pmar;yGJESifh ywfoufaom
awmif;qdkcsuf? (3) taxGaxGawmif;qdkcsuf[l a,bk,stm;jzifh cGJjcm;Edkifayonf/ txufyg awmif;qdkcsuf
rsm;rSm trIaqmiftzGJUu csrSwfxm;aom tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;
[laom 0g'ESifh udkufnD taxmuftuljyKaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm; jzpfayonf/
atmifjrifrIrsm;
ausmif;aqmifESifh ywfouf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;wGif ,ckjrifawGUaeonfhtwdkif;yif rdef;uav;rsm;twGuf
ausmif;aqmifwaqmif? a,mufsm;av;rsm;twGuf ausmif;aqmif (4) aqmif aqmufvyk af e&m taumiftxnftjzpf
ay:aygufcJhayonf/ wuodkvfaumifpD\ jyefMum;csuft&rSm ZGefvausmif;zGifhtrD NyD;pD;rnf[lum; rcefYrSef;
Edkifay/
412

ynmodyHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ausmif;taqmuftODudk azazmf0g&Dv tNyD;avmufwGif aqmufvkyfEkdif
rnfjzpf? aq;odyHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ausmif;aqmifwaqmifudk rwfv 'kwd,ywftwGif; tkwfjrpfcsEdkifrnf[k
uwd&SdcJhayonf/
xdkYaemuf ausmif;aqmifwdkif;\ oD;jcm;vdkvm;csufjzpfaom trdk;rsm;jyifqif&efESifh oxHkESifh tif;0ausmif;
aqmif pMuFefvrf;csif; qufpyfa&;twGuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk aEG&moDwGiftNyD; aqmifGufay;rnf[k uwd&SdcJhay
onf/
o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;wdkif;udkvnf; upm;aMu;aiG (200) usyfpD xkwfay;&ef awmif;qdk&mwGifvnf;
&SdcJhayonf/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGifvnf; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (2) a,muf yg0ifaqmifGufcGifhudkvnf;
&SdcJhayonf/ ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif a&vHkavmufpGm&Sda&;twGuf t0DpdwGif; (8) wGif; wl;&ef awmif;qdkcJh&m
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413
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414

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trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rIudk aqmifGufjcif;onfomvQif vlYb0udk om,m0ajymaprnf jzpf\/ ,Ofaus;rIudk jrifhwif
ay;jcif;tm;jzifhvnf; ppf\tarGtESpfrsm;udk ajymif;vJypfEdkifrnf jzpf\/ ppf\tE&m,fudk wm;qD;jcif;jzifhomvQif
Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;onf jzpfxGef;Edkifrnf jzpfayonf/
vlrsKd;tcsif;csif;? vli,fausmif;om;tcsif;csif; wOD;ESiw
hf OD; rke;f wD;rIukd y,fzsufum bmoma&;,HMk unfrI?
taoG;ta&mifcjJG cm;rI? Edik if aH &;t,ltq? pD;yGm;a&;tqift
h wef; rcGjJ cm;bJ &if;ES;D pGm aygif;oif;qufqaH &;? cspfMunf
a&;jzifhvnf; ppfBuD;w&yfudk wm;qD;EdkifNyD;vQif Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;udk wnfaqmufEdkifrnf jzpfayonf/
odkhtwGuf wuotrIaqmiftzGJYonf(1) rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*ESifh &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* qufoG,fa&;/
(2) rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;ESifh &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm; &if;ESD;a&;? rdwfjzpfa&;/
(3) ausmif;om;rsm;\ upm;ckefpm;rItqifhtwef; jrifhwifa&;wdkYtwGuf &efukefwuodkvf abmvHk;
toif;udk rEav;wuodkvfodkY apvTwfcJhayonf/
xdktzGJU\ acgif;aqmiftjzpf q&mOD;vSarmif? twGif;a&;rSL; udk0if;armif (wuo trIaqmif)? &efukef
wuov
kd f abmvH;k toif; uywed f udak SmMunf? TeMf um;ol udo
k ef;0if;? udb
k oGif (upm;ckepf m;a&; aumifpv
D Bl uD;)
ESifh udkatmifbef; (wuo twGif;a&;rSL;) wdkY yg0ifcJhMuayonf/ &efukefwuodkvf abmvHk;toif;onf rEav;
wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;ESifh vnf;aumif;? ppfudkif;cdkif ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh vnf;aumif;? &if;ESD;rdwfaqGjzpfa&;udk
aqmifGufEdkifcJhygaMumif;/
wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ \ vkyif ef;pOf (10) csufwiG f wcsuf tygt0ifjzpfaom &efuek w
f uov
kd f ausmif;
om;yGJawmfudk Nidrf;csrf;a&;? trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;jrifhwifa&;? ,Ofaus;rI vJvS,fa&;? ausmif;om;tcsif;
tcsif; &if;ESD;rdwfjzpfa&;? ausmif;om; nDGwfa&;[laom &nfG,fcsuf (5) csufjzifh &efukefwuodkvf o[m,ESifh
pmzwftoif;rsm;? cdkiftoif;rsm;? vlrsKd;pktzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;um Zefe0g&Dv (10) &ufrS (13) &ufaeY
txd usif;yjyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/
416
1953 ck? yxrtBurd f

&efuek w
f uov
kd f
ausmif;om;yJaG wmfrck Of ;D

wuodkvf ausmif;om;yGJawmfwGif(u) "gwfyHk? yef;csD? umwGef; NydKifyGJjyyGJrsm;
(c) *DwNydKifyGJ? tdk;pnfNydKifyGJ? 'dk;ywfNydKifyGJ
(*) pmayNydKifyGJrsm;
(C) upm;ckefpm;NydKifyGJrsm;
(i) ,Ofaus;rI twD;trIwf tutckefwifjyyGJrsm;
(p) tNidrfhjyyGJrsm;
(q) kyfSifjyyGJrsm;udk jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/
wuov
kd af usmif;om;yGaJ wmf uJo
h Ykd usif;yjcif;onf &efuek w
f uov
kd f &mZ0ifwiG f vnf;aumif;? &efuek f
wuodkvfausmif;om;or* &mZ0ifwGif vnf;aumif; ray:aygufcJhbl;aMumif; tpD&ifcHvdkayonf/
wuodkvf ausmif;om;yGJawmfonf &efukefwuodkvf&mZ0if yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf usif;yjyKvkyfcJhjcif;
jzpfayonf/ usif;ycJhaom ausmif;om;yGJawmfwGif vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;? EdkifiHjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ArmtrsK;d om;
ausmif;om;rsm;onf Edik if aH &;t,ltq? bmoma&;,HMk unfr?I pD;yGm;a&;tajctae cGjJ cm;rIrSb
d J yg0if qifETJcJhjcif;jzifh
vnf;aumif;? wuodkvfaumifpDESifh &efukefwuodkvfSd q&m? q&mrrsm; ulnDtm;ay;rIjzifhvnf; aumif;?
NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;\ ulnt
D m;ay;rIjzifh vnf;aumif;? wuov
kd f ausmif;om;yGaJ wmfBuD;udk atmifjrifpmG usi;f y Edik cf ahJ yonf/
&efukefwuodkvf armifr,fNydKifyGJ? avSNydKifyGJrsm;wGif qkrsm; csD;jrifhay;jcif;jzifhvnf; wuodkvfausmif;ol?
ausmif;om;rsm;\ upm;ckefpm;a&;udk tm;ay;cJhayonf/
jrefrmpmay jyefvnfazmfxkwf qef;opfjrifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; A[kokwwdk;yGm;a&;udk
&nfG,fvsuf ]pmqdkawmfaeh} jzpfay:vmyHkESifh Armh,Ofaus;rI pmaytqDtESpfrsm;udk wifjyonfh a[majymyGJw&yf
udkvnf; jyKvkyfcJh&m ArmEdkifiHpma&;q&mrsm;toif;rS OD;odef; (Z0e)? OD;xifzwf? udkwifaz (atmifvif;)? udknDnD
(vif;,kefeD)? udkrsKd;jrifhwdkYu vma&muf a[majymcJhygonf/
qdkAD,uf,leD,H\ pufrIvkyfief;? pdkufysKd;a&;? pmayynma&;pepf? qdkAD,uf*DwESifh ,Ofaus;rItEkynm&yf
rsm;ESifh ywfouf vufawGUavhvmcsufrsm;udk qdkAD,uf-Arm ,Ofaus;rIvJvS,fa&;toif;rS q&mOD;atmifvSESifh
OD;csif;pdef (aTnmarmif) wdYk u a[majymaom a[majymyGw
J &yfuv
kd nf; ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; A[kow
k jzpfap&ef
&nfG,f a[majymyGJwck usif;ycJhayonf/
taxGaxG
wuo\ a<u;aMumfojH zpfaom td;k a0r*Zif;udk (15) &ufwBudrf xkwaf 0&ef MuH,
G cf ahJ omfvnf; tcuftcJ
rsm;aMumifh rxkwfa0EdkifcJhay/ odkYaomf &efukefwuodkvfor* usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJwGif wBudrf? (32) Budrfajrmuf
trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYwGifvnf; wBudrf? txl;pmapmiftjzpf xkwfa0EdkifcJhayonf/ ,ckvmrnfh ESpfywfvnfr*Zif;udk
vnf; ppfrjzpfrDu tqifhtwef;twdkif; xkwfa0Edkif&ef BudK;pm;vsuf Sdygonf/
wuorS zqyv pHjyuGufopf rD;ab;'kuonfrsm;twGuf tvSLaiG (200) wdwdudkvnf; rD;ab;&efyHkaiG
odYk vSL'gef;ay;ydYk co
hJ nf/ or*tvkyo
f rm;rsm;jzpfonfh OD;uHoed ;f ? udt
k ;kH jrif?h udv
k aS usmfwYkd ukd 0wfpw
kH pHpk D csD;jrichf o
hJ nfh
tjyif wuoqdkifcef;rsm;udk vufSdiSm;&rf;olrsm;udkyif wESpfwdk;csJUNyD; iSm;&rf;cJhygonf/
ema&;udprsm;
Ow&ausmif;aqmifwiG f aexdik af om csif;trsKd;om; tdik af omif;pde\
f psmye? 'k-t"dywda[mif; OD;at;armif
\ rdcifpsmye? uG,fvGefol AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\om; atmifqef;vif;\ psmye? waumif;ausmif;aqmifwGif ae
xdkifaom aygif;wnfNrdKUrS ausmif;om; udkapmMunf\ psmyeudprsm;wGif wuorSyef;acGrsm; ay;ydkYcJhonfhtjyif
um;rsm; pDpOfay;vsuf vdkuf ydkYocJhygaMumif;/
txufyg tpD&ifcHcJhaom wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ NyD;qHk;cJhaom vkyfief;rsm;udk qef;ppfa0zef&ef vdktyf
ayonf/ odYk a0zef&mwGif rlvowfrw
S cf ahJ om 0g'ESiv
hf yk if ef;pOfrsm; tay:wGirf NDS yD; qef;ppfa0zef&rnf jzpfayonf/
ynmoifMum;a&; tqift
h wef;jriw
hf ifa&;ESihf ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifjh zL;a&;[laom0g'ESihf ywfouf wuo
trIaqmiftzGJU\ aqmifGufcsufrsm;onf ay:vGifcJhayonf/ ausmif;udpr sm;? pmar;yGJudpr sm;wGif awmfawmfrsm;rsm;
aqmifGufEdkifcJhayonf/ odkYaomf trIaqmiftzGJU\ arQmfrSef;onftxd raqmifGufEdkifjcif;udk rlum; 0efcHvdkayonf/
417
ausmif;om;nDw
G af &;ESihf ywfouf uGjJ ym;aeaom ausmif;om;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm; wpkwpnf;wnf; jzpfay:
&ef BudK;pm;rnf[k wxpfcs rSwfcJhaomfvnf; ,aeYtxd taumiftxnf razmfEdkifcJhay/ odkYaomf 'DZifbmv (21)
&uf ausmif;om;aeYwGifrlum; yxrqHk;tBudrf yl;aygif;aqmifGufEdkifcJhayonf/ wuodkvfe,fajrSd ausmif;om;tzGJU
tpnf;rsm;ESiv
hf nf; vkyif ef;rSeo
f rQvykd if yl;wGaJ qmifu
G Ef ikd cf hJ rkH Qru rEav;wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*EiS v
hf nf;
em;vnfcspfMunfrIrsm;udk &Sdatmif jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/
Nidr;f csr;f pGmynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIjriw
hf ifa&;twGuf cspMf unfa&;? Nidr;f csr;f a&; ausmif;om;yGaJ wmfBuD;
wckukd usi;f yEdik cf ahJ yonf/ xdyk aJG wmfBuD;wGif ArmEdik if t
H wGi;f Sd vlrsK;d pktoD;oD;ESihf vnf;aumif;? Edik if jH cm;ausmif;om;
rsm;ESifh vnf;aumif; ,Ofaus;rIrsm; vJvS,fEdkifcJhayonf/ cspfMunfrIrsm;udkvnf; jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/ uJo
h Ykd
wuov
kd &f mZ0ifwiG f rSb
d ;l aom ausmif;om;yGaJ wmfBuD;wck usi;f yEdik cf jhJ cif;udrk u
l m; wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ onf *kP,
f l
vdak yonf/ uJo
h Ykd *kP,
f o
l nft
h jyif yGaJ wmfBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tm;ay;ulnu
D m vdt
k yfaomtultnDrsm;udk
ay;cJah om ygarmucsKyfEiS hf wuov
kd t
f yk cf sKyfa&;tzGUJ tm; vnf;aumif;? q&m? q&mrrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? yGaJ wmfBuD;
jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf wm0eftoD;oD;,lum yg0ifaqmifGufMuaom &efukefwuodkvf tdEd,trsKd;om; ausmif;ol^
om;rsm;toif;ESihf &efuek w
f uov
kd f wkwt
f rsKd;om; ausmif;olôm;rsm;toif;udk vnf;aumif;? ,Ofaus;rIjyyGw
J iG f
yg0ifulnDMuaom &efukefwuodkvfSd Srf;? u&if? ucsif? csif;? &cdkif? xm;0,f? u,m;? rGefausmif;ol? ausmif;
om;rsm;udkvnf;aumif;? tif;vsm;? oD&d (bifwef)? wDwDpD ausmif;olrsm;ESifh wuodkvfSdMuaom o[m,ESifh
pmzwftoif;rsm;? &efukefwuodkvf cdkifausmif;olôm;rsm;toif;rsm;udk vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;wif0rf;ajrmufonfh
tjyif yGaJ wmfBuD;twGuf rkct
f aqmuftODjzifh ulnaD om jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf ukeo
f nfBuD;rsm;toif;? 0g*Depf
tzGJUBuD;? ulvGef; wkwftrsKd;om;bifc&mtzGJUESifh apmif;OD;boef;? tvuFmausmfpGm a':apmjrat;MunfwdkYtm;
wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;udk,fpm; trIaqmiftzGJUu aus;Zl;wifaMumif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/
ed*;kH csKyftaeESihf tpD&ifcpH mwGif azmfjyvdo
k nfrmS ,ckEpS f wufa&mufcahJ om trIaqmiftzGUJ \ aqmifu
G f
cJ&h aom umvtydik ;f tjcm;rSm wdak wmif;cJo
h jzifh aqmifu
G cf sufrsm;rSm pdwaf useyfavmufatmif rjzpfcahJ y/ if;tjyif
aqmifu
G &f m wuo\pnf;rsOf;udk wwfEikd o
f rQ trIaqmiftzGUJ onf vdu
k ef mcJMh uayonf/ odYk aomf tcsKdU ae&mrsm;
wGif wuopnf;rsOf;onf ppfrjzpfrDu a&;qGJxm;jcif;jzpf ,cktcsdefwGif vufawGUusifhoHk; r&cJhay/
odkYtwGuf wuopnf;rsOf;udk jyifqifEdkif&eftwGuf BudK;yrf;oifhaMumif; tMuHay;vdkygonf/ aemifESpf
rsm;wGifvnf; ,ckESpfxufapmapm or*aG;aumufyGJ usif;yEkdif&ef BudK;pm;ygrnf[k uwday;vdkaMumif;/
(yHk) udkBudKif
'k- Ou|
aehpGJ- 7? 2? 53
418
OD;udu
k Bkd u;D
(1952-53)
jrpfBuD;em;NrKdUwGif arG;zGm;onf/ rHkGmNrKdU ynmoifMum;NyD; 1946 ckESpfwGif wuodkvf0ifoifwef;udk

atmifjrifonf/ &efuek w
f uov
kd f qufvuf ynmoifMum; qnf;yl; 1945-50 ckEpS w
f iG f wuo trIaqmif
tzGJU tdk;a0r*Zif; t,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif; cH&onf/ 1952-53 ckESpfwGif wuoOu|tjzpf
aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cH&onf/
&efukefwuodkvfwGif ausmif;om;OD;a& wdk;wufrsm;jym;vmojzifh ausmif;aqmif rvHkravmuf jzpfaeonf/
ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wd;k csUJ aqmufvyk &f ef awmif;qd
k ausmif;aqmifopf (6) aqmif wd;k csUJ aqmufvyk af y;cJ&h
onf/ yxrqH;k tBudrf ausmif;om;yGaJ wmfBuD;udk &efuek w
f uov
kd f ,k'oefjrufcif; (3) &ufwikd w
f ikd f usi;f y
onf/ cdik Nf rKdUe,fEiS hf vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm; yl;aygif;yg0if vkyaf qmifMu&m yGaJ wmfBuD;rSm atmifjrifvo
S nf/
OD;udu
k Bkd uD;onf taxGaxG xGuu
f ek ?f 0ifuek f ukeo
f nfBuD;rsm;ESihf uefxdu
k v
f yk if ef;rsm;udk vkyaf qmifvsuf
&efuek Nf rKdUwGif aexkid v
f sufo
dS nf/
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* - td;k a0r*Zif;aumfrwD (1952-1953)
ud,
k k (trIaqmif) udak usmaf tmif (twGi;f a&;rSL;) udb
k aumif; (tdak 0wm0efct
H ,f'w
D m) udpk ed o
f if;-bDat (aiGxed ;f ) roef;oef; (trIaqmif)
udkausmfaX;(trIaqmif) udkodef;atmif(tvkyfwm0efcH)
419
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* trIaqmiftzGUJ (1952- 1953)
udkwifhvGif
vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh
ausmif;om;
aygif;oif;qufqHa&; oufomacsmifcsda&;
aemufwef; -
udkbaumif;
tdk;a0wm0efcH
udkBudKif
'k-Ou|
udk0if;armif
upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rI
jrifhwifa&;wm0efcH
udkudkBuD;
Ou|
udkatmifbef;
udkpdefoif;-bDat
taxGxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
udkausmf0if;
wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh
owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;wm0efcH
aiGxdef;
udkoef;armif
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
udkMunfGefh
EkdifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;wm0ef
420
aSUwef; - udkcifarmifjrifU
wuov
kd af usmif;om;yGaJ wmfusi;f ya&;aumfrwD &efuek w
f uov
kd f (1952-1953)
aSw
Y ef; - udck spNf rKid f
udkwifUvGif
udkudkBuD; rpwmwDau'wm;
udkbaumif;
b@ma&;
upm;ckefpm;NydKifyGJ
Ou|
,Ofaus;rIuyGJ
tcrf;tem;jyifqifa&;
qyfaumfrwDOu|
qyfaumfrwDOu|
qyfaumfrwDOu|
qyfaumfrwDOu|
aemufwef; - udkatmifrdk;
udk0if;aqG
udkatmifbef;
rpwmqm'g;qif;
udkpdk;rif;
b@ma&;qyfaumfrwD jyyGJNydKifyGJqyfaumfrwD taxGaxG ,Ofaus;rIuyGJqyfaumfrwD tcrf;tem;jyifqifa&;
twGif;a&;rSL;
twGif;a&;rSL;
twGif;a&;rSL;
twGif;a&;rSL;
qyfaumfrwDtwGif;a&;rSL;
rvma&mufolrsm;- udkodef;atmif (jyyGJNydKifyGJqyfaumfrwDOu|)? udk0if;armif (upm;ckefpm;NydKifyGJqyfaumfrwDtwGif;a&;rSL;)
wuo\ aqmifu
G cf surf sm;
aqmufvyk q
f aJ usmif;aqmifopfukd aSrU jS rif&yHk
aqmufvyk pf jyKaeaomausmif;aqmif
t0Dpw
d iG ;f (yk*aH usmif;aqmif;0if;twGi;f )
a&pif (yk*v
H rf;bufrS jrif&yH)k
421
wuo\ aqmifu
G cf surf sm;
ausmif;aqmifuu
kd rn;f xd;k xm;yHk (oxHak qmif)
aqmufvyk q
f t
J rsK;d orD;ausmif;aqmifopf
Ny;D qD;vkjzpfaom q&mrsm;a*[m
wuov
kd o
f r*taqmuftOD
oD&ad qmifausmif;olrsm;twGuf ,m,Dxrif;pm;cef;
trd;k opf (waumif;ausmif;aqmif)
pBueF v
f rf;opf (oxHEk iS t
Uf if;0tul;)
aqmufvyk af eaomausmif;aqmifrsm;udk urmGwXf mebufrjS rif&yHk
422
atmufwb
kd mausmif;wvydwaf &;vIyf mS ;rIwiG f jyif;xefpmG ESyd ef if;cH&yHu
k kd oa&mfxm;onfU ausmif;om;yJaG wmf umwGe;f vuf&mwck
423
ausmif;om;yJaG wmfvyI &f mS ;rIrsm;
rpef;vGif (tif;vsm;aqmif)
ppfuikd ;f ausmif;aqmif 'd;k ywftu
"gwfyHkNydKifyGJ yxrqk (vlkyfyHk)

kduful;ol- udkcifarmifaomif;
424
rMuif&D (oD&ad qmif)
ausmif;om;yJaG wmfvyI &f mS ;rIrsm;

u,m;vlrsK;d pktu
csi;f trsK;d om;rsm;\ vlrsK;d pktu
u&ifausmif;olrsm; paum0dik ;f tu
Sr;f udE&d t
D u
tdE,
d ausmif;ol\tu
ucsiv
f rl sK;d pktu
ynmodyaH usmif;olawG oDqakd eyHk
rvSoef;\ wyifwikd t
f u
425
tqdNk yKid yf 0GJ ifa&muf ,SONf yKid af eaom wuov
kd Mf unfrm
csi;f wGi;f cdik af usmif;om;rsm;\ td;k pnftzJYG
tcef; (16)
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDGwfa&;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif
(1954 rS 1955)
(u) Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf nDvmcH

atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHk ausmif;ydwfxm;aom&ufrsm; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHusif;y&ef pDpOfcJhMu
onf/ wuotaqmuftODwGif usif;y&ef toifhawmfqHk;jzpfaomfvnf; xdktaqmuftODudk AdkvfrSL;xGef;wif\
ppf&Jwyf&if; (22) rS &Jabmfrsm;ESifh 'DtufpftdkwdkYrS tydkifpD;xm;onf/ udkpdk;odrf;ESifh udktkef;armiftkyfpkrsm;onf
nDvmcH txajrmufa&;twGuf tjcm;tkyfpkrsm;ESifh vufwGJBudK;yrf;cJhMuonf/ nDvmcHudk yxr Munfhjrifwdkif
om"kausmif; wdkufwGif usif;y&ef pDpOfcJhMuonf/ odkYaomf tqdkygausmif;rSm wuodkvfESifh tenf;i,f
tvSrf;a0;aeaomaMumifh 4if;ausmif;wdkufwGif usif;y&ef tpDtpOfudk ajymif;vdkuf&onf/ qufvufae&mSmazG&m
wuodkvf &dyfomvrf; tif;vsm;uefapmif;Sd a0VK0efausmif;wdkufwGif usif;ycGifh&onf/ ausmif;0if;Sd Z&yfrsm;?
wefaqmif;rsm; wGif e,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk ae&mcsxm;onf/ nDvmcHcef;rtwGuf ausmif;0if;twGif;
ta&;ay:,m,Dr@yf xdk;&onf/ e,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk ausmif;0if;twGif;yif rdrdwdkY tpDtpOft& csufjyKwf
ay;&onf/ ,cktBudrf nDvmcH&m pifNydKifrSdacs/ oefYSif;wdkY\ AuorSm tiftm;vHk;yg;yg;oGm;jcif;ESifhtwl wjznf;
jznf; aysmufoGm;onf/
&JpakH xmufrsm;uvnf; nDvmcHusi;f y&m ausmif;ywf0ef;usiw
f iG f 0dik ;f 0dik ;f vnfaeonf/ 1954 ck Zefe0g&Dv
(1) &ufaeYrS (3) &ufaeYtxd wwd,tBudrfajrmuf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHudk
usif;ycJhonf/ nDvmcHodkY NrdKUe,faygif; (32) NrdKUe,f? cdkifaygif; (21) cdkifESifh rEav;wuodkvf? &efukefwuodkvf?
armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;or*rsm;rS ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; wufa&mufMuonf/ ud,
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rsm;ESifh {nfhonfawmfrsm;onf tifwdkuftm;wdkuf wufa&mufvmMuonf/ nDvmcHodkY1/ urmhNidrf;csrf;a&;uGef*&uf (ArmEdkifiH)
2/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;aumfrwD
3/ trsKd;om;nDGwfa&; ygvDreftiftm;pk
426
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

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5/ jynfolUvli,f
6/ ausmif;om;rsm;or* Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;
8/ Armjynftvkyform;tzGJUcsKyf
9/ atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;jzifh &efukefwuodkvfrS xGufajy;wdrf;aSmifae&aom ausmif;om;
acgif;aqmifrsm; paom toif;tzGJUrsm; (9) zGJUxHrS o0PfvTmrsm; ay;ydkYcJhMuonf/ nDvmcHwGif trsKd;rsKd; tcuftcJ
SdHkru pdwfcsat;csrf;pGm usif;yEdkifjcif;rSd? nDvmcH&ufwGif ausmif;om;wdkUonf tjyifxGufEdkifjcif; rSdyg/ w
&ufwGif udktkef;armifonf udkausmfomxGef;ESifhtwl pD;u&uf tjyifxGuf0,f&m &JpHkaxmufrsm;u 0ifqGJonf/
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odkYaomf nDvmcHonf rnfrQBuD;rm;aom tE&m,fjzpfap jzwfoef; ausmfvTm;EdkifcJhonf/
ausmif;om;rsm; rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;cHae&csdef ausmif;aep&dwf BuD;jrifhaecsdef ausmif;oHk;
ud&d,mwefzdk;rsm; jrifhwufaecsdef ausmif;taqmuftODrsm; rvHkravmufjzpfaecsdef nDvmcHBuD;udk atmifjrifpGm
usif;yEdkifcJhonfrSm ausmif;om;xktwGuf wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifaom qkvmbfwckyif jzpfonf/ nDvmcHwGif wufa&muf
vmMuaom tNrdKUNrdKUrS ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf atmufwdkbm ta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfouf rdrdwdkU vIyfSm;
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ausmif;om;rsm; nDGwfaoG;pnf;oGm;rnfudk pdk;&drfonf/ nDGwfjcif;jzifh tcGifhta&;rsm; awmif;qdkvmrnfudk
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nDvmcHudk pifNydKifoabmrsKd; usif;y&ef pdkif;jyif;vmonf/ 'DtufpftdknDvmcHudk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHESifh
wNydKifwnf; usif;yonf/ AuotzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHodkY oGm;rnfhudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; usif;yMuonfh 4if;wdkY\ NrdKUe,f?
cdkif zqyv Ou|rsm; vufrSwfESifhwuG ausmif;om;rsm;udk 'Dtufpftdk nDvmcHodkY twif;vTwfonf/ aiGaMu;
axmufyhHonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHtaMumif; oGm;ykyfavvGifh xkwfvTifhonf/ 'DtufpftdknDvmcHudk if;wdkU
odrf;ydkufxm;onfh &efukefwuodkvfor* taqmuftODwGif usif;yonf/ 0efBuD; OD;ausmfNidrf; udk,fwdkifvm
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427
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428

(*-2)
rEav;cdkif (ruo) ausmif;om;rsm;or*\ tpD&ifcHpm

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umuG,af &;acgif;aqmifrsm;? zqyv qdk ,
S v
f pfwYkd \ om;orD;rsm; yg0ifMuonf/ tcsKdUausmif;om;awGu rvkycf sif
bJESifh rdb'kua&mufrSmpdk; 0ifvkyfMu&onf/ 'gayr,fh ausmif;om;xktrsm;pkuawmh 'Dtufpftdkudk vufrcHMuay/
429
(*-6)
a';'&JNrdKYe,fausmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcHpm
atmufwb
kd m ausmif;wvydwaf &;twGuf wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm; awmif;qdq
k EjyrIrsm;aMumifh wuov
kd f
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; a&ydkuf? rsuf&nf,dkAHk;udk toHk;jyKHkru aoewfESifhypf? dkufESufzrf;qD;jcif;wdkUudk igwdkU
a';'&JNrdKUe,f ausmif;om;rsm;or*u Iwfcs wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;wvydwfa&; awmif;qdkcsuf
onf w&m;rQw axmufcaH Mumif;ESihf ausmif;om;rsm;udk wzufowf tMurf;zufErdS Ef iS ;f jcif;udk Iwcf sonft
h aeESihf
zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;vTwf&efESifh aemufxyfrzrf;qD;&ef (3) &ufwdwd qEjycJhMu ygonf/
(*-7)
bdkuav;NrdKYe,f ausmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcHpm

wuov
kd f ausmif;wvydwaf &;udk axmufco
H nft
h aeESihf atmufwb
kd mv (10) &ufaeYwiG f igwdYk bdu
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ausmif;om;xk (500) cefYrQESihf usif;yEdik cf o
hJ nf/ zqyvwdUk onf igwdYk \ qEjyrnfh taMumif;odojzifh ausmif;om;
or*onf oydwfarSmufawmhrnf[k owif;vTifhNyD; ausmif;om;? rdb? q&m? pHkaxmuft&mSdrsm;ESifh enf;trsKd;rsKd;
oHk;NyD; aESmifh,SufcJhMuonf/ aemufqHk; zqyv acgif;aqmifrsm; rsufESmajymifwdkufNyD; vkyfcJhaom zsufqD;rIrsm;
rxda&mufcahJ y/ igwdUk ausmif;om;or*onf tcuftcJrsm;aMumifh wGeUf qkwjf cif; rSb
d J txufwef;ausmif;aSU
crf;em;pGm qEjyEdkifcJhayonf/ wuodkvf ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rItm; trIaqmif? twef;trIaqmifrsm;rSwqifh
tjzpfrSefudk ausmif;om;xkESifh NrdKUrd? NrdKUzwdkUtm; Sif;vif; azmfjyEdkifcJhonf/
(*-8)
jynfckdifausmif;om;rsm;or*\ tpD&ifcHpm
wuodkvfausmif;wvydwfa&;? rydwfa&;[m igwdkU jynfNrdKUudk *,ufdkufvmonf/ uJhodkY *,ufdkuf
vmonfhtcgrSm igwdkUonf NrdKUe,for* trIaqmifeJU nDvmcHtpnf;ta0;udk (5? 10? 53) &ufaeY rSm ac:,lNyD;
(1) ausmif;wvydwfa&; rSefuef axmufcHjcif;
(2) ausmif;wGi;f wuov
kd t
f a&; tpnf;ta0; rvky&f qdak om tpd;k &\ yk'rf (144) trdeYf ukd w
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jynfNrdKU ygvDreftrwf EdkifiHjcm;a&;Xme OD;vSarmif[m igwdkYor*udk ac:,lNyD; olUtdrfrSmwzufu Ncdrf;
ajcmuf? wzufu vufbuf&nf? rkefY? pD;u&ufwdkuf acsmhjrLNyD; aqG;aEG;yGJvkyfvmonf/ odkYaomf igwdkUonf
rwkev
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NrdKUe,frsm;udk 'Dtufpt
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]]ausmif;om;rdbtoif;}} qdNk yD; olwUkd twGi;f u vlwa,mufu Ou|utp trIaqmifrsm;tqH;k pmGuf wGuaf y:rSm
a&;xm;wmawGudk zwfjywifoGif;NyD; bmrS rar;awmhbJ twnfjyKoGm;onf/ aemufxyf ausmif;wvydwfa&;?
uGefjrLepf ausmif;om;ta&; raxmufcHbl;[k qHk;jzwfMuonf/ (15) &ufydwfa&;udk axmufcHMuonf/ odkYaomf
NrdKUay:u ausmif;om;rsm; ? rdbrsm;yg igwdkY BudKwif Sif;vif;xm;cJhEdkifvdkU tMuHratmifbJ bmrS vIyfvIyfSm;Sm;
rjzpfcJhbJ if;wdkUom tlaMumifaMumif jzpfoGm;cJhonf/
(*-9)
o&ufcdkifausmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcHpm
wuodkvf atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfouf owif;pmrsm;rS wqifh awGUMuHK cJh&onf/
xdkYaMumifh wuodkvfausmif;om;ta&;onf rSefuefonf[k ,lqum axmufcHonfhtaeESifh ausmif;w&ufrwufbJ
qEjyMu&ef vkyfaqmifEdkifcJhonf/ wGif ykvdyftzGJUESifh zqyvygwDwdkY cdkifor*\ ajcvSrf;udk apmifhMunfhvm
Muonf/ cdkifor*\ pnf;vHk;nDGwfrIudk NzdKcGJ&ef enf;vrf;&Sm Ncdrf;ajcmuf wcg? aiGay; acsmhjrL wvSnfhjzifh
if;wdkY npfywfcJhMuaomfvnf; cdkifor*\ nDGwfa&;rSm MuHUMuHUcdkifcdkif wnfjrJcJhonf/
(*-10)
rauG;cdkifausmif;om;or* tpD&ifcHpm
igwdkU rauG;cdkifausmif;om;or*onf atmufwdkbm ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkudk jyif;jyif;xefxef
axmufccH MhJ uonf/ igwdUk rauG;NrdKUrSm atmufwb
kd m ausmif;om;ta&;ESihf ywfoufNyD; rauG;NrdKU vli,f pmMunfw
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kd f
430

wGif ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf NrdKUvlBuD;rsm;udk zdwaf c: Si;f jyNyD; axmufccH MhJ uonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk rzrf;&ef? zrf;xm;ol
rsm;udk tjrefq;kH jyefvw
T &f ef? ausmif;xkwx
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h qdrk sm;
wifoGif;qHk;jzwfNyD;? oufqdkif&m Xmersm;udk ydkUcJhonff/
(*-11)
rHk&GmNrdKYrausmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcHpm
(4? 12? 53) &ufaeYwGif ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJusif;yum?
(1) udkaZmfrif;tm; tjrefqHk;vTwf&ef?
(2) wuodkvfta&;ESifhywfouf zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm;udk vTwf&ef?
(3) wuodkvfta&;ESifh ausmif;xkwfxm;olrsm;udk ausmif;jyefoGif;&ef?
(4) ausmif;om;xktay:wGif zdESdyfrIrsm;udk IwfcsaMumif;udk qHk;jzwfNyD; vSnfhvnf qEjyMuayonf/
'DZifbmv (4) &uf ausmif;om;xkqEjyyGJwGif 'Dtufpftdkrsm; vdkufvHaESmuf,Sufojzifh ausmif;om;
xkBuD;u rcH&yfEdkifjzpfum 'Dtufpftdkrsm;udk cJESifhayguf armif;xkwfaomaMumifh xdef;odrf;Mu&onf/
(*-12)
armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcHpm
Edk0ifbmv (1) &ufaeY aeUpGJyg tmPmydkifwdkU\ xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf w&yfu ausmif;om;xk vGwfvyfpGm
pnf;H;k ajymqdck iG hf r&oavmuf csKyfcs,fxm;ygonf/ (Oyrm -or*ukd rSwyf w
kH ifcikd ;f jcif;? tcef;wGi;f (4) em&DveG u
f
a[majympnf;Hk;cGifhrjyK? rSwfyHkrwifxm;aom toif;tzGJUrsm;onf ausmif;0if;wGif; tpnf;ta0;vkyfcGifhrSd/) odkY
jzpfaomaMumifh armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*taeESifh aemufxyfajcvSrf; rwdk;EdkifcJhay/ ESpfOD;rS
aG;aumuf wifajrmufaom trIaqmifwcsKdUrSm atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfouf (7) &ufrQ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif
cHc&hJ onf/ tajctaeudk tcGiahf umif;,l &efuek 'f rD u
kd &ufwpfausmif;om;tzGUJ csKyf 'Dtufpt
f rkd S pnf;H;k a&;rSL;rsm;udk
tvsiftjref apvTwfum 'DtufpftdktzGJUudk zGJUpnf;vdkuf\/ odkYaomf 'DtufpftdktzGJUrSm ajymyavmufatmif tiftm;
rSday/
(*-13)
yJcl;cdkifausmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcHpm
atmufwb
kd m ausmif;om;ta&; ray:rD cdik t
f wGi;f Sd e,frsm;\ qufqrH rI mS avsmw
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tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;Sdaom NrdKUe,frsm;uvnf; rdrdwdkU e,fy,fSd ausmif;om;rsm;udk pkpnf;Edkif&ef tjcm;ta&;
udpr sm; pwifvyk af qmifae&ojzifh wNrdKUe,fEiS hf wNrdKUe,f qufqaH &;rSm nhzH sif;cJyh gonf/ atmufwb
kd m ausmif;om;
ta&;awmfyHk ay:aygufvmaom tcsdefwGif e,fSd ausmif;om;xkrSm wuf<upnf;Hk;NyD;? nDGwfa&; &Sdvmygonf/
atmufwdkbm ausmif;om;ta&;wGif Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;? rdbrsm;tm; aemufydkif;rS ajcxdk;jcif;ESifh ajcIyfaom pDtdkif'Drsm;
tMum;rS wuodkvf ausmif;om;ta&;udk axmufcHaom aMunmpmwrf;rsm; NrdKUay:wGif a0iScJhMuygonf/ atmufwdk
bm (12) &ufwGif yJcl;cdkif ausmif;om;xk qEjyvSnfhvnfyGJrsm; jyKvkyfrnfudk tqrwef Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;ESifh
ausmif;om;rdbudkyg Ncdrf;ajcmufojzifh vSnfhvnfyGJ rjzpfajrmufcJhay/ odkUaomf qEjyonfh taeESifh atmufwdkbm
(12) &ufaeUwGif yJcl;NrdKUay:Sd ausmif;wdkif; aeUw0uf ausmif;rwufbJ qEjycJhMuygonf/ yJcl;cdkiftwGif;Sd
ausmif;om;xkonf zdESdyfrIrsm; jyif;xefvmavav rw&m;rIrsm; ydkrsm;vmavav ydk nDGwfvm aeNyD jzpfaMumif;/
(*-14)
awmifilcdkifausmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcHpm
wuov
kd f ausmif;om;rsm;ta&; ay:aygufvmNyD; e,foUkd ul;puf ysUH ESYH vmNyD;aemuf ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol
wdkif;wdkU\ &oifh&xdkufaom tcGifhta&;ESifh &ifqdkifae&aom jyemrsm;udk pdwf0ifpm;vmMuonf/ trSm;trSefudk
a0zefvmMuonf/ (33) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeUwGif ausmif;om;xk (5000) ausmf csDwuf pnf;Hk;vsuf
ynma&;pepf jrifhwifay;&ef paomtqdkrsm;udk csrSwfawmif;qdk a<u;aMumfqEjycJhMuonf/ (15) Budrfajrmuf
ausmif;om;aeUwGif zrf;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm; vTwfay;a&;? ausmif;om;rsm;udk rcsKyfcs,fa&;? ausmif;topfrsm;
aqmufay;a&; paom &J&Jawmuf a<u;aMumfoHrsm;ESifh awmifilESifh jzL;NrdKUe,fwGif usif;y jyKvkyfcJhonf/
431
(*-15)
[oFmwcdkifausmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcHpm
&efukefwuodkvf atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfouf 'Drdkua&pD pnf;0dkif;twGif;wGif
pnf;urf;ao0yfpmG qEjyaeonfh ausmif;om;xkukd rw&m;zdEydS zf rf;qD;jcif;? aoewfEiS hf ypfjcif;paom zufqpfqefqef
jyKrlaom tpdk;&tm; IwfcsaomtaeESifh vnf;aumif;? zrf;qD;jcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh 'Pf&mxdcdkufcH&aom
ausmif;om;rsm;udk ukPmoufaMumif; xkwfazmfjyo&eftwGuf vnf;aumif; atmufwdkbmv (10) &ufaeYwGif
NrdKUe,for*rS OD;pD;um ausmif; (3) ausmif;wGif qEjyoydwfw&ufudk wNydKifwnf; arSmufcJhMuonf/ jrefatmif?
MuHcif;NrdKUrsm;wGif 'Dtufpt
f zkd UJG pnf;a&;twGuf 0efBuD;OD;xGe;f 0if;? ocifcspaf rmifwUkd a&mufcphJ Ofu 'Dtufpt
f zkd UJG pnf;&ef
jyKvkyMf uonfukd 'Dtufpt
f kd rzGUJ pnf;vdak Mumif;? ausmufcrJ sm;? oHy;kH rsm;wD; tpnf;ta0;cef;rS armif;xkwcf MhJ uonf/
t*FylNrdKUwGifvnf; xdkuJhodkYyif pnf;Hk;a&;rSL; udkxGef;vGiftm; oHyHk;wD; armif;xkwfvdkufMuonf/ ZvGefNrdKUwGif
ygvDreftrwfESifh qdkS,fvpfrsm;u ausmif;q&mrsm;tm; 'DtufpftdktzGJUudk tmPmoHk; twif;zGJUaponfudk
ausmif;om;rsm;u rzGJUcJhay/ odkYESifh ygvDreftrwfrsm;u 'Dtufpftdkw&m;a[mNyD; 'DtufpftdktzGJUudk tmPmoHk;
twif;zGJUaponfudk ausmif;om;rsm;u rzGJUcJhay/ odkUESifh ygvDreftrwfrsm;u 'Dtufpftdkw&m;a[mNyD; 'Dtufpftdk
zGJUvdku rwfwyf&yf&ef ausmif;om;rsm;tm;ajym&m wOD;wa,mufrQ r&yfbJ xdkifaeonfudk awGU&onf/ xdkYaemuf
ausmif;om;xkonf ]'Dtufpftdk tvdkrSd} [laom a<u;aMumfoHudk atmf tpnf;ta0;cef;rS xGufcJhMuonf/
xdktcg ygvDreftrwfESifh qdkS,fvpfrsm;onf 'DtufpftdktzGJU zGJU&eftwGuf ausmif;wGiftvkyfvkyfaom rif;aptm;
Ou| wifajrmuf 'DtufpftdktzGJUudk zGJUpnf;vdkufMuawmhonf/
(*-16)
rtlyifcdkifausmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcHpm
&JabmfwdkY &efukefwuodkvfwGif jzpfysufcJhaom atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkwGif tpdk;&\
jyKrlcsufrsm;onf vHk;0rw&m;[k igwdkY ,HkMunf wuodkvfausmif;rsm;\ ausmif;om;xkrsm;tm; axmufcHaom
tm;jzifh igwdkY tpnf;ta0;yGJrsm;? pDwef;vSnfhvnf qEjyyGJrsm;jzifh uefYuGufqEjy&ef BudK;pm;cJhMuonf/ odkYaomf
vnf; tmPmydkifwdkY\ trsKd;rsKd; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;aMumifh igwdkYyif xGufajy;wdrf;aSmifae&ojzifh trIaqmif
tpnf;ta0;udk vQKdU0Sufac:,lum tpdk;&\ tjyKtrlrsm;udk vHk;0IwfcsaMumif; tqdkrsm; qHk;jzwfEdkifMuHkom tajct
aet& wwfEkdifcJhonf/
(*-17)
ajrmif;jrcdkif ausmif;om;or* tpD&ifcHpm

Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ 4? 10? 53 aeYpGJyg TefMum;csuft& &efukefwuodkvfrS ausmif;om;rsm;tm;
zrf;qD;jcif;? a&ydkufESifh yufjcif;? rsuf&nf,dkAHk;ESifh ypfjcif;? aoewfESifhypfjcif; ponfwdkYtwGuf tpdk;&tm; Iwfcs
aMumif;ESifh wuodkvfausmif;rsm; ausmif;om;xkwdkufyGJrsm;tm; axmufcHaMumif; qEjyonfh vSnfhvnfyGJwckudk
ausmif;om; (300) cefYu um; (4) pD;jzifh NrdKUwGif;vSnfhvnf a<u;aMumfqEjycJhonf/ jrefrmjynf cdkifESifh NrdKUe,frsm;
wdkif;wGif 'Dtufpftdkac: tcGifhta&;Smorm; ausmif;om;rsm; wdk;0ifMuouJhodkY ajrmif;jrcdkifwGifvnf; wuodkvfrS
'Dtufpt
f kd pnf;H;k a&;rSL;rsm; a&mufv
dS m ajrmif;jrcdik f ausmif;om;or*EiS hf aqG;aEG;vmonf/ odYk aomf ajrmif;jrcdik f
ausmif;om;or*trIaqmifrsm;rS oGm;a&mufawGUqHk aqG;aEG; wuodkvfrsm;ta&;udk ar;cGef;xkwf zqyv\
om;axG;rsm; rsufvHk;jyL;apNyD; vufavsmhapcJhonf/ wzef if;wdkYrS NrdKUay:Sd trwfrsm;? tmPmydkifrsm;rS csKyfudkifNcdrf;
ajcmufEkdifaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om; tcsKdUtm; ausmif;om;xkaSUwGif r[kwfbJ w&m;r0if 'Drdkua&pDryDoaom
zGJUpnf;jcif;jzifh trwftdrfwGif 'Dtufpftdk zGJUpnf;jcif;udk zGJUpnf;vdkufMuonf/ ausmif;om;or*rS OD;pD;aom trsKd;
om;aeY jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwDtm; tzGJUaygif;pHktm; zdwfMum;vsuf kyfSifHkBuD;wGif zGJUpnf; tpdk;& txufwef;
ausmif;aSU abmvHk;uGif;wGif NrdKUvlxk (500) ausmf wufa&mufaom trsKd;om;aeYudk usif;yEdkifcJhonf/
if; (33) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;aeYrS1/ ausmif;om;xk nDGwfa&;tqdk?
2/ 'Drdkua&pD umuG,fa&;tqdk?
3/ wuodkvfausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;xkwfxm;aom ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyefoGif;a&;paom tqdkrsm;?
wifoGif; qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ 15? 12? 53 aeYpGJyg TefMum;vTmt& (15) Budrfajrmuf ausmif;
om;aeYudk usif;ycJhonf/ if;ausmif;om;aeY usif;y&mwGif ausmif;aSU abmvHk;uGif;wGif usif;ycGifh&aomfvnf;
yk'fr (144) trdefY xkwfxm;ojzifh or*trIaqmiftcsKdU toHcsJUpufjzifh NrdKUwGif; vdkufvHzdwfMum;&mrS acwtzrf;
432

cH&onf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;xkonf pnf;vHk;nDGwfpGm usif;yNyD; 'Drdkua&pDynma&;? wuodkvfausmif;rsm;rS
ausmif;xkwfxm;olrsm;tm; tjrefqHk;jyefoGif;a&; tqdkrsm;udk wnDwGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfcJhMuonf/
(*-18)
xm;0,fcdkifausmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcHpm
&JabmfwdkY wuodkvfrsm; atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHkudk axmufcH&efESifh NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;udk Sif;vif;wdkifMum;&ef
aMunmpmwrf;rsm; yHkESdyfwdkufodkY oGm;a&muf dkufESdyfaomfvnf; tmPmydkifrsm;\ zdESdyfrIudk aMumufGHUojzifh b,fyHk
ESdyfwdkufrS dkufray;&JMubl;? 'gaMumifh trsKd;rsKd;BudK;pm;vdkYr&awmh aemufqHk; owif;pmrsm;toif;udk oGm;NyD; ausmif;
om;acgif;aqmifrsm;u vwfwavm ay:aygufaewJh Armjynfausmif;om;ta&;udk Sif;vif;wifjy wkdifwef;vdkuf
Muonf/ zqyv r@dKifowif;pmu 'Dudpudk r[kwfrw&m;rsm;udk vkyfMuHa&;cJhonff/
odkYjzifh wwd,tBudrfajrmuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHwGif jynfe,fESifh cdkif udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf
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av;pm;pGmyefMum;tyfygonf/ 1953 atmufwdkbm ausmif;wpfvydwfa&;ESifh ywfouf uRefawmfrsm;tm;
&efukefwuodkvfESifh rEav;wuodkvfrS &moufyefausmif;xkwfjcif; cHcJh&ygonf/
1953 atmufwdkbm ausmif;wpfvydwfa&;udk uRefawmfrsm;tygt0if &efukefwuodkvf? rEav;
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awmif;qdk&mwGif uRefawmfrsm;onf atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;rSm ausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;tusKd;ESifh
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yef ausmif;xkwjf cif; cHae&onft
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rod vufcHrdvQifvnf; ausmif;xkwfcH&rSef; odvQifodjcif; csufjcif;tvkyfrS xkwfypfcH&onf/
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&ef rsm;pGmvdkvm;awmifhwvsuf Sdolrsm; jzpfygonf/
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434
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kd m ausmif;wvydwaf &;ta&;awmfykH
ay:aygufvmjcif; ponfwdkYjzifh tqdkyg wESpfvHk;onf wdkufyGJumv jzpfcJhonf/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk
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cg;jywfomG ;jcif;rS/d oufqikd &f mtmPmydik Ef iS hf ausmif;om;xkMum;wGif wif;rmvsuf So
d nf/ xdyk nmoifEpS f tjzpft
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xdkwESpfvHk; ausmif;om;or* rSdjcif;onf ausmif;om;xkudk w&m;0ifudk,fpm;jyKEdkifaom tzGJUtpnf;rSd
ouJhodkYjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;xktwGuf rsm;pGmepfemaponf/ xdkYaMumifh &efukefwuodkvfSd toif;tzGJUaygif;pHk
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435
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/ aS;wuov
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436

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om,maom wuodkvfausmif;om;avmuBuD;udk zefwD;wnfaxmif taumiftxnfazmfEdkifrnfudk
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wyfOD; ay:aygufvmzdkYtwGuf atmufyg tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;ay:wGif rlwnf&ayvdrfhrnf/
(u) Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;/
(c) ausmif;om;ôlwdkY\ jyemt&yf&yfrsm;udk ausmif;om;xk\ qEt&omvQif ajzSif;vkyf
aqmifa&;/
(*) ausmif;om;ôlwdkY\ ta&;tcif;rsm;udk ajzSif;&mwGif rdrdouf0if,HkMunfaom EdkifiHa&;0g'a&;&m
rsm;? vHk;0rpGufzuf? ryg0ifapa&;/
(C) rnfonfh jyemrsm;rqdk w&m;Oya'abmiftwGi;f rS tjyKoabmjzifh at;Nidr;f onfh enf;oufouf
jzifh vkyfaqmifa&;/
txufwifjyyg tcsufBuD; (4) csufay:wGif rlwnf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; awGUMuHKcHpm;ae&aom
'kutzHkzHkwdkYrS uif;vGwfa&;twGuf &JabmfwdkY\ pdwfxJ0,f ausmif;om;xktay:wGif xm;Sdaomapwemonf
b,mtwGufr[kwf/ o'gtwGufomjzpfygu wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;wyfOD;BuD;udk zGJUpnf;&ef uREkfyfwdkY
oefYiS ;f aomausmif;om;xkEiS t
hf wl yl;aygif; aqG;aEG;aqmifu
G Mf uap&ef uREyfk w
f Ykdu av;pm;pGm zdwaf c:tyfygaMumif;/
cifaqG
oefhSif;aomausmif;om;xk
&efukefwuodkvf
xdkacwfumvu ausmif;om;tajctaersm;udk jyefMunfhvQif NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? zufqpf*syef
awmfveS af &;? vGwv
f yfa&;BudK;yrf;rIrsm;wGif yg0ifcahJ om ausmif;om;wdYk\ tcef;u@rSm vGwv
f yfa&; &NyD;onfah emuf
jynfwGif;ppf vdIif;wHydk;Mum;wGif tiftm;NydKifqdkifaom EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;Mum; ausmif;om;trsm;onfvnf;
tkyfpktrsKd;rsKd;uGJum tpdk;&ESifh ausmif;om;wdkufyGJyHkpH jzpfvmonf/ vufSdtkyfcsKyfaeaom zqyvtpdk;&onf e,fcsJU
tpd;k &ae&modYk a&mufo
dS mG ;NyD; ausmif;om;wdYk onf twdu
k t
f cHtiftm;pk\ yHpk rH sK;d jzpfomG ;onf/ 'Dru
kd a&pD ppfreS af om
tpdk;&w&yfjzpfcJhvQif ausmif;om;xkESifh tpdk;&Mum;wGif jzpfay:aom jyemrsm;udk at;csrf;pGm ajzSif;ay;Edkifrnfjzpf
onf/ odYk aomf zqyvtpd;k &onf if;tpd;k &tzGUJ wGif yg0ifaom 0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ek? 0efBuD;OD;ausmfNidr;f ? 0efBuD;OD;&mSpw
f Ykd
437
onf wcsdefu ausmif;om;or*wGif acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfcJhNyD; e,fcsJUtpdk;&\ zdESdyfrIrsm;udk qefYusifawmfvSefcJhMu
aomfvnf; if;wdYk u,
kd w
f ikd f tpd;k &jzpfaomtcg ausmif;om;xku if;wdYk trSm;rsm;udk a0zefaxmufjy qefYusifMuaom
tcgwGif e,fcsJUtpdk;&xuf ydkrdkqdk;0g;aom zdESdyfrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdktjzpftysufudk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh pOf;pm;p&m
(2) ck jzpfvmonf/ ,aeYvufSd ausmif;om;xkonf aemiftcsdefwGif tpdk;&tzGJUwGif 0efBuD;rsm;jzpfvmaom tcg
ausmif;om;ta&;udprsm;udk if;wdkY rnfodkY ajzSif;Murnfenf;/ vufSdzqyvtpdk;& ajzSif;ouJhodkY ajzSif;rnf
qdv
k Qif ]'Dyyk x
f u
J 'Dy}J omjzpfrnf/ ausmif;om;qdo
k nfrmS rdbjynfow
l Ykd\ rw&m;zdEydS cf &H rI? pD;yGm;a&; tusyt
f wnf;
rajyvnfrIrsm;ay:wGif if;wdkYxH wdkufdkufoufa&mufNyD; rauseyfrIrsm; yGifhtHxGufvmwwfonf/ xdkrauseyfrIrsm;
rSwqifh qEjyyGJrsm;? oydwfarSmufrIrsm; jzpfay:vmNyD; tSdefjrifhvmaomtcg vlxkyg0ifvmMuum wdkufyGJtSdef
wjznf;jznf;jrifv
h mNyD; ta&;awmfyt
kH oGio
f Ykd ul;ajymif;um ausmif;om;wdYk onf wyfO;D ae&mrS wjznf;jznf;aemufoYkd
a&mufoGm;NyD; awmfvSefa&;orm;ESifh EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;u acgif;aqmifrIae&m a&mufSdvmonfudk (1300) jynfhta&;
awmfyHkwdkYu oufaocHaeonf/
ta&;awmfyu
kH mv Mumjrifv
h maomtcgwGif vdrm ,Ofaus;ygonfqakd om Edik if BH uD;om;yDoygonfqakd om
'Drdkua&pDjynfh0ygonfqdkaom EdkifiHBuD;rsm;wGifawmifrS qlyltMurf;zuf vk,ufrIrsm; jzpfay:vmayonf/ xdktcg
ta&;awmfyHkrS ta&;tcif;tjzpfodkY ul;ajymif;oGm;avonf/ ta&;tcif;odkY ul;ajymif;oGm;&jcif;rSm yg0ifaom
vlwef;pm;tvTmrsm;\ tawGUtMuHK &ifu
h surf rI Sjd cif;? jyifqifrt
I m;enf;jcif;? qefYusicf &H aom tpd;k &\ aoG;cGrJ rI sm;?
yrHwyfom;rsm;aMumifhvnf; yg0ifonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap ta&;awmfyHkESifh ta&;tcif;wdkY uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm odSdNyD;
ta&;awmfyHkwckudk atmifjrifpGm qifETJEdkif&eftwGuf tzufzufrS BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm; rsm;pGmvkdtyfayonf/
ed*;kH csKyf&vQif tpd;k &w&yfonf vlx\
k tusKd;pD;yGm;udk jynfph rkH eS u
f efpmG razmfaqmifEikd af o;ygu vlxt
k oH
onf ausmif;om;xkxrH S yGit
hf efxu
G v
f mayrnf/ xdYk aMumifh ausmif;om;vIyf mS ;rIEiS hf vlxv
k yI f mS ;rIonf jynfow
l Ykd \
pm;0wfaea&; ajyvnfrIay:wGif rSDaeonf/ odkYaomf xdktcsufrSm tpdwftydkif; wckomvQif jzpfonf/ 'Drdkua&pDESifh
vlUtcGifhta&; jynfh0rIESifhvnf; rsm;pGmoufqdkif aeayonf/ tpdk;&w&yfu ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDESifh vlUtcGifhta&;
jynfh0rIudk azmfaqmifEdkifygu if;wdkYudk qefYusifa0zefwdkufcdkufrIrsm; wjznf;jznf;avsmhenf; oGm;Edkifonf/ ausmif;
om;xkbufuvnf; tESprf ygaom vIyf mS ;rIrsm;udk azmfaqmifay;rnfh vuft
dS pd;k & arG;jrLxm;onfh ausmif;om;rsm;
\ vkyfaqmifrIudk owdxm;&ef vdktyfayonf/ tpdk;&wdkif;onf wuodkvfausmif;rsm;wGif if;wdkY\ vl,Hkrsm;arG;
onfrmS tpOftqufyifjzpfonf/ wcgw&H ESpf n
S v
f rsm; tkycf sKyfvakd om tpd;k &onf taMumif;jycsuf &S&d eftwGuf
jynfwGif; rNidrfoufrIrsm;udk zefwD;avhSdonf/ xdktcgrsKd;wGif wuodkvfausmif;rsm; if;wdkYarG;jrLxm;aom vl,Hk
rsm;rSwqifh vnf;aumif;? if;wdkY\ vufudkifwkwf tmPmydkif? ykvdyf? ppfwyf? &JwdkYudk toHk;jyK vnf;aumif;
rNidrfoufap&ef zefwD;avhSdonf/ xdkrNidrfoufrIrsm;udk taMumif;jy vufSdtpdk;&onf MumSnfpGm tcsdefqGJ
tkyfcsKyfEdkifonf/ ausmif;om;xkwdkYonf trSm;ESifhtrSef? w&m;rIESifh zdESdyfrI? rw&m;Oya'ESifh vdktyfaom pnf;urf;
Oya'rsm;udk cGjJ cm;Edik &f ef ta&;BuD;ayonf/ ausmif;om;xkta&;ESihf trsK;d om;a&; tESpo
f m&udk wdu
k yf yJG pkH H tedrt
hf jrif?h
tuefYtowfjzifh qifETJEdkif&ef ta&;BuD;ayonf/
438
wwd,tBurd f
ArmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzJUG csKyf nDvmcHBu;D
1954 ck Zefe0g&Dv (1 - 3) &uf
wuodkvf&dyfomvrf;? a0VK0efausmif;wdkuf
Source: ASO's Burma's Student Movement (DtKTT)
wwd,tBurd af jrmuf Auorsm;tzJcYG sKyf nDvmcHBu;D [k jrefrm-t*Fvyd f ESpb

f momjzifU wzufwcsupf w
D iG f
a&;om;vrf;Tex
f m;aom a0VK0efausmif; t0if0
439
Ou| udak Zmf0if; rdechf eG ;f ajymaepOf
f ikd af eolrmS udck ifarmifO;D udpk ;kd ode;f rdechf eG ;f ajymaepOf (vuf0zJ ufwiG x
twGi;f a&;rSL;jzpfNy;D ? obmywdtrnf rod)
udt
k ek ;f armif rdechf eG ;f ajymaepOf (xdik af eolrmS udak Zmf0if;jzpfonf)
nDv440
mcH tpnf;ta0;
rdechf eG ;f ajymol- trnfrod (xdik af eolrmS udak Zmf0if;jzpfonf)
udpk ed 0f if; (vuf0JbufwGif xdkifaeol) udk,fpm;vS,fcefhtyfvTmrsm;

ppfaq;Ny;D nDvmcHwufa&muforl sm;\ wHqyd rf sm; xkwaf y;aepOf
nDvmcH tpnf;ta0;
tpnf;ta0;&yfem;csed f (aYq
S ;kH rSvrl mS &efuek cf kid af usmif;om;rsm;or*-&uo
rS udak rmifarmifcifjzpfonf)
eH&u
H yf owif;vTmrsm;
nDvmcH\ owif;ESijUf yefMum;a&;Xme (taqmuftOD;xJwiG f aMunm

pmwrf;tpSo
d nfwu
hkd kd ku
d Ef ydS cf o
UJ nf)
441
xrif;pm;onfZU &yf
tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonfU Z&yfwiG f ud,

k pf m;vS,rf sm; ntdyMf upOf
tpnf;ta0;&yfem;csdefwGif tif;vsm;uefzuf vrf;avQmufMupOf (0JrS,m)trnfrod? udak usmo

f mxGe;f ? udpk ;kd ode;f ? udak Zmf0if;? udak tmifMunf
xrif;pm;MupOf
xrif;pm;MupOf (vSnMUf unfaU eolrmS udak usmo

f mxGe;f ? vuf0zJ ufwiG f
ZvHu
k ikd x
f m;olrmS udv
k aS qmifjzpfonf)
xrif;pm;MupOf (ukwt
f us0 wfxm;olrmS udv
k aS qmifjzpfonf)
udo
k uf - Auorsm;tzGcYJ sKy\
f Ou|tjzpf
aemufq;kH aqmifu
G cf o
UJ jl zpfNy;D 1962 ckEpS f
442
aemufyikd ;f wGif Auyodhk awmcdo
k mG ;Ny;D
awmwGi;f wae&m usq;kH oGm;onf/
&efuek Nf rKd Y tpnf;ta0; jyifqifaqmifu

G f
olrsm;
&yfaeolrsm; (0Jr,
S mod)hk - udjk rifo
U ed ;f ?
udpk ed 0f if;? udw
k ifatmif-&uo? trnfrod/
xdik af eolrsm; (0Jr,
S mod)hk - udak rmifarmifeG hf
(rif;vSGefhMuL;)? udkouf (&uo)?
udak usmo
f mxGe;f ? trnfrod/
ausmif;om;nDw
G af &;
wyfO;D wGif
yg0ifvyI &f mS ;cJo
h rl sm;
yif;,ausmif;aqmif (0Jr,
S m)
xdik af eolrsm;âYw
S ef;- udak tmifMunf?
udv
k aS qmif\tudk (trnfrod)?
aemufwef;- udt
k ek ;f armif?
udx
k eG ;f Munf? udpk ;kd ode;f ? trnfrod/
&yfaeolrsm;- trnfrod? udck spNf rKd i?f
udw
k ifaT? udpk ed 0f if;?
udak rmifarmifeG ?hf trnfrod?
udn
k Kd 0if;? udo
k mbef;? trnfrod/
yif;,ausmif;aqmif
aYw
S ef;- udak tmifMunf?
udak usmo
f mxGe;f ? trnfrod?
udjk rifo
U ed ;f /
aemufwef;- udpk ed 0f if;? udx
k eG ;f Munf?
udt
k ek ;f armif? trnfrod/
0JzufoHpumysufpD;aejcif;rSm
atmufygtaMumif;aMumifhjzpfonf/
,cifu 0ifaygufwGif
oHpumrsm;? oHbm*smwHcg;rsm;
rSdcJhbJ (atmufwdkbmausmif;wv
ydwfa&;vIyfSm;rIaemufydkif;[k
,lq&onf/) tcsdefrS
pwifwyfqifcJhonf/
if;aemufuefYuGufyJG wckwGif
ausmif;om;rsm; zsufpD;cJhMuonf/
udkombef;- &cdkiftrsKd;om; wOD;jzpfNyD; 1988 aemufydkif; jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf (,lteft,fvf'D) \
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pka&;&maumfrwD0ifESifh vkyfief;aumfrDwD0ifjzpfonf/ yxrtBudrf 1991 rS 1995 txd axmifcscH&onf/
,ckpmtkyfjyKpk&mwGif ulnDcJhrIjzifh 1998 wGif tzrf;cH&NyD; (6) ESpftMum 2004 ck ZlvdkifvwGif axmifrS jyefvGwfvmonf/
udkxGef;Munf- 1963 jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrfa&;aqG;aEG;yJGysufNyD;aemufydkif; AuyodkYawmcdkoGm;onf/ awmwGif;usqHk;onf/
443
yif;,ausmif;qmifEiS Uf ppfuikd ;f aqmifMum;

(0Jr,
S m)
aSw
Y ef;- udpk ed 0f if;? udak tmifMunf?
tjcm;olrsm;trnfrod
yif;,aqmifEiS Uf ppfuikd ;f aqmifMum;

(0JrS,m) udak Zmf0if;? udw
k ifaT? udck spo
f ed ;f OD; (pDwt
D )kd ?
udAk aqGav;
udkwifaT (rHkGmwifaT)- tJeft,fvf'D A[kdOD;pD;tzGJY0ifESifh
rEav;wdkif;wm0efcHjzpfNyD; 1990 Edk0ifbmwGif tzrf;cH&NyD;
axmif'Pf (19) ESpf csrSwfjcif;cH&onf/ 8? 6? 97 &ufaeY
touf(76) ESpf tG,fwGif uG,fvGefonf/
444
Source: Burma's Student Movement (DrKTT)
yif;,aqmiftwGi;f udak usmo

f mxGe;f aecJah om
tcef;aYw
S iG f (0Jr,
S m)
udjk rifo
h ed ;f ? udv
k aS qmif? udpk ;kd ode;f ?
udv
k aS qmif\tudk
ppfuikd ;f aqmifEiS Uf reD;ra0;wGif (0Jr,

S m)
trnfrod? udn
k Kd 0if;? udv
k aS qmif? udak usmo
f mxGe;f ?
udkausmfvdIif
udn
k Kd 0if;- 88 aemufydkif; jynfolYwdk;wufa&;ygwD\ wJGzuf
twGif;a&;rSL;? 'Drdkua&pDr[mrdwfrsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ twGif;
a&;rSL;jzpfNyD; ppftkyfpk\ zrf;qD;nOf;yrf;ESdyfpufrIaMumifh
1990 ckESpf? rwfv (8) &ufaeY touf (60) tG,fwGif
tif;pdefaxmifaq;HkwGif aoqHk;cJhonf/
udak usmv
f iId -f jynfolYwdk;wufa&;ygwDtzGJU0ifjzpfNyD; tif;pdef
axmif tusOf;uscHae&qJjzpfonf/
udak usmo
f mxGe;f - a'gufwmausmo
f mxGe;f onf 29? 12? 2000
ckESpfwGif *smrPDEdkifiHwGif uG,fvGefonf/
yif;,aqmifwiG f (0Jr,
S m)
trnfrod? udx
k eG ;f Munf? udv
k aS qmif
Source: Burma's Student Movement (DrKTT)
Auorsm;tzGcYJ sKyt
f wGuf
iSm;xm;cJah omoGww
f rJ mS *syq
f ifaumvdyEf iS hf
rsuEf mS csi;f qdik f jynfvrf;wzufwiG f Scd o
hJ nf/
(0Jr,
S m)
udkwifaT (rHkGm)? udkpdef0if; (xm;0,f)
udkpdef0if;- EdkifiHwuma&;&m t,f'DwmcsKyf
1988 Mo*kwfvqef;wGif &efukefNrdKYwGif uG,f
445
vGefonf/
udkouf
udAk aqGav;
udak rmifarmifeG hf (rif;vSeG Mhf uL;)
udpk ed 0f if;
OD;ndK0if;
OD;ausmo
f mxGe;f
OD;ombef;
OD;vSaT
udkvSaT- aemufqHk; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf (62) twGif;a&;rSL;tzGJU0if? 1988 ckESpfaemufydkif;wGif jynfolYwdk;wufa&;ygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;? ,ckpmtkyf
a&;om;&mwGif ulnDcJhojzifh 1998 ckESpfwGif tzrf;cH&NyD; o&ufaxmifrS 2005 ck? Zlvdkifv (6) &ufaeYwGif jyefvGwfvmonf/ axmif (6) Budrf
uscJhNyD;? (24) ESpfausmfcefY axmifwGif;b0 jzwfoef;cJh&onf/
Source: (left-right/ top-bottom) Oway, Oway, ASO, ASO,

GovtPub, DrTheinLwin, AAPPB, APPB, KTT, KTT
wuov
kd "f rmkaH Sw
Y iG f udak Zmf0if; rdecYf eG ;f ajymMum;aepOf
446
*syq
f ifaumvdyf taqmuftOD;wGif tpnf;ta0;wckvyk af epOf
tpnf;a0;acwem;csed f udt
k ek ;f armif (rsuEf mS csi;f qdik )f ESiUf udak tmifbef;
(wd;k wufâusmay;xm;ol) pum;ajymqdak eMupOf
tcef; (17)
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifh trsK;d om;a&;toGif
(1954 rS 1955)
(u) 1954-55 wuoa&G;aumufyGJ

1954-55 ckEpS f wuoaG;aumufyu
JG kd wuov
kd t
f mPmydik rf sm;\ tultnDjzifh usif;ycJo
h nf/ xdEk pS w
f iG f
ausmif;om;wdkif;onf wuotoif;0if jzpfvmonf/ a'gufwmomvS\ tultnDvnf; trsm;BuD;ygcJhonf/
xdEk pS f wuowGif wyfO;D onf wOD;wnf;NydKifae&ovdk jzpfaeonf/ aG;aumufyw
JG iG f Ou|tjzpf wyfO;D rS taG;cHEikd f
ol rSdcJhyg/ oefYSif;tiftm;pkrS udkwifxGef;udk pOf;pm;cJh&onf/ xdkESpf wuoaG;aumufyGJwGif wyfOD;udk,fpm;vS,f
tm;vHk; taG;cH&onf/
(c) 1954-55 wuotrIaqmiftzGJU

udkwifxGef; (oefYSif;)
Ou|
(aemif pdkufysKd;a&bPf? vufaxmufrefae*sm^

tmwD;,m;)
udkeefZifvm (ucsif ) 'k-Ou|
udkwifxGef; (ewfarmuf) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; tzGJUcsKyf?
twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif;? ausmif;wESpfxkwfcH&ol)
udkoef;wif
aiGxdef;
udkwifaT
trIaqmifrsm;
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
(aemif EdkifiHwuma&;&m t,f'DwmcsKyf)
udkcifarmiftkef;
t,f'Dwm
(tdk;a0r*Zif; t,f'Dwm)
udkwifxGef; (&cdkif)
trIaqmif
(ausmif;om;rsm;oufomacsmifcsda&;Xme? 0ga,m)
udkarmufZif (Srf;)
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; (owif;ESifh jyefMum;a&;wm0efcH)
447
udkapmSm;vrdefvS
udk0if;xG#f
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;
(EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;wm0efcH)
(vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;Xme)
(*) wuo aiG&wkobif

1954-55 ckEpS f ynmoifEpS rf mS wuo (25) ESpf oufwrf;jynfah omESpf jzpfonf/ xkYd aMumifh wuoaiG&wk
obifudk wuodkvfe,fajrwGif NcdrfhNcdrfhoJ usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ wyfOD;atmifyGJESifh wuo aiG&wkobifudk NcdrfhNcdrfhoJ
usif;yEdik cf o
hJ nf/ wuo aiG&wkobifrmS wuov
kd ef ,fajrwGif 'kw,
d tBudrf ausmif;om;yGaJ wmf jzpfonf/ 195253 ckESpf wdk;wufwdkYtaG;cH&pOf yxrtBudrfausmif;om;yGJawmf usif;ycJhonf/ wdk;wufwjzpfvJ wyfOD;wdkY\pnf;Hk;
a&; ydrk u
kd s,fjyefYvmonf/ aiG&wkobif usif;yEdik
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pwkwt
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wdkYonf zufqpfpepftm; qefYusifonfh *sifhatmfyvDwJvf Jan Opletal* (aq;ausmif;om;tm;) owfjzwfypfonfh
twGuf qEjycJh&m *smrefzufqpfonf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; ypfowfjcif;? ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ya&mfzuf
qmrsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; emZDoHkYyef;pcef;odkY ydkYjcif;? wuodkvfausmif;tm; ydwfcJhjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh urmt&yf&yfSd ausmif;om;wdkYonf Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYa&mufvmvQif zufqpfpepftm;
tNyD;wdkif acsrIef;a&;t"d|mefcsrSwfum urmhausmif;om;aeYudk usif;ycJhMuygonf/ aeYudk urmhausmif;om;rsm;
or*BuD; ay:aygufvmaomtcg urmhausmif;om;aeY[k owfrSwfcJhonf/
(p) oHk;cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfjyem

'kwd,urmppfBuD; NyD;onfhaemuf &efukefwuodkvfwGif ppfrwdkifrDu (2000) ausmfSd&mrS ppfBuD;tNyD;wGif
(8000) ausmftxd jzpfvmonf/ xdktcsdef &efukefwuodkvf vdktyfcsufrsm; tjrJay:aygufaeNyD; tusyftwnf;rsm;
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OD;a& enf;ap&ef wuodkvfpmar;yGJrsm; tustIH; jyKvkyfcJhjcif;? wuodkvf0ifpmar;yGJudk (7) wef;atmifrS ajz&rnf[k
owfrSwfcJhjcif;? wuokdvfwGif (3) cgusvQif ausmif;xGuf&rnf qdkaom (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk 195455 ckESpfrS pwif usifhoHk;vmcJhonf/ xdkpepfaMumifh ausmif;om; &maygif;rsm;pGm wuodkvf ynmoifMum;cGifh
r&bJ xGufcGmoGm;cJh&onf/ xkdpepfonf ynma&;tqifhjrifhwif&ef &nfG,fcsuf r[kwfbJNote*-
448
The date commemorates the 1939 Nazi storming of the University of Prague after demonstrations against
the killing of Jan Opletal* and the occupation of Czechoslovakia, and the execution of nine student leaders,
over 1200 students sent to concentration camps, and the closing of all Czechoslovakian universities and
colleges. The day was first marked in 1941 in London by the International Students' Council. (Wikipedia)

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449
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450

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xm0pOfta&;vnf;jzpfay&m usaemfwdkY ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh twlyg0if ulnDaqmifGufum zqyv qdkS,fvpf
tpd;k &\ rw&m;pmar;yGcJ s ausmif;xkwo
f nfh pepfukd ,aeYArmjynfynma&;xJoYkd usio
hf ;kH vmjcif;tm; umuG,f
Mu&ef arwm&yfcHtyfygaMumif;/
- wuodkvfpmar;yGJ (3) cguspepfudk y,fzsufavmU
- wuodkvf0ifpmar;yGJwGif csypfjcif; &yfqdkif;avmU
- pmar;yGJcs ausmif;xkwfpepfudk zsufodrf;avmU
- ynma&;toHk;p&dwf wdk;jrifhavmU
- ynma&;pepfudk topfjyifavmU
- pD;yGm;a&;pepfudk topfjyifavmU
&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* (wuo)
&efukefcdkifvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or* (&uo)
ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJYcsKyf (Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf)
odYk aMunmcsufrsm;jzifh xkwjf yefum (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epfukd uefYuu
G cf o
hJ nf/ xdt
k csdeu
f zqyv
tpdk;&onf ynma&;tay:wGif xm;Sdaom oabmxm;rSm(1) 0g'jzefYa&;udkom t"duxm;jcif;?
(2) ppfom;pkaqmif;a&;udkom t"duxm;jcif;?
(3) ygwD0ifaumif;pm;a&;udkom t"duxm;jcif;?
(4) tvkyfvufrJhjyem rajzSif;Edkifjcif; tpSdaom taMumif;wdkYrS ay:aygufvmaom tusKd;oufa&muf
rIrsm; jzpfonf/
xdkjyemrsm; rajzSif;EdkifaomtcgwGif zqyvtpdk;&onf(1) wzufwGif ausmif;om;xktwGif;wGif wynfharG; aoG;cGJap? wzufrS tmPmESifhzdESdyfjcif;
(2) pmar;yGJcs ausmif;xkwfaejcif; (2) csufudk awGU&onf/
1953 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv NrdKUawmfcef;r usif;yaom zqyvtrwfaygif;pHk tpnf;ta0;wGif 0efBuD;OD;ausmf
Nidr;f u 'Dtufpt
f u
kd kd zqyvu todtrSwjf yKonf/ uln&D rnf[k ajAmiftwdtvif; aMunmcJah yonf/ &efuek Nf rdKUwGif
'Dtufpt
f rkd sm;udk oifwef;rsm;ay;cJo
h nf/ Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf taeESiv
hf nf; txufygajzSi;f yHu
k kd vH;k 0oabmrwlay/
451
,ckjzpfay:aeaom ynma&;tusyftwnf;rS xGuf&mvrf;onf(1) toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynmrsm; wdk;csJUtm;ay;jcif;?
(2) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhay; vufSdusifhoHk;aeaom ygwD0ifaumif;pm;a&;0g' pGefYvTwfjcif;?
(3) ynma&;toHk;p&dwf 10% wdk;jrifhoHk;pGJapjcif;?
(4) (3) wef;rSp t*Fvdyfpmrsm; oifMum;jcif;rsm; jzpfayonf/
txufygtcsuf (4) csuf&Sd&ef Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS ta&;,laqmifGufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;/
trIaqmiftzGYJ
Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf
&efukefNrdKY
if;tjyif atmufyg Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf\ aMunmcsuu
f Mkd unfv
h Qif zqyvtpd;k &\ zdEydS rf rI sm;udk xyfraH wGY
&ayonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;cHpm;ae&onfU vGwfvyfa&;t&om
ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJYcsKyf aMunmcsuf
ArmEkid if o
H nf jynfaxmifpo
k rwEdik if t
H jzpf vGwv
f yfa&;&cJo
h nfrmS (8) ESpu
f mvodYk wdik cf ahJ yNyD/ wm0ef
tSdqHk;aom zqyv qdkS,fvpfwdkY\ EdkifiHtusKd;? jynfolvlxk vlwef;pm;tusKd;? vlrsKd;pktoD;oD;tusKd;wdkYtm;
tb,frQ vkyfaqmifay;cJhonfudk jyefvnfqef;ppf&ef vdktyfayonf/ ausmif;om;rdbrsm;ESifh jynfolvlxkodkY
ArmEdik if aH usmif;om;rsm; cHpm;ae&onfh (8) ESpw
f m vGwv
f yfa&;t&omudk ('Dru
kd a&pDtcGit
hf a&;tydik ;f rS) wifjy
vdkuf&ayonf/
pmar;yGJcs ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;
(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf &efukefwuodkvf (2000) ausmf
(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf rEav;wuodkvf (300) ausmf
(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf (15) ausmf
(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf txufwef;ausmif;rsm; (200) ausmf
(&efukef A[dktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; tygt0if)
wuodkvf pmar;yGJrS (2) ESpfy,fjcif; ('Dbm;) ESifh ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; (198) a,muf
wuodkvf atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifhywfouf ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;
&moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; - (49) OD;
ESpftydkif;tjcm; - (22) OD;
(19) vMum tzrf;cH&olrsm; - (16) OD;
0&rf;xkwfxm;jcif;cH&olrsm; - (2) OD;
ausmif;om;or*zGJYpnf; ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;
ajrmif;jr
(5) a,muf
jrif;jcH
(1) a,muf
tdrfrJ
(3) a,muf
ewfarmuf
(9) a,muf
BudKUyifaumuf
(2) a,muf
ppfawG
(1) a,muf
452

vufSd rw&m;vkyfMuHtzrf;cHae&aom ausmif;om;rsm;
wuo BudKUyifaumuf? rEav; &moufyef
rw&m;ausmif;xkwfcH&ol? &efukefNrdKUrausmif; -
(3) OD;
(1) OD;
trIaqmiftzGYJ
Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf
odkYjzifh (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;yGJBuD;rsm;? vSnfhvnfyGJrsm; jyKvkyf

vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;xH qEjyvufrw
S af umufc
H vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rsm; rJqEay;yGJ usif;yjyKvky
f
vnf;aumif; (3) cguspepf zsuford ;f a&;twGuf awmif;qdw
k u
kd yf 0JG ifcMhJ uonf/ vlxt
k oif;tzGUJ ? owif;pm ud,
k pf m;
vS,frsm;tm; zdwfac: vnf;aumif;? owif;q&mrsm; uGefz&ifhvkyf vnf;aumif;? ygvDreftrwfrsm; zdwfac:
vnf;aumif; wifjyum (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk jynfolwdkYxHodkY wifjycJhayonf/
uJhodkY ausmif;om;xk\ wnDwGwfwnf; qEjyawmif;qdkjcif;? rdbjynfolrsm; axmufcHrI&Sdjcif;ESifh
wuo udk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\ wuodkvfaumifpDwGif awmif;qdkaqmifGufrIrsm;aMumifh wuodkvftmPmydkifwdkYonf
raeEdik af wmhbJ wuov
kd af umifpD tpnf;ta0;rS atmufygtwdik ;f qH;k jzwfc&hJ ayonf/ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwpf epfEiS hf
(65) &mckid Ef eI ;f pepfwUkd udk pOf;pm;&efEiS hf tjcm; oifah wmfaom enf;pepfydS gu aumifpo
D Ykdwifjy&ef atmufygaumfrwDukd
zGJUpnf;ygonf/
(1) ygarmucsKyf (cs,f,mrif)
(2) odyHr[mXmerSL;
(3) 0dZmr[mXmerSL;
(4) ausmif;tkyfBuD; (rEav;)
(5) OD;bNidrf; (wuo udk,fpm;vS,f)
(6) OD;xGef;atmif (NrdKUawmf0efa[mif;)
ausmif;om;xk\awmif;qdkcsuft& xdkaumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;ay;&vifhupm; tpnf;ta0;wBudrfwcgrQ xkdif
jcif;rjyKbJ xm;cJhayonf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk aESmifhaES;ap&ef MuHaqmifjcif; jzpfayonf/ ausmif;om;xk
nDw
G af &;tm;jzifh atmify&JG ,lEikd af vonf/ 1953-54 ckEpS f wuo rzGUJ pnf;ay;bJxm;cJ&h mrS zGUJ pnf;ay;cJ&h ayonf/
1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHktwGuf zrf;qD;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; jyefvTwfay;cJh&onf/ ausmif;xkwf
cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; jyefwufcGifh ay;cJh&onf/
odYk jzifh (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epfukd ausmif;om;rsm; nDw
G af &; jzifh wuo? Auo? tvHawmfatmuf
wGif or*rsm;? toif;tzGJUrsm; yg0ifyl;aygif; aqmifGuf&ef zdwfac:rIrsm; jyKvkyfvmMuonfudk awGUSd&ayonf/
xdkodkYvkyfaqmifrIaMumifh ](3) cgusausmif;xkwcf &H aom ausmif;om; (2000) ausmt
f m; ,ckEpS rf usio
Uf ;kH bJ jyef0ifciG Uf
&Sd&ef} tmPmydkifrsm;u wESpfaTUqdkif;xm;rnf[k oabmwlcsuf&&ef toif;? or*aygif;pHk yg0ifaqmifGufcJhMu
ayonf/ ausmif;om;xk (4000) ausmf rJqEay; vnf;aumif;? aeYausmif;om; rsm;? oxHkaqmif? yJcl;aqmif?
yif;,aqmif? ppfuikd ;f aqmif? tif;0aqmif? aTbakd qmif? '*kaH qmif? tr&aqmifwYkdwiG f rJqEaumuf,Nl yD;cJNh yD jzpfonf/
aeYausmif;olrsm;? tif;vsm;aqmif? &wemaqmif? oD&daqmif? rmvmaqmifolrsm;ESifh tr&? rEav;? awmifil?
jynf? waumif;? wDwDpD taqmifrsm;vnf; qErJrsm;aumuf,lum (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk tm;vHk;uefYuGuf
cJhMuayonf/ rEav;wuodkvf? armfvNrdKif Oypmaumvdyfrsm;vnf; ausmif;om;rsm;u wcJeufuefYuGufcJh
Muayonf/
(q) &efukefwuodkvf ausmif;om;ppftiftm;pk (S.O.F)

(S.O.F) onf qd
k ,
S v
f pfygwD\ pDru
H ed ;f t& ay:aygufvmaom tzGUJ tpnf; jzpfonf/ tzGUJ tpnf;wGif
wyfOD;rS rdrdudk,fusKd;twGuf xGufoGm;aom udkeefZifvm? 'Dtufpftdkrsm;ESifh oefYSif;ta[mif;rsm; yg0ifayonf/

aG;aumufyGJwGif wyfOD;ESifh t"dutm;NydKif&ef jzpfayonf/ qdkS,fvpfrsm;onf 'Dtufpftdkudk ausmif;om;xku
raxmufcrH eS ;f odojzifh (S.O.F) udk zGUJ pnf;cJo
h nf/ (S.O.F) 'Dtufpt
f kd wzefjyefvnf toufoiG ;f aom tzGUJ jzpfonf/
453
(S.O.F) wyfO;D udk ta&;ay;wdu
k &f efEiS hf (D.S.O) bufrS [efjywdu
k cf u
kd &f efEiS hf Mum;vrf;pOfjzifh vlrsKd;pkrsm;
Mum; tiftm;pkrsm;udk odrf;oGif;&ef jzpfayonf/ aemufqHk; (D.S.O) kyfvHk;ay:vmcJhojzifh wuoaG;aumufyGJ
tNyD;wGif (D.S.O) zsufodrf;cJh&m vlrsKd;pkrsm;ESifhoefYSif;wdkY rauseyf (D.S.O) (2) jcrf; uGJcJh&onf/
(Z) [,f&Dwefta&;awmfyHkESifh uefhuGufyGJrsm;

xdkta&;awmfyHk ay:aygufvm&aomtaMumif;&if;rSm tv,fwef;tpdk;&ppf owrwef;pmar;yGJwGif ar;cGef;
aygufonf[laom jyemjzpfonf/ owrwef;ausmif;om;rsm; bmom&yf (4) bmom ajzNyD;aomtcg rwfv
(22) &ufaeYwGif ajzqdk&rnfh bmomrSm ocFsmar;cGef;vTmtrSwf (2) ESifh taxGaxGodyHynmudk ajzqdk&rnfjzpfonf/
pmar;yGrJ ajzqdrk u
D yif xdak eYxw
k f Armhacwfowif;pm taxGaxGoyd H ar;cGe;f aygufMum;vsuf So
d nf/ xdak r;cGe;f vTm
wGif yg0ifaom yk'pf mwyk'u
f kd xkwaf zmfvsuf ygScd ahJ yonf/ ar;cGe;f aygufMum;onf[k aumvm[vjzpfaeaomfvnf;
qdkif&mrS ta&;,ljcif;rSdcJhay/
yxrydik ;f ocFsmar;cGe;f vTm ajzqdNk yD;aomtcgwGif taxGaxGoyd aH jzqd&k ef pmar;yGcJ ef;rodYk a&mufcdS sdef pmar;
yGJBuD;Muyfolrsm;u rwfv (20) &ufaeYrSp pwifusif;yaom owrwef;pmar;yGJudk vHk;0zsufodrf;vdkufaMumif;
ynmrif;BuD;OD;bxGm; vufrw
S jf zifh trdeYf pmudzk wfjycJo
h nf/ pmar;yGBJ uD;Muyforl sm;u Armhacwfowif;pmwGif ar;cGe;f
ykpmygSdvmojzifh zsufodrf;vdkuf&onf[k ajymMum;avonf/
xdktcg ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY vaygif;rsm;pGm BudK;yrf;ajzqdkcJh&aom pmar;yGJudk vHk;0zsufodrf;vdkuf
&onf[k od&dS onfEiS hf wNydKifeuf ausmif;om;rsm; id,
k Mkd uNyD;vQif rcHr&yfjzpfum pmppfXmetoD;oD;Sd ausmif;om;rsm;
onf pk;kH um ynmrif;BuD;H;k odYk csDwufqEjyMuygonf/ xdYk aemuf Armhacwf owif;pmwdu
k af SUodk a&mufMdS uonf/
owif;pmwdkuf ykvdyftcsKdU apmifhvsufSdonf/ tcsdeftenf;i,ftwGif; taSUydkif;w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmifonf
ykvdyftrIxrf;rsm;ESifhtwl a&mufSdvmonf/
Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS Ou| udkaZmf0if;ESifh &uorS 'k-Ou| udkarmifarmifcifwdkYonf ynmrif;BuD;tm;
oGm;a&muf awGUqHkaqG;aEG;aomfvnf; rawGU&ay/ xdktcg udkaZmf0if;wdkYonf taSUydkif;w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmifESifh
awGUum ,ckqEjyolrsm;rSm owrwef;ausmif;om; (12) ESpf? (13) ESpftG,f uav;rsm;jzpfaMumif;? aoewfESifh
rypfcwf&efESifh uav;oli,frsm; at;csrf;pGmqEjyrIudk xdef;odrf;xm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymaomtcg w&m;olBuD;u
aumif;ygNyD[ak jymNyD;aemuf csujf cif;yif aoewfEiS yhf pf&ef trdeYfay;awmhonf/ udak Zmf0if; aoewfEiS rhf ypf&ef txyfxyf
wm;ygaomfvnf; r&awmhay/ rypfao;bJ Sdonfudkyif ]ypfawmUygvm;uG} [k trdefYxyfay;avonf/
aoewfypfcwfrIaMumifU1/ [,f&Dwef
(51) csmcsDvrf; aoqHk;cJh&onf/
tjyif;txef 'Pf&m&olrsm;xJwGif1/ wifarmifat; (11) ukudKif;vrf;

2/ wifatmif
(23) 'dkbDvrf;? ajreDukef;wdkY yg0ifonf/
xdktcgwGif(1) aoewfypf&ef trdeYf ay;aom w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmifEiS hf wm0efadS om jynfxaJ &;0efBuD; Adv
k cf ifarmifu
av;wdkYtm; Armhacwfudk ta&;,lovdk csufjcif;zrf;qD; ta&;,l&ef?
(2) pmar;yGJ ar;cGe;f aygufMum;rIrmS ynma&;Xme\ wm0efomjzpf wm0efo
dS rl sm;tm; azmfxw
k t
f a&;,l&ef?
(3) zGUJ pnf;vku
d af om pHpk rf;a&;aumfrSiw
f iG f ausmif;om;ESijhf ynfoUl ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; yg0ifciG jhf yK&ef qEydS g
ojzifh tjrefqHk; awmif;qdkvdkuf&ygaMumif;/
&efukefcdkifausmif;om;rsm;or* (&uo)? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*
(wuo) wdkYu awmif;qdkcJhayonf/
454

(Z-1) or* (3) ck yl;wGJaMunmcsuf
&Jabmf ausmif;olôm; taygif;wdkhowrwef;pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;aygufMum;onfhtwGuf pmar;yGJzsufodrf;ypfcJhonf/ pmar;yGJzsufodrf;onfh
twGuf (7) wef; ausmif;om;uav;rsm;onf qEjycJyh gonf/ Armhacwf owif;pmwdu
k u
f kd 0dik ;f 0ef;qEjycJo
h nf/
ykvyd rf sm;u aoewfEiS yhf pfowfojzifh &Jabmf[,f&w
D ef usqH;k oGm;cJ&h ayonf/ usqH;k oGm;jcif;ESihf ywfouf
uREkfyfwdkY (3) zGJU yl;aygif;aqmifGufcJhygonf/ aSUqufNyD; &Jabmf[,f&Dweftm; &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwfjcif;?
pmar;yGJar;cGef; aygufMum;jcif;twGuf qufvufaqmifGuf&ef aumfrwDw&yfzGJUpnf;&ef vdktyfonf[k ,lqyg
onf/ odkYtwGuf &Jabmfausmif;om;ôlwdkY\ 25? 3? 56 &ufwGif aeYv,f (12) em&Dtcsdef? Armhacwfowif;pm
wdkufteD;? A[ef;tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;aSU uGufvyfpcef;odkY vma&mufMuyg&ef wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfvdkuf
ygonf/
twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;
Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf
&efukefcdkifausmif;om;rsm;or* (&uo)
aehpJG- 24? 4? 56 &ufaeh
(Z-2)
Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf TefMum;vTm
aeYpGJ- 29? 3? 56
&Jabmfw-hkd
22? 3? 56 &ufaeYwGif owrwef; pmar;yGJar;cGef;rSm aygufMum;onfhtwGuf pmar;yGJudk zsufodrf;ypf
vdkufonf/ xdkodkY zsufodrf;ypfvdkufjcif;ESifh ywfouf ausmif;om;rsm;rauseyfjzpfcg ynmrif;BuD;Hk;odkY oGm;
a&muf 0dkif;0ef;qEjycJhonf/ xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;xkwfazmfaom Armhacwf owif;pmwdkufodkY 0dkif;0ef;qEjycJhonf/
Armhacwfowif;pmwdu
k o
f Ykd 0dik ;f 0ef;qEjypOf w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmif\ trdeYft& ykvyd rf sm;u aoewfEiS hf
ypfcwfojzifh (16) ESpt
f G,?f pdeaf ygausmif;om;av; ][,f&w
D ef} usqH;k oGm;&Smonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;'Pf&m&
S
d (2) a,mufrmS twGi;f vlemtjzpf ukoae&onf/ odYk &uf&ufpufpuf vlrr,fcav;rsm;tm; owfypfjcif;
onf zufqpftjyKtrlrsK;d om jzpfayonf/ odYk aoewf vufeufEiS hf ypfowfjcif;twGuf igwdYk onf aSUodYk quf
vuf ta&;,ljzpfonf/
odYk ta&;,l&mwGif qdik &f mor*crJG sm;onf pDwef;vSnv
hf nfyrJG sm;? vlxpk nf;a0;yGrJ sm; usi;f yum jynfol
vlxkudk wdkifwnf&rnf/ ausmif;rsm;zGifhvSpfxm;ygu ,m,DqEjyoydwfarSmufMu&ef jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfaMumif;
TefMum;vdkufonf/
,ck rwfv (29) &ufaeYwiG f &Jabmf[,f&w
D ef usqH;k aom (7) &ufajrmufaeYjzpfojzifh aeYwiG f qGr;f oGwf
trQtwef;a0jcif;udk ausmif;om;ESifhvlxk yl;aygif;um jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfaMumif; TefMum;vkdufonf/
tqdkrsm;1/ aoewfESifhypf&ef trdefay;ol w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmifESifh wm0eftSdqHk;jzpfaom jynfxJa&;0efBuD;
Adkvfcifarmifuav;wdkYtm; ta&;,ltjypfay;&ef/
2/ ar;cGef;ykpmaygufMum;rIonf ynma&;Xmewm0efom jzpfaomaMumifh wm0efSdoltm; azmfxkwf tjypf
ay;&ef/
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457
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(Z-6)
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jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme trIwGJtrSwf (156-[p) (56) rS aumufEkwfcsuf

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ac:,lppfaq; ar;jref;&ef tmPmvnf;Sdonf/
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h / odYk aomf zqyv qdk ,
S v
f pftpd;k &onf jynfoEl iS hf
ausmif;om;xk\ qEudk tav;teufrcH,l ypfy,fcJh\/
460

&Jabmf[,f&Dwefe,fcsJUorm; NAdwo
d Qtpd;k &wdYk onf Adv
k af tmifausmfudk owfNyD; ausmif;om;aoG; ajruscJ&h ay\/ jynfow
l &yfv;kH
0rf;enf;idka<u;cJh&\/ ,ckvnf; zqyv qdkS,fvpftpdk;&onf &Jabmfudk owfcJhonf/ ausmif;om;aoG; ajr
uscJh&jyefonf/ jynfolw&yfvHk; ,lMuHK;r&jzpfcJh&\/ idka<u;cJh&jyefonf/
e,fcsJUtpdk;&\tarGtESpfudk zqyv qdkS,fvpftpdk;&taeESifh qufvuftarGcH usihfoHk;aeonfrSm
vufawGU xifmS ;aeayonf/ e,fcsUJ orm;wdYktm; &mZ0if'Pfcwfco
hJ vdk zqyvtpd;k &onfvnf; &mZ0if'Pfcwf
jcif;udk rkcsrvGJraoGcH&rnf[k ,HkMunfayonf/
atmifausmfaoG;pufEiS hf oif\aoG;pufwYkd aygif;pyfum igwdYk wu
kd yf t
JG m; vrf;Tev
f sufadS yonf/ oif,kH
Munfaom arQmrf eS ;f csut
f m; ra&mufrae csw
D uf wdu
k cf u
kd rf nf/ jynfoYl om;aumif; yDopGmESihf ausmif;om;aoG;ESihf
a&;cJhaom&mZ0iftm; igwdkY qufvufxdef;odrf;ygrnf/ aemifawmf ausmif;om;&Jabmfrsm;udk opmjyK&if; rNyD;qHk;
ao;aom 'Drdkua&pDynma&;wdkufyGJodkY qufvuf OD;aqmifoGm;ygrnf/
tdk usqHk;avNyD;aom &Jabmf[,f&Dwefausmif;om;vli,fx\
k &efot
l aygif;tm;vnf;aumif;? jynfov
l x
l \
k &efot
l aygif;tm;vnf;aumif;?
igwdkY raMumufrGHU &ifqdkifwdkufyGJ0ifoGm;ygrnf[k opmjyKyg\/ ausmif;om;xkudk zdESdyfaeonfh vlowf0g'pepf
qdk;ESifh aoewftm;udk; tMurf;zuf0g'qdk;tm; tjrpfjywfonftxd igwdkY vkyfaqmifygrnf[k uwdjyKyg\/
avmavmq,f tcGifhta&;rsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;? jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;udk BudK;pm;vkyfaqmif&if; aemufqHk;
atmifyt
JG xd csw
D ufygrnf[k opmjyKyg\/ zqyv qdk ,
S v
f pftpd;k &\ ausmif;om;jynfot
l m; rw&m;csKyfaESmif
xm;aom zdEydS cf sKyfcs,frI aESmifBudK;txyfxyftm; tydik ;f ydik ;f jywfonftxd rem;rae td;k aMuaMu t&nfcef;cef;?
rqkwfrepfaom ZGJowdjzifh oufpGefYBudK;yrf; wdkufyGJ0ifvIyfSm;ygrnf[k cdkifjrJaomopmt"d|mefudk cH,lqHk;jzwf
vdkufygonf/
'Drdkua&pDynma&; atmif&rnf
trIaqmiftzGYJ
&efukefcdkif
ausmif;om;rsm;or* (&uo)
&efukefNrdKY
aehpGJ- 6? 8? 56
ae&m- [,f&Dwefausmufwdkif? A[ef;
22? 3? 56 &ufwGif 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekonf toHvTifhajymMum;&m ,cktjzpftysufrsKd;onf EdkifiHwum
jzpfavhSdaom omreftjzpftysufrsKd; jzpfygonf[k vludkypfowfaomtrIudkyif ao;odrfoGm;atmif vkyfMuHajymqdkcJh
onf/ pHkprf;a&;aumfrSifw&yfzGJUrnf[k aMunmcJhygonf/ aumfrSiftrsm;pkrSm bmrStaumiftxnf razmfbJ NyD;qHk;
oGm;wwfonf/ aemufqHk;wGif OD;Ekonf ausmif;om;rsm; a'go tmHkajymif;oGm;ap&eftwGuf (7) wef; pmar;yGJudk
qufvuf ppfaq;jcif;rjyKbJ tm;vHk; tatmifay;vdkufaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/
xdkodkY vkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uo? wuowdkYonf OD;aqmifcsDwuf qEjyyGJrsm;jyKvkyf
cJhonf/ wjynfvHk;odkY tzGJUcGJrsm;apvTwf zqyvtpdk;&\vkyfaqmifyHkudk Sif;vif;wifjy uefYuGufyGJrsm; jyKvkyf
cJhonf/
(ps) wuo\ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; awmif;qdkcsufrsm;

wuonf trsKd;om;a&;? zdESdyfrI qefYusifwdkufyGJrsm;udkomru ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
udkyg jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;udk 23? 12? 55 &ufwGif jyKvkyfcJhNyD; wuoudk,fpm;vS,f
(2) OD;jzpfaom udak rmifarmifeG Yf EiS hf udak usmfjrifw
h Ykd wufa&mufcMhJ uonf/ ausmif;aqmifqikd &f m tcGit
hf a&; epfemcsuf
rsm; aqG;aEG;NyD; awmif;qdkcsufrsm; awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/
461
(ps-1) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&; awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
(1) vufaxmuftaqmifrSL;rsm; ausmif;om;rsm;tm; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fpGufzufu aumfrwDrS ta&;,l&ef?
(2) ausmif;aqmif pmzwfcef;rsm;twGuf vdktyfovdk xyfrHwdk;ay;&ef?
(3) tcef;jyLwif;aygufESifh rSef? wkwfuwfrsm; rawmfwq ysufpD;cJhvQif avQmfaMu; rawmif;&ef?
(4) o[m,ESifh pmzwfcef;rsm;wGif yefumrsm; wyfqifay;&ef?
(5) ausmif;aqmifcef;rsm;wGif t0wftxnf bD'dkwvHk;pD xm;ay;&ef?
(6) ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif (24) em&DvHk; a&&Sd&ef?
(7) a&aomuf&ef (Water Tap) rsm; wyfqifay;&ef?
(8) ysufpD;,dk,Gif;ae teHYtoufrsm; rcHEdkifaom tdrfomrsm;tm; jyKjyifay;&ef/
(ps-2) &efukefwuodkvftwGuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
(1) trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif w,fvDzkef;wckpD wyfqifay;&ef?
(2) &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;twGuf w,fvDzkef;wckpD wyfqifay;&ef?
(3) ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wckESifhwck pMuFefvrf;rsm; qufay;&ef?
(4) xrif;pm;csdefudk o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;wdkYu oabmusjyifqifcGifhay;&ef?
(5) ausmif;aqmiftm;vHk;twGuf vdktyfaom csdefcGif? tav;? ',ftdk;rsm; jynfhpHkpGmay;&ef?
(6) yk*H? ZGef;? xrif;csKdifhrsm; ysufpD;uGJSaeygu jynfhpHkpGm xyfjznfhay;&ef?
(7) bwfpuufabm? abmfvDabm rSdao;aom taqmifrsm;wGif jyKvkyfay;&ef?
(8) &wemESifh rmvmausmif;aqmifwGif opfMurf;cif;rsm; cif;ay;&ef?
(9) ausmif;aqmifwdkif;Sd ysufpD;csKdU,Gif;aeaom "gwfrD;BudK;? "gwfrD;cvkwfrsm; tjrefqHk; jyKjyifay;&ef?
(10) ausmif;aqmifcef;wdkif;wGif "gwfrD;tkyfaqmif;rsm; 0,f,lwyfqifay;&ef?
(11) usef;rma&;xdcdkufaponfh '*Hkaqmif? aTbdkaqmif rD;zdkrsm;udk topfjyifqifay;&ef?
(12) rsufESmMuuf vdkaeaom xrif;pm;cef;aqmifrsm;udk vdktyfovdk jyifqifay;&ef?
(13) oxHkausmif;aqmif*dwf0wGif (rvG,fayguf) wpfck wyfqifay;&ef?
(14) ausmif;aqmifwdkif;udk ESpfpOfaq;okwfay;&efESifh pmwdkufyHk; wvHk;pD xm;ay;&ef/
txufyg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfvm&ef wuou BudK;yrf;cJh&m oufqdkif&mrS qHk;jzwf
oabmwlcJhMuonf/
(ps-3)
wuorS oD;jcm;awmif;qdkrIrsm;
ynmoifMum;a&;
1/ wuodkvftoHk;p&dwf odef; (70) rS (65) odef;odkY avQmhcsonfudk y,fzsuf odef; (100) xufrenf;
wdk;wufoHk;pGJap&ef?
2/ ausmif;om; (40) vQif t&nftcsif;jynfhq&m (1) a,muf xm;Sd&ef?
3/ pmoifcef;rsm;? ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wdk;csJUaqmufvkyf&ef?
4/ avmu"gwfynmprf;oyf&ef ypnf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;Sd&ef?
5/ Caution Fees udk y,fzsuf&ef?
6/ enf;jyq&mrsm; wdk;csJUcefYxm;&ef?
7/ Laboratory rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;tvdkSdaomtcsdefwGif prf;oyfcGifhjyK&ef?
8/ ausmif;oHk;jy|mef; pmtkyfrsm;udk(u) aps;EIef;csKdompGm 0,f,l&SdEdkifa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mrS aqmifGufay;&ef?
(c) 0,f,lr&aom pmtkyfrsm;udk wuodkvf rjy|mef;&ef?
9/ oufqdkif&mbmom&yfrsm;twGuf taxmuftuljyKEkdif&ef vufawGUrsufjrif qnf;yl;Edkif&eftwGuf(u) a'oE&A[kokw SmazGa&;twGuf aqmifGuf&ef?
(c) okawoeXmersm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef?
(Oyrm- blrdaA'twGuf owKwGif;rsm;odkY vnf;aumif;? tEkynmpmaytwGuf yk*HodkY oGm;
462

a&muf avhvmjcif;)
10/ bmom&yfwdkif;wGif oD;jcm;ygarmursm; tjynfhtpHkxm;Sd&ef?
11/ wuodkvfpmMunfhwdkuf toHk;p&dwfwdk;csJUay; t&yf&yfrS pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufpGm
xm;ay;&ef?
12/ wuodkvfjywdkufwck wnfaqmuf&ef?
13/ wuodkvfyHkESdyfpufwck wnfaqmuf&ef?
14/ ,ckESpf axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk ,cifESpfuJhodkY jyefvnfay;&ef?
15/ axmufyHhaMu;ay;aom ausmif;om;OD;a& &mcdkifEIef; ydkrdkay;&ef?
16/ ,ckay;aeaom axmufyHhaMu;aiGrSm tppt&m&m ukefaps;EIef;BuD;jrifhaeaomaMumifh rzlvHk axmufyhH
aMu; 60d^- rS 80d^- wdk;ay;&ef/
oufomacsmifcsda&;
1/ rD;&xm;? rD;oabFm? av,mOfysH paom c&D;oGm;,mOfrsm;udk ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; w0ufcEIe;f
pD;cGifhjyK&ef?
2/ w0ufEIef;jzifh pD;&mwGif toGm;tjyef r[kwfaomfvnf; w0ufEIef;jzifh pD;cGifhjyK&ef?
3/ tcGifhta&;udk wOD;wa,mufwnf; oGm;onfhtcgwGifvnf; &Sd&ef?
4/ vufrSwf0,fonfh tcgwGifvnf; vufiif;w0ufjzifh 0,fcGifhjyK&ef?
5/ vufrSwf vG,fulpGm0,fEdkif&ef oufqdkif&mrS pDpOfay;&ef?
6/ ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf oD;oefYwGJrsm;? oD;oefYae&m &SdcGifh aqmifGufay;&ef/
ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;
1/ wuodkvfodkY 0ifa&mufonfhtcg rdbvufrSwfESifhwuG 0efcHcsufay;&jcif;udk y,fzsuf&ef?
2/ wuodkvfrSjyKvkyfxm;aom pnf;urf;rsm;udk jyefvnfppfaq; ausmif;om;xkqE&,lum pnf;urf;
csufrsm; jyKvkyf&ef?
3/ atmufwb
kd mta&;ESihf ywfouf rEav;? &efuek w
f uov
kd rf sm;rS xkwyf ,fc&H aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm;
ausmif;0ifcGifhjyK&ef?
4/ pmayoifMum;rIESifhausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif jyifyrS 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;rjyKbJ oD;jcm;vGwfvyfcGifh
(Academic Freedom) &S&
d ef?
5/ pmar;yGJ (3) cgusvQif ausmif;aqmifrS xkwfypfonfhpepfudk vHk;0zsufodrf;&ef?
6/ pm;ar;yGJ (3) cgusvQif ausmif;om;tjzpfrS &yfpJjcif;pepfudk vHk;0zsufodrf;&ef?
7/ ausmif;aqmifc t&pfusay;oGi;f &aom pepfukd y,fzsuf ,cifpepfa[mif;twdik ;f jyefvnfxm;&S&d ef?
8/ ausmif;aqmifcrsm;udk ,ciftwdkif; (2) v qdkif;ihH&ef?
9/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif rD; (24) em&D tjynfhay;&ef?
10/ ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif aevdkaom ausmif;om;wdkif;tm; aecGifhjyK&ef?
11/ aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&ufwGif ausmif;aqmif aecGifhjyK&ef?
12/ ausmif;aqmifpmzwfcef;rsm; pm;yGJ? ukvm;xkdif tpHkus xyfrHwdk;ay;&ef?
13/ tcef;jyLwif;aygufESifh wkwfuwfrsm; ysufpD;cJhvQif avsmfaMu;rawmif;bJ tjrefqHk;jyif&ef?
14/ xrif;pm;cef;ESifh pmzwfcef;rsm;wGif yefumwyfqifay;&ef?
15/ ausmif;aqmifcef;rsm; t0wfbDdk wvHk;pDay;&ef?
16/ ausmif;aqmifwdkif; a&aomuf&ef a&ydkufacgif; (water tap) rsm; wckuspD wyfqifay;&ef?
17/ a&udk (24) em&DvHk; (3) xyfxd ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif &Sd&ef?
18/ ysufpD;,dk,Gif; teHYtoufrcHEdkifaom tdrfomrsm; jyKjyifay;&ef?
19/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufudk wvvHk;ydwfay;&ef?
20/ Oypmaumvdyfrsm;udk awmifBuD;? jrpfBuD;em;ESifh {&m0wDwdkif;wGif zGifhvSpfay;&ef?
21/ rEav;wuodkvfESifh armfvNrdKifaumvdyfwGif oD;jcm;pmwdkufwckpD zGifhay;&ef/
463
q&mrsm;ESifUywfouf
1/ q&mrsm;\ pmoifcsdefudk qDavsmfatmif pDpOfowfrSwf&ef?
2/ tu,f tcsdefydkoif&ygu tydkaMu;ay;&ef?
3/ q&mrsm;twGuf oD;oefYtdrfrsm; vHkavmufpGmay;&ef?
4/ q&mrsm;tm; taMumif;rJh tvkyfrS&yfpJjcif; rjyK&ef? (Oyrm- OD;uHGefY? OD;pHabmf)
5/ q&mrsm;vpm wdk;jrifhay;&ef?
6/ q&mvdktyfaom ,ckvdktcsdefwGif q&mrsm;\ tcGifhta&; wdk;jrifhcefYxm;rIudk 'D*&Day:wGif rMunfhbJ
vkyfoufESifhuRrf;usifrIudk Munfh oifhawmfovdk &mxl;wdk;jrifhjcif;? cefYxm;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef?
7/ q&mrsm;\qEudk qefYusifvsuf ausmif;om;ta&;rsm;wGif tpdk;&tmPmjzifh csKyfudkifvsuf 0ifa&muf
pGufzufjcif;rjyK&ef/
upm;ckefpm;
1/ Tennis Court rsm;udk &efukefwuodkvf? aq;odyH? &efuif;aumvdyf? xD;wef;aumvdyf? rEav;
wuodkvf? armfvNrdKifaumvdyfESifh ausmufjzLaumvdyfwGif ausmif;om;tcsKd;tpm;tvdkuf aqmufvkyf
ay;&ef?
2/ rEav;wuodkvfESifh armfvNrdKifaumvdyfwdkYwGif a&ul;uefwpfckpD aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
3/ acwfrDaom tm;upm;Hkrsm;udk rEav;wuodkvf? armfvNrdKifaumvdyf? ausmufjzLaumvdyf? &efuif;
aumvdyf? xD;wef;aumvdyfESifh aq;odyHwdkYwGif wckpDaqmufvkyfay;&ef?
4/ um,Avenf;jyq&mrsm;udk aumvdyftoD;oD;wGif cefYxm;&ef?
5/ acwfrDtm;upm;ypnf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;Sd&ef?
6/ tm;upm;HkvHkjcHKrItwGuf oHwHcg;rsm; wyfqifay;&ef?
7/ upm;HkSd ysufpD;aeaom a&csKd;cef;ESifh tdrfomrsm; tjrefqHk; jyKjyifay;&ef?
8/ ysufpD;aeaom trdk;rsm; jyKjyifay;&ef?
9/ "gwfvdkufaeaom "gwfBudK;rsm; ta&;wBuD; jyKjyifay;&ef?
10/ usKd;yJhaeaom Murf;jyifrsm;udk jyKjyifay;&ef?
11/ upm;Hk em&Dwck wyfqifay;&ef? ysufpD;aeaom a&csKd;cef;ESifh tdrfomrsm; tjrefqHk;jyKjyifay;&ef/
usef;rma&;
1/ &efukefwuodkvfaq;Hkudk wdk;csJUay;&ef?
2/ wdk;csJUonfh aq;HkwGif aq;0g;ESifh acwfrD prf;oyfypnf;ud&d,mrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;Sd&ef?
3/ t&nftcsif;jynfh q&m0efrsm;ESifh olemjyKrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;Sd&ef?
4/ ausmif;om;wdkif; tcrJhaq;xkd;cGifhjyK&ef?
5/ rEav;wuodkvfwGif ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh udkufnDaom ausmif;aq;Hkwck aqmufvkyf&ef?
6/ armfvNrdKifaumvdyfESifh ausmufjzLaumvdyfrsm;wGif tvm;wlaq;HkwckpD aqmufvkyf&ef?
7/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ul;pufwwfaom a&m*gumuG,faq;rsm; tcsdeftcgtvdkuf xdk;ay;&ef ( OyrmSmallpox, T.B, Anti-cholera)?
8/ wuodkvfe,fajrrsm;wGif usef;rma&;t&mSd (Oyrm-Public Health Inspector ) rsm;xm;Sd&ef/
ausmif;olrsm;twGuf
1/ ausmif;olrsm;twGuf aq;Hkwckaqmufvkyf aq;ukocHEdkifHkrQru tem;,lEdkif&eftxd aqmifGuf
ay;&ef?
2/ ausmif;olrsm;twGuf tm;upm;Hkwck wnfaqmufay;&ef?
3/ trsKd;orD;tm;upm;rSL;rsm; cefYtyf&ef/
464

aq;odyHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf
1/ aq;odyHausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh vufSdq&mOD;a&rSm rnDrrQjzpfaeojzifh aemufxyfq&mrsm; wdk;cefYxm;
ay;&ef?
2/ aq;odyHSd ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh vufSd"gwfcGJcef; toHk;taqmifrsm;rSm rvHkavmuf vHkavmufpGm
xm;ay;&ef?
3/ vufSd aq;r[mXmeudk oD;jcm;aumvdyf (Constituent College) tjzpf todtrSwfjyKvkyf ajymif;vTJ
ay;&ef?
4/ aq;odyHwGif q&maumif;rsm; &Sdap&ef ,ckq&mrsm;tm; ay;xm;aom vpmEIef;rsm; wdk;jrifhay;&ef?
5/ pde*f Ref;vrf;Sd ausmif;aqmifrsm; ae&mwGif yHpk cH sNyD;om; tkwaf usmif;aqmifrsm;udk tjrefq;kH aqmufvyk f
ay;&ef?
6/ vufdS 'kw,
d ESpf aq;oifwef; (3) Budru
f spepfaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; txl;epfemojzifh repfemap&ef
jyefvnfaqG;aEG; jyKjyifay;&ef? (54 a,muf xkwfy,fNyD; jzpfonf/)
7/ aq;odyHpmMunfhwdkufwGif acwfrDaompmtkyfrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;Sd vHkavmufpGm iSm;,lzwfEdkif&ef
&efyHkaiG wdk;csJUydkrdkoHk;pGJay;&ef?
8/ aq;odyHSd aq;HkodkY aq;oifwef;qif;Muaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rqif;rD "gwfrSefdkufjcif;ESifh
(6) vwBudrf "gwfrSef dkufay;jcif;?
9/ aq;odyHudk axmufyHhaMu;topfrsm; yxrESpf0uftwGif;wGif tNyD;owf pDpOfxkwfay;&ef/
q&mtwwfoifausmif;rsm;twGuf
1/ bDattD;'D atmifjrifNyD;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; bDt;D 'DoYkd wufa&mufoifMum;vdu
k oifMum;cGijhf yK&ef?
2/ axmufyhHaMu;,lxm;aomausmif;om;rsm;tm; tpdk;&tvkyfudk rvkyfvdkygu axmufyHhaMu;aiG (2) q
avsmf&rnf qdkonfudk kyfodrf;&ef?
3/ bDattD;'Drsm; jyefwrf;0ift&mSd vpmay;&ef?
4/ bDattD;'Drsm; tajccHvpm (300) rS &Sda&;/
tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;twGuf
1/ tif*sifeD,maumvdyfpmMunfhwdkufwGif pmtkyftjynfhtpHkESifh qdwfNidrfaom pmzwfcef;wck xm;Sd&ef?
2/ vdktyfaeaom vufawGU prf;oyfcef;rsm; jzpfonfh(u) Thermodynamic lab:
(c) Mechanical lab:
(*) Sounatary lab: (3) ckudk aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
3/ acwfrDaomyHkpHrsm; ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf jynfhpHkpGm xm;ay;&ef?
4/ acwfrDaom wdkif;onfhypnf;rsm; (Survey Instruments) udk jynfhpHk vHkavmufpGm xm;ay;&ef?
5/ tif*sief ,
D modyw
H ef;rsm;ESio
hf ufqikd af om bmom&yfrsm;udk tif*sief ,
D modyH pmoifcef;rsm;wGif oifMum;
Edkif&ef pDpOfay;&ef?
6/ ,ck aqmufvkyfqJ tif*sifeD,modyHtaqmuftODudk tjrefqHk;NyD;pD;atmif aqmufvkyf&ef/
&efukefwuodkvftwGuf
1/ ausmif;om;wkdif; oHk;pGJEdkifaom w,fvDzkef;wyfqifay;&ef?
2/ trsKd;orD; ausmif;aqmifrsm; w,fvDzkef;wckpDxm;&ef?
3/ &efuif;ESif xD;wef;aumvdyfausmif;aqmifrsm; ausmif;om;rsm;oHk;&ef w,fvDzkef;wckpD xm;Sd&ef?
4/ &efuif;aumvdyfESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfrsm;udk ,ckuJhodkY rcGJjcrf;bJ &efukefNrdKU oifhawmfonfh ae&mwGif
jynfhpHkaom Oypmaumvdyfwckudk wnfaxmifay;&ef?
5/ ausmif;aqmifOya'rsm;onf rvdkufemEdkifatmif wif;usyfvGef; tjrefqHk;zsufodrf; ausmif;aqmif
aumfrwDwGif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rS udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef?
465
6/ o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rS awmif;qdck surf sm;udk ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS wdu
k f u
kd f ta&;,laqmifu
G f
&ef?
7/ yk*aH usmif;aqmifajrae&m ausmif;aqmifopfwckEiS hf tjcm;ae&m ausmif;aqmifwck aqmufvyk af y;&ef?
8/ pmzwfcef;ESifh xrif;pm;cef;wdkYudk wywf (2) Budrfusom taqmifaumfrwD cGifhjyKcsuf&rSoHk;jcif;udk
y,fzsuf ,cifuuJhodkY ausmif;aqmif ausmif;om;rsm; vdktyfovdk oHk;pGJcGifhjyK&ef?
9/ ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wckESifhwck pMuFefvrf; cif;ay;&ef?
10/ xrif;pm;csdefrsm;udk oufqdkif&m pmzwftoif;rsm;\ oabmus oifhawmfovdk jyifcGifhay;&ef?
11/ ausmif;aqmif xrif;pm;cef; vdktyfaom csdefcGif? tav;? ',ftdk;? ZGef;? yef;uef? cGufrsm; jynfhpHkpGm
xm;ay;&ef?
12/ ausmif;om;rsm; upm;ckefpm;a&;twGuf ypnf;rsm;udk tvHktavmuf xkwfay;&ef?
13/ taqmifopfrsm; ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf upm;ckefpm; &efyHkaiGudk tcsKd;us ydkrdkay;&ef?
14/ bwfpuufabmESifh abmfvDabmuGif;rSdaom taqmifrsm;wGif tjrefqHk;jyKvkyfay;&ef?
15/ &wemESifh rmvmausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif oD&dESifh tif;vsm;aqmifrsm;uJhodkY Murf;cif;rsm; jyKvkyfay;&ef?
16/ oD&daqmif (4) a,mufom aeoifhaom tcef;rsm;wGif (6) a,muf rxm;&ef?
17/ ausmif;aqmif ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeaom "gwfBudK;ESifh "gwfrD;cvkwfrsm; tjrefqHk;vJay;&ef?
18/ ausmif;aqmifcef;wdkif;wGif "gwfrD;? tkyfaqmif;ESifh vdkaom rD;acgif;rsm; wyfqif&ef?
19/ '*Hkausmif;aqmif xrif;pm;cef;wGif rD;zdkrS rD;cdk;rsm; 0ifa&mufjcif;udk jyKjyif&ef?
20/ &efukefwuodkvfe,fajrtwGif; arSmifrJaeaom vrf;[lo rD;rsm;wyfqifay;&ef?
21/ ausmif;aqmifcef;cudk (10) odkY avQmhcs pm;aomufa&; aiGydk&ef?
22/ rsufESmMuufvdktyfaom ausmif;aqmifxrif;pm;cef;rsm;wGif wyfqifay;&ef?
23/ oxHak usmif;aqmifwcH g;wGif ta&;Su
d oH;k Edik &f eftwGuf tjcm;taqmifrsm;uJo
h Ykd rvG,af ygufxm;
n (12) em&Dtxd zGifhxm;ay;&ef?
24/ ausmif;aqmifpm;aomufa&;ESifh ywfoufaom pDrHcefYcGJrItcGifhta&;ESifh tmPm? aiGudk ,cifuJhoYdk
ausmif;aqmif pm;aomufa&;trIaqmiftzGJUodkY vTJay;&ef?
25/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;udk ESpfpOf aq;okwfay;&efESifh pmwdkufyHk;wvHk;pD xm;ay;&ef?
26/ vufSd aeYausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; em;ae&mtcef; wdk;csJUay;&ef? yefumESifh vQyfppfrD; wyfay;&ef?
tdrfomudk oefYSif;pGm jyKvkyfay;&ef?
27/ aeYausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; pm;aomufa&;twGuf usef;rma&;ESifh nDGwf oGm;vma&;vG,ful&ef
pm;aomufqdkifwck zGifhvSpfay;&ef?
28/ ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf upm;ckefpm;&efyHkaiG wdk;ay;&efESifh tm;upm;ypnf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;ay;
&ef?
29/ aeYausmif;om;rsm;tcef;wGif a&'D,dkwvHk;xm;ay;&ef?
30/ wuodkvfHk;cef;udk wdk;csJU tvkyform;rsm; ydkrdkcefYxm;ay;&ef/
Oya'ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf
1/ Oya'oifwef;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;aqmifwGif aecGifhjyK&ef?
2/ ausmif;vcavQmh&ef?
3/ Oya'oifwef;pmar;yGJrsm;udk wESpfvQif (2) Budrf ppfaq;ay;&ef/
&efuif;ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf
1/ &efuif;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;aqmifESifh A[kdxrif;pm;cef;rudk qufoG,f pMuFefvrf;rsm; aqmufvkyf
ay;&ef?
2/ vufSd xrif;pm;cef;rsm;wdk;csJU xrif;pm;cef;wGif xkdifcHk? pm;yGJrStp vdktyfaeaomypnf;rsm; tvHk
tavmuf xm;Sday;&ef?
3/ csufjyKwf&eftcef;twGuf oefYSif;pGmESifh ypnf;tpHktvifay;&ef?
466

4/ aumif;rGefoefYSif;aom a&csKd;cef;rsm; tvHktavmufay;&ef?
5/ ysufpD;aeaom a&ydkufrsm; jyifqifay;&ef?
6/ a&csKd;cef;wGif t0wfavQmf&ef a<ucGufrsm; wyfqifay;&ef?
7/ ausmif;aqmif jcHpnf;dk;udk vHkjcHKpdwfcsatmif vkyfay;&ef?
8/ ausmif;aqmifEiS hf ausmif;odYkomG ;&mvrf;wGif um;wdu
k rf rI sm; aSmifMuOfEikd af &;twGuf vlomG ; yvufazmif;
rsm; jyKvkyfay;&ef?
9/ tm;upm;&efyHkaiGudk ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf wdk;jrifhay;&ef?
10/ &efuif;ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif Owk (3) yg;'PfrS cHEdkif&ef rsufESmMuuf jyKvkyfay;&ef?
11/ &efuif; aeYausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; em;ae&mtcef;udk ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;ESifh tcsKd;tpm;
tvdkuf vHkavmufatmif wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfay;&ef?
12/ if;tcef;rsm;wGif tdrfwGif;upm;ypnf;rsm; xm;ay;&ef/
xD;wef;ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf
1/ xD;wef;aumvdyf ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif rsufESmMuufrsm; wyfqifay;&ef?
2/ oefYSif;aom a&csKd;cef;ESifh tdrfomrsm; vHkavmufpGm xm;ay;&ef?
3/ a&aumif;rGefvHkavmufpGm &Sda&;twGuf aqmifGufay;&ef?
4/ usef;rma&;ESifhnDGwfaom xrif;pm;cef;wck aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
5/ pm;yGJ? ukvm;xkdif? yk*H? ZGef;? c&if;? xrif;csKdifh? xrif;tkyfaqmif;rsm; xm;Sday;&ef/
&efuif;aumvdyfESifh xD;wef;aumvdyftwGuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;
uvnf; awmif;qdkcJhygonf/
(n) (34) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyJGaehtwGuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ tqdkrsm;

(34) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeY Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf atmufygtqdkrsm;udk wifoGif;cJhonf/
(1) ynma&;tqdk
ynma&;&efyHkaiG 10% wdk;jrifh&eftwGuf ausmif;om;aygif; (1) oef;txd Sdvm vdktyfvmayonf/
1954-55 ckESpf ausmif;pwif zGifhcsdefwGif tzufzufrS rvHkavmufrIrsm; awGUMuHKae& xkdodkY wifoGif;&jcif; jzpf
aMumif;/ ausmif;aqmifrsm; topfaqmufvyk af y;&eftwGuf &efuek ?f yJc;l ? awmifi?l yJE,
G u
f ek ;f ? vufyw
H ef;? atmifv?H
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rdacsmif;&J? puk? a';'&JNrdKUrsm;wGif rdbrsm; yg0ifqEjycJMh uonf/ yJE,
G u
f ek ;f ? usHKrai;? rd;k ukwNf rdKUrsm;wGif ausmif;om;
rsm;udk,fwdkif aiGaMu;pkaqmif;vsuf pmoifcef;rsm; aqmufvkyfcJhygonf/ ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*? q&mrsm; vdktyfcsuf
twGuf Nrdwf? ausmif;ukef;? [oFmw? awmifil? Aef;armf? rdk;ukwfNrdKUrsm;wGif pmroifMum;awmhbJ qEjyawmif;qdkrI
jyKvkyfcJhayonf/
ppfom;wa,muftwGuf wvvQif (330) usyfrQ oHk;aecsdef? ausmif;om;wa,muftwGuf (8) usyf
(60) jym;om oHk;aeavonf/
xdkodkY vdktyfcsufrsm;aMumifh aemifwacwfwGif wm0ef,lrnfh ausmif;om;rsm;rSm t&nftcsif; rjynfhjzpfMu
avonf/ xdkYaMumifh ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk 10% wdk;jrifh&ef awmif;qdkcJhygonf/
(2) zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIOya'rsm; kwfodrf;&eftqdk
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf tajccHzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'wGif vGwfvyfpGm a&;om;ajymqdkcGifh?
vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fcGifh? ,HkMunfcGifh? vGwfvyfpGm pnf;Hk;cGifh? ta&;qdkcGifh paom tajccH'Drdkua&pD tcGifhta&;rsm;udk
jy|mef; twnfjyKxm;aomfvnf; ,aeYwGif xdktcGifhta&;udk wm;qD;csKyfcs,fjcif; trsKd;rsKd;jzifh zsufqD;cHae&onf/
vGwv
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467
rSdap&ef trdefYcH,lapjcif;? oydwfwm;Oya'rsm;jzifh tcGifhta&;awmif;qdkcGifhudk ydwfyifxm;jcif;? tmPmvufSdygwD
rsm;ESihf qefYusio
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f yfum opmazmufOya'rsm;jzifh owfjzwfaejcif;? tpd;k &tzGUJ udk
ra0zef&Jatmif yk'fr (500) toa&zsufrIOya'rsm; jyKvkyfMuHpnfaeayonf/
&efukefwuodkvf? atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&; ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rIonf ausmif;om;w&yfvHk; vdk
vm;axmufcrH I &cJo
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vlxkrSm ]aponfUuRef? xGefonfUEGm;yrm} vkyfcHae&kHrQ ae&ayonf/
odYk ygaomaMumifh ArmEdik if t
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kd a&pDenf;pepfus xlaxmifxm;aom wdik ;f oljynfom;rsm; tajccHtcGihf
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a<u;aMumfoHrsm;jzifh(1) trsKd;om;aeh
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aoG;rcGJeJh? aoG;rcGJeJh
(3) ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;
wnfaqmufMu? wnfaqmufMu
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tjrefvTwf? tjrefvTwf
(5) xkwfxm;wJUausmif;om;awG
ausmif;jyefoGif;? ausmif;jyefoGif;
(6) ynma&;&efyHkaiG
wdk;ay;? wdk;ay;
(7) zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIOya'
kyfodrf;ypf? kyfodrf;ypf
(8) 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;
rcsKyfcs,feJh? rcsKyfcs,feJh
(9) trsKd;om;nDGwfa&;
wnfaqmufMu? wnfaqmufMu
(10) trsKd;om;opmazmufawG
tvdkrSd? tvdkrSd
trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&; a<u;aMumfoHrsm;jzifh atmifjrifpGm kyfodrf;oGm;onf/
(#) (35) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeh tqdkrsm;

ynma&;tqdk
(1) pmar;yGJcsausmif;xkwfpepf usifhoHk;jcif;?
(2) wuodkvf oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf usifhoHk;jcif;?
(3) wuodkvf0ifpmar;yGJrsm;wGif pmar;yGJ0ifcGifh (3) ESpf ydwfyifjcif;?
(4) wuodkvf0ifpmar;yGJESifh [dkufpul;zdkife,f cGJjcm;um pmar;yGJESpfqifh jyKvkyfjcif;rsm;udk
vHk;0uefYuGufvdkufygaMumif;/
(1) atmufwb
kd mausmif;wvydwaf &; ta&;awmfyt
kH wGuf ausmif;xkwcf x
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kd mausmif;wvydwaf &; ta&;awmfyt
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ynmenf;ESifh udkufnDrSefuefaom ynm&yfrsm;tm; tawG;tac: vGJacsmfapaom ynm&yfrsm;? wdk;wufvsufSdaom
avmu"gwfynmESihf rudu
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a&;twGuf pufrIvufrIynm&yfrsm;udk wdwdusus oifMum;ay;&rnfhtpm; roifMum;bJ aecJhayonf/ jrefrmtrsKd;
om; ,Ofaus;rIyHkpHESifh udkufnDaom trsKd;om;pmrsm; oifMum;&rnfhtpm; t*Fvdyfbmomudk ,aeYtxd t"duxm;
468

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ynm&yfrsm;om jzpfaecJhonf/
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w&yfvHk; tusKd;Sdaom 'Drdkua&pDynma&;pepfudk wnfaqmuf&eff awmif;qdkvdkufygaMumif;/
jynfot
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472

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(1) wjynfv;kH Sd ausmif;om;xk ud,
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a&;ESihf ausmif;om;tusKd; umuG,af &;rsm;twGuf e,fu,
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xkwfum ausmif;om;jyemrsm;wGif aygif;pyfvsuf q&m? ausmif;om; nDGwfa&;udk wnfaqmufEdkif&ef
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ydkif 0dkif;y,fa&;? wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkBuD;w&yfudk wnfaqmufEkdif&ef vnf;aumif;
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ESifh cdkifjrJrSefuefaom qufoG,frIrsm; rSefuefpGm &,lEdkif&ef/
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tcsdefrD jyifqifEdkifjcif;aMumifh tzGJUcsKyfpnf;Hk;a&; wdk;wuf&rnf jzpfonf/
ed*Hk;taeESifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf (4) ESpf oufwrf;odkY a&mufcJhayonf/ (4) ESpfwmumv twGif;0,f
rSefuefaomvrf;pOfjzifh csDwufum ausmif;om;xktusKd;? jynfolYtusKd;udk ajymifajrmufatmif o,fydk;cJh\/ odkY
o,fydk;cJhjcif;jzifhvnf; vlxktm; iwfjywfqif;&J? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fcJhaom zqyvqdkS,fvpfwdkY\ Ncdrf;ajcmuf zrf;qD;
zdESdyfjcif;ESifh if;wdkYvufyg;ap 'Dtufpftdkrsm; arG;jrLum ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;udk ysufpD;apvsuf Auorsm;tzGJU
csKyfukd ysupf ;D ap&ef MuH,
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Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf ausmif;om;xkudk nDGwfapvsuf vlxkESifhvufwGJum ausmif;om;tusKd;? jynfolYtusKd;udk
ajymifajrmufatmif aqmifGufrnfyif jzpfayonf/
urmU'Drdkua&pDvli,frsm;tzGJYcsKyf - t"GefhSnfygap
urmUausmif;om;rsm;tzGJYcsKyf - t"GefhSnfygap
Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf - wnfjrJygap
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(aZmf0if;)
Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf
473
()
&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* trIaqmiftzGJU\ tpD&ifcHpm
aeYpGJ- 7? 2? 55
&Jabmfor*0if ausmif;olôm;taygif;wdkh1954-55 ckESpf &efukefwuodkvfor*&JU tvkyftpnf;ta0;yGJrSm &JabmfwdkY or*&JU vkyfaqmifcsufawGeJY
rNyD;qHk;ao;wJh wdkufyGJtwGuf jyifqifp&mawGudk rwifjyrD wuoBuD; b,fvdk ay:aygufvm&w,f qdkwmudkawmh
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awG awG;Munhf&if ay:vmEdkifygw,f/
1952-53 ckESpf wuoaG;aumufyGJ[m qdkS,fvpfawG&JU ya,m*eJY ysufpD;cJh&w,f/ 'DvlawG&JU vkyfMuH
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odjrifw,f/ 'ghaMumifh wuo jyefay:aygufa&;twGuf w&m;rQwwJh aG;aumufyGJ vkyfay;ygvdkY ausmif;om;xku
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tmPmydkifawGu rvkyfap&bl;? wcsdefxJrSm wuodkvftmPmydkifawGuvnf; or*tcef;u@udk jrKyfypf csifw,f/
or*Sdae&if olwdkYtwGuf taESmifht,Suf t[efYtwm;vdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm ,lqaew,f/ 'gaMumifh or*ae&mrS
ausmif;om; aygif;oif;qufqaH &;eJY oufomacsmifcsad &; (Students Social Welfare Council) wdYkzUJG zdYk tjyif;txef
BudK;pm;Muw,f/ ausmif;om;xku jrifwmu or*omvQif aygif;oif;qufqaH &;eJY oufomacsmifcsda&; vkyaf y;r,f
vdkY pGJjrJpGm ,HkMunfxm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh or*udk jyefvnfzGJUpnf; wnfaxmifvdkaMumif; qEawG azmfxkwfMuw,f/
or*ukd tpm;xk;d jcif; r[kw?f Mum;r0ifygeJYvYkd b,fvakd jymayr,fv
h J um,uHajrmufrmS awmh or*ukd acsrIe;f wJah e&m
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qefEdkifbJ wuodkvfaumifpDu ygarmursm;ESifh yl;wGJtkyfcsKyfaom aG;aumufyGJaumfrSifonf 1954-55 ckESpf
wuo aG;aumufyGJ usif;yay;cJh&onf/ yxraG;aumufyGJudk atmufwdkbm (1) &uf? 'kwd,ywf aG;aumufyGJudk
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474

4/ udkwifaT
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ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;wm0efcH
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1954-55 ckESpf tdk;a0r*Zif;aumfrwDrSm
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wm0efcHt,f'Dwm
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aiGxdef;
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475
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476

udk acgif;aqmifoGm;rSmyJ/
awmif;qdck sufawGeYJ ywfoufNyD; &JabmfwYkd ukd wifjyvdw
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awmif;csufjzpf&ufeJY tmPmydkifawGu y,fcsw,f/ cgwdkif; (11) em&Dxday;wm (12) em&Dxd ay;w,f/ reuf (4)
em&Du (6) em&Dxad y;w,f/ 'gayr,fh 'gudv
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awmif;qdkcsufwck taumiftxnfay:vmonftxd BudK;yrf;rSmyJqdkwm tpD&ifcHvdkw,f/
aemufNyD; (65) &mcdkifEIef; ausmif;wufcsdefESifh pmar;yGJ0ifa&;udprSmvnf; wuo qufNyD;wdkufrSmyJ/
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- ausmif;aqmifopfrsm;wGif taqmifemrnf urnf;xdk;ay;&ef?
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wm0efcHodkY vTJay;&ef?
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- ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif vdktyfaeaom "gwfrD;tkyfaqmif;ESifh vdktyfaomypnf;rsm; wyfqifay;&ef?
- &wemESifh aqmufvkyfqJ rmvmausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif opfMurf;jyifcif;ay;&ef?
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wzufwGif ausmif;om;opmazmuf qdkS,fvpfvufyg;ap 'DtufpftdkwdkY\ toGifoPmef wnfSdaeayonf/
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]ausmif;om;aeh} rsKd;awGrSm tjcm;tzGJUtpnf;awGeJY vufwGJvkyfaqmifcJhw,f/ Edk0ifbm (17) &ufaeY ]urmhausmif;
477
om;aeh} rSmqdk&if igwdkYwuo[m Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uoeJY yl;wGJNyD; crf;em;pGm usif;ycJhw,f/ 'DaeYrSmqdk&if
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oabmvuPmawGudkaqmifNyD; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYeJYyl;wGJNyD; ausmif;om;awGu acgif;aqmifusif;yEdkifcJh
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trIaqmiftzGUJ [m ausausvnfvnf aqG;aEG;cJMh uw,f/ Nidr;f csrf;om,mpGm pmayoifMum;a&;rSm q&m? ausmif;om;
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478

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aiG&wkobifausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;
1955 ckEpS o
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usif;y&ef wuouqHk;jzwfcJhw,f/
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(c) b@ma&;qyfaumfrwD
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csif; &if;ESD;cspfMunfrIudk ykdrdk&,lEdkifcJhayonf/
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OD;uHodef;tm; ]aiG"g;} wpif; aiG&wkobif armfuGef;vufaqmiftjzpf ay;tyfcJhonf/
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479
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toif;awGeYJ ,Ofaus;rIxed ;f odr;f jriw
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Sdygao;w,f/ 'DESpf uRefawmfwdkY vkyfaqmifcsufawG[m 'DavmufeJY tm;r&Edkifao;yg/ aSUqufNyD; wuo[m
ausmif;om; tusKd;tcGiafh wGtwGuf opmrazmuf? raMumufrGUH aemufrwGeYf bJ vkyaf qmifzYkd vdt
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or*pnf;rsOf;rsKd;[m tcktajctaeawGeJY rudkufnD? vufawGUvkyfaqmifvdkY r&wmawG Sdaeao;awmh 1952-53
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tMuHay; arwm&yfcHcsifygw,f/ 'DESpf wuo[m aSUESpfaG;aumufyGJ rusif;yrDtcsdefxd ausmif;om;xktwGuf
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480
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1951-52 ckEpS w
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ausmif;om;vIyf mS ;rIrsm; ay:cJo
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kd af umifprD S or*0ifaMu;rsm;udk ausmif;om;wdik ;f xHrS aumuf,l
NyD;? q&mrsm;u OD;pD; or*aG;aumufyGJ jyKvkyfay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfouf &moufyef ausmif;xkwfcH&aom
ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGaJ jzcGi&hf a&;ESihf zrf;qD;jcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; vGwaf jrmufa&;wdYk ukd aqmifu
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1955 ck? ZGev
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OD;wifxGef;onf yJcl;NrKdU? EdkifiHawmfpdkufysKd;a&;bPfHk;cGJwGif vufaxmufrefae*smtjzpf EdkifiHawmfwm0efudk
xrf;aqmifvsuf Sdonf/
481
tcef; (18)
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(1955 rS 1956)
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1955-56 ckEpS w
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udk,fwdkif qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&ef vIyfSm;jyifqif aeMuonf/ udkpdk;odef;wdkYonf owif;pmwdkuftoD;oD;rS udk,fpm;
vS,rf sm; zdwMf um;um ]qef;uzD;} wGif {nhcf
H ausmif;jyef0ifciG &hf a&;udpu
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udkvSxGef;atmif? udkomausmf? udkodef;GefY (uomGefYa0)? udkatmifxGef;? udktkef;armif? udkwifxGwf? udkjrifhodef;?
udkoef;Edkif? udkrsKd;atmifausmfvGif? udkpdk;odef;wdkY wufa&mufcJhMuonf/
(c) wuoa&G;aumufyJG
wyfOD;rS wuo 'k-OuX udkeefZifvm wbuftkyfpkESifh aygif;oGm;ojzifh ausmif;om;nDnGwfa&;wyfOD;
twGif;Sd wdkif;&if;om;ausmif;om;rsm;Mum;wGif rsm;pGm*,ufdkufcJhavonf/ u&if? csif;? Srf;? &cdkif paom ausmif;
om;rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyf&avonf/ 'DtufpftdkbufrS udkeefZifvm OuXtjzpf taG;0ifcHonf/ odYkaomf wyfOD;
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482
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3/ udkpHabmf
4/ udkwifat; (1)
5/ udkbkef;vdIif
6/ udkjrifhOD;
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9/ udkausmfjrifh
10/ udkwifat; (2)
11/ udk0if;wif
'k-Ou|
aiGxdef;
taxGaxGtwGif;a&rSL;
wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;jyefMum;a&;rSL;
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1955-56 ckEpS f wuov
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0if&if; jynfoludk tvkyftauR;jyKcJhw,f/ ausmif;om;awG vdkvm;csuf? ausmif;om;awG tcGifhta&;udk awmif;qdk&if;
ausmif;om;tusKd;udk o,fydk;cJhw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY &efukefwuodkvfor*qdk&if vlxkeJYausmif;om;xk&JU axmufcHtm;
ay;rIukd &Scd w
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atmif ausmif;om;xku tyfESif;wJhwm0efudk opmSdSdausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifygr,fvdkY uwdjyKygw,f/
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vH;k 0 rvHak vmufao;ygbl;/ ausmif;q&mawGq&kd ifvnf; [du
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ra&mufapzdkYtwGuf wuodkvf0ifpmar;yGJudk (2) qifhvkyfzdkY pDpOfMuw,f/
483
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kd t
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kd yf nmwwf enf;atmif
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avawmh wuov
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wuov
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rdefYMum;zl;ovdk q&mawGrSd&ifvnf; ausmif;om;awG rwnfEdkifygbl;/ 'Dawmh q&m? rdbeJY ausmif;om;awG[m
wavSxJpD;? wc&D;xJoGm;awG jzpfMuwJhtwGuf ,aeYawGUaewJh wuodkvf&JUjyem? ynma&;jyemrsm;udk yl;wGJ
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(i) urmah usmif;om;aeU

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qpfwYkd \ ypfowfjcif;udk cH&onft
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jzpfonf/) usqHk;cJhaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; opmapmifhaomtm;jzifh urmt&yf&yfrS ausmif;om;rsm;onf Edkbmv
(17) &uf a&mufwikd ;f zufqpfpepfukd tNyD;wdik q
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Muonf/ ESpfpOfESpfwdkif;yif tar&duef orwkpbJvhfonf aeY urmhausmif;om;rsm;tm; toHvTifhrdefUcGef;pum;
ajymMum;cJhayonf/
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om;rsm; tcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDynma&;twGuf wdkufyGJ0if&if; urmYausmif;om;rsm;or* (I.U.S)
484

onf BuD;xGm;vmonf/ (I.U.S) onf urmYausmif;om;tcsi;f csi;f &if;ES;D rdwaf qGjzpfa&;ESihf Nidr;f csr;f a&;aqmifu
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tjcm;tvTmtoD;oD;rS vli,frsm;ESifh yl;aygif;cJhonf/ or*BuD; zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifNyD;aemuf urmYausmif;om;rsm;\
ta&;jyemrsm;udk ydkrdkvG,fulpGm ajzSif;Edkif&ef XmetoD;oD; cGJjcm;aqmifGufcJhonf/ txl;ojzifh udkvdkeD? udkvdkeD
wydik ;f ESihf rScD akd eaom Edik if rH sm;rS ausmif;om;ta&;udk pGr;f pGr;f wrH aqmifu
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twGufvnf; rsm;pGmtultnDrsm; ay;cJhavonf/ urmYausmif;om;rsm; twGufvnf; pnf;vHk;nDGwfpGm aqmifGuf
&if; qufvufcsDwufaeonf/ MuHUcdkifvsufSdonf/ Edk0ifbm (17) &ufaeYrS ay:aygufcJhonfh wdkufyGJonf ,aeYxd
wdkifcdkufjrJaeonf/ opfvGifaeonf/
Edkbmv (17) &uf urmYausmif;om;rsm;or*aeYudk &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* (wuo)?
&efukefcdkifausmif;om;rsm;or* (&uo)? ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJUcsKyf (Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf)wdkY
yl;aygif;um n (7) em&Dtcsed w
f iG f wuo jrufcif;jyifwiG f wcrf;wem; odu
k Nf rdKufa0qmpGm qif,ifusi;f yawmhonf/
aeYonf Armjynfausmif;om;aeh ('DZifbmv 20 &uf) uJhodkYyif aoG;jzifhcsif;csif;eD&JaomaeY jzpf\/
om"koH
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om"kac:Muygukefavmh/ /
om"koHwGif? aomwqif?
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(rif;ok0Pf)
(p) 1955-56 ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rI

1956 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (23) &ufaeYwGif wuodkvft"dywd? EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf\ zdwfMum;csuft&
wuodkvfor* trIaqmiftzGJUonf EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfESifh oGm;a&mufawGUqHkcJhonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif wuo
trIaqmiftzGJUrS ,aeY wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;wGif ta&;wBuD;vdktyfaeaom atmufygawmif;qdkcsuf (5) csuf
udk wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/
1/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;?
2/ atmufwb
kd mausmif;wvydwaf &;ESihf ywfouf 0&rf;xkwcf &H ol (2) OD;tm; 0&rf;jyefvnf kyo
f rd ;f a&;?
3/ atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh ywfouf ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;tm; ausmif;jyefvnfwufcGifh
&a&;?
4/ zrf;qD;cH&aom wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;ESifh rEav;rS &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&onfh udkausmf
pdk;wdkYtm; jyefvTwfa&;?
5/ tmSS-tmz&duausmif;om;uGefz&ifhwGif ArmjynfrS wufa&mufEdkifa&;wdkY jzpfonf/
wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;onf ajreDukef; zrf;qD;cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepf
y,fzsufa&;ESifhywfouf &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* (wuo) uwifjy&m ausmif;om;rsm; rsm;jym;vm
onfhtwGuf (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk wDxGifjcif;jzpfaMumif; wifjycJhonf/ wifjycsuftwdkif; rSefuefygu
(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfonf vHk;0rw&m;[k 0efBuD;csKyfu vufcHonfhtjyif ygarmucsKyfuvnf; ausmif;om;xk
u xdkudpudk vHk;0rvdkvm;aMumif;? (2) cgus ausmif;om;trsm;tjym;Sdonfhtjyif ausmif;om;rsm;rSm pmudkajzmifh
atmif avhvmEdik jf cif;rjyKEdik b
f J pd;k &drw
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xkwpf epfEiS hf ywfouf aumifpt
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taMumif;jyefygrnf[k uwdjyKajymqdck o
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485
ArmhwyfrawmfrS A[do
k ifwef;twGuf ac:,laom aMunmcsuf xGuv
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xkwfcH&olrsm;ESifh ,lwDpD (wuodkvftaysmfwrf;wyf) tm; Adkvfoifwef;twGuf tcGifhta&;ay;rnf[k ygSdonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJcsNyD; ppfwyfxJ armif;oGif;aeonfhoabm oufa&mufoGm;onf/
ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; ausmifjyef0ifcGifh&Sda&;ESifh ywfouf aqG;aEG;&m pmayoifMum;rIonf vlwdkif;\
tcGifhta&;udpj zpfaMumif;? tcGifhta&;udk rwm;qD;oifhaMumif;? tjypfSdu tjypfay;&efyifjzpfaMumif; wifjyum
EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfu pmayoifMum;rIqdkif&mwGif tkyfcsKyfa&;zufrS 0ifa&mufpGufzufonfrSm rrSefaMumif; vufcHcJh
onf/ ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh &Sda&;twGuf pOf;pm;rnf[k ajymMum;cJhonf/
atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh 0&rf;xkwcf x
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k 0S if;? udb
k aumif;wdu
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OD;tm; ,cifuvnf; ausmif;xkwfjcif;rSdyg? ,ckvnf;rSdyg [k ajymMum;cJhonf/
vkyfMuHzrf;qD;cH&aom wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;ESifh yk'f (5) jzifh zrf;qD;cH&aom rEav;rS &mouf
yef ausmif;xkwcf &H aom ausmif;om; udak usmfp;kd wdYk twGuv
f nf; wuorS rw&m;zrf;qD;cHae&onft
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(&uo) wdkYESifhyl;aygif; tjrefqHk;jyefvTwf&ef wdkufwGef;cJhonf/ udkwifat; zrf;qD;cH&onfrSm (3) vcefY MumNyD
jzpfaomfvnf; trI (2) cgrQom &ifqikd &f ygonf/ oufaow0ufrQ ppfrNyD;ao;bJo
dS nf/ odYk &ufqx
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(4) vcefYNdS yD;jzpfaomfvnf; H;k wifppfaq;jcif; ,cktcsed x
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udak usmpf ;kd rSm atmufwb
kd mausmif;wvydwaf &;twGuf qEjyoljzpfjcif;wdYk aMumifh zrf;qD;jcif;jzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh
zqyvwdkYudk EdkifiHa&;oabmxm; uGJvGJjcif;twGuf vkyfMuHzrf;qD;jcif;om jzpfonf/ odkYaomf jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;\
ajymMum;csufESifh vufawGUvkyfaqmifcsufrSm tajymESifhtvkyf wjcm;pDjzpfaeygonf/
tmSEiS t
hf mz&duausmif;om;uGezf &ifw
h iG f Armjynfrw
S ufa&mufEikd af &;ESihf ywfouf 0efBuD;csKyfEiS hf wuo
rS aqG;aEG;cJhygonf/ xdknDvmcHodkYwufa&muf&ef trsKd;om;jyifqifa&;aumfrwDw&yf zGJpnf;cJhygonf/ xdkaumf
rwDzGJUpnf;&mwGif 'Dtufpftdk? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYudkvnf; zdwfMum;cJhygonf/ 'Dtufpftdkrsm; xdktpnf;
ta0;odkY rwufa&mufcJhyg/
0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekvnf; (1953) ck atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHktwGif;u trSwf (22) ppf&Jrsm; zsufpD;ojzihf
ysufpD;oGm;aom wuodkvfor* pmMunfhwdkufudk jyKjyif&eftwGuf aiG (2180) usyf vSL'gef;cJhygonf/
(q)
udv
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uRefawmfwYkd EpS Of ;D onf 1953 ck atmufwb

kd mausmif;wvydwaf &;ESihf ywfouf ausmif;om;xk\ wm0ef
ay;csuft& aqmifGufcJholrsm;jzpfygonf/
wuodkvf pwifzGifhvSpfonfrSp 1952 ckESpftxd atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfay;&jcif;rSm tpOftvm
w&yf jzpfygonf/ odkYausmif;wvydwf&jcif;rSm ZGefvausmif;zGifhonfrSp pufwifbmvtxd (4) vvHk;vHk;
oifMum;ydYk cscahJ om wuov
kd f yxrydik ;f oifcef;pmrsm;udk avhvmqnf;yl;&eftwGuf tcsed af y;onfo
h abmjzifh ausmif;
wvydwaf y;jcif; jzpfygonf/ t*FvefdS atmufpzdYk wuov
kd Bf uD;rSmyif wBudrv
f Qif (2) vydwaf om tpOftvmSo
d nf
[k od&onf/
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odkY ausmif;avQmhydwfjcif;jzifh (15) &ufonf rnfonfhausmif;om;udkrS ynmtqifhtwef;jrifh&ef rjzpfEdkifyg/
,ck wuov
kd t
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f u
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wdYk \ &jrJtcGit
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ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u atmufwdkbmvwGif ausmif;wvydwfjrJydwf&ef awmif;qdkjcif; jzpfygonf/
awmif;qdck sufonf w&m;rQwonf rSeu
f efonf[k uRefawmfwYkd vH;k 0,HMk unfayonf/ atmufwb
kd mv
ausmif;wvydwaf y;jcif;jzifh yxrydik ;f oifcef;pmrsm;udk avhvmEdik f rkH u ausmif;om;xktwGuf tusKd;jzpfxeG ;f onf[k
486

,HkMunfayonf/ xdkaMumifhvnf; uRefawmfwdkYESpfOD;tm; atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;twGuf aqmifGuf&ef
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hJ jzifh zrf;qD;cH&aom ausmif;om;&Jabmftm;vH;k udk vTwaf y;cJMh uayonf/
ausmif;om;tm;vHk;udk pmar;yGJajzcGifhjyKonftxd vdkufavsmcJh&onf/
1955-56 ckESpfwGif (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk wuodkvftmPmydkifrsm;u toHk;jyKcJhojzifh &efukef?
rEav;? armfvNrdKifaumvdyfwdkYwGif ausmif;om;ESpfaxmifausmf pmayoifMum;rI &yfqdkif;cJh&onf/ xdkYtwGuf wuo
onf ausmif;om;tcGit
hf a&;udk wm;qD;ydwyf ifcsufjzpfonfh (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epf zsuford ;f a&;twGuf rdbjynf
olrsm;odkY yefMum;vTmxkwfjcif;? owif;pmuGefz&ifhac:,lum 5? 7? 55 aeYwGif wBudrf? 13? 9? 55 aeYwGifwBudrf
ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;rsm; usif;yuefYuGufcJhonf/ 'kwd,tBudrfuefYuGufqEjyyGJwGif ausmif;om;aygif; ESpf
axmifhig;&mausmf wufa&mufum NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;xH vSnfhvnfwdkifMum;qEjycJhonf/ ausmif;om;xkxHrS (3) cgus
ausmif;xkwpf epfuefYuu
G jf cif; jzpfaom qEjyaumufc&H mwGif vufrw
S f av;axmifausmf &Scd o
hJ nf/ (3) cgusausmif;
xkwfpepftwGuf qEawmif;cHyGJ jyKvkyf&m ausmif;om;aygif; (4708) a,muf uefYuGufqEjy? (315) a,mufu
if;pepfudk oabmusaMumif;ESifh (17) a,muf Mum;aecJhonf/
489
wuodkvfausmif;om;xk\ tajctaeudk 1955 ckESpf? Edk0ifbm (24) &ufaeYrS (26) &ufaeYxd usif;yaom
vli,faygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJwGif wifjycJhNyD; (35) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYESifh (17) Budrfajrmuf ausmif;om;rsm;
aeYwGif wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/ 1956 ckESpf? Zefe0g&D (12) &ufaeYESifh (13) &ufaeYrsm;wGif ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;\
toHwdwfqEjyyGJjyKvkyfcJhum ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; axmufcHrI&SdcJhonf/ Zefe0g&Dv (13) &ufaeYwGif wuodkvf
aumifpD qEjy&if;yif ausmif;om; (700) ausmfvSnfhvnfqEjychJonf/
odkY awmif;qdkcJhMuHkrQru wuodkvfaumifpD aqG;aEG;yGJac:,lum or*udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u wqifh
awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ wuotvHawmfatmufwGif nDGwfpGm vufwGJawmif;qdkrIaMumifh1/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfESifh ywfoufpOf;pm;&ef oifhavsmfaom enf;vrf;rsm; wifjy&eftwGuf
aumfrwDw&yfudkyif zGJUpnf;cJhMuayonf/ (oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf roifhavsmfonfhtwGuf jyefvnf
pOf;pm;&onfh oabmyifjzpfonf/)
2/ wzefausmif;om;xktm; pmar;yGu
J srnfah b;rS oufomap&ef (Overall Moderation) udk &Scd ahJ yonf/
3/ ,cifausmif;0ifcGifhpnf;urf;rsm;wGif wuodkvfESifhqefYusifzuf rjyKvkyfyg[laom pnf;urf;rsm; zsuf
odrf;um ajymif;vJtpm;xdk;cJh&ayonf/
4/ ausmif;xkwfcH&olwdkYESifh ywfouf ausmif;om; (2) OD;tm; ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh&&ef axmufcHjcif;?
(4) OD;tm; jyefvnfpOf;pm;&ef[k qHk;jzwf&jcif;xd vdkufavsmcJh&ayonf/
5/ (Canteen fees) rsm;udk zsufodrf;cJh&kHrQru ausmif;taqmuftOD wdk;csJUjcif;? q&mvHkavmufpGm
cefYxm;jcif;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm* jynfhpHkrI&Sdapjcif; tpSdonfh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk rltm;jzifh wuodkvf
tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUxHrS vufcH&SdcJhonf/
odYk awmif;qdck suftcsKdU vdu
k af vsm&NyD; tcsKdUjynfvnfpOf;pm;jcif; jyK&onfrmS wuo\ awmif;qdck suf
rsm;onf w&m;rQwrSefuefonfhtjyif wuo\ rSefuefaom acgif;aqmifrIatmufwGif ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;
nDGwfpGm ta&;qdkcJhonfhtwGuf jzpfonf/
(ps) 'kw,
d tBurd w
f uov
kd af ygi;f pHak qG;aEG;yGBJ u;D
'kw,
d tBudraf jrmuf wuov
kd Ef iS hf aumvdyaf ygif;pHak qG;aEG;yGu
J kd wuotaqmuftODwiG f 1956 ck Zefe0g&D
v 23? 24? 25 &ufaeYrsm;wGif usif;yonfhtcg udk,fpm;vS,f (126) OD;ESifh avhvmol (65) OD; wufa&mufonf/
,if;aqG;aEG;yGJrS jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; yefMum;vTm xkwfjyef&mwGif-
jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpaJ &; yefMum;vTm

&efukefwuodkvf? rEav;wuodkvf? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf? rauG;OypmaumvdyfrS ausmif;om;
ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf wuov
kd af ygif;pHrk S tzGUJ aygif;pHk ud,
k pf m;vS,w
f Ykd onf &efuek Nf rdKU wuo taqmuftODwiG f
Zefe0g&Dv 23? 24? 25 &ufaeYrsm;wGif awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhMuavonf/
xdo
k Ykd aqG;aEG;yGw
J iG f wuov
kd Ef iS hf aumvdyt
f ajctaet&yf&yfukd aqG;aEG; wifjycJMh uayonf/ wuov
kd f
aumvdyrf sm;wGif ynma&;tqift
h wef; edru
hf sjcif;? ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;q&m? ausmif;oH;k y&dabm*rsm;
jynfpHkvHkavmufjcif;rSdbJ vdktyfaejcif;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm; wm;qD;ydwfyifjcif;wdkYudk cHae&onf/
odkYjzifh ynma&;tqifhtwef; edrfhusjcif;? vdktyfcsufrsm;jzpfay:vmjcif;rsm;u wjznf;jznf;wdk;wuf
vmum ynma&;tusyt
f wnf; ydrk ekd ufiId ;f &jcif;rSm ynma&;toH;k p&dw&f efyakH iGukd enf;yg;pGmoH;k pGu
J m jynfwiG ;f ppf
twGuf toHk;p&dwfudk ydkrdkoHk;pGJjcif;aMumifhjzpfonfudk awGUSd&ayonf/
,aeY jynfwGif;ppfjzpfyGm;cJhonfrSm (7) ESpfausmfMumcJhNyD/ vlxkw&yfvHk;onf 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;
twGuf awmif;qdw
k u
kd yf 0JG ifcMhJ uonfukd zdEydS cf sKyfcs,u
f m 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGit
hf a&;udk ydwyf ifwm;qD;jcif;? jynfov
l x
l k
w&yfvHk;wGif pD;yGm;a&;usyfwnf; usOf;ajrmif;vmum pD;yGm;a&; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;udk cHMu&NyD; tcGifhta&;
awmif;qdv
k maom vlxt
k m; vufeufjzifzh Ed ydS rf aI Mumifh jynfwiG ;f ppf jzpfay:vmcJ&h ayonf/ (7) ESpaf usmf jzpfay:vm
aom jynfwiG ;f ppftwGuf ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH rSm ynma&;tusyt
f wnf; ydrk ekd ufiId ;f vmjcif;? vlxw
k &yfv;kH rSm
pD;yGm;a&;tusyftwnf; ydkrdkeufIdif;vmjcif; paom jynfwGif;ppf'Pfudk tjyif;txefcHpm;cJh&ayonf/
490

odkYjynfolvlxkESifh ausmif;om;xkcHpm;ae&aom jynfwGif;ppfudk jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;u &yfpJ&ef
vdkvm;Muayonf/ ,aeYtajctaewGif ppfa&;t& tMurf;zufESdrfeif;jcif;jzifh jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;rSm rjzpfEdkif
aMumif; (7) ESpfausmf tawGUtMuHKrsm;u oufaoxifSm;apcJhNyD jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh
&yfpyJ g&ef 'kw,
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pHak qG;aEG;yGBJ uD;rS arwm&yfcH yefMum;vdu
k yf gaMumif;/
wuodkvfESifUaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJtqdkrsm;
(u) ausmif;om;tusKd;ESifU vdktyfcsuftqdkrsm;
1/ ynma&;&efyHkaiG q,f&mcdkifEIef; wdk;jrifhoHk;pGJ&ef?
2/ wuodkvfaxmufyHhaMu;udk aiGodef; (100) usyfxufrenf; oHk;pGJwdk;jrifhay;&ef?
3/ EdkifiHjcm;ynmawmfoif ausmif;om;OD;a&udk wdk;jrifh&efESifh axmufyHhaMu;aiGay;aom ausmif;om;OD;a&udk
wdk;jrifh&ef?
4/ q&mrsm; vpmaiGudk vHkavmufpGm wdk;jrifhay;&ef?
5/ ausmif;om;OD;a&ESihf tcsK;d us ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;oH;k y&dabm*ESihf ud&,
d mypn;f rsm; vHak vmuf
pGm xm;Sd&ef?
6/ aumvdyftqifhSd ausmif;rsm;tm; wuodkvftqifhxd jrifhwif&efESifh vdktyforQaom tajccHjyifqifrI
rsm;tm; tjrefqHk; pDrHaqmifGuf&ef?
7/ ArmEdkifiHwGif wuodkvftqifhSdaom ausmif; (1) ausmif;? aumvdyftqifhSd ausmif; (6) ausmif;rQom
Sdum aemufxyfvdktyfaeaom ae&mrsm; wuodkvfaumvdyfrsm; vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUaqmufvkyf
ay;&ef?
8/ wuov
kd af umvdyrf sm;Sd ausmif;aqmifrsm;tm; acwfraD usmif;aqmifrsm;tjzpf jyifqifay;&efEiS hf ausmif;
aqmifrsm; xyfrHwdk;csJU aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
9/ ausmif;om;OD;a&ESihf vdt
k yforQaom aq;Hrk sm;? q&m0efrsm;? tm;upm;enf;jy q&mrsm;ESihf upm;ckepf m;
ud&d,mrsm;udk vdktyfonfhae&mwGif tjrefqHk; wdk;csJUjznfhpGuf&ef?
10/ ausmif;aqmifcrsm;udk avQmhcsay;&ef? rvdt
k yfaom tmrcHaMu;rsm;udk y,fzsufay;&efEiS hf ausmif;oH;k pm
tkyfaps;EIef;rsm;udk oufomacsmifcsdatmif aqmifGufay;&ef/
(c) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;tqdk
1/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepftm; tjrefqHk;kyfodrf;&efESifh aumifpDrS zGJUpnf;xm;aom pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDrS
tjrefqHk; pOf;pm;qHk;jzwf&efESifh pHkprf;qJumvwGif pepftm; toHk;rjyKbJ &yfqdkif;xm;&ef?
2/ 1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh ywfouf &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;tm;
tjrefqHk; ausmif;jyefwufcGifhjyK&ef?
3/ 1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh ywfouf &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&ol (2) OD;
tm; 0&rf;xkwfxm;jcif;udk jyefvnfkyfodrf;&ef?
4/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS ynma&;0efBuD;XmeodkY awmif;qdkcsufrsm; axmufcHjcif;?
5/ 1956 ckESpf rwfvwGif bef;a'gif;NrdKUwGifusif;yrnfh tmS-tmz&du ausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcHudk BudKqdk
aMumif;? jrefrmausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; wufa&mufEikd &f ef Edik if u
H ;l vufrw
S f xkwaf y;&efEiS hf Edik if aH wmf
tpdk;&u ukefusp&dwfaxmufyHh&eftcsufrsm; qHk;jzwfonf/
xdak qG;aEG;yGo
J Ykd urmah usmif;om;rsm;or*rS ud,
k pf m;vS,f (A.d Thomas) wufa&muf rdeYf ceG ;f ajymMum;
onf/ aqG;aEG;yGJrS xkwfjyefaom a<u;aMumfoHrsm;rSm1/ ausmif;om;tcGifUta&; &,lMu
2/ jynfwGif;ppf &yfpJMu
3/ wuodkvfaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD; wnfjrJygap
4/ urmhausmif;om;rsm;or* t"GefhSnfygap
491
rauG;aumvdyfOypmausmif;om;rsm;or* aMunmcsuf
wuodkvfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJtqdkrsm;
(u) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;
(1) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk vHk;0zsufodrf;&ef?
(2) ausmif;ac:csdef 65% SdrSomvQif pmar;yGJajzEdkifcGifhay;onfh rw&m;aom owfrSwfcsufudk zsufodrf;
&ef?
(3) ausmif;om;or*taqmuftODwck tjrefqHk; aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
(4) rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefvTwf&ef?
(5) rw&m;xkwfy,fxm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk ausmif;jyefoGif;&ef?
(6) ausmif;om;tpnf;ta0;yGJrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm usif;ycGifhay;&ef?
(7) ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;xufrenf; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef/
(c) ynma&;
(1) rauG;Oypmaumvdyw
f iG f &efuek w
f uov
kd f oifMum;Edik af om bmom&yftm;vH;k udk pHv
k ifpmG oifMum;
ydkYcsay;&ef?
(Oyrm- tydkbmom&yfrsm;wGif &mZ0if? wuaA'? pdwfBudKufjrefrmpm? ygVd? ocFsm? "mwkaA'? lyaA'?
ygPaA'rSvGJ tjcm;bmom&yfrsm; rydkYcsEdkifao;yg/)
(2) ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk odef; (100) txd wdk;jrifhay;&ef?
(3) vufawGUprf;oyfcef;ESifh ywfoufaom ud&d,mrsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf vHkavmufpGmxm;Sd
ay;&ef?
(4) ausmif;wGif q&mtvHktavmuf xm;Sday;&ef?
(5) ausmif;pmMunfhwdkufwck zGifhvSpfay;&ef/
(*) oufomacsmifcsda&;
(1) ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfrsm; aps;EIef;BuD;jrifhaerIudk aps;EIef;oufomatmif aqmifGufay;&ef?
(2) vdktyfaomar*smrsm; wuodkvfESifh Oypmaumvdyfrsm; wdk;csJUzGifhvSpfay;&ef?
(3) ausmif;olôm;rsm; c&D;oGm;vm&m tpdk;&ydkif,mOfrsm;udk w0ufEIef;jzifh pD;cGifhay;&ef?
(4) ausmif;aqmifcrsm; avQmhcsay;&ef?
(5) rauG;aumvdyfwGif rdef;uav;ausmif;aqmif waqmif aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
(6) trsKd;om;ausmif;aqmifwGif wcef;vHk;trsm;qHk; (2) a,mufom xm;Sd&ef?
(7) aeYausmif;olôm;rsm; em;aecef; xm;Sday;&ef/
(C) usef;rma&;
(1) rauG;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;aqmifcef;wckudk tjrefqHk; xm;Sday;&ef?
(2) ruG;aumvdyw
f iG f ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdu
k f &oif&h xdu
k af om upm;ckepf m;aMu;rsm;udk tjrefq;kH xkwf
ay;&efESifh acwfrDupm;ypnf;rsm; xkwfay;&ef?
(3) ausmif;aqmifo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;odkYvnf; upm;ckefpm;aMu; xkwfay;&ef?
(4) um,Avenf;jyq&m wa,muf cefYxm;ay;&ef/
trIaqmiftzGYJ
rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*
492
rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*tpD&ifcHpm
,aeYusif;yvsufSdaom wuodkvfaygif;pHk rauG;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;olôm;rsm;\ b0tajctaeudk
atmufygtwdkif; tpD&ifcHygonf/
uRefawmfwdkY OypmaumvdyfwGif vdktyfcsufrsm;rSm1/ ynmoifMum;ae&aom tajctae
uRefawmfwdkY ,aeYynmoifMum;a&; tajctaerSm tzufzufrS csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;ESifh jynfhESufvsufSdNyD;
atmufwef;usvSayonf/ rauG;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGm ray;Edkifjcif;? Oypmwef; oifMum;
Edkifaom bmom&yftm;vHk;udk rauG;aumvdyf jynfhpHkpGm roifMum;Edkifjcif; tpSdonfwdkY jzpfonf/ yx0D? ul;oef;
a&mif;0,fa&;? abm*aA'? blrdaA'ESifh Ak'bmom oifcef;pmrsm; roifMum;Edkifjcif; ponfwdkYtwGuf xdkbmomrsm;
oifMum;vdkolrsm;onf &efukefwuodkvfodkY oGm;a&muf oifMum;ae&ygonf/
uRefawmfwYkd ausmif;wGif rde;f uav;ESihf a,mufsm;av;ausmif;aqmifrsm; oD;jcm;rSad o;onft
h wGuf pmoif
cef;rsm;wGifyif aexdkif&onf/ q&m? q&mrrsm;vnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; ausmif;
om;rsm;twGufESifh q&mrsm;twGuf oD;oefYtaqmuftODrsm; vdktyfvsuf Sdaeygonf/
uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;rsm;twGufvnf; pmMunfhcef;? tyef;ajzcef;? or*tcef;rsm; oD;oefY rSdao;yg/
oufqdkif&mbmom&yfudk avhvm&ef pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;vnf; tvG,fwul 0,fr&Edkifao;yg/
2/ usef;rma&;tajctae
rauG;aumvdyw
f iG f ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf aq;ay;cef;wck vdt
k yfvsuf Sad eygonf/ upm;ckef
pm;a&;ESifh ywfoufvnf; ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf xkwfay;&efSdaom upm;ckefpm;aMu; aiGudk xkwfay;jcif;rSd
cJhyg/
3/ oufomacsmifcsda&;
rauG;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf oD;jcm;pmwdkufyHk; rSdyg/ bmom&yfqdkif&m aps;BuD;aom pm
tkyfrsm; iSm;&rf;MunfhIEdkif&ef pmMunfhwdkuf rSdao;yg/
,ckESpfwGif ausmif;aqmifo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;twGuf oD;jcm;cef; r&Sdao;ojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;
twGuf ay;xm;aom a&'D,dkESifh owif;pmwdkYudk q&mrsm;tcef;wGifxm;Sd&ojzifh q&mrsm;twGufom jzpfae&
ygonf/
rauG;aumvdyfrSm ,ckESpfrS pwifzGifhvSpfaomfvnf; vdkvm;csufrsm;pGm Sdaeygonf/ a,bk,sjzpfaom
tjcm;vdt
k yfcsufrsm;rSm &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*rS oD;jcm;wifjyMuNyD; jzpf rauG;aumvdyaf usmif;om;
rsm; or*taeESifh rQom wifjyvdkygonf/
xdkvdkvm;csufrsm; awmif;qdk&SdEdkifa&;twGuf nDGwfa&;ESifh ndEIdif;wdkifyif vkyfaqmifjcif;onfom atmif
jrifa&; vrf;aMumif;jzpfaomaMumifh ,ckusif;yaeaom wuodkvfaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk wufa&muf
rauG;Oypmaumvdyf tajctaersm;udk wifjy&jcif;jzpfygonf/
trIaqmiftzGYJ
rauG;ausmif;om;rsm;or*
rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcHpm
uRefawmfwYkd rEav;wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* taejzifh yxrtBudraf jrmuf aumvdyaf ygif;pHk aqG;aEG;
yGJrS aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwfvdkufonfh t&yf&yfqdkif&mawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk &Sdapa&;twGuf enf;trsKd;rsKd;ESifh awmif;qdkwdkuf
yGJ0ifcJhygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJhwJh tpDtpOfudk tenf;tusOf;tm;jzifh tpD&ifcHvdkygw,f/
rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*onf yxrtBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rS qHk;jzwf
vdu
k o
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kd f dS toif;tzGUJ aygif;pHo
k Ykd Si;f vif;wifjyNyD; oufqikd &f mtmPmydik rf sm;
xH wifjyawmif;qdkjcif;jzifh at;csrf;pGmaqmifGufcJhygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; ajymyavmufatmif vdkufavsmrI rSdcJhyg/
rEav;aq;odyH ausmif;om;wdkif; axmufyHhaMu;ay;a&;tcsufom vdkufavsmygw,f/
xdkYaemuf ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD; vIHYaqmfpkHk;usif;ycJhygonf/ wdkif;jynfrsufpd em;ESifhwlonfh owif;
493
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wuodkvftoD;oD;rS ausmif;om;ôlaygif; (2000) ausmfudk ynmoifMum;cGifhydwf ausmif;xkwfypfap
onfh (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;udkvnf; tjyif;txef awmif;qdkcJhygonf/ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwf
pepfaMumifh uRefawmfrsm; rEav;wuov
kd rf S ausmif;olôm;aygif; (300) rQ ynmoifMum;cGirhf &bJ 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ
pGm ausmif;rSxGufcGm oGm;Mu&ygonf/
(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;? zdESdyfrIOya'rsm; kyfodrf;a&;? ausmif;q&m? ausmif;oHk;ypnf;?
ausmif;taqmuftOD vHkavmufa&; ponfhtcsufrsm;udk trsKd;om;aeY vlxkpnf;a0;yGJ? ausmif;om;aeY vlxkpnf;a0;
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ausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfvHk;u uefYuGufzsufodrf;&ef awmif;qdkaomfvnf; tmPmydkifrsm;onf aumif;pGmta&;r,l
ao;ay/
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odrf;a&;ESifh tjcm;tcGifhta&;vdktyfcsufrsm; &Sda&;twGuf ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;rsm; jyKvkyfusif;y wnD
wGwfwnf; awmif;qkdcJhygonf/ rdbjynfolrsm; tultnD&Sda&;ESifh ausmif;om;xk\ trSefudkodapa&;twGuf
NrdKUwGi;f vSnv
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ausmfaom qEvufrSwfrsm;udk tmPmydkifrsm;xH wifjyawmif;qdkcJhygonf/ xdkuJhodkY awmif;qdkonfhae&mrSm rEav;
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vyf wdkufyGJwGif ryg0ifEdkifjcif;om jzpfygonf/
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udk awGU&ygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; vdkufavsmrIonf rajymyavmufao;ay/ epfemcsuf trsm;tjym; Sdaeao;onf/
xdkepfemcsufrsm;udk 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rSm wifjyqkH;jzwfjyD; wkdufyGJ0ifoGm;rnfjzpf
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&efuek w
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kd af usmif;tm; 1957 ckEpS w
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494

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aqmifrsm;? prf;oyfaom ypn;f ud&,
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kd af xmufyhH
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a&mufygonf/
rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*onf rEav;wuodkvf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;tm; udk,fpm;jyK
aom w&m;0iftzGJUtpnf; jzpfygaomfvnf; rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*\ &oifh&xdkufaom w&m;0if
tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; qHk;HI;epfemvsufyif Sdaeao;onf/ ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGifvnf; or*rSudk,fpm;vS,f
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aMu;ay;a&; tpSdonfrsm;wGif yg0ifcGifhr&HkrQru rwuopnf;rsOf;tm; ausmif;om;xk (900) cefYrS axmufcH
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ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*? q&m tpSdaom ynmoifMum;a&; vdktyfcsufrsm; rjynfhrpHk rzlrvHk
jzpfae&jcif;? ausmif;om;qE[lorQ vspfvsLIcHae&jcif; tpSdonfwdkYrSm rEav;wuodkvfESifh armfvNrdKif? rauG;?
ausmufjzL? aumvdyfrsm;tjyif &efukefwuodkvf ausmif;om;xkBuD;tygt0if ArmEdkifiHwuodkvf ausmif;om;xk
BuD;onf vnf;aumif;? wjynfvHk;ausmif;om;xkonf vnf;aumif;? ,aeY awGUMuHK&ifqdkifae&onf[k uRefawmf
rsm; vufcH,HkMunfxm;ygonf/
rEav;wuov
kd af usmif;rSm q&m rvHak vmufr?I ausmif;aqmif rvHak vmufraI wG wifjy&r,fq&kd if ausmif;
om; (200) rSm q&mwa,muf oifMum;ae&onfukd vufawGUrsujf rif jzpfygw,f/ bmomtvdu
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(4) aqmifom Sdygao;onf/ jynfawmfomaqmifrSmvnf; x&HumwJwef;jzpfNyD; xdkwJwef; ausmif;aqmifxJrSm
us,fus,fjyefYjyefY raeMu&ygbl;/ ESpfcef;ywfvnf tus,ft0ef;xJrSm (4) a,muf usyfusyfwnf;wnf; aeMu&
ygw,f/ topfaqmufay;xm;aom ausmif;aqmifawGrmS wa,mufomaeoifah omtcef;ESihf xdt
k cef;udk (2) a,muf
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ausmif;aqmifawG[m rEav;e,fajr tajctaeESihf rudu
k n
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atmifyjl yif;vSygonf/ use;f rma&;ESihf vH;k 0rudu
k n
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awGrSm av0ifomNyD; usef;rma&;eJYnDGwfwJh yHkoPmefrsKd; aqmufvkyfzdkY awmif;qdkcJhygonf/ ,ck aqmufvkyfqJ
ausmif;aqmifawG av0ifaygufrsm;jzifh jyifqifaqmufvkyfaeonfudk awGU&ygonf/
ausmif;teD;tem; ausmif;aqmife,fajrESifh ausmif;aqmif xrif;[if;tpSdaom tpm;taomufrsm;udk
usef;rma&;t&mSdu oefYSif;? roefYSif;udkvnf; rppfaq;cJhyg/ tpm;taomufrsm; roefYSif;onfhtwGuf a&m*g
trsm;tjym; &cJMh uygonf/ ,aeYtxd aq;HMk uD; tla&mifa&m*grsm;? tltwufayguf Adu
k cf u
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av;om Sdygonf/ q&m0ef (1) a,mufwnf;om wywfrSm Ak'[l;aeYwaeYomvQif vma&muf wm0ef,lonfudk
awGU&ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh aq;HkoD;jcm; aqmufvkyfay;&ef? wwfuRrf;onfh q&m0efrsm;tjrJxm;ay;&efESifh aq;0g;
tjynft
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ausmif;oHk;bmom&yfqdkif&m pmtkyfrsm;rSmvnf; wefzdk;BuD;jrifhpGmjzifh 0,f,loifMum;ae&ygonf/ tzdk;EIef;
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pmtkyfrsm;avhvm&ef pmMunfhwdkufrsm;rSmvnf; bmom&yfqdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufrI rSdao;ay/
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rIrsm;twGuf avhvmvdu
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495
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rEav;aq;odyHausmif; &ifqdkifaeMu&aom tcuftcJrsm;udk wifjy&ygvQif ,cktxd trsKd;om;ausmif;
aqmif? trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmif[
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rsm; aexdkif&eftwGufvnf; oD;jcm;ausmif;aqmif rSdao;yg/ xdkolwdkYtwGuf ausmif;aqmifvdktyfaeygao;onf/
xdYk aMumifh ausmif;wdik ;f ausmif;wdik ;f q&mrsm; rvHrk avmuf rjynfrh pHrk w
I Ykd tjyif ausmif;aqmif rvHak vmufrI
rsm;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm* rjynfhrpHkrvHkavmufrIrsm;? zdESdyfrItrsKd;rsKd;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifawGUMuHKae&onfrSm xifSm;vSyg
onf/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vdktyfcsufrsm; &Sda&;? zdESdyfrIOya'rsm; zsufodrf;a&;twGuf &nfG,fcsufwl
ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf nDn
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(2) jynfwGif;ppf &yfpJMu
(3) wuodkvfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD; wnfjrJygap
(4) urmhausmif;om;rsm;or* t"GefhSnfygap
(n) udw
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udp / / txl;wef;aecGifh kyfodrf;jcif;udk uefYuGufjcif;/
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rsm; a0iSonf[l taMumif;jyum rw&m;zrf;qD;cJhygonf/ odkYzrf;qD;NyD; &efukefaxmifBuD;twGif; csKyfaESmif
xm;ygonf/ xdkcsKyfaESmifxm;pOftwGif; udkwifat;rSm txl;wef; aexdkifcGifh&cJhygonf/ odkYaomf 16? 3? 56
rSp Hk;rif;aSU &refcH,l&ef rvma&muf[laom tMumif;jycsufjzifh txl;wef;aecGifh kyfodrf;vdkufonf[k
od&ygonf/
H;k rif;aSU &refc,
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f rd ;f jcif;onf r[kwf
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vufrSwfa&;xdk; taMumif;Mum;&m &refcH,ljcif;udp NyD;ajrmufcJhygonf/ odkYpmjzifha&;om; tMumif;Mum;ygu
NyD;pD;Edkifonfhudp jzpfojzifh ,cktBudrfwGifvnf; udkwifat;u pmjzifha&;om;um taMumif;Mum;cJhygonf/
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496

,ckuJhodkY enf;vrf;rusrcdkifvHkaom taMumif;jycsufjzifh tcGifhta&; kyfodrf;jcif;onf ,cifu wuo
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;tm; &mZ0wfjypfrIusL;vGefolrsm;uJhodkY vufxdyfcwfac:&mwGif rvdkufonfh
tNidK;jzifhom ,ckuJhodkY txl;weff;aexdkifcGifh tcGifhta&;kyfodrf;jcif;om jzpfygonf/ odkYyg &efukefwuodkvf
ausmif;om;rsm;or*u SufzG,fvdvd rw&m;odkYjyKrljcif;udk jyif;xefpGm uefYuGufvdkuf&ygonf/
av;pm;pGmjzifh
(bkef;vIdif)
wuo
odom&ef(1) jynfxJa&;
(2) w&m;Xme
(3) ykvdyfrif;BuD;
(4) 'k-ykvdyfrif;BuD; (&mZ0wfrIqdkif&m)
(5) qdkif&mw&m;olBuD;
(6) owif;pmwdkufrsm;
(#) 1955-56 ckEpS f wuo tpD&ifcpH m

&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* (1955-1956 ckESpf tpD&ifcHpm)
yxrtywf (wuo) aG;aumufyu
JG kd atmufwb
kd mv (10) &ufaeYwiG f usif;y&m wyfO;D ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;
jzpfMuaom udkwifxGef; (ewfarmuf) onf wuo\ Ou|tjzpfjzifhvnf;aumif;;? podef;[ef (u&iftrsKd;om;)
onf wuo 'k-Ou|tjzpfjzifhvnf;aumif;? udkpHabmf (&cdkiftrsKd;om;? B .A, B. L) wuo\b@ma&;rSL;tjzpf
jzifhvnf;aumif; toD;oD;aG;aumuf wifajrmufjcif;cH&\/
'kwd,tywf wuoaG;aumufyGJudk atmufwdkbmv (21) &ufaeYwGifusif;y&m atmufygwyfOD; udk,fpm;
vS,frsm;onf wuotrIaqmifrsm;tjzpf rJtjywftowfESifh aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&onf/
if;trIaqmiftzGJYwGif(1) udkwifat;
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (rEav;)
(2) udkbkef;vdIif
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; (tif;0)
(3) apmtuf'refwifcsKd
EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;rSL; (u&iftrsKd;om;)
(4) udkausmfjrifh
upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIjrifhwifa&;rSL; (Srf;)
(5) udkjrifhOD;
vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;rSL;
(6) udkarmifarmifGefY
ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;rSL;
-ponfjzifh wm0eftoD;oD; cGJa0xrf;aqmifcJhMuayonf/
wuo\ pnf;rsOf;pOfvmt&trIaqmiftzGJYrS(1) udk0if;Zif
(2) udkwifat;
-tjzpf aG;cs,fcefUtyfcJhayonf/
tdk;a0wm0efcH
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
1955-56 ckESpftwGuf tdk;a0r*Zif;aumfrwDudk(1) udk0if;Zif

tdk;a0wm0efcHt,f'Dwm
(2) udkpHabmf
aiGxdef;
(3) udkodef;[ef
tvkyfwm0efcH
497
(4) udkcsdef*Grf
(5) udkausmf0if;jrifh
(6) udkwifSdef
(7) udkwifhvGif
-wdkYudkzGJUpnf;cJhonf/
twGif;a&;rSL;
trIaqmif
trIaqmif
trIaqmif
1955-56 ckESpf yd#duwfwdkuftwGuf

(1) udkwifat;
yd#duwfwdkufrSL;
(2) udkpHabmf
aiGxdef;
(3) apmawvm
aumfrwD0if
(4) udkcifarmif&if
aumfrwD0if
(5) udkvSaz (&cdkif)
aumfrwD0if
(6) udkoef;vGif
aumfrwD0if
(7) udkapmvGif
aumfrwD0if
-wdkY yg0ifaom aumfrwDw&yfudk zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/
(aemif OD;wifhaZmf)
wuodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumifpDudkvnf;(1) udkausmfjrifh
(2) udkodef;GefU
(3) udkxGef;atmif
(4) udkaTaX;
(5) pwdkifavr,f*spf -wdkYudk wm0efay;zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/
&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*\ pm&if;ppftjzpf OD;oef;wl (bDatbDt,fvf) udk cefYxm;cJhonf/
wuodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDwGif ausmif;om;xk\ vdktyfcsufrsm;? qErsm;? awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wifjy
aqG;aEG;onft
h cgwGif vnf;aumif;? wuov
kd w
f iG f adS om jyemt&yf&yfupkd Of;pm;&m vnf;aumif;? pnf;rsO;f tpOf
vmt& ausmif;om;xk\udk,fpm; (wuo) \ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf (1) OD;at;armif (w&m;a&;0efBuD;a[mif;ESifh wuodkvf 'k-t"dywda[mif;)
(2) OD;bNidrf; (tdkifpDtufpf twGif;0ifa[mif;) wdkYtm; aG;cs,fwifajrmufcJhMuayonf/
OD;at;armifonf wuov
kd af q;Hak umfrwDwiG v
f nf; wuo\ ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f jzpf wm0ef,al qmifu
G af e
ayonf/
OD;bNidrf;onf ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDESifh wuodkvf&dyfomaumfrwDwGif wuo\ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
wm0ef,laqmifGufvsuf Sdayao;onf/
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;aqmifaumfrwDwiG f ausmif;om;xku,
kd pf m;vS,t
f jzpf wuorS udak rmifarmifeG Yf
ESifh udkausmfjrifhwdkYtm; wm0efay;aqmifGuf cJhaponf/
&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*\ Ou|opf usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJudk 1955 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (17)
&ufaeYwiG f ,k'oefcef;rusi;f ycJo
h nf/ xdu
k sr;f opmused q
f ykd w
JG iG f igwdYk wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ 0if\0g'udk atmufyg
twdkif; ausmif;om;xkodkY wifjySif;vif;cJhayonf/
1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifh
jzL;a&;/
2/ ausmif;om;nDw
G af &;ESihf w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyemwdik ;f wGif aqmifu
G v
f akd om ausmif;
om;tiftm;pkrsm; ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmifGufa&;/
3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIxdef;odrf;jrifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmaygif;
oif;qufqHa&; ponfhtajccH0g'rsm;udk csrSwf if;0g'\atmuf ,ckESpfwGifvkyfaqmifrnfh t"du
vkyfief;BuD; (8) &yfudkvnf; csrSwfcJhonf/
(1) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;/
498

(2) pmar;yGu
J sqH;k rI ,kwaf vsmhap&ef bmom&yfvu
kd f (Departmentel Moderation) vkyf o
kH mru?
tm;vHk;pkaygif; (Overall Moderation) vkyfa&;/
(3) ausmif;om;or0g,rESifh ausmif;om;pm;aomufqdkif (Canteen) wck azmfxkwfa&;/
(4) or*yd#duwfwdkuf pepfwus wnfaqmufzGifhvSpfa&;/
(5) aumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckefupm;yGJESifh aumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyfa&;/
(6) 1955 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvwGif usif;yrnfh vli,faygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif yg0ifaqmifGufa&;/
(7) wuotaqmuftOD wdk;csJUa&;ESifh pnf;rsOf;jyifqifa&;/
(8) ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;/
&Jabmf ausmif;olôm;taygif;wdkhtxuf0g'ESifh vkyfief;pOft& 1955-56 ckESpftwGuf ausmif;om;xkwm0efay;tyf aG;aumufwifajrmuf
cJhaom wuo trIaqmiftzGJU\ vkyfief;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk tvkyftpnf;ta0;yGJwGif atmufygtwdkif; tpD&ifcH
ygonf/
wuoonf wuov
kd af usmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH awGUMuHKcHpm;ae&aom jyem&yfrsm;? rw&m;Oya'rsm;udk
zsufodrf;&eftwGuf ausmif;om;xkaSU rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfwnfwdkufyGJ0ifvsuf Sdygonf/
13? 1? 56 aeYwiG f usif;ycJah om wuov
kd af umifpD tpnf;ta0;yGJ ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH cHpm;ae&aom
awmif;qdck surf sm; w&mausmu
f kd wifjyawmif;qdck yhJ gonf/ if;awmif;qdck surf sm;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh ausmif;aqmif
ESifhywfoufaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;? pmar;yGJESifhywfoufaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,f
aom awmif;qdkcsufrsm; jzpfygonf/ wuo\ awmif;qdkcsufESifhywfouf aumifpDrS atmufygtwdkif; jyefMum;yg
onf/
(1) ,ckESpfrS p Overall moderation vkyfay;rnf/
(2) Caution Fees rsm;udk y,fzsufay;rnf/
(3) Laboratory rsm;udk ausmif;om; tvdkSdcsdefwGif prf;oyfcGifhjyKEdkif&ef Dean of Science ESifh pDpOf
prf;oyfcGifhjyKrnf/
(4) *kPfxl;wef;ESifh r[m0dZmodyHwef; axmufyHhaMu;udk 100d^- txd wdk;ay;&ef oabmwlonf/
oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfESifh 65% pepfwdkYudk pOf;pm;&efESifh tjcm;oifhawmfaom enf;pepfSdygu aumifpD
odkY wifjy&ef atmufygaumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;ygonf/
1/ ygarmucsKyf (cs,f,mrif)
2/ odyHr[mXmerSL;
3/ 0dZmr[mXmerSL;
4/ ausmif;tkyfBuD; (rEav;)
5/ OD;bNidrf; (wuoudk,fpm;vS,f)
6/ OD;xGef;wif (NrdKUawmf0efa[mif;)
wuodkvfodkY 0ifa&muf&mwGif ,cifvufrSwfa&;xdk;&aom (Any action against University etc.)
tpm; atmufygtcsufrsm;udk tpm;oGif;ay;ygonf/
(1) I will obey all existing future statutes, rules & regulation of the University and decisions
of its constituent authorities.
(2) I will properly conduct myself as a student of the University.
q&mrsm;yg0ifaom aumfrwDw&yf zGJUpnf; pnf;urf;opfjyK&mwGifvnf; ausmif;om;qEudk &,lrnf/

ausmif;om; (40) vQif t&nftcsif;jynfh q&mwa,mufxm;Sda&;? pmoifcef;rsm;? ausmif;aqmifrsm; wdk;csJUaqmuf
vkyfa&;? avmu"gwfynm prf;oyf&efypnf;rsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufpGm xm;Sda&;? enf;jyq&mrsm; wdk;csJUcefUxm;a&;
paom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;wGif wuodkvfaumifpDrS rltm;jzifh vufcHvdkufavsmayonf/
rD;&xm;? rD;oabFm? av,mOfysHponfwdkYwGif w0ufcEIef;jzifh pD;eif;cGifhjyK&efjzpfaom oufomacsmifcsda&;
awmif;qdkcsufwdkYwGif aumifpDrS qdkif&mESifhpDpOfaeygonf[k jyefMum;cJhayonf/
tm;upm;Hjk yifqifa&;paom upm;ckepf m;ESiyhf wfoufaom awmif;qdck sufrsm;? ausmif;om;wdik ;f aq;tcrJh
499
xdk;&efpaom usef;rma&;awmif;qdkcsufwdkYwGifvnf; aumifpDrS pDpOfygrnf[laom jyefMum;csufudk &SdcJhygonf/
ausmif;olrsm;twGuf aq;Ho
k ;D oefY aqmufvyk af y;ygrnf[al om ausmif;olwYkdtwGuf awmif;qdck surf sm;udk
vnf;aumif;? aq;odyHtwGuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? tif*sifeD,mtwGuf taqmuftODrsm; NyD;pD;ygu
jynfph ykH grnf[al om jyefMum;csurf sm;wGif &efuif;? xD;wef;wuov
kd f ausmif;aqmifupd t
&yf&yfwYkdukd vufcyH gonf[l
vnf;aumif;? tcsKdUudk aumifpDESifh rqdkif[l vnf;aumif;;? tcsKdUtcsufrsm;udk rjzpfEdkifyg[l vnf;aumif;;
wuodkvfaumifpDrS jyefMum;cJhayonf/
&Jabmfw-hkd
ausmif;om;xk\ wcJeufaomqEESifh nDGwfaomtiftm;aMumifh ,aeYtmPmydkifwdkYonf cg;cg;oD;oD;
y,fcscJhaom (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk ,cktcg uJhodkY pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDyifvQif cefYtyfMu&ayonf/ odkYaomf
tcsuo
f nf atmifjrifjcif; r[kwaf o;ay/ ausmif;om;xk\ cdik rf mawmifw
h if; nDw
G af om tiftm;jzifh if;pepfq;kd
ysufokOf;onftxd qufvufwGef;vSef NzdKzsuf&ef vdktyfayonf/
igwdYk onf ausmif;om;tcGit
hf a&; umuG,af &;vkyif ef; awmif;qdck sufvyk if ef;tjyif ,ckuo
hJ Ykd ausmif;om;
rsm; tcGifhta&; kyfodrf;cH&onfhtcsdef ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;udk rw&m;ausmif;pnf;rsOf; Oya'rsm;ESifh &pfywf
pmoifcef;twGif;rS armif;xkwfjcif;cHae&onfh tcsdefwGif ausmif;om;nDGwfa&; vufeufudkudkifpGJum awmif;qdk
wdkufyGJ0ifrS atmifjrifEdkifrnf[k wuou ,HkMunfojzifh ausmif;om;nDGwfa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk txl;aqmifGufcJh
ygonf/
Ed0k ifbm (17) &ufaeY urmah usmif;om;aeYwiG f igwdYk wuoonf Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf? &uowdYk EiS hf yl;wGNJ yD;
crf;em;pGm usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ if;aeYrSm urmhausmif;om;rsm;\ tajctae? Armhausmif;om;rsm;\ yputajctae
rsm;tm; qufpyfavhvmwifjyum if;wifjycsufawGxJyif ausmif;om;wdkufyGJ toGifo@mefrsm;udk odjrifenf;,l
Edik cf MhJ uonf/ (35) Budraf jrmuf trsKd;om;aeYvnf; wrsKd;om;vH;k \ta&;rsm;udk wuoonf &mZ0iftpOftvmt&
aSUwef;rS yg0ifaqmifGufum Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh &uowdkYygyl;wGJ acgif;aqmifusif;y EdkifcJhonf/ 'DZifbmv
(20) &uf (0g) ausmif;om;aeYvnf; wuodkvfpmMunfhwdkuf aSUjrufcif;jyifwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh
vufwGJ vkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/ Adkvfatmifausmf aoG;ajruscJhaom twGif;0efrsm;Hk;aygufodkY oGm;a&mufNyD; ,aeYwdkif
ausmif;om;rsm; udv
k ekd yD nma&;pepfatmufwiG f tvl;tvdrt
fh nO;f yef;cHae&onfuw
kd ikd w
f nfNyD;vQif Adv
k af tmifausmv
f kd
vm;aom 'Dru
kd a&pDynma&;pHepftwGuf qufvufNyD;wdu
k yf 0JG ifrnfqo
kd nfukd ausmif;om;aeYwiG f t"d|mefjyKMuonf/
,ckEpS w
f iG f vkyaf qmifrnfh wuo\ t"duvkyif ef;pOf (8) &yfwiG yf g0ifaom Armwjynfv;kH Sd vli,frsm;ESihf
&if;ES;D rdwaf qGjzpfa&; vli,fxpk nf;vH;k nDw
G af &;ESihf vli,fb0tajctae avhvma&;wdYk twGuf 1955 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbm
v (23-24) &ufaeYrsm;wGif usif;yaom vli,faygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif wuoonf tifwdkuftm;wdkuf yg0ifcJhNyD;
,aeYcHpm;ae&aom ausmif;om;jyemrsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;EdkifcJhonf/
xdYk tjyif ,aeYwuov
kd w
f iG f cHpm;ae&onfh jyem&yfrsm;udk awGUqHak qG;aEG;vdak Mumif; wuov
kd t
f "dywd
0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkxH urf;vSrf;cJh&m vufcHojzifh 24? 1? 56 aeY? nydkif;wGif awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhMuaMumif;/ if;aqG;aEG;yGJodkY
wuotrIaqmifrsm; wufa&mufMuum(1) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufay;&ef?
(2) &moufyef ausmif;xkwfxm;olrsm;jyefoGef;&ef?
(3) 0&rf;xkwfxm;aom ausmif;om;ESpfOD;ESifh tzrf;cHae&ol wOD; vTwf&ef?
(4) wuopmMunfhwdkuftwGuf aiGvSL'gef;&ef?
(5) tmS-tmz&duausmif;om;nDvmcHodkY wufa&mufEdkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHul;vufrSwf xkwfay;&efwdkYudk
aqG;aEG;cJh&m wuopmMunfhwdkuftwGuf aiG 2180d^- &Sd tmS-tmz&duausmif;om;nDvmcH wufa&mufa&;
twGuf aqmifu
G af y;rnf/ (3) cguspepf? &moufyefausmif;xkwcf &H olrsm;ESihf 0&rf;xkwcf &H olrsm;twGuf pOf;pm;ygOD;
rnf[l jyefMum;csuf&cJhaMumif;/
if;jyifausmif;aqmifrsm;tkycf sKyfa&;ESiyhf wfouf ausmif;om;rsm;upDpOf&ef tMuHPfay;aqG;aEG;&mwGi-f
(u) vmrnfh azazmf0g&DvrSp ausmif;om;rsm;u pm;a&;aomufa&; ponfwkdYukd pDrHcefYcGJvkyf&ef/ wuorS
{NyDvqef;rS pwifprf;oyf vkyfaqmifygrnf[k wifjycJhonf/ ]tkycf sKyaf &;pHepfudk ausmif;om;rsm;okhd vJaT o;onf
r[kwf}
500

(c) tkyfcsKyfpDrHrIpepf? ykHpHpnf;urf;rsm;ukd tjrefqkH;avhvm&ef wuorS avhvmrnfukd wifjycJhonf/
(*) tu,f ausmif;om;rsm; uk,
d w
f idk af qmifu
G yf gu ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDoYdk vkt
d yfaomtcg xkwaf y;aeusaiG
ukd ausmif;om;rsm;ukd,fwkdif aqmifGufonfhtcgwGif yxrESpfvomxkwfay;NyD; usefvrsm;wGif xkwfray;Edkif
awmhaMumif; wifjyonf/ ]wuorS ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDohdk vkt
d yfonft
U cg xkwaf y;aeusaiGudk qufvuf
xkwfay;&ef wifjyonf}
txufyg 0efBuD;csKyf\ wifjycsuw
f YkdrmS ausmif;aqmifrsm; ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG ahf y;jcif;jzpfonf r[kwaf o;[k
,lqojzifh oufqdkif&mrsm;ESifh ndEIdif;pOf;pm;ygrnf[k jyefvnfwifjycJhaomaMumifh 0efBuD;csKyfu ygarmucsKyfESifh
wdkifyifndEIdif;vkyf&ef ygarmucsKyfodkY wm0efvTJvdkufaMumif;/
1956 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (7) &ufaeYu atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh pyfvsOf; rw&m;ausmif;
xkwcf &H aom aemifawmfausmif;om;rsm; tm;vH;k udk zdwaf c: wuotrIaqmifrsm;ESihf aqG;aEG;NyD; rdrw
d Ykd ausmif;jyef
0ifcGifh&Sdap&ef wuotrIaqmiftcsKdUESifh &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;tcsKdUyg0ifaom ausmif;xkwf
jcif;cH&onfh ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyef0ifa&;aqmifGufrIaumfrwDw&yfudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ if;aumfrwDrSae
Zefe0g&Dv (12) &ufaeYwGif toHwdwfqEjyyGJudk vSnfhvnfjyocJhonf/ &moufyefausmif;xkwfxm;jcif;cH&aom
ausmif;om;rsm; vSnfhvSnfqEjypOf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; 0dkif;0ef;BudKqdkMuonfhtjyif if;wdkYtm; tpm;t
aomufrsm;ESifh {nfhcHauR;arG;cJhonf/ Zefe0g&Dv (13) &uf aumifpDtpnf;ta0;rSm wBudrf toHwdwfqEjyyGJudk
qufvufjyKvkyMf uonf/ if;aeYrmS &moufyefausmif;xkwx
f m;cH&aom aemifawmfausmif;om;rsm;\ cHpm;&csufrsm;
udkMunfh rcsdwifuJjzpfcJh&aom ausmif;om;xkonf &moufyefausmif;xkwfjcif;cH&aom aemifawmfausmif;om;rsm;
ESifhtwl wcJeufa<u;aMumfqEjyonftxd jzpfvmcJhonf/ ausmif;xkwfxm;jcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;
jyef0ifa&;aqmifGufrIaumfrwDonf &moufyefausmif;xkwfcHxm;&aom ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh&a&;
twGuf qufvufwu
kd yf 0JG if awmif;qdv
k suf ydS gonf/ atmufwb
kd mausmif;wvydwaf &;ESihf ywfouf 0&rf;xkwx
f m;
jcif;cH&aom ausmif;om; (2) OD; (udkbaumif;ESifh udkvS0if;) wdkYtm; 0&rf;jyefvnfkyfodrf;&eftwGuf vnf;aumif;?
rw&m; zrf;qD;jcif;cHae&aom &moufyefausmif;om; udkausmfpdk;\ vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf vnf;aumif;? wuorS
aqmifGufqJyifjzpfonf/
1955 ck? Ed0k ifbmv (29) &ufaeYwiG f wuotwGi;f a&;rSL; udw
k ifat;onf tmPmydik f zqyv qdk ,
S v
f pf
wdkY\ rw&m;vkyfMuHzrf;qD;jcif; cHcJh&onf/ uJhodkY wuotwGif;a&;rSL;udk rw&m;vkyfMuH zrf;qD;aomaMumifh
tjrefjyefvTwfa&;twGuf 1955 ck? 'DZifbmv (2) &ufaeYwGif wuorS ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;BuD; ac:
zqyv qdkS,fvpftpdk;&udk IwfcsuefYuGufcJhMuonf/ twGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat; tzrf;cH&NyD;aemuf wGJzuftwGif;
a&;rSL;jzpfaom udkbkef;vIdifudk twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpfwm0ef,lapNyD; wuo\vkyfief;rsm; qufvufaqmifGufcJhMu
onf/ rw&m;vkyMf uHzrf;qD;jcif;cH&aom wuotwGi;f a&;rSL; udw
k ifat;vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf wuorS qufvuf
BudK;pm;Muonf/
wuoonf ausmif;om;rsm;tcsif;csif; wOD;ESifhwOD; &if;ESD;cspfcifrIcdkifrmap&ef EdkifiHwGif;rSmSdonfh
wuodkvfqdkif&m(u) rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*
(c) armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*
(*) rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*
(C) ausmufjzLaumvdyaf usmif;om;aumifpD ygrusef tquftoG,f jyKvkycf o
hJ nft
h jyif urmah usmif;om;
rsm;ESihf &if;ESpD mG aygif;oif;qufqEH ikd &f ef? urmEh ikd if aH usmif;om;rsm;or*EiS hf qufo,
G o
f nf/ urmrSm wckwnf;aom
ausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfjzpfaom (tdkif,ltufpf) ESifh urmhvli,ftzGJUudkvnf; qufoG,fonf/ ,ckESpfwGif EdkifiHjcm;rS
ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfMuaom ygupwefjynf 'umwuodkvfrS ausmif;om;rsm;? tdEd,jynfqdkif&m ausmif;om;or*
tzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL; rpwmqGef'g;? t*Fvefjynf bmrif*efausmif;om;uGefz&ifhrS aumhqufudk,fpm;vS,frsm;?
tdkif,ltufpf 'k-OuX rpwm*sefwm&m? tdkif,ltufpf oufomacsmifcsda&;tBuD;tuJ rpwmt,f'DaomrwfESifh
MopaMw;vD;,m;jynf rJvfbkef;wuodkvfrS udk,fpm;vS,fwOD;wdkY toD;oD; wuoodkY vma&mufMuonf/ if;wdkY
a&mufSdcsdefwGif wuoonf ausmif;om;ta&;jyemrsm;udk &ifESD;pGm aqG;aEG;EdkifcJhMuonf/ urmYausmif;om;
{nfhonfawmfrsm;udk aumif;rGefpGm{nfhcHjyKpk ArmjynfwGif;ae&mtcsKdUudk vdkufvHjyoay;onf/ rpwmt,f'Daom
rwfpf udk,fwdkifzdwfMum;csuft&vnf;aumif;? urmUausmif;om;or* zdwfMum;csuft&vnf;aumif;? 1956 ckESpf
501
arvwGif tif'dkeD;Sm;jynf? befa'gif;NrdKUwGif usif;yrnf jzpfaom tmz&du-tmSausmif;om;rsm; nDvmcHudk wuf
a&muf&ef vufcHNyD;aemuf &efukefwuodkvf? rEav;wuodkvf? armfvNrdKifaumvdyf? rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;
or*rsm;? AuotzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkUESifh yl;wGJ trsKd;om;jyifqifa&;w&yfudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ if;aumfrwD\em,u
tjzpfuv
kd nf; Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf wuov
kd t
f "dywd OD;Ektm; wifajrmuftwnfjyKcJo
h nf/ if;aumfrwDwiG f igwdYk \
wuorS ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmyl;aygif;aqmifGufEdkifa&;0g'twdkif; 'Dtufpftdkausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;
jzpfaom AuoXmecsKyftm;vnf; zdwaf c:cJah yonf/ odYk aomf 0rf;enf;zG,&f maumif;onfrmS if;wdYk rwufa&mufcahJ y/
,aeYigwdYk onf Nidr;f csr;f pGm ynmoifMum;vdo
k nf/ xdYk aMumifyh if tcGit
hf a&;qH;k H;I rI? rauseyfrI vdiI ;f wHy;kd x
aeonfh ynmoifMum;a&; tajctaeMum;wGif wuoonf oufqikd &f mtmPmydik rf sm;ESihf Nidr;f csr;f pGmawGUqHak jzSi;f &ef
qESdonfhtwdkif; aqmifGufcJhayonf/ odkYaomf igwdkYrSm usqHk;aeao;aom tcGifhta&;rsm; jyefvnfr&Sdao;ay/
xdkaMumifh igwdkYonf ausmif;om;xk\ nDGwfa&;vufeufudkpGJudkifum qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&rnfyif jzpfayonf/
,ckESpf wuodkvf&mZ0ifwGif armfuGef;wifusef&pfrnfh vkyfief;&yfrSm 20? 1? 56 &ufrS 21? 1? 56 &uf
xd usif;yNyD;pDcJhonfh aumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckefupm;yGJESifh 23? 1? 56 &ufrS 25? 1? 56 &ufxd usifyNyD;pDcJhaom
'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;yif jzpfayonf/ aumvdyfaygif;pkH ajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;wGif
ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESDa&;? rdwfaqGjzpfa&;ESifh usef;rma&; tqifhtwef;jrifhwifa&;qdkonfh &nfG,f
csufjzifh wuo&mZ0ifrSm yxrtBudrf pwifusif;ycJhonf/ if;ajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;udk Armjynft&yf&yf Sdaom
wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;;rS upm;ckefpm; ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; tm;wufoa&m wufa&muf ,SOfNydKifupm;Mu
onf/ oGm;vmrItcuftcJaMumifh ausmufjzLaumvdyrf S rwufa&mufEikd af cs/ txufyg aumvdyaf ygif;pHk ajy;ckeu
f pm;
yGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf q&mESifhausmif;om; &ifESD;pGm vufwGJaqmifGufEdkifcJhojzifh txl;yif 0rf;ajrmufayonf/
wuoonf ajy;ckeu
f pm;yGBJ uD; ydrk akd tmifjrifrI adS p&eftwGuf A[djk yefMum;a&;aumfrwDBuD;w&yfukd zGUJ pnf;
um1/ owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;? 0g'jzefYcsda&;qyfaumfrwD
2/ {nfhcHBudKqdka&;qyfaumfrwD
3/ tcrf;tem;ESifhae&mcsxm;a&;aumfrwD
4/ pnf;Hk;a&;aumfrwD
5/ b@ma&;aumfrwDponfjf zifh aumfrwDrsm;udk zGUJ pnf;um tm;BudK;rmefwuf aqmifu
G Mf uonf/ tm;ay;
ulncD MhJ uaom toif;tzGUJ rsm;? vly*k Kd vfrsm;? wuov
kd q
f &mrsm;udv
k nf; aus;Zl;wifydS gaMumif; rSww
f rf;wifygonf/
aumvdyaf ygif;pHak wGUqHak qG;aEG;yGJ usi;f y&jcif;\&nf,
G cf surf mS wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyt
f oD;oD;rS wlnaD om
cHpm;csufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; rnfuJhodkYtajzSm aqmifGufrnfhtcsufyif jzpfayonf/
txufyg 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif ausmif;om;xkvdktyfcsufrsm;?
ausmif;om;xktcGit
hf a&;rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;NyD; aqG;aEG;ygonf/ aqG;aEG;yGjJ zpfajrmufa&;twGuf wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyf
toD;oD;rS ausmif;om;or*rsm; OD;pD;aqmifGufygonf/ aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk oufqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifaom1/ obmywdrsm;tzGJU
2/ twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;tzGJU zGJUpnf;NyD; ausmif;om;a&;&mjyem&yfrsm;udk ndEIdif;aqG;aEG;Muonf/
if;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rS wuodkvfESifhaumvdyftoDoD;rS wlnDaomcHpm;csuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk qufvuftaumift
xnfazmfEikd &f ef obmywdtzGUJ ESihf twGi;f a&;rSL;rsm;tzGUJ udk wm0efay;cJo
h nf/ wuoonf aqG;aEG;yGrJ S wifjyaqG;aEG;
cJhaom ,aeY wuodkvfynma&; tajctae? jynfwGif;ppf &yfpJ&efyefMum;vTmESifh wuodkvfESifhaumvdyftoD;oD;rS
wlnDaomcHpm;csuf? awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk rdbjynfolrsm;odkY xda&mufpGmwifjyEdkif&ef yHkESdyfxkwfa0jcif;ESifh &efukefNrdKU
tESHYtjym;wGif &yfuGufSif;vif;yGJrsm; jyKvkyfusif;yMuygonf/
ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH \epfemcsujf zpfaom (3) cguspepfq;kd udw
k u
kd zf su&f mwGif ausmif;om;xk\ axmuf
cHtm;ay;rIudk,l qEjyyGJrsm;? pnf;a0;yGJrsm;ESifh qEvufrSwfrsm; jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/
wuo\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;ta&;jyem t&yf&yfudk wdkif;jynfodkY wifjy&eftwGuf
wdkif;jynfrsufESmzHk;jzpfaom owif;q&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;udk rMumcPac:,l Sif;vif; wifjycJhygonf/
igwdYk wuoonf ausmif;om;a&;owfowfuo
kd m awmif;qdck o
hJ nfr[kw?f q&mrsm;twGuq
f v
kd Qif q&mOD;
a&enf;jcif;udk wd;k jrichf efYxm;&efEiS hf q&mrsm;twGuf vHak vmufaom vpmaiGw;kd jriahf y;&efyg awmif;qdx
k m;ayonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;\ema&;udpj zpfaom tokbrsm;wGiv
f nf; wuorSwwfEikd o
f rQ ulnaD qmifu
G cf ahJ yonf/
502

1953 ckESpf ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkwGif wuotaqmuftODtm; qdkS,fvpfvufyg;ap opmazmuf
'Dtufpftdkrsm;ESifh (22) ,ltrfyDwdkY odrf;ydkufxm;pOf wuopmMunfhwdkufonf zsufqD;acsrIef;cHcJh&onfhtavsmuf
xlaxmif&efvkyfief;w&yftjzpf wuoonf pGrf;aqmifcJh&m wuodkvft"dywd OD;Ek\ tvSL'gejzifh aiG 2180d^&SdcJhNyD;? pmtkyftMurf;rsm;udk 0,f,lodrf;qnf;xm;ygonf/ aEG&moDtwGif; pmMunfhwdkufudk rGrf;rHjyifqifxm;rnf
jzpfayaMumif;? wuo\ &J&ifhaoma<u;aMumfoHjzpfaom (tdk;a0) udk aEGausmif;ydwf&uftwGif;om vkyfaqmif&ef
tajctaejzpfay:vmojzifh 0rf;enf;aMumif;ESifh cGifhvTwf&efawmif;yeftyfygaMumif;/
&Jabmfausmif;olausmif;om;taygif;wdkh(4) vwmrQ vkyfaqmifcJhMu&aom igwdkY wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ vkyfief;rsm;udk jyefvnfqef;ppfMunfh
vQif wuorScsrSwfxm;aom 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfudk rlwnf atmifjrifjynfhpHkatmif aqmifGufEdkifonfvnf;SdcJhay
onf/ ratmifjrifao;bJ usefSdaeonfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf; Sdayao;onf/ wm0efausyGefonfrsm;vnf; Sdonf/
csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;vnf; tenf;ESifhtrsm; Sdayonf/
awmif;qdck surf sm;ESihf ywfowf &Sx
d m;aomtcsut
f vufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&ef tmPmydik rf sm;ESihf
wuorS tpGr;f ukev
f yk af qmifO;D rnf jzpfaMumif;/ ausmif;olôm;xk\ igwdYk tay:xm;Sad om opmESihf wuotay:
cspjf rwfE;kd rI? tm;ay;rI? vkyif ef;aqmifwmt&yf&yfwiG f wuf<upGm yg0ifaqmifu
G rf w
I Ykdukd vIu
d v
f u
dI v
f v
JS JS 0rf;yrf;wom
rSwfwrf;wifaMumif; tpD&ifcHtyfygonf/
ed*Hk;csKyftm;jzifh tpD&ifcHvdkonfrSm igwdkY wuo\ vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;onf vGefcJhaom wuoaG;
aumufyGJ aESmifhaES;rIaMumifh wdk;awmif;vSaom oufwrf;umvwGif vkyfaqmif&ojzifh rnfodkYrQ tm;&auseyfjcif;
rSdEdkifay/ ausmif;om;xk\tusKd;? ausmif;om;xk\ta&;wGif 1956-57 ckESpf wuoaG;aumufyGJ rusif;yrD
tcsde0f ,f raMumufrGUH aemufrwGeYf bJ Gyf yG cf RHcRH qufvufaqmifu
G f wm0ef,al cgif;aqmif&ef uwday;cJyh gonf/
igwdkYtwGuf tjrJwap Ncdrf;ajcmufaeaom (3) cguspepfqdk;udk tjrefqHk; vufpodrf;Edkif&eftwGuf rarhravQmhaom
nDGwfrI? opmSdrI? ZGJ ?owdwdkYjzifh tqifoifhjyifqifxm;&ef aemufqHk;zdwfac:jcif;jzifh tpD&ifcHpmudk wifjyvdkuf
ygonf/
podef;[ef
('k-OuX)
503
OD;wifxeG ;f (ewfarmuf)
(1955-56)
awmifwiG ;f BuD;cdik f ewfarmufNrKdUe,f? aTyef;awmGm arG;zGm;onf/ 1948-49 ckEpS w

f iG f &efuek w
f uov
kd o
f Ykd
a&mufSdum ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1954-55 ckESpfwGif wuotrIaqmiftjzpf aG;aumufwifjrmufjcif;cH&
twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onf/ 1955-56 ckEpS w
f iG f wuoOu| jzpfonf/
1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&; ta&;awmfyHkESifhywfouf &moufyef ausmif;xkwfcH&aom
ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyef0ifciG &hf Scd o
hJ nf/ aSmifwrd ;f ae&aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif (2) OD;tm; vGwv
f yfpmG
aexdik cf iG &hf apcJo
h nf/
wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pHk ajy;ckeu
f pm;yGBJ uD;udk yxrqH;k tBudrf &efuek w
f uov
kd f usif;yonf/ tmS tmz&du ausmif;om;nDvmcHudk tif'dkeD;Sm;jynf befa'gif;NrKdU usif;y&m jrefrmEdkifiHrS udk,fpm;vS,f (4) OD;
wufa&mufonf/
OD;wifxGef;onf yrnwtzGJUodkY 0ifa&muf yrnwXmecsKyf pnf;Hk;a&;Xme twGif;a&;rSL;? jynfolYvli,f
tzGJUcsKyf (ArmEdkifiH) 'k-Ou|tjzpf aqmifGufvsufSdonf/ Armjynftvkyform;ygwD\ t&HA[dkaumfrwD
wOD;vnf; jzpfonf/
504
1955 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&v

D (7) &ufrS (9) &ufaehtxd usi;f ycJaU om &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;or*\
(25) ESpaf jrmuf aT&wkobif ydpk wm
Source: KAT's Original Cppy
atmufwb
kd mausmif;wvydwaf &;
twGuf
0&rf;xkwcf &H aom udv
k 0S if;
atmufwb
kd mausmif;wvydwaf &;
twGuf
0&rf;xkwcf &H aom udb
k aumif;
505
tcef; (19)
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif
(1956 rS 1957)
(u) wwd,tBurd af jrmuf wuov

kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygi;f pHak qG;aEG;yGJ
wwd,tBudrf wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk rEav;wuodkvf? abm*aA'cef;raqmifwGif
1957 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&D (19) &ufaeYrS (21) &ufaeYtxdusi;f ycJo
h nf/ &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* (wuo)?
rEav;wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* (rwuo)? armfvNrKdiOf ypmaumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;or* (rwuo)? &efuek f
aq;odyHor*? rEav;aq;odyHor*? pdkufysKd;a&;r[mXmeor*? xD;wef;aumvdyf? &efuif;aumvdyfwdkYrS udk,fpm;
vS,rf sm;? &efuek w
f uov
kd f ausmif;om;nDw
G af &;wyfO;D ? &JacgiftzGUJ ? rEav;wuov
kd f 'Dtufpt
f pkd onhf toif;t
zGJUaygif; (43) zGJUrS udk,fpm;vS,f (82) OD;ESifh avhvmolaygif; (48) OD; wufa&mufonf/ ,if;aqG;aEG;yGJrS ausmif;
om;jyem tMurf;rzufbJ at;csrf;pGmawGUqHak jzSi;f Edik &f ef Edik if aH wmftpd;k &odYk yefMum;vTmwapmifEiS hf 'kw,
d tBudrf
ajrmuf wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJrS xkwfjyefaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;yefMum;vTmudk xrfrHtwnfjyKonf/
(c) 1956-57 &efuek w

f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*trIaqmiftzGUJ
1/ podef;[ef
2/ udkausmfjrifh
3/ rjrjr
4/ udkpdk;odef;
5/ udktuf'DxGef;
6/ udkpGefwdwf
7/ udkcspfodef;OD;
8/ udkvSaz
506
Ou|
'k-Ou|
aiGxdef;
wGJbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;rSL;
upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIXmerSL;
(aemif pma&;q&mpDwDtdk)
(aemif OD;wifhaZmf)
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

9/ apmodk;rm;
10/ udkatmifoef;
11/ udk0if;wif
vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL;
tdk;a0wm0efcH
yd#uwfwdkufrSL;
(*) rNy;D jywfao;aom oH;k cgusausmif;xkwpf epfwu

kd yf JG
(3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epf zsuford ;f ay;&ef wuotrIaqmifwYkd u tbufbufu enf;rsKd;pHjk zifh awmif;qdk
wdu
k yf 0JG ifco
hJ nf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epf zsuo
f rd ;f a&;udk tzGUJ tpnf;toD;oD;uvnf; awmif;qdck o
hJ nf/ wuorS
OD;aqmif ausmif;om;nDw
G af &;wyfO;D ESihf ausmif;om;&JacgiftzGYJ tpnf;rsm; pnf;vH;k pGm tpmiwfcq
H EjycJMh uonf/
odYk &mwGif wuov
kd t
f mPmydik w
f Ykd u tavQmhray;bJ (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epfukd qufvufusifo
h ;kH cJo
h nf/ wuo
enf;AsL[monf if;udpE iS hf ywfouf tmPmydik rf sm;ESihf rsufEmS pHn
k pD mG awGUqH
k Nidr;f csrf;pGmaqG;aEG;ajzSi;f a&;yifjzpf
onf/ if;udpu
kd wuov
kd ef ,fajrtwGi;f omru ygvDrefvw
T af wmftpnf;ta0;yGBJ uD;rsm;wGif 0efBuD;rsm;ESihf twdu
k f
tcHrsm; tajctwifajymqd
k rJcq
JG ;kH jzwf&onftxd jzpfvmonf/ 1955 ck? pufwifbmv (22) &ufaeY ygvDrefvw
T f
awmf tpnf;ta0;wGif ynma&;0efBuD;OD;xGe;f wifu ynma&;toH;k p&dwf awmif;qd&k m twdu
k t
f cHtrwf OD;wifaTu
]ausmif;om;avmuwGif wapBuD;waumifonf ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ajcmufvSefhaeygonf} [k ed'gef;ysKd;NyD; (3) cg
usausmif;xkwpf epfukd uefYuu
G af qG;aEG;&m twdu
k t
f cHtrwfrsm;jzpfaom Adv
k pf ed x
f eG ;f ? OD;vSxeG ;f jzLESihf Adv
k af tmifp;kd
wdkYu OD;wifaTudk axmufcHaqG;aEG;Muonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u (3) cguspepfjzifh ausmif;om;OD;a& enf;atmif
ynma&;toHk;p&dwf avQmhcsjcif;jzifh vkyfaejcif;udk &yfqdkif;NyD; (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fNyD;? jynfwGif;ppfudk
aphpyfaqG;aEG;yGJjzifh &yfpJNyD; umuG,fa&;toHk;p&dwf avQmhayghum pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&; tusyftwnf; vGwfajrmufrI
SmazG&ef jzpfonf/ wuo\ (3) cgus pepfESifh jynfwGif;ppf qufEG,f oabmxm;yHkrSm zqyvtpdk;&tay:
twdkuftcHaygif;pHk\ IjrifyHkESifh wxyfwnf; jzpfonf/
odkYaomfvnf; 1953 ckESpf? pufbmv (23) &ufaeY qD;edwftpnf;ta0;yGJBuD;wGif (3) cgusausmif;xkwf
pepfusifhoHk;&ef xyfrHwifoGif; qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ 1951 ckESpf? pufwifbmv (19) &ufaeY qD;edwfu qHk;jzwfcJhaom
qHk;jzwfcsuf jzpfonf/ ,if; 1951 ckESpfu 'k-t"dywd OD;at;armifOD;pD;NyD; aumifpDrS twnfjyKjyXmef;ay;cJhonf/
,if;qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk 1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv (10) &ufaeYu usif;yaom aumifpDtpnf;ta0;rS twnfjyK
ay;cJhojzifh 1954 ckESpf? ZGefv (15) &ufaeYwGifwBudrf? Edk0ifbmv (11) &ufaeYwGifwBudrf? (2) Budrfwdkifwdkif (3)
cgusausmif;xkwpf epfukd twnfjyKcJah Mumif; &efuek w
f uov
kd f ygarmucsKyf a'gufwmxifatmifu vufrw
S af &;xd;k
xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/
wuov
kd Ef iS aUf umvdyaf usmif;aygi;f pHk aqG;aEG;yJcG ef;raqmifaSw
Y iG f ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; pk;kH aepOf (rEav;)
507
(C)
ausmif;om;or*rsm;zsuo
f rd ;f &efEiS hf ywfoufaom ynma&;0efBu;D Xme\trdejhf yefwrf;
1/
EdkifiHawmf\ausmif;trsKd;rsKd;wGif uGefjrLepfaomif;usef;olrsm;ESifh qufoG,folrsm;\ ya,m*aMumifh
rMumrDu ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udk tBuD;tus,f csKd;azmufzsufqD;rIrsm; ay:aygufcJhayonf/
2/
,if;uJhodkY ausmif;pnf;urf; zsufqD;csKd;azguf&m q&m^rrsm;tm; Ncdrf;ajcmufrI? &mZ0wftjypf'Pf
xdu
k o
f ifo
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jyif t"renf;jzifh tEdkiftxuf Ncdrf;ajcmufapcdkif;rI/ ausmif;rsm;wGif pmoifysufuGufatmif enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh
taESmifht,Sufay;rI tpSdaom tvGefrESpfNrKdUzG,fjzpfonfh tMurf;zufrIrsm;ukd ausmif;om;oli,ftcsKdUu jyKrl
aqmifGufcJhonf/
3/
txufyg w&m;rJrh rI sm;ukd rnfonfeh nf;ESirhf qkd wm;qD;ydwyf if&ef Ekid if aH wmftpk;d &u qk;H jzwfNyD;jzpfojzifh
EkdifiHawmfausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;q&mBuD;rsm;u OD;pD;zGJUpnf;xm;aom ausmif;aumifpDrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;tzGJU
rsm;rSty pifNydKiftzGUJ tpnf;rsKd; oabmoufa&mufonf?h okYd wnf;r[kwf ausmif;pnf;urf;ukd xdcu
dk cf sKd;azmufap
Ekid o
f nf[k ,lqEkid o
f nh?f okYdwnf;r[kwf ausmif;om;vli,frsm; tcsi;f csi;f y#dyujzpfapEkid o
f nf[k ,lqEkid o
f nfh
rnfonfU ausmif;om;or* toif;tzGrYJ sK;d ukrd Q Ekid if aH wmfausmif;rsm;wGif zGpYJ nf;cGirUf jyK&/ tb,folrqkd trdefYxkwf
jyefonfhtcsdef ausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;q&mBuD;OD;pD; zGJUpnf;aomausmif;aumifpDrSwyg; ausmif;om;or*
toif;tzGJU tpSdonfhtzGJUrsKd;rsm;ukd EkdifiHawmfausmif;rsm;wGif zGJUpnf;NyD;SdaecJhvQif ,cktrdefY&onfh aeYrSp
&ufaygif; (30) twGif; ausmif;om;or*? toif;tzGJU tpSdonfrsm;ukd ausmif;q&mBuD;u trdefYxkwfqifh
zsufodrf;ap&rnf/
4/
trdefYESihftnD EkdifiHawmfausmif;q&mBuD;rsm;u aqmifGufonfukd aESmifh,Suf? okdYwnf;r[kwf zsufqD;?
okYd wnf;r[kwf remcH? okYd wnf;r[kwf ausmif;pnf;urf;ukd zsufq;D aeol ausmif;om;rsm;ukd q&mBuD;u tjypfudk
vku
d
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k yf ,fonftxd ta&;,l tjypfay;Ekid o
f nf/ uJo
h Ydk ta&;,ljcif;rsK;d ukd tu,f
ckcHawmfvSefaomtm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;uaomfvnf;aumif;? tjcm;olrsm;uaomfvnf;aumif; wpkHw&m jyKrl
cJhvQif xkdtjyKtrlaMumifh ausmif;ukdqufvufzGifhvSpf Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;&ef roifh[k ausmif;q&mBuD;
u ,lqcJah omf ausmif;uk&d uftuefYtowfjzifh jzpfap? &uftuefYtowfrSb
d J jzpfap ydwx
f m;Ekid o
f nf/ ynma&;
Xmet&mSrd sm;onf xku
d pd u
dk atmifjrifpmG aqmifu
G Ef idk af &;twGuf ausmif;q&mBuD;rsm;tm; vkt
d yfonfh tultnD
rsm; ay;Mu&rnf/
5/
txufygtrdeYft& ta&;,laqmifu
G rf rI sm;ukd rnforl qkd qlyal omif;use;f onfh enf;jzif?h okYdwnf;r[kwf
t"renf;jzifh aESmuf,
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okdY taMumif;Mum; tultnDukd&,lvsuf tajctaeukd Ekdifeif;pGmxdef;odrf;&rnf/
(i) 1956 atmufwb

dk mv (16) &ufaeY n (8) em&D ArmhtoHrS 'k-0efBu;D csKyo
f cifwif\
ausmif;om;ta&;ESiyhf wfoufaomrdechf eG ;f
ausmif;om;oli,frsm;&JU ta&;eJYywfoufNyD; jynfov
l x
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k m; tpk;d &uk,
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1948 vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;onfaemuf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH&JU *kPfodumeJY tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;rItwGuf
tpdk;&[m jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;tm; b0opfzefwD;a&;twGuf vkyfief;trsKd;rsKd;udk aqmifGufcJhygw,f/ if;vkyfief;
rsm;teuf jynfaxmifpk&JU tGefYtzl;rsm;jzpfwJh ausmif;om;oli,frsm;udk vlawmfvlaumif;rsm; jzpfvma&;twGuf
tpdk;&u txl;ta&;ay;NyD; aqmifGufaewmvdkY uRefawmfxGifNyD; tpD&ifcH&ef vdkr,frxifygbl;/
tpd;k &u ausmif;om;oli,frsm;udk aemifwacwfrmS jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if &H UJ wm0efukd xrf;aqmifEikd Mf urJh
om;aumif;&wem jzpfay:vma&;twGuf b0opfzefwD;rIynma&;pDrHudef;udk a&;qGJNyD; 1952 ckrS pwif aqmifGuf
aewmudkvnf; jynfolvlxku rsufjrifudk,fawGU jzpfygw,f/
b0opfzefwD;rIynma&;pDrHudef;t& tpdk;&u kyfvHk;azmfaewJUvkyfief;rsm;uawmU1/ jynfaxmifpkom;rSeforQ ta&;? tzwf? twGuf em;vnfolrsm; jzpfvmap&ef?
2/ pufrv
I ufrv
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k m;rsm; tvHt
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508

vmap&ef?
3/ jynfaxmifpk&JU wm0eftoD;oD;udk uRrf;usifvHkavmufpGm xrf;aqmifEdkifr,fh t&nftcsif;jynfh0olrsm;
jzpfvmap&ef?
4/ jynfaxmifpktwGif; Avig;wefeJY jynfpHkr,fh jynfaxmifpkom;rsm; aygrsm;vmap&ef?
5/ jynfaxmifpktwGif; 'Drdkua&pD0g' wnfwHhcdkifjrJ&efwdkY jzpfygw,f/
aemufwcsufuawmh jynfaxmifpkom;rSeforQ ynmoifMum;a&;rSm tcGifhta&;wef;wlSdap&ef twGuf
rlvwef;rSwuodkvftxd tcrJhynmoifMum;ay;wJhpepfudk tpdk;&u wDxGifcJhygw,f/ vGwfvyfa&; &SdNyD;csdefrSpNyD;
,cktcsdefxd (8) ESpfcefYtwGif; rlvwef;ausmif;aygif; (10226)? tv,fwef;ausmif;aygif; (415)? txufwef;
ausmif;aygif; (220)? q&mtwwfoifausmif; (6) ausmif;? pufrIvufrIodyHausmif; (3) ausmif;? pdkufysKd;a&;odyH
ausmif; (1) ausmif;? pdkufysKd;a&; txufwef;ausmif; (1) ausmif;? wuodkvfausmif; (1) ausmif;? tjcm;aumvdyf
ausmif; (8) ausmif;wdYk ukd zGiv
hf pS f oifMum;ydYk cs aeygw,f/ ,ckuRefawmf tusOf;rQtpD&ifccH w
hJ hJ aqmifu
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rsm;rSm touftG,t
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jzpfvmapa&;twGuf txufwef;ausmif;rsm;ESifh tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;rSm q&meJYwynfh yl;aygif;aqmifGufwJh
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qnf;yl;vdkMuwJh ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkY&JUom;i,forD;i,frsm;udk ynmwwfapvdkwJh rdb
tkyfxdef;olrsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? w&m;Oya'twGif;rSm vGwfvyfpGm ynmoifMum;cGifhSdwJh jynfolvlxktm; vnf;
aumif;? tpdk;&u tpGrf;ukefumuG,frIay;&ef oHEd|mefcsxm;NyD; jzpfygw,f/
'gaMumifh Edik if aH wmfausmif;rSm pnf;urf;ao0yfpmG eJY at;csr;f pGm ynmoifMum;jcif;udk aESmif,
h u
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taESmifht,SufjzpfaprJh tjyKtrI[lorQudk xda&mufpGmta&;,lNyD; tjypfay;ap&ef? ausmif;q&mBuD;rsm;eJY ynma&;
Xme t&mSrd sm;&JU ta&;,laqmifu
G rf rI sm;udk tMurf;zufenf;eJY? odYk wnf;r[kwf t"renf;eJY aESmuf,u
S zf sufq;D cJ&h if
tkyfcsKyfa&;t&mSdrsm;eJY &Jt&mSdrsm;&JU tultnDudk&,lNyD; aqmifGufap&efudkvnf; tpdk;&u GefMum;csufrsm;ay;NyD;
tpDpOfrsm; jyKvkyfaeaMumif;udkvnf; jynfolvlxktm; uRefawmfxyfavmif;NyD; tpD&ifcHvdkygw,f/
,ckupd u
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toHk;jyKwJh tajctaetxd qdk;0g;vmjcif;rsKd;udk vHk;0vdkvm;jcif;rSdayr,fh tajctaeudk Edkifeif;pGmxdef;odrf;Edkifa&;
twGuf vdt
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ausmif;om;oli,frsm;&JU avmuudk pwifx;kd azmuf0ifa&mufvmNyD; qlyrl eI YJw&m;rJrh rI sm;udk zef;wD;aeMuwJh aomif;use;f
ol uGefjrLepfrsm;eJY if;wdkY&JUya,m*aMumifh at;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;jcif;udk t"renf;eJY aESmifh,SufzsufqD;aeMuwJh
ausmif;om;ta&jcHK vlqdk;rsm;udk tpdk;&wm0eft& ta&;,l&r,fqdkwmudk jynfolvlxkBuD;w&yfvHk;u odSdem;vnf
509
xm;&ef jzpfygw,f/
'gaMumifh aomif;usefou
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qd;k oGr;f wJh tMuHtpnfuakd csrIe;f zsufq;D NyD; jynfaxmifp&k UJ om;aumif;orD;aumif;rsm;jzpfMuwJh ausmif;om;oli,frsm;
at;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;Edkifa&;twGuf tpdk;&tm; ausmif;om;? rdb? tkyfxdef;olrsm;u vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmf\
pwkwr @dKifBuD;jzpfaom owif;pmq&mrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpBk uD;udk opmSMd uukeaf om jynfaxmifpo
k m;
rsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? tbufbufrS yl;aygif;aqmifGufMu&ef arwm&yfcH yefMum;vdkufygw,f/
(c)
ausmif;om;rsm;0efc*H wdvmT yHpk H
atmuf vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;ol uRefawmf - - - - - - - - - - - - - onf twdtvif;uwday;0efcHonfrSm1/

uRefawmfonf wuodkvf\ enf;Oya'ESifh pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk dkaoygr,f/ if;tjyif wuodkvfausmif;
aqmif aecJhvQif wuodkvfausmif;aqmif\ enf;Oya'ESifh pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk vdkufemygrnf/
2/
uRefawmfonf wuodkvfESifh zDvmqefYusifaom rnfonfhvkyfief;&yfrsKd;wGifrS yg0ifjcif;rjyKyg/
3/
uRefawmfonf txufyguwd0efcHcsuf w&yf&yfwdkYudkazmufzsufusL;vGefvQif wuodkvfrSxkwfy,fjcif;
cH&rnfudk odygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;\xdk;jrJvufrSwf --------2/ ausmif;om;\trnf
-----------------------------3/ udk,fydkifeHygwfESifh oifwef; ----^----4/ ausmif;aqmiftrnfESifh tcef;trSwf ----------------------5/ rdb (odkYr[kwf) tkyfxdef;ol\trnf -----------------------xyfqifUvufrSwfa&;xdk;&ef
1/ rdb (odkYr[kwf) tkyfxdef;olxdk;jrJvufrSwf --------2/ rdb (odkYr[kwf) tkyfxdef;ol\ trnf ----------------------3/ vdyfpm ------------------------------------------4/ &ufpGJ ---------
(q) Adv
k cf sKyaf tmifqef;\ ausmif;om;b0a&;cJah omaqmif;yg;
ausmif;om;0w&m;
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vltrsKd;rsKd;? tG,ftrsKd;rsKd;? twef;tpm;trsKd;rsKd;wdkYonf udk,fhtcPf;udkudk,fudkif ZmwfEdkifatmif cif;oGm;&avonf/
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om;wdkYrSmvnf; txl;ojzifh touf (16) ESpf (17) ESpfrSp txufodkYSdaom ausmif;om;rsm;rSmvnf;? tqdkyg0w&m;
Oya'rS ruif;vGwfMuacs/ ,if;odkYjzpfvQif-ausmif;om;\0w&m;onf tb,fenf;/
tjrifus,fus,f? MunfhavhSdaomolwdkYonf ausmif;om;qdkonfrSm wef;pmusuf pmar;yGJatmifHkrQ[laom trsm;
t,ltq\wdrfjcif;tjzpfudk odSdMuavNyD/ xdkt,ltqum; acwfatmufusonfh t,lrQom jzpfayonf/
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ppfyGJwGifvnf; atmifjrifEdkifonfh t&nftcsif;Sdonf[k rkcsqwfqwf rqdkomacs/ odkYvQif pmar;yGJtaMumif;oepfudk
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ausmf-jyZmwfa&;q&m bm;emwfaSmuvnf; w&Ha&mtcgu twef;xJwGif xdyfusaom ausmif;om;onf avmuwGif
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wGif urmausmfpma&;q&m\ ta&;tom;udk if;a&;om;ojzifh ,HkMunf&rnf[k rqdkvdk? odkY&mwGif if;um;
rSwfcsuf- jr[ef - AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\pmayvuf&m - pm- 83-88 (y^98) ESifh wdkufqdkifppfaq; rl&if;pm;omtwdkif; azmfjyonf/
510

taMumif;rJh ra&;om;&m/ ,if;odkYjzpf&jcif;um; uREfkyfwdkYonf urmh&mZ0ifwGif om"utaxmuftxm;rsm;udk Munfhrnf
qdkvQif urmhxdyfwef; usa&mufaom yk*dKvfwdkYonf pmar;yGJrsm;wGif xdyfwef;usolcsnf; r[kwfay/ Oyrm tenf;i,f
xkwfjy&aomf ,ckacwf urmYxdyfwef;orm;rsm;wGif? [pfwvmESifh rwfqdkvdkeDwdkYonf ausmif;rSyif aumif;pGmraecJhMu
&ay/ r[wr*EDonfvnf; aumvdyfausmif;wGif a&mufzl;kHkrQomSd? ausmif;om;tjzpf aepOftcgu xl;xl;cRefcRef
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aywnf;/ odkYjzpf&jcif;\ taMumif;udkppfvQif? vlwOD;wa,muf\ wefzdk;udk rnfrQSdonf[k csdefq&ef wxpfcsowf
rSwfxm;aomenf; rSdaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/
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taMumif;udk tvGefqdkjcif; jzpfayonf/ ,ckurmay:rSmSdonfh pmtkyftm;vHk;onf t&if;ppfvQif avmu\taMumif;udk
trsKd;rsKd;rSwfom;csufrsm;om jzpfayonf/ xdkrSwfom;csufrsm;udk a&;olrsm;\ tmabmf? if;wdkYa&;&ma'o? a&;onfh
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tu,f pmrwwfolonf? avmutrSwftom; aumif;rGef ae&mcswwfvQif pmwwfae&efrvdkacs/ xdkaMumifhyifrwfqdkvdkeDu if;twKywdwGif uREfkyfbwfcJUaom tBuD;qHk;aompmtkyfum;? uREfkyfaecJU aeqJaom avmuBuD;yifwnf;[k
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xdkynmppfudk&&ef vGwfvyfpGm awG;awmajymqdk aqG;aEG;vkyfudkifvdkaom pdwf"gwfudk arG;&efvdk\/ tcsufudk
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urmh&mZ0ifudk-wrsKd;wrnf ajymif;vJGaponfh &DaeqefYESifh &Dazmifar;Sif;ac: acwfopf0g'? avmu"gwfynm jyefYyGm;&m
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toif;or*SdrSom trsKd;rsKd;aom t,ltq trSwftom;wdkYudk awGUjrifodSd&? ydkrdktjrifus,fvmEdkifavonf/ odkYtjrifus,frS wOD;udkwOD; emcHwwfjcif;-apmifrulnDwwfjcif;? tajymtqdk taetxdkif jyKjyifvmjcif;? pojzifhavmuvlvkyfwwfonfh t&nftcsif;rsm; &Edkifavonf/
xdkaMumifh? xdkodkYul;vl;qufqH tjrifoefatmif? ausmif;rsm;? wuodkvfrsm;wGif? ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;xm;jcif;?
toif;tyif;rsm; axmifjcif; ponfwdkY jyKMu&avonf/ odkY&mwGif taygif;toif;or*twGuf jyKvkyf&mwGif vGwfvyfpGm
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udk xGifMu&\/ xdkrQru? ,cktcg wEdkifiHESifh wEdkifiHrSm cGJpyf rjzpfEdkif/ wkwfjynf? pydefjynf? ygvufpwdkif;jynfwGif
tjzpftysufrsm;onf? wdkif;jynfudk vnf;aumif;? urmh,Ofaus;jcif;udk vnf;aumif;? vlow0gwdkYtm; vnf;aumif;
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wGif ausmif;om;wdkYrSm udk,fxdvufa&muf wdkufcdkufaeMu&\/ xdkaMumifh tcsdefESifh tcgtavsmufvnf;? ausmif;om;
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atmifqef;
511
(Z) 1956-57 td;k a0r*Zif;yg uAsm

aoG;pnf;Mupdkh
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1/
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513
or*zsufodrf;a&;udpe JY ywfoufNyD; tpdk;&\aMunmcsufudk wuodkvf0ef;usif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh
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514

qkH;jzwfcJhonf/
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ar;vGe;f vTm (1) ESihf (2) tm; waeYxJ (2) Budrf rppfaq;a&;ESihf t&pfuspepfa[mif;jzifh ajzqdo
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owif;axmufrsm;ESihf jyemrjzpfap&efEiS hf ajyvnf&majyvnfaMumif; twGuf wuoOu| udpk ode;f [ef?
udkpdk;odef;wdkYonf prf;acsmif;BuD; owif;axmuftoif; Ou|BuD;xH oGm;a&mufSif;jyonf/ owif;axmuftoif;
Ou|BuD;uvnf; em;vnfoabmaygufcJhonf/ xdktcsdefu wuoESifh wyfOD;udk jynfolu tmHkpdkufaecsdef jzpfav
onf/
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;wyfO;D owif;axmufrsm;odhk yefMum;vTm
owif;axmufrsm;cifAsm;16? 8? 57 &uf wuo tvkyftpnf;ta0;wGif owif;axmuftcsKdUESifh ausmif;om;wOD; jzpfoGm;aom
udpE Sifhywfouf &efukefwuodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;wyfOD;tm; jrefrmjynfowif;axmufrsm;toif;u (6) vwdwd
tqufjzwfum oydwfarSmufvdkufonf[k 18? 8? 57 &ufaeYu aMunmvdkufygonf[k od&ygonf/
odYk aMunm&mvnf; (wuotvkyt
f rIaqmifrsm;onf pnf;urf;rJrh ?I &rf;um;rIukd tcsed rf rD ajzSi;f Edik b
f J
tjypfusL;vGefol\ y&d,m,fudkyif vdkufavsmcJhonf/ xdkaMumifh wuotrIaqmifrsm; wm0efruif;) [l vnf;
aumif;? (wuo trIaqmifrsm;rSm ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD;tzGJU0ifrsm;jzpf rvTJraSmifombJ tjypfSdolESifh
wm0ef ruif;olrsm;) [l vnf;aumif; ygSdonfudk awGU&ygonf/
udpE iS yhf wfouf owif;axmufrsm;tm; jzpf&yfreS u
f kd wifjyvdo
k nfrmS tvkyt
f pnf;ta0;yGw
J iG f jzpfymG ;
jcif;onf omrefausmif;om;wa,mufESifh owif;axmuftcsKdU jzpfyGm;jcif;yif jzpf\/ tpnf;ta0; wm0efcHusif;y
aom trIaqmifrsm;ESifh jzpfyGm;jcif;r[kwfojzifh wuotrIaqmifvnf; wm0efrSday/ ausmif;om;onf wyfOD;
trIaqmifvnf; r[kw?f aumifp0D ifvnf; r[kwo
f jzifh wyfO;D vnf; wm0efrS/d xdak usmif;om;ESihf owif;axmufrsm;
tcif;jzpfyGm;csdefwGif tpnf;ta0;\ obmywdjzpfaom wuoOu|u (owif;axmufrsm;tm; "gwfyHkdkufcGihf
SdaMumif;ESifh rwm;jrpfrydwfyif&ef) ajymMum; aMunmcJhavonf/ odkY obmywdu ajymMum;NyD;aomtcg owif;
axmufrsm;u tpnf;ta0cef;rrS xGufcGmoGm;ygonf/ xdkaeYnaeuyif jzpfyGm;&mygaom ausmif;om;udk,fwdkif
owif;axmufrsm;tm; awmif;yefpm ay;ydkYcJhygonf/
,if;odYk ausmif;om;wcsKdUESihf owif;axmuftcsKdU y#dyujzpfymG ;jcif;udk wuou rvdv
k m;onft
h avsmuf
xdkausmif;om;u if;tvdkqEtavsmuf awmif;yefapygw,f/ xdkuJhodkY rdrdwdkY tvdkqEtavsmuf awmif;yefonf
udyk if t"rtEdik u
f sif
h awmif;yefaponf[al omoabmrsKd; owif;axmuftzGUJ \ aMunmcsufwiG yf gSo
d nf/ wzef
515
wyfO;D tm; (6) v oydwaf rSmufonf qdjk cif;rSmvnf; bmrQ roufqikd o
f nfh wyfO;D tm; rw&m;oufouf qH;k jzwfcsuf
jzpfonf[k ,HkMunfygonf/
wyfOD;onf owif;axmufrsm;tay: apwemaumif;xm;vsuf oabmxm; rSefuefcJhygonf/ 1955
ckEpS f bGUJ ESi;f obifwiG f owif;axmufrsm;tm; "gwfyrHk du
k &f [k wm;jrpfonfukd wuou 0rf;enf;aMumif; aMunmcJh
zl;yg\/ xdkaMujimcsufukd wyfOD;u axmufcHcJhonf/
xdkuJhodkY wyfOD;ESifh owif;axmufrsm; apwemoefYSif;pGm qufqHonfudk wyfOD;0ifr[kwfonfh omref
ausmif;om;wOD;ESifh jzpfyGm;rIudk ckwHk;vkyfvsuf wyfOD;tm;w&m;cHvkyfonfh vkyfMuHrIaMumifh wyfOD;owif;tm; (6)
v oydwfarSmufjcif; jzpf&yfudk rw&m;[k,lqaMumif; owif;axmufrsm;tm; tav;teuf wifjyvdkufygonf/
&efukefwuodkvf ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD;taeESifh ,cifuvnf; owif;axmufrsm;tay: oabm
xm; rSefuefcJhygonf/ ,ckvnf; rSefuefygonf/ aemiftpOfojzifhvnf; rSefuefpGm qufqHoGm;rnfqdkonfudkvnf;
odSdapvdkygonf/ uJhodkY wyfOD;tay:wGif rw&m;csrSwfxm;aom qHk;jzwfcsufudk trSefodkY a&mufSdEdkif&ef pOf;pm;
aqmifGufEdkif&eftwGuf owif;axmufrsm;odkY wifjy yefMum;tyfygonf/
trIaqmiftzGYJ
ausmif;om;nDnGwfa&;wyfOD;
&efukefwuodkvf
aehpGJ- 19? 8? 57
(n) &Jacgiu
f akd rG;zGm;cJjh cif;
(1955- 56) ckESpf yxrtokwf wuoaG;aumufyGJwGif wyfOD;rsm; tjywftowfjzifh jyeftaG;cH&NyD;
tmPm&ygwD tzGUJ tpnf;onf rsm;pGmtxdemapum if;wdYk u ausmaxmufaemufcjH yKolrsm;udk woD;yk*v
rsm;tjzpf
ausmifom;xktm; vSnfhpm;aomtm;jzifh qdkS,fvpfygwDrS ppfNyD;acwf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif wOD;jzpfaom
udkGefYodef;? tvif;0if ppfNyD;acwfausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfcJhaom udkcspfoef;xGef;? udkzkef;jrifhwdkY OD;aqmifum
&JacgiftzGJUudk zGJUNyD; 1956-57 ck wuo 'kwd,tokwf 0ifNydKifcJhonf?/ 1953-54 ck uJhodkYyif tmPm&ygwDrS
acgif;aqmifrsm; uGif;qif; OD;aqmiftm;ay;Muonf/ 0efBuD;OD;ausmfNidrf;\ZeD; a':EGJYEGJY&Donf r,fArmrpdefat;
twGuf a&yef;pm;vSaom Adu
k w
d v
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h nfh owif;udk udck ifarmiftek ;f u toHcsJUpufjzifh
aMunmcJhonf/
(#) 1956-67 &efuek w

f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* 0g'ESiv
hf yk if ef;pOf
0g'
1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,m
ajzmifhjzL;a&;/
2/ ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyemwdkif;wGif aqmifGufvdkaom
ausmif;om;tif;tm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yl;wGJaqmifGufa&;/
3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIxdef;odrf; jrifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGm
aygif;oif;qufqHa&;/
t"duvkyfief;rsm;
1/ (u) 3 cgus ausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;/
(c) wuodkvfqD;edwf qHk;jzwfcsuf taumiftxnfazmfa&;/
(8) t&pfusajzqdkcGifhpepfopf taumiftxnfazmfa&;/
2/ ausmif;om;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh (Hostel Autonomy) &Sda&;/
3/ axmufyHhaMu; qufvuf&Sda&;/
4/ ausmif;om;pm;aomufqdkif (Student Canteen) zGifhvSpfa&;/
516

5/ wuodkvf ausmif;om;yGJawmfusif;ya&;/
6/ wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD; usif;ya&;/
7/ wuodkvfynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJw&yf usif;ya&;/
8/ Edik if w
H umSd wuov
kd rf sm;ESihf &efuek w
f uov
kd f q&m? ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ apvTwzf vS,af &;/
9/ tmS-tmz&du ausmif;om;abmvHk;yGJw&yf &efukefNrdKUwGifusif;ya&;/
oD;jcm;Xmetvdkuf aqmifGuf&rnfUvkyfief;
tif*sifeD,maumvdyf
1/ (3F) pepf zsufodrf;a&;/
2/ ausmifwuf&ef 75% rS pmar;yGJajzcGifh avQmhaygha&;/
3/ tif*sifeD,mpmMunfhwdkufwGif tif*sifeD,mbmom&yfESifh ywfoufaompmtkyfrsm; jynfhpHkpGmxm;Sda&;/
4/ aEG&moD vufawGUoifwef;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf c&D;p&dwfESifh aeYpOf toHk;p&dwfay;a&;/
5/ tif*sifeD,maumvdyfSd Xmetvdkufypnf;rsm; tjynfhtpHkxm;ay;a&;/
(u) Architect ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ypnf;rsm;jynfhpHka&;? (Oyrm- Basil wood)
(c) Mechanical wGif Working Model rsm; jynfhpHkpGmxm;Sda&;?
(*) Civil Eng: twGuf ypnf;ta[mif;rsm; vJvS,fay;a&;? (Oyrm- ajrwdkif;u&d,mrsm;)
6/ Lab: rsm;wGif ypnf;rsm; jynfhpHkapa&;/
(u) Heat Eng: Lab: Oyrm- (Boiler ta[mif;rsm; xm;Sday;a&;)?
(c) Mining Eng: twGuf Lab: wckxm;Sda&;?
(*) Electrical Communication wGif Lab: xm;ay;a&;/
7/ (u) Workshop twGuf Workshop Assist: tjynfhtpHktvHktavmuf xm;Sda&;?
(c) a[mif;EGrf;aomypnf;rsm; vJvS,fay;a&; (Oyrm- wHuif;)/
8/ pwdkifyifrsm; qufvufwdk;wufay;a&;/
9/ trSwfMunfh&mwGif 10d^- ay;&mrS 5d^- odkY avsmhcsay;a&;/
10/ tif*sifeD,mpmar;yGJrsm; qufwdkufrusif;yay;bJ oifhavsmfovdk em;&ufay;umusif;ya&;/
ynma&;r[mXme
1/ 65% ausmif;wuf&uf pepfy,fzsufa&;/
2/ pmar;yGJatmifpm&if; xGuf&mwGif (In order of merit) trSwftenf;trsm; tpDtpOftvdkuf aMujim
jcif;udk y,fzsufay;&ef/
3/ tpdk;&pwdkifyif,lolrsm;udk B.Ed qufvufwufcGifhay;&ef/
4/ q&mrsm;\tajccHvpmEIef;xm; jyifqifay;a&;/
5/ ynma&;r[mXmewGif vufSdtkyfcsKyfjyKvkyfaeyHkudk jyKjyifajymif;vJay;a&;/
6/ tjcm;aomXmeuJhodkY xl;cRefolrsm;? yxr&olrsm;tm;qk csD;jrifhay;a&;/
aq;odyH
1/ oD;jcm;aq;wuodkvf jzpfajrmufa&;/
2/ aq;odyHwGif vufSdtaqmuftOD wdk;csJUa&;/
3/ aq;odyHwGif ausmif;olrsm;twGuf ausmif;aqmifwaqmifESifh aq;odyHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ausmif;
aqmifwaqmif tjrefqHk;xm;Sday;a&;/
4/ aq;odyHwGif "gwfcGJcef;ypnf;rsm;? tjcm;vdktyfaomypnf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmSda&;/
5/ aq;odyHwGif q&mrsm;vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUcefYxm;&efESifh q&mrsm;tm; vpmwdk;jrifhay;a&;/
6/ 'kwd,ESpf aq;odyHoifwef;wGif (3) Budrf usHI;pepfaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm;txl; epfemaeojzifh
wwfEdkiforQ aqG;aEG;jyKjyifa&;/
7/ aq;odypH mMunfw
h u
kd w
f iG f acwfrpDS mtkyrf sm; pHv
k ifpmG xm;S&d ef ausmif;om;rsm; vHak vmufpmG iSm;&efzwfI
&ef pmMunfhwdkuf&efyHkaiG wdk;wufoHk;pGJay;&ef/
517
8/ aq;odyHwGif axmufyHhaMu;topfrsm; &yfqdkif;xm;jcif;udk zsuf axmufyhHaMu;topf tjrefjyefvnf
xkwfay;&ef/
&efuif;aumvdyf
1/ &efuif;OypmaumvdyfwGif vHkavmufaom ypnf;ud&d,mrsm;ESifh q&mjynfhpHkpGm xm;Sda&;/
2/ jynfpHkvHkavmufaom pmMunfhwdkufwck xm;Sda&;/
3/ upm;uGif;rsm; aqmufvkyfay;a&;ESifh vdktyfaomypnf;rsm;? axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&
tvdkuf ay;a&;/
4/ ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; em;ae&eftcef; (L.C.R) (G.C.R ) udk wd;k csUJ ypn;f rsm; jynfph kH vHak vmufpmG
ay;a&;/
5/ t0iftxGufvrf;rsm; jyKvkyfay;um vrf;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;jyKjyifay;&ef/
6/ &efuif;ausmif;aqmif (Hostel) rsm;wGif toHk;taqmifrsm; jynfhpHkpGmjyifqifa&;/
7/ ysufqD;aeaomausmif;aqmifrsm;? a&ydkufrsm; jyifqifay;&efESifh ausmif;aqmif oefYSif;a&;twGuf
aqmifGufay;a&;/
8/ &efuif;ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif Owk (3) yg;cHEdkif&ef twGuf rsufESmMuufjyKvkyfay;a&;/
xD;wef;aumvdyf
1/ pmoifcef;rsm;wGif rD;vHk;rsm;? yefumrsm; wyfqifa&;/
2/ em;aecef;twGif; owif;pmrsm;? upm;ckefpm;ud&d,mrsm; jynfpHkpGm&Sda&;/
3/ xD;wef;aumvdyftwGuf ydkrdkoifhavsmfaom ae&mSmazG aumvdyftqifhESifhnDaom pmoifcef;rsm;
aqmufvkyfa&;/
4/ ausmif;aqmif csKdUwJhaomypnf;rsm; tjrefqHk;ay;&ef/
5/ pmMunfhwdkufESifh tdrfwGif;upm;a&;twGuf taqmifoD;oefY aqmufvkyfay;a&;/
6/ upm;ckefpm;a&;twGuf upm;uGif;rsm; jyKjyifay;a&;/
7/ oefYSif;aom a&csKd;cef;ESifh tdrfomrsm; jyKjyifay;a&;/
8/ aq;rsm;tcrJh vHkavmufpGmay;a&;ESifh tcrJhaq;xdk;ay;a&;/
A[dkausmif;aqmifrsm;
1/ ausmif;aqmifc t&pfusay;oGif;aom pepftm; ,cifpepfa[mif; twdkif;ay;a&;/
2/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif aS;,cifuuJhodkY rD; (24) em&D&Sda&;/
3/ ausmif;aqmifwGif aexdkifvdkaom ausmif;om;wdkif; aecGifhjyKa&;/
4/ aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; ausmif;aqmif aecGifhjyKa&;twGuf tpDtpOfjyKvkyfay;a&;/
5/ a&vHkavmufpGm &Sda&;/
6/ ukwiftopfrsm; vJvS,fay;&efESifh pmtkyfpifrsm; tvHktavmufay;a&;/
7/ tdrfomjyKjyifay;a&;/
aehausmif;olrsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;ta&;
1/ um;crsm; oufomacsmifcsdap&ef avQmhayghaom aps;EIef;xm;Sda&;/
2/ ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; em;aecef;rsm; (L.C.R) (G.C.R) wdkYtm; o,m,ESifh pmzwfcef; tqifhodkY
xm;Sday;&efESifh ypnf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;Sday;a&;/
3/ aeYausmif;om;rsm;twGuf tm;upm;aMu;rsm;udk 200d^- rS 500d^- txd wdk;jrifh&Sda&;/
vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;
1/ r,lrae& jrefrmbmomtpm; rdrdwdkY jynfe,fqdkif&m bmom&yfrsm; oifMum;ajzqdkcGifhjyKa&;/
2/ jynfe,fausmif;om;rsm;ta&;udk jynfe,ftpdk;&u 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif; rjyKa&;/
518

3/ jynfe,fausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;wdk;ay;a&;/
4/ axmufyHhaMu;ay;&mwGif oif,laom bmom&yfESifh owfrSwfcsKyfcs,frI rjyKa&;/
5/ vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;\ ,Ofaus;rIxkwfazmfay;a&;/
6/ ausmif;om;vkyfief;rsm;wGif vlrsKd;pkwdkY qEygSdvkyfaqmifa&;/
q&mrsm;
1/ q&mrsm;pmoifcsdefudk qDavsmfatmif pDpOfowfrSwf tcsdefydkoifMum;ygu tydkaMu;cHpm;cGifhjyKa&;/
2/ q&mrsm;vdkaecsdefwGif tvkyfrS&yfpJjcif; rjyKa&;/
3/ q&mrsm; vpmEIef;xm; wdk;jrifhjyifqifay;a&;/
4/ q&mrsm;vdt
k yfaecsdew
f iG f wd;k jrichf efYxm;rIukd 'D*&Day:wGio
f mrxm;bJ vkyo
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5/ q&m? rrsm;\ qEEiS q
hf efYusifvsuf ausmif;om;ta&;wGif 0ifa&mufcsKyfcs,f&ef tmPmjzifh apcdik ;f jcif;
rjyKa&;/
&Jabmfausmif;om;taygif;wdkhtxufazmfjyyg 1956- 57 ckEpS t
f wGuf vkyif ef;rsm;udk ausmif;omxkw&yfv;kH udk aoG;pnf;nDw
G af pum
ausmif;om;tjrif ausmif;om;qEjzifhom jyKvkyfaqmif&Guf atmifyGJ&onftxd csDwufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; uwd
jyKygonf/
trIaqmiftzGYJ
(X) &efuek w
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kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* Ou|opf pode;f [ef usr;f opmused q
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*kPfoa&SdvlBuD;rif;rsm;? ygarmuq&m^rrsm;eJY ausmif;olôm;rsm;udk trIaqmiftzGJUudk,fpm; uRefawmfu rsm;pGm
aus;Zl;Oyum&wifSdaMumif; OD;pGmajymMum;tyfygw,f/
ausmif;om;&mZ0if ordik ;f wavQmufv;kH rSm ArmEdik if v
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(9) &yfudk ausmif;om;xktm; opmrazmufbJ tpGrf;ukefazmfoGm;r,fqdkwm 'Dae&muaeNyD; uwday;ygw,f/ txl;
ojzifh ,ckvdk ArmwEdkifiHvHk;rSmSdwJh nDi,fausmif;om;rsm;&JU ausmif;om;or*awG t"rzsufodrf;cH&wJh tcsdefrsKd;rSm
wuo&JU tE&m,fawG0dkif;aewJhtcgrsKd;rSm ausmif;om;xktwGuf OD;aqmifxrf;Guf&zdkY wm0efSdwJhtwGuf ydkNyD;wuf
<u *kPf,lrdygw,f/
wuodkvfor*udk 1931 ckESpfrSm tcdkiftrm wnfaxmifNyD;cJhcsdefupNyD; ,aeYwdkif ausmif;om;xktusKd;?
ausmif;om;xktwGufom rm;rm;rwfrwf aSUaqmifcJhygw,f/ wcsdefwnf; rdbjynfolawG&JUtrsKd;om;a&;&mawGrSm
wuou yg0ifxrf;aqmifcw
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b,fvkd adS e&ovJ/ ausmif;udk om;orD;awG vTwv
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r[kwfay/ aSUwGifwqifhwqifhwdk;um wuodkvfor*udk wm;qD;jcif;? zsufodrf;jcif; jyKvkyfrnfh ajcvSrf;yifjzpfay
onf/ 1953-54 ckESpfwGif wuodkvfor*ae&mwGif ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;aumifpD (SSWC) rsm;jzifh
tpm;xd;k &ef MuH,
G cf zhJ ;l ayNyD/ ,cktcgwGiv
f nf; or*rsm;zsuo
f rd ;f &ef trdeYf ut
kd rSjD yKum wuov
kd o
f r*ukd zsuo
f rd ;f
&efBudK;pm;jcif; (odkY) wuoae&mwGif tpm;xdk;&ef ausmif;om;^q&m cspfcif&if;ESD;rI[l bef;jyum q&mâusmif;
om; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk zGJUpnf;&efMuHG,f jyKvkyfvsuf Sdayonf/
odkYtwGuf &Jabmfausmif;olôm;wdkif;onf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ausmif;rsm;wGif or*rsm; (AuotzGJUcGJrsm;)
522

zsufodrf;&eftrdefYonf ausmif;om;i,frsm;udkomrubJ wuodkvfodkYyif xdcdkufvmawmhrnfjzpf&m or*rsm; wnf
axmifcGifhESifh qufvufwnfjrJcGifhtwGuf EdkifiHawmfausmif;om;xkBuD;w&yfvHk;ESifh vufwGJum aqmifGufMuyg&ef
wdkufwGef;EId;aqmf vdkufygaMumif;/
wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;onf or*zGJUpnf;cGifh&a&;? or*wnfwHhEdkifa&;twGuf ArmEdkifiHausmif;om;xk
w&yfvHk;ESifh yl;wGJaqmifGuf&mwGif at;csrf;om,mpGm ajzSif;Edkifa&;twGuf BudK;pm;aqmifGufrnf jzpfonfhtjyif
q&m? rdb? ausmif;om;rsm;yl;wGJ ajzSif;Edkifa&;twGuf tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm; aqmifGufrnfjzpfaMumif; xkwfjyefaMunm
vdkufygonf/
tMurf;zufESdrfeif;rI0g'usqHk;&rnf
ausmif;om;ta&;atmif&rnf
trIaqmiftzGJY
odhk
ynma&;0efBuD;
twGif;0efrsm;Hk;
&efukefNrdKY
taMumif;t&m /
/ 16? 10? 56 aeYpGJjzifh ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS ausmif;om;or*rsm;ESifh ywfouf

xkwfjyefaomtrdefYudk &nfTef;ygonf/
cifAsm;16? 10? 56 aeYwGif ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS tpdk;&ausmif;rsm;Sd ausmif;om;or*rsm;tm; trdefYxkwfjyef

onfrS (30) &uftwGif; zsufodrf;&efESifh xdkuJhodkY zsufodrf;&mwGif vdktyfygu jyif;jyif;xefxef ta&;,lrnf
[laom oabmygSdonfh trdefYw&yfudk xkwfjyefcJhygonf/
xdt
k rdeYfEiS hf ywfouf uReaf wmfrsm; wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ rS avhvmoH;k oyfMunfo
h nfwiG f if;trdeYfonf
1/ ynma&;avmu vufSdjzpfay:aeaom taxGaxGtusyftwnf;rsm;udk ajzSif;ay;Edkifvdrfhrnf[k
r,lqjcif;/
2/ if;trdefYaMumifh ynma&;avmutwGif; at;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;udk xdcdkufvmvdrfhrnf[k
,lqjcif;/
3/ xdktrdefYonf EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (2)? tydk'f (17^*) ygSdaom toif;
tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;Edkifaom tcGifhta&;[lonfudk csKd;azmuf&ma&mufvsuf 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk
ydwfyif&ma&mufjcif; jzpfonf[l cdkifcdkifrmrm ,HkMunf,lqygaomaMumifh txufyg ynma&;XmerS
xkwfjyefcJhaomtrdefYtm; av;eufpGm uefYuGufygaMumif;/
qHk;jzwfcsuft&
av;pm;pGmjzifU
(pdk;odef;)
(wuo)
rdwLrsm;udk
1/ 0efBuD;csKyf
6/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf
2/ w&m;a&;Xme0efBuD;
7/ &efukefcdkifausmif;om;rsm;or* (&uo)
3/ ygarmucsKyf (&efukefwuodkvf)
8/ owif;pmwdkuf
4/ q&mrsm;toif; (&efukefwuodkvf)
9/ ynmrif;BuD;Hk;
5/ jrefrmEdkifiHq&mrsm;toif;csKyf
523
() 1956-57 wuotpD&ifcpH m
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*
1956-57 ckESpf tpD&ifcHpm
tcef; (1)
&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;or*\ yxrtywf aG;aumufyGJjzpfaom Ou|? 'k-Ou|ESifh aiGxdef;
aG;aumufyu
JG kd 1956 ckEpS ?f pufwifbmv (27) &ufwiG f usi;f ycJ&h m? ausmif;om;nDw
G af &;wyfO;D \ ud,
k pf m;vS,f
rsm; jzpfaom podef;[eftm; Ou| tjzpfvnf;aumif;? udkausmfjrifhtm; 'k- Ou| tjzpfvnf;aumif;? rjrjrtm;
aiGxdef; tjzpfvnf;aumif; ausmif;om;xku aG;aumufwifajrmufcJhayonf/ 'kwd,tywf trIaqmif (6) OD;
aG;aumufyu
JG kd 1956 ckEpS f atmufwb
dk mv (9) &ufaeYwiG f usi;f ycJ&h m ausmif;om;nDw
G af &;wyfO;D \ ud,
k pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzpfMuaom udpk ;kd ode;f ? udpk eG w
f w
d ?f udv
k aS z? rpwmtuf'x
D eG ;f ? apmod;k rm? udck spo
f ed ;f OD;wdYk taG;cHc&hJ ayonf/
xdktrIaqmif (6) OD;tm; atmufygtwdkif; wm0efcGJay;cJUonf/
(1) udkpdk;odef;
(2) rpwmtuf'DxGef;
wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh jyefMum;a&;rSL;
(3) udkpGefwdwf
ausmif;om;ouffomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;
(4) udkcspfodef;OD;
(aemif pma&;q&m C.T.O)
(5) udkvSaz (&cdkif)
(aemif OD;wifhaZmf)
(6) apmodk;rm
wuo\ zGJYpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (10)? tydk'f (2) t&(1) udkatmifoef;
tdk;a0r*Zif;wm0efcH
(2) udk0if;wif
yd#duufwdkufrSL;
-tjzpfjzifh trIaqmiftzGJUrS aG;aumuf wifajrmufcJhayonf/
wuo\ zGJYpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef;
(1) udkatmifoef;
(2) udkodef;wef
(3) udk0if;Munf
(4) udkwifarmifarmif
(5) udkndKjrifh
(6) rcifeef;jrifh
(19)? tydk'f (1) t& tdk;a0r*Zif;aumfrwDudk atmufygtwdkif;zGJYpnf;cJUonf/

wm0efcHt,f'Dwm
twGif;a&;rSL;
tvkyfrefae*sm
trIaqmif
trIaqmif
trIaqmif
wuo\ zGpYJ nf;yHpk nf;rsO;f Oya' tcef; (18)? tyd'k f (1) t& yd#u
d ufwu
kd af umfrwDukd atmufygtwdik ;f zGpYJ nf;cJo
U nf/
(1) udk0if;wif
yd#duufwdkufrSL;
(2) rjrjr
aiGxdef;
(3) udkaumif;pH
(4) csm;vf (xGef;)
524

(5) udkwifatmifMunf
(6) udk&Jjrifh
wuodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumfrwD (University Sport Council)) odkh wuorS atmufygudk,fpm;vS,frsm; aG;cs,f
cefhtyfcJUonf/
(1) udkcspfodef;OD;
(2) udkausmf'if
(3) udkwifxG#f
(4) udkwifarmifMunf
(5) udkae0if;
ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDohkd wuo 'k-Ou| udak usmjf rifEU iS Uf wuotrIaqmifa[mif; udak rmifarmifeG w
hf t
hkd m; wuo
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aG;cs,fapvTwfcJUayonf/
wuodkvfaumifpDodkh
(1) OD;at;armif
(w&m;0efBuD;a[mif;ESifh 'k-t"dywda[mif;)
(2) rpwmwDyD0rf;
(wuoaiGxdef;a[mif;? vTwfawmfaSUae)
-wdkYtm; aG;cs,fwifajrmufcJhayonf/
OD;at;armiftm; wuodkvfaq;aumfrwD0ifESifh wuodkvf&dyfom aumfrwD0iftjzpf vnf;aumif;? rpwm
wDyD0rf;tm; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD0ifESifh axmufyHha&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf vnf;aumif; wuodkvfaumifpDrS aG;cs,f
xnfhoGif;cJhayonf/
tcef; (2)
wuotrIaqmiftzGJY\ 0g'ESifUvkyfief;pOf
wuoOu|opf\ usr;f opmused q
f ydk u
JG dk 1956 ck? Ed0k ifbmv (9) &ufaeYwiG f ,k'oefcef;r usi;f yjyKvkyf
wuotrIaqmiftzGJUopf\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;ukd atmufygtwdkif; aMunmcJhayonf/
0g'
1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;/
2/ ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&; jyemwdkif;wGif aqmifGufvdkaom ausmif;om;
tif;tm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yl;wGJaqmifGufa&;/
3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;jrifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmaygif;oif;
qufqHa&;/
t"duvkyfief;rsm;
1/ (u) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;?
(c) wuodkvfqD;edwfqHk;jzwfcsuf taumiftxnfazmfa&;?
(*) t&pfusajzqdkcGifh pepfopf taumiftxnfazmfa&;?
2/ ausmif;om;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh (Hostel Automanmy) &Sda&;?
3/ axmufyHhaMu; qufvuf&Sda&;?
4/ ausmif;om;pm;aomufqdki(f Student Canteen) zGifhvSpfa&;?
5/ wuodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmfusif;ya&;?
6/ wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD; usif;ya&;?
7/ wuodkvf ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJw&yfusif;ya&;?
8/ EdkifiHwumSd wuodkvfrsm;ESifh &efukefwuodkvf q&m? ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU apvTwfzvS,fa&;?
9/ tmS-tmz&du ausmif;om;abmvHk;yGJw&yf &efukefNrdKUwGifusif;ya&;/
525
tcef;(3)
wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ onf usr;f opmused q
f ykd w
JG iG f aMunmcJah om 0g'ESiv
hf yk if ef;pOfrsm;udk taumiftxnf
ay:aygufvmap&ef aqmifu
G cf o
hJ nf/ aqmifu
G cf ahJ om t"ducsrSwx
f m;onfh vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf ywfouf wifjyvdu
k f
ayonf/
1/
(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk 1954-55 ckESpfrSp wuodkvfwGifpwifusifhoHk;cJh\/ xdktcsdefrSp ausmif;
om;xk w&yfvHk;onf (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk uefYuGufqEjycJhayonf/
odkY qEjycJhojzifhvnf; ausmif;om;? q&m? rdb jynfolwdkY\ axmufcHrIudk &SdcJhayonf/ 1955-56 ckESpfwGif
wuodkvfaumifpDrS (3) cgusESifh (65) &mcdkifEIef;pepftwGuf pHkprf;a&;aumfrSifudk zGJUpnf;ay;cJh&onf/ 1956 ck
ESpf Mo*kwv
f wGif wuov
kd yf nma&;pkpH rf;rIaumfrSiu
f kd zGUJ pnf;ay;cJ&h onf/ xkad umfrSirf S (3) vtwGi;f tpD&ifcpH m
wifoGif;&rnf[k owfrSwfay;cJh&onf/
(3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epfonf vufw
dS uov
kd yf nma&;pepf rrSeu
f efraI Mumifh ay:xGuv
f m&jcif; jzpfonf
[k ,lqonfh tm;avsmfpmG wuov
kd yf nma&; pHpk rf;rIEiS yhf wfouf wuorS vufccH ahJ yonf/ pHpk rf;a&;aumfrSi\
f
tpD&ifcpH m tjrefq;kH ay:xGuaf p&ef awmif;qdck ahJ yonf/ odYk awmif;qdck o
hJ jzifv
h nf; owfrw
S x
f m;aom tcsed v
f eG af e
&mrS xGufay:vmcJhayonf/
odYk aomftpD&ifcpH monf owfrw
S v
f monft
h wdik ;f wuov
kd yf nma&;wckv;kH tm; pHpk rf;jcif;rjyKbJ (Admission) ausmif;0ifjcif;? (Teaching) oifMum;ydkYcsjcif;? (Examination) pmar;yGJ[l tydkif; (3) ydkif;udkom ppfaq;
tpD&ifccH o
hJ nf/ ausmif;om;xk vdv
k m;csufjzpfaom (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epf zsuford ;f a&;ESihf ywfouf rnfoYkd rQ
azmfjyjcif;rSdbJ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudkom qufvufxm;SdcJhjcif;aMumihf wuorS oabmxm;udk xkwfjyef
aMunmcJhonf/ qufvuf ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;w&yf usif;yjyKvkyfay;&ef wkdufwGef;cJh
ayonf/
(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf wuoonf wuodkvfSd wyfOD;? &Jacgif? oefYSif;?
ausmif;om;a&;&m tiftm;BuD; (4) ck? tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;or*? aq;odyHausmif;om;or*wdkYESifh yl;wGJum
1956 ckEpS ?f 'DZifbmv (13) &ufaeYwiG f ausmif;w&ufrwufbJ qEjy oydwaf rSmufco
hJ nf/ wuorS OD;aqmifonfh
qEjyoydwfonf vHk;0atmifjrifcJhayonf/
ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ nDGwfpGm qEjycJhEdkifonfhtwGufvnf; (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfonf tajc
,dkifvmum wuodkvfynma&; pepfBuD;wckvHk;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;&jcif;? pOf;pm;cJhaom tpD&ifcHpmudk wdkif;jynfodkY
wifjyum tMuHOmPfEiS hf xifjrifcsufrsm; awmif;cH&jcif;wdYk ukd jyKvkycf &hJ ayonf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epf zsuford ;f
a&;onf umvMumSnpf mG wdu
k yf q
JG ifrS &Edik rf nfjzpfonfEiS t
hf nD ravsmah omvkYH v? rqkwrf epfaomZGEJ iS t
hf nD ausmif;
om;xkw&yfv;Hk nDw
G pf mG jzifh qufvufwu
kd yf 0JG ifEikd yf gu atmifjrif&efadS yonf/ vufydS nma&;pepfBuD;yif jyKjyif
ajymif;vJoGm;Edkif&ef t&dyfedrdwfrsm; ay:xGufcJhNyD[k ,lqrdayonf/
(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf 1956 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (30) &ufaeYwGif wuorS
BuD;rSL;um tpmiwfcHqEjyyGJw&yfudk usif;ycJhayonf/ xdktpmiwfcHqEjyyGJudk &efukefwuodkvf? odyHr[mXme
jrufcif;aSU vnf;aumif;? &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfwdkY vnf;aumif; usif;ycJhayonf/ wuorS tpmiwfcH
qEjyyGJtwGuf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;udk zdwfac:cJh&m &efukefwuodkvfrS ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;aygif; (100)
ausmf? &efuif;rS (60) ausmf? xD;wef;rS (40) ausmf? tm;vkH;aygif; (200) ausmf yg0ifqifETJcJhMuayonf/ tpmiwfcH
qEjyyGJwGif wuodkvfSd ausmif;om;tiftm;pkBuD; (2) ckjzpfaom &efukefwuodkvf ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD;ESifh
ausmif;om;&JacgiftzGJUwdkYu pdwftm;xufoefpGm yg0ifqifETJcJhayonf/ trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmifrsm;rSvnf; pdwftm;
xufoefpGm tultnDrsm; ay;cJhayonf/ eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (6) em&Dxd tpmiwfcHqEjyyGJBuD;? onfhaemuf
ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;yGJBuD; usif;yjyD;vQif tqdkrsm;wifoGif;qHk;jzwfum wuodkvfe,fajrtwGif; qEjyvSnfh
vnfyGJw&yfudk usif;yEdkifcJhonf/
2/
ausmif;aqmifu,
kd yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfa&;udk 1954-55 ck wyfO;D ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfaom wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ rS
wifoGif;awmif;qdkcJhayonf/ 1956 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (24) &ufaeYwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh wuodkvf t"dywd
0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ek awGUqHak qG;aEG;&mwGif ausmif;aqmifu,
kd yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfa&;udk oabmwlrkH Qru? {NyDvwGif pwiftyk cf sKyf
&ef wkdufwGef;cJhonf/ wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u {NyDvonf ausmif;ydwf&ufjzpf ZGefvrSm pwiftkyfcsKyf&ef jyef
Mum;cJhayonf/
526

1959 ck? ZGefvwGif taumiftxnfazmf&ef BudK;yrf;cJhNyD;vQif ausmif;aqmiftkyfcsKyfa&; pDrHudef;udk a&;qGJ
wifjycJah yonf/ xdpk rD u
H ed ;f udk wuov
kd af umifpo
D Ykd wifjy&m rNyD;rjywfjzpfc&hJ mrS 1957 ck? azazmf0g&D (7) &ufaeYwiG f
usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;yg0ifaom tzGJUi,fwckudk zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/ xdk
tzGJUi,ffrS wuopDrHudef;udk tajcjyKNyD; tao;pdwfa&;qGJ wifjycJh&m ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS vufcHtwnfjyKjyD;
jzpfayonf/ ,ckEpS f ausmif;aqmiftoD;oD;wGif ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfa&; tzGUJ i,fuav; zGUJ pnf;um tkycf sKyf&awmhrnfjzpf
&m pwifvkyfaqmifMu&efyif Sdayawmhonf/
ausmif;aqmifwikd ;f wGif tkycf sKyfa&;tzGUJ rsm; zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfciG hf &SNd yD;jzpfaomfvnf; wuorS arQmfreS ;f cJo
h nfh
twdkif; jynfhpHkaom udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhum; r&ao;ay/ ,ck&Sdxm;onfrSm udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhwGif ta&;BuD;aom
tpdwt
f ydik ;f w&yfjzpfonf/ pDraH qmifu
G cf iG hf (Management) udo
k m &Sx
d m;jcif;jzpfay&m qufvuf vH;k 0ud,
k yf ikd f
tkyfcsKyfcGifh &Sdonftxd aqmifGufoGm;&ef vdktyfayonf/
3/
wuodkvfwGif axmufyHhaMu;rsm;ay;cJh&mrS 1954-55 ckESpfurS tpjyKum &yfqdkif;xm;cJhayonf/ odkY
&yfqdkif;xm;cJh&mrS axmufyHhaMu;rsm; qufvufay;&ef awmif;qdk&mwGif rltm;jzifh vufcHaomfvnf; EdkifiHawmf
tpdk;&xHrS ray;ojzifh r&Sd jzpfaeayonf/ odkYtwGuf axmufyHhaMu;&Sda&;ESifh ywfoufNyD; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&xHwGif
awmif;qdkum qufvufta&;qdk wdkufyGJ0if&rnfjzpfayonf/
4/
ausmif;om;pm;aomufqdkif (Student Canteen) zGifhvSpfa&;twGuf wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf yxr
tqifhtjzpf pmtkyfpmwrf; ausmif;okH;y&dabm* a&mif;csonfhqdkifwckrS pwif&ef &nfG,fcJhaomfvnf; t&if;tESD;
rwnfa&;ESifh ywfouf tcuftcJ awGUcJh&ayonf/ t&if;tESD;rwnfEdkif&eftwGuf tpkS,f,mrsm; ac:qdkum
or0g,rtjzpf wnfaxmifrnf qdkyguvnf; pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm; &Sd&ef vdktyfygojzifh qufvuf raqmifGufEdkif
ao;bJ &yfqdkif;xm;cJh&ayonf/
5/
1952- 53 ckESpfrSp wESpfwBudrfusif;ycJhaom wuodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmfudk wwd,tBudrf tjzpfjzifh
1956 ck? 'DZifbmv (20-21) &ufaeYrsm;wGif wuodkvfe,fajr NcdrfhNcdrfhoJ usif;yEdkifcJhayonf/
ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;rdwfaqGjzpfa&;
,Ofaus;rIjrifhwifa&;
ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;
Nidrf;csrf;a&;
-[laom &nf,
G cf sufjzifh usif;yjyKvkycf jhJ cif;jzpf&m ausmif;aqmifrsm;? vlrsKd;pkrsm;\ ulnrD u
I kd trsm;tjym;
&SdcJhayonf/
6/
1954-55 ckEpS rf S tpjyK usi;f ycJah om wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pkH awGUqkaH qG;aEG;rIukd rEav;wuov
kd f
ausmif;om;rsm;or*? rauG;Oypmaumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;or*? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;or*wYkd EiS hf
ndE idI ;f aqG;aEG; oabmwlncD suft& rEav;NrdKU? aTref;wuov
kd ?f abm*aA'cef;raqmifwiG f 1957 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&Dv
(19-20-21) &ufaeYrsm; wwd,tBudrfajrmuf awGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD; xajrmufatmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifcJhayonf/
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*? rEav;wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyaf usmif;om;
rsm;or*rsm;? &efuek ?f rEav;aq;odyo
H r*? pdu
k yf sKd;a&;r[mXmeor*? xD;wef;? &efuif;aumvdyf ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ
rsm;tjyif ausmif;om;nDw
G af &;wyfO;D ? ausmif;om;&Jacgif? rEav;wuov
kd f 'Dtufpt
f pkd onfh ausmif;om;tiftm;pk
rsm;ESihf toif;tzGUJ aygif; (43) zGUJ rS ud,
k pf m;vS,af ygif; (82) a,mufEiS hf avhvmolaygif; (48) a,muf wufa&mufcahJ y
onf/
xdkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif wuodkvfrsm;? aumvdyfrsm;? r[mXmersm;\ tajctaersm;udk wifjytpD&ifcHMuNyD;
vQif epfemcsurf sm;udk azmfxw
k Ef ikd cf ahJ yonf/ ausmif;om;jyemrsm;udk tMurf;rzufbJ at;csr;f pGm awGUqkaH jzSi;f ay;
&ef Edik if aH wmftpd;k &odYk yefMum;vTmwapmifEiS hf 'kw,
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pkH awGUqkaH qG;aEG;yGBJ uD;rS
xkwfjyefcJhaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;yefMum;vTmudkvnf; xyfrHtwnfjyKcJh ayonf/
7/
,aeYwuodkvfESifh Armjynfw0Srf;wGif wnfSdaeaom ynma&;pepfonf e,fcsJUacwfu a&;qGJxm;aom
ynma&;pepfjzpfay&m vGwv
f yfaomArmEdik if EH iS hf vk;H 0rudu
k n
f aD y/ vufydS nma&;pepfBuD;wckv;Hk udk jyKjyif ajymif;vJ
&ef vdktyfvmNyD[k ,lqojzifh ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf jzpfajrmufEdkif&eftwGuf
wuo trIaqmiftzGJUonf aqmifGufcJhayonf/ yxrtqifhtaejzifh ynma&;wwfuRrf;olrsm;? q&mrsm;xHodkY
ynma&;jyKjyif ajymif;vJa&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf pmrsm;ay;ydkYum tMuHPf awmif;cHcJhayonf/
527
wuodkvfynma&;pkHprf;rIaumfrSif tpD&ifcHpm xGufay:vmaom tcgwGifvnf; xdktpD&ifcHpmtwGuf
oabmxm; xkwfjyefcJhayonf/ xdkaMunmcsufwGif ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf ynma&;Xme udk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;? ynma&;uRrf;usifolrsm;? ausmif;om;? q&m? rdb udk,fpm;vS,frsm; tygt0if ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;w&yf
usif;yjyKvkyf&ef wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfcJhayonf/
odkY EId;aqmfcJhonfhtwGufvnf; wuodkvfynma&;pkHprf;rIaumfrSif tpD&ifcHpmudk wdkif;jynfodkY xkwfjyef
aMunmum tMuHPfrsm; xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk jynfolvlxkxHrS awmif;cHcJh&ayonf/ EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf\
av;ESpfpDrHudef; a&;qGJ&mwGifyifvQif ynma&;ESifhywfouf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ r[kwfaomfvnf; tzGJUzGJUum EdkifiHjcm;rS
yg&*lrsm;udk ac:,lum tMuHPfrsm; awmif;,lcJh&ayonf/ onfyifvQif ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf
awGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJjzpfEdkif&ef vrf;pay:NyD[k ,lqrdayonf/
8/
EdkifiHwumwuodkvfrsm;odkY &efukefwuodkvfq&m? ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU apvTwfa&;udk t"du
vkyif ef;pOftjzpf csrSwcf ahJ omfvnf; raqmifu
G Ef ikd cf ahJ cs/ uvuwm;wuov
kd f ESpw
f &mjynfah jrmufyaJG wmfoYkd &efuek f
wuodkvfrS tm;upm;toif; apvTwfcJh&m wuorS tultnDay;cJhonf/
9/
tmS-tmz&du ausmif;om;abmyGJw&yf &efukefjrdKU usif;ya&;udk tif'dkeD;Sm;jynf? befa'gif;jrdKU usif;y
aom ]tmS-tmz&duausmif;om;nDvmcHBu;D } Armjynf ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifh wifoGif;cJhjcif;jzpf\/ wuodkvf
tm;upm;aumifpD wifjyaqG;aEG;cJ&h mwGif jzpfajrmufEikd &f ef tm;ay;cJ\
h / odYk aomf tquftoG,jf yKvkyf ndE idI ;f &efyif
rvG,u
f v
l o
S jzifh atmifjrifpmG raqmifu
G Ef ikd cf ahJ y/ ,d;k ',m;Edik if H ausmif;om;rsm;rS abmvk;H toif;woif; vma&muf
upm;&ef csed ;f qdck ahJ omfvnf; atmifqef;tm;upm;uGi;f wGif rtm;rvyf jzpfaeaomaMumifh urf;vSr;f csuu
f kd jiif;y,fchJ
&ayonf/
wuo trIaqmiftzGJUonf usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJ aMunmcJhaom t"duvkyfief;BuD; (9) &yfudk taumif
txnfay:&ef aqmifu
G cf &hJ mwGif txuf tpD&ifccH o
hJ nft
h wdik ;f atmifjrifco
hJ nfrsm;vnf; Scd \
hJ / atmifjrifEikd af &;
twGuf tajccHrsm;&EdkifcJhonfvnf; Sd\/ ratmifjrifao;onfh tcsufrsm;vnf; SdcJhaMumif;udkvnf; azmfjyvdkuf&ay
onf/
tcef; (4)
tjcm;vkyfaqmifcJhaom vkyfief;rsm;
1/
1956 ck? atmufwb
dk mv (19) &ufwiG f Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u txufwef;ausmif;rsm;ESihf tv,fwef;ausmif;
rsm;Sdor*rsm;udk &ufaygif; (30) twGif; zsufodrf;ay;&rnf? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ausmif;rsm;wGif q&mBuD;rsm; zGJUpnf;
xm;onfh ausmif;aumifpDrSwyg; tjcm;toif;tzGJUrsm; rzGJUpnf;&[k xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/
or*rsm;zsuo
f rd ;f cdik ;f jcif;? ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;Hk \ tcGit
hf a&; ydwyf ifwm;qD;krH Qru Edik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;ykH
tajccHpnf;rsOf; Oya'wGifygSdaom 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udkyg ydwfyifwm;qD;onfh trdefYjzpfjcif;aMumifh wuorS
uefYuGufcJhayonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS BuD;rSL;onfh 1956 ck? Edk0ifbmv (15) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom
or*zsufodrf;rI uefYuGufqEjyyGJodkY wuorS wufa&mufyg0ifcJhonf/ 1956 ck 'DZifbmv (13) &ufaeYwGifvnf;
wuodkvfe,fajr (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;? or*zsufodrf;a&;trdefY uefYuGufa&;twGuf ausmif;r
wufbJ qEjyoydwfarSmufum ulnDwdkufyGJ0ifcJhayonf/ xdkqEjyoydwfarSmufyGJwGif ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD;?
ausmif;om;&Jacgif? oefYSif;? ausmif;om;a&;&m paom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;ESifhwuG ausmif;om;xkw&yfvkH;
nDGwfpGm yg0ifqEjyrIaMumifh qEjyoydwfonf atmifjrifcJhayonf/
2/
'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf wuodkvfaygif;pkH ajy;ckefupm;yGJudk 1956 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (17-18) &ufaeYrsm;wGif
rEav;wuodkvf usif;ycJhayonf/ xdkajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;udk &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*? rEav;
wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS OD;pD;usif;ycJh&m tm;upm;orm;
aygif; (100) eD;yg;cefY yg0ifqifETJcJhMuayonf/
3/
1957 ckEpS ?f arv wuov
kd f jyefvnfrzGiv
hf pS rf D ausmif;aqmifrsm; rvkaH vmufrEI iS yhf wfouf wuorS
BudKwifjyifqifxm;yg&ef xkwjf yefaMunmcJah vonf/ xkYd aemuf wuov
kd f jyefvnfziG v
hf pS af omtcgwGif ausmif;om;
aygif; (300) eD;yg; ausmif;aqmifcef;rsm; r&Sdojzifh wuorS ,m,Dtm;jzifh wcef;ESpfa,mufxm; ajzSif;&efESifh
ausmif;aqmifrsm; aqmufvkyf&ef awmif;qkdcJh&m ,m,Dtm;jzifh wcef;ESpfa,mufxm; ajzSif;rIudk &SdcJhayonf/
4/
ZGefv wuodkvfpmar;yGJrsm; ajzqdkaepOftwGif; wkwfauG;a&m*g ysHUESHYvmojzifh ausmif;om;rsm; wkwfauG;
528

a&m*g pGJuyfcJhayonf/ odkYpGJuyfrIaMumifh pmar;yGJajza&;wGif taESmifht,Sufjzpfvmojzifh wuorS oGm;a&muf
awGUqkHum aq;kHwGif ae&mcsxm;Edkifa&;? vufawGUpmar;yGJrsm; aeY&ufajymif;vJEdkifa&;? rdrdwdkYae&mwGif ajzqdkEdkifa&;
wdkYtwGuf aqmifGufay;cJhonf/
5/
xrif;a<u;usefojzifh pmar;yGrJ ajzqd&k onfh udpr sm;? pmar;yG0J ifaMu; &ufaTUqdik ;f a&;udpr pS tao;pdwf
udprsm;udk wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf ay:aygufvmvQif csufcsif;yif ta&;,l aqmifGufcJhayonf/
tcef;(5)
txdrf;trSwfaehrsm; usif;yjcif;
1/ urmhausmif;om;rsm;aeh /
/ Edk0ifbm (17) &ufaeYonf urmYausmif;om;rsm;aeY jzpfayonf/ 17? 11? 56
&ufaeYwGif usif;y&efjzpfaomfvnf; wefaqmifwdkifyGJawmfESifh wdkufqdkifaeojzifh urmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYudk &uf
owywf aemufqkH;aeY 23? 11? 56 &ufaeYwGif wuodkvftm;upm;kHESifh or*Mum; jrufcif;jyifwGif ausmif;ol?
ausmif;om;rsm; yg0ifonfh uyGJrsm; wcrf;wem; usif;yjyKvkyfcJhayonf/
2/ trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeh / / (36) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYudk wuoonf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uo
wdYk EiS hf yl;aygif;OD;pD;um &efuek Nf rdKU? ql;avbk&m;vrf;? tvkyo
f rm;ausmufwikd f usif;yjyKvkycf &hJ m ausmif;om;aygif;
ajrmufrsm;pGm wufa&mufcJhNyD;vQif trsKd;om;a&;tqdkESifh ynma&;tqdkrsm;udk qkH;jzwfcJhMuayonf/
3/ ausmif;om;aeh /
/ (18) Budrfajrmufausmif;om;aeYudk wuoonf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh yl;
aygif;um ql;avbk&m;vrf;? tvkyform;ausmufwdkif 21? 12? 56 &ufaeY? nae (4) em&DwGif usi;f ycJah yonf/
ausmif;om;tcGit
hf a&;? ausmif;om;vdv
k m;csurf sm;ESihf ywfoufaomtqdrk sm;udk qk;H jzwfcMhJ uayonf/
4/ udkvdkeDpepfqefhusifa&;aeh /
/ 1946 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (21) &ufaeYwGif tdEd,a&wyfrawmfrS rsKd;cspfvl
i,frsm;u NAdwo
d Qe,fcsUJ orm;udk ajymifajrmufpmG awmfveS w
f u
kd cf u
kd cf jhJ cif;? 1947 ckEpS ?f azazmf0g&Dv (21) &ufaeYwiG f
tD*spfjynftm; odr;f ydu
k x
f m;onfh NAdwo
d Qe,fcsJUorm;rsm;tm; qefYusifwu
kd cf u
kd cf o
hJ nfukd taMumif;jyK udv
k ekd pD epf
tm; qefYusifwdkufcdkufaeMuaom vli,fausmif;om;rsm;ESifh aoG;pnf;nDGwfrIudk jyoaom urmYwdkufyGJaeYBuD;[l
owfrSwfcJhMuonfhtm;avQmfpGm udkvdkeDqefYusifa&;aeYudk vli,fausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;um wuo
cef;r usif;ycJhayonf/
tcef;(6)
taxGaxG
tdk;a0r*Zif;udk ,ckESpf wuo oufwrf;rukefqkH;rD xkwfa0Edkif&ef tdk;a0r*Zif;aumfrwDrS BudK;yrf;aqmif
GufcJhayonf/ odkYaomf pmrlrsm;udk 1957 ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGifrS awmif;cHcJh&aomaMumifh pmrlrsm; vkHavmufpGm
r&Sad y/ pmrlrsm;r&Sjd cif;aMumifh ku
d Ef ydS af eqJrmS yif &yfxm;cJ&h jcif;? pmrlrsm;&rS xyfrH u
dk Ef ydS af e&jcif;wdYk ukd jyKvkyaf e&
ojzifh r*Zif;xGuaf y:a&;rSm aESmifah ES;vsufadS yonf/ ,ckEpS f wuoaG;aumufyrJG wdik rf D r*Zif;xGuEf ikd &f ef BudK;yrf;
vsufSdayonf/
&Jabmfw-hkd
1957 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (9) &ufaeY Ou|opf usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJ NyD;aemufrS ,aeYxd (9) vwmrQaom
umvtwGi;f 0,f wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ onf ausmif;om;xkrS wm0eftyfEiS ;f vdu
k o
f nfEiS t
hf nD aqmifu
G cf ahJ yonf/
odkYaqmifGuf&mwGif atmifjrifonfhtcsufrsm;? atmifjrifEdkif&ef vrf;pSdonfhtcsufrsm;? ratmifjrifao;onfh
tcsufrsm; SdcJhayonf/
wuo\ aqmifu
G cf ahJ omvkyif ef;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; nDn
D w
G
f w
G Ef iS hf yl;aygif;aqmifu
G rf aI Mumifh
atmifjrifcJh&jcif; jzpfayonf/ txl;ojzifh (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf tpmiwfcHqEjyyGJwGif
yg0ifMuaom ausmif;om;rsm;? wyfO;D ? &JacgiftpSad om ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;tm; wuorS csD;usL;*kPjf yKaMumif;
rSwfwrf;wifSdayonf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfESifh or*zsufodrf;a&; uefYuGufaom ausmif;w&ufrwuf qEjy
oydwaf rSmufyw
JG iG f yg0ifMuaom ausmif;om;rsm;? ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm; yg0ifMuonfh wdu
k yf aJG umfrwDEiS hf tif*sif
eD,m? aq;odyHausmif;om;or*wdkYtm; wuorS csD;usL;*kPfjyKaMumif; rSwfwrf;wif Sdayonf/
ausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD; atmifjrifa&;twGuf tzufzufrS ulnDMuaom tvSLSifrsm;? yg0ifqifETJMuaom
529
vlrsKd;pk ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tif;vsm;? &wem? rmvm? oD&d? wDwDpD? aq;odyHausmif;olrsm;? ausmif;om;
rsm;ESifh tzufzufwGif BudK;yrf;Muaom ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;tm; wuorS aus;Zl;wifSdygaMumif;/
uJhodkY ausmif;om;xk\ yl;aygif;rIaMumifh BuD;rm;aomatmifjrifrIudk &Sdonfhtwdkif; aSUwGifvnf;
ausmif;om;xk w&yfvkH;onf wuo\tvHawmfatmufrS wnDwGwfwnf; yl;aygif;aqmifGufMu&ef wdkufwGef;
vdkufygaMumif;/
ykH
(ausmfjrifU)
'k-Ou|
wuo
aumvdyaf ygi;f pHak qG;aEG;yJw

G iG f &[ef;wyg; rdechf eG ;f >rwfMum;aeyHk
530
OD;pode;f [ef
(1956-57)
ajrmif;jrcdik ?f tdrrf NJ rKdUe,f BuKdUuke;f GmwGif arG;zGm;onf/ u&if trsKd;om;wOD; jzpfonf/ 1954-55 ckEpS w
f iG f
&efukefwuodkvfodkY a&mufSdum ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1955-56 ckESpf wuo 'k-Ou|tjzpf aG;aumuf
wifajrmufjcif;cH&? 1956-57 ckEpS w
f iG f wuo Ou|jzpfvmonf/
1955-56 ckESpfwGif (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk usifhoHk;&m ausmif;om;trsm;tjym; ynmqufvufoif
Mum;cGirhf &bJ ausmif;rS xGucf mG oGm;cJ&h onf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epf zsuford ;f a&;twGuf wuov
kd w
f iG f
pwdoydwfarSmufjcif;? tpmiwfcH qEjyjcif;rsm; jyKcJh? wuodkvfaumifpDrS (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfESifh
(66) &mcdik Ef eI ;f ausmif;wuf&ufrsm;twGuf pHpk rf;a&;aumfrwD zGUJ pnf;cJo
h nf/
wwd,tBudraf jrmuf wuov
kd af usmif;om;yGaJ wmfBuD;udk crf;em;pGm usi;f yEdik cf \
hJ / OD;pode;f [efonf u&ifa&;
&mtusKd;aqmiftzGUJ twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmifu
G v
f sufo
dS nf/ Armhwyfrawmf ynma&;ESihf pdw"f gwfa&;&m
TefMum;Xme vufaxmuft&mSd (pdwf"mwfa&;) wOD;vnf; jzpfonf/
rEav;aumvdyw
f iG f usi;f yaom aumvdyaf usmif;aygi;f pHak qG;aEG;yJrG S obmywdEiS Uf twGi;f a&;rSL;rsm;tzJYG
531
tcef; (20)
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif
(1957 rS 1958)
(u) 1957-58 wuoaG;aumufyJG
rnfou
Yl kd rJxnfv
U u
kd yf goenf;
532
1957-58 ckESpf wuoaG;aumufyGJ tBudwfte,f

NydKifMuonf/ wyfOD;ESifh 'DtufpftdkwjzpfvJ toif;0ifrsm; qdk
S,fvpfygwD tEG,fa[mif;rsm;ESifh wyfOD;rSzGJU&oltcsKdUudk pk
pnf; &Jacgiftrnfjzifh 0ifa&muf ,SOfNydKifMuonf/ wuo
aG;aumufyw
JG iG f rEav;wuov
kd f aq;ynmr[mXmetwGuf
rJy;kH oGm;a&mufxm;ay;&onf/ wuoonf rEav;wuov
kd f
rS aq;ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf w&m;0ifudk,fpm;jyK&ef jzpf
onf/ xdktcsdefu wuodkvfonf ynma&;0efBuD;Xme vuf
atmufcH tzGJUtpnf;r[kwfyg/ &efukefwuodkvfonf tpdk;&
taxmuftyHh vGwfvyfaomtzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf/ &efukef
wuodkvf\ tjrifhqHk;tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;rSm wuodkvf
aumifpjD zpfonf/ uGejf rLepfrsm;? qdk ,
S v
f pfrsm;? vuf0aJ usmif;
om;rsm;? olyek u
f ,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;[k pGypf t
JG rnfwyfjcif;cH&aom
wyfOD;ESifh tmPm& zqyv qdkS,fvpfygwDrS ausmaxmuf
aemufcjH yKxm;aom &JacgifwYkd \ NydKifyjJG zpfonf/ owif;pmrsm;
uvnf; xdak G;aumufyo
JG wif;ESihf "gwfyrkH sm;udo
k m tom;ay;
xnfMh uonf/ uGejf rLepf olyek u
f ,
dk pf m;vS,rf sm;[k trnfwyf
jcif;rSm wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;twGuf xda&mufaom acwfrD
aom pGyfpGJcsuf r[kwfawmhyg/ aG;aumufyGJ rJa&wGufaom
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif

nwGif &JacgifEiS hf wyfO;D &Jabmfrsm; vIYH aqmfa<u;aMumfvn
S v
hf nf&if; rmvmaqmifaSUwGif &ifqikd rf u
d m y#dyujzpfvek ;D
jzpfcJhonf/ wuodkvfaG;aumufyGJonf ausmif;om;aG;aumufyGJom jzpfonf/ xdktcsdef wuodkvf toif;tzGJU
ajrmufrsm;pGm SdaeMuygonf/
Union Student Association (U.S.A)? wuokdvfvli,f? S.S.W.C (Student Social and Welfare
Council)? ausmif;om;a&;&m? ausmif;om;ppf (S.O.F)? wyfOD;? &Jacgif? ausmif;om;aSUaqmif? ocifqkdNyD; rsKd;pkH
Sdaeayonf/
(c) wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ (1957- 58)

1/ ukdpkd;odef;
2/ ukdpD
3/ ukdodef;Sef
4/ ukdcifarmiftkef;
5/ ukdcifarmifBuD;
6/ apmwmomuvm;
7/ ukdcifatmif
8/ ukdatmifxGef;
9/ armifukd,k
10/ ukdPf&if
11/ ukdatmifomausmf
Ou|
'k-Ou|
aiGxdef;
EkdifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL;
,Ofaus;rIESifh upm;ckefpm;XmerSL;
oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;
tkd;a0r*Zif;wm0efcH
pmMunfhwkdufrSL;
aumifpD /
/ wuokdvftmPmykdifqkH;tzGJUjzpfonf/ r[mXmerSL;rsm;? bGJU&jyD;olrsm;\ ukd,fpm;vS,f?
vTwaf wmf (2) &yf uk,
d pf m;vS,?f t"dywdcefYu,
kd pf m;vS,?f wuoud,
k pf m;vS,Ef iS hf ausmif;q&mtoif; ud,
k pf m;vS,f
wkdY yg0ifonf/ wuokdvfwckvkH;\ tkyfcsKyfa&;qkdif&mukd MuD;Muyf\/
qD;edwf /
/ aumifpD\ vufatmufwGif qD;edwfSd\/ ygarmursm;ESifh aumifpDrScefYaom ukd,fpm;vnfwkdY
yg0ifonf/ ynmoifMum;a&;ESifh ywfouf aqmifGufvkyfukdif\/
wuo /
/ ausmif;om;xkykdif tzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf/ wuokdvftufOya't& wckwnf;aom w&m;0if
ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf; jzpfonf/ 1931 ckESpfrS pwifwnfaxmifcJhonf/ ausmif;om;ta&;omru jrefrmwrsdK;
om;vkH;\ ta&;ukdyg aqmifGufcJh\/
ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD /
/ taqmifrSL;rsm;? r[mXmerSL;rsm;? wuoukd,fpm;vnfwkdY yg0if ausmif;aqmif
ESifh ywfouforQukd vkyfukdifaqmifGufMuonf/
(*) wuoOu| ukpd ;dk ode;f usr;f opmused q

f ydk JG rdecf eG ;f
usrf;opmusdefqkdyGJwGif 0g' (3) &yfukd ajymMum;cJhonf/
(1) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhrm;aom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0
om,majzmifhjzL;a&;/
(2) ausmif;om;nDnGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;jyemwkdif;wGif aqmifGufvkdaom
ausmif;om; tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmifGufa&;/
(3) Nidr;f csr;f pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xde;f odr;f jriw
hf ifa&;ESihf ausmif;om;tcsi;f csi;f &if;ES;D pGm
aygif;oif;qufqHa&;/
xkdYtjyif-
rSwfcsuf- apmwmomuvm; [k rl&if;wGifaygif;xm;aomfvnf; pmvHk;aygif;trSefrSm apma';Apfwmouv,fjzpf ,cktcg

533
u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;tHk;wGif A[dkaumfrwD0ifwOD;jzpfaom apma';Apfoufuay:jzpfonf/
1/ EkdifiHawmftpkd;&ESifh ausmif;om;xkMum;Sd wif;rmrIrsm; aysmufatmifvkyfaqmif&ef?
2/ vufSdwuoMuD;\ tcef;u@ukd ykdrkdjrifhrm;atmifvkyfaqmifoGm;&ef?
3/ wuodkvfrSmSdaewJh vufSd ynma&;pepfBuD;[m rvdkvm;tyfwJhtwGuf jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkY wdkufwGef;
aqmifGufoGm;&ef?
4/ q&m? ausmif;om; yl;wGJnDGwfpGm vkyfaqmifoGm;a&;udkaSUI&ef?
5/ ,aeY ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; awGUMuHKcHpm;ae&wJh tusyftwnf;trsKd;rsKd;? jyemtrsKd;rsKd;rS vGwf
ajrmufa&;udk ausmif;om;xknDGwfa&;? ausmif;om;xkqEjzifh vkyfaqmifoGm;&efwdkY jzpfonf/
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifhywfouf oabmxm;rSm]]uRefawmfwdkY wuotaeeJYawmh ausmif;om;xk tusKd;SdrJhvkyfief;awGudk tpdk;&uvkyfvkyf? b,foluyJ
vkyv
f yk f axmufct
H m;ay; ulno
D mG ;rSm jzpfygw,f/ ausmif;om;xktcGit
hf a&; tusKd;aus;Zl;udk xdyg;vm&if b,forl
qdk ckcu
H muG,o
f mG ;rSm jzpfygw,f/ uRefawmf[m tpd;k &vkyx
f m;wJh tvkyw
f ikd ;f udk rsufprd w
Sd Nf yD; usm;usm; rD;,yfqw
kd hJ
oabmeJY twdu
k t
f cHrvkycf o
hJ vdk tpd;k &vkyw
f ikd ;f udv
k nf; ykwo
f ifnKd vdk acgif;ndwEf ikd rf ,f r[kwyf gbl;/ ckeuwifjycJh
ovdkyJ ausmif;om;xk tusKd;Sd? rdSqdkwJh rSwfausmufay:rSm wifNyD;ppfaq;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ tckaecgrSm uRefawmf
wdkY wuo&JU tBuD;rm;qHk;qdk&r,fh qEwcku EdkifiHawmftpdk;&eJY ausmif;om;or*awGMum;rSm SdaewJhwif;rmrIudk
at;at;csr;f csr;f enf;awGeYJ ajzSi;f vdw
k hJ qEjzpfygw,f/ 'Dvq
kd Ew
dS mudk jzpfajrmufatmif aqmifu
G &f mrSm wOD;eJYwOD;
oabmxm;rSefrSefuefuefeJY SdzdkYtcsuffudk tkwfjrpfcs&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'Dtkwfjrpfcs&mrSmvnf; wOD;udkwOD;u ysufqD;ap
aMumif; MuHpnfvyk af eorQawmh t&mxifvrd rhf ,f r[kwyf gbl;/ qdv
k &kd if;rSm wuov
kd t
f mPmydik ef YJ tpd;k &u bmvkyf
vkyf twdkuftcHvkyfrnfr[kwfbJ Nidrf;csrf;a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifh ausmif;om;xktusKd;jzpfygu axmufcHvnf;
aumif;? yl;aygif;vnf;aumif; aqmifGufoGm;rnf jzpfaMumif; oabmxm;udk aMunmcJhygw,f}}
tqdkygoabmxm;udk udkpdk;odef;u xkwfazmfcJhjcif;tusKd;qufrSm 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek\ tMuHay;t&mSd OD;tHk;
onf &efukefwuodkvf t*FvdyfpmXmewGif enf;jyvkyfaeaom udkatmifausmf (b0opftvGwfynmoifausmif;) rS
wqifh udkpdk;odef;udkawGU&ef pum;urf;vSrf;vmonf/ xdkYaemuf OD;tHk;ESifh udkpdk;odef; awGUqHk&mwGif tusKd;qufrSm(u) 0efBuD;csKyfonf uRefawmfwdkY wou trIaqmiftzGJUwzGJUvHk;udk if;\kH; tpnf;ta0;cef;odkY
zdwfMum;um tpdk;&tzGJUtaejzifh ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrItwGuf &nfG,faqmifGufaeaom tcsuf
rsm;udk Sif;jyonf/
(c) jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhywfouf awmxJrSuGefjrLepfygwD udk,fpm;vS,fa&mufaeaMumif;ESifh typf
tcwf&yfpJa&;twGuf qufoG,faqG;aEG;aMumif; Sif;jyonf/
(8) wuou OD;aqmifum wuodkvfSduseftoif;tzGJUrsm;ESifh ndEIdif;aqG;aEG; rdrdwdkYxHwifjyvdkaom
tcsufrsm;udk wifjya&;twGuf wuotoif;tzGJU udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh awGUqHkyGJvkyfvdkaMumif; Sif;jy
onf/
(C) 1957-58 ckEpS f wuovIyf mS ;rI? pwkwt

Burd f wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygi;f pHak qG;aEG;yGBJ u;D
wuorS OD;aqmif ausmif;om;rsm; ynmoifMum;rI tcGit
hf a&;udk ydwyf ifaejcif;jzpfaom (3) cguspepfukd
uefYuGufaomtaejzifh oifwef;XmetoD;oD;wGif qEjyoydwfarSmufcJhMuonf/
pwkwtBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfESfh wuodkvfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJudk wuodkvf? aumvdyfor*rsm;ESifh ndEIdif;
1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (28-29) &ufaeYrsm;wGif armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf tpnf;ta0;cef;rBuD;wGif wuo? rwuo?
Auo? rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*wdkY OD;pD; usif;ycJh&m &efukefaq;odyHor*? rEav;aq;odyH
or*? &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? &efukefESifh rEav;wuodkvf toD;oD;rS ausmif;om;tzGJU
udk,fpm;vS,frsm; toif;tzGJU (44) zGJUwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,fESifh avhvmolaygif; (126) a,muf wufa&mufMuonf/
('k) ESifh (w) tBudrf wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif xkwfjyefcJhaom jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf
tpdk;&ESifhawmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkwdkY ESpfzufrsufESmcsif;qdkif awGUqHkajzSif;jcif;jzifh jynfwGif;ppfrD;udk Nidrf;owf&ef
arwm&yfcHaom yefMum;vTmwapmif xkwfjyefonf/ ausmif;om;xktm; 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&; jyefvnfay;tyfa&;?
EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfudk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;pD;usif;ya&;? jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;topf
jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;? urmYwif;rmrI avsmhyg;a&;twGuf tNydKiftqdkifvufeufwyfqifrIrsm;? tEkjrLvufeuf
534

prf;oyfazmufcGJjcif;rsm; rjyKvkyf&efESifh vufeufppfonftiftm; avQmhaygha&;vkyfief;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;vkyfudkifaqmif
GufMu&ef arwm&yfcHonfh aMunmpmwrf;udk aqG;aEG;yGJrS xkwfjyefonf/
aeYpGJ -11? 1? 58
pmtrSwf- yc-0114^58
odhk
wuodkvfaumifpD
rS-wqifU^ ygarmucsKyf
&efukefwuodkvf
taMumif;t&m /
/ pwkwtBudrfajrmuf wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJrS awmif;qdkcsufrsm;tm;

ta&;,l aqmifGufay;yg&ef wifjyawmif;qdkjcif;/
cifAsm;wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyt
f oD;oD;rS or*u,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;? toif;tzGUJ ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf pwkwt
Budrf
ajrmuf wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk armfvNrdKifNrdKU? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf taqmuf
tOD 28? 12? 57 &ufaeYrS 29? 12? 57 &ufaeYtxd usif;ycJhygonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJ wuodkvfESifhaumvdyf
toD;oD;rS ausmif;om;b0 tajctaersm;? cHpm;csufrsm;ESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwfaqG;aEG;cJhygonf/
xdkaqG;aEG;yGJrS yl;wGJazmfjyyg wuodkvfESifhaumvdyftoD;oD;twGuf vdktyfaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wifjyaqG;
aEG;um wnDGwfwnf; twnfjyKcJhygonf/ odkYyg xdkawmif;qdkcsufrsm;tm; oufqdkif&mrS tjrefqHk;ta&;,l
aqmifGufay;yg&ef av;eufpGmarwm&yfcH wifjyawmif;qdktyfygonf/
qHk;jzwfcsuft&
av;pmpGmjzifh
(cifarmiftkef;)
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (wuo)
pwkwt
Burd af jrmuf wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygi;f pHak wGUqHak qG;aEG;yGBJ u;D
&efukefwuodkvftwGuf &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS
wifjyaqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJUaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
tydkif; (u) ynma&;tqdkrsm;
1/
vufSdynma&;pepfBuD;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ&eftwGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;pD;um EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ynma&;
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf usif;yay;&ef (EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf
wuo\ wifjycsufudk yl;wGJay;ydkUvdkufygonf/)
2/
(u) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk vHk;0zsufodrf;ay;&ef?
(c) ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfrSirf S a&;qGrJ nfh ynma&;pDru
H ed ;f topfay:rvmrDtwGi;f (3) cgus ausmif;xkwf
pepftm; avmavmq,f zsufodrf;xm;&ef?
3/
wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyrf sm;wGif ynma&;qdik &f m Edik if jH cm;tultnD vufc&H m oufqikd &f mausmif;om;or*
rsm;odkY BudKwiftoday; ndEIdif;aqmifGuf&ef?
4/
Armjynf oifah wmfaom NrdKUBuD;rsm;wGif Oyrm- ykord ?f Sr;f jynfwYkd wiG f Oypmaumvdyrf sm; wd;k csJUzGiv
hf pS af y;
&efESifh ,ckzGifhvSpfNyD;aom aumvdyfrsm;? Oyrm- ausmufjzL ponfwdkYudk acwfrDaomtaqmuftODESifh
oufqdkif&mypnf;rsm; tjynfhtpHkxm;Sday;&ef?
5/
wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;twGuf oHk;pGJaiGudk tvHktavmuf wdk;jrifhoHk;pGJay;&ef?
6/
&yfqdkif;xm;aom axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk tjrefjyefvnfxkwfay;&ef?
535
7/
8/
pmoifcef;rsm; rvHkavmufrIwdkYudk tjrefqHk;ajzSif;ay;&ef?

wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;Sd Xmetvdkuf qdkif&mpmMunfhwdkufrsm;twGuf wdk;csJUzGifhvSpf vdktyfaom
pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; tjynfhtpHkvHkavmufpGm xm;Sday;&ef/
tydkif; (c) 'Drdkua&pDa&;tqdkrsm;

9/
Armjynfw0Srf;vHk;wGif ausmif;om;or*rsm; zsufodrf;xm;jcif;udk kyfodrf; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhjyK&ef?
10/
zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;vTwf ausmif;xkwfxm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tjrefqHk;
ausmif;0ifcGifhESifh pmar;yGJajzqdkcGifh jyK&ef?
11/
wuodkvfESifh aumvdyfwdkif;wGif atmufwdkbmausmif; wvydwfay;&ef/
tydkif; (*) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;tqdk
12/
wuodkvfESifh aumvdyfwGif aq;kHwckpDxm;dS vHkavmufaom ypnf;u&d,mESifh q&m0efrsm;
cefYxm;ay;&ef?
13/
ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGuf ae&yfXmeodkYjyefaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u _
___________/
tydkif; (C) taxGaxGtqdkrsm;
14/
wuodkvfwGif q&mrsm; rvHkravmufjzpfaeaom tcsdefjzpfojzifh touf (60) ausmfNyD;aom q&mrsm;
qufvuf trIxrf;EdkifpGrf;Sdygu tNidrf;pm;ray;bJ qufvufcefYxm;&ef?
15/
&efukefwuodkvfwGif bmom&yfqdkif&mrsm; vG,fulpGm 0,f,lEdkifaom pmtkyfrsm;udkom jy|mef;&efESifh
pmtkyfrsm; aps;EIef;BuD;jcif;udk oufomacsmifcsdpGmjzifh 0,f,lEdkif&ef oufqdkif&mwdkYu aqmifGufay;&ef?
16/
aeYausmif;om;ôlrsm;em;aecef; (G.C.R) ESihf (L.C.R) rsm;udk o[m,ESihf pmzwfcef;rsm;uJo
h Ykd ausmif;om;
OD;a&ESifhtnD jynfhpHkvHkavmufaom taqmuftODypnf;rsm; wyfqifxm;Sday;&ef?
17/
aeYausmif;olôm;rsm;toHk;jyKaom(u) aomufa&ydkufrsm;ysufpD;ae a&rsm;roefYSif;jcif;?
(c) tdrfomrsm;ydwfqdkYaejcif;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;jyifqifay;&efESifh vHkavmufpGmxm; Sday;&ef?
18/
ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm; umuG,fa&;twGufudk tcsdeftcgtvdkuf umuG,faq;xdk;ay;&ef?
19/
aeYausmif;om;ôlrsm; toGm;tvmvG,u
f al p&ef oufqikd &f mwdYk u o,f,yl Ykdaqmifa&;twGuf pDpOfay;&ef/
&efukefaq;odyHtwGuf &efukefaq;odyHausmif;om;rsm;or*rS wifjyaqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJhaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
tydkif; (u) t"duawmif;qdkcsufrsm;
1/
aq;odyH oD;jcm;aumvdyf jzpfajrmuf&ef?
2/
aq;odyH (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk y,fzsufay;&ef?
3/
ynma&;zufqdkif&m q&mBuD;rsm;u ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJ (Medical Seminar) jyKvkyf
ay;&ef/
tydkif; (c) taxGaxGawmif;qdkcsufrsm;
1/
axmufyHhaMu;aiGrsm;udk topfxyfrHxkwfay;jcif;ESifh &SdNyD;aom axmufyHhaMu;aiGrsm;udk vpOfrSefrSef
xkwfay;&ef axmufyHhaMu;aiGrsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh vpOf&aiG 60d^- xufydkrdkSd&ef?
2/
trdefYusNyD;aom ausmif;aqmiftwGuf tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmf aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
3/
aq;odyHpmMunfhwdkuf tjrefqHk;wdk;csJUay;&ef?
4/
aq;odyHtaqmuftODudk vufSdausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh nDrQatmifaqmufvkyfay;&ef?
5/
vufSdausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh udkufnDrnfh q&mOD;a&&Sd&ef? q&mrsm; xyfrHwdk;csJUcefYxm;&ef?
6/
aq;ynmwdk;wufrItwGuf aq;odyHqdkif&m vufawGUoifMum;rIaq;Hk (Teaching Hospital) tjzpf
ajymif;vJay;&ef?
536

7/
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5/
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7/
8/
9/
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/
11/
12/
aq;odyHvufawGUcef;r ud&d,mwefqmyvmrsm; jynfhpHkpGmxm;Sd&ef/

rEav;aq;odyHr[mXmecGJtwGuf rEav;aq;odyHr[mXmecGJausmif;om;rsm;or*rS wifjyaqG;aEG;cJUaom
awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
ausmif;aqmifrsm; (3) xyfaqmif? vl (250) cefY ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf (1) aqmifESifh ausmif;olrsm;
twGuf (1) aqmif tjrefqHk; aqmufvkyfay;yg&ef (,cktcgwGif ausmif;olrsm;rSm pmoifcef;wGif aexdkif
Mu&ygonf/)
XmetoD;oD;rS vdktyfaeaom q&mrsm;cefYxm;ay;&ef?
axmufyHhaMu; wu,fvdktyfaeonfh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef?
aq;odyH (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;ay;&ef?
1953-54 ckESpf aq;odyHr[mXmecGJ pwifzGifhvSpfonfrSp wcgrQr&ao;aom upm;aMu;? pmMunfhwdkuf
aMu;? aq;0g;ukoaMu;rsm;udk tm;vHk;ESpfrsm;twGuf tjrefxkwfay;&ef?
wuodkvfwGifSdaeaom (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk zsufodrf;ay;&ef?
rEav; oD;jcm;wuov
kd f jzpfajrmufaomtcg rdrEd pS o
f ufaom wuov
kd rf sm;wGif aG;cs,f oifMum;Edik &f efEiS hf
rdrdESpfoufaom aq;odyHrsm;wGifoifMum;&ef?
rw&m;csKyfcs,fxm;aom ausmif;om;or*rsm; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhjyK&ef?
aq;odyrH [mXmecGJ (rEav;) taqmuftODonf aumvdyt
f *FgESihf rnDw
G af omaMumifh taqmuftODopf
aqmufvkyf tpm;xdk;ay;&ef/
xD;wef;aumvdyftwGuf xD;wef;ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifUpmzwftoif;
aehausmif;olôm;rsm;toif;wdkh wifjyaqG;aEG; twnfjyKcJhaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
xD;wef;aumvdyfudk tqifhtwef;rDaom aumvdyfwcktjzpf wkd;csJUjyKjyifay;&ef?
ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifhtnD q&m? q&mrrsm; ydkrdkcefYxm;ay;&ef?
wuodkvfaxmufyHhaMu; wdk;jrifhoHk;pGJay;&ef?
wuodkvfSd bmom&yfwdkif;udk jzpfEdkifvQif Oypmwef;rSp oifMum;cGifhay;&ef?
oufqdkif&m bmom&yfrsm;twGuf taxmuftuljyKrnfhynm&yfrsm;udk qnf;yl;Edkif&eftwGuf
(u) a'oE&A[kokwSmazGa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mrS aqmifGufay;&ef?
(c) okawoe (Research Dep:) zGifhvSpfay;&ef?
pmMunfhwdkufwck zGifhvSpfay;&efESifh pmMunfhwdkufwGif ausmif;oHk;jy|mef;onfh pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; jynfpHk
vHkavmufpGm xm;Sday;&ef?
ausmif;oHk;tjzpf jy|mef;onfhpmtkyfrsm;udk
(u) aps;EIef;csdKompGmjzifh&Sd&ef oufqdkif&mrSaqmifGufay;&ef?
(c) 0,fr&aom pmtkyfrsm;udk rjy|mef;&ef?
ausmif;om; (100) xuf ausmfvGefaom pmoifcef;rsm;wGif toHcsJUpufwyfqifay;&ef?
wuodkvfwGif ,ckSdaom (Combination) rsm;tjyif tydkbmomw&yf oif,lcGifhjyK&ef?
Ak'usrf;pm *kPfxl;wef; zGifhvSpfay;&ef?
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;rsm; qufvufay;&ef?
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u BuD;rSL; ]ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;} twGuf aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wck tjrefqHk;usif;y&ef/
tydkif; (c) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;

13/
(3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;ay;&ef?
14/
atmufwdkbmausmif; (1) vydwfay;&ef?
15/
or*rsm; tjrefqHk;jyefvnf zGJUpnf;cGifhjyK&ef? zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm; tjrefqHk;jyefvnf vTwfay;&ef?
16/
ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifhtnD q&m0efrsm;? olemjyKrsm; xm;Sday;&ef?
17/
aq;0g;ypnf;rsm;ESifh acwfrDprf;oyfu&d,mrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;Sday;&ef?
537
18/
19/
20/
ausmif;om;ôlwdkif; tcrJhaq;xdk;cGifh&Sd&ef?
ausmif;om;ôlwdkif;tm; ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm;rS umuG,fay;aomaq;rsm;udk tcsdeftcg vdkuf
vdktyfovdkxdk;ay;&ef?
oD;jcm;aq;Hkwck wnfaqmufay;&ef/
&efuif;aumvdyftwGuf &efuif;ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifUpmzwftoif;? &efuif;aehausmif;olôm;toif;wdkhrS

wifjyaqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJUaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
1/
&efuif;aumvdyftm; aumvdyftqifhtwef;rDaom oD;jcm;aumvdyftjzpf wdk;csJUay;&ef?
2/
q&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm; vufawGUprf;oyfaomu&d,mrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;dSay;&ef?
3/
&efuif;aumvdyfwGif bmom&yfqdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; tjynfhtpHkSdonfh pmMunfhwdkufwck xm;ay;&ef?
4/
ausmif;taqmuftODrsm;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm;? q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUaqmufvkyf cefYxm;&ef?
5/
wuodkvfaxmufyHhaMu;aiGESifh ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk ydkrdkwdk;jrifhoHk;pGJay;&ef?
6/
&efuif;aumvdyfwGif q&mrsm;vHkavmufpGm rcefYxm;Edkifao;rD tcsdeftwGif; pmoifcef;wdkif;wGif
ausmif;om; (100) xuf renf;Sdu toHcsJUpufrsm; wyfqifay;&ef?
7/
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u BuD;rSL;usif;y ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fonfh aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wck tjrefqHk;jyKvkyfay;&ef/
tydkif; (c) usef;rma&;tqdkrsm;
8/
&efuif;ausmif;aqmifwGif aq;ay;cef;wck oD;jcm;aqmufvkyfay;&efESifh tcsdefjynfhq&m0ef wa,muf
xm;ay;&ef?
9/
&efuif;aumvdyfoGm;vrf;rsm;ESifh ausmif;aqmiftwGif;Sd vrf;rsm;udk TGHUAGufa&tdkifrsm; rSdap&eftwGuf
tjrefjyKjyifay;&ef?
10/
ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm; jzpfymG ;Edik af om tcsdeu
f mvrsm;wGif &efuif;aumvdyf aeYausmif;olôm;rsm;udk
vnf; ausmif;aqmifaeolrsm;uJhodkY umuG,faq;xdk;ay;&ef?
11/
&efuif;ausmif;aqmifteD;Sd ausmif;om;rsm;tzdYk tusifph m&dw xdcu
kd af prnft
h rIupd r sm;udk z,fmS ;ay;&ef/
tydkif; (*) ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;
12/
ausmif;om;ôlrsm;twGuf em;aecef;rsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifhtnD wdk;csJUay;&efESifh yefum? a&'D,dk?
rD;vHk;rsm; wyfqifxm;Sday;&ef?
13/
&efuif;aumvdyfSd pm;aomufqdkifwGif pepfwusESifhoefYSif;pGm pDrHay;&efESifh trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf pm;
aomufcef; oD;oefYxm;Sday;&efudk jzpfEdkifonfenf;ESifh tjrefqHk;pDrHay;&ef?
14/
aumvdyfSd aeYpOftoHk;jyKaom aomufa&twGuf a&ydkufrsm; ydkrdkwyfqifay;&ef?
15/
aeYausmif;olôm; oGm;vmrIvG,fulap&ef ausmif;um;rsm;pDpOfay;&ef?
16/
ausmif;wGif vQyfppfacgif;avmif;rsm; xm;Sday;&ef/
tydkif; (C) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;tqdkrsm;
17/
oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;ypf&ef?
18/
atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufudk cgwdkif;uJhodkY (1) vydwf&ef?
19/
ArmwjynfvHk;wGif zsufodrf;cHxm;&aom ausmif;om;or*rsm;udk tjrefqHk; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhay;&ef?
20/
ArmwjynfvHk;wGif zrf;qD;cHae&aomausmif;om;rsm;tm; tjrefvTwf&ef?
21/
ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf axmufyHhaMu; ydkrdkoHk;pGJ&ef/
538

armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyftwGuf armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS wifjyaqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJUaom
awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
1/
armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfudk 'D*&DaumvdyftjzpfodkY (1958-59) ckESpftwGif; wdk;jrifhzGifhvSpfay;&ef?
2/
armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyw
f iG f &efuek w
f uov
kd rf S oifMum;ydYk csaom bmom&yftm;vH;k udk oifMum;ydYk csay;&ef
(Oyrm- jyifopf? *smref? Ak'bmom)
3/
avmu"gwfbmom&yfrsm;ESifh ywfouf vufawGUprf;oyfonfh ypnf;ud&d,mrsm;udk jynfpHkvHkavmufpGm
xm;Sday;&efESifh ausmif;om;OD;a& tcsKd;tpm;tvdkuf xm;Sday;&ef?
4/
aumvdyfwGif oifMum;ydkYcsay;aeonfh bmom&yfrsm;ESifhqdkifaom pmMunfhwdkufwckudk pmtkyfrsm;jynfhpHkvHk
avmufpGmjzifh zGifhvSpfay;&ef?
5/
ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf q&mrsm;cefYxm;ay;&ef?
6/
0gPdZaA'XmewGif enf;jyq&mrSdonfjzpf q&mwa,muf cefYxm;ay;&ef?
7/
t*FvdyfpmXmewGif vufaxmufuxdu q&mwOD; xyfrHcefYxm;&ef?
8/
kuaA'XmewGif enf;jyq&mrSdonfjzpf q&mwa,muf cefYxm;ay;&ef?
9/
,ckaqmufvkyfqJ aumvdyfausmif;opfBuD;udk tjrefqHk;NyD;pD;atmif aqmufvkyfay;&efESifh vmrnfhESpf
ZGefvwGif ajymif;aTUzGifhvSpfay;&ef?
10/
wuodkvfaumifpDwdkif;wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkwdkY\ bmompmayudk oifMum;ydkYcsaomXmersm; zGifhvSpf
ay;&ef/
tydkif; (c) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;tqdkrsm;
11/
jynfe,ftvdu
k af y;aom axmufyahH Mu;rsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdu
k f ESppf Ofw;kd jriahf y;&efEiS hf oufqikd &f m
odkY awmif;qdkay;&ef?
12/
aumvdyfa&muf ytdk0fhausmif;olôm;rsm;twGuf oD;oefYaxmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef?
13/
rGefausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf oD;oefaxmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef?
14/
jrefrmwjynfvHk;wGif zsufodrf;cH&aom ausmif;om;or*rsm;udk tjrefqHk; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhjyK&ef?
15/
jrefrmwjynfvHk;wGif zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;ôlrsm;tm; tjrefqHk;vTwfay;&ef?
16/
(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;ay;&ef?
17/
atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufudk ,cifuJhodkY (1) vydwfay;&ef?
18/
ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ,cifuJhodkY rD; (24) em&Day;&ef?
19/
wuodkvfaxmufyHhaMu;udk tvHktavmuf wdk;jrifhoHk;pGJay;&ef?
20/
armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfodkY tjcm;wuodkvfESifh aumvdyfrsm;rS cdkifvHkpGmaom ausmif;ajymif;vufrSwfjzifh
ajymif;aTUvmaom ausmif;olôm;rsm;tm; armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfwGif >cif;csufrSd vufcH&ef?
21/
ausmif;aqmifae ausmif;olôm;vufrSwfa&;xdk;&aom uwd0efcHcsufrsm;udk ,cifESpfrsm;uJhodkY ESpfpOf
ESpfwdkif; y,fzsufay;&ef?
22/
&efuek w
f uov
kd rf mS uJo
h Ykd ausmif;aqmifwaqmifwiG f owif;pm (6) apmifEiS hf tjcm;upm;ckepf m;ypn;f rsm;
jynfhpHkpGm xm;Sday;&ef?
23/
armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGif ausmif;om;rsm;or* udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifcGifh
jyK&ef?
24/
armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif or*udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef/
tydkif; (*) ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;
25/
aumvdyfausmif;aqmifopfBuD;ESifhtwl rdef;uav;ausmif;aqmifESifh a,mufsm;av;ausmif;aqmifrsm;udk
tjrefqHk; aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
26/
aumvdyfausmif;aqmifopfBuD;ESifhtwl pmMunfhwdkufwck oD;jcm;aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
27/
aumvdyfausmif;aqmifopfBuD;ESifhtwl pmwdkufwck aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
539
28/
29/
&yfpJxm;aom axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk tjrefqHk; jyefvnfxkwfay;&ef?

ausmif;oHk;tjzpf jy|mef;xm;aom pmtkyfrsm;udk aps;EIef;csKdompGmESifh 0,f,l&Sda&;twGuf oufqdkif&mrS
aqmifGufay;&ef/
tydkif; (C) usef;rma&;

30/
ynmoifMum;aeaom ausmif;om;ôlrsm;tm; &moDtvdkuf umuG,faq;rsm; tcrJhxdk;ay;&ef?
31/
aumvdyfausmif;opfBuD;ESifhtwl ausmif;olôm;rsm;twGuf oD;jcm;aq;Hkwck aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
23/
rdef;uav;ausmif;aqmiftwGuf q&m0efrwOD;udk oD;oefYcefYxm;&ef/
tydkif; (i) upm;ckefpm;ESifUtm;upm;a&;
33/
t&nftcsif;jynfh tm;upm;ESifh upm;ckefpm;q&mwOD; oD;oefYxm;Sday;&ef?
34/
upm;ckefpm;a&;bufwGif vdktyfaomypnf;rsm; vHkavmufpGm xm;Sday;&ef?
35/
tm;upm;Hkwck oD;jcm;aqmufvkyfay;&ef/
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/
11/
12/
13/
14/
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
rauG;OypmaumvdyftwGuf rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;or*rS wifjyaqG;aEG;? twnfjyKcJUaom

awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk y,fzsufay;&ef?
65% ausmif;ac:csdefpepfudk zsufodrf;ay;&ef?
axmufyHhaMu;rsm; qufvufay;&ef?
rw&m;zsufodrf;cH&aom ausmif;om;or*rsm; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhay;&ef?
rauG;OypmaumvdyfwGif jynfhpHkvHkavmufaom yd#uwfwdkufwckxm;ay;&ef?
pmoifcef;rsm;wGif rD;ESifhyefumrsm; wyfqifay;&ef?
ausmif;olôm;rsm; em;ae&eftaqmifwdkYwGif ypnf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;Sday;&ef?
tm;upm;Hkwck aqmufvkyfNyD; ypnf;rsm; tvHktavmufxm;ay;&ef?
rauG;OypmaumvdyfwGif &oifh&xdkufaom bmom&yfrsm; pHkvifpGmxm;Sday;&ef?
bmom&yftvdu
k f q&m? q&mrrsm; vHak vmufpmG xm;ay;&ef? if;wdYkuv
kd nf; tcsed rf aD pvTwf cefYxm;ay;&ef?
bmom&yfqdkif&m ypnf;toHk;taqmif pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; tvHktavmufxm;ay;&ef?
aemufxyf trsKd;om;ausmif;aqmifwck aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
trsKd;orD; ausmif;aqmifwckudkvnf; tjrefqHk;aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
SdNyD;jzpfaom trsKd;om;ausmif;aqmifudkvnf; tqifhtwef;rDatmif jyKjyifay;&ef/
(Oyrm- pmtkyfpif? a&csKd;cef;? tdrfomESifh wa,mufwcef;us ae&mcsxm;ay;&ef)
ausmufjzLaumvdyf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
ausmufjzLaumvdyfudk tqiftwef;rD jynfhpHkaom OypmaumvdyftjzpfodkY wdk;jrifhay;&ef?
ausmufjzLaumvdyfwGif ausmif;olôm;rsm;twGuf acwfrDaomausmif;aqmifrsm; vHkavmufpGm ay;&ef?
odyHynmrsm;twGuf vdktyfaom ypnf;ud&d,m wefqmyvmrsm; vHkavmufpGm xm;Sday;&ef?
t&nftcsif;jynfh q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGm cefYxm;ay;&ef?
ausmufjzLaumvdyfwGif ynmoifMum;vdkaom ausmif;om;ôlrsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef/
rEav;wuokdvftwGuf rEav;wuokdvfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS wifjyaqG;aEG;? twnfjyKcJhaom

awmif;qkdcsufrsm;
ynmoifMum;a&;tqkdrsm;
1/
jrefrmpmayXmewGif uxdu (2) OD; wkd; cefYxm;ay;&efESifh *kPfxl;wef; xm;ay;&ef?
2/
t*FvdyfpmayXmewGif uxdu (1) a,mufESifh vufaxmufuxdu (2) a,muf? enf;jyq&m (5) a,muf
wkd; cefYxm;ay;&ef?
540

3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/
11/
12/
13/
14/
pdwfynmXmewGif uxdu (2) OD;ESifh enf;jyq&m (1) OD; xyfrH cefYxm;ay;&ef?

wuaA'XmeESifh tbd"rmXmewGif uxdu (2) OD;ESifh enf;jyq&m (3) OD; xyfrH cefYxm;ay;&ef?
blrdaA'XmewGif uxdu (2) a,mufESifh vufaxmufuxdu (4) a,muf wkd;cefYxm;ay;&efESifh *kPfxl;
wef; xm;ay;&ef? jywdkufrS ypnf;rsm; iSm;,lavhvmcGifhjyK&ef?
ygPaA'XmewGif Oypm (c) ykdif;ESifh odyHwef;rsm;twGuf vufawGUprf;oyf&mwGif ig;? ,kef ponfhrsm;ukd
tenf;qkH; (3) Mudrftxd avhvmcGifh&&ef?
&mZ0ifXmewGif uxdu (2) OD; xm;Sday;&ef?
ocFsm*kPfxl;wef; zGifhvSpfay;&ef?
bDtufpD (tyvdkif;) "gwkaA'wGif uxdu (2) OD; xyfrHcefYxm;&ef?
Xmetvdu
k f qdik &f mpmMunfw
h u
kd rf sm;xm;ay;&efEiS hf Xmevdu
k q
f ikd &f m pmtkypf mwrf;rsm; jynfph pkH mG xm;ay;&ef?
oifcef;pm,l&eftwGuf tcef; (40) ygaom ausmif;aqmifBuD;wck aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
abm*aA'ESifh 0gPdZaA'Xme,l oD;jcm;Xme wckpD zGifhvSpfay;&efESifh xdkXmersm;wGif uxdu (2) OD;pD
xyfrHcefY xm;ay;&ef?
r[m0dZmESifh r[mynmXme? Oya'r[mXmersm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef?
oD;jcm;wuodkvf *kPft*Fg&yfESifh udkufnDaom tqifhrDoifMum;rIqdkif&m ypnf;rsm;ESifh q&mrsm; xm;Sday;
&ef?
ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;
1/
oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;&ef?
2/
ausmif;om;xk qErygaom Oya'rsm; jyefvnfkyfodrf;&efESifh xyfrHrjy|mef;a&;?
3/
ausmif;om;or*rsm; vGwfvyfpGm zGJUpnf;wnfSdcGifhay;a&;?
4/
zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rnOf;yef;&efESifh tjrefqHk;vTwfay;&ef?
5/
atmufwdkbmausmif; (1) vydwfay;&ef?
6/
armifatmifarmif;udpudk w&m;ojzifh qdkif&mrS tjrefqHk;ta&;,l aqmifGuf&ef/
ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifU
1/
ynmoifMum;rIESifhtkyfcsKyfrIwGif jyifyrS0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;rjyK&ef?
usef;rma&;
1/
wuov
kd af q;Hw
k ck jzpfajrmuf&ef or*rS BudK;pm;aeonfukd tpd;k &rS tultnDay;&ef? ausmif;om;OD;a&ESihf
nDrQaom q&m0ef? olemjyKrsm;cefYxm;&ef? rNyD;pD;rDumvtwGif; vufSdaq;ay;cef;udk wdk;csJUvsuf q&mr
wOD; xyfrHcefYxm;ay;&ef?
2/
wuodkvfe,fajroefYSif;a&;twGuf oufqdkif&mtpdk;& usef;rma&;XmerS tenf;qHk;wv (1) Budrf vm
a&muf ppfaq;rIjyKay;&efESifh ausmif;rSowfrSwfxm;onfh twdkif; wywfwBudrf xufrenf; aq;t&mSd
vma&muf ppfaq;&ef?
3/
ausmif;om;rsm; pm;aomufa&;wGif oefYiS ;f rItwGuf wuov
kd t
f yk cf sKyfa&;tzGUJ rS aqmifu
G f ppfaq;ay;&ef
4/
ausmuf? ykvdyf? wdkufzdGKufa&m*grsm; umuG,fa&;twGuf aq;rsm;udk ESpfpOftcsdefrD BudKwifxdk;ay;&ef/
upm;ckefpm;
1/
ausmif;om;ôlrsm;twGuf acwfrDaom oD;oefYtm;upm;Hk wckpD aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
2/
aeYausmif;olôm;rsm;twGuf acwfrDaom tyef;ajz&dyfomwckpD aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
3/
upm;ckefpm;ESifhqdkif&m oD;oefYt&mSdwOD; tjrefqHk;cefYxm;ay;&ef?
4/
ausmif;om;ESifh q&mOD;a& tnDtrQyg0ifaom upm;ckefpm;aumifpDwck zGJUpnf;ay;vsuf upm;ckefpm;rI
qdkif&mrsm;udk BuD;Muyfvkyfaqmifay;&ef?
5/
acwfrDa&ul;uef (1) ck aqmufvkyfay;&ef/
541
oufomacsmifcsda&;
1/
ausmif;om;rsm; c&D;oGm;vma&;twGuf oufqdkif&mXmersm;rS w0ufcavQmhEIef;ay;&ef?
2/
wuodkvfwGif oD;jcm;pmwdkuf (1) ck zGifhvSpfay;&ef?
3/
wuodkvf axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udkqufvufay;&ef/
taxGaxGvdktyfcsufrsm;
1/
wuodkvfA[dk ausmif;aqmifBuD;atmufrS tpdk;&pdkufysKd;a&;Hk;rsm; tjrefqHk;aTUay;&ef?
2/
ausmif;aqmiftkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf ausmif;om;or*udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? trIaqmifrsm;yg0ifaom ausmif;
aqmif tkyfcsKyfa&;aumfrwDw&yf zGJUay;&ef?
3/
wuodkvf0if;twGif; vrf;rsm;jyKjyifay;&efESifh vQyfppfrD;vHk;rsm;xGef;nday;&ef?
4/
Assembly Hall BuD;wck aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
5/
usef;rma&;ESifh udkufnDaom trsKd;orD;? trsKd;om; abmf'gaqmifrsm; wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfay;&ef?
6/
Social Science/ International Relation/ Statistic tpSdaom bmom&yfrsm; qdkif&mXmersm; wdk;csJU
zGifhvSpfay;&ef?
7/
csif;wGif;aumvdyf tjrefqHk; zGifhvSpfay;&ef/
(i) rEav;wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* vIyf mS ;rIrsm;
rEav;wuov
kd Bf uD;udk oD;jcm;wuov
kd Bf uD; jzpfajrmufvm&ef q&mr? q&m? rdbjynfo?l ausmif;olôm;
rsm; qESd qEjycJhMuygonf/ rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*onfvnf; twuf<uqHk;tcef;rS yg0ifcJhay
onf/ uJo
h Ykd rEav;wuov
kd u
f kd oD;jcm;aumvdyt
f jzpf a&mufv
dS maomtcg 0rf;om&rnft
h pm; 0rf;enf;a<uuGJ
zG,f&mrsm; &ifqdkifvm&onf/
oufqdkif&m ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmydkifwdkY\ pnf;urf;wif;Muyfrnf[laom aMunmcsufaemufwGif
ausmif;xkwfyGJrsm; jzpfvmonf/ ausmif;xkwf&mwGif dk;kd;wef;wef; aMunmxkwfonf r[kwfbJ emZD[pfwvmu
ol\qefYusifbufrsm;tm; wdwfwqdwf owfypfonfhenf;wl tjcm;olrsm;rodapbJ wdwfwqdwfxkwfypfjcif; jzpf
onf/ aemufxyf ausmif;xkwf&ef pm&if;Sdonf owif;rsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ajcmufvSefYaeonf/ xdkYtjyif
rcH&yfEdkifqHk;udpr Sm w&m;0ifzGJUpnf;xm;aom ausmif;om;or*\ tcGifhtmPmudk ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUu xdcdkuf
vmonf/ udprsm;jzifh &efukefwuodkvfodkY (400) ausmf ajymif;aTUoGm;avonf/
odkYjzifh 4? 6? 58 &uf? nae (4) em&DcGJ abm*aA'taqmuftOD ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;w&yfudk
ausmif;tkyfBuD;a[mif; OD;udkav;u usif;ycJh&m rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS (rwuo) rS Ou|?
'k-Ou|? taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;wdkY wufa&mufcJhonf/
tpnf;ta0;pvsifpjcif; OD;udkav;u zqyvtuGJaMumifh rEav;wuodkvftm; tkyfcsKyfrnfh 'k-t"dywd
ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpD rzGJUEdkifjzpfaeaMumif;? ,cifuSdcJhaom tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrSmvnf; arv (31) &ufaeYu ysuf
oGm;NyD jzpfaMumif;? tajctaewGif rdrdtaeESifh tvHk;pHktepfemcHum ausmif;BuD; tcsdefrDzGifhEdkif&eftwGuf wm0ef,l
vkyfaqmif oGm;&rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymjyonf/ qufvuf if;taeESifh 0efBuD;csKyf? 'k-0efBuD;csKyf (vlrIa&;) ESifh
ynma&;0efBuD;wdkYxH aMu;eef;dkufxm;aMumif; 3? 6? 58 aeYpGJjzifh jyefvmaom 'k-0efBuD;csKyf (vlrIa&;) \ aMu;eef;
t& ,ciftpDtpOftwdik ;f qufvufaqmifu
G yf gqd
k if;taeESihf qufvufwm0ef,&l rnfo
h abm oufa&mufae
aMumif;udk ajymjyonf/ xdYk aMumifh ZGev
f (1) &uf? (2) &ufaeYrsm;wGif if;tcGit
hf mPmrSb
d J aqmifu
G cf ahJ omudpr sm;
ESifh ywfouf tjypfSdvQifcHrnf jzpfaMumif; ajymjyonf/
ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfouf rwuo udk,fpm;vS,frsm;taeESifh q&mBuD;wifjycsufudk vufrcHEdkif
ojzifh trIaqmiftzGJU\ qHk;jzwfcsuft& rwuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? q&mBuD;? r[mXmerSL;rsm;ESifh XmerSL;rsm;
yg0ifaom wuodkvf ,m,Dxdef;odrf;a&;aumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;a&;wifjyonf/
uJo
h Ykd tkycf sKyfa&;aumfrwDwck zGUJ pnf;&efwifjyaomtcg q&mBuD;OD;udak v;u rdrzd UJG pnf;Edik af om tmPm
rSdaMumif; tm;vHk;oabmwl qHk;jzwfcsufudk vdkufemrnfjzpfaMumif;ajym tpnf;ta0;cef;rS xGufcGmoGm;onf/
rwuo ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; kww
f &uf em;rvnfEikd af tmifjzpfaeonf/ odYk &mwGif usefadS om q&mrsm;ESihf qufvuf
542

aqG;aEG;&m q&mrsm;uvnf; wwfEdkifaomtajctaerSd avmavmq,f ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;udpudkom pOf;pm;
aqG;aEG;Muonf/ taqmifrSL; (4) OD;? aiGwdkufpdk;? 0if;rSL;ESifh wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;aygif; (8) OD;yg0ifaom
,m,D ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDw&yfudk trsm;oabmwl zGJUpnf;cJhMuonf/ q&mBuD;OD;oef;xGef;u Ou|? rwuo
udk,fpm;vS,fu twGif;a&;rSL; tjzpfaqmifGufcJhavonf/
(p) ArmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGUJ csKyf yrtBurd af jrmuf jynfv;kH uRwn
f v
D mcHBu;D rS
qH;k jzwftwnfjyK awmif;qdck surf sm;
ynma&;tqdkrsm;
1/
,aeYvufSd (18) odef;eD;yg; Sdaomausmif;om;OD;a&twGuf ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk 20% xufrenf;
wdk;jrifhoHk;pGJ ausmif;taqmuftODrsm;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm;? ausmif;q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGmay;&efESifh
toufarG; 0rf;aMumif; ynm&yfrsm;udk ausmif;wdkif;wGif oifMum;ay;&ef?
2/
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u owfrSwfxm;aomNrdKUrsm;ESifh rSdrjzpfaom NrdKUrsm;wGif Oypmaumvdyfrsm; wnfaxmif
ay;&ef? jyXmef;csufrsm; tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmf Srf;jynfwGif Oypmaumvdyf (1) ck zGifhvSpfay;&ef?
taqmuftOD? ausmif;oH;k ud&,
d m? q&mrsm;vHak vmufpmG xm; bmompHo
k ifMum;Edik af &;twGuf pDpOfay;&ef?
3/
ausmif;rsm;wGif trsKd;om;nDw
G af &;? trsKd;om;pm&dwE iS hf trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rIukd qefYusifaom ausmif;oH;k
pmtkyfrsm; rjy|mef;&ef? (Oyrm-jynfaxmifpkyef;wdkifESifh vlxkatmfoHuJhodkYaom pmtkyfrsm;)
4/
(3) wef;rSp acwfreD nf;pepfjzifh t*Fvyd b
f momoif&efEiS hf oif;kd oifwef; tqift
h wef;ESihf udu
k n
f aD om
pmtkyfrsm;udk ausmif;oHk;tjzpf jy|mef;&ef? (Oyrm- wuodkvf0ifoifwef;rS t*Fvdyfpmtkyf --- aysmuf)
5/
ausmif;q&m? q&mrrsm; vHkavmufpGm wdk;jrifhcefYxm;ay;&ef? usef;rma&;tajctaeaMumifh tvkyfrScGifh,l
&aom q&m? q&mrrsm;udk vpmtjynfhESifh vHkavmufaom cGifh&ufrsm;ay;&efESifh vpmwdk;jrifhay;&ef?
6/
ausmif;q&m? q&mrrsm;cefYtyf&mwGif oufqdkif&m t&nftcsif;ppfaq;rIrsm;rSty jynfxJa&;XmeESifh
EdkifiHa&;ygwD toif;tzGJUrsm;rS 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif; rjyK&ef?
7/
ynma&;Xme vGwv
f yfciG u
hf kd rpGuzf uf&efEiS hf ausmif;q&m? q&mrrsm;tm; ynmoifMum;a&; wm0efrw
S yg;
tjcm;rnfonhf vkyif ef;udrk Q tpd;k &tmPmjzifh apcdik ;f jcif; rjyKvky&f ef? (Oyrm- q&mrsm;tm; tpd;k &OD;pD;aom
tiftm;jyyGJ tcrf;tem;rsm;odkY wufa&mufapjcif;ESifh ausmif;om;ta&;wGif pGufzufapjcif;)
8/
ausmif;q&mrsm;tm; ausmif;zGifh&uftwGif; ajymif;aTUojzifh ausmif;om;rsm; pmoifysufapaomaMumifh
aEG&moDrSom ajymif;aTUjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef?
9/
Edik if aH wmf pufrv
I ufrv
I yk if ef;rsm;Sad om jrpfi,f? a&eHacsmif;? acsmufNrdKUrsm;wGif pufrv
I ufryI nmoifausmif;
rsm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef?
10/
ausmif;wGijf y|mef;xm;aom pmtkyrf sm;udk tcrJv
h akH vmufpmG iSm;&rf;&efEiS hf jyeftyf&mwGif rw&m;avsmfaMu;
rawmif;&ef?
11/
wuodkvfpmar;yGJwGif t*Fvdyfwbmomwnf; usIH;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; jrefrm (10) wef;atmif
vufrSwfxkwfay;&ef?
12/
wuodkvf0if pmar;yGJaMu;rsm;udk 15d^- rS 10d^- odkYavQmhcsay;&ef?
13/
ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; usef;rma&;twGuf tpdk;&ausmif;wdkif;wGif pma&;ud&d,mrsm;? upm;uGif;rsm;?
upm;Hkrsm;ESifh um,ynmq&m? q&mrrsm;udk vHkavmufpGmcefYxm;ay;&efESifh ausmif;aq;ay;cef;rsm;?
aq;ppfjcif; jyKvkyfay;&ef?
14/
avmavmq,foHk;rjzpfatmif ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeaom ausmif;rsm;tjrefqHk; jyKjyifay;&ef/
ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;tqdk
1/
(u) &uf (30) twGif; or*rsm;zsufodrf;&rnf [laom ynma&;XmetrdefYudk jyif;xefpGm IwfcsaMumif;
(c) or*rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifcGifhjyK&ef?
2/
wjynfvHk;wGif wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkudk wnfaqmuf&efESifh ausmif;om; opmazmufrsm;udk
543
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/
11/
12/
13/
14/
ausmif;om;avmuwGif 0dkif;y,fxm;&ef?
txufwef;ausmif;Sd NrdKUwdkif;wGif wuodkvf0ifpmppfXmersm; zGifhvSpfxm;Sd&ef?
rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;vTwf&efESifh aemufxyfzrf;qD;jcif; rjyKvkyf&ef?
vufSdausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&wif;rmrIrsm;udk toif;tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;?
tmPmydkifrsm; yg0if at;csrf;pGm ajzSif;&ef?
(u) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk uefYuGufaMumif;?
(c) pmar;yGJcsausmif;xkwfpepfudk uefYuGufaMumif;?
rw&m;Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;rsm; rjyKvkyf&efESifh rw&m;aom taMumif;jycsufESifh ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;
om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk; ausmif;jyefoGif;&efESifh aemufaemif odkYrjyKusifh&ef?
ausmif;om;xkqErygbJ jyKvkyx
f m;onfh zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf rI sm;jzpfaom rw&m;ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm; zsuo
f rd ;f
ay;&efESifh ausmif;om;xkqEESifh udkufnDonfh pnf;urf;rsm; owfrSwfay;&ef?
ausmif;ydw&f uftwGi;f rdb&yfxjH yefvakd om ausmif;om;rsm;tm; wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm; enf;wl tpd;k &
ydkif ,mOf? &xm; ponfrsm;wGif toGm;tjyefw0ufc &Sd&ef?
[,f&w
D efusqH;k jcif;ESihf ywfoufonfh tpD&ifcf pH mudk wdik ;f jynfoYkd tjrefq;kH azmfxw
k w
f ifjy&efEiS hf w&m;cH
rsm;tm; tjypfay;&ef?
ausmif;oHk;ypnf;rsm; aps;EIef;oufompGmESifh oufqdkif&mwdkYu wm0ef,ljzefYcsday;&ef?
w&m;ojzifh wnfaxmifzGJUpnf;xm;aom ausmif;om;or*rsm;udk 0ifa&muf aESmifh,SufzsufpD;jcif; rjyK&ef?
vGwv
f yfpmG zGUJ pnf;wnfaxmifciG hf ay;&efEiS hf w&m;ojzifah wmif;qdak om ausmif;om;qEukd todtrSwjf yK
tkyfcsKyfa&; tzGJUrsm;wGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef?
ynma&;qdkif&mvGwfvyfcGifh rcsKyfcs,f&ef?
wuov
kd 0f ifpmar;yGu
J kd owfrw
S x
f m;aom toufjynfo
h w
l ikd ;f tm; rnforl qdk tuefYtowfrSd 0ifa&muf
ajzqdkcGifhjyK&ef/
(3) trsKd;om;a&;tqdkrsm;
1/
jynfwGif;ppfudk awGUqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh &yfpJ&ef yefMum;aMumif;?
2/
BuD;rm;aeaom ukefaps;EIef;rsm; csay;&efESifh vGwfvyfpGm ukeful;oef;cGifh rydwfyif&ef?
3/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; rw&m;zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fonfh Oya'rsm;udk tjrefqHk;kyfodrf;&efESifh 'Drdkua&pD
tcGifhta&;rsm;udk jyefvnfay;tyf&ef?
4/
t*Fvdyf? tar&duefvuf0g;BuD;tkyf t&if;Sifpepfzsufodrf; trsKd;om; tusKd;pD;yGm;wnfaxmif&ef
5/
trsKd;om; jynfolvlxk aoG;pnf;nDGwfa&;jzifh e,fcsJUorm;tpdk;&wdkY\ pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiHa&;? ppfa&;?
zdESdyfusL;ausmfrIwdkYudk [efYwm;um wm;qD;Mu&ef?
6/
(u) urmhNidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;umuG,f&ef?
(c) tEkjrL? [dkuf'dk*sifAHk;ESifh EsL;uvD;,m;AHk;rsm;? tqdyfydk;rTm;AHk;rsm; prf;oyfjcif;rsm;? toHk;jyKjcif;rsm;udk
wm;qD;ydwfyif&efESifh vufeufavQmhaygha&;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef?
7/
udkvdkeDpepf qefYusifwdkufzsuf&ef?
8/
jrefrm-tpa&;pmcsKyft& Srf;jynfwGif qefpyg;pdkufysKd;vkyfudkif&ef MuHG,fcsufudk uefYuGufaMumif;?
9/
tmS-tmz&du nDvmcHqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk axmufcHaMumif;?
10/
(6) Budrfajrmuf urmhvli,fausmif;om;yGJobifBuD;tm; BudKqdkaxmufcHaMumif;ESifh ArmjynfrS wufa&muf
rnfh udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUtm; EdkifiHul;vufrSwfrsm; xkwfay;&ef?
11/
puFmyl? rav;Sm;? qdu
k yf &yf? t,f*sD;,m;Edik if rH sm;ESihf if;ausmif;om;rsm;tm; e,fcsJU t&if;Sit
f pd;k &rsm;u
zdESdyfowfjzwf nOf;yef;jcif;udk jyif;xefpGm IwfcsuefYuGuf tjyKtrlrsm;udk tjrefqHk;&yfpJ&ef/
(4) taxGaxGtqdk
1/
{&m0wDwdkif;? Srf;jynfvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;nDvmcHBuD;ESifh &efukefcdkif? jynfcdkif? zsmyHkcdkif? rHkGmcdkif
ausmif;om;nDvmcHrsm;rS tqdkrsm;udk axmufcHaMumif;?
544

2/
tvGwfynmoifausmif;q&mrsm; nDvmcHrS qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk axmufcHaMumif;/
(5) ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;tqdk
ausmif;om;r*rsm; wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;twGuf wyfOD;? 'Dtufpftdk?
&Jacgifpaom rnfonfh ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifhrqdk ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmifGuf&ef/
1958 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (15) &ufaeYpGJjzifhvnf; ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*tzGJUcsKyfrS zsufodrf;jcif;
cH&jcif;ESifh ausmif;xkwfcHcJh&aom ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfouf aMunmcsufwapmif xkwfjyefcJhonf/
xkwjf yefaMunmcsuf (3^58)

14? 7? 58 aeYpGJjzifh ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfouf
xkwfjyef aMunmcsufwapmifudk owif;pmwGif awGUSd&ayonf/
if;xkwfjyefaMunmcsufwGif 1956 ck ausmif;om;or*ta&; ausmif;xkwfjcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;
rsm;tm; csrf;omcGifhay; ausmif;jyefaecGifhay;rnf[laom tcsufrsm;\ tESpfom&rSm ausmif;om;rsm;onf
,cifvyk cf o
hJ rQ vkyif ef;rsm;wGif rSm;,Gi;f cJyh gonf? tjypfcdS yhJ gonf/ xdrk mS ;,Gi;f tjypfcdS o
hJ rQtwGuf 0efcsawmif;
yefygonf[al om t"dyg ,fEiS hf aemufaemifwiG f rnfonfv
h yk if ef; vIyf mS ;rIrsm;udrk S rjyKvkyaf wmhyg[k uwd0efccH suf
ay;&rnfh t"dyg,foabmrsm;ygSd aeygonf/ AuotzGJUcsKyfoabmrSm 1956 ckESpf or*udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u
rw&m;zsuford ;f cJ&h mwGif ausmif;om;xku rdrt
d m;ud;k &m trdor*rsm;twGuf Oya'twGi;f rS 'Dru
kd a&pDuspGmjzifh
vIyfSm;umuG,fMujcif;jzpf&m EdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'rS ay;tyfaom 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;jzpfonfh
or*xlaxmifcGifhudk dkufcsKd;zsufqD;HkrubJ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;&,lvdkonfh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;
xkwfjcif;? zrf;qD;jcif;rsm;jzifh rw&m;zdESdyfjcif;udkyif tmPmydkifrsm;ujyKusifhcJhjcif;? usL;vGefcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/
xdkuJhodkY tmPmydkifrsm;u usL;vGefrSm;,Gif;cJhaom 'Drdkua&pDcsKd;zsufrItjypfrsm;udk rdrdwdkYuwm0efr,lbJ ausmif;
om;tay:odkY yHkcsjcif;rSm rvkyfxdkufaom jyKrlcsufjzpfayonf/
ausmif;om;xkrSm 1/ rdrdwdkYw&m;0if tm;udk;&mor*udkvnf; rw&m;zsufqD;jcif;cHcJh&onf/
2/ vlGefYwHk;atmif ausmif;rSxkwfy,fjcif;udkvnf; cHcJh&onf/
3/ ,ckwzef tjypfrSdtrSm;rusL;vGefcJhygbJeJY 0efcsawmif;yefOD;rnfqdkvQif rnfrQxdepfemaernfudk
rdbjynfolrsm;u pOf;pm;apcsifygonf/
xdkaMumifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS rdbjynfolrsm;ESifh ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk;tm;
wifjyvkdonfrSm tedrfhqHk;tjzpf wlnDxm;onhf atmufygrlrsm;twdkif; vkyfaqmif&rnf jzpfonf/
1/ atmuf vufrw
S af &;xd;k ol wynfrh sm;onf q&m^rrsm;ESihf aS;tcgu ausmif;om;ta&;ESihf ywfouf
y#dyujzpfcJhzl;Muygonf/ xdkodkYjzpf&onfhtwGuf uRefawmfwdkY wynfhrsm;u 0rf;enf;ygonf/
2/ uRefawmfwdkYwynfhrsm;onf ZGefv (24) &ufaeYu a&'D,dkrS aMunmxm;aom 0efBuD;csKyf\ rdefYcGef;wGif
tpdk;&ESifh ausmif;olôm;wdkYonf ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfoufaomudprsm;wGif ajzSif;Mu&m
twdkuftcHvkyf rajzSif;bJ q&m&if;? wynfh&if;wdkYvdk &if;&if;ESD;ESD; ajzSif;rnfqdkonfhrludk
uRefawmfwdkYonf >cif;csufrSd vufcHMuygonf/
aemiftzdkYwGif ausmif;om;udpr sm;ay:aygufvmwdkif; tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh uRefawmfwdkYausmif;om; acgif;
aqmifrsm; wynfhrsm;onf wOD;ESifhwOD;y#dyujzpf ajzSif;jcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ q&m&if;? wynfh&if;uJhodkU
&if;&if; ESD;ESD; ajzSif;jcif;rsKd;jzifh ajzSif;ygrnf[k uRefawmfwdkY av;eufpGm uwdjyKygonf/
3/ uReaf wmfwYkdonf ausmif;pnf;urf;Oya'rsm;udk vdu
k ef mdak oygrnf[
l xyfraH v;eufpmG uwdjyKygonf/
txufygrl (3) csuft&omvQif rSeu
f efw&m;rQw taumif;qH;k aomtajctae jzpfEikd rf nf[k ,HMk unf
ojzifh txufygrltwdkif; vkyfaqmifMu&efESifh ausmif;jyefaecGifh&a&; BudK;yrf;Mu&ef rdbjynfolrsm;ESifh
ausmif;xkwf cHae&aom ausmif;olôm;rsm;tm; today; xkwfjyefaMunmtyfygonf/
545
(q) 1958 OD;EkEiS hf ausmif;om;qufqaH &;

tmPmudk vufSd&xm;onfh 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Eku 1958 ck? ZGefvwGif ArmhtoHrSae ]tpdk;&eJh ausmif;om;
qufqaH &;wif;rmcJw
U ,f? raumif;bl;/ 'Dtpd;k &eJh ausmif;om; qufqaH &;ysujf ym;&mrSm ausmif;om;awGrmS yg wm0efw
dS ,f/
tpdk;&[m vlBuD;awGjzpfwJUtwGuf ydkNyD;wm0efSdw,f} [k rdefYcGef;ajymMum;cJhonf/
1958 ck? atmufwdkbmv (2) &ufaeYwGif OD;Eku bGJUESif;obifcef;r ]usKyef hJ ausmif;om;xkqufqaH &;udk
topfajymif;vJvu
kd w
f UJ aehupNy;D ausmif;om;xk&YJ apwemawG[m usKyt
f ay:rmS b,fvw
kd ;kd wuf rsm;jym;vmw,fqw
kd m
usKyt
f xl;ajymzdrhk vdb
k ;l } [k rdefYcGef;ajym 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekonf ausmif;om;wdkYtm; rdrdtrSm;rsm;udk 0efcH ausmif;om;
rsm;ESifh qufqHa&; ajymif;vJvdkufonf/ ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udkvnf; ausmif;om;rsm; udk,fwdkifOD;pD; usif;y
usyfaiG 50000d^- cGifhjyKcJhonf/ 1953 ck? atmufwdkbmvrSp (15) &ufom ydwfcGifhjyKcJhonfudkvnf; jyefvnf
kyfodrf;NyD; 1958 ckESpfrSp atmufwdkbm (1) vausmif;ydwfcJhonf/
(Z) Ek-wifâqGNird ;f tuJt

G jyEJ iS hf or*rsm;
zqyvtwGif; Ek-wifESifh aqG-Nidrf;tuGJtjyJ wGif ausmif;om;rsm;u aMunmcsufrsm; xkwfjyefuefYuGuf
cJhonf rsm;Sdonf/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or* (Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf) trIaqmiftzGJUuvnf; arv
(13) &ufaeYwGif aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefcJhonf/ if;aMunmcsufwGifEk-wifacgif;aqmifaomtkyfpku1/ Mum;ae0g'udk wduspGmvdkufemusifhoHk;rnf/
2/ jynfwGif; Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf zqyvnDvmcHrdefYcGef;udk taumiftxnfazmfrnf/
3/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; tjynfht0ay;rnf/
4/ vlrsKd;pkta&;ESifhywfouf w&m;rQwpGmjzpf&rnf[k aMunmcJhayonf/
aqG-Nidr;f acgif;aqmifaomtkypf u
k zqyvwnfjrJa&;wnf;[laom wygwDtzGUJ tpnf;w&yf\ ta&;udo
k m
wifjyNyD; wdkif;jynfta&;jzpfaom vGwfvyfa&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;wdkYtwGuf tmrcHcsufray;[k Auorsm;
tzGJUcsKyfu ,lqonf/
xdkYaMumifh 'Drdkua&pDjrwfEdk;aom AuotzGJYcsKyfonf OD;Ekacgif;aqmifaom zqyvtzGJYudk axmufcHaMumif;
azmfjyonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD;rS tmPm&Sdxm;aom &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;
rsm;or* wuorSvnf; (oefYSif;aom) zqyvtzGJUudk axmufcHaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/ if;wdkYu qdkS,fvpf
wdYk onf ausmif;om;avmuwGif ausmif;om;rsm;udk aoG;cGu
J m 'Dtufpt
f Ekd iS hf &Jacgifrsm;udk zGUJ pnf;cJo
h nf/ aqGNidr;f tzGUJ
rsm;onf tjyKwfwdkufa&;udk a<u;aMumfum Nidrf;csrf;a&;awmif;qdkolrsm;udk zrf;qD;jcif;? Adkvfcifarmifuav;u
atmufwb
kd mvta&;awmfykH ausmif;om;rsm;tm; aoewfEiS yhf pf zrf;qD;ESyd pf uf&mwGif ud,
k w
f ikd af oewfazgufum
tcsufay;jcif;? 1956 [,f&Dwef aoqHk;jcif;? ausmufyef;awmif;? rif;vS? &cdkifjynf ponfwdkYwGif ausmif;om;rsm;
vkyfMuHowfjzwfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhaMumif; pGyfpGJcJhonf/
arv (16) &uf wuorS aMunmcsufwapmif xkwfjyef&mwGif jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;?
vlrsKd;pkrsm;ta&;? Mum;aeEdkifiHjcm;a&;ESifh ynma&;jyKjyifa&;? ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhwdkYtwGuf tmrcHcsufSdaom OD;Ek
acgif;aqmifonfh tpd;k & qufvufwnfjrJa&;twGuf nDw
G pf mG 0kid ;f 0ef;BudK;yrf;Mu&efEiS hf tpk;d &tmPm&Sad &;twGuf
vufeuftm;ukd; tMurf;zufMudK;pm;rIrsm;ESifh e,fcsJUtar&duef pGufzufrIrsm;ukd 0kdif;0ef;wm;qD;&ef jynfolrsm;tm;
0kdif;0ef;EId;aqmfcJhonf/
&efukefwuokdvfta&;awmfykHaumfrwDuvnf; aMunmcsufw&yf xkwfjyefcJhonf/
if;aMunmcsufwGif1/ zqyv ESpzf uftyk pf \
k wm0efcaH cgif;aqmifrsm;onf q&mawmf? oHCmawmfrsm;? Ekid if aH wmf q&m0efBuD;
rsm;ESifh owif;pmq&mrsm;aSUwGif tMurf;zufvufeufrokH;yg[k uwd0efcHcsuf vufrSwfa&;xkd;Mu
yg&ef/
2/ Munf;? a&? av ponfw
h yfrsm;\ wm0efcAH v
dk rf LS ;? wyfrLS ;rsm;ESihf ppfbufwm0efcrH sm;u rnfonft
h yk pf k
ukdrS ulnDrnfr[kwf[k aMunm&ef/
546

3/ avmavmq,f wkid ;f jynftajctaeukd xde;f odr;f &ef wyfrawmfEiS hf &Jrw
S yg; tjcm;vufeufuikd w
f yfrsm;
(Oyrm- jyLapmxD;? umuG,fa&;? vQyfppfvkHjcHKa&;wyfrsm;) ponfwkdYukd ygvDref&ufrwkdifrD tjrefqkH;
zsufodrf;&ef/
1958 ck? pufwifbmv (28) &ufwiG f wuotaqmuftOD Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf? &uo? wuorSMuD;rSL;
trIaqmifrsm; awGUqkHum ]ppfwyfrS tmPmodrf;jcif;ESifUywfouf oabmxm;} xkwfjyefaMunm&mwGif],aehjzpfay:aeaom ta&;udponf wrsKd;om;vkH;\ ta&;udpjzpfaMumif;? rNidrfoufvnf;aumif;?
w&m;rQwaom aG;aumufyt
JG wGuv
f nf;aumif; ppfwyfrS tmPmodr;f &onf[al om taMumif;jycsurf mS rckid v
f aHk Mumif;?
ppfwyfrS tmPmodr;f onft
U wGuf Nird ;f csr;f a&;ukd tvSr;f a0;apNy;D ? Nird ;f csr;f a&;rvkv
d m;aom aqGNird ;f ESiUf e,fcso
YJ rm;wk\
hd
tvku
d sjzpfapaMumif;? ,if;okhd tmPmodr;f jcif;rsK;d ukd cGijUf yKvQif tmPmukjd ynfox
Yl rH rS [kwb
f J t"rtmPmodr;f onfU
tpOftvmay:vmrnf jzpfaMumif;ESiUf 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGit
Uf a&;rsm;ukd twm;tqD;jzpfvmrnf jzpfaMumif;} azmfjyxm;onf/
1958 ck? pufwifbmv (29) &ufwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? wuo? &uo wkdYrS ]wkev
f yI af csmufjcm;atmif
rvkyfygESifU} [laomacgif;pOfjzifh aMunmcsufxkwfjyef&mwGifpufwifbmv (26) &ufaehwGif OD;Eku AkdvfcsKyfae0if;tm; tmPmvTJajymif;ay;rnf[k aMunmNyD;aemuf
ArmUwyfrawmfrS armfvNrKd i?f jynfNrKd rY sm;wGif Ekid if aH &;orm;rsm;ukd zrf;qD;jcif;? a&vrf;? uke;f vrf;wavQmuf toGm;tvm
rsm;ukd &yfwefh mS azGjcif;wko
hd nf jynfow
l t
hdk m; wkev
f yI af jcmufjcm;aponft
U jyif vGwv
f yfpmG zGpYJ nf;? pnf;k;H a[majymjcif;ukd
csKycf s,jf cif;onf ppftmPmykid t
f yk pf ;dk a&;okhd ykahd qmifay;jcif; jzpfaeonft
U wGuf oufqidk &f mrS&yfqidk ;f ay;&ef awmif;qkd
ygonf/
1958 ck? pufwifbmv (30) &ufaeY or*BuD; (3) ckrS OD;pD;NyD; ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;yGJ w&yfudk
wuotaqmuftOD usif;yonf/ ,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif1958 ck? pufwifbmv (28) &ufaeY aeYpyJG g or*BuD; (3) ck\ ]ppfwyfrS tmPmodr;f jcif;ESihf ywfoufaom
oabmxm;} [laom aMunmcsufuakd xmufcaH Mumif; tqdw
k ifoiG ;f &m &JacgiftzGUJ 0ifausmif;om;rsm;jzpfaom udck u
kd f
aTvS tygt0if (4) OD;u uefYuGufaomfvnf; trsm;pku axmufcHMu&m tqdkrSmtwnf jzpfoGm;onf/ nae (2)
em&DcGJ tcsdef tpnf;ta0;tNyD;wGif bwfpfum; (26) pD;jzifh NrdKUwGif;odkY vSnfhvnfqEjy&if;]wyfrawmf0if rpGufeJh? wyfrawmfudk ckwHk;rvkyfeJh}
]wyfrawmftpOftvm xdef;Mu}
]Ncdrf;ajcmufNyD; tmPmrodrf;eJh}
]vufeufjzifUtmPmodrf;wm uefhuGufMu}
]e,fcsJYtMuHtpnf wm;qD;Mu}
]'Drdkua&pDtcGifUta&; umuG,fMu}
]jynfolhtmPm jynfolhjyeftyf}
]jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; t&,lMu}
wuo? Auorsm;tzJcYG sKy?f &uo (3) zJaYG ygi;f um
]zrf;xm;olawG tjrefvTwf}
pnf;a0;uefu
h u
G
f ,ckuo
UJ hkd vSnv
Uf nfqEjycJo
U nf
]ausmif;om;ESifUjynfol vufwGJMu}
(0JbufrS pa&vQif wwd,ajrmuf- Ou| udck ifarmiftek ;f )
547
-paom a<u;aMumfoHrsm;jzifh a<u;aMumfMuonf/ tcsKdUowif;pmrsm;u Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;vdkaom
ausmif;om;rsm;? ygwDcsif; tmPmvkyGJwGif 1949 ckESpfuJhodkY 1958 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ MoZmcH ausmif;om;
rsm;rS wqifh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; ckwHk;vkyfcH&onf[k a&;om;NyD; tcsKdUowif;pmq&mrsm;u ausmif;om;rsm; trsKd;om;
a&;udk aqmifGufMuonf[k a&;om;Muonf/
(ps)
1958 ck 'DZifbmv (2) &ufaeh bGUJ ESi;f obifcef;r rdeMhf um;aom

wuov
kd t
f "dywd Edik if aH wmf0efMu;D csKyf Adv
k cf sKyaf e0if;\ rdechf eG ;f tESpcf sKyf
(1)
(2)
(3)
ausmif;om;avmurSm pnf;urf;rJhaew,f? ausmif;BuD;udkrD;IdUcsifwJh ausmif;om;rsKd;[m olwdkYvlBuD;jzpfwJh

acwfa&muf&if b,fvw
kd ikd ;f jynfrsKd; zefw;D r,fqw
kd m rawG;0Hb
h ;l / usKyftpd;k &vufxufrmS pnf;urf;ao0yf
rI&atmif tkwfjrpfcscJhr,f/ 'grSvnf; rif;wdkYaemifa&;eJY wdkif;jynfaemifa&;twGuf aumif;vmr,f/
Armausmif;om;awG vGwv
f yfa&;wdu
k yf rJG mS aSUqH;k uaeyg0ifcw
hJ ,f/ tajctaeuvnf; 'Dvykd grSjzpfw,f/
olwdkYuvnf; tm;udk;&ma&mufatmif aqmifGufcJhw,f/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD; ausmif;om;awG&JUwm0ef[m
ynmoifMum; zdkYyJ/ ynmrwwf&if ta&;rBuD;bl;qdk&if rSm;wJhtawG;tac:yJ/ EdkifiHa&;orm;awGuvnf;
ausmif;om;ta&jcHKNyD; ausmif;om;awG&JU ynmoifysufatmif rvkyfMueJY/ 'Dvdk EdkifiHa&;orm;awGawGU&if
jyif;jyif;xefxef ta&;,l&rnf/
'DaeYbGJU,lNyD; ausmif;om;avmuu xGufoGm;rJh yk*dKvfawGtwGufjzpfw,f? 'D*&D&&ifNyD;wmyJqdkNyD; urmY
tqifhtwef;udk rrDao;bl;/
(n) 1957- 58 td;k a0r*Zif; (armifo[

D ) aqmif;yg;
wuov
kd ef ,fajrrS e,fcsaYJ jcukwpf cef;
wuodkvfe,fajrodkY ra&muf&onfrSm Mumovdkvdk pdwfxJwGifSdonf/ trSefpifppf (1) vMumrQom Sdao;onf/
rdk;zGJzGJav;rsm; cyfyg;yg;MuJcsaeaom weHeufcif;wGif wuodkvfe,fajrqDodkY csOf;uyfcJhonf/ OD;pGmyxr wuo
pm;aomufqdkifBuD;xJodkY 0ifoGm;rdonf? eHeufapmapm (7) em&DcGJavmufwGif wuoacgif;aqmiftcsKdU 0dkif;zGJU vuf&nf
aomufaeMuonfudkvnf; owd&rdonfu waMumif;? ajcvsifavQmuf&aom 'PfaMumifh 0rf;[maeonfudk jznfhwif;&ef
0ifvmcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ NyD;awmhSdao;onf? wuodkvfavmuESifh ArmEdkifiHavmuwvTm;\ vIyfSm;rIowif;rsm;udkvnf;
Mum;Edkifonfjzpf wckckawmh xl;wmqef;wm Mum;&rSmyJ[laom ndKUuvnf; &pfywfae\/
w,faxmifwJU tar&duef
vuf&nfqdkifzGifhprdkY vuf&nfwcGufaomufEdkif&ef a&aEG;qlatmif apmifh&jyefonf/ pm;yGJay:rS wckaomowif;pm
pkwfudk qGJ,lMunfhrdonf/ wrsufESmrS wrsufESmul; MunfhvQifyif owif;pmaxmifhwae&m tar&duefjyefMum;a&;Xme
rSxkwfa0rnfh vif;a&mifjcnfr*Zif;BuD; xGufawmhrnf/ Zlvdkifv (1) &ufaeYuyif cdkif&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;xHrS trdefY
pm&NyD;/ Armhpmayacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm; b,folb,f0gawG a&;Murnfqdkaom aMumfjimcsufav;udk awGUjrifzwfIrdygonf/
onfaMumfjimcsufav;udkyif rsufawmifrcwfEdkifbJ pl;pl;pdkufpdkufMunfhaerd&if; ]w,fNyD; tar&duefawG axmifaeygvm;}
[k wifpm;rdygonf/
vuf&nfwcGufvmcsrSyif tpOf;pm;&yfoGm;onf/ rMumrDyif rdwfaqGtcsKdUESifh wuoacgif;aqmifwOD; a&mufvm
onf/ vuf&nf0dkif; zGJUrdawmhonf/
reufapmapmpD;pD; wuodkvfe,fajrtwGif;odkY a&mufvmjcif;udk trsKd;rsKd;ajymqdk aemufajymifMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmf
awGUjrifcHpm;rdaom tar&duefjyefMum;a&; aMumfjimtaMumif; ed'gef;ysKd;rdonf/ onfuyifp wuodkvfe,fajrtwGif;odkY
usL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmaom tar&dueftE&m,frsm;txd pum;abmifus,foGm;onf/
[kwfayonf/ ,aeYwuodkvfBuD;wGif ynma&;Muyfwnf;rIomru wuodkvfBuD;tm; &pfoef;zHk;vGrf;oGm;rnfh tar
&duef tE&m,frsm;uvnf; Ncdrf;ajcmufaeayonf/
0gSifwefcHwyfBuD;
wuodkvfe,fajrudk yHkqGJMunfhvQif tawmfyif pdwfxdcdkufrdonf/ tar&duefwdkY\ ajcukwfpcef;rsm;ESifh &HaGvsuf
wuodkvfBuD;onf MumSnf pnfyifEdkiftHhavm[lvnf; oHo,jzpfrdonf/ taSUuqDrS wuodkvfodkYvm&m vrf;rBuD;
548

(wuodkvf&dyfomvrf;) eHab;wGif tar&duefaysmfpH&dyfNidrf 0gSifwefygwfBuD;udk cHwyf0if;BuD;ozG,f awGUjrif&onf/
tif;vsm;vrf;ra&mufcif bDtdkpDrefae*sm rpwmvufzfGdKif;\ aetdrfSd&modkYoGm;onfh vrf;ajrmifuav; (Green
Bank) axmifhwGif jrefrm-tar&duef,Ofaus;rItoif;\ {&mrtaqmuftOD tkwfjrpfrsm; awGU&awmhonf/ xdkrS
taemufzuf wac:rQoma0;onfhae&m tif;vsm;axmifhwGifum; tar&duefjyefMum;a&;Xme\ 0g'jzefYjyyGJrSeforQ
cif;usif;&ef aqmufvkyfxm;aom (Gerdesic Doom) ac: EdkifvGefGufxnfHkBuD;udk awGU&onf/ tif;vsm;vrf;awmifESifh
ajrmufydkif;wGif um;vrf;awGU&onf/ 1957 ckESpfu wckaom taqmuftODwGif t*FvdyfaeYpOf owif;pmq&mBuD;wOD;u
uGefjrLepfqefYusifa&;w&m;a[mNyD; uGefjrLepfqefaomwyfOD;tm; rJray;&efa[majymcJhonfudk owif;pmxJwGif zwfrdMu
vdrfhrnf/
,if;azmfjyygXmersm;rSae jrefrmjynfSd tar&duefwdkYonf jynfwGif;a&;udk pGufzufajcIyfvsuf Sdonf/ jynfvrf;
rBuD;\ wckwnf;aom jcHtwGif;um tmStaSUawmifydkif;qdkif&m tar&duefajcIyfEdkifa&;? uGefjrLepfqefYusifa&;
tkwfjrpfcsa&;tzGJU (0g) tmSazmifa';&Sif;vkyfief;wnf&m Hk;BuD;Sdao;onf/
tar&duefaumif;yHkawG
t"du XmeBuD;ESifh tar&duefjyefMum;a&;XmewdkYyl;aygif;um tEl;nHhqHk; yHkoPmefrsm;jzifh wuodkvfe,fajrwGif
tar&duefyHkpHoGif;? 0g'jzefYvkyfief;rsm; wGifwGifBuD; vkyfudkifaeMuonf/ ]tar&duef,Ofaus;rI qdkonfum;} ]tar&duef
ynm[lonf} ]tar&duefulnDrI t&mwdkhum;} wdkYESifhcsnf; 0g'jzefYvsufSdonf/ xdk0g'jzefYcsufrsm;yif tar&duefom
urmYrdwfaqGppf? urmY&efolum; uGefjrLepfpaom 0g'jzefYrIwdkYrSm zHk;uG,fr&Edkif/
(Family of Man) avmuZmwfcHk "gwfyHkjyyGJwckwGif vljzpf&mrS cspfcifMuifem arwmwG,fNidyHk? vltpOftquf
aygufzGm;yHk BuD;jyif;vmyHk? ausmif;om;? tvkyform;b0ponfh usifvnfBuD;xGm;vmMu&aom tqifhqifhb0rsm;udk
jyocJh&mwGif ]a'gopdwjf zifU awmfveS Mf u&m} [laom acgif;pOf"gwfyHkwGif [efa*&DwefjyefawmfvSefa&; owif;"gwfyHkum;
jy\/ uGefjrLepfrsm;\ nOf;yef;'Pfudk rcHEdkif tHk<uawmfvSefMuyHk[l tar&duefwOD;u Sif;jyaejcif;uyif olwdkYZmwd
bGm;bGm;BuD; ay:onf/ "gwfyHkwyHk\ tEkynmvuf&majrmufonfudk [efa[&DwefjyefawmfvSefa&; oHcsyfum;tm;
cJESifhypfaeyHk jyo&rnfavm/ tb,faMumifh awmiftar&duSd *GmwDrmvmtm; tar&duefwdkY 0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufonfudk
vuf&majrmufaom um;wum; kduful;rjyoenf;[k ar;rdaom ausmif;om;tm; xdk;rcef;? Budwfrcef;ESifh bkajymjcif;rSm
tonf;uRJcwfrdonfh twGufaMumifhom jzpfonf/
'vHawGvmNyD;
,if;odkY 0g'jzefYjyyGJrsKd;pHkudk usif;yap&m cef;raqmifBuD;udk tjrJwap rGrf;rHcs,foxm;onfhenf;wl wuodkvfwGif;
arTaESmufae&ef 'vHrsm; vTwfxm;ayao;onf/ tar&d'vHtcsKdUrSm wuodkvfausmif;om;tcsKdU\ taqmifrsm;wGifvnf;
aumif;? wuodkvfq&ma*[mrsm;vnf;aumif;? ygarmu\aetdrfvnf;aumif; tjrJvdkawGUjrifMu&onf/ ,if;odkY
0ifxGufoGm;vmaeMuaom tdrfrsm;wGif tar&duefwdkYonf tBudKufudkay; usKH;oGif;avonf/ tar&duef jyefMum;a&;
XmerS (16) rDvDrDwm kyfSifjypufrsm;rSm tar&dueft&mSdrsm;ESifh ykvJeHyoifhaeaomolrsm;\ taqmif? tdrfrsm;yif
tjrJvdkyifay;xm;onf/ ygarmuwOD;tdrfwGif jyefMum;a&;XmerS aemufqHk;tar&duefjynfrS a&mufvmaom urmhowif;
um;rsm;yif &SdjyoaeMuonf/ tar&duef-jrefrmcspfMunfa&; wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;onfudk auseyfrdaomfvnf; cspfMunfa&;
xuf cdkif;wdkif;&Edkifa&;twGufom ESpfodrfhqkrsm;jzpfae 0rf;enf;p&maumif;onf/ azmifa';Sif;tpHkpHkrS ta&;ygt&m
a&mufolrsm;ESifh 0ifqefY&if;ESD;um olwumxufapm tar&duefynmawmfoif rnfrnfrQ ,ckESpfac:rnfudk odSd&aom
olwdkYrSm tar&duefoGm;a&;twGuf jyifqifNyD;om;csnf;jzpf&onf[k owif;rsm;jyefYvGifhcJh 0ifqefYcsifolrsm;uvnf;
rsm;vm\/ tar&duefESifhaygif;vQif tcGifhta&;&onf[laom tpGJtvrf;wdkUrSm q&ma&m ausmif;om;wdkY pdwfyg
udef;0yfapjcif;onfyif tE&m,fjzpfvmacs\/ olwdkYESifh &if;ESD;olwdkYajymorQ emcHacgif;NidrfhaewwfolwdkYrSm ynmawmfoif
oGm;&m taocsmqHk;jzpfNyD; tar&duefoHHk;ESifhvnf;aumif; qufoG,f&m vufatmufcHoHHk;? tzGJUtpnf;toif;wdkY
txl;ojzifh U.S.I.S ponfwdkY vcSpf&mwaxmifpm;&zdkY rcJ,Of;? tenf;qHk; kyfSifjypufoifwef;wufolrsm;tm;
vc (300) pm;ESifh waeY (2) em&DavmufyJ cdkif;onf[laom tar&duefxrif;tdk;taMumif; 0g'jzefYolrsm;uvnf;
,ef;uD;qefaom vli,fydkif;vnf; oumwifvJuJhodkY csKdjraeMuonf? wuodkvfrSygarmutcsKdUyifvQif jrefrmynmSd
rsm;[laom*kPfoa&udkyif rq,fMubJ tar&duefrsm;ESifhaygif; a&cJaowm tacsmif&atmif0,fjcif;? tat;cef;puf
wywfEGrf;udk aps;aygaygESifh&Sda&;twGuf rsufESmcsKdaoG;jcif;? kyfSifjypuf? &Daumf'g? uifr&mrStp tar&duefum;txd
tpm;pm;paom ypnf;rsm;udk aps;aygaygvnf;&rnf/ t&pfusqyfEdkifaomtcGifhta&;vnf; &Edkifrnf[k cspfMunfa&;
xrif;auR;&jcif; paom c,0yfwGm;rIrsm; jyKvkyfaeMuonfESifhtrQ ,ef;uD;wdkYuvnf; ]jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkhrSm olrwlaom
apwemydkMuonf} [k wefjyefaumif;csD;Mobmay;vsuf ]'geJhcifAsm; wqdwfavmuf a[m'gav;ulnDygOD;? wjcm;awmU
r[kwfygbl;? wuodkvfe,fajrrSm tpDtpOfav;vkyfcsifw,f} [k awmif;qdkvmonf/ ao;i,foa,mifESifh vnfrsKdnpfrnfh
tpDtpOfjzpfrSef;vnf; rodbJ acgif;ndwf&Sm\/
549
bD;vl;pnf; vlpnf;uGJNyD;
tpDtpOfuav;qdkonfu wuodkvfor*ESifh,SOfNydKifEdkif&ef ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf pm;aomufqdkiftaqmuftODwck
zGifhvSpfa&;tpDtpOfyif jzpfonf/ wuodkvfor*acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; jzm;a,mif;&efjzpf\/ onftpDtpOf atmifjrifvQif
azmifa';Sif;\taxmuftyHhjzifh wif;epf? bufwrifwefupm;uGif; taqmuftODwck aqmufay;rnf[k avypfxm;jcif;
jzpfonf/ upm;ckefpm;bufwGif wuodkvftmPmydkifwdkYu ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tar&duefodrf;oGif;a&;jzpfaom (pm;
aomuf0if;? uifwif;) zGifhEdkifvQif upm;uGif;taqmuftODudk yGJctjzpfay;&ef ,kwfrmaomtMuHjzpfonf/ ygarmuwOD;ESifh
t&mSdwOD;u acR;'D;'D;usatmif wuoacgif;aqmifrsm;tm; ac:,laqG;aEG;\/ wuorS vufrcHrS tm;avQmhoGm;&aom
tjzpfuav;rSm rarhEdkifacs/
odkY tajctaeqdk;rsm;teuf txl;ta&;tBuD;qHk;tcsufrSm ygarmucsKyfudk,fwdkifonfyif tmSazmifa';Sif;?
zdkY'fazmifa';Sif;wdkY ta&;ygaom tzGJU0ifwOD;jzpfaeNyD; ,if;azmifa';Sif;wdkYrS ay;orQtcGifhta&;wdkYudk,lum wuodkvf
tjrJaeonfrSdawmhbJ (1) ESpfwGif (10) vcefY EdkifiHjcm;rsm;om tcsdefukefaejcif;jzpfonf/ pHkprf;odSd&oavmufrSm
odkY tar&dueftaxmuftyHhrsm;jzifh EdkifiHjcm;odkYvSnfhvnfaejcif;twGuf zdwfac:csufrStp tcGifhta&;&yHkwdkYudk
wuodkvftkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmtydkifqHk;jzpfaom wuodkvfaumifpDudk rwifjyjcif;jzpfonfqdkonf/ udptwGuf tawmf
yif*,ufdkufaeonf/ tar&dueftaxmuftyHhjzifh pm;aejcif;udk cGifhjyKxm;csufaMumifh wuodkvfaumifpDwGif tjypfBuD;
av;pGm usa&mufaeavonf/ tar&duefwdkY wuodkvfe,fajr ajcIyfaejcif;udk tao;pdwfazmfjy&vQif qHk;tHhrxifaom
tajctaeodkY a&mufSdaeNyD;jzpf&m wuodkvfausmif;om; avmuBuD;twGuf wuoonf t"duwm0efSdonfhenf;wl
wuodkvfavmuBuD;wckvHk;twGuf wuodkvfaumifpDu txl;wm0efSdaeayonf/ tcsdefrD ppfaq;wm;qD;ygrS &efukef
wuodkvfonf tar&duef\aESmifBudK;rS vGwfajrmufrnfjzpfonf/
armifoD[
(#)
ausmif;om;rsm;OD;pD;usi;f yonfh (38) Burd af jrmuf trsK;d om;atmifyaGJ eh csw

D uf&efE;dI aqmfpm
ausmif;om;rsm;OD;pD;usiyf onfh (38) Burd af jrmuf trsK;d om;atmifyaJG ehohkd wcJeufcsw

D ufMuavmU rdbjynforl sm;ESiUf
&Jabmfausmif;olôm;taygif;wdkh(38) Budraf jrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyaJG eYukd ArmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGUJ csKyf? &efuek af usmif;
om;rsm;or* (wuo)? &efuek cf dik af usmif;om;rsm;or* (&uo) ausmif;om;or* (3) ckrS OD;pD;um toif;tzGUJ
aygif;pHkyg0ifvsuf 1958 ck? 'DZifbmv (5) &uf? aomMumaeY? eHeuf (7) em&DwGif &efukefNrdKU? ql;avbk&m;vrf;?
tvkyform;ausmufwdkif usif;yrnfjzpfonf/
1920 jynfhESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf (10) &ufaeYwGif &efukefwuodkvf ynmoifMum;vsufSdaom
ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;onf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;rsm;u jyKvkyfaom wuodkvftufOya'udk rESpfoufojzifh
oydwfarSmufum uefYuGufqEjycJhayonf/ xdkodkY wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;u oydwfarSmuf? uefYuGufqEjy
vdkufjcif;onf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm; vufatmufodkY usa&mufvsufSdaom uRefoabmufb0udk pwifwGef;vSef
wdu
k cf u
kd jf cif; jzpfayonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh t*Fvyd ef ,fcsJUorm; vufatmufrS vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf wrsKd;om;
vHk;udk qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&ef wyfvSefYEId;aqmfvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/
odkYtwGufvnf; 1920 jynhfESpf wuodkvfoydwfta&;awmfyHkBuD;udk wrsKd;om;vHk;u tHk;tHk;<uuf<uuf
wcJeufaxmufcHcJhHkrQru xdkaeYudkyif e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? trsKd;om;a&; pdwf"gwfpwifvIHYaqmfay;&m trsKd;om;
atmifyGJaeYtjzpf owfrSwfum ESpfpOfusif;ycJhjcif; jzpfonf/
1920 jynfhESpf wuodkvfoydwfta&;awmfyHkBuD;\ vIHUaqmfay;rIaMumifh e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? trsKd;om;
vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf Armjynfolw&yfvHk;onf qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifcJh&m 1948 ck? Zefe0g&D (4) &ufaeYwGif
t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;rsm;onf tavQmhay;um Armjynftm; vGwfvyfa&;ay;cJhonf/
odkYwapvnf; t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;rsm;? tar&duefe,fcsJUorm;wdkYonf vGwfvyfNyD;p jrefrmEdkifiHtm;
if;wdkYvufatmuf jyefvnfa&mufSdapa&;twGuf acwfopfudkvdkeDpepfjzpfaom ppftkyfpktwGif;odkY oGwfoGif;
ap&ef tjrJwap BudK;yrf;vsufSdonf? e,fcsJUorm;vufyg;aprsm;rS wqifhBudK;yrf;vsufSd&m ,aeYtcsdefwGif
vGwfvyfa&;udk yg xdyg;onfh e,fcsJUtE&m,fonf BuD;rm;rsm;jym;vsufSdonf/ txl;ojzifh tmStv,fydkif;ESifh
taSUawmiftmSwGif e,fcsJUorm;wdkY\pGufzufvmrI? MuHpnfvmrIESifh jzpf&yfrsm;u oufaojyvsufSdonf/
550

e,fcsJUorm;\vIHYaqmfrIaMumifhvnf; ArmjynftwGif;0,f trsKd;om;tcsif;csif; ppfwvif;cif;um jynf
wGi;f ppfr;D BuD; [ke;f [ke;f awmufco
hJ nf/ ,aeYqv
kd Qif (10) ESpaf usmf (11) ESpt
f wGi;f odYk csif;eif;vkNyD jzpfayonf/
jynfwGif;ppfrD;BuD; rNidrf;EdkifonfESifhtrQ wdkif;jynfwGif waeYwjcm; 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;rSm avsmhyg;qHk;IH;
vmcJhonf/ ,aeYqdkvQif 'Drdkua&pDa&mifjcnfrSm aysmufuG,fvkrwwf jzpfaeayNyD/ ukefaps;EIef;rsm;rSm waeY
wjcm; jrifhrm;vmum pD;yGm;a&;usyfwnf;vSonf/ vlxkrSm waeYwjcm; qif;&JEGrf;yg;vmcJh&onf/ ynma&;?
,Ofaus;rItygt0if vlrIa&;rsm;rSmvnf; ysufjym;vsufSdayonf/
odYk twGuf waeYwjcm; wd;k yGm;rsm;jym;vmaom e,fcsUJ orm;tE&m,fukd umuG,u
f m trsK;d om;vGwv
f yfrI
xde;f odr;f umuG,af &;? Nidr;f csr;f a&;? 'Dru
kd a&pDa&;? pD;yGm;zGUH NzdK;wd;k wufa&;twGuf wrsK;d om;vH;k pnf;vH;k nDw
G &f ef
tcsdefusa&mufvsufSdayonf/ 1920 jynfhESpfu pwifvIHUaqmfay;cJhaom trsKd;om;a&;pdwf"gwfwdkYudk tm;opf
arG;um wrsKd;om;vHk; pnf;vHk;nDGwfa&;twGuf tav;ay;&ef tcsdefwefayNyD/
(38) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYBuD;wGif wrsKd;om;vHk; nDnGwfa&;twGuf tm;opfarG;um
wnfaqmufMu&ef ausmif;om;ôlrsm;? tvkyform;rsm;? v,form;rsm;? NrdKUaevlwef;pm;? pma&;pmcsDtrIxrf;
rsm;ESifhwuG vlrsKd;pkrsm;? EdkifiHa&;toif;tzGJUrsm;yg ausmif;om;rsm; OD;pD;usif;yonfh (38) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;
atmifyGJaeYodkY tHk;tHk;<uuf<uuf wcJeufcsDwufMuyg&ef wdkufwGef;EIdaqmf vdkufygaMumif;/
-
wrsKd;om;vHk; pnf;Hk;nDGwfMu
jynfwGifNidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf aqmifGufMu
'Drdkua&pDtcGifUta&; umuG,fMu
e,fcsJYvkyfMuHrItE&m,f wm;qD;Mu
aehpGJ- 24? 11? 58
trsKd;om;atmifyGJaehusif;ya&;aumfrwD (&efukefNrdKY)
(X) oD;jcm;rEav;wuov
kd f txdr;f trSwyf aJG wmf
rEav;wGif ppfBudKacwfu OypmaumvdyftjzpfomSdcJhonf/ ppfNyD;acwf OypmtxdomrubJ (4) ESpf
oifwef; txdcdS o
hJ nf? pdu
k yf sK;d a&;ynmr[mXmeudv
k nf; zGix
hf m;onf/ oD;jcm;wuov
kd f jzpfvmaomtcg aq;ynm
r[mXmewck wdk;csJUzGifhvSpfcJhonf/ oD;jcm;wuodkvf[k w&m;0ifrjzpfrD rEav;wuodkvfonf &efukefwuodkvfESifh
qufoG,fxm;aom wuodkvfaumifpD (&efukefwuodkvf) vufatmufcHjzpfcJhonf/
rEav;ausmif;tkyfBuD; OD;udkudkav;? qdkS,fvpfygwDrS ta&;ygaom rEav;om;0efBuD;rsm;? wuowdkY
BudK;pm;rI? wuodkvfaumifpDwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfaom wuoOu|a[mif; OD;armifarmifausmf (,ck
A[kd w&m;k;H aSUae) ESihf OD;vSwif (A[kw
d &m;k;H aSUae) wkYdonf wuooabmxm;ukd tav;teufxm; wifjyBudK;pm;
cJhonf/
1957-58 ynmoifEpS w
f iG f Oya'jy|mef; rEav;wuov
dk u
f dk oD;jcm;wuov
dk t
f jzpf zGUJ pnf;vdu
k o
f nf/
rEav;rS aq;ynmr[mXmeESif pkdufysdK;a&;r[mXmewkdYonf rEav;wuokdvfESihf wGJzufxm;aom r[mXmersm;
jzpfoGm;onf/ rEav;wuokdvfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS oD;jcm;rEav;wuokdvf tMudKyGJawmfukd usif;ycJhonf/
551
(!)
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcpH m (1957-58)
1957 ck? pufwifbmvrS 1958 ck? Zefe0g&Dvukeftxd vkyfaqmifNyD;pD;cJUaom vkyfief;tpD&ifcHpm

tcef; (1)
tpD&ifcHpmwGif yxrOD;qkH;azmfjyxm;vdkonfrSm uRefawmfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJU oufwrf;ig;vtwGif;
ausmif;om;tusKd;jyK vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm; aqmifGufcJhjcif;udk azmfjyxm;onfhtwGufaMumifh 1957-58 ckESpf
wuo trIaqmiftzGJU\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm; tm;vkH;udk t<uif;rJh vkyfudkifNyD;pD; taumiftxnfazmfNyD;aMumif;
r,lqapvdjk cif; jzpfonf/ ,aeYxd vkyu
f ikd Nf yD;pD;aom vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf if;wdYk\ atmifjrifcsuf ratmifjrifcsurf sm;udo
k m
t"duxm; azmfjytpD&ifcHoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; vkyfudkifaeqJ rNyD;jywfao;aom vkyfief;rsm;ESifh rvkyfudkif&ao;aom
vkyfief;&yfrsm;udkvnf; tvsOf;oifhovdk qufpyfazmfjy oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*\ yxrywf Ou|? 'k-Ou|ESihf aiGxed ;f ae&mrsm;twGuf aG;aumuf
yGu
J kd 1957 ck? Mo*kwv
f (31) &ufaeYwiG f usi;f ycJ&h m &efuek w
f uov
kd f ausmif;om;nDw
G af &;wyfO;D \ ud,
k pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzpfaom udkpdk;odef;tm; Ou|tjzpf vnf;aumif;? udkpDtm; 'k-Ou|tjzpf vnf;aumif;? udkodef;Seftm; aiGxdef;
tjzpf vnf;aumif; ausmif;om;xk\ wcJeuf aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cHcJh&ayonf/
'kwd,ywftrIaqmif (6) OD; aG;aumufyGJudk 1957 ck? pufwifbmv (10) &ufaeYwGif usif;ycJh&m
ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD; udk,fpm;vS,frsm; jzpfaom udkcifarmiftkef;? udkcifarmifBuD;? udkcifatmif? apmwm
omuvm;? udkatmifxGef;ESifh armifudk,kwdkY taG;cH tEdkif&SdcJhonf/
trIaqmif (6) OD;tm; 17? 9? 57 &ufaeYrSp atmufazmfjyyg wuo\vkyfief;twdkif; wm0efrsm;
xrf;aqmif&ef cGJa0ay;tyfcJhonf/
(1) udkcifarmiftkef;
(2) udkcifarmifBuD;
wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;
(3) apmwmomuvm;
(4) udkcifatmif
(5) udkatmifxGef;
oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;
(6) armifudk,k
wuo\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (11)? tykd'f (1)? tykd'fi,f (2) t& atmufyg &Jabmf
ESpfa,muftm; tdk;a0r*Zif;wm0efcHESifh yd#uwfwdkufrSL; wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmif&ef trIaqmiftzGJUrS aG;aumuf
cefYtyfcJhonf/
(1) udkPf&if
wm0efcHt,f'Dwm
(2) udkatmifomausmf
yd#uwfwdkufrSL;
wuozGJUpnf;ykHpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (19)? tykd'f (1) t& tdk;a0r*Zif;aumfrwDudk atmufygtwdkif;
zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
(1) udkPf&if
wm0efcHt,f'Dwm
(2) udkodef;Sef
aiGxdef;
(3) udkwifat;
twGif;a&;rSL;
(4) udkaX;atmif
tvkyfrefae*sm
(5) rMunfat;
aumfrwD0if
(6) udkzdk;[ef
aumfrwD0if
(7) udkvSjrifh
aumfrwD0if
wuo\zGJUpnf;ykHpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (18)? tydk'f (1) t& yd#uwfwdkufaumfrwDudk atmufygtwdkif;
zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
(1) udkatmifomausmf
yd#uwfwdkufrSL;
(2) udkodef;Sef
aiGxdef;
(3) udkcifarmifGefY
(4) udkaxG;
552

(5) udkpef;atmif
(6) udkGefYazoef;
(7) udkausmfpdef
&efuek w
f uov
kd u
f pm;ckepf m;aumifpD (University Sport Council) odYk wuorS atmufygud,
k pf m;vS,f
rsm;udk aG;cs,fcefYtyfcJhonf/
(1) udkcifatmif
upm;ckefpm;XmerSL;
(2) udkae0if;
(3) udkpGefwdwf
(4) udkjrifhxGef;
(5) udkwifarmifaqG
(ausmufbD;vl;wifarmifaqG)
tjcm;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm; twGufvnf; qyfaumfrwDrsm; zGJUpnf;vkyfudkifcJhayonf/
&efuek w
f uov
kd f ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDoYkd wuo taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; udck ifarmiftek ;f ESihf trIaqmif
a[mif; udkatmifoef;wdkYtm; wuoudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aG;cs,fapvTwfcJhonf/
(W.U.S) aumfrwDodkY wuotrIaqmif apmwmomuvm;ESifh trIaqmifa[mif; udkvSazwdkYtm; wuo
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf aG;cs,fapvTwfcJhayonf/
&efukefwuodkvfaumifpDodkY(1) a'gufwmOD;{armif (w&m;0efBuD;a[mif;ESifh &efukefwuodkvf 'k-t"dywda[mif;)
(2) rpwmwDyD0rf; (wuoaiGxdef;a[mif;ESifh vTwfawmfaSUae) wdkYtm; wuo udk,fpm;vS,frsm; tjzpf
,refESpftwdkif; aG;cs,fwifajrmufcJhayonf/
a'gufwmOD;{armiftm; wuodkvfaq;kHaumfrwD0ifESifh wuodkvf&dyfom aumfrwD0iftjzpf vnf;aumif;?
rpwmwDyD0rf;tm; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD0ifESifh axmufyHha&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf vnf;aumif; wuodkvfaumifpDrS
aG;cs,f xnfhoGif;cJhayonf/
wuopm&if;ppftjzpf tpdk;&rSwfykHwifpm&if;ppf OD;pHausmfOD;tm; cefYxm;cJhonf/
,ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk ydkrdkwdk;csJU vkyfudkif
a&;twGuf oD;jcm;qyfaumfrwDuav;rsm; zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/
tcef; (2)
wuotrIaqmiftzGJY\ 0g'ESifUvkyfief;pOf
wuoOu|opf\ usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJudk 1957 ck? pufwifbmv (24) &ufaeYwGif ,k'oef cef;r
usi;f yjyKvky
f wuotrIaqmif tzGUJ opf\ 0g'ESiv
hf yk if ef;pOfrsm;udk atmufygtwdik ;f aMunmcJah yonf/ vkyif ef;pOf
rsm;udk (u) oufqdkif&mwdkhESifU awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifrnfUvkyfief;rsm;ESifU? (c) wuorS OD;pD;vkyfaqmif&rnfUvkyfief;
[l ESpfydkif;cGJjcm;xm;onf/ xdkYjyif wuo\ EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;twGuf tajccHoabmxm;
w&yfudkvnf; xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/
0g'
(1) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om; b0om,m ajzmifhjzL;a&;/
(2) ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyemwdkif;wGif aqmifGufvdkaom ausmif;om;
tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmifGufa&;/
(3) Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIxdef;odrf;jrifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGm aygif;oif;
qufqHa&;/
t"duvkyfief;pOfrsm;
(u) oufqdkif&mrsm;ESifU awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifrnfU vkyfief;rsm;1/ ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJrItwGuf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;w&yf jzpfajrmufa&;/
2/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;/
3/ atmufwdkbmausmif; (1) v ydwfa&;/
4/ ausmif;aqmifESifh aq;kH wdk;csJUa&;/
553
5/ aq;odyHoD;jcm;aumvdyf jzpfajrmufa&;/
6/ xD;wef;ESifh &efuif;? Oypmaumvdyftqifhxd a&mufSda&;/
7/ axmufyHhaMu;rsm; qufvuf&Sda&;/
(c) wuorS OD;pD;vkyfaqmifrnfU vkyfief;rsm;1/ tm;upm;ckefpm;jrifhwifa&;ESifh aumvdyfaygif;pkH ajy;ckefupm;yGJusif;ya&;/
2/ wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkHawGUqkHyGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;/
3/ ausmif;om; oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfa&;/
4/ ausmif;om;q&m yl;wGJvkyfaqmif nDGwfa&;/
5/ jynfhpkHaom ausmif;aqmifudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh &a&;/
EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;twGuf tajccHoabmxm;
,aeYurmwGif adS eaom urmYausmif;om;rsm;or* (I.U.S) ESihf urmYausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcH\ twGi;f a&;
rSL;rsm; yl;wGJ ;Hk (Coordinating Secretariat of The International Students Conference) [lonfh tzGUJ tpnf;
ESpf&yfwdkYtm; rnfonfhtzGJUESifhrQ tzGJU0iftjzpf qufoG,frnf r[kwfay/ if;tzGJUESpf&yf vkyfief;rsm;wGif wuo\
vkyfudkifaom tajccH0g'ESifh udkufnDaom vkyfief;rsm;wGifom yl;wGJyg0iffvkyfudkifoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/ urmYausmif;
om;nDw
G af &;twGuf (I.U.S) ESihf (Co-sec) odYk yl;wGv
J yk u
f ikd af &;twGuv
f nf; wuorS BudK;yrf;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
,aeY urmYausmif;om;avmuodYk vljzLvlrrJ aG;? bmomraG;? ,kMH unfcsufraG;bJ ausmif;om;xktcsif;
csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&; vdktyfvSonf/ if;tay:rSD tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;twGuf yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifMu
&ayrnf/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;&Sd&ef urmYppfwm;qD;a&;ESifh udkvdkeDe,fcsJUpepfudk qefYusif&rnf jzpfonf/
xdYk aMumifh befa'gif;wGif usif;ycJah om tmS-tmz&duausmif;om;nDvmcHrS wuo ud,
k w
f ikd f yg0ifcsrSwf
vdkufaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;? udkvdkeDe,fcsJUpepf qefYusifa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&; yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&; wdkYudk
tajccHum tmS-tmz&du aoG;pnf;nDGwfa&;udk wnfaqmuf&if; EdkifiHwumSd ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh
qufoG,fvkyfudkif oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
tcef;(3)
t"duvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;
1/
wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ onf usr;f opmused q
f ykd w
JG iG f aMunmcJah om 0g'ESiv
hf yk if ef;pOfrsm;udk taumiftxnf
ay:aygufvmap&ef usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJNyD;onfrS pwif tm;BudK;rmefwuf wufnDvufnDjzifh vkyfudkifaqmifGuf
cJhay&m xdkodkYaqmifGufcJhaom t"ducsrSwfxm;onfh vkyfief;rsm;ESifh ywfouf wifjyvdkufayonf/
1948 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (4) &ufaeYwiG f jrefrmEdik if o
H nf vGwv
f yfaom Edik if w
H Edik if t
H jzpfoYkd a&mufcdS ahJ yonf/
e,fcsJUorm;vufatmufrS vGwfajrmufum vGwfvyfaom EdkifiHwEdkifiH jzpfvmonfESifhtnD e,fcsJUorm;vufxuf
ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rI taqmufttkw
H Ykd ukd y,fzsufum jynfov
l x
l t
k usKd;twGuf taqmufttkt
H opfukd xyfrw
H nf
aqmuf&rnf jzpfayonf/
odkYaomf ,Ofaus;rIa&;&m tygt0ifjzpfonfh ynma&;taqmufttkHudkum; vGwfvyfaom jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdkifiHawmfESifh udkufnDpGm jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif; rSdao;ay/ odkYtwGufaMumifhvnf; ,aeY ynma&;avmuwGif
tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm; ay:aygufaeNyD;vQif rvdktyfaom tjzpftysufrsm; ay:xGufaeonfrSm rsufjrifxif
Sm;yif jzpfayonf/
odkY ay:aygufvmrIrsm;udk wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf tav;teufpOf;pm;cJhonf/ ynma&;tajct
aeudk rsufajcrjywfavhvm MunfhIcJhayonf/ ,aeYjzpfay:aeaom tcuftcJrsm;? tusyftwnf;rsm;udk jyKjyifzm
ax;kjH zifh raysmufEikd af wmhbJ vufydS nma&;pepfBuD; wckv;Hk udk ajymif;vJvsuf adS om jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H tajct
aeESihf udu
k n
f pD mG jyKjyifa&;qGrJ o
S m ajyaysmufEikd rf nf[k awGUScd ahJ yonf/ odYk awGUScd o
hJ nfh tm;avsmfpmG vufydS nm
a&;pepfBuD;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef twGuf Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u OD;pD;um ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; w&yfukd usi;f yay;&ef
wuorS awmif;qdkcJhayonf/
odYk ynma&;pepfopfw&yf ay:aygufvma&;twGuf 1957-58 ckEpS rf S pwif BudK;yrf;vm&m ,ckEpS w
f iG f
554

tawmftwef atmifjrifvmonf[k qdk&ayrnf/ wuoonf ynma&;pepfopf w&yfay:a&;twGuf yxrtqifh
taejzifh Edik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f m ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;w&yf vdt
k yfonf[k ,kMH unfojzifh tcsuu
f kd t"duvkyif ef;tae
ESifh csrSwf aqmifGufcJhayonf/
wuo\ ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;vkyfief;ESifh ywffoufNyD; ynma&;aumfrSifu 1957 ck?
Ed0k ifbmv (3) &ufaeYwiG f wuoud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk zdwaf c:aqG;aEG;cJo
h nf/ xdak umfrSiEf iS ahf qG;aEG;yGw
J iG f wuo
ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;taeESihf Edik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f m ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGEJ iS hf ywfoufaom wuo\oabmxm;rsm;udk tao;pdwf
wifjyaqG;aEG;cJo
h nf/ aumfrSiu
f vnf; wifjycsufrsm;udk tav;teuf cH,pl Of;pm;cJah yonf/ xdYk jyif aumfrSiu
f
wuo\ oabmxm;udk tao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;ESifhwuG rnfonfhykHpHjzpfonfudk aumfrSifodkY wifjy&ef
tMuHPfay;cJhayonf/
xdYkaMumifh wuo\ Edik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f mynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tao;pdwo
f abmxm;
wifjycsufudk 1957 ck? Edk0ifbmv (11) &ufaeYwGif wdkif;jynfESifh ausmif;om;xkodkY wifjyaMunmcJhayonf/ ynm
a&;aumfrwDodkYvnf; ay;ydkYwifjycJhavonf/
1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (28-29) &ufaeYrsm;wGif armfvjrdKifOypmaumvdyf pnf;a0;cef;r usif;ycJhaom
pwkwt
Budraf jrmuf wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pkH awGUqkaH qG;aEG;yGBJ uD;wGiv
f nf; ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf
EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk tpdk;&u OD;pD;usif;yay;&ef wuorS wifjyaqG;aEG; awmif;qdkcJhavonf/
ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJESifh ywfoufonfh wuo wifjycsufpmwrf;udkvnf; uGefz&ifhBuD;wGif wifjycJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh onfESpf wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ t"duwm0efjzpfaom ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; jzpfajrmuf
atmif aqmifGufa&;twGuf azmfjycJhonfh vkyfief;&yfrsm;ESifh wdk;wufajymif;vJvmaom tajctaersm;aMumifh wpkH
w&maom twdkif;twmxd atmifjrifvsufSdonf[k wuorS tav;teuf ,kHMunfonf/ tqkH;wdkifatmifjrifrI
&Sda&;twGufvnf; ravsmhaom vkHYvjzifh qufvuf BudK;yrf;oGm;rnf[k uwday;cJhygonf/
2/
(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk 1954-55 ckESpfrSp usifhokH;vmcJh&m if;pepfonf q&mrvkHavmufrI?
pmoifcef;rvkaH vmufr?I pmoifu&d ,
d m rvkaH vmufr?I ausmif;taqmuftOD rvkaH vmufrEI iS hf qxufxrf;yd;k wd;k wuf
vmaom tvkyfvufrJhjyem rajzSif;EdkifrI paom tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;udk ajzSif;onfhtaejzifh wuodkvf
wGif usifhokH;vmaomaMumifh pepfonf ausmif;om;xktusKd;ESifh vkH;0qefYusifum ,aeYynma&;avmuwGif
rvkdvm;tyfqkH;? tqdk;0g;qkH; epfemcsufjzpfonf[k wuou cH,layonf/ xdkYaMumifh (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf
pwifusifhokH;cJhonfh 1954 ckESpfp wuoacgif;aqmifrIjzifh ausmif;om;xkwdkufyGJrsm; qufwdkuf0ifcJh&m 195556 ckESpfwGif (3) cguspepfESifh 65% pepftwGuf pkHprf;a&;aumfrSifzGJUpnf;ay;cJh&NyD; 1956 ckESpf? Mo*kwfvwGif
wuodkvfynma&; pkHprf;a&;aumfrSifudk zGJUpnf;ay;cJh&onf/
odkY&mwGif (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfonf rnfodkYrQ ajymif;vJrvmbJ ,aeYxd ausmif;om;ôlaygif;
okH;axmifausmfrSm (3) cguspepf\ 0g;rsKdcHvdkuf&NyD; wuodkvfe,fajrrS ESifxkwfjcif;cHvdkuf&ayNyD/ rQ &ufpufqdk;
0g;pGm ausmif;olôm;rsm; ESpfpOf axmifESifhcsD ynmoifMum;a&; ydwfyifjcif;cHae&aom (3) cguspepfqdk;BuD;udk
wuorS acgif;aqmif ausmif;om;xkBuD;\ nDGwfa&;ESifh wcJeuf0dkif;0ef;qEjyawmif;qdkjcif;? rdbjynfolrsm;
uyg rw&m;rIudk odjrifvmatmif vkyfjcif;jzifh w&m;rQw wdkufyGJudk 0dkif;0ef;ulnD axmufcHvmapjcif;jzifh (3)
cguspepfudk vkH;0wuodkvfe,fajrrS usqkH;oGm;onftxd wdkufyGJ0ifawmif;qdkoGm;rnf[k wuorS csrSwfxm;cJh
ayonf/
odYk jzifh (3) cguspepfukd ausmif;om;xkn
D w
G af &;? wcJeuft<Hk uawmif;qdjk cif;jzifh vk;H 0atmifjrifEikd o
f nf[k
wuorS ,kHMunfonfhtavsmuf rysufrcsif; OD;vnfrokef qufvufvkyfudkif oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; uwday;cJhonf/
3/
&efukefwuodkvf &mZ0ifwGif tpOftquf atmufwdkbmvwGif ausmif;wvydwfvmcJh&m 1953 ckESpf
tmPmydkifwdkYu wuodkvfynma&; tqifhtwef; tvGefedrfhusae pmoifcsdef ydkay;jcif;tm;jzifh ausmif;om;xk\
t&nftcsif;jrifw
h ufvmap&ef[k taMumif;jyum atmufwb
kd mv (15) &ufom ausmif;ydwcf o
hJ nf/ odYk ausmif;
ydwf&uf tajymif;tvJvkyfvmjcif;onf apwemkd;ESifh ynma&;tqifhtwef; wdk;wufvm&ef vkyfjcif;r[kwfbJ
ynma&;vGwv
f yfciG u
hf kd xdyg;vmjcif;? jyifyEdik if aH &;ya,m*rsm; wuov
kd ef ,fxJ pGuzf ufvmjcif;? ausmif;om;xk\
rSeu
f efw&m;rQwaom tcGit
hf a&;udk ydwyf ifvmjcif;jzpfonf[k wuorS tav;teufc,
H o
l nf/ xdYk aMumifh ausmif;
wvydwfa&; jyefvnf&Sd&ef ausmif;om;? q&m? rdbyl;aygif; ta&;qdk&ef csrSwfcJhonf/
1957 ck? pufwifbmv (25) &ufaeYwiG f wuoonf aq;odyaH usmif;om;rsm;or*? tif*sife,
D mausmif;
555
om;rsm;or*EiS hf &efuek w
f uov
kd f aeYausmif;olôm;rsm;toif;wdYk rS ud,
k pf m;vS,w
f Ykd ukd zdwMf um;ac:,lum atmuf
wdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;\ t"duta&;BuD;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/ ausmif;wv
ydwaf &;onf q&mrsm;twGuf jyifqifcsdef ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf jyefvnfavhvmjcif;twGuv
f nf;aumif;? a'oE&
A[kow
k SmrS;D a&;? tcgBuD;&ufBuD; rdbaqGrsKd;rsm;xHjyefa&;? tem;,la&;rsm;twGuv
f nf;aumif;? wuov
kd yf nma&;
wGif rSv
d Qirf jzpfaom tcsujf zpfaMumif;? (15) &uf pmydo
k ifjHk zifh ynma&; rwd;k wufEikd af Mumif; ponfh tcsut
f vuf
rsm;udk azmfxw
k af qG;aEG;MuNyD; atmufwb
kd mausmif;wvydw&f efEiS hf udpw
ifjya&;twGuf &efuek w
f uov
kd t
f "dywd
OD;EkESifh awGUqkH&ef oabmwlnDcsufrsm; csrSwfEdkifcJhonf/
1957 ck? pufwifbmv (27) &ufaeYwGif atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;udp ta&;wBuD;aqmifGuf
&efdSonf/ pnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (5) tydk'ft& wuo txl;tpnf;ta0; w&yfac:,lum atmufwdkbmausmif;
wvydwfay;&ef? udppOf;pm;&ef ta&;ay: wuodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0; ac:,lay;&efESifh udpudk tusKd;t
aMumif;ESifhwuG jynfhpkHpGm aqG;aEG;wifjyEdkif&ef tqdkrsm;udk txl;tpnf;ta0;wGif wifoGif; qkH;jzwfcJhavonf/
odkY qkH;jzwfcsuft& atmufwdkbm (3) &ufaeYwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh wuodkvft"dywd
OD;EkwdkY awGUqkH&mwGif wuo udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ atmufwdkbmausmif;wv ydwfoifhaMumif; aqG;aEG;wifjyonfh
tcsuftvufrsm;? tudk;tum;taxmuftxm;rsm;udk wuodkvft"dywd OD;Ekudk,fwdkifvufcHvmNyD; ,ckESpf tcsdef
vGefaeNyDjzpfaomaMumifh rjzpfEdkifawmhaMumif;? udpu
dk ynma&;aumfrSifwGifvnf; wifjypOf;pm;rnf jzpfaMumif;?
vmrnfhESpf ausmif;wvydwfEdkifa&;twGuf BudK;pm;ay;rnf jzpfaMumif;wdkYudk uwday;cJhavonf/
xdkYaMumifh wuo\ atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&; aqmifGufcsuf\ atmifjrifrIonf ,ckESpfwGif
taumiftxnfESifhwuG rawGUjrif&aomfvnf; vmrnfhESpfrsm;wGif atmifjrifEdkif&ef vrf;prsm;yGifhvmNyD[k wuo
rS,lqayonf/ xdkodkY vrf;pyGifhvmaomfvnf; vkH;0atmifjrifrI&Sdvm&ef wuoonf pnf;vkH;nDGwfaom ausmif;
om;xktm;jzifh rnfrQxd wdkufyGJ0ifawmif;qdkEdkifrnf enf;[lonfh tcsufay:wGifom ausmif;om;xk\ atmifyGJwnf
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nf wjznf;jznf; aqmifGuf&rnfh
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aq;xk;d cGi&hf Sad &;? olemjyKq&mrrsm; vkaH vmufpmG cefYxm;a&;twGuf awmif;qdx
k m;ayonf/ awmif;qd&k Sd xm;ayNyD/
tjrefqkH;jzpfajrmufatmif taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;&ayrnf/
ausmif;aqmifrsm; rvkHavmufrIjyemudk tmPmydkifwdkYu (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfESifh ajzSif;ay;ae
aomfvnf; ESpfpOfwuodkvfrS rvTJombJ xGufoGm;&aom ausmif;om;ESifh 0ifvmaom ausmif;om;OD;a& rrQojzifh
tcef;rvkHavmufrI jyemrsm; ay:aygufvsuf Sdayonf/ ,ckESpfpwGif ausmif;om;aygif; (201) a,mufausmf
tcef;rSd wcef;ESpfa,mufpepfudk ,m,DtokH;jyK tcef;rvkHavmufrI jyemudk wuorS ,m,DajzSif;cJh&av
onf/ tcuftcJrsKd; vmrnfEh pS w
f iG f ydrk Bkd uD;rm;pGm &ifqikd &f OD;rnf[k wGucf sufEikd af yonf/ xdYk aMumifh ausmif;aqmif
opfrsm;udk wdk;wufvsufSdonfh ausmif;om;OD;a& tcsKd;tpm;udk vdkuf tjrefqkH; tvkHtavmuf aqmifGufay;&ef
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5/
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vsufSdonfhtwGuf oD;jcm;&yfwnfEdkifonfh tajctaewGifSdonf/ oD;jcm; aumvdyfjzpfjcif;jzifh t"duvdktyfcsuf
rsm;udk ydrk akd wmif;qdk wdu
k yf 0JG ifEikd jf cif;aMumifh (Constituent College) &Sad &;twGuf aq;odyaH usmif;om;rsm;or*EiS hf
wuowdkY ndEIdif;wdkifyifaqG;aEG;NyD;vQif tjrefEdkifqkH; taumiftxnfazmf&ef wuorS wifjyawmif;qdkxm;vsuf
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556

Mum;a&;tqifh rwdk;wufjcif;paom tcsuftvufwdkYrSm ,aeY &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfwdkY\ cHpm;&csufrsm;
jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh cHpm;&csufrsm; yaysmufa&;? tqifhtwef;rDaom Oypmaumvdyfwck jzpfay:a&;wdkYtwGuf
wuorS oufqdkif&modkY wifjyawmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifvsufSdavonf/ xdkodkY tqifhtwef;rSom Oypmaumvdyf
wcktjzpfnrD Qaom ausmif;aqmifrsm;? pmoifcef;rsm;? q&mrsm;? ausmif;ok;H ypn;f y&dabm*rsm;? "gwfccJG ef;ypn;f rsm;
udk wdk;csJUxm;&ef oufqdkif&modkY awmif;qdkxm;vsuf Sdayonf/
7/
1958 ckrSp &yfqdkif;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm; axmufyHhaMu;udk ,cktcsdefwdkif &yfqdkif;vsufyif Sdao;
onfukd tjrefq;Hk jyefvnf qufvufay;&ef wuorS awmif;qdv
k sufadS yonf/ jyemESihf wqufwnf;jzpfaom
wuov
kd f tok;H p&dwcf iG hf yaiG (University Grant) udv
k nf; ,aeYausmif;om;OD;a& tcsKd;tpm;ESihf udu
k n
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wdk;wufcGifhjyK xkwfay;&ef wygwnf; awmif;qdkxm;ayonf/ wuodkvfwGif ynmt&nftcsif; aumif;aomfvnf;
pD;yGm;a&;csKdUwJrh aI Mumifh ausmif;om;aygif;rsm;pGm ynmoifMum;vdyk gaomfvnf; roifMum;Edik Mf uacs/ aq;ESihf tif*sifeD
,mXmewdkYwGif jyifybkwfaumfrSif? ppfwyf paomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS axmufyHhaMu;rsm;,l ynmoifMum;ae&aom
ausmif;om;aygif;rsm;pGm Sad vonf/ trSepf ifppf odYk jyifyrS axmufyahH Mu;rsm; ay;jcif;xuf wuov
kd b
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ay;jcif;u ydrk akd umif; ydrk rkd eS u
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twGuf okH;pGJaiG (University Grant) udk tvkHtavmuf wdk;csJUay;&efESifh wqufwnf; t&nftcsif;xl;cRef
pD;yGm;a&;usyfwnf;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;rsm; jyefvnfay;yg&ef awmif;qdkxm;vsuf Sdayonf/
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1/
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SmazGjcif;rsm;udk vkyu
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f ;Hk tm;upm;ypn;f tultnDrsm;udk
vnf; ay;cJhayonf/
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kd f upm;ckepf m;aumifpD vkyif ef;rsm;wGif ta&;BuD;qk;H tydik ;f u yg0ifaqmifu
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jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf vIHYaqmfpnf;kH;a&; vkyfief;rsm;wGif wuo udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wm0ef,lxrf;aqmifcJhayonf/
rEav;tBudKyGJawmfodkYvnf; wuorSOD;pD; &efukefwuodkvfESifh rEav;wuodkvfwdkYSd ausmif;om;csif;
cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;wdkYtwGuf abmvkH;toif;? bwfpuufabmESifh abmfvDabmtoif;wdkY rEav;odkY oGm;a&muf
rdwfaqGjzpfyGJrsm; ,SOfjydKifupm;cJhMuayonf/
oufqdkif&mor*rsm;ESifh ndEIdif; wwd,tBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pkH ajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;udk 1957 ck?
'DZifbmv (27) &ufaeYwiG f armfvNrdKifNrdKU NrdKUrupm;uGi;f BuD;wGif atmifjrifpmG usif;yEdik cf o
hJ nf/ aumvdyaf ygif;pkH
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NrdKifOypmaumvdyfrS tm;upm;orm;rsm; pkpkaygif; (100) ausmfrQ yg0if,SOfNydKif upm;cJhMuayonf/ wuodkvfESifh
aumvdyftoD;oD;rS tm;upm;orm;rsm;onf pdwftm;xufoefpGmESifh vnf;aumif;? wOD;ESifhwOD; tvGefcspfMunf
&if;ES;D pGmjzifh vnf;aumif; upm;ckepf m;Muojzifh Armjynf wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyt
f oD;oD;wdYk \ upm;ckepf m;a&;tqifh
twef; jrifhrm;vma&;twGuf BuD;pGmtaxmuftul jzpfapayonf/
&efuek w
f uov
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upm;ckepf m;yGBJ uD; jzpfajrmufvma&;twGuf upm;ckepf m;orm;rsm; pkpnf;jcif;? ausmif;om;xk tm;ay;ulnrD &I S&d ef
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,ckESpf usif;yaom ESpfvnfupm;ckefpm;yGJBuD;wGif pHcsdefopf (5) ck wifvdkufEdkifayonf/
wuorS rQxd upm;ckefpm;ESifhywfouf vkyfudkifaqmifGufcJhygaomfvnf; arQmfrSef;xm;onfh upm;
ckefpm; tqifhjrifhwufokdY ra&mufSdao;ay/ arQmfrSef;xm;aom tqifhodkY a&mufSdEdkif&efrSm wuodkvfupm;ckefpm;
aumifpD ydkrdkud;pm; vkyfudkifvmjcif; tay:wGifvnf;aumif;? wuorS rnfrQxd upm;ckefpm;a&;wGif qufvufNyD;
acgif;aqmifpnf;k;H vkyu
f ikd o
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557
2/
pwkwtBudrfajrmuf wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk wuodkvfESifh aumvdyftoD;oD;wdkY
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wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*? rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;
or*ESifh rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*wdkY OD;pD;acgif;aqmifum atmifjrifpGm usif;yNyD;pD;cJhavonf/
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&efukefwuodkvfESifh rEav;wuodkvfrS ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? wuodkvfESifh aumvdyf
toD;oD;Sd toif;tzGUJ tpnf; ud,
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558

aMumifhvnf;aumif;? q&mESifh ausmif;om; tjrJwrf; yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;? nDGwfa&; aSUtvm;tvm aumif;rGefvm
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jzpfonfh ygarmuO;D bGeYf ? a'gufwmomvS? a'gufwmnDnw
D Ykd onf wuorS OD;pD;onfh a[majymyGrJ sm;wGif pmayESihf
ywfoufaom a[majymcsurf sm;udk vma&mufa[majymcJMh uavonf/ Edik if jH cm; ynma&;yg&*lrsm;tm; *kPjf yK{nfch yH o
JG Ykd
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h nf; q&mESiahf usmif;om; ydrk &kd if;ES;D rI &Scd ahJ vonf/ tcsufrsm;udk axmufjcif;
tm;jzifh ,ckESpfwGif q&mESifhausmif;om; &if;ESD;cspfcifrI? yl;wGJvkyfaqmifrIrsm; ,cifESpfrsm;uxuf ydkrdkwdk;wufvm
aMumif; awGUEdkifayonf/ aemifwGif ,ckxufydkrdk &if;ESD;rI? yl;wGJvkyfaqmifrIrsm; jyKvkyfoGm;&efvnf; wuorS
cH,lcsrSwf xm;ayonf/
5/
ausmif;aqmifudk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh ywfouf ,cifESpf wuorS awmif;qkdwdkufyGJ0ifcJhaomaMumifh
ausmif;aqmifpDrHtkyfcsKyfcGifh &SdcJhaomfvnf; ,aeYxdyif wdwdusus taumiftxnfazmfNyD; raqmifGufEdkifjzpfaeay
onf/ tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif oufqdkif&myk*dKvfwdkYu tkyfcsKyfcGifh vTJtyfray;jcif;? vTJtyfay;&ef aESmifhaES;xm;jcif;ESifh
ausmif;om;rsm;ud,
k w
f ikd f vufrcH&ef enf;trsK;d rsK;d rsm;jzifh BudK;pm;aejcif;rsm;udk awGUS&d avonf/ rvdv
k m;tyfonfh
tcsurf sm;tjyif ausmif;aqmifu,
kd yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfa&;udk ausmif;om;rsm; em;rvnfoabmraygufap&ef Iyaf xG;atmifvyk f
jcif;? roufqdkifaomvkyfief;rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;tm; cdkif;apjcif;jzifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; oabmuGJvGJrIrsm;
ay:apjcif;paom rzG,&f monfh tcsut
f vufrsm;vnf; ay:aygufvsuf Sad yonf/ jyemrsm;udk uReaf wmfwYdktrI
aqmiftzGJUonf ,cktcsdefxd xda&mufpGm bmrQrajzSif;cJhaomfvnf; vmrnfhESpf ausmif;zGifhcsdefrSp pepfwuspDrH
ude;f cs udik w
f ,
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f yk af qmifomG ;&ef owfrw
S x
f m;ayonf/ vmrnfEh pS w
f iG f ausmif;aqmifu,
kd yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfa&;ESiyhf wfouf
wzufrS ynmay;Sif;vif;a&;ESifh 0g'jzefYcsdvIHYaqmfa&; tpOfojzifhvkyfudkifoGm;NyD; tjcm;wzufrS ausmif;aqmif
tvdu
k f owfrw
S x
f m;onfah umfrwDrsm; zGUJ pnf;jcif;? aumfrwDrsm;\ tcGit
hf mPm twdtusazmfxw
k Nf yD; pDrt
H yk cf sKyfru
I kd
taumiftxnfay:vmap&ef vufawGUTejf yvkyu
f ikd jf cif;rsm; aqmifu
G &f efpaom vufawGUvkyif ef;rsm;udk udik w
f ,
G f
vkyfaqmifoGm;&ef pDpOfvsufSdayonf/
wzufwiG f azmfjycJo
h nft
h wdik ;f wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ onf usrf;opmusdeq
f ykd JG aMunmcJah om wuo\
t"duvkyfief;pOf wm0ef (12) &yfudk taumiftxnfay:atmif aqmifGufvkyfudkifcJh&mwGif vkyfNyD;? vkyfqJESifh
vkyfvwHUaom vkyfief;rsm; atmifjrifcJhonfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf;Sdayonf/ ratmifjrifao;onfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf;
Sdayonf/ wpdwfwa'o ratmifjrifao;onfh qufvufvkyf&rnfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf; Sdayonf/ rvkyfudkif rxrf;
aqmif&ao;onfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf; Sdao;onfudk xyfrHwifjyvdkayonf/
tcef;(4)
tjcm;vkyfaqmifcJhaomvkyfief;rsm;
1957 ck? atmufwkdbmv (24) &ufaeYwGif EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekonf wuoodkY tvnftywfvm&m
0,f wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ rS vIu
d v
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f v
JS BJS udKqdck ahJ yonf/ OD;EkEiS hf trIaqmifwYdk cspcf if&if;ES;D yGiv
hf if;pGm ausmif;om;
a&;&mjyemrsm;udk aqG;aEG;cJhMuavonf/ wuorS t"duxm; wifjycJhonfhtcsufrsm;rSm EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ynm
a&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf tpdk;&rS OD;pD;usif;ya&;? zsufodrf;cHae&aom or*rsm;ta&;? tzrf;cHae&aom ausmif;
om;rsm;ta&;? ausmif;xkwfcHae&aom ausmif;om;rsm;ta&;ESifh pmar;yGJajzqdkcGifh ydwfyifcHae&aom ausmif;om;rsm;
ta&;udk t"duxm; wifjyaqG;aEG; cJhayonf/
1/
0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek\ tMuHay;csuft& ynma&;aumfrSif\ tultnDjzifh Edk0ifbmESifh 'DZifbmvrsm; twGif;
wGif qdkAD,uf,leD,H? jynfolYwkwfjynf? t*Fvefpaom EdkifiHrsm;rS a&mufSdaeaom ynma&;yg&*lrsm;udk wuorS
OD;pD;zdwaf c:um ynma&;a[majymyGrJ sm; qufwu
kd u
f sif;ycJah yonf/ yg&*lrsm;onf rdrw
d Ykd Eikd if t
H oD;oD;D Sd ynma&;
pepf toD;oD;taMumif;udk tao;pdwfa[majymvsuf rSif;vif;onfhtcsuftvufrsm;udk pdwfSnfpGm ajzMum;onfh
twGuf ausmif;om;xkodSdvdkonfh tcsuftm;vkH;udk odSdcGifh &SdcJhayonf/
2/
odYk wuo\zdwMf um;csut
f & vma&mufa[majymMuonfh Edik if jH cm;yg&*l {nfo
h nfawmfrsm;tm; cs;D usL;
*kPf yonft
h aejzifh {nfch yH w
JG &yfukd 1957 ck? Ed0k ifbmv (27) &ufaeYwiG f wuocef;r jyKvkycf ahJ yonf/ {nfch yH JG
q&m^rrsm;? wuov
kd f dS toif;tzGUJ tiftm;pku,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;? jyifyEkid if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf owif;axmufrsm;udk
559
zdwMf um;cJo
h nft
h jyif wuo\ Edik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f m ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; usif;ya&;ESihf ywfoufaom oabmxm;
wifjycsufrsm;udk xkwfjyefcJhayonf/
3/
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tEkjrLvufeufqefYusifa&;tzGJU (Japanese Council Against A&H Bomb) onf urmYausmif;om;rsm;or*
(I.U.S) ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f aejzifh ArmjynfoYkd vma&mufvnfywf&m wuorS *kPjf yK{nfch cH ahJ Mumif;/ wuo\{nfo
h nf
tjzpf &efuek Nf rdKUwGif wywfMumrQaexdik Nf yD; ausmif;om;a&;&mjyemrsm; urmYNidr;f csr;f a&;jyemrsm;udk &efuek jf rdKUSd
toif;tzGJUaygif;pkHESifh cspfcif&if;ESD;pGm awGUqkHaqG;aEG;oGm;cJhayonf/
4/
1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (6-7-8) &ufaeYrsm;wGif rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS OD;pD;usif;yaom
oD;jcm;wuov
kd f tBudKyGaJ wmfoYkd rwuo\ zdwMf um;csuft& wuorS OD;pD;acgif;aqmif tm;upm;orm;rsm;ESihf
,Ofaus;rIudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifwufa&mufcJhMuayonf/
wuorS xdkodkh rEav;tBudKyGJawmfodkh wufa&muf&mwGif(1) vmrnfhESpfrSp rEav;wuodkvfudk oD;jcm;wuodkvfjzpfawmhrnfudk vIdufvSJpGm axmufcHjcif;ESifh
(2) rEav;wuodkvf nDaemifausmif;om;rsm;ESifh &if;ESD;cspfcifa&;? yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;[lonfh tajccH
oabmxm;ESpf&yfjzifh wufa&mufcJhjcif;jzpfayonf/
xkdYaMumifhvnf; wuodkvfabmvkH;toif;? bwfpuufabm? abmfvDabmtoif;wdkYESifh yGJawmfwGif ulnD
ujya&;twGuf tutzGJUrsm;udkyg wuorS zdwfac:pkpnf; nDGwfpGm tm;ay;wufa&mufcJhayonf/ odkYaomf
rEav;wGif rarQmv
f ifo
h nfh jyemwckEiS hf &ifqikd cf &hJ wuorS xdu
k pd E iS yhf wfoufNyD; 0rf;enf;aMumif; rSww
f rf;wif
xm;cJah yonf/ rEav;odYk a&mufaomtcg q&mrsm;OD;pD;onfh uyGrJ sm;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ u &efuek rf v
S monfh uyGrJ sm;udk
tprf;ujyppfaq;cHNyD;rS ujy&rnfqdkvm&m wuotaejzifh rludk vkH;0vufrcHEdkifaomaMumifh uRefawmfwdkY\
uyGrJ sm; vk;H 0ujyjcif; rjyKcJah y/ rwuotaeESihf ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ tm; tjyif;txef ta&;qdak omfvnf; tcsnf;ES;D
yif jzpfcJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifh ppfaq;a&;tzGJUwGifyg0ifaom q&mwpk\tjyKtrlESifhywfoufNyD; rwuorSvnf;
0rf;enf;aMumif; rSww
f rf;wifcahJ vonf/ aemif tjzpftysurf sK;d ay:aygufrjI zpfrvm&efEiS hf wm;qD;Edik &f efwYkdtwGuf
tjzpftysufu or*ESpfckwdkYtm; BuD;pGmaomoifcef;pm ay;tyfcJhayonf/
5/
rEav;wuodkvf tMudKyGJawmfodkY {nfhonfawmftjzpf wufa&muf&if; rEav;jrdKUSd pdkufysKd;a&;twwf
oifr[mXmeausmif;om;rsm;or* trIaqmifrsm;ESihf 'DZifbm (11) &ufaeYwiG f vnf;aumif;? rEav;aq;twwfoif
r[mXmecGaJ usmif;om;rsm;or* trIaqmiftzGUJ ESihf (9) &ufaeYwiG f vnf;aumif; wuotrIaqmifwYkd &if;ES;D cspfMunf
a&;twGuf awGUqkHaqG;aEG;cJhMuayonf/
6/
tif*sifeD,mr[mXmeausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;wuf 75% rjynfhvQif pmar;yGJajzcGifh ray;onfhudpu
dk
wuoonf tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;or*ESifh vufwGJwdkufyGJ0ifvsuf Sdayonf/ udpudk wuorS 1957
ck? Edk0ifbmv (29) &ufuwnf;u qD;edwfodkY wifjyxm;aomfvnf; tif*sifeD,mr[mXmerSL;u aESmifhaES;xm;ojzifh
MumSnv
f m&m ,cktcg pmar;yGrJ sm; eD;uyfvmNyDjzpfaomaMumifh udpu
kd ajzSi;f ay;&ef wuoESihf tif*sief ,
D mor*
udk,fpm;vS,fwdkYonf ygarmucsKyfESifh (3) Budrfwdkif oGm;a&mufawGUqkH awmif;qdkaomfvnf; r&Sdao;ojzifh aSUquf
vufaqmifGufoGm;&ef tif*sifeD,mor*ESifh ndEIdif;wdkifyifvsuf Sdayonf/
7/
wuoa<u;aMumfoH td;k a0pmapmifukd 24? 9? 57 &ufaeY Ou|opf usrf;opmusdeq
f ykd w
JG iG f yxrqk;H tBudrf
taejzifh xkwaf 0cJah yonf/ xdYk aemuf (37) Budraf jrmuf trsKd;om;aeYwiG f trsKd;om;aeYtxl;xkwt
f jzpf tk;d a0pmapmif
udk wwd,tBudrf 16? 11? 57 &ufaeYwGif xkwfa0jzefYcsdcJhayonf/
ESpfywfvnf tdk;a0r*Zif;udk ESpfrukefrD xkwfa0Edkifa&;twGuf tdk;a0r*Zif;aumfrwDrS pmrlrsm;awmif;cH
jcif;? aMumfjimrsm;aumufcHjcif; paomvkyfief;rsm;udk tylwjyif;BudK;yrf;vsuf Sdayonf/ ESpfvnf tdk;a0r*Zif;udk
aumif;rGeaf ooyfNyD; tqift
h wef;rDaom r*Zif;wcktjzpf xkwaf 0Edik af &;twGuf BudK;pm;vsufadS y&m r*Zif;aumif;
wck jzpfvma&;twGuf ausmif;om;xktm;ay; ulnDrIrsm; vdktyfvsufSdaomaMumifh ausmif;om;xkrS ulnDyg&ef
av;eufpGm arwm&yfcHvdkufygaMumif;/
(1) trsKd;om;aeh /
560
tcef; (5)
txdrf;trSwfaehrsm;usif;yjcif;
/ (37) BudrfajrmuftrsKd;om;aeYudk 1957 ck? Edk0ifbmv (16) &ufaeYwGif wuoonf

Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh yl;aygif;OD;pD;um &efukefjrdKU ql;avbk&m;vrf; tvkyform;ausmufwdkif usif;y
jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ atmifyGJaeY ynma&;tqdk? 'Drdkua&pDa&;tqdkESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;tqdkrsm; wifoGif;qkH;jzwfcsuf
csrSwfEdkifcJhayonf/
(2) urmhausmif;om;aeh /
/ 1957 ck? Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYonf urmYausmif;om;aeYjzpfonfh tavsmuf
wuoonf Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf? &uowdYkEiS hf yl;aygif;vsuf udv
k ekd pD epfqefYusiaf &;? trsK;d om;vGwv
f yfa&;? urmYNidr;f
csrf;a&;? urmYausmif;om;xk aoG;pnf;nDGwfa&;wdkYtwGuf a[majymyGJrsm;? uyGJrsm;ESifh wcrf;wem; usif;ycJhav
onf/ urmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYudk *kPfjyKaomtm;jzifh yef;csDjyyGJESifh pmpDpmukH;jydKifyGJrsm;udkvnf; jyKvkyfcJhayonf/
yef;csDjyyGJudk wywfMumrQ wuocef;rwGif jyocJhayonf/
(3) ausmif;om;aeh /
/ (19) Budrfajrmufausmif;om;aeYudk wuoonf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh yl;
aygif;um Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;? AdkvfatmifausmfpuGJ,m; 1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (20) &ufaeYwGif usif;ycJhavonf/
ausmif;om;aeYtcrf;tem; vlxkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;wGif ynma&;tqdkrsm;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;tqdkrsm;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;tqdk
rsm;udk wifoGif;qkH;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfcJhayonf/
tcef; (6)
taxGaxG
&Jabmfw-hkd
wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf csrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;udk taumiftxnfazmf&if; wuoBuD; BuD;xGm;wdk;
wufa&;? *kPfodumjrifhwufa&;ESifh t"GefYSnfpGmwnfjrJa&;wdkYtwGuf 0dkif;0ef;ulnD tm;ay;cJhMuaom yk*dK vftoD;oD;
wdkYtm; atmufazmfjyygtwdkif; aus;Zl;wif*kPfjyKaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifvdkufayonf/
wuoyd#uwfwdkufodkY pm;yGJukvm;xdkif (2) pkHESifh pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; ay;vSLcJhaom EkdifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf
OD;EkodkY rsm;pGmaus;Zl; Oyum&wifSdaMumif; wuorS rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/ pmMunfhwdkuf wdk;wufrItajctaeESifh
ywfouf yd#uwfwdkufrSL;u oD;jcm;tpD&ifcHpmwapmif wifoGif;OD;rnf jzpfayonf/
aG;aumufyGJwGif yg0ifulnD BuD;MuyfcJhMuaom &efukefwuodkvf q&m^rtaygif;wdkYtm; vnf;aumif;?
rEav;r[mXmetoD;oD;rS q&m^rtaygif;wdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? wuo\ ynma&;a[majymyGJrsm;wGif pdwftm;
xufoefpGm vma&mufa[majymulnDMuaom &efukefwuodkvfq&mtoif;rS q&mBuD;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;
Oyum& txl;wifSdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/
wuorS zdwfMum;csuft& vma&mufa[majymMuaom EdkifiHjcm;yg&*ltoD;oD;wkdYtm; odkY vma&muf
a[majymjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? odYk a[majymEkid &f ef tpDtpOfrsm;vkyaf y;onfh ynma&;pkpH rf;rIaumfrSif wGb
J uf
twGif;a&;rSL; q&mOD;bjrifhtm; vnf;aumif; txl;aus;Zl;wifaMumif; *kPfjyKrSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/
wuo\ zdwMf um;csuft& pmaytEkynmtaMumif; vma&mufa[majymcJah om pma&;q&mrsm;tm; vnf;
aumif;? pma&;q&mtoif;tm; vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;wifSdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/
rEav;tBudKyGaJ wmf wufa&mufpOf 11? 12? 57 &ufaeYwiG f rwuo? wuo ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ 0ifrsm;tm;
rdwfquf*kPfjyKyGJw&yf {nfhcHcJh&m xdk{nfhcHyGJtwGufvnf;aumif;? yGJawmfwufa&mufyg&ef zdwfMum;rItwGufvnf;
aumif;? yGJawmfumvtwGif; jyKpkapmifhaSmuf {nfhcHrIrsm;twGufvnf;aumif;? wuorS rsm;pGmcsD;usL;*kPfjyKaus;Zl;
wifSdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/
urmYausmif;om;aeY txdrf;trSwfyGJwGif urmYausmif;om;rsm; owif;ywftwGif; (Edk0ifbm 17 rS 24
&ufaeYxd) zdwfrEujyKcsufaMumifh cif;usif;jyoaom yef;csDjyyGJjzpfatmif MudK;pm;aqmifGufcJhonfh yef;csDq&m
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*kPfjyKygaMumif;ESifh rSwfwrf;wiftyfayonf/
urmYausmif;om;aeYtxdrf;trSwf ya'omuyGJwGif yg0ifujyaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhwuG
0dkif;awmfwD; tzGJUom;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;wif*kPfjyKaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/
&Jabmfw-hdk
azmfjycJo
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S cf o
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f a'oom atmif
561
jrifao;onfh tcsufrsm;vnf; Sdygonf/ tcuftcJtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh tajctaetrsKd;rsKd;udk &ifqdkifaqmifGufcJh&ojzifh
csKdU,Gi;f wdr;f yg;csufrsm;vnf; So
d nfukd igwdYk ziG [
hf 0efccH yhJ gonf/ odYk qufvuf vkyu
f ikd &f ef usefadS eao;aom
vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf; OD;vnfrokef qufvufvkyfudkifoGm;rnf[k av;eufpGm uwday;cJhygonf/ ausmif;om;xk\
wcJeufnDGwfrItiftm;jzifh vkyfief;rsm;udk atmifyGJyef;wdkifodkY a&mufonfhwdkifatmif aqmifGufoGm;Ekdifrnf[k
wifjy&if; ed*kH;csKyfcJhonf/
ausmif;om;xknDGwfa&;rS atmifyGJodkh
(yk)H
armifpD
'k-Ou|
&efukefwuodkvf
aehpGJ- 1958 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (4) &ufaehwGif xkwfjyefaMunmonf/
()
pmMunfw
h u
kd Xf metpD&ifcpH m
(tpD&ifcHpm tpydkif;aysmufqHk;aeonf/)
or*pmMunfw
h u
kd o
f nf odYk tultnDawmif;cH&m or*tcGit
hf mPmESihf 0g'udk xdyg;apaom rnfonfh
tultnDudkrQ vufcHpOf;pm;rnf r[kwfay/
pmtkyfrsm;xm;SdyHkpepf
wuopmMunfwdkufSd pmtkyfrsm;udk (Decimal Classification) ac: bmomESifhvnf;aumif;? bmom
&yfqdkif&m trsKd;tpm;tvdkuf eHygwfrsm;a&;xdk;um olYbmomESifhol oDjcm;pDSdayonf/ enf;pepfaMumifh pmtkyf
iSm;&rf;olonf tvdkSdaombmom&yfudk wdkufdkufaG;cs,fEdkifonf/ odkY or*pmMunfhwdkuftwGuf pmtkyfrsm;udk
cJGjcm; pepfwusxm;&m wm0ef,laqmifGuf vkyfudkifay;aom OD;tefYarmiftm; pmMunfhwdkufaumfrwD udk,fpm;
aus;Zl;wifSdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/
wuopmMunfhwdkuf\ owif;pm? *sme,fESifh ypnf;ud&d,mrsm;pm&if;udk atmufygtwkdif; jzpfayonf/
jrefrmowif;pmrsm;
jrefrmhtvif;
[Hom0wD
vlxk
&efukef
xGef;aeYpOf
vif;,kef
ol&d,
aMu;rHk
t*Fvdyfowif;pmrsm;
aeSif;
e,l;wdkif;
r*Zif;rsm;
jr0wD
aoG;aomuf
*sme,frsm;
Time
New Time
vlxk*sme,f
pD;yGm;a&;*sme,f
jynfolY*sme,f
pm;yJGukvm;xdkif (3) pHkESifh bDdk (15) vHk; Sdonf/ owif;pmESihf *sme,frsm;rSm (enf;yg;ao;&m) wdk;csJU&ef
vdktyfayonf/
wuo pmMunfhwdkufonf 1956 ckESpf topfwzef wnfaxmifEdkifcJhonfrSp ,aeYtcsdefxd (2) ESpf
oufwrf; Scd ahJ yonf/ odYk&mwGif or*pmMunfw
h u
kd rf mS ppfrjzpfru
D vdk jrefrmjynf\ taumif;qH;k aom Edik if aH &;pmMunfh
wdkufwck rjzpfvmao;ay/
562

ppfNyD;acwf jrefrmEdkifiH\ taumif;qHk;aom EdkifiHa&;pmMunfhwdkufwck jzpfajrmufa&; uREfkyfwdkY qufvuf
BuKd;yrf;MuygpdkY/
- or*pmMunfUwdkuftm; 0dkif;0ef;ulnDMu
- or*pmMunfUwdkuf wdk;wuf&rnf
atmifomausmf
pmMunfUwdkufXmerSL;
&efukefwuodkvf
563
OD;pd;k ode;f
(1957-58)
ajrmif;jrcdkif? tdrfrJNrKdUe,f? ykvkanmif0dkif;GmwGif arG;zGm;onf/ ykvkanmif0dkif;Gm jrefrmtxufwef;ausmif;?

ajrmif;jrNrKdU tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoifMum;cJo
f iG f &efuek w
f uov
kd o
f Ykd
a&mufu
dS m ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1953 ckEpS ?f atmufwb
kd m ausmif;wvydwaf &;ta&;awmfyw
kH iG f zrf;qD;cH&NyD;
&moufyef ausmif;xkwcf cH &hJ \/ 1956-57 ckEpS w
f iG f ausmif;jyef0ifciG hf &So
d nf/ 1956-57 ckEpS rf mS yif wuotrI
aqmifwOD;tjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH& twGi;f a&;rSL;wm0efukd ay;tyfjcif;cH&onf/ 1957-58 ckEpS f
wGif wuo Ou|jzpfonf/
Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfrwDw&yfukd zGUJ pnf;cJo
h nf/ ynma&;ESihf ywfouf pHpk rf;ar;jref;jcif;rsm;?
Edik if jH cm;yg&*lrsm;udk zdwaf c:um tMuHOmPfawmif;jcif;rsm; jyKvkycf \
hJ / Edik if aH wmftpd;k & tultnDjzifh ausmif;
om;rsm; ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfudk wuo? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh wuodkvfaumvdyfor*wdkYu
OD;pD;um usif;ycJ\
h /
Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u &efuek w
f uov
kd rf S ausmif;om;cspMf unfa&;tzGUJ wzGUJ udk wkwjf ynf? ,leefe,foYkd yxrqH;k
tBudrf apvTwfcJh\/ wkwfjynf? yDuif;NrdKUawmf usif;yaom yrtBudrfajrmuf urmYausmif;om;rsm;
or*nv
D mcHoYkd wufa&mufc\
hJ /
&efuek w
f uov
564 ukdodef;Sef (aiGxdef;) udkmPf&if (tdk;a0wm0efcH) udkwifat; (twGif;a&;rSL;) rMunfat; (trIaqmif)

udkvSjrifU (trIaqmif) udkbdk;[ef (trIaqmif) udka|;atmif (tvkyfwm0efcH)
565
&efuek w
f uov
aYSwef; - udkcifarmifBuD;
(wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;)
'kwd,wef; - udkcifatmif
udkpD
udkpdk;odef;
('k-Ou|)
armifudk,k
(,Ofaus;rIESifhupm;ckefpm;) (vlxkqufqHa&;)
aemufqHk;wef; -
udkvSausmf
&efuem;
(Ou|)
udkmPf&if
(tdk;a0wm0efcH)
udkodef;Sef
udkcifarmiftkef;
(aiGxdef;)
(twGif;a&;rSL;)
udkatmifxGef;
udkatmifomausmf udkapmwomuvm;
(oufomacsmifcsda&;) (pmMunfwdkufrSL;)
OD;uHodef;
ygy,m;
(EdkifiHjcm;a&;)
1957-58 ckEpS f
wuo rnfohkd
aG;aumufvdkuf
oenf;
aG;aumufyt
JG BuKd nDw
G af &;wyfO;D
ydpk wm vSnv
Uf nfyJG
wyfO;D rS a<u;aMumfrq
J ,
G Mf upOf
566
&Jacgiaf rrsm;uvnf; odw

hk oG,f
aG;aumufyu
JG kd atmifjrifpmG
Ny;D qH;k Ny;D aemuf? wnwmvH;k
rJtEkid t
f I;H udk
apmifUem;axmifMuaom
&Jabmfrsm;rSm
bGJYESif;obiftaSYwGif
cJvsuyf if? aemufq;kH eHeuf
(4) em&DwiG f tEkid t
f H;I
ausnm&m
&efuif;rJrkH S rJy;kH ,lvmpOf
aq;odyw
H yfO;D rSvnf; odhk
wyfO;D rJy;kH udk ucke

f BuKd vifv
U mMupOf
567
ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD;
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
taG;cH&aMumif;
ausnmjcif;cH&
aysmf iG pf mG jzifU aG;aumufyJG
NyD;qHk;cJUNyD;wum;/
rJrsm;udak &wGu&f ef rJy;kH oGev

f u
kd pf Of
wnwmvH;k tEkid t
f I;H apmifq
U ikd ;f
'd;k ywfw;D aeMuaom wyfO;D &Jabmfrsm;
568
tEkid &f Sad om wyfO;D &Jabmfrsm;

wuov
kd ef ,fajrudk
vSnv
Uf nfuckepf Of
tcef; (21)
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif
(1958 rS 1959)
(u) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if v

H ;Hk qkid &f m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG
1958 ck? Mo*kwf (9) &uf rS (13) &uf
A[djk yifqifa&;aumfrwD obmywd wuo Ou| OD;pd;k ode;f rdechf eG ;f ajymaepOf (&efuek w
f uov
kd b
f EYGJ iS ;f obifcef;r)
569
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJusif;y&m A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDwGif &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS
(10) OD;? rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS (5) OD;? armfvNrdKifaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS (5) OD;?
rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS (5) OD;? ausmif;jzLaumvdyfausmif;om;or*rS (5) OD;? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS
(5) OD; aygif;tzGJU0ifaygif; (40) yg0ifonf/
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJOD;pD;tzGJYwGif1/ udkpdk;odef;
obmywd (wuo)
2/ udkapmvGif
'k-obmywd (rwuo)
3/ udkcifarmiftkef;
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (wuo)
4/ udkwifaT
wGJbuf-taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (rwuo)
5/ udkausmfvS
tzGJU0if (armfvNrdKifaumvdy)f
6/ udkrif;axG;
tzGJU0if (armfvNrdKifaumvdy)f
7/ udkGefYaZmf
(rauG;aumvdyf)
8/ udkrif;ausmf
(rauG;aumvdyf)
9/
(ausmufjzLaumvdyf)
10/
(ausmufjzLaumvdyf)
11/ udkcifxGef;
(ykord af umvdy)f
12/
(ykord af umvdy)f
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wGif 0efBuD;csKyfudk,fwdkif wufa&muf rdeYf cGef;ajym&efjzpfaomfvnf; c&D;vGefaeojzifh
o0PfvTmom ay;ydkYcJhonf/ 'k-0efBuD;csKyf ocifwifuvnf; o0PfvTmay;ydkYcJhonf/
'k-0efBuD;csKyfocifwif\o0PfvTm
odhk
jynfaxmifjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ usif;ya&;aumfrwD
ausmif;om;ôltaygif;wdkharmifwdkY usKyfwdkY ,aeYta&;BuD;qHk;aom jyemonf tb,fenf;/
armifwdkY usKyfwdkY\ ,aeYta&;BuD;qHk;aomjyemrSm jynfaxmifjrefrmEdkifiHawmfBuD;onf tbufbufrS
wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;yif jzpfonf/
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmfBuD; tbufbufrS wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf p&ef rnfonfu
h pd u
kd aqmifu
G Mf urnf
enf;/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHolôm;rsm;tbufbufrS wdk;wufaumif;rGefatmif aqmifGuf&efyif jzpfonf/
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if o
H ^l om;rsm;tbufbufrS wd;k wufaumif;rGev
f matmif rnfonfu
h pd u
kd aqmifu
G f
Murnfenf;/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHolôm;rsm;tm; vlawmfvlaumif;rsm;jzpfvmatmif aqmifGuf&efyif jzpfonf/
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if o
H ^l om;rsm;tm; vlawmfval umif;rsm;jzpfvmap&ef ynmay;jcif;ESihf ynmSmjcif;yif
jzpfonf/
ynmay;jcif;? ynmSmjcif;qdk&m arG;onfaeYrSp aoonfaeYtxd aqmifGuftyfaom vkyfief;jzpfay
onf/ tvGefus,fajymaom vkyfief;BuD;w&yfvnf; jzpfayonf/
ynmay;jcif;? ynmSmjcif;wdkYonf ynma&;vkyfief;jzpf us,fajymoavmuf tvGefeufeJcufcJaom
udpBuD;vnf; jzpf\/ aeYSdo? tcsdefSdo vIyfSm;wdk;wufaeaom udpvnf;jzpf\/
xdkodkYwNyD;um; usKyfnDi,f? nDri,frsm;onf ,aeYtcsdef rdrdwdkY ESD;aESmzvS,ftHhaom udp\oabm
obm0udk vnf;aumif;? twdrfteufESifhyrmPudk vnf;aumif;? aumif;pGmtmHkjyKMuvsuf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
awmfBuD; tbufbufrS wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef pGrf;aqmifEdkifMuap[k qkrGefaumif;awmif;vdkufygonf/
(yH)k
'k-0efBuD;csKyf
(jynfaxmifpkvlrIa&;)
570

ynma&;0efBuD; OD;ausmfZHuvnf; <ua&mufrdefYcGef;ajymMum;cJhonf/
ynma&;0efBu;D OD;ausmZf \
H rdechf eG ;f
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ausmif;aygif;pHkynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;odkh wufa&mufMuwJU
ausmif;olôm; udk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkh,aeY ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,faygif;pHkwJh ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; pwifzGifhvSpfcsdefrSm pum;tenf;
i,fajym&vdkY rsm;pGm0rf;ajrmufygw,f/ ,ckESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; jzpfajrmufatmif w&uf? ESpf&uftwGif; pDrHvdkYNyD;wm
r[kwyf gbl;/ Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf BuD;rSL;wJh ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfrwD tvkypf wifaqmifu
G o
f nfh 1957 ZGev
f upNyD;
&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*uvnf; ausmif;om;aygif;pHkynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ wckjyKvkyfNyD; aumfrwDudk
tMuHay;cGifhjyK&ef awmif;qdkygw,f/ ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDuvnf; ,cka&;qGJrnfh ynma&;pHepf[m jynfolvlxk?
ausmif;om;rdb? ausmif;q&m? ausmif;om;rsm;ponfh ynma&;ESio
hf ufqikd w
f hJ yk*Kd vftm;vH;k \ tMuHPf? tultnD?
yl;aygif;aqmifGufrIwdkYudk txl;vdkvm;wJhtwGuf ausmif;om;csnf;oufouf pka0;wdkifyifapNyD; tMuHtPfrsm;ay;
&ef qESdygonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;&JUqE? ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwD\oabmxm;? Ou|BuD; EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf\
qEESifh udkufnDwJhtwGuf wESpfeD;ygrQ tvDvDaqG;aEG;NyD;rS xajrmufatmifjrifvmwJh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;jzpfygw,f/
,ckESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;&JU tpDtpOft& ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk aqG;aEG;rJhtaMumif;t&m tvdkuf
tpkcGJNyD; aqG;aEG;ygvdrfhr,f/ aqG;aEG;&mrSm ay:aygufvmwJh tMuHaumif;Pfaumif;rsm;udk aemufqHk;aeYusif;yr,fh
ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,af ygif;pHk tpnf;ta0;yGBJ uD;rSm xyfraH qG;aEG;twnfjyKNyD; tJ't
D pnf;ta0;yGBJ uD;u aG;aumuf
wifajrmufvdkufwJh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDodkY wifjyaqG;aEG;ygr,f/
'DvdkvkyfwJhpepf[m EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rSm 'Drdkua&pD,HkMunfrISdwJhtaMumif;/ cdkifrmwJh om"uBuD;wck jzpfyg
w,f/ vlwdkif;vlwdkif;rSm PfSdw,f/ wa,mufeJYwa,muf yHkoPmeftrlt&m uGJjym;ovdkyJ t,ltqoabmxm;
rSmvnf; uGJjym;w,f/ vlwdkif;vlwdkif;rSm PfSdw,fqdkwm ,HkMunfrI? xdkPfSdrIudk,HkMunfNyD; jynfolvlxkudk
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf trsm;tusKd;SdrItwGuf ajymqdktMuHPfay;cGifhSdrI? wOD;ESifhwOD;uGJjym;rIaMumifh ,ckavmurSm
wd;k wufrI w
dS ,fqw
kd hJ ,HMk unfr?I 'gawG[m tajccHoabmeJY 'Dru
kd a&pDrmS ude;f atmif;aewJh tqDtESpaf wG jzpfygw,f/
,ck ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;&JU ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udkvnf; tJ'DtajccH 'Drdkua&pD,HkMunfrIeJY ynma&;pHkprf;rI
aumfrwDu ulnDusif;yay;&jcif; jzpfygw,f/
ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;? jrefrmEdik if aH wmf&UJ ynma&;udk aqG;aEG;wJt
h cgrSm tajccHoabmeJY odrw
S t
f yf
wJh tcsufuav;Sdygw,f/ tenf;i,f ajymjyygr,f/
(1) ynma&;qdkonfrSm EdkifiHwEdkifiH&JU vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? trsKd;om;a&;eJY qufpyfaeygw,f? vlrIa&;?
pD;yGm;a&;? trsKd;om;a&;rSm jyemrsm;SdaeovdkyJ ynma&;rSmvnf; jyemrsm;tpOf Sdaeygw,f/
tJ'jD yemrsm;[m wd;k wufr&I UJ t&if;cHy/J jyemSrd S wd;k wufrI rdS ,f/ ynma&;jyemrSw
d hJ Edik if [
H m
ynma&;oabmeJU wd;k wufrrI Sad wmhb;l vdYk ,lq&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh urmay:rSm b,fEikd if rH S ynma&;
jyemuif;Sif;NyD;vdkY rSdEdkifyg/ ynma&;jyemudk ajzSif;&ef tm;xkwfwJhyk*dKvfrsm;[m aEGtcg
opfyifwyifatmufrSm wHjrufpnf;vSJaewmeJY wlygw,f/ aSUuvSJoGm;? aemufu opfGufajcmufawG
xyfusovdkyJ/ ynma&;jyemudk aSUuSif;oGm;&if;eJY aemufjyemopfawG xyfvdkufvmwmyJ/
Si;f ray;&ifawmh tpd;k &tqd;k yJ/ tckqakd wmh jynfaxmifprk mS ynma&;eJYywfoufNyD; cPcP ajzSi;f ay;
ae&wmudkawmh todMuom;ygyJ/
(2) jynfaxmifp[
k m vGwv
f yfwhJ tcsKyftjcmtmPmeJU Edik if w
H Edik if b
H /J tJ'aD wmh urmay:rSmSw
d hJ tjcm;vGwf
vyfwhJ Edik if aH wGeYJ EdiI ;f ,SOMf unf&h r,f/ ud,
k Ef ikd if aH v;udk ud,
k Mf unfah er,fq&kd if ]]a&tdik x
f u
J zm;oli,feYJ
wlaeygvdrrhf ,f/}} EIid ;f ,SOw
f t
hJ cgr,f ynmSBd uD;OD;ykna&;ovdyk ?J tojymwyfxm;wJh ig;Muif;acgif;udk
awmh udik v
f Ykd rjzpfao;bl;/ ESpaf ygif;ESpaf xmifausmf oH;k axmifupNyD; wu,fu
h kd BuD;yGm;csifwikd ;f BuD;yGm;?
wdk;wufcsifwdkif; wdk;wufaewJh EdkifiHawGeJYawmh EIdif;,SOfvdkY oifhr,frxifbl;/ jrefrmEdkifiHeJY tajctae
trsKd;rsKd;wlwJh EdkifiHrsm;eJY EdIif;,SOfrS ,xmblw trSefa&mufEdkifvdrfhr,f/ Sif;oGm;atmif Oyrmjyygr,f/
wufa&mufvmMuwJh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ua&m? ausmif;om;rdbrsm;ua&m? owif;pmq&mrsm;ua&m
EdkifiHawmftxufwef;ausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;q&mOD;a&eJY wynfhOD;a&rrQbl;vdkY ,HkMunfaew,f/ trSef
wu,f urmYpHcsdefeJY xdk;Munfhawmh NAdwdefEdkifiHrSm q&m (1) a,mufr,f ausmif;om; (28) a,mufSd
571
w,f/ tar&duefeYJ qdAk ,
D ufrmS q&m (1) a,muf ausmif;om; (24) a,mufuspD Syd gw,f/ tdref ;D csif;
tdEd,jynfBuD;rSm ausmif;om; (32) a,muf q&m (1) a,mufSdygw,f/ jrefrmjynfrSm q&m (1)
a,muf ausmif;om; (26) a,mufSdygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk trSefa&mufatmif EIdif;,SOfapvdkygw,f/
(3) ynma&;qdkonfrSm vlxk\oabmxm;? vlxk\,HkMunfrIrsm;rSm tjrpfwG,faeygw,f/ vlxkoabm
xm;? vlxk\,HkMunfrIudk wr[kwfjcif; pGefYvTwfap&ef cJ,Of;ovdkyJ tjrpfwG,fNyD; ynma&;pepfudk
vnf; wr[kwfjcif; tjrpfrSEkwfypf&ef cJ,Of;wwfygw,f/ Oyrmjyr,fqdk&if b0opfzefwD;rIpDrHudef;
[m wuov
kd f wvrf;oGm;pepfrS pufrv
I ufrt
I oufarG;0rf;aMumif; ynma&;bufoYkd vrf;vT&J efjzpf
(Dignity of Labour) ac: pufjzifhvkyf&onhftvkyf/ ,if;rrQwrIudk ukef;atmfaeaomfvnf; ,ck
ausmif;toD;oD;rSmaeMuwJh ausmif;om;aygif; (1) oef;cGaJ usmaf usmaf &m? olwYkdrb
d ? aqGrsK;d ? rdwaf qGrsm;
a&m? wuodkvf wvrf;oGm;ynm? vcpm;ynm (0g) uRefynmudkyif ESpfoufaeMuygao;w,f/
tay:,Hay:vmwJh ynma&;pepfav;udk ref;rIwfNyD; jyKjyifvdkYr&yg/ tjrpfwG,fxm;wJh vlxk\,HkMunf
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572

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ynma&;vkyfief;awG? pepfawG[mvnf; twnfwusrSdbl;? cPcP ajymif;cJh&ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;
awG[mvnf; ynmoifMum;a&;eJYywfoufNyD; rvHkavmufrIawG? ynma&;vkyfief; twdtusrSdrIawGtwGuf ,aeY
txd awmif;qdkjcif;? wdkufyGJ0ifjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ygw,f/
'Dvdkynma&;twGuf vdktyfcsufawG? ynma&;twGuf epfemcsufawGeJY ywfoufNyD; ta&;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJh&
wm rsm;vmawmh 'gawG[m bmaMumifjh zpfay:vmcJ&h ovJvYkd tav;teuftmHpk u
kd Nf yD; avhvmMu&ygw,f/ 'Dvt
kd mkH
pdkufNyD; avhvmwJhtcgrSm wdkif;jynftajctaeeJY ynma&;pepfudk avhvmMuw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY wdkif;jynf[m 1948
ckupNyD; vGwfvyfwJh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH jzpfvmwJh vGwfvyfcgpjzpfwJh uRefawmfwdkY EdkifiH0,f pD;yGm;a&;tm;jzifh
vnf;aumif;? vlrIa&;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufjcif; rSdao;wmudk awGU&ygw,f/ ynma&;pepfudk avhvm
wJhtcgrSm ynma&;pepf[m tajccHtm;jzifh t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;&JU acwftwdkif;jzpfaew,f/ rxl;jcm; rajymif;vJbJ
Sdaewmudk awGU&w,f/
'Dawmh wdik ;f jynftajctaeeJY ynma&;pepf[m rudu
k n
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D jJ zpfaewmudk uReaf wmfwYkd awGU&w,f/ urmYEikd if H
t&yf&yfdS ynma&;udk uRefwmfwYkd avhvmwJt
h cgrSm wdik ;f jynftajctaeudk rS;D NyD; ynma&;pepfukd a&;qG&J w,fqw
kd m
odcJhMu&w,f/ wdkif;jynftajctaeeJY ynma&;pepf[m udkufnD&w,f/ ynma&;pepfeJY wdkif;jynftajctae[m
cGjJ cm;vdYk r&bl;vdYk od&w,f/ tck uRefawmfwYkd ArmEdik if u
H kd Munfv
h u
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hJ cg wdik ;f jynfu vGwv
f yfw,f/ ynma&;u
rvGwv
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f kd EkYd pYkd oil ,favmufyx
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f 0wftpm;awGukd 0wfcikd ;f
xm;ovdk jzpfaew,f/ 'DtwGuf ynma&;rSm ydkrdktusyftwnf; jzpfvmw,fqdkwm uRefawmfwdkY awGU&w,f/
'Dvdk avhvm&cJhwJh tcsufay:rSm rlwnfNyD; uRefawmfwdkYpOf;pm;Muygw,f/ ynma&; vdktyfcsufawGtwGuf
uRefawmfwdkYwawG[m awmif;qdkjcif;? wdkufyGJ0ifjcif; jyKcJhwm[m rSefvnf;rSefw,f? obm0vnf;usw,f? odkYaomf
'Dvdkawmif;qdkwmeJY vHkavmufNyDvm;? rvHkavmufao;bl;/ awmif;qdkvdkY &wmawG[m ynma&;pepfBuDudk zmax;HkyJ
jzpfw,f/ aemufNyD; jyefay:vmrSmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh ynma&;udk zmax;Hkr[kwfbJ tjrpfupNyD; jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifrSom
jzpfr,fvdkY ,HkMunfcJhw,f/
'D,HkMunfcsuftwdkif; 1954-55 ckESpfupNyD; vufSdynma&;pepfudk jyKjyifajymif;vJay;zdkY awmif;qdkcJhMu
w,f/ 1956-57 rSmqdk&if wuodkvfausmif;om;or* trIaqmiftzGJUu wuodkvfynma&;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkY
wifjycJhMuw,f/
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tusyftwnf; awGUvmwmuwaMumif; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u ynma&;udk jyKjyifzdkY BudK;pm;wmawGudk wcsufwcsufrSm
yd;k pke;f MuL;vufovdk jrifawGUvdu
k &f w,f/ 'Dvjkd yKjyifzYkd BudK;pm;&if;u 1957 ckEpS rf mS Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ek ud,
k w
f ikd f
obmywdtjzpf aqmifGufNyD; ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwD zGJUpnf;cJhw,f/ ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDuaeNyD; EdkifiHjcm;
yg&*lawG ac:NyD;avhvmcJhw,f/ ynma&;eJYywfoufwJh ar;cGefawG ar;jref;wmawG jyKvkyfcJhw,f/
uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;awG[mvnf; ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDudk vufcHBudKqdkNyD; ynma&;ar;cGef;awG
ajzMum;cJhwJhtjyif EdkifiHa&;toif;tzGJUrsm;? vlxkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? vlxktzGJUtpnf;rsm;? ynma&;uRrf;usifolrsm;
yg0ifwhJ ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; usi;f yzdYk tMuHay;wifjycJw
h ,f/ 1957 ck? 'DZifbm (28-29) &ufaeY? armfvNrdKifNrdKU
rSm usi;f ycJw
h hJ wuov
kd af umvdyaf ygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGrJ mS vnf; ynma&;ES;D aESmyGBJ uD;w&yf usi;f yzdYk wifjyqH;k jzwfcw
hJ ,f/
'DtMuHay;csuftay: rlwnfNyD; uRefawmfwYkd [m Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfO;D EkeYJ awGUqHak qG;aEG;cJw
h ,f/ ynma&;
pHpk rf;rIaumfrwDrv
S nf; wifjyw,f/ uRefawmfwYkd eYJ Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf[m rMumrMum aqG;aEG;MuwJt
h cgrSm ausmif;
om;rsm;omygSdwJh ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf usif;y&efeJY 'Dvdkusif;ywJhtcgrSm EdkifiHawmftpdk;&uyg ulnDr,f
qdkwJh oabmwlnDrIudk &Sdygw,f/ 'Dvdk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&eJY ynma&;Xmeuyg tm;wufoa&m ulnDwJhtwGuf 'DaeY
'DtcsdeftcgrSm ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEdkifjcif; jzpfayw,f/
'Dvjkd zpfay:vm&csuu
f kd avhvm&if uReaf wmfwYkd ausmif;om;awGa&m? Edik if aH wmftpd;k &uyg vufydS nma&;udk
jyKjyifajymif;vJzYkdqw
kd t
hJ csuu
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f kd tajccHxm;NyD; awGUqHjk cif;aqG;aEG;jcif;jyKvkyf
cJw
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hJ ,f/ atmifjrifcw
hJ ,fqw
kd mxifmS ;cJw
h hJ tcsufw&yf jzpfygw,f/
575
aSUrSmvnf; ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJ&efqdkwJh tcsufudkrlwnfNyD; 'DvdkaqmifGufoGm;Mu&if; uRefawmfwdkYeJYwuG
wdkif;jynfuvdkvm;wJh ynma&;pepfBuD;udk rvGJraoGa&mufEdkifvdrfhr,fqdkwm wxpfcs,HkMunfygw,f/
'Dvdkynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ qdkwmrsKd;[m uRefawmfwdkY&JU &mZ0ifrSmrSdcJhygbl;/ 'g[m yxrOD;qHk;tBudrfyJ
jzpfygw,f/ 'DE;DS aESmzvS,yf rJG mS uRefawmfwYkd &UJ tawGUtMuHKeJY Edik if w
H umavhvm&wJh A[kow
k udak ygif;NyD; vufydS nm
a&; tajctaeudk a0zefo;kH oyfwifjyw,f/ a0zefo;kH oyfNyD;MuwJah emuf ynma&;eJYywfoufNyD; vdt
k yfaewJt
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'Dvw
kd ifjy tMuHPfay;wJph mwrf;awG[mqd&k if (1) ynma&;0g'eJYoabmxm;rsm;? (2) rlvwef;eJY rlvwef;
vGefynma&;? (3) txufwef;vGefynma&;? (4) pufrIvufrI toufarG;0rf;aMumif;rIynma&;? (5) vlrsKd;pkynm
a&;? (6) oufBuD;ynma&;ESihf vlxyk nma&;wdYk jzpfygw,f/ tjcm;pmwrf;rsm;tjzpf oifMum;rIr@dKif bmom&yfpmwrf;
eJY q&mxkwfvkyfa&; pmwrf;wdkY jzpfw,f/
'Dvdk uRefawmfwdkYausmif;om;awG[m ynma&;pepf? ynma&;pDrHudef;rsm; csrSwfrItwGuf wwfEdkifwJh tul
tnDawGay;a&;? ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifa&;twGuf wwfEdkifwJh tultnDawGay;a&;/ ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJ
Edkifa&;twGuf ndEIdif;wdkifyif aqG;aEG;MuwmudkyJ ]EdkifiHa&;rSuif;ygp} qdkwJh oHo,MunfhMu? a&;Mur,fqdk&ifawmh
'Dyk*dKvfrsm;[m tifrwef tjrifusOf;NyD; ausmif;om;awGtay:rSm rvdkwrm tmCmwxm;olawGyJ jzpfw,fvdkY
uRefawmf ajymcsifygw,f/
ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkYeJY ywfoufNyD; uRefawmfwdkY&JU &mZ0ifordkif;rSm 1920 ckESpfu wBudrf? ,ckwBudrf
(2) Budrf jzpfygw,f/ 1920 jynfhESpf ausmif;om;oydwfta&;awmfyHkudk avhvmr,fqdk&if EdkifiHa&;t& t*Fvdyfe,fcsJU
orm;&JU zdESdyfrIudkwGef;vSefNyD; rsKd;cspfpdwf"gwf aygufzGm;vmzdkY vIHYaqmfcJhwmSdcJhw,f/ ynma&;t&qdk&if ]trsKd;om;
ynma&;} qdkwJha<u;aMumfoH[m ynma&;jyKjyifzdkY trsKd;om;ynma&;udk tpm;xdk;zdkY BudK;pm;cJhMuwmjzpfw,f/ trsKd;
om;ausmif;awG trsKd;om;aumvdyfawG ay:aygufcJhwm[m xifSm;wJh trSwftom;awGyJ jzpfygw,f/
,ckwBudrf 1958 ckEpS rf mS awmh Edik if aH wmftpd;k & ud,
k w
f ikd u
f ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfrwDukd zGUJ um uRefawmfwYkd
ausmif;om;awGu ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJzYkd awmif;qdNk yD; tckvakd usmif;om; ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf rJG sK;d usi;f ywm[m
ynma&;jyKjyifEdkifa&;twGuf 'kwd,tBudrf BudK;pm;jcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ 1920 ckrSm uRefynma&;pepfudk zsufodrf;NyD;
trsKd;om;ynma&;udk tpm;xdk;um jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkY BudKpm;cJhwm[m wdkif;jynftajctaeu rvGwfvyfao;wJhb0?
uRefb0rdkY ratmifjrifcJhayr,fh 'DwBudrf? 'DwcgrSmawmh uRefawmfwdkYa&m? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&uyg yl;aygif;aqmifGuf
Mur,fq&kd ifawmh atmifjrifrI rvGrJ aoG&vdrrhf ,f/ ynma&;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJEikd v
f rd rhf ,fvYkd vIu
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vsufSdygw,f/
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG usi;f yEdik af &;twGuf tultnDay;aom Edik if aH wmftpd;k &? vdt
k yforQ
pdwfa&mudk,fyg wwfpGrf;EdkiforQ aqmifGufulnDay;Muaom ynma&;XmeeJY rGefjrwfvSaom tMuHPfay;MuwJh
jyifyyk*dKvfrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif; xyfavmif; uRefawmfajymcJhygw,f/
- ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; atmifjrifygap
- ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrI &SdEdkifygap
(1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv 9 &uf? paeaeY)
xdkESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif atmufygpmwrf;rsm;wifjycJUonf/
1/ ynma&;0g'wifjycsufpmwrf;
2/ oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yfESifh ywfoufaom oabmxm; (Language Policy)
3/ ynma&;vGwv
f yfciG phf mwrf; (Academic Freedom)
4/ ausmif;om;or*pmwrf;
5/ rlvwef;ynma&;pmwrf;
6/ rlvwef;vGefynma&;pmwrf;
7/ pufrIvufrIESifh toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ynma&;pmwrf; (Teaching and Vocational Education)
8/ vlrsKd;pkynma&;pmwrf;
576

9/ oufBuD;ynma&;pmwrf;
10/ vlxkynma&;pmwrf;
11/ tvGwfynmoifausmif;rsm;jyempmwrf;
12/ aq;odyHr[mXmepmwrf;
13/ tpdk;&pufrIvufrItxufwef;ausmif;pmwrf;
14/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJay:aygufvmyHkESifh tajccHoabmxm; taxGaxGtpD&ifcHpm
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf wuo\wifjycsuf
(1)
1948 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (4) &ufaeYwiG f jrefrmEdik if o
H nf vGwv
f yfaom Edik if w
H Edik if t
H jzpfoYkd a&mufcdS ahJ yonf/
e,fcsJUorm;vufatmufrS vGwaf jrmufum vGwv
f yfaom Edik if w
H Edik if H jzpfvmonfEiS t
hf nD e,fcsJUorm;vufxufu
if;wdkYtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf vkyfaqmifcJhaom pD;yGm;a&;taqmuftOD? vlrIa&;? ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rItaqmuftOD
wdkYudky,fcsum jynfolvlxktusKd;twGuf vlxktusKd;jyK taqmufttHkopfudk xyfrHwnfaxmif&rnf jzpfayonf/
odkYaomf ,Ofaus;rIa&;&m tygt0ifjzpfonfh ynma&;taqmuftODudkum; vGwfvyfaomjynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdkifiHawmfESifh udkufnDpGm jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif; rSdao;ay/ odkYtwGufaMumifhvnf; ,aeY ynma&;avmuwGif
tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm; ay:aygufaeNyD;vQif rvdt
k yfaom tjzpftysufrsm; xGuaf y:aeonfrmS rsufjrifxifmS ;
jzpfayonf/
ay:aygufrIrsm;udk wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf tav;teufpOf;pm;cJhonf/ ynma&;tajctaeudk rsuf
ajcrjywf avhvmMunfh cI o
hJ nf/ ,aeYjzpfay:aeaom tcuftcJrsm; tusyftwnf;rsm;udk jyKjyifzmax;Hjk zifh raysmuf
Edik af wmhbJ vufydS nma&;pepfBuD;wckv;kH udk ajymif;vJvsuf adS om jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf tajctaeESihf udu
k n
f D
pGm jyKjyifa&;qGrJ o
S m ajyaysmufEikd rf nf[k awGUScd &hJ ayonf/ odYk awGUS&d onft
h m;avQmfpmG vufydS nma&;pepfBuD;udk
jyKjyifajymif;vJ&eftwGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;pD;um ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfudk usif;yay;&ef wuorS
awmif;qdkcJhayonf/
,ckuJhodkY vIHYaqmfawmif;qdkaepOf 1957 ckESpf? ZGefv (8) &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKUawmfcef;rBuD; EdkifiHawmf
0efBuD;csKyfOD;Eku EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ (4) ESppf rD u
H ed ;f aMunmcsuf wGif ynma&;ESifhywfouf atmufygtwdkif;awGU&
ayonf/
]ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yfudk a&;qGJapcsifw,f/} tJ'D ynma&;pDrHudef;[m1/ jynfaxmifpkeJY toifhawmfqHk;jzpfNyD; uRefawmfwdkY tajctaeeJY wu,fwrf; taumiftxnfazmfEdkifwJh
pDrHudef;jzpfapcsifw,f/
2/ ynma&;rSmpdwf0ifpm;wJh jynfaxmifpkom;rSeforQ pkaygif;wdkifyifa&;qGJwJh pDrHudef; jzpfapcsifw,f/
3/ wjynfaxmifpkvHk;u vufcHEdkifwJh pDrHudef;jzpfapcsifw,f/
wzef (4) ESpfpDrHudef;TefMum;csufwGifynma&;onf ,ckvufSdynma&;pepfudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfNyD;vQif jyKjyifapcsifw,f/ tu,f vdktyfu
wckvHk;zsufypfNyD; topfwck jyefvnfa&;qGJapcsifonf[k TefMum;NyD; 0efBuD;csKyfu obmywdjyKvkyfum (9) OD;
ygaom ynma&;aumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/ xdkaumfrSifudkyif aemufxyfcsJUxGifum zGJUpnf;cJhjyefonf/
uJodkY ynma&;ESifhywfouf jyKjyifajymif;vJoifhu ajymif;vJ&ef ynma&;aumfrSif zGJUvmjcif;onf
wuooabmxm;ESihf udu
k n
f o
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h m;avsmpf mG xdak umfrSiu
f kd wuoonf c&D;OD;BudKqdjk cif;jyKcJo
h nf/ xdak umfrSiEf iS hf
ywfouf yl;aygif;ulnD&ef qHk;jzwfcJhayonf/
xdkYaemuf wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf 24? 11? 57 &ufaeYwGif wuocef;r EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfESifh
awGUqHu
k m ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf wifjycJah yonf/ Edik af wmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;Ekuvnf; wuo\
wifjycsufudk ynma&;aumfrSifwGif tav;teuf pOf;pm;ygrnf[k jyefMum;ajymqdkcJhayonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;csuft&
ynma&;aumfrSifwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufwifjycGifhudk &SdcJhayonf/ wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
wifjy&mwGif ynma&;aumfrSifrS wuo\vdkvm;csufrsm;udk jynfhpHkpGma&;om;wifjy&ef ajymMum;cJhayonf/ xdk
ajymMum;csuft& wuotrIaqmiftzGJUrS pOf;pm;um ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJESifh ywfouf ESD;aESmzvS,f&ef tcsuf
577
rsm; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ\yHkpHrsm;udk xyfrHa&;om; wifjyvdkufygaMumif;/
(2)
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJESifhywfouf1/ ynma&;0g'csrSwfjcif;ESifh ynma&;pepfudk avhvmoHk;oyfjcif;
2/ ynma&;pDrHudef;a&;qGJjcif; [l u@ESpf&yf Sdoifhonf[l ,lqayonf/
xdo
k Ykd ,q
l onfh tm;avsmfpmG ynma&;0g'csrSwjf cif;? ynma&;pepfrsm;udk avhvmoH;k oyfjcif;ESihf ywfouf
wuorS atmufygtwdkif; wifjyvdkayonf/
(2-u)
wdik ;f jynfwck\ ynma&;pDru
H ed ;f onf wdik ;f jynf\ &nfreS ;f &myef;wdik o
f Ykd csDwufa&;twGuf vH;k 0taxmuf
tul jzpfayonf/ wdkif;jynf\ pD;yGm;a&;pepf? vlaerIpepf? ,Ofaus;rIpepfwdkYESifh udkufnD&ayonf/ odkY udkufnDrS
omvQif a&;qGJxm;aom ynma&;pDrHudef; (odkY) ynma&;pepfonf jynfoludktusKd;jyKaom pDrHudef;? wdkif;jynfu
vufcEH ikd af om pDru
H ed ;f jzpfayvdrrhf nf/ xdu
k o
hJ Ykdr[kwb
f J wdik ;f jynf\ csw
D uf&mvrf;aMumif;? wdik ;f jynf\tajctaeESihf
uif;vGwfum a&;qGJvQif xdkynma&;pDrHudef; (odkY) ynma&;pepfonf av;axmifhESifhpuf0dkif;uJhodkY cGifrusbJ tusyf
twnf;rsm; ay:aygufum ysufpD;&rnf jzpfayonf/
odkYtwGuf ynma&;pDrHudef;? ynma&;pepfwckudk a&;qGJrnfqdkvQif yxrOD;qHk; wdkif;jynf\ &nfrSef;&m
yef;wdkif? pD;yGm;a&;pepf (Economic System)? vlaerItaqmufttHkwdkYESifh udkufnDonfh ynma&;0g' (Education
Policy) udk csrSwfoifhzdkYvdkayonf/
Oyrm- wkwfjynfolYorwEdkifiHwGif if;wdkY jyKjyifajymif;vJypfvdkufaom pD;yGm;a&pepf? vlaerIpepfwdkYESifh
udkufnDonfh ynma&;0g'udk EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&muGefz&ifhBuD;rS csrSwfvdkuf ynma&;pDrHudef;udk xdkcsrSwfvdkufaom
0g'tay:wGif tajccHum aemufrS a&;qGJay;cJhayonf/
ynma&;0g'ESif ywfouf 1948 ckEpS w
f iG ?f Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u 1946 ckEpS w
f iG f zGUJ pnf;cJah om (Educational
Policy Enquiry Committee) \ tpD&ifcHpmudk tajcjyKum ynma&;0g'[l atmufygtwdkif; aMunmzl;\/
1/ Adoption of a centralized control and administration of Education as in interim
and experimental measure;
2/ The discernment of the system of grant in aid; and the adoption of in its stead of a
system of state schools.
3/ The introduction of a pilot project for Compulsory Primary Education.
4/ The new grading of schools.
5/ The Provision of Vocational training and technical education and
6/ The adoption of Burmese as the medium of instruction in single unifiedsystem of
schools.
xdkYaemuf 1952 ckESpfwGif jynfawmfomynma&;pDrHudef; ESifh ywfouf a,bk,srludk atmufygtwdkif;

aMunmcJhjyefonf/
1/ To ensure a universal knowledge of the three Rs* among the citizens of the Union.
2/ To ensure the production of a sufficient number of technicians and technologists.
3/ To train and equip young man and woman so that they can adequately and efficiently
4/
perform their various duties as citizens of the Union.

To eradicate illiteracy and produce man and woman who posses the five strengths
(Bala Ngadan) and
To perpetuate democracy within the Union.
5/
txufazmfjyygtwdik ;f ynma&;rl? ynma&;0g'rsm;yifo
dS nf[k qd&k jim;aomfvnf; wdik ;f jynf\ &nfreS ;f &m
yef;wddkif? pD;yGm;a&;? vlaerIpepfwdkYay:wGif pepfwusoHk;oyfum a&;qGJvmaom 0g'r[kwfjcif;? xdkynma&;0g'
aMunmcsurf sm;onf Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf vdv
k m;ouJo
h Ykd jynfow
l &yfv;kH yg0ifa&;qGx
J m;aom 0g'r[kwo
f nft
h jyif
Note- the three Rs* - Reading, W'rting, A'rithemetic.
578

wdik ;f jynf&nfreS ;f &m yef;wdik o
f Ykd csDwufa&;twGuf taxmuftuljyKrnfh pDru
H ed ;f rsm;rygSjd cif;? pDru
H ed ;f ESi0hf g'oabm
xm;rsm; a&maxG;aejcif;? vufSdynma&;avmu tajctaersm;? jzpf&yfrsm;udk avhvmMunfhIvQifyif xdkynma&;0g'
onf rSefuefonf[k r,lqEdkifjcif;wdkYtwGuf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH\ &nfrSef;&myef;wdkif pD;yGm;a&;? vlaerIpepfwdkY
udkufnDonfh ynma&;0g'w&yfudk atmufygtcsuftvufrsm;wGif tajcjyKuma&;qGJ&ef vdktyfonf[k wifjyvdkay
onf/
1/ vufdS jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf\ pD;yGm;a&;vlaerIpepf (Social Economic System) udk avhvmjcif;/
2/ vufdS jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf\ &nfreS ;f &myef;wdik f ]qdk ,
S v
f pfEikd if aH wmf} udk avhvmaqG;aEG;jcif;/
(2-c)
xdu
k o
hJ Ykd Edik if aH wmf\ &nfreS ;f csufyef;wdik o
f Ykd csDwuf&mwGif taxmuftuljyKNyD;vQif Edik if aH wmf\ pD;yGm;a&;?
vlaerIpepfwdkYESifh udkufnDaom ynma&;0g'w&yfudk csrSwfNyD;vQif xdk0g' taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf taxmuf
tuljzpfap&ef vufSdynma&;pepfudk avhvmoHk;oyfjcif;? EdkifiHjcm;ynma&;pepfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; avhvmjcif;
jyKoifhonf[k wifjyayonf/
1/ vufSdynma&;pepfrS jzpfyGm;ay:aygufvmcJhaom jzpf&yfrsm;ESifh aumif;usKd;qdk;usKd;rsm;/
2/ vufSdynma&;avmuBuD; wckvHk;\ tajctaersm;? ausmif;rsm;? toufarG;0rf;aMumif;rsm;? q&mrsm;
ponf EdkifiHjcm;ynma&;pepfrsm; avhvma&;ESifhywfouf(1) qdkS,fvpfEdkifiHawmf wnfaxmifqJjzpfaom EdkifiHrsm;rS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;?
(wkwfjynfolYorwEdkifiH? ,l*dkpvm;AD;,m;)
(2) qdkS,fvpfEdkifiH xlaxmifNyD;jzpfaomEdkifiHrS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;? (qdkAD,ufkSm;)
(3) pufrIvufrIzGHUNzdK;aeaomEdkifiHrS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;? (tar&du)
(4) v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;EdkifiHrS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;? ('def;rwf)
(5) vGwfvyfNyD;pEdkifiHrsm;rS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;? (tif'dkeD;Sm;-tdEd,)
(2-*)
txufazmfjyyg yxrydkif;jzpfonfh ynma&;0g'csrSwfjcif;? ynma&;avhvmokH;oyfjcif;ESifh ywfouf
rnfonfhykHpHjzifh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJjyKvkyfrnfudk wuorS atmufygtwdkif; oabmxm;cJhayonf/
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ (aysmuf)
csDwuf&mwGif wjynfaxmifvHk;u yg0if&ef vdkayonf/ odkYyg0ifrSomvQif atmifjrifayonf/ odkYtwGuf ynma&;
0g'csrSwf&mwGif wjynfaxmifvHk;u yl;aygif;csrSwfEdkif&efvdk\/ wenf;qdkaomf csrSwfvdkufaom ynma&;0g'onf
wjynfaxmifvHk;u vufcH&efvdktyfrnf[k ,lqayonf/
wzefvufSd ynma&;pepfBuD;udk avhvmoHk;oyfa&;rSm jynfaxmifpkwGif;Sd jynfolw&yfvHk; awGUMuHKcJhonf
jzpf tm;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifjcif;? EdkifiHjcm;ynma&;pepfudk avhvmjcif;rSmvnf; ynma&;pepf a&;qGJ&eftwGufvnf;
aumif;? rdrw
d Ykdynma&;pepfEiS hf EIid ;f ,SO&f eftwGuv
f nf;aumif; jzpfonft
h m;avsmpf mG jynfov
l x
l w
k &yfv;kH ESihf oufqikd f
ayonf/
odYk oufqikd o
f nfh tm;avsmpf mG yxrydik ;f jzpfonfh ynma&;0g'csrw
S jf cif;? ynma&;pepfukd avhvmoH;k oyf
jcif;ESihf ywfouf wEdik if v
H ;kH Sd jynfoYlu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm; yg0ifoifo
h nf[k ,lqayonf/ xdo
k Ykd ,lqonfh tm;avsmpf mG
azmfjyyg tcsufrsm;twGuf ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wGif1/ EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (zqyv? yrnw? r[mArm? qdkS,fvpf? tvkyform; v,form; ygwD?
wdkYArm-------ponf)
2/ vlwef;pm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (awmifolv,form;? Awvp? wvnp? tvkyform;? wD,lpDbD? bDwD,lpD
ponf/)
3/ vlxktzGJUtpnf;rsm; (ausmif;om;vli,f? ukefonfyGJpm; ponf)
4/ ,ckvufSdynma&;aumfrSif
5/ ynma&;Xmeudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
6/ ynma&;wwfuRrf;olrsm;
579
7/ vlrsKd;pkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
yg0ifumEdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ OD;pD;acgif;aqmifrIjzifh usif;yjyKvkyf oifhonf[l wifjyvdkayonf/
(3)
Edik if aH wmfdS toif;tzGUJ aygif;pHk ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;rS ]ynma&;0g'} w&yf csrSwNf yD;pDcv
hJ Qif xd0k g'udk
taumiftxnf azmf&eftwGuf ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf wenf;qdkaomf ynma&;pepfw&yfudk a&;qGJ&ayvdrfhrnf/
uJhodkY a&;qGJ&mwGifum; tpdk;&ynma&;Xme udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? ynma&;wwfuRrf;olrsm; yg0ifaom ESD;aESmzvS,f
yGJBuD; w&yfrSae wm0ef,lum a&;qGJ&rnf jzpfayonf/ EdkifiHawmfSd toif;tzGJUaygif;pHk taeESifhaomfum; rdrdwdkY
tvdu
k s ynma&;0g'w&yf csrw
S Nf yD;pD;onfh tm;avsmpf mG yg0ifvyk af qmif&ef wm0efrSad wmh[k ,lqayonf/ odYktwGuf
csrSwfxm;aom ynma&;0g'? ynma&;rlESifhtnD ynma&;pDrHudef;udk a&;qGJ&mwGif atmufygtwdkif; a&;qGJ&efvdktyf
ayonf/
(1) rlvwef;ynma&;
rlvwef;ynma&;wGif u@ESpf&yf yg0ifayonf/ emp&D (ac:) uav;oli,fausmif;ESifh rlvwef;ausmif;
jzpfayonf/
rlvwef;ausmif;onf ynma&;twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm ta&;tBuD;qHk; pOf;pm;&rnfh
tcsufjzpfayonf/ tajccHtkwfjrpf rcdkifrmvQif xdkynma&;pepfonf NydKuGJrnfjzpfayonf/ rlvwef;ynma&;udk
pOf;pm;&mwGif vlwdkif;ynmwwfa&;udk tajccHum roifrae&ynma&;pepfESifh xdkpepfjy|mef;cJhaomf pD;yGm;a&;t&
vkyfaqmifaeaom uav;oli,frsm; ynmoifMum;Edkif&ef pDpOfrIudkyg xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf[k ,lqayonf/
ae&mwGif roifrae& ynma&;prf;oyfonfh (Project) tawGUtMuHKay:wGif tajccHoifhayonf/
(2) rlvwef;vGefynma&;
(5) wef;? (9) wef;rSonf wuodkvf0iftxd yg0ifaom ynmoifMum;a&;yifjzpfonf/ tqifhwGif
EdkifiHawmfynma&;0g'twGuf tav;xm;um pOf;pm;a&;qGJ&rnf jzpfayonf/
(3) txufwef;ynma&;
wuodkvfESifh (Institute) rsm; tygt0if jzpfayonf/
(4) toufarG;0rf;aMumif;rIynmoifMum;a&;rsm;
rlvwef;atmifjrifNyD; ynmqufvufroifMum;Edik af om uav;oli,frsm;twGuf vnf;aumif;? rlvwef;
vGeftqifhSd ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf vnf;aumif;? wuodkvfodkY ynmqufvufrqnf;Edkifolrsm;twGuf vnf;
aumif;? 'D*&DbGJU& toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ynm&yfrsm;twGuf vnf;aumif; pOf;pm;a&;qGJ&rnf jzpfayonf/
(5) oifdk;oifwef;rsm;
(Curriculum) ,ckvufdS oif;kd oifwef;rsm;udk aocsmusepGmppfaq; acwfaemufusjzpfaeaom oif;kd
oifwef;rsm;? wdk;wufaomacwfESifh rudkufnDaom oifdk;oifwef;rsm;udk avhvmjzKwfy,fjcif;? acwfESifhnDatmif
jyKjyifjcif;? EdkifiHawmfynma&;0g'udk taumiftxnfazmfaprnfh oifdk;oifwef;rsm; jzpfap&ef pDpOf&rnfjzpfayonf/
(6) q&mjzpfoifwef;rsm;
(u) vufSdq&m? q&mrrsm;wGif a[mif;EGrf;aomt,ltqrsm; 0ifa&muf cdkatmif;vsufSd&m EdkifiHawmf\
0g'? ynma&;0g'ESifhtnD jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;/
(c) q&mjzpfoifwef;ausmif;rsm; Teachership Training rsm;ta&;/
(*) q&mrsm;tcGifhta&;? vpmaiGowfrSwfjcif;rsm;udk pOf;pmaqG;aEG;&rnf jzpfayonf/
(7) ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfxkwfvkyfa&;
(8) oufBuD;ynma&;ESifU tm;vyfcGifUoifwef;rsm;ta&;
(9) okawoeSmazGa&; wdkhjzpfonf/
txufygtcsurf sm;udk Edik if aH wmfynma&;0g'ESit
hf nD a&;qG&J mwGif ynma&;Xmeud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; ynma&;
wwfuRrf;olrsm;\ wm0efo
dS nfah vsmuf vufzdS UJG pnf;xm;aom ynma&;aumfrSif yk*Kd vfrsm;tjyif jyifyrS ynma&;
vkyo
f uf&ifo
h rl sm;? ynma&;aumfrSirf sm;? aumfrwDrsm;wGif yg0ifczhJ ;l olrsm;? ynma&;uRrf;usiforl sm;udyk g xyfrjH znfh
pGufum ndEIdif;a&;qGJ oifhonf[k ,lqygonf/
(4)
580

odYktwGuf wuorS xyfrw
H u
kd w
f eG ;f vdo
k nfrmS ta&;BuD;qH;k jzpfaom (Education Policy) udk jynfaxmifpk
om; w&yfvHk; vufcHonfh ynma&;0g'jzpfEdkifa&;? ynma&;pepf jzpfEdkifa&;twGuf tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh ynma&;qdkif&m
uRrf;usifolrsm; yg0ifaom ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wckudk tjrefqHk;usif;y&ef wdkufwGef;vdkufygaMumif;/
aehpGJ- 7? 11? 57
trIaqmiftzGYJ
&efukefwuodkvf
&efukefNrdKY
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG
ay:ayguv
f myHEk iS hf tajccHoabmxm; taxGaxGtpD&ifcpH m
&Jabmfudk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkhcifAsm;jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ ay:aygufvmyHk? ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk rnfuJhodkY usif;yoGm;rnfudk tpD&ifcHvdkyg
onf/ txl;ojzifh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ\ tajccHoabmxm;udk azmfjytpD&ifcHrnf jzpfygonf/
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh rnfodkYay:aygufvmonfudk OD;pGmtpD&ifcHygrnf/ ESD;aESm
zvS,fyGJ obmywd\ rdefYcGef;wGif azmfjycJhNyD;jzpfojzifh tcef;udk tusOf;rQom tpD&ifcHrnf jzpfayonf/
'kwd,urmppfBuD; NyD;qHk;NyD;aemuf vGwfvyfa&;&SdcJhonfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif ynma&;avmu
tusyftwnf; trsKd;rsKd;awGUMuHKcJh&onf/ odkYawGUMuHKcJh&aom tusyftwnf;rsm;udk ajzSif;&ef ausmif;om;xk
onf tBudrfBudrf tHk<uawmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifcJhMuonf/ jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;uvnf; ynma&;tusyftwnf;udk
ajzSif;&ef vdktyfonfudk odSdvufcHcJhayonf/ tpdk;&onfvnf; ajzSif;Edkif&ef trsKd;rsKd; BudK;yrf;cJhayonf/
odkYaomf ,ckwdkif EdkifiHawmfonf ynma&;tusyftwnf;rS kef;xGuf r&Edkifao;ay/
udv
k ekd pD epf <uif;usef&pfaom tarGq;kd aMumifyh if odYk tusyftwnf; awGUae&jcif; jzpfayonf/ tajccH
usus pepfwckv;kH udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ rypfEikd o
f aGU rnfoYkd yif jyKjyifzmax;onfjzpfap tusyftwnf; qufvuf
awGUaernfom jzpfayonf/
tcsufudk ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u ydkifEdkifpGm MunfhIEdkifcJhojzifh ynma&;a&;pepfwckvHk; jyKjyif
ajymif;vJypfNyD; ynma&;0g'opfudkcsrSwfum ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf a&;qGJEdkifa&;twGuf or*rsm;rSOD;aqmifum
wdkufyGJ0ifcJh ayonf/
odkY wdkufyGJ0ifcJh&mwGif 1956 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*rS wuodkvfynma&;
jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf a<u;aMumfcJhonf/ xdkESpfwGif ausmif;om;xkqEaMumifh wuodkvfrS (3) cgusESifh
65% ausmif;wuf&ufpepfudk pHkprf;a&;aumfrSif zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/ pmwrf;wapmifudk xdkaumfrSifrS xkwfjyefcJh
onf/ xdkpmwrf;tay: wuorS oabmxm;udk 31? 55? 67 aeYu xkwfjyef&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiH\ynma&;udk
zmax;Edkifa&;twGuf BuKd;yrf;HkrQjzifh tusyftwnf;rsm;rS rvGwfajrmufEdkif/ ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf
Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;rS ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;? vlxv
k w
l ef;pm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rS ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;? q&mrsm;? vli,fausmif;
om;rsm;ESifh ynmSifrsm;tm;vHk;\ awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS OD;pD;usif;y&ef wifjycJhayonf/
odkY wifjyNyD;aemuf 8? 6? 57 &ufaeY EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf\ (4) ESpfpDrHudef;rdefYcGef;wGif ynma&;jyKjyif
ajymif;vJa&;twGuf azmfjycJah yonf/ (4) ESppf rD u
H ed ;f tpdwt
f ydik ;f w&yftjzpf ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfrwD zGUJ pnf;ay:
aygufvmcJhayonf/ odkY ajymMum;cJhonfhrdefYcGef;ESifh zGJUpnf;cJhonfh aumfrSifwdkYtm; ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrI
tvm;tvmtwGuf c&D;OD;MudKjyKcJhayonf/
BuKdqkd rHk Qru ydrk akd tmifjrifEikd af &;twGuf tMuHPfrsm; ay;cJah yonf/ Edik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,f
yGJudk vlxkvlwef;pm;rsm;? EdkifiHa&;ygwD? ynmSifrsm;? q&mrsm;? vli,fausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifNyD;
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS OD;pD;usif;yjyKvkyfay;&ef 7? 11? 57 &ufaeYwGif xyfrHwifjycJhjyefonf/
581
odYk wifjy&mwGif ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfrwDEiS hf tBudrBf udrf awGUqHak qG;aEG;cJ&h m ausmif;om;rsm;\ wifjy
csuftwdik ;f jynfph o
kH nfh Edik if aH wmfdS jynfov
l x
l w
k &yfv;kH udk ud,
k pf m;jyKEdik o
f nfh ynma&;ES;D aESm zvS,yf BJG uD;w&yf
usif;yEdkifa&;udk oabmwlnDcsuf r&SdEdkifbJ ausmif;om;rsm; ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; usif;yEdkifa&;udkom
ulnDcJhayonf/ odkY usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf wuotm; wm0efvTJtyfcJhNyD;aemuf usif;yvQif ynma&;pHkprf;rI
aumfrSifrS ulnD&efwdkYudk ulnDcJhayonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;tm; udk,fpm;jyKEdkifonfh ESD;aESm
zvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf tm;xkwfBudK;yrf;onfhtaejzifh ,ckausmif;om;rsm; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;
atmifjrifa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;cJh&ayonf/
,ckE;DS aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;udk &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*? rEav;wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*?
armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*? rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*? ausmufjzLOypmaum
vdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*? ykodrfOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*ESifh ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;
tzGJUcsKyfwdkY yl;wGJum A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDw&yf zGJUpnf;vkyfaqmifcJhayonf/
A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD
wuorS
1/ udkpdk;odef; (obmywd)
2/ udkcifarmiftkef; (taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)
3/ udkodef;Sef
4/ udkcifatmif
5/ udkatmifxGef;
6/ udkPf&if
7/ udkcifarmifBuD;
8/ udkatmifomausmf
9/ udkvSwif
10/ udkav;GefY
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f m
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJu

G ;D
A[djk yifqifa&;aumfrwD
( 1958 - 1959 )
582

rwuorS
11/ udkapmvGif
12/ udkcsKd
13/ udkwifaT
14/ udkcifarmif0if;
15/
-
armfvNrdKifrS
16/ udkausmftkef;
17/ udkausmfvS
18/ udkrif;axG;
19/ udkausmfSdef
20/ rjrifhjzL?
rauG;rS
21/ udkGefYarmif
22/ udkrif;ausmf
23/ udkwifOD;
24/ udkxGef;EG,fOD;
25/ udkcspfaiG
ausmufjzLrS
26/ udkbwif
27/ udkpdk;0if;
28/ udkxGm;csKd
29/ udkbdk;wif
30/ udkpHvdIif
ykodrfrS
31/ udkcifxGef;
32/ udkGefY0if;
33/ udkjrifhodef;
34/ udkarmifarmifpdef
35/
-
Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS
36/ udkaZmf0if;
37/ udkvSjrifh
38/ udkpGefwdwf
39/ udkjrifhOD;
40/ udkndK0if;
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJOD;pD;tzGJY
1/ udkpdk;odef; (obmywd)
2/ udkapmvGif ('k-obmywd)
3/ udkcifarmiftkef; (taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)
4/ udkwifaT (wGJbuf-axGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)
5/ udkausmfvS
6/ udkrif;axG;
7/ udkGeYfarmif
8/ udkrif;ausmf
9/
10/
11/ udkcifxGef;
12/
-
OD;pD;tzGJUudk azmfjyygtwdkif; wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfor*rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;uspD yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;

ayonf/ odYk ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;atmifjrifa&;twGuf jyifqifBudK;yrf;Mu&mwGif 0rf;omtm;&pGmESihf tm;ay;BudKqdak om
jynfot
l aygif;wdYk \ axmufct
H m;ay;rIukd &Scd MhJ uaomfvnf; wbufwiG v
f nf; rrSeu
f efaomoabmrsm;ESihf Munfh rI I
rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ESrd chf sMunfh t
I xifao;rIrsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif; taESmift
h ,Sut
f zsuf
tqD;rsm; &ifqdkifcJhMu&ayonf/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap ,aeYEdkifiHESifht0Srf; a'otoD;oD; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkY pka0;a&mufSd
aeMuayNyD/ Edik if aH wmf\ ynma&;0g'opf csrSwEf ikd af &;ESihf ynma&;pDru
H ed ;f w&yf a&;qGEJ ikd af &;twGuf pkaygif;aqG;aEG;
ESD;aESmzvS,f wdkifyifMuawmhrnf jzpfayonf/
&Jabmfudk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkhrnfoYkdE;DS aESmMurnfenf;/ ES;D aESmNyD;aemuf Edik if aH wmftwGuf aumif;rGeaf om tMuHPfrsm;udk rnfoYkdpak ygif;
Murnfenf;/ onfwdkYum; ta&;BuD;aom pepfuspGmpOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufBuD;rsm; jzpfayonf/ tcsufrsm;
Sif;vif;aqmifGufEdkifa&;twGuf ,aeY&JabmfwdkY pkaygif;ESD;aESmMurnfh oabmtajccHrsm;udk wifjyvdkygonf/
OD;pGmyxr ES;D aESmzvS,yf \
JG qdv
k ckd suEf iS t
hf jccHukd Si;f vdyk gonf/ ES;D aESmzvS,yf q
JG o
kd nfrmS &JabmfwYkdMuHKawGU
aeus tpnf;ta0;rsm;? nDvmcHrsm;uJhodkY r[kwfay/ pkaygif;awGUqHkum qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwf? awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
awmif;qdk&ef pnf;a0;awGUqHk nDvmcHoabmrsKd; r[kwf/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrSm pkaygif;awGUqHkum tajctaew&yf?
583
jyemw&yfudk tawGUtMuHKtoD;oD;ESifh,SOf ESD;aESmzvS,fMuNyD;aemuf xdktajctae odkYr[kwf jyem&yfrsm;udk
ajzSif;&efndEIdif; tajzSmMujcif;jzpfonf/
odkYESD;aESmzvS,f&mwGif tajctaersm;udk ay:vGifEdkifatmif aqG;aEG;&mwGif tajctaerSef &SdapEdkif&ef
twGuf pmwrf;rsm;udk zwfMum;um xdkpmwrf;rsm;tay: tajcjyKaqG;aEG;Muayonf/ wifjyaom pmwrf;rsm;onf
aqG;aEG;twnfjyK&rnfh pmwrf;rsm;r[kwf? tpD&ifcHpm oabmrsKd;r[kwf/ aqG;aEG;&mwGif tajccHoabmjzpfap&ef
wifjyonfh pmwrf;rsm;jzpfayonf/
pmwrf;rsm;tay:wGif tajccHum jynf0h pGmaqG;aEG;NyD;aemuf axmufc&H nfeT ;f csufrsm;? tMuHay;csufrsm;udk
pkaygif;xkw,
f l &ayonf/ axmufc&H nfeT ;f csurf sm;? tMuHay;csurf sm;udk pkaygif;xkw,
f o
l nft
h cef;wGif jynfph pkH mG ygSd
Edkifa&;udk t"du*kjyK&ayonf/
odkY ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ tajccHoabmxm;rsm;udk wifjyNyD;aemuf &JabmfwdkYtm; ,aeYusif;yrnfh ynma&;
ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;onf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if \
H ynma&;twGuf rnfonft
h cef;u@rS rnfoYkd aqmifu
G o
f mG ;&rnf
udk wifjyvdkygonf/
&Jabmfw-hkd
,aeY Edik if aH wmfynma&;twGuf vdt
k yfcsurf mS wdusaomtajctaeESihf udu
k n
f aD om ynma&;0g'opfw&yf
csrSwfEdkifa&;ESifh xdkcsrSwfaom ynma&;0g'tay:wGif tajccH EdkifiHawmf\vdktyfcsuf tvHk;pHkudk jznfhpGrf;Edkifaom
ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf a&;qGJEdkifa&;jzpfonf/
ynma&;0g'opfw&yf csrSwfEdkifa&;ESifh ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf a&;qGJEdkifa&;wdkYtwGuf ESD;aESmzvS,f
yGJBuD;rS xrf;aqmifMudK;yrf; ay;Mu&rnf/ ynma&;0g'opfw&yf csrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHawmf\ ,cifESifh ,ck
vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh ynma&;tajctaersm;udk wdusydkifEdkifpGm oHk;oyfNyD;aemuf EdkifiHawmf\ ,ckvufSd tajctae?
EdkifiHawmf\ &nfrSef;csufrsm;ESifh tudkufnDqHk; ynma&;0g'opfw&yfudk csrSwfEdkif&ef vdktyfayonf/
xdkodkYcsrSwfaom ynma&;0g' tay:wGif tajccH ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf a&;qGJ&mrSm ynma&;yg&*lrsm;\
wm0efomjzpfayonf/ ynma&;yg&*lrsm; a&;qGJrnfh ynma&;pDrHudef;twGuf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rS tydkif;vdkuf?
u@vdkuf ydkif;jcm;um csrSwfxm;aom 0g'ay:wGiftajccH tMuHPfrsm;ay;tyf&ef vdktyfayonf/ tMuHPfay;
csufrsm;rSmvnf; tao;pdw
f ausmif;wausmif;? NrdKUwNrdKU? a'owcktwGuf pdppfay;tyfcsufrsm; r[kwb
f J ynma&;
pDrHudef;\ tpdwftydkif;? u@rsm;twGuf ay;tyfonfhu@rsm; jzpfayonf/
tajccHoabmxm;rsm;ESihf ES;D aESmzvS,yf w
JG iG f ta&;BuD;onfw
h m0efrsm; xrf;aqmifEikd af &;twGuf ta&;
BuD;ayonf/ ES;D aESmzvS,yf rJG sKd;rSm Edik if aH wmf\&mZ0ifwiG f yxrqH;k tBudru
f sif;yonfh ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; jzpfonfh
tjyif ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG tawGUtMuHKtvGeef nf;um nDvmcHrsm;? uGe*f &ufrsm;\ tawGUtMuHKrsm;ESihf a&maxG;oGm;rnfukd
txl;*kjyK&rnf jzpfayonf/
xdkYjyif ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;twGif; aqG;aEG;Muaom aqG;aEG;csufrsm; tm;vHk;onf ynma&;twGuf tajccH
&nfG,fum aqG;aEG;&rnf jzpfayonf/ &JabmfwdkY\ rwluGJjym;jcm;em;onfh ,kHMunfcsuf? ,lqcH,lcsufrsm; tm;vkH;
z,fmS ;um Edik if aH wmf\vdt
k yfcsurf sm; jznfph rG ;f Edik af &;ESihf &nfreS ;f csurf sm; xajrmufatmifjrifEikd af &;wdYk twGuf OD;wnf
aqG;aEG;&rnf jzpfayonf/
odkY ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJtajccHrsm;udk ydkifEdkifpGm oabmaygufqkyfudkifrdum BudK;yrf;Mu&rnf jzpfNyD;vQif
ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;onf Edik if aH wmf\ tajctaevdt
k yfcsufrsm;udk jznfph rG ;f Edik o
f nfh ynma&;0g'opfw&yf csrSwEf ikd Nf yD;
vQif xd0k g'ay:wGif tajccHa&;qGrJ nfh ynma&;pDru
H ed ;f twGuf tvGet
f a&;wBuD;vdt
k yfrnfh tMuHPfay;csufrsm;
ay:xGufvmrnfjzpfayonf/
- ynma&;0g'opfcsrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;Mu
- ynma&;pDrHudef;opftwGuf tMuH Pfay;csufrsm; xGufay:vma&;twGuf BudK;yrf;Mu
1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (9) &uf (paeaeh)

584
(wuotaqmuftOD? &efukefwuokdvf)
ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifUpmwrf;
( aumfrSif )
Mo*kwfv (11) &uf
bGJYESif;obifcef;r (&efukefwuodkvf)
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;wGif ynma&;vGwv
f yfciG Ehf iS hf ywfouf tajctae pmwrf;wck
wifjyaqG;aEG;&ef vdktyfayonf/
(1) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhoabmxm;
(2) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifh ydwfyifrIaMumifh jzpfay:vmaomtE&m,f
(3) aqmifGufxdkufonfh axmufcH&nfTef;csuf (Recommendation) ponfh (3) ydkif;udk jyifqifa&;
aumfrwDrS wifoGif;vdkayonf/
(1) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGiUfoabmxm;ynma&;\&nfrSef;csuf (0g) OD;wnfcsufonf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; rdrdwdkY\oabmtavsmuf
rdrdBudKufESpfouf&m rdrdwdkYoefpGrf;&mwdkYudk avhvmoif,lcGifh? A[kokwwdk;yGm;EdkifcGifh &Sdjcif;jzifh vlrItaqmufttHk\
vdktyfcsufrsm;? ,if;\tusKd;twGuf jynfoljynfom;aumif; wa,mufyDyD OD;vnfrokef xrf;GufEdkif&ef zefwD;ay;
Edik af om &nfreS ;f csufjzpf&ayrnf/ if;jyif ynma&;\&nfreS ;f csufonf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; rdrw
d Ykd \ trsKd;om;
,Ofaus;rIudk av;pm;aponfhtjyif tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;\ ,Ofaus;rIudkvnf; em;vnfav;pm;apjcif;jzifh if;wdkYtm;
trsKd;om;vGwv
f yfa&;? 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGit
hf a&;? Nidr;f csrf;a&;? tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;\ jynforl sm;udk em;vnfav;pm;rI
Sdapjcif;udk zefwD;Edkifrnfh ynma&;&nfrSef;csuf jzpf&ayrnf/
if;&nfrSef;csuf (0g) ynma&; &nfG,fcsufrsm;\ tESpfom&toGifonf vlom;wdkY\ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
tywfwukwf BudK;pm;&if;rS ay;pGr;f Edik af om 0dZm ynm&yfrsm;udk avhvmqnf;yl;jcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? tjyKoabmjzifh
wd;k wufxeG ;f um;atmif aqmifu
G jf cif;jzifh vnf;aumif; ay:vGix
f ifmS ;ap\/ qdv
k o
kd nfrmS ynma&;onf wckwnf;
aom vlrItaqmufttHk\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhpGrf;Edkifaponfh oabmSd&rnf/ ynma&;ydkif;jcm;csufudk (Oyrm)
pufryI nm? pmayynm oif,&l rnfyh nm (Obligatory) ESihf oifvu
kd oifEikd af omynm (Non-obligatory Training)
ponfh tqufqufukd pkaygif;pyfvsOf; avhvm&onf/ avhvmjcif;jzifh ynma&;\ tESpfom&toGifudk aqmifap
onf/ ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm ynma&;udk rdrd\trsKd;om;bmom pum;jzifh t"duxm; oif,l&rnf/ odkY&mwGif
EdkifiHjcm;bmompum;udkvnf; txl;tm;ay;xdkufayonf/
txufyg&nfreS ;f csuEf iS hf tESpo
f m&toGiu
f akd qmifaom ynma&;onf 'Dru
kd a&pDtoGiaf qmifonfh (Democratic Education) jzpfayonf/ &nfrSef;csuf tESpfom&udk taumiftxnfazmfaom ynma&;vkyfief;wGif- rlvwef;ESifh rlvwef;vGefynma&; oifMum;cGifh
- EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? bmoma&; rcGJjcm;bJ vlwdkif;vGwfvyfpGm tcvGwf ynmoif,lcGifh
- tpdk;&rS wuodkvfynm&yfudk vlwdkif; wufa&mufoifMum;Edkif&ef tcvGwfynma&; aqmifGufjcif;?
axmufyHhaMu; vHkavmufpGmay;a&;? ausmif;aqmif ae&mxdkifcif; vHkavmuf oufomacsmifcsda&;
- ausmif;om;taqmufttHkyHkpHudk pepfwusjyifjcif;jzifh vlrItaqmufttHkwGif ausmif;om;rsm; rdrd
wdkYyg0ifonfh tcef;u@wdkif; vG,fvifhwul 0ifa&mufxrf;aqmifjcif; ponfhvkyf&yfrsm; (0g) vkyfief;
rsm;udk OD;aqmifaponf/
odkYvQif txufyg &nfrSef;csuftESpfom&ESifh vkyf&yfyHkpHwdkYjzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom ynma&;udk csKyfudkif
onfh oabmonf ynma&;vGwv
f yfciG u
hf kd ay;pGr;f Edik o
f nfo
h abm ouf0ifvmonf/ 'Dru
kd a&pDusaom ynma&;
ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhonf odkYSd&rnf/
(u) ausmif;\vkyfief;wGif vGwfvyfcGifh? vkyfudkifaqmifGufEdkifcGifh oabmSd&rnf/ uJhodkY vkyfudkif&m
ausmif;om;? rdb? q&m oH;k yGiq
hf ikd cf sdecf iG o
f zG,f (Balanced Participation) yl;wGaJ qmifu
G &f rnf/
(c) ausmif;\wdk;wuf&mwdk;wuffaMumif; vkyfief;rSeforQ vkyf&mwGif raESmifh,Sufonfhjyif rdrdwdkY\ rlrrSef
aom oabmw&yfudk ausmif;xJwGif roGwfoGif;ap&ef aqmifGuf&rnf/
(*) pD;yGm;a&;ESihf Oya'vGwv
f yfciG hf tmrcHcsuf S&d rnf/ wcsed w
f nf;wGif avmu"gwfoyd EH iS hf ,Ofaus;rIynm
wdk;wuf&m wdk;wufaMumif; avhvmvdkufpm;cGifh Sdap&rnf/
585
(C) ynmoifMum;pepf acwfrD&rnf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ynmoifMum;a&;ESifh vlYavmu tquftpyfSd&rnf/
trsKd;bmomtoGiaf qmif 0dZm enf;usaom ausmif;oH;k pmtkyrf sm; jy|mef;&rnf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm;
wuodkvfESifh txufwef;ausmif; tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif yg0ifcGifhSd&rnf/ wuodkvfodkY ay;tyfxm;onfh
tcGifhta&;udk dkaoMu&rnf/
(i) ynma&;\qefYusifbufjzpfaom ppfom;pkaqmif;jcif;udk rSdap&/
(p) trsKd;orD;wdkif; trsKd;om;ESifh wef;wlynmoifMum;cGifh Sd&rnf/
(q) q&mrsm;cefYxm;&m ynmt&nftcsif;jzifh jzpf&rnf/ Edik if aH &;cGjJ cm;rI ryg0if&/ if;jyif q&mrsm;onf
rdrdwdkY BudKufESpfouf&m EdkifiHa&;0g'udk avhvmydkifcGifh Sd&rnf/
(Z) atmifjrifNyD;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdwdkYt&nftcsif;t& tvkyfvkyfydkifcGifh Sd&rnf/
(2) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifUydwfyifrIaMumifU jzpfay:vmwwfaomtE&m,f
ynma&;tcGifhta&; aESmifh,Suf&m tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;ESifh jynfywdkif;wyg;rS 0ifa&mufzsufqD;jcif;udk
cH&wwfonf/ Oyrmjy&vQif tar&duefEdkifiHwGif ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhydwfyifrIudk rsm;pGmawGUSd&ayonf/ OyrmvljzL-vlrJcGJjcm;oifMum;jcif;? vljzLausmif; vlrJrwufa&mufEdkif? wufa&mufvQif 0dkif;0ef;owfjzwfcH&onftxd
Oyrm- (Little Rock Affair in Sept 1957) ynmwwfygarmursm;pGmudk zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif ausmif;xkwfjcif;rsm;?
ppfaq;jcif;rsm;? Oyrm- (Loyalty Oath, Un-American Act) ponfjzifh tEkjrLygarmuBuD; Oppenheimer
uJo
h Ykdaom vly*k Kd vfrsm; w&m;pGcJ &H onf/ tvkyx
f w
k cf &H onf/ pmtkyjf y|mef;&m tenf;i,fw;kd wufaom toGit
f jyif
aqmifonfh pmtkyfrsm;udkydwfyifonf/ Oyrm- Mark Twain a&;om;aompmtkyfrsm; (A Connecticut Yankee
in Kings Author Court) ponfrsm; jzpfayonf/ if;aemuf ppfom;pkaqmif;jcif;? tEkjrL-[du
k Nf 'dK*siAf ;kH wdr;f aSmif
enf; ppfynm&yftaxGaxGukd ausmif;rsm;oifMum;jcif;? rdrw
d Ykd tvdu
k s ygarmursm;cefY azmifa';Si;f trsKd;rsKd;emrnf
jzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom ausmif;rsm;/ Oyrm- Morgan, Rockefeller career, and Ford ponhf taxmuf
tyHw
h nfausmif;rsm; urmYtESYt
H jym;wnfaqmuf 0g'oGwo
f iG ;f jcif; ponfh ynmvGwv
f yfciG u
hf kd ydwyf ifzsuq
f ;D onfh
oabm oufa&mufojzifh wdkif;jynf\ynma&;udk tE&m,fusa&mufaponf/
,aeYjrefrmjynf ynma&;avmuwGif ynma&;vGwv
f yfciG hf ydS g\avm[laom awG;ac:csufonf ay:ayguf
vmonf/ awG;ac:csufudk ajzqdk&vQif ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhonf rSdao;[k qdkvdkonf/ ydkrdkxifSm;vdkayonfrSm
,ckavmavmq,f awGUSdae&aom jyemESifh ,cifMuHKawGUcJh&aom jyemrsm;udk OD;cdkufwifjy vdkayonf/
ausmif;oHk;pmtkyf jy|mef;&m trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;Edkifonfh zGHUNzdK;Edkifonfh jynfoltcsif;csif;
&if;ES;D cspfMunfa&;udk zefw;D Edik o
f nfh pmtkyrf sm;udk jy|mef;onfxuf tcsif;csif; pdw0f rf;uGaJ paom ,Ofaus;rIacgif;yg;
aom ppfom;pkaqmif;onfh oabmyg0ifaom tpd;k &\ rlrrSeaf om t,ltqwdYk ukd oGwo
f iG ;f apaom npfnrf;onfh
toHk;tEIH;rsm; yg0ifaom pmtkyfrsm;udk ,ckxufwdkif tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;rS wuodkvfausmif;rsm;txd jy|mef;
oifMum;vsufyif Sdaeao;onf/
Oyrm- tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek a&;om;xm;aom vlxkatmfoHjyZmwfuJhodkY pmtkyf?
wyfxJu jrwfudkudk ponfwdkY jzpfonf/
wuodkvfrsm;wGifvnf; Oypmwef;wGif OD;Eka&;om;xm;aom ]jynfaxmifpyk ef;wdik }f uJhodkYaom 0g'oabm
oGwo
f iG ;f onfh pmtkyrf sm;jy|mef;jcif;/ qdv
k o
kd nfrmS wdik ;f jynftaMumif; odapvdv
k Qif txufygpmtkyf jy|mef;&efrvd/k
wdkif;jynf\ tkyfcsKyfyHk? zGJUpnf;yHkpmtkyfrsKd;? tajccHOya'uJhodkYaom pmtkyfrsKd; avhvmaponfum; rlrSefayOD;rnf/
,ckum; uJhodkYr[kwfbJ rdrdwdkYBuKdufESpfouf&m 0g'vrf;pOfudk twif;oGwfoGif;rnfh yHkpHkrsKd;jzpfvm vGwfvyfpGm
avhvmvdkufpm;cGifh ydwfyifjcif;w&yfyif/ if;aemuf wuodkvfodkY EdkifiHjcm;tultnDjzifh oifMum;ydkYcsay;aeaom
tjynfjynfqdkif&m qufoG,fa&; (International Relation) wGif if;oifMum;aom tar&duefq&mrsm;u rdrdwdkY
tar&duef0g'udkom OD;pm;ay;onf/ wzufowfusaom pmtkyfrsm;jy|mef;jcif;? oifMum;ay;jcif;? Oyrm- Perkins
a&; International Relations ponfESifh vlrIqufqHaA' (Sociology) wGifvnf; wzufowfusaom pmayrsm;
ydkYcsaejcif;wdkYonf ynma&;vGwfvyfrItE&m,frsm; jzpfayonf/
ausmif;q&mrsm; cefYxm;&mvnf; ygwDtvdkuscefYxm;jcif;aMumifhvnf; t&nftcsif;rSdaom q&mrsm;
aygrsm;apjcif;/ t&nftcsi;f jynf0h aom q&mrsm;\tcGit
hf a&; ydwyf ifc&H jcif;/ Edik if aH &;0g't& qefYusio
f nfxif&ol
rsm;tm; tvkyfrcefYjcif;? jzKwfjcif;/ (Oyrm-OD;wifaT (ac:) &Jabmfcsrf;at;tm; abm*aA' vufaxmufuxdurS
586

jzKwyf pfjcif;) q&mrsm;cefYtyf&m ygwDtvdkusqdk&mwGif ,aeYvufawGUvkyfae&m tv,fwef;? txufwef;ausmif;
rsm;wGif q&mrsm;cefYxm;&m oufqdkif&m zqyv axmufcHcsufygSdrS cefYxm;jcif;onf txiftSm;jzpfayonf/
if;tjyif wuodkvfvnf; q&mrsm;cefYxm;&m wuodkvfu vGwfvyfpGmaqmifGufcGifh r&EdkifbJ tjyifEdkifiHa&;
avmurS tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;? 0efBuD;rsm;onf 0ifa&mufjc,fvS,fMuonfrSm txiftSm;yif? txl;ojzifh &efukef
wuodkvfwGif udp rMumcPawGUae&ojzifh wuodkvfaumifpDonf Mum;raumif;avmufatmif owif;xGufcJh&
onfum; om"ujzpfayonf/
ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhwGif tusKH;0ifaom ausmif;om;rsm; rdrdwdkY\ynma&;tcGifhta&; wdkufyGJwGif tmPm
ydik rf sm; 0ifa&mufaESmif,
h u
S jf cif;? Oyrm- 1953 ck? atmufwb
kd mv ausmif;wvydwaf &;vIyf mS ;rIwiG f ausmif;om;rsm;
vGwv
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f yf
cGifhudk zsufqD;aESmifh,Sufaom aMumufrufzG,ftE&m,fBuD; jzpfayonf/
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f ta&;BuD;qk;H aom ynma&;vGwv
f yfciG hf zsufq;D jcif;wckrmS or*rsm;udk rw&m;zsuford ;f ypf
vdu
k jf cif;jzpfonf/ uJo
h Ykdaom tjyKtrlonf vlYtcGit
hf a&;vGwv
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f yfpmG
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ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh ywfouf ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ynma&;avmuwGif emrnfxifSm;aom yk*dKvf
ausmfrsm;? ynmSifBuD;rsm;u tus,fw0ifhrdefYMum;Muonf/ Oyrm- t*FvdyfynmSifBuD; bmx&ef&yfq,fu ]ynm
a&;avmuwGif ausmif;om;a&m q&myg vGwv
f yfpmG awG;ac:ciG ?Uf aqmifu
G cf iG ?Uf oifMum;cGiaUf y;&rnf} [k qdkxm;onf/
ynma&;avmuwGif twm;tqD;jzpfaprnfh taESmifht,SuftrsKd;rsKd;? ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhudk ydwfyif onfh
csKyfcs,fjcif;? vGwfvyfpGmawG;ac:cGifh ydwfyifjcif;? q&mrsm;vkyfief;wGif 0ifa&mufaESmifh,Sufjcif;? ausmif;om;rsm;
\ ynma&;avmuwGif 0ifa&mufjc,fv,
S jf cif;? ynma&;rsufEmS vdu
k rf I jyKvkyjf cif;? ynma&;avmuwGif ppfpakH xmuf
ygwD0ifpakH xmufciG hf ponfh tmPmydik t
f pd;k &wdYk\ Ncdr;f ajcmufonfh toGiaf qmifonfh trIxrf;rsm; oGwo
f iG ;f jcif;wdYkukd
jyKvkyfaejcif;wdkYonf ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifh (0g) ynma&;avmu\ 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk vHk;0zsufqD;ydwfyifjcif; jzpfay
onf/
(3) txufyg ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhoabmxm;
tajctaersm; axmufaI vhvm ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;rS ynma&;vGwv
f yfciG u
hf kd xde;f odr;f umuG,Ef ikd af om
atmufygvkyf&yfrsm;udk vkyfxdkufaMumif; &nfTef;vdkonf/
(u) 'Drdkua&pDusaom ynma&;pepfjyKjyifjcif;?
(c) wuodkvfausmif;rsm;wGif ynma&;vkyfief;rsm; oD;jcm;udk,fydkifjy|mef; aqmifGufEdkifcGifhSdjcif;?
(*) wuodkvfausmif;rsm;wGif csKyfcs,fxm;aom Oya'rsm;ESifh pnf;urf; (Unilateral Discipline)
rsm;udk kyfodrf;jcif;?
(C) ausmif;q&mrsm;udk EdkifiHa&;t&r[kwfbJ t&nftcsif;tvdkuf cefYxm;jcif;?
(i) q&m? ausmif;om; yl;wGJumuG,foifhjcif;?
(p) ausmif;om;or*rsm; zGJUpnf;cGifhay;vsuf ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif yl;wGJwm0ef,lEdkifjcif;jzifh ynma&;
vGwfvyfcGifhudk xdef;odrf;Edkifjcif;?
-ponfwdkYudk t"duoabmt& aqmifGufoifhaMumif; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuDrS wifjytyfygonf/
uJhodkY rdefYcGef;ajymMum;jcif;? pmwrf;rsm; wifjyjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ ynma&;0g'ESifh ynma&;&nfrSef;
csufyef;wdkifrSm 'Drdkua&pDynma&; (Democratic Education) jzpfonf/ if;onf r[mAsL[mjzpfonf/ odkYaomf
vnf; wuojzpfysufcJhaom tawGUMuHKt& vufSdEdkifiHi,ftqifhwGif enf;AsL[mtaejzifh ausmif;omb0 om,m
ajzmifjh zL;a&;? oifMum;rItajctae wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf &; (Better Condition of Life and Study) om jzpf&rnf/
urmhausmif;om;or* (I.U.S) uvnf; uRefawmfwdkY EdkifiHrsm;twGuf twdkif;yif oabmxm;ygonf/
wuo? Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf? wyfO;D rS ausmif;om;rsm;yl;aygif; ES;D aESmzvS,yf rJG wdik rf u
D wifjyrnfh pmwrf;
toD;oD;twGuf wm0efc,
JG
l tcsuftvufpak qmif;jcif;? pmwrf;a&;jcif;rsm;udk rem;raevkyu
f ikd Mf u&onf/ wdik yf if
oifholrsm;udk wdkifyif? tMuHPf&,loifhonfrsm;udk ,lcJhMuonf/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk urmat;
ukef;ajrSd taqmiftoD;oD;wGif pepfwus ae&mcsxm;&onf/ tkyfpkcGJ tm;NydKifpnf;Hk;rIrsm; SdcJhygonf/ &efukef
587
wuov
kd v
f rl sKd;pktoif;tzGUJ aygif;pHEk iS hf em;vnfr&I Sad tmif aqmifu
G &f jcif;? A[djk yifqifa&;aumfrwDrS udck sKd (rEav;
wuodkvf) ESifhtcsKdU EkwfxGufoGm;onfrSvGJ usefESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk 13? 8? 58 &uf? eHeufykdif;wGif wuo
Ou| udkpdk;odef; acgif;aqmifonfh wyfOD;tkyfpku atmifjrifpGm usif;yNyD;pD;cJhonf/
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;ESifh apwemrSefESifh dk;om;pGm&yfwnfjcif;udk odem;vnfonfESifhtrQ 0efBuD;csKyf
onf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ wufa&mufolrsm;udk npmjzifh {nfhcHonf/ azsmfajza&; tpDtpOfrsm;ygonf/ yxrwGif rlt&
vufcjH cif;rjyKcJah om txuausmif;om;or*rS ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf c&D;p&dwx
f w
k af y;&ef 0efBuD;csKyfu oabm
wlcJhygonf/ qufoG,fa&;wm0efcH ynma&;okawoet&mSd OD;bjrifhtm; xdkwm0efudk aqmifGuf&ef 0efBuD;csKyf
u ausmif;om;rsm;aSUyif EIwfrdefYay;cJhavonf/
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJaMumifh tpdk;&\odumrsm;pGm wufoGm;onf/ tpdk;&ESifhausmif;om;Mum; tjrJwrf;uP
aump jzpfaerIrsm;udk ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;ESifh tpdk;&yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifEdkifjcif;? em;vnfrISdvmjcif; jzpfonf/
ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG tusKd;qufrmS yDuif;NrdKUawmfwiG f usif;yrnfh urmah usmif;om;or* (I.U.S) nDvmcHoYkd Auorsm;
tzGJUcsKyf? wuoESifh usefaumvdyfwuodkvf or*udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufcGifh&&ef vrf;yGifhoGm;jcif; jzpfayonf/
H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf rJG S
xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf
1/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;Sd wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkrS OD;pD;usif;yum jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;
qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJudk 1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (9) &ufaeYrS (13) &ufaeYtxd &efukef
wuodkvf bGJUESif;obifcef;raqmif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/ wuodkvfESifh aumvdyftoif;tzGJUrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f
aygif; (215) a,muf? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&wef;jrifhausmif;rS udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (441) a,muf? NrdKUe,fausmif;om;rsm;
or*rS udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (110) a,mufESifh pufrIvufrIESifh pdkufysKd;a&;ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (11)
a,muf wufa&muf pkpkaygif; udk,fpm;vS,f (789) a,muf wufa&mufMuonf/
2/
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wGif jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDrS a&;qGJum1/ ynma&;0g'wifjycsufpmwrf;
2/ oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yfESifh ywfouf oabmxm;wifjycsuf
3/ rlvwef;? rlvwef;vGefynma&;ESifh tvGwfynmoifausmif;pmwrf;
4/ twef;vGefynma&;pmwrf;
5/ pufrIvufrItoufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynma&;pmwrf;
6/ vlrsKd;pkynma&;pmwrf;
7/ ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh or*zGJUpnf;cGifhpmwrf;
8/ vlxkynma&;ESifh oufBuD;ynma&;pmwrf;[l pmwrf;aygif; (13) ck a&;om;wifjycJhonf/ aumfrSif
(8) pkcGJum aqG;aEG;cJhonf/
3/
ynma&;0g'wifjycsufpmwrf;udk 1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (10) &ufaeYwGif wufa&mufvmaom udk,fpm;
vS,frsm;tm; tpk (5) pkcGJum aqG;aEG;cJhonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif wufa&mufvmaom udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;
pdwt
f m;xufoefpmG yg0ifaqG;aEG;Muonf/ ynma&;0g' wifjycsupf mwrf;udk wufa&muf aqG;aEG;olrsm;u oabmwl
nD vIdufvSJpGmvufcHMuygonf/ pmwrf;a&;om;rIESifh ywfouf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ ynma&;0g'ESifh ynma&;
vkyfief;rsm;udk oHk;oyfa0zef&mwGif ydkrdkjynfhpHkvHkavmufpGm a0zef&efoifhaMumif;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;Muonf/ wifjy
aqG;aEG;csufuv
kd nf; jyifqifa&;A[dak umfrwDrS wifjycsufjzpfaom ynma&;0g' (8) &yfEiS yhf wfouf wufa&mufol
rsm;u ,ckxufydkNyD; tcsuftvufjynfhpHkpGm a&;oifhaMumif; tMuHay;&m A[dkaumfrwDrS vufcHoabmwlnDaMumif;?
wufa&mufol udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS tcsKdUolrsm;u e,fcsJUya'o&mZfqefYusifa&; [laomtcsufudk tcsufw&yft
jzpfEiS hf vnf;aumif;? 'Dru
kd a&pDynma&;0g'udk tcsuw
f csut
f jzpf vnf;aumif;? (cultural autonomy) ,Ofaus;rI
vGwfvyfcGifh[laomtcsufudk vnf;aumif;? pm&dwr@dKifjrifhwifa&;? vlwdkif;usef;rma&;twGuf upm;ckefpm;tm;
ay;a&;[laomtcsufukd vnf;aumif;? Ak'b
momrl Ak'y nma&;jzpf&rnf [laomtcsufrsm;udk vnf;aumif; jznhpf u
G f
csrSwfoifhaMumif; wifjyaqG;aEG;Muonf/ xdktcsufrsm;ESifh ywfouf jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDESifh oabmxm;jcif;
wlnrD rl Syd g/ rwlnrD o
I nfh taMumif;jycsuu
f rkd u
l m; aumfrSit
f oD;oD; wifjyaqG;aEG;csuu
f kd tpD&ifcaH om oD;jcm;pm
588

wrf;rsm;wGif ygSdNyD; jzpfygaMumif;/
4/
oifMum;rIr@dkKifbmom&yfESifh ywfoufaom oabmxm;wifjycsufpmwrf;udk 11? 8? 58 rS 12? 8? 58
&ufaeYwGif &efukefwuodkvf? *syfqifcef;r udkcifarmiftkef; (wuo) twGif;a&;rSL; obmywdjyKvkyf tcsuf
tvuf SmazGpak qmif;a&;aumfrwDrS udak tmifxeG ;f u wifjyoltjzpfaqmifu
G
f aqG;aEG;MuaMumif;? xdak qG;aEG;yGw
J iG f
ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,af ygif; (35) a,muf wufa&mufygaMumif;? oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yfonf jrefrmpmjzpf&rnf
qdkonfhtcsufudk wufa&mufolrsm;tm;vHk;u vIdufvSJpGm axmufcHoabmwlMuygonf/
]jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;rSty tjcm;aom vlrsK;d rsm;oifMum;onfU rlvwef;ausmif;rsm; if;wdu
hk ,
kd yf ikd f bmompmay
udk oifMum;rIr@dKib
f mom&yftjzpf toH;k jyK&rnf} [laomtcsufudk >cif;csufxm;Sd&ef udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u wifjy&m
jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwD\ qEESifhudkufnDonf[k ,lqygaMumif;/
jrefrmbmomudk oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yftjzpf toH;k jyKaomfvnf; Edik if jH cm;pmayrsm;wGif t*Fvyd b
f mom
onf ta&;BuD;onfh tcef;rSmSad eao;onft
h wGuf t*Fvyd b
f momudk 'kw,
d roifrae& bmom&yftjzpf jy|mef;um
rlvwef;vGefrS pwifoifMum;oifhonf[laom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ wifjycsufrSmvnf; jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwD\
oabmESifhwlnDygaMumif;? oifyHkoifenf; ajymif;vJa&;? rlvwef;? rlvwef;vGefESifh wuodkvfwdkYonf ynmoifMum;
a&; pepfwusqufoG,f&ef vdktyfaeaMumif;udk wifjyMu&m jyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS vufcHobmwlnDygaMumif;/
5/
rlvwef;ynm? rlvwef;vGefynma&;? tvGwfynmoifausmif;rsm; [laom pmwrf; (3) apmifudk wuo
Ou| udpk ;kd ode;f (obmywd)? ykord Of ypmaumvdyo
f r* Ou| udck ifxeG ;f u (obmywd) tjzpfaqmif&u
G
f tcsuft
vuf pkaqmif;SmazGa&;aumfrwDrS udkbaumif;? udkeef;a0? udkatmifMunfwdkYu wifjyygonf/ aqG;aEG;yGJudk 1958
ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (11) &ufaeYrS (13) &ufaeY? nae (5) em&DcGJtxd bGJUESif;obifcef;raqmif aqG;aEG;Muygonf/
wufa&mufol udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (30*) a,mufjzpfygaMumif;? aqG;aEG;olaygif; (30) jzpfygonf/
rlvwef;ynma&;pmwrf;udk aqG;aEG;Mu&m A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD\ wifjycsufpmwrf;udk wufa&muf
aqG;aEG;Muolrsm; oabmwlnD vufcMH uygonf/ pmwrf;yg tcsut
f vufrsm;ESihf ywfouf wifjyaqG;aEG;Mu&m0,f
t*Fvyd b
f momudk rlvwef;rS pwifvnf;aumif;? (3) wef;rS pwifvnf;aumif; oifMum;&ef ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f csKUd u
wifjy aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;csufrSm jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDESifh qEcsif;rwlnDyg/ oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom
&yf wifjycsufpmwrf;wGif wifjyNyD;jzpfygonf/ Ak'b
momudv
k nf;aumif;? pm&dwj yKjyifa&;udv
k nf;aumif;? rlvwef;
wGif pwifoifMum;ay;&efESifh ywfoufvnf; A[dkaumfrwDESifh oabmqEcsif; rudkufnDyg/ ynmoifMum;a&;\
&nfG,fcsufwGif jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwfudef;atmifa&; xnfhoGif;&ef wifjyaqG;aEG;Mu&m A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS
xnfhoGif;oifhonf[k oabm&Sdygonf/
txl;ojzifh rlvwef;ynmoifMum;a&; tydik ;f wGiyf gSad om rlvwef;ESihf q&mjyemtcef;udk wufa&muf
aqG;aEG;Muolrsm;u txl;wifjy aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ q&m? q&mrrsm; rvHak vmufrrI sm;? t&nftcsif; rjynfrh rI sm;udk
wifjyaqG;aEG;Mu&m jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDESifh oabmxm;csif;wlnDonf/
rlvwef;vGeyf nma&;ESihf ywfouf ud,
k pf m;vS,af ygif; (19) a,muf aqG;aEG;G cGi&hf Sad Mumif;? A[dak umfrwD
\ wifjycsufpmwrf;udk aqG;aEG;oltm;vHk;uyif axmufcHaqG;aEG;Mu if;wdkY\ e,fajra'orsm;wGif ay:aygufae
aom vdt
k yfcsurf sm;? tjzpftysurf sm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG; axmufco
H mG ;Mu&mwGif A[dak umfrwDtaeESihf oabmwlnrD yI g
onfhtwGuf tvGwfynmoifausmif;pmwrf;wGif aqG;aEG;Mu&mwGifrlum; A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD\pmwrf;udk >cif;
csufrSd axmufcHaqG;aEG;Muygonf/ omoemjyKausmif;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&uodrf;ydkuf&ef[laom udk,fpm;vS,f
wdkY\ wifjycsufrlum; A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDu omoema&;ESifhywfoufae pOfpm;oifhonf[k wifjyygaMumif;?
txl;ojzifh raqG;aEG;vdkufMuaom ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS pmjzifhwifjyMuonfh wifjycsuf (131) csuf &SdaMumif;/
6/
txufwef;vGef ynma&;pmwrf;udk 11? 8? 58 &ufaeY? nae (3) em&DwGif wuocef;r vnf;aumif;?
12? 8? 58 &ufaeYwGif t*fvdyfpmcef;r vnf;aumif; aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ obmywdtjzpf rwuoOu| udkapm
vGiu
f aqmifu
G
f tcsut
f vufpak qmif;a&;aumfrwDrS udak rmifarmifeG Yf? udw
k ifxw
G w
f Ykdu wifjyygonf/ ud,
k pf m;
vS,faygif; (47) a,mufwuf (29) a,muf aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ pmwrf;wGifygSdonfhtwdkif; tydkif; (6) ydkif;
aqG;aEG;Mu&mwGif wufa&mufolrsm;\ oabmwlnDrI &Sdygonf/ oifMum;yHkpepfwGifygSdaom pmar;yGJpepfESifh
ywfouf udk,fpm;vS,fawmf (2) OD;u rausvnfojzifh A[dkaumfrwDESifh qEjcif;rwlnDjzpfcJhygonf/ ausmif;om;
r@dKifydkif;wGif udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u pmwrf;ygtcsufrsm;[l ,lqonf/ jynfhpHkpGma&;om;oifhonf[k wifjyMu&m
A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDtaeESifh oabmwlvufcHygonf/ tjcm;tcsuftvufrsm;rSm jznfhpGuftMuHay;csufrsm;
589
jzpf oD;jcm;aumfrSiftvdkuf wifjyonfh pmwrf;rsm;wGif ygSdygonf/
7/
pufrIvufrI toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ynm&yfwifjycsuf pmwrf;rsm;udk 11? 8? 58 ESifh 12? 8? 58 &ufaeY
wGif avmu"gwfcef; (1) usif;yjyKvkyyf gaMumif;? obmywdtjzpf rwuo twGi;f a&;rSL; udw
k ifaTu aqmifu
G f
wifjyoltjzpf tcsuftvufSmazGpkaqmif;a&;aumfrwDrS udkpdk;ausmfuaqmifGufonf/ udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (50)
wufa&mufMuygonf/ A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS wifjyaompmwrf;udk aqG;aEG;Muol udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u vufcH
oabmwl ,aeYxkwfvkyfvsufSdaom vufrIynmonfrsm;tm; ta&twGufuefYowfrI rSdap&efudk vnf;aumif;?
tkycf sKyfa&;ydik ;f wGif Edik if jH cm;rSpu
G zf ufrI uif;vGwaf &;[laom tyd'k u
f kd xnfo
h iG ;f &ef wifjytMuHay;Mu&m A[dak umfrwD
ESifh oabmqEjcif; wlnDrISdcJhygonf/
8/
vlrsKd;pkynma&;pmwrf;udk 11? 8? 58 &ufaeYrS 12? 8? 58 &ufaeYxd aumifppD nf;a0;cef;rwGif usif;yjyKvkyf
ygonf/ obmywdtjzpf wuotrIaqmif udkcifatmifu aqmifGuf tcsuftvufSmazGpkaqmif;a&;aumfrwDrS
udkatmifoef;? udkatmifomausmfwdkYu wifjyolrsm;tjzpf aqmifGufygonf/ udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (58) a,muf
wufa&mufaqG;aEG;Mu vlrsKd;pkpmwrf;yg oabmxm;wifjycsufESifh ywfouf aqG;aEG;oludk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh
oabmwlnD Muygonf/ odkYaomf vlrsKd;pkpmwrf;onf jynfhpHkaompmwrf;wck r[kwfao;aMumif;udk wifjy&m A[dk
jyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS vufcHygonf/
jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwfzGHUNzdK;a&;pmydk'fudk tydk'f (2) aSUrSxnfhoGif;ay;&ef? rGefbmomudk tydkbmomtjzpfrS
pdwfBudKufbmomtjzpf jy|mef;&ef? vlrsKd;pkrsm;tm; ynma&;twGuf txl;&efyHkaiGxm;Sd&ef? ytdk0fhpmwrf;wGif ygaom
pmwrf;wckudk jznfhpGuf&ef tMuHay; wifjyMuygonf/
9/
ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh ausmif;om;or*pmwrf;udk 11? 8? 59 aeY? aeYvnfydkif;? 12? 8? 58 aeY?
eHeufydkif;wGif aqG;aEG;Mu&m udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (253) a,mufwufa&muf aqG;aEG;olaygif; (47) a,mufSdNyD;
pdwftm;xufoefpGm aqG;aEG;MuaMumif;? obmywdtjzpf udkaZmf0if; (Auorsm;zGJUcsKyf Ou|) u aqmifGufNyD;?
t&Hobmywdtjzpf udkpHvIdif (ausmufjzLOypmaumvdyfor*) u aqmifGuf tcsuftvufSmazGpkaqmif;a&;
aumfrwDrS udkaxG;wdkY wifjyMuygonf/ wifjycsufpmwrf;udk wufa&mufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u vufcHaqG;aEG;
Muygonf/ ynma&;vGwv
f yfciG Ehf iS hf or*zUJG pnf;cGiu
hf kd tm;vH;k u vufcMH uayonf/ ausmif;aumifprD sm; rzGUJ pnf;&ef
ESifh zsufodrf;ay;&ef[laom tcsufudk udk,fpm;vS,ftcsKdUu wifjy&m A[dkaumfrwDESifh qEwlnDrI r&SdygaMumif;/
vlxkynma&;ESifh oufBuD;wuodkvfynma&;pmwrf;udk 11? 8? 58 &ufaeYwGif avmu"gwfcef;r (2)
aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ obmywdtjzpf AuotzGJUcsKyfrS trIaqmif udkpGefwdwfu aqmifGuf tcsuftvufSmazG
pkaqmif;a&;aumfrwDrS udkaX;atmifESifh udkodef;oef;xGef;wdkYu wifjyygaMumif;? udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (9) a,muf
wufa&mufaqG;aEG; 11? 8? 58 &ufaeY? nae (5) em&DwGif NyD;qHk;ygonf/ A[dkaumfrwD\ wifjycsufpmwrf;rsm;
ESifh ywfouf oabmxm; uGJvGJrIvHk;0rSdyg/ aqG;aEG;olrsm; vIdufvSJpGm axmufcHMuygonf/
10/
H ;kH qdik &f m ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf w
JG iG f A[djk yifqifa&;aumfrwDrS pmwrf;aygif; (13)
ck wifjyum aumfrSif (8) ckrS aqG;aEG;cJh&m a,bk,stm;jzifh A[dkaumfrwD\ wifjycsufpmwrf;udk vufcH udk,f
pm;vS,rf sm; oabmrwlno
D nfh tcsut
f vufrsm;So
d nfukd awGUS&d ygonf/ oabmrwlnrD rI sm;vnf; pmwrf;wckv;kH
tay:wGifr[kwfbJ tpdwftydkif;tvdkuf wifjycsufay:wGif rwlnDrIjzpfaMumif; xkwfjyefaMunmvdkufygonf/
11/
9? 8? 58 &ufaeYrS 13? 8? 58 &ufaeY? eHeufydkif;txd (5) &ufwdkifwdkif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhaom jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tultnDay;aom jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdik if t
H pd;k &? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H tpd;k &ynma&;XmeESihf Xmeqdik &f m t&mSrd sm;? e,frsm;Sd ausmif;tkyq
f &mBuD;
rsm;? &efukefwuodkvf 'k-t"dywdESifhwuG q&m? q&mrrsm;? tvkyform;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;wifSdygaMumif;? ESD;aESm
zvS,fyGJBuD;rS rSwfwrf;wifaMumif; xkwfjyefaMunmygonf/
ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrI atmif&rnf
1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (13) &uf (Ak'[l;aeh)

590
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ
wuotaqmuftOD
&efukefwuodkvf
(c) Edik if jH cm;c&D;pOfrsm;

1958 ck Mo*kwfvwGif *syefEdkifiH? [DdkSD;rmNrdKU EsL;uvD;,m;AHk;qefYusifa&;nDvmcHudk wufa&muf&ef
wuoOu| udpk ;kd ode;f tm; zdwMf um;cJah vonf/ udpk ;kd ode;f onf ausmif;om;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG
dS udak pmwmomuvm;
udk vTwfvdkuf&onf/
yDuif;NrKdU usif;yaom urmYausmif;om;rsm;or*tzGJU nDvmcHodkY Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf Ou| udkaZmf0if;
OD;aqmif wufa&mufcJhavonf/ &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*? rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*?
armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or* ponfwdkYonf urmYausmif;om;rsm;or*wGif tzGJU0ifr[kwfay? odkY
aomfvnf; urmhausmif;om;rsm;or*ESifh qufoG,frISdjcif; if;\vkyfief;pOfudk vufcHtaumiftxnf azmfcJhjcif;
ponfrsm;aMumifh avhvmoltjzpf wufa&mufciG &hf onf/ wuotzGUJ udk Ou| udpk ;kd ode;f u OD;aqmifvnf;aumif;?
rEav;wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*ukd udak pmvGiu
f OD;aqmifvnf;aumif; wufa&mufMuonf/ tmS? tmz&du?
vufwiftar&du? Oa&myEdik if aH ygif; (70) ausmfrS ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; wufa&mufMuonf/ jrefrmud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ rSm
OD;a&trsm;qHk; jzpfonf/ jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUonf OD;a&rsm;jcif;? wdk;wufaom EdkifiHa&;cH,lcsufSdolrsm; ygjcif;?
e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; ordkif;tpOftvm Sdjcif;wdkYaMumifh EdkifiHawmfawmfrsm;rsm;\ ta&;xm;cH&aom udk,fpm;vS,f
tzGUJ jzpfonf/ wkwjf ynfoYl orwEdik if H (10) ESpaf jrmuf vGwv
f yfa&;tcrf;tem;udv
k nf; wufa&mufco
hJ nf/ 0efBuD;
csKyf csLtifvikd ;f u vma&mufawGUqHEk w
I q
f ufonf/ xrif;pm;yGw
J iG f 'k-0efBuD;csKyfwOD;jzpfol rmS,[
f v
kd ;kH u EIwq
f uf
{nfch o
H nf/ Edik if t
H oD;oD;rS ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ acgif;aqmifrsm;udk armfpw
D ek ;f u vufcaH wGUqH&k m udak Zmf0if; wufa&muf
cJhonf/
xdktcsdefjrefrmEdkifiH OD;Eku AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; tdrfapmifhtpdk;&tm; tmPmvTJajymif;ay;vdkufonf/ tajc
taerSefudk odap&efESifh tzrf;cH&&ifvnf; tzrf;cH&ygapawmh oabmjzifh udkaZmf0if;udk jyefvTwfvdkufonf/
(tay:-0J) wuoOu| udpk ;kd ode;f u ausmif;om;txdr;f

trSwt
f vHtm; AD,uferforw [dck srD if;xH ay;tyfpOf
(tay:-,m) ulrif;[dw
k ,faSw
Y iG f EIwq
f ufaysmjf rL;MupOf
(atmuf) wuo Ou| udpk ;kd ode;f tm; twif;ucdik ;f &mwGif
591
(*) 1958-59 ck wuoa&G;aumufyJG

1958-59 ck ynmoifESpfwGif zqyvNydKuGJonfh*,ufjzifh wuotrIaqmifaG;aumufyGJwGif &Jacgif
wzGJUvHk; vIyfSm;Edkifjcif; rSdawmhyg/ wyfOD;om NydKifbufrSd taG;cH&onf/
1/ udkcifarmiftkef;
Ou|
2/ udkbaumif;
'k-Ou|
3/ udkcifatmif
4/ udkjrifhodef;
wGJbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifhjyefMum;Xme
5/ udkwifatmif
aiGxdef;
6/ udkzdk;omab;
upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rIXme
7/ rcifcifwdk;
8/ udkom'dk;
9/ udkndK0if;
10/ udkvSwif
tdk;a0wm0efcH
11/ udkodef;wef
yd#uwfrSL;
(C)
yrtBurd af jrmuf wuov

kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygi;f pHak qG;aEG;yGJ
1959 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (2 - 3) &uf

wuotaqmuftOD? &efukefwuodkvf
&efuek w
f uov
kd ?f rEav;wuov
kd ?f armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdy?f ykord Of ypmaumvdy?f &efuek f aq;odyrH [m
Xme? rEav;aq;odyrH [mXme? tif*sief ,
D mausmif;om;rsm;or*EiS hf wuov
kd af umvdyt
f oD;oD;rS vlrsK;d pktoif;rsm;?
ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;? o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rsm;? cdik t
f oif;rsm;? bmom&yfqikd &f mtoif;rsm;rS ud,
k pf m;vS,f
aygif; (96) OD;? avhvmol (35) OD; pkpkaygif; (131) OD;wdkYonf &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* taqmuftOD
wGif 1959 ck? Zefe0g&D (2-3) &ufaeYrsm;wGif cspfMunf&if;ESD;pGm awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhMuayonf/
,if; wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pHak qG;aEG;yGBJ uD;rSm wuov
kd Ef iS hf aumvdyt
f oD;oD;Sd vufcdS pH m;ae&aom
tajctae? pmwrf;rsm;udk qdkif&mwuodkvfaumvdyfESifh r[mXmeor*rsm;rS wifoGif;zwfMum;cJhMuayonf/ xdkwif
oGi;f pmwrf;rsm;? tajctaersm;ay:rlwnf ,aeY wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyrf sm;Sd ausmif;om;rsm;\ b0tajctaeay:
wGif vnf;aumif;? wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifh ywfoufaom trsKd;om;a&;qdkif&m jyemrsm;wGif vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHwum
tajctaersm;ay:wGif vnf;aumif; tav;teuf wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhMuum atmufygtwdkif; oabmwlnDcsufrsm;?
oabmxm;rsm;ESifh tMuHay;csufrsm;udk wnDwGwfwnf; jy|mef;vdkufygonf/
yrtBudrfajrmuf wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJrS atmufygtwdkif; oabmxm;rsm; xkwfjyef
vdkufonf/
(1) jrefrmEdkifiHSd wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;\ ausmif;om;b0a,bk,s tajctaersm;udk pkaygif;xkwf
jyef&ef jy|mef;onf/
(2) wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;\ pnf;urf;ESifhywfoufaom oabmw&yfudk xkwfjyefaMunm&efjy|mef;
onf/
(3) ,aeY ausmif;om;rsm;\ &ifqdkif&onfh tcuftcJjyemrsm;udk ausmfvTm;Edkifa&;twGuf ausmif;om;
aoG;pnf;nDGwfa&;twGuf vdktyfonfhtm;avsmfpGm ausmif;om;xknDGwfa&;twGuf yefMum;vTm
wapmif xkwfjyefjy|mef;cJhonf/
pkaygif;wdkufyGJ0ifMu&eftwGuf aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rSjy|mef;vdkufaom oabmwlnDcsufrsm;
1/ 1958 ck? Mo*kwfv (9) &ufaeYrS (12) &ufaeYtxd &efukefwuodkvf usif;yNyD;pD;cJhaom jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrS csrSwfcsufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfMu&efESifh wrsKd;
om;vHk;yg0ifaom ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJw&yf usif;ya&;?
592

2/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS ynma&;toHk;p&dwf wdk;jrifhoHk;pGJ&efESifh wuodkvfaxmufyHhaiG wdk;jrifhay;&ef?
3/ ausmif;rS xGufcGmoGm;aom ausmif;om;ôlrsm;twGuf tmrcHcsuf&Sda&;?
4/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;?
5/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS axmufyHhaMu; (stipend)?
6/ ausmif;om;or*rsm; vGwfvyfpGmzGJUpnf;cGifh &Sdap&efESifh or*zsufodrf;a&;trdefYudk kyfodrf;&ef?
7/ ausmif;om;or*rsm;u OD;aqmifvkyfudkifvsufSdaom oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif EdkifiHawmf
tpdk;&rS ulnDtm;ay;&ef?
8/ zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tjrefqHk;vTwfay;a&;?
9/ vlrsKd;pkrsm;aexdkif&mjynfe,frsm; Oypmaumvdyfrsm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef? vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ôlrsm; ynm
oifMum;a&;vG,u
f al p&ef tpd;k &rSppD Ofay;&efEiS hf tajctaersm; aumif;rGev
f ma&;twGuf zefw;D ay;&ef?
(Oyrm- c&D;oGm;vma&;ESifh axmufyHhaMu;rsm;)
10/ 1958 ck? pufwifbmvwGif yDuif;NrdKU usif;ycJhaom (5) Budrfajrmuf urmhausmif;om;uGef*&ufudk
axmufcHaMumif;/
wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifU oufqdkifaomta&;ESifU ywfouf atmufygtwdkif; xkwfjyefjy|mef;vdkufaMumif;
1/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf olremudk,fremNidrf;csrf;a&;rludk axmufcH ausmif;om;rsm;\ vlaerI?
pD;yGm;a&;IaxmifhrS oHk;oyfum yefMum;vTmwapmif xkwfjyef&ef?
2/ trsKd;om;vGwv
f yfa&;ESihf zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'udk xde;f odr;f umuG,Mf u&ef? yefMum;vTmwapmif
xkwfjyef&ef?
3/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;twGuf xkwfjyefaMunm&ef/
EdkifiHwuma&;&mrsm;ESifUywfouf oabmxm;rsm;ESifUoabmwlnDcsufrsm;
1/ tEkjrL EsL;uvD;,m;vufeufrsm; prf;oyfazmufcGJjcif;udk &yfpJa&;? vufeufavQmhaygha&;? ppfpmcsKyf
ppftkyfpkrsm; zsufodrf;a&;twGuf awmif;qdk&efESifh urmYNidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;umuG,fMu&ef?
2/ 1959 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (2) &ufaeYrS (8) &ufaeYtxd tD*spftm&yforwEdkifiH udkifkdNrdKUwGif usif;yonfh
tmS-tmz&duvli,fnDvmcHBuD;tm; axmufcHBudKqdkaMumif;/
aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rS atmufygtMuHay;csufrsm;udk jy|mef;vdkufaMumif;
1/ aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm; usif;ya&;twGuf tpOftvmw&yfjzpfap&ef xdef;odrf;Mu&ef? 195960 ckwGif ykodrfNrdKUwGif usif;ya&;twGuf 0dkif;0ef;BudK;yrf;Mu&ef?
2/ ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xdef;odef;jrifhwifa&;wdkYtwGuf wuodkvfESifh
aumvdyfrsm;yg0ifonfh ausmif;om;yGJawmfrsm; usif;ya&;? (1959-60 ckwGif rEav;NrdKU usif;ya&;
twGuf BudK;yrf;&ef)
3/ ausmif;om; oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifMu&ef?
4/ ausmif;om;vkyfief; owif;rsm;zvS,fa&;twGuf wuodkvfESifh aumvdyfaygif;pHk jyefMum;a&;AsLdkwck
zGJU tcsdefrD pmapmifxkwfa0&ef/
593
(i) cGx
J u
G cf iG Ehf iS hf Sr;f ausmif;om;rsm;aMunmcsuf
&efukefNrdKY ? Srf;jynfausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;toif;
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif;rS Srf;jynfcGJxGufEdkifcGifUESifUpyfvsOf;
&efukefNrdKY ? Srf;jynfausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;toif; trIaqmiftzGJY\
oabmxm;xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf
Srf;jynfoltaygif;wdkhcifAsm;jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH? zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' tcef; (10) yg yk'frrsm;t& vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf
(10) ESpfausmfvQif Srf;jynfonf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;rS cGJxGufvdku cGJxGufEdkifcGifh &Sdxm;ayonf/
odYk &Sx
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594

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595
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wuodkvfaumifpDwGif tMuHPfawmif;cHjcif;om jzpfygonf[k aemufqkwfcJhavonf/
wuodkvfaumifpDrSvnf; wOD;wnf; tmPmydkifpepfodkY a&mufSdaprnfh jyifqifcsufrsm;ESifh ynma&;
vGwfvyfcGifhudk xdyg;aprnfh jyifqifcsufrsm;udk jznfhpGufxkwfy,f tMuHPfay;jcif; jyKcJhayonf/
xdkodkY ausmif;om;xku jyKvkyfcJhaomfvnf; azazmf0g&D (8) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom jynfolYvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;yGw
J iG f &efuek w
f uov
kd f tufOya'jyifqifcsuf rlMurf;wifoiG ;f &ef txl;trdeYfjyefwrf; xGuaf y:vmonf/
if;wGif wuov
kd af umifprD S wuoud,
k pf m;vS,f (2) OD;udk xkwyf pf&ef jyifqifcsuf ygvmonf/ onfrmS
tdrfapmifhtpdk;&\ rdk;om;aom tjyKtrljzpfonf/ wuodkvfaumifpDwGif wifjypOfu rygSdcJhaomtcsufrsm;udk
,ckrSwifoGif;jcif;onf wuodkvfaumifpDudk vSnfhjzm;apmfum;vdkufjcif; jzpfavonf/ tpdk;&tzGJU\ *kPfodumudk
xdcdkufapaom vdrfvnfrIBuD;w&yf jzpfayonf/
wuodkvfaumifpDwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk jzKwfypf ausmif;om;rsm;u rJjzifha&G;aumuf&rnfh
udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk tpm;xdk;jcif;onf1/
wuoonf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u w&m;0ifwifajrmufxm;onfh tzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf[laom tcsuf
udky,fcsum ausmif;om;xktm;vHk;\ udk,fpm;vS,fr[kwf[laom oabmxm;oufa&mufjcif;? wenf;qdkaomf
&mZ0if tpOftqufSdcJhaom wuo\tcef;u@udk ESdrfhcsapmfum;jcif; jzpfonf/
2/
wuo\tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ,ckuJhodkYxdyg;um or*tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ydwfyif&ef MuHG,fjcif;jzpfonf/
xdkrQruao; ausmif;om;wdkif; or*0ifjzpf&rnf[laom tcsufudk zsufodrf;um or*zGJUpnf;cGifhudk yifydwfyif&eft
wGuf pwifjyifqifvmaom ajcvSrf; jzpfonf/
3/
wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk jzKwfcsNyD;aemuf ausmif;om;rsm;u 'D*&D&NyD; (11) ESpf oufwrf;Sdaom
tjyiftyrS yk*dK vf (2) OD;tm; rJjzifh aG;aumuf&rnf qdkjcif;onf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ w&m;0ifoabmxm;udk
wuov
kd af umifpw
D iG f wifjyjcif;rjyKEdik &f ef pDpOfjcif;vnf; jzpfonf/ tjyiftyrS wuov
kd w
f iG f 0ifa&muf taG;cH&jcif;
onf wuodkvfe,fajrudk jyifyEdkifiHa&;tzGJUrsm; ,SOfNydKifp&m ppfwvif;tjzpfodkY a&mufSdoGm;&ef um,uHajrmuf
jyKusifhvdkufjcif;yif jzpfonf/
odkY jyKvkyfonfhtjyif q&mrsm;? XmerSL;rsm; cefYxm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufvnf; ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhudk
0ifa&muf pGufzufvmonf/
xdo
k Ykd ausmif;om;rsm; vIyf mS ;rIrsm; jzpfay:vmaomtcgwGif ppfum;rsm; wuo0if;xJoYkd aSU0ifaygufrsm;
u 0ifvmum ppfom;rsm; ckefqif;vmNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;tm; 0ifa&muf zrf;qD;Muavonf/ udkaZmf0if;? udkpdk;odef;?
udkbaumif;? udkcifarmiftkef;wdkh xGufajy;Muavonf/
597
OD;cifarmiftek ;f
(1958-59)
&efuek Nf rKdUwGif arG;zGm;cJo

h nf/ wuov
kd 0f ifpmar;yGu
J kd a&eHacsmif;NrKdUrS 1951 ckEpS w
f iG f atmifjrifc
hJ wuov
kd f
ynm&yfrsm;udk qufvufoifMum;onf/
1954-55 ckEpS f wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ wGif td;k a0r*Zif;t,f'w
D mtjzpf aqmifu
G cf o
hJ nf/ 1957-58 ckwiG f
wuotrIaqmifwOD;tjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cH& twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif; cH&onf/
1958-59 ckwiG f wuoOu|jzpfonf/
1958 ckwiG f zqyvESpjf crf;uGNJ yD; Edik if aH &;ajymif;vJrrI sm;jzpfc\
hJ / xdpk Ofu Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf jzpfol OD;Eku
tpdk;&tmPmudk AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;tpdk;&tm; vTJajymif;ay;cJh\/ tmPmvTJajymif;ay;jcif;ESifh ywfouf
ausmif;om;rsm;u uefYuGufqEjycJhonf/
wuov
kd t
f if*sief ,
D mr[mXme ausmif;om;rsm; qEjyoydwaf rSmufco
hJ nf/ tif*sief ,
D mr[mXmerSL; aTUajymif;
ay;&\/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; tpdk;&vufxufwGif wuodkvftufOya' jyifqifcsufjyKvkyfonf/ tufOya'
jyifqifcsuft& wuov
kd af umifpw
D iG f yg0ifaom wuo ud,
k pf m;vS,Ef pS Of ;D tm; xkwyf pfjcif;? ausmif;om;
a&;rSL;rsm; cefYxm;jcif; jyKvyk cf \
hJ / ausmif;pnf;urf;ESihf ywfoufvnf;aumif;? wuov
kd t
f ufOya' jyifqif
csuftwGufvnf;aumif; ausmif;om;rsm;qEjyjcif; jyKcJhMuonf/
wuov
kd w
f iG f ygarmucsKyf a'gufwmxifatmif Ekwx
f u
G o
f mG ;ojzif?h ygarmucsKyf a'gufwmvSjrift
h m; cefYxm;
onf/ tcuftcJrsm;Mum;rS pwkwtBudrfajrmuf wuodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;udk usif;yEdkifcJhonf/
1959 ck? {NyDv (3) &ufaeYwiG f Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;tpd;k &u wuotaqmuftODukd 0dik ;f um ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif
rsm;udk zrf;qD;onf/ Ou| udkcifarmiftkef;? trIaqmif udkzdk;omab;wdkY tzrf;cH&NyD;? 'k-Ou| udkbaumif;
ESihf twGi;f a&;rSL; udck ifatmifwYkd wdr;f aSmifaecJ&h onf/ wuo twGi;f a&;rSL;a[mif; udak tmifbef;? trIaqmif
a[mif; udkjrifhOD;wdkYvnf; tzrf;cHcJh&\/ udkcifarmiftkef;? udkzdk;omab;wdkYtm; EdkifiHtusOf;om;rsm;ESifhtwl
udu
k ;kd uRef;odYk ydYk aqmifjcif;cH&onf/
udck ifarmiftek ;f onf wuov
kd w
f iG f ynmqufvufqnf;yl;qJ jzpfonf/ (6) Budraf jrmuf ArmEdik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m
ausmif;om;rsm;or*tzGUJ csKyn
f v
D mcHrS Ou|tjzpf aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH& ,ckwm0ef,l vkyaf qmifvsuf
Sdonf/ (tdk;a0) 1962 rwfv (2) &uf tmPmodrf;rIESifh ywfoufonfh xkwfjyefrIaMumifh Ou|tjzpfrS
z,f&mS ;cH&onf/ OD;cif armiftek ;f onf rd;k [de;f uk?d cifarmiftek ;f ponft
h rnfrsm;jzifh Edik if w
H umta&;tcif;rsm;ESihf
ywfouf EG,feDr*Zif;? rdk;*sme,fwdkYwGif a&;om;cJhonf/ 2006 ckESpf? arv (5) &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrKdUwGif
uG,v
f eG o
f nf/
598
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* trIaqmiftzGUJ (1958-1959)
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG
(1958 ck? Mo*kwf 9 &ufrS 13 &uf)
armfvNrKid Of ypmaumvdyaf usmif;om;or*

Ou| udak usmt
f ek ;f tzGit
Uf rSmpum;
ajymMum;aepOf
oD;jcm;u@tvdu
k f ae&mcJ
G aqG;aEG;Muonf
599
1958 ck? Mo*kwv

f (9) &ufaehrS (13) &ufaehwikd f &efuek w
f uov
kd f bGEYJ iS ;f boifcef;raqmifwiG f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f m
ausmif;om;rsm; ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG u;D usi;f yjyKvyk pf Ofu pkpak ygi;f ud,
k pf m;vS,f (789) a,muf wufa&mufco
UJ nf
(0J) ES;D aESmzvS,yf u

JG si;f y&modhk vmMupOf? (,m) rGe;f vGJ (1) em&DrS (2) em&D acw&yfem;csed w
f iG f
(0J) vlrsK;d pku,

kd pf m;vS,rf sm; pHv
k ifpmG jzif?h (,m) ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG Ny;D qH;k rnfn
U wGif ud,
k pf m;vS,af wmfrsm;tm; uyGrJ sm;jzifU *kPjf yK{nfcU MH uavonf
atmifjrifpmG usi;f yNy;D qH;k aemuf? bGEYJ iS ;f obifcef;rrS wuotaqmuftODohkd csw
D ufvmMupOf
600
601
wkwjf ynfoo
Yl rwEkid if ?H ,leefjynfe,fomG ;
&efuek w
f uov
kd f ausmif;om;cspMf unfa&; rdwq
f uftzG0YJ ifrsm;ESiUf
wkwt
f rsK;d om;? trsK;d oD; rsm;
ulrif;a[mfw,faY w
S iG f ku
d u
f ;l xm;pOf
tcef; (22)
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY
trsK;d om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f
(1959 rS 1960)
(u) 1959-60 wuoaG;aumufyJG

1958 tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vufxufwGif ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&rsm;rSm rsm;pGmjyem wufcJhavonf/
1958-59 wuoOu|opf usr;f opmused q
f ykd JG zqyvu Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;ae0if;tpd;k &tm; tmPmvTaJ jymif;ay;cJjh cif;udk
wuoonf oabmxm;rsm;xkwfjyefaMunm uefYuGufcJhavonf/ tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;oydwfta&;udk
OD;aqmifraI y;cJ\
h / ausmif;pnf;urf;udt
k aMumif;jyK tE&m,fay;vmrnft
h csuu
f kd uefYuu
G cf o
hJ nf/ 1958 wuov
kd f
Oya'jyifqifcsuftwGuf xdcu
kd cf sufrsm;udk azmfxw
k w
f ifjycJo
h nf/ ausmif;ydwcf geD;wGif ]or*Ou| udck ifarmiftek ;f ?
trIaqmif udzk ;kd omab;wdt
hk m; zrf;qD; udu
k ;kd uRe;f odyhk o
hkd nf? or*'-k Ou| udb
k aumif;ESiUf twGi;f a&;rSL; udck ifatmifwhkd
wdrf;aSmifae&onf/} 1958 wuodkvftufOya'jyifqifcsuft& wuo udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD;tm;
jzKwfypfco
hJ nf/ or*u,
kd pf m;vS,yf gaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDuv
kd nf; zsuo
f rd ;f cJ\
h / 1954-55 ckrpS aumufcH
ay;cJhaom or*0ifaMu;udk ausmif;om;wdkif;xHrS aumufray;? tcGifhta&;[lorQ kyfodrf;oGm;cJhonf/ or*udk
tzufzufrSNzdKzsuf&ef vHk;yef;cJhMuonf/ or*rsm; rNydKysuf? ausmif;om;tiftm; ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rIjzifh &yfwnf
vsuf Scd o
hJ nf/? ausmif;aqmifae&mcsxm;a&;rlukd qefYusifuefYuu
G af om rD;wkwu
f ikd q
f EjyyG?J rD;rSw
d q
f EjyyGrJ sm;jzifh
zdESdyfrIBuD; rem;onfhMum;u vIyfSm;aecJhonf/
1958-59 ckESpf or* tvkyftpnf;ta0;tm; wuotwGuf rSwfwdkifw&yf jzpfapcJhonf/ or*Ou|
udkudk;uRef; a&mufaeonf? or*'k-Ou| aSmifwdrf;ae&onf? odkYaomf or*tvkyftpnf;ta0;udkum; tcuftcJ
Mum;rS usif;yEdik cf o
hJ nf/ wuoaG;aumufyt
JG wGuf aG;aumufyt
JG &mScd efYum jyifqifEikd cf jhJ cif;? or*ukd qufvuf
&yfwnfEikd af pcJo
h nf/ or* yxrESpyf wfvnfaG;aumufyu
JG kd taESmift
h ,Suaf y;ao;\/ ausmif;om;wdYk tm; ausmif;
xkwx
f m;jcif;udk y,fzsuEf ikd cf o
hJ nf/ or*Ou|opf usr;f opmused q
f ykd u
JG kd xdpk Ofu tmPmrJjh zpfaom oefYiS ;f zqyv
Ou| OD;Eku jyKvkyfay;cJhonf/
or*Ou|opf usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJNyD;aemuf or*trIaqmiftzGJUtm; rD;wkwfudkif qEjycJhonfhtwGuf
602

awmif;yef&rnf[k qufvuftusyfudkifvmonf/ or*trIaqmiftzGJUonf tcsdefumvtajctaersm;udk MunfhI
avhvmonf/ or*wnfwHh&yfwnfEdkifa&;udk tav;teufxm;Muonf/ or*trIaqmiftzGJUu awGUqHkaqG;aEG;ajz
Sif;&ef qHk;jzwfrI jyKcJh&avonf/ 1960 ck vTwfawmfaG;aumufyGJ usif;y OD;Ek acgif;aqmifaom jynfaxmifpk
ygwD tpd;k &tzGUJ jzpfvmonf/ wuov
kd f t"dywd Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfu vdu
k af vsmrIay;ojzifh ausmif;om; awmif;qdk
csufta&; ajyat;cJhonf/ zrf;qD;um udkudk;uRef;ydkYcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; vGwfcJh&onf/ aSmifwdrf;aeaom
ausmif;om;rsm;onfvnf; w&m;0if&yfwnfcGifh &SdcJhMuayawmhonf/
1959-60 wuotrIaqmifrsm;rSm
udkvSwif
udkpdef0if;
udkAaqGav;
udkndK0if;
udkjroef;
udkausmfvIdif
udkudkMunf
udkatmif0if;
rcifcifapm
udkatmifodrf;Edkif
Ou|
'k-Ou|
aiGxdef;
wGJbuf-taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh jyefMum;a&;XmerSL;
ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;
tdk;a0wm0efcH
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
(c) td;k a0r*Zif;rS ay;tyfaom0efccH surf sm;

1959 ckESpf yHkESdyfxkwfa0olrsm; (rSwfyHkwif) tufOya' yk'fr 7 (1) t& ay;tyfaom 0efcHcsufrsm;
atmufwGifvufrSwfa&;xdk;ol uRefawmf ------------- onf 1959 ckESpf? yHkEdSyfolrsm;ESifh xkwfa0ol
rsm; (rSwyf w
kH if) tufOya'\ 'kw,
d Z,m;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh atmufyg0efccH surf sm;ESit
hf nD wm0ef,al qmifu
G &f ef
uwd0efcHcsufjyKygonf/
(u)
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'wGifygSdaom rlvtcGifhta&;rsm;udk ysufjym;ap&ef
MuHG,faom? odkYwnf;r[kwf ysufjym;rnfhtaMumif; jzpfay:apaom rnfonfh tMuHay;rI? wdkufwGef;rI? vIHUaqmfrI?
tm;ay;rI? odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYrIrsKd;udkrqdk rnfonfhtcgrQ rjyKvkyfyg/
(c)
bmoma&;qdik &f m ud;k uG,rf u
I akd omfvnf;aumif;? ,HMk unfru
I akd omfvnf;aumif; rnfonht
f cgrQ rykwcf wf?
odkYwnf;r[kwf rIwfcsyg/
(*)
EdkifiHa&;tmPmudk vufeufjzifhodrf;,l&ef rnfonfhaSUIcsuf? odkYwnf;r[kwf usifhoHk;csufrsKd;udkrqdk
rnfonfhtcgrQ axmufcHjcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;? vIHUaqmfjcif;? tm;ay;jcif;? odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsday;jcif; rjyKyg/
(C)
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif rnfodkYaomEdkifiHa&; tmPmSifpepfrsKd;udkrqdk aSUI&ef? wnfaxmif&ef
odkwnf;r[kwf usifhoHk;&ef? rnfonfhtcgrQ axmufcHjcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;? odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsday;jcif; rjyKyg/
(i)
twdkuftcH EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; xm;SdcGifhjyKaom ygvDref'Drdkua&pDpepfudk ysufjym;ap&ef MuHG,f
aom? odkYwnf;r[kwf ysufjym;rnfhtaMumif; jzpfay:apaom rnfonfhtMuHay;rI? wdkufwGef;rI? vIHUaqmfrI? tm;ay;rI?
odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsdrIrsKd;udkrqdk rnfonfhtcgrQ rjyKyg/
(p)
vQKdU0Suf&JtzGJU (Secret Police) zGJUpnf; pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfonfhpepfrsKd; wnfaxmifjcif;udkaomfvnf; aumif;?
wnfaxmif&ef BudK;yrf;tm;xkwjf cif;udak omfvnf;aumif; rnfonft
h cgrQ tMuHay;jcif;? vIUH aqmfjcif;? wdu
k w
f eG ;f jcif;?
axmufcHjcif;? tm;ay;jcif; odkUwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsday;jcif; rjyKyg/
(q)
tjcm;EdkifiHwckckrS jzpfap? EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;xHrS jzpfap? &efykHaiGtwGuf aiGaMu;? odkYwnf;r[kwf ypnf;
tultnD taxmuftyHu
h kd rSwyf w
kH iftmPmydik \
f BudKwifoabmwlciG jhf yKcsufr&bJ wdu
k f u
kd jf zpfap? oG,0f u
kd jf zpfap
rnfonfhtcgrQvufcHjcif; rjyKyg/
(Z)
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'\rlrsm;udk qefYusifaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;
rsm;udk rnfonfhtcgrQ axmufcHjcif;? tm;ay;jcif;? odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsday;jcif;rjyKyg/
rSwfcsuf- tdk;a0r*Zif;rS ay;tyfaom0efcHcsuf rl&if;udk pmrsufESm (637) wGifMunfhyg/
603
txufyg0efcHcsufrsm;twdkif; xm0pOfvdkufem&ef wm0ef,lygonf/
tdk;a0wm0efcH
wuotaqmuftOD? &efukefwuodkvf
(rSwfcsuf- 1959-60? twJG (1)? trSwf (10)? tdk;a0r*Zif;rS 0efcHcsufudk jyefvnfwdkufqdkif ul;,lazmfjyonf/)
(*)
rGejf ynfe,fazmfxw
k af &;twGuf &efuek w
f uov
kd rf eG af usmif;om;rsm; oabmxm;
,aeY rGew
f rsK;d om;vH;k \ pdwq
f Ejyif;jyaeMuonfh jyemrsm;? rGejf ynfe,fazmfxw
k af &; (0g) rGejf ynfe,f
&,la&; jyemyifjzpfonf/ jynfe,fazmfxkwfa&;onf jynfaxmifpktwGif;Sd rsm;jym;aomwm0eftcsKdUudk cGJa0
ulnDxrf;aqmifjcif;? kdif;yif;jcif;? 0dkif;0ef;aqmifGufjcif; ponfh oabmrsm;yif jzpfavonf/ jynfe,fwck
ay;vdkufjcif;tm;jzifh jynfaxmifpk\ tiftm;NydKuGJjcif;? pnf;vHk;nDGwfrI ysufjym;jcif; ponfrsm;udk zefwD;
ay;Edkifonfh oabmw&m;rsm; ay:aygufrIrSdaMumif;udkvnf; Srf;? csif;? ucsif? u&if? u,m;ponfh jynf
e,frsm;udk azmfxw
k af y;xm;onfuyifvQif cdik rf maomom"uw&yftaejzifh wnfadS eonfomru jynfaxmifpk
pdwf"gwf ydkrdkcdkifjrJwdk;wufonfh tvm;tvmrsm; SdaeaMumif;udkvnf; txiftSm; awGUjrifEdkifayonf/
rGefwrsKd;om;vHk;\ qEjzpfaom rGefjynfe,f&,la&; (0g) azmfxkwfa&;udk yxptzGJU Ou|BuD;jzpfaom
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605
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606

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rSm pmwrf;wifxm;apzdkYeJY pHkprf;rIaumfrwDrSm qufvufaqG;aEG;zdkY tpDtpOfrsm;txd jzpfcJhygw,f/ 'gayrJh 1959
ckESpfrS 1960 ckESpfwdkifatmif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tm; ygvDref'Drdkua&pDudkyif qefYusifNyD; aG;aumufyGJrvkyfbJ tmPm
vTJajymif;ay;vdkuf&wmeJYtwl wdkif;jynfeJYwuG ynma&;avmurSm rdk;arSmifuscJh&w,f? ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawG
tzrf;cH&? udkudk;uRef;tydkYcH&? 0&rf;xkwfcH&wJh zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIaygif;pHk &ifqdkifcJh&wm tm;vkH;odNyD;ygyJ/ 1960 ck
azazmf0g&DvxJrSm ausmif;om;awG rdbjynfolawG&JU pnf;Hk;rItiftm;eJY qEaMumifh ygvDref'Drdkua&pD vrf;yGifhNyD;
yxptpdk;&jyefwufvmwJhtcgrSm usaemfwdkY&JU 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;tcsKdUudk jyefvnf&SdcJhw,f/ ausmif;om;acgif;
aqmifawG vGwfvyfpGm vIyfSm;aeEdkifcJhw,f/ ausmif;om;or*awG jyefvnfzGJUpnf;EdkifcJhw,f/ cktzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHudk
ac:qdkaeEdkifjcif;vnf; jzpfw,f/
Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf[m e,fcsUJ NAdwo
d Qtpd;k &acwf Auoacgif;aqmifrI tquftEG,jf zpfNyD; ausmif;om;xk&UJ
udk,fpm;jyK&m ausmif;om;xkydkif tzGJUtpnf;w&yftaeeJY acgif;aqmifrIudk qufvufay;aewm jzpfw,fvdkY em;vnf
oabmaygufMu&ef jzpfw,f/
ynma&;oabmxm;eJY tzGUJ csKyftaetxm;wdYkukd wifjyNyD;wJah emuf nDvmcHac:qd&k wJt
h aMumif;udk ajymMum;
yg&ap/
1956 ck atmufwb
kd mvrSm yrtBudraf jrmufnv
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k f
607
pm;vS,af wmfrsm;? avhvmolrsm; yg0ifcyhJ gw,f/ zqyvtpd;k &&JU or*zsuford ;f a&;trdeYf ukd uefYuu
G &f if; or*rsm;
wnfwchH ikd jf rJa&;eJY ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf trsKd;om;a&;aqG;aEG;yGBJ uD; jzpfajrmufa&;? Nidr;f csrf;pGm ynmoif
Mum;Edkifa&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk nDvmcHBuD;rSm csrSwfEdkifcJhygw,f/ azmfjywJh ynma&;wm0ef&yfrsm;udk acgif;aqmifNyD;
taumiftxnfazmfzdkY twGuf uRefawmfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJUudk vTJtyfcJhygw,f/
nDvmcHNyD;wJah emufyikd ;f rSm cufcw
J chJ sKyfcs,frrI sm;wJh vrf;c&D;udk jzwfoef;&jcif;jzpfvYkd ESppf Ofnv
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rSm jzpfayrJh rusif;yEdkifcJhygbl;/ 1957 ckESpf rEav;rSm yxrOD;pD;nDvmcHeJY 1958 ckESpf &efukefwuodkvfrSm
'kwd,wdk;csJU OD;pD;nDvmcH xyfac:EdkifcJhw,f/ vkyfief;awGtay:rSm ppfaq;wm? a0zefwm? aSUvkyfief;pOfawG twGuf
jyifqifwmawGudk vkyfEdkifcJhNyD; 'DaeYnDvmcHuGef*&uf ac:qdkEdkifwmjzpfygw,f/
1957 ck zqyvtpdk;&? 1958 ck zqyvtuGJ oefYSif;tpdk;&? 1959 ck AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tpdk;&? 1960
ckESpf yxp oefYSif;zqyvtpdk;&qdkwJh EdkifiHtkyfcsKyfa&; ajymif;vJrItrsKd;rsKd;rSm tzGJUcsKyfwm0efrsm;udk xdef;odrf;vkyf
aqmifcJhwmrdkY or*rsm;&JU tqifhtaetxm;& trsKd;rsKd;ajymif;vJcJh&ygw,f/
or*wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&; wdkufyGJwavQmuf 1957 ckESpftwGif;rSm ausmif;olâusmif;om;aygif; (20) ausmf
tzrf;cH&NyD;? ausmif;olâusmif;om;aygif; (300) eD;yg; ausmif;xkwfcHcJh&wJhxd &Jabmfrsm;[m wm0efudkraSmifbJ
vkyfaqmifMucJhygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYeJY jynfolawG nDGwfvmwJhtcg? oabmxm;awmif;qdkrIawG rSefuefwJhtcg
vIyfSm;rItSdefMoZmaMumifh 1958 ckESpf oefYSif;zqyvtkyfcsKyfa&;rSm tzrf;cH&olawG jyefvTwfay;cJh&w,f/ ausmif;
xkwfxm;olawG ausmif;jyefoGif;ay;cJh&w,f/ Ncdrf;ajcmufrIawG kwfodrf;ay;vm&w,f/
&mZ0ifrmS rMuHKbl;ao;wJh 1958 ckEpS f Mo*kwv
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w&m;0if&yfwnfciG ?hf or**P
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tzGJUcsKyf uGef*&ufrS jyefra&mufrD EdkifiHa&;tajctaeajymif;vJNyD; ppftpdk;& wufvmcJhygw,f/ wygwnf; ynma&;
avmurSm ppfrkefwdkif;awG xefcJhw,f/ EdkifiHeJYt0Srf; usD;vefYpmpm; ocFsKdif;wpjyifvdk jzpfae&pOfrSm usefae&pfcJhwJh
trIaqmifrsm;[m or*wm0ef&yfawGudk qufvufacgif;aqmifcJh&ygw,f/ or*qdkwmudk tpwkef;ZD0defcsKyfatmif
vkyfcJhwJh tE&m,fudk [efYwm;EdkifcJhwJh BuD;rm;aomwm0efudk ,lEdkifcJhygw,f/ txl;ojzifh wuodkvf? aumvdyfor*
awGrSm aG;aumufyGJawG jzpfajrmufcJhw,f/ or*vIyfSm;rIawG vkyfaqmifcJhwm[m or*&JUacgif;aqmifrI tquf
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ao;ygbl;/ pyful;ryful;umvrSm rwnfrNidrfjzpfae&wJh 'Dynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;pcef;rSm or*awGomrSd&if
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0g' (ay:vpD)? ynma&;pepf? ynma&;vkyif ef;eJYywfoufNyD; aqG;aEG;ES;D aESmcsufawG &,lxm;NyD;ygNyD/ ausmif;om;rsm;
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ&JU atmifjrifcsufawG &Sdxm;ygNyD/ 'Dxuf ydkrdkus,fjyefYwJh wrsKd;om;vHk;udk,fpm;jyK aqG;aEG;rJh
ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rSm wifjyppfaq;cHNyD; or*rsm;&JU wm0efcef;taeeJY ,laqmif&ef tqifoifhjzpfaeygw,f/
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oabmudk jynfolausmif;om;awGrSm csjy? aqG;aEG;jyNyD; tMuHPfaumif;awG ,loifhw,fvdkY wifjycsifygw,f/
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608

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qdkwm tpdk;&taeeJY oabmaygufzdkYvdkygw,f/
aSUrSm trsKd;om;ynma&;udk EdkifiHawmftusKd; wu,fjyKEdkifa&;twGuf trsm;BuD;vufawGUvkyfjzpfr,fh
tajctaersKd;a&mufatmif uRefawmfwdkYwawG trsm;BuD;yJ BudK;pm;&vdrfhOD;rnfqdkwm owday;vdkufygw,f/
udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;cifAsm;trIaqmiftzGJU (4) ESpfoufwrf;rSm 'DaeYwrsKd;om;vHk;ta&;jzpfwJh jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;wm0efrsm;udkvnf;
uRefawmfwdkYwawG twwfEdkifqHk; yg0ifcJhygw,f/ or*vIyfSm;rIBuD;rsm;rSm jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; oabmxm;awGudk
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tESpf (40) jynfwGif;ppf jzpfpupNyD; Nidrf;csrf;rI&a&;twGuf a<u;aMumfcJhygw,f/ ausmif;om;wdkif;pmoifEdkifa&;?
ausmif;wdkif;zGifhEdkifa&;? ynmSifaumif;rsm; ay:aygufa&;? jrefrmhvlUtzGJUtpnf;eJY jrefrmEdkifiHtm; tvkyftauR;jyKa&;
twGuf trsKd;om;tiftm;pkaumif;rsm; ay:aygufvma&;udk uRefawmfwYkd vv
kd m;ygw,f/ 'DtwGuf tmrcHcsufay;Edik zf Ykd
jynfwGif;ppf &yfEdkifrSjzpfr,f/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk ausmif;om;b0cHpm;csufrsm;t& tifrwefvdkvm;Muw,f/
'gaMumifh Nidr;f csr;f a&;vIyf mS ;rIawGrmS yg0ifcw
hJ ,f/ q&mBuD;rIid ;f &JUMo0g'udck ,
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hf if;pGm nD&if;tpfuw
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tzGJUcsKyfBuD;jzpfvma&; &nfrSef;csuftwGuf 'DnDvmcHrSm cdkifjrJwJhtkwfjrpfukd cscJhMuygvdkY rSmMum;yg&ap/
&Jabmfor*rsm;udkvnf; wm0efBuD; (3) &yf ay;vdkufcsifwmuawmU1/ ausmif;om;b0udk rSefuefpGmusifhoHk;Edkif&ef?
2/ or*wm0ef? ausmif;om;tusKd;jyK vkyfief;rsm;udk pGrf;pGrf;wrH vkyfaqmifMu&ef?
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uRefawmfUoufwrf;rSm awGY MuHKcJU&wJU oifcef;pmtaeeJh1/ ausmif;om;obm0? ausmif;om;[efeJY rudkufnDwJh or*todkif;t0dkif;rS ausmfvGefvkyfcJhrdjcif;rsm;?
2/ ausmif;om;epfemcsuf? ausmif;om;wdkufyGJvkyfief;rsm;rSm wm0efausyGefcJhoavmuf jyKjyifa&;vkyfief;?
pmay? upm;ckefpm;? ,Ofaus;rIvkyfief;rsm;rSm tav;teuf xdef;odrf;TefMum; ray;cJhjcif;rsm; jzpfyg
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trSefwu,f qufpyfEdkif&efpwJh taxGaxGaom or*pnf;Hk;a&; oabmxm;rsm;udk ay;cJhcsifygw,f/
twdwfumv nDGwfrIaMumifh&cJhaom atmifyGJrsm;udk om"ujyKNyD; tem*wfumv atmifyGJrsm;twGuf
tpGr;f ukef jyifqifMu&ef? tiftm;opf arG;Mu&efeYJ rdbjynforl sm;uvnf; om;orD;awGta&;rSm tmHpk u
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- Nidrf;csrf;a&; atmifjrifygap
609
xdkYaemuf trIaqmiftzGJU\ tpD&ifcHpmudk taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkvSjrifhu wifoGif;cJhonf/
if;tpD&ifcHpm tESpfcsKyfrSmzqyv[m or*udkzsufodrf;a&;twGuf trdefYxkwfNyD;aemuf Auorsm; wnfwHha&;twGuf yrtBudrf
ajrmufnDvmcHudk atmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifcJhw,f/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;eJY trsKd;om;a&;wm0efudk xrf;aqmifcJhw,f/ 1956
rS 1960 av;ESpftwGif; zqyvESpfjcrf;uJGpOf 'Drdkua&pDqefYusifa&;? tjyKwfwdkufa&;? e,fcsJUvufyg;apudk 0dkif;y,f
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usifa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfudkifvmcJhw,f/ ausmif;om;awG tzdESdyfhcHcJh&w,f/ ausmif;xkwf? 0&rf;ajy;&jcif;[m txG#f
txdyfa&mufcJhw,f/ olykefeJY aqGrsKd;awmfpyfw,fqdkNyD; vlrr,fausmif;om;rsm;udk e,fESifawmxkwfyGJBuD; usif;ycJh
w,f/
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&ef a<u;aMumfcJhonf/ xdkodkYBudK;yrf;rIaMumifh 1958 ck Mo*kwfv (9) &ufaeUrSm jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk atmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifcJhw,f/
ynma&;toHk;p&dwf wdk;jrifhoHk;pGJa&;ESifhywfouf rsm;jym;aom ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifhtnD ynma&;toHk;
p&dwf wdk;jrifh&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/ 1958-1959 ck &efukef xD;wef;OypmaumvdyftwGuf toHk;p&dwfrSm (42000)
jzpf&m ppfom; (10) OD;rQygaom wyfpdwfwpdwf toHk;p&dwfrQyifjzpfaMumif; axmufjycJhonf/ toHk;p&dwf enf;yg;rI
aMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; usef;rma&;? tawG;tac:&ifhoefrIESifh MuHcdkifwDxGifMuHqEdkifrIwdkY csKdU,Gif;&onfh'Pfudk
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'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;twGuf 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyGJrsm; wcJeufnDGwfpGm wdkufyGJ0ifcJhonf/ xdktcg or*udk
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ESit
hf wl cHpm;cJ&h onf/ jynfwiG ;f ppfukd taMumif;jyK zdEydS rf 'I PfccH &hJ onf/ jynfwiG ;f ppfaMumifh ppfp&dwf ydrk o
kd ;kH pGv
J mum
ynma&;toH;k p&dw\
f (4) qausmf jzpfco
hJ nf/ jynfwiG ;f Nidr;f csrf;a&; (8) OD;aumfrwD\ olremud,
k rf em Nidr;f csrf;a&;
vrf;pOfudk axmufcHcJhonf/ ausmif;om;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;twGuf tvm;tvmrSdonfh wnfjrJzqyvudk
qefYusif Nidrf;csrf;a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&; tvm;tvmSdonfh oefYSif;zqyvudk axmufcHcJhonf/
EdkifiHwumvIyfSm;rIESifh yl;aygif;aqmifGufrItwGuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrSm urmUausmif;om;or*tzGJUcsKyf
(I.U.S) ESihf urmY'r
Du
kd a&pDvil ,frsm;tzGUJ csKyf (W.F.D.Y) wdYk\ tzGUJ 0ifjzpfonf/ or*zUJG pnf;cGiyhf w
d yf ifrI trdeYfxw
k f
jcif;udk wjynfv;kH uefuu
G q
f Ejywdu
k yf 0JG ifaejcif;udk urmYausmif;om;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rSwqifh wifjycJah yonf/ urmY
ausmif;om;or*rsm;u axmufcHtm;ay;rIrsm; rw&m;Oya'kyfodrf;&ef jrefrmtpdk;&tm; awmif;qdkuefYuGufpmydkY
ulncD o
hJ nf/ 1957 ck urmUausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,f ud[
k mrm (*syef) jrefrmjynfoYkd a&mufvmNyD;? *smref'rD u
kd &ufwpf
ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,f rpwmzd*k ,fvf a&mufvmjcif;? pnf;a0;yGrJ sm; aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm; jyKvkycf o
hJ nf/ zqyvruGrJ u
D
urmYausmif;om;yGJawmfrsm;twGuf EdkifiHul;vufrSwfrsm; rxkwfay;cJhyg/ 1958 ck aEG&moDwGif wkwf-Armtpdk;&
cspMf unfrt
I & wuoOD;aqmifum ud,
k pf m;vS,f (50) ausmt
f zGUJ onf wkwjf ynfomG ;um ESpjf ynfaxmif ausmif;om;
vli,fwdkY\ cspfMunfa&; tkwfjrpfcsEdkifcJhonf/ zqyvzGJUNyD; oefYSif;tpdk;&vufvuf wuo? rwuo? rwuo?
ykodrfaumvdyfor*wdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wkwfjynf? yDuif;NrdKUwGif usif;yaom (5)Budrfajrmuf urmYausmif;om;
rsm;or*tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHodkY wufa&mufEdkifcJhayonf/ AdkvfcsKyfae0if; ppftpdk;&vufxuf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif
rsm;pGm tzrf;cH&NyD; tcsKdUaSmifwdrf;cJh&onf/ 1958 ck 'DZifbmvwGif ausmif;om;or*tzGJUcsKyf 'k-Ou| rpwm
[efeufonf jrefrmjynfodkYa&mufvmcJhNyD; pwkwtBudrf ausmif;om;yGJawmfodkY wufa&mufcJhonf/ (6) Budrfajrmuf
urmYausmif;om;nDvmcH wufa&mufa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mtpdk;&ESifh wm0efcHwdkYu EdkifiHul;vufrSwf rxkwfay;
roGm;EdkifcJhay/
610

wef;cGJ? wef;cspepfwdkufyGJ0if pmwrf;udk wifoGif;cJhonf/ pmar;yGJrsm;ppfaq;&mwGif wcsKdUEdkifiHrsm; txl;
ojzifh tar&duef a&;ajz&aompmar;yGJrsm; rSd? ausmif;om;wdkY\ aeYpOftwef;wGif; vkyfief;rsm;? oifcef;pmrsm;?
avhusifhcef;rsm;udk MunfhNyD; tatmifay;aom ppfaq;enf;ESifh jrefrmjynfwGif toHk;jyKaeaom a&;ajzpmar;yGJ[l
ESpfrsKd;Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHwGif a&;ajzenf;ay:rlwnfum ausmif;om;rsm; aeYpOfvkyfief;? avhusifhcef;?
oifcef;pmudkyg xnfhoGif;wGufcsufaom pmar;yGJppfaq;enf;udk jyKoifhonf[k ,lqayonf/
EdkifiHawmfausmif;rsm;wGif (4) wef;? (7) wef;? (10) wef;rsm;wGif tpdk;&ppf pmar;yGJjyKvkyf&ef? azmfjyyg
tpd;k &ppfpmar;yGrJ sm; atmifjrifygu oufqikd &f mtqifEh iS hf udu
k n
f o
D nfh toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ynmudk oifMum;Edik &f ef
zefw;D ay;&rnf/ (10) wef; pmar;yGo
J nf wckwnf;aom pmar;yGjJ zpfaomfvnf; pmar;yGaJ tmifpm&if;wGif wuov
kd o
f Ykd
oGm;Edkif&ef tqifhtwef;rDolrsm;tm; wuodkvfodkY qufvufynmoifMum;EdkifcGifhSdaMumif; yl;wGJaMunmay;&rnf/
rSwcf su-f aMunmcsufonf ,cktpdk;&toHk;jyKaeaom (A-3) pepfESifhrwl/ wuodkvf? Oypm? odyHpmar;yGJrsm;wGif
atmifolrsm;xHrS tif*sifeD,m? aq;odyHodkY ynmoifMum;Edkifonfh oabmrsKd;jzpfonf/ wuodkvfodkY
roGm;jzpfolrsm;onf wuodkvfodkY0ifEdkif&eftwGuf xyfrHpmar;yGJajzqdk&ef rnfodkYajz&rnf[k ndEIdif;
owfrw
S &f rnf/ (10) wef;pmar;yGJ atmifjrifow
l ikd ;f tm; atmifvufrw
S w
f rsKd;wnf;udo
k m xkwaf y;&rnf/
odkYjzpf wef;cGJ? wef;cspepfudk uefYuGufcJhygonf/
(q) &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* 1959-60 trIaqmiftzGUJ tpD&ifcpH m
( 1959 - 1960 )
trIaqmiftzGt
YJ pD&ifcpH m
1/ zGJUpnf;jcif;
2/ trIaqmiftzGJU0g'ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;
3/ trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aqmifGufcsufrsm;
4/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm; xdyg;vmjcif;ESifh aqmifGufcsufrsm;
5/ ynmoifMum;a&;ESifhywfoufaom aqmifGufcsufrsm;
6/ yGJobiftcrf;tem;rsm;
7/ taxGaxGvkyfief;rsm;
8/ Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;
9/ aus;Zl;wifSdjcif;
10/ ed*Hk;
611
(1)
zGJYpnf;jcif;
(u) aG;aumufyt
JG &mScd efjh cif;- 1959-60 ckESpf &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* trIaqmifrsm; aG;aumufyGJ
twGuf wm0ef,laqmifGufrnfh 1958-59 ck &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* Ou| udkcifarmiftkef; tzrf;cH
ae&NyD; 'k-Ou|jzpfaom udkbaumif;rSm 0&rf;xkwfxm;rIaMumifh wdrf;aSmifaecJh&onf/ xdkYaMumifh 1959-60 ckESpf
trIaqmifaG;aumufyt
JG wGuf 1959 ck? Mo*kwv
f (8) &ufaeYwiG f jyKvkyu
f si;f yaom 1958-59 ckEpS f &efuek w
f uov
kd f
ausmif;om;rsm;or*\ tvkyftpnf;ta0;rS aG;aumufyGJt&mSd udkndK0if;ESifh aG;aumufyGJt&mSdtm; ulnD&ef
(Fore Teller) (4) a,mufudk aG;aumufwifajrmufcJhayonf/
xdo
k Ykd aG;aumufyt
JG wGuf aG;aumufyt
JG &mSrd S BudK;yrf;jyifqifaepOf 1959 ck? Mo*kwv
f (14) &ufaeYwiG f
rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*? Ou| udkapmvGiftm;vnf;aumif;? Mo*kwfv (16) &ufwGif rEav;
wuov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* 'k-Ou| udpk ed jf rift
h m;vnf;aumif; zrf;qD;jcif;twGuf aG;aumufyt
JG &mSrd S ,if;uJo
h Ykd
zrf;qD;jcif;udkuefYuGuf zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tjrefjyefvTwf&ef awmif;qdkcJhayonf/
(c) aG;aumufyrJG sm;- 1959-60 ckESpf &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* 'k-Ou|ESifh aiGxdef;wdkYudk aG;aumufyGJ
wifajrmuf&ef yxrtywf wuoaG;aumufyGJudk 1959 ckESpf pufwifbmv (3) &ufaeYwGif usif;yrnf[k aG;
aumufyGJt&mSdrS aMunmcJhonf/ 0ifa&muftaG;cHvdkolrsm;\ avQmufvTmrsm;udk 1959 ck? Mo*kwfv (28) &ufaeY
eHeuf (10) em&DrSp (31) &ufaeY? nae (3) em&DrwdkifrD aG;aumufyGJt&mSdxH wifoGif;&rnf[k aMunmcJhonf/
Ou|ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mrsm;twGuf ,SOfNydKiftaG;cH&ef avQmufvTmwifoGif;ol wOD;pDomSdNyD;? 'k-Ou|
ae&mtwGuf avQmufvTmwifoGif;ol (3) OD; SdcJhonf/ xdk,SOfNydKiftaG;cH&ef wifoGif;Muaom 'k-Ou| ae&mt
wGuf (3) OD; Sdonhfteuf (2) OD;rSm rdrdwdkYqEtavQmuf avQmufvTmrsm; jyefvnfkyfodrf;Edkifaom pufwifbmv
(1) &uf? nae (2) em&DwGif avQmufvTmrsm;udk jyefvnfkyfodrf;oGm;cJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh Ou|? 'k-Ou|ESifh aiGxdef; (3) ae&mpvHk;wGif ,SOfNydKiftaG;cHrnfholrSdawmhaomaMumifh Ou|
udkvSwif? 'k-Ou| udkpdef0if; (oHk;cG) ESifh aiGxdef; udkAaqGav; (bDat) wdkY a&G;cs,fjcif; cHcJh&onf/
trIaqmif (6) OD;ae&mtwGuf wuo 'kwd,ywfaG;aumufyGJudk aG;aumufyGJt&mSdtjzpf udkvSwifu
aqmifu
G u
f m 1959 ck pufwifbmv (10) &ufaeUwGif usif;yrnf[k aMunmcJo
h nf/ ,SONf ydKiftaG;cH&ef avQmufvmT
wifoGif;Muolrsm; (14) a,mufSdonfhteuf (2) OD;rSm rdrdwdkY qEtavQmuf avQmufvTmrsm; jyefvnfkyfodrf;ojzifh
usef o
dS l (12) a,mufEiS hf aG;aumufyjJG yKvkycf &hJ m ,SONf ydKiforl sm; teuf udn
k Kd 0if;? udjk roef;? udak usmv
f idI (f udx
k eG ;f ausm)f ?
udkxGef;vIdifaz (udkwifarmifaqG)? udkudkMunfESifh udkatmif0if;wdkYrSm rJtrsm;qHk;&Muojzifh 1959-60 ckESpf wuo
trIaqmiftjzpf taG;cHcJh&onf/
(*) trIaqmiftzG-YJ &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* 1959-60 \ yxrtBudrf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;yGJudk
1959 ck? pufwifbmv (19) &ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfusif;ycJhonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;rS tdk;a0r*Zif;wm0efcHtjzpf rcif
cifapmESihf pmMunfw
h u
kd f yd#uwfwu
kd rf LS ;tjzpf udak tmiford ;f Edik w
f Ykd tm; aG;cs,fwifajrmufMuNyD; atmufygtrIaqmif
tzGJUudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
udkvSwif
Ou|
udkpdef0if;
'k-Ou|
udkAaqGav; (bDat)
aiGxdef;
udkndK0if;
udkjroef;
wGJzuf-taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;ESifh jyefMum;a&;XmerSL;
udkausmfvIdif
udkwifarmifaqG
upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIXmerSL; (ausmufbDvl; wifarmifaqG)
udkudkMunf
udkatmif0if;
rcifcifapm
tdk;a0wm0efcH
udkatmifodrf;Edkif
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
612

(C) qyfaumfrwDrsm;- tdk;a0r*Zif;wm0efcHESifh pmMunfhwdkufwm0efcHwdkYudk ajymif;vJcefYtyf&ef (4) Budrfajrmuf
trIaqmiftpnf;a0;wGif pOf;pm;? td;k a0r*Zif;wm0efcjH zpf udak tmiford ;f Edik t
f m; ajymif;vJcefYtyf rcifcifapmtm;
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;tjzpf ajymif;vJcefYtyfcJhonf/
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*\ zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya't& zGUJ pnf;&rnfh qyfaumf
rwDrsm;ESifh vdktyfaomXmersm;twGuf qyfaumfrwDrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
tdk;a0r*Zif;aumfrwD
udkatmifodrf;Edkif
tdk;a0wm0efcH
udkAaqGav; (bDat)
aiGxdef;
udkxGm;pdef
twGif;a&;rSL;
udkoef;armif
tvkyfrefae*sm
udkvSaT (aq;ausmif;)
aumfrwD0if
udkeE (jrefrmpm*kPfxl;)
aumfrwD0if
rcifcifapm (bDat-'DwD) aumfrwD0if
pmMunfUwdkufaumfrwD
rcifcifapm
udkeef;a0
udkAaqGav; (bDat)
udkoef;atmif (0dZmodyH-u)
udkarmifudk (OypmodyH-c)
udkMunfrif; (0dZmodyH-u)
udkatmifoef; (0dZmodyH-u)
ausmif;om;acsmifcsda&;aumfrwD
udkatmif0if;
udkpdef0if; (oHk;cG)
udkAaqGav; (bDat)
udkwifvIdif
udkjrifhaz (aq;ausmif;)
udkav;&D (0dZmodyH-c)
rpdefjrifh (0dZm-u)
rtrmpef; (bDat-tD;'D)
pmMunfhwdkufwm0efcH
twGif;a&;rSL;
aiGxdef;
aumfrwD0if
aumfrwD0if
aumfrwD0if
aumfrwD0if
wm0efcH
wuo'k-Ou|
aiGxdef;
twGif;a&;rSL;
aumfrwD0if
aumfrwD0if
aumfrwD0if
aumfrwD0if
(i) tzGiYJ ,frsm;twGuf wuoud,

k pf m;vS,rf sm;- &efuek w
f uov
kd u
f pm;ckepf m;aumifpt
D wGuf wuo ud,
k pf m;vS,f
rsm;tjzpf atmufyg (5) OD;tm; aG;cs,fcJhonf/
udkwifarmifaqG
udkausmfvIdif
wuotrIaqmif
udkjroef;
wuotrIaqmif
udkbGefY
wuotrIaqmif
udkwifGefY
wuotrIaqmif
(p) trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;rsm;- wuotrIaqmif tpnf;ta0;udk tBudrfaygif; (19) BudrfrQusif;ycJhonf/ tdk;a0
r*Zif;wm0efcHESifh pmMunfhwdkufrSL;rsm;twGuf (18) Budrfomjzpfonf/ trIaqmiftoD;oD; tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf
Muaom tBudrfrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/
udkvSwif- (17) Budrf? udkpdef0if;- (16) Budrf? udkAaqGav;- (11) Budrf? udkndK0if;- (18) Budrf?
613
udkjroef;- (17) Budrf? udkausmfvIdif- (19) Budrf? udkwifarmifaqG- (13) Budrf? udkudkMunf- (17) Budrf?
udkatmif0if;- (17) Budrf? rcifcifapm- (15) Budrf? udkatmifodrf;Edkif- (15) Budrf/
(2)
trIaqmiftzGJY0g'ESifU vkyfief;pOfrsm;
&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* 1959-60 \ Ou|opf usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJudk 1959 ck? pufwif
bmv (25) &ufaeY &efukefwuodkvf? ,k'oefcef;raqmifwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhNyD; &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;
or* 1959-60 \ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; aMunmcJhonf/
0g'
1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;?
2/ ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyemwdkif;wGif aqmifGufvdkaom ausmif;om;
tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmifGufa&;?
3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;jrifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmaygif;oif;
qufqHa&;/
vkyfief;pOfrsm;
1959-69 ckESpf vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk a,bk,s ausmif;om;xk vdktyfcsuftajccHrsm;udk csrSwfvdkufygonf/
xdktajccHvkyfief;rsm;udk rlwnf tao;pdwfvkyfief;csJUxGif vkyfaqmifoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/
1/ ,aeYtcsdeftcgwGif 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; kyfodrf;cHae&onf/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; qHk;IH;ae&onf/
ausmif;om;xktygt0if jynfov
l x
l \
k 'Dru
kd a&pDtcGit
hf a&; umuG,af &;wdu
k yf u
JG kd wuotaeESihf qifEw
JT u
kd yf JG
0ifrnf/
2/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; kyfodrf;cH&NyD; qHk;IH;vsufSdonf/ wuodkvfaumifpDwGifvnf;aumif;? ausmif;aqmif
aumfrwDwGifvnf;aumif; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; z,fxkwfjcif;cH&onf/ pepftrsKd;rsKd;? pnf;urf;trsKd;rsKd;
udk ausmif;om;xkqErygbJ jyKvkyfvsufSdonf/ ausmif;om;xkqErygbJ ausmif;aqmifrlopfudk twif;csrSwf
vkyaf qmifco
hJ nf/ rvdu
k ef mEdik o
f nfh pnf;urf;rsm; twif;tusyv
f yk cf ikd ;f vsuf So
d nf/ xdt
k csurf sm;rSm ausmif;om;
tcGifhta&; kyfodrf;cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm; wuouvkyf
aqmifrnf/
3/ ynma&;wDxiG cf suf a<u;aMumfojH zifh ynma&;jyifqifcsurf sm; vkyaf qmifc\
hJ / xdjk yifqifcsuaf Mumifh ausmif;om;xk
ynma&;tusyftwnf;ESihf &ifqikd &f \/ ausmif;vcay;&jcif;? pmar;yGpJ epfopfaMumifh ynmoifMum;rI tcGit
hf a&;
qHk;HI;&jcif;? (2) cgusvQif ausmif;rSxGuf&jcif; ponfh tusyftwnf;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifcJh&\/ xdktcsufrsm;rSm
ynma&;wDxGifcsufaMumifh jzpf\/ wuoonf ynma&;wDxGifcsuf ysufokOf;a&;twGuf wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;rnf/
ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf aqmifGufrnf/
4/ aESmifBudK;wnf; pGufzufrISdonfh tar&duef\ wuodkvftaxmuftyHhrsm;onf ,aeY ausmif;om;xktwGuf
vnf;aumif;? tem*wfwuodkvftwGuf vnf;aumif; BuD;pGmaomtE&m,f jzpfayonf/ wuodkvfe,fajrudk
0dik ;f &HvsufadS yonf/ aESmifBudK;wnf; pGuzf ufrI o
dS nfh tar&duef\ wuov
kd o
f Ykd axmufyrhH rI sm; wm;qD;a&;udk
wuorS aqmifGufrnf/
5/ rSefuefaom vkyfenf;vkyf[efESifh ppfrSefonfh ausmif;om;tusKd;jyK oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;rsm; wuou
wdk;csJUvkyfaqmifoGm;rnf/
6/ tqifhtwef;jrifhaom wuodkvfjzpfvma&;? wuodkvfoD;jcm;vGwfvyfcGifh umuG,fa&;twGuf q&mausmif;om;
cspfMunfpGm yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;udk taumiftxnfazmf vkyfaqmifoGm;rnf/
(3)
trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aqmifGufcsufrsm;
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; wuodkvfESifhausmif;toD;oD;wdkY ynmoifvsufSdMuaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;
onf jynfolvlxk\ tpdwftydkif;w&yf jzpfonf/ jynfolvlxk\ &ifESpfom;orD;rsm;om jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh
614

rdbjynfolwdkY\ jyemt&yf&yfwdkYonf om;orD;rsm;jzpfaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;\ ta&;tcif;rsm;om
jzpfayonf/ odkYtwGuf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdbjynfoltaygif;ESifhqdkifaom ta&;tcif;rsm;wGif wm0ef
odpmG jzifh xrf;aqmifc&hJ onf/ jzpfpOfordik ;f udk 1300 jynfh tvkyo
f rm;? v,form;? ausmif;om;wdYk \ ta&;awmfykH
BuD;u txiftSm; oufaojycJhayonf/
(u) yk'fr (5) ESifU vdyfaomifuRef; / / 1958 ck? atmufwdkbmv (28) &ufaeYwGif ygvDreftpnf;ta0; ac:,l
um? 0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ek Ekwx
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k cf sKyfBuD;ae0if; acgif;aqmifaom tpd;k &tzGUJ wufvmNyD;onfah emuf Nidr0f yfjym;a&;
yk'fr (5) ESifh ta&;ay:yk'frrsm;xkwfum ausmif;om;ESifhEdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;udk zrf;qD;cJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh
EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;udk udkudk;uRef;odkY ydkYcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf udkudk;uRef;rS jyefvnfac:,lNyD; tcsKdUudkom jyefvTwfNyD;
tcsKdUudk qufvuf csKyfaESmifxm;onhfjyif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tpdk;&onf xdkolrsm;tm; vdyfaomifuRef;odkY ydkYaqmif&ef
jyifqifcJhjyefonf/
odYk tE&m,frsm;vSaom vdyaf omifuRe;f odYk ydYk aqmifjcif;onf oem;nmwmrIuif;rJph mG nO;f yef;ESyd pf uf&m
oma&mufojzifh if;wdkYtm; vdyfaomifuRef;odkY rydkYaqmifyg&efESifh jyefvTwfyg&ef EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;ae0if;xHodkY
awmif;qdk arwm&yfcHpmydkYcJhonf/
(c) ygvDrefaG;aumufyGJ rJay;a&; / / 1960 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (6) &ufaeYwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonfh jynfolYvTwf
awmf aG;aumufyGJBuD;onf jrefrmjynfolwdkY\ tem*wfta&;udk qHk;jzwfapNyD;? aoa&;Sifa&;wrQ ta&;BuD;vSaom
aG;aumufyJG jzpfayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onfvnf; Edik if o
H m;jzpfonft
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vlxkw&yfvHk;u vufcHaom ynma&;pepfa&;qGJum ynma&;wDxGifvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk jyKjyifay;jcif;? ynma&;
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wuov
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om;rsm;onf rJqEay;jcif; jyKEdkifcJhonf/
(*) wJtdrfaTYajymif;aom &ufaTYa&; / / &efukefjrLeDpDy,frS &efukefNrdKUtwGif;Sd aTUajymif;&ef usefSdaeao;aom
&yf uGufrsm;rS wJtdrfrsm;udk 1960 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv (17) &ufaeUrS (19) &ufaeYtNyD; ajymif;&rnf[k aMunmcJhay
onf/ xdktcsdefrSm aq;odyHausmif;om;ESifh wuodkvfausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;wdkY pmar;yGJajzqdkaecsdef jzpfNyD;?
wuodkvfESifh tpdk;&ausmif;rsm; pmar;yGJajzqdkcsdef eD;uyfaeojzifh xdk&yfuGufwGif aexdkifolrsm;\ tcuftcJrsm;
ajyvnfa&;twGuf owfrSwfaom&ufrsm;wGif rajymif;aTUapyJ pmar;yGJNyD;rSompDpOf&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/
(4)
ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;rsm; xdyg;vmjcif;ESifU aqmifGufcsufrsm;
tpdk;&tzGJUonf jynfolvlxk tusKd;jyKjzpfap&efrSm jynfolvlxk udk,fydkifaG;cs,fjcif;jzifhom &Edkifrnfjzpf
onf/ 'Drdkua&pDenf;t& wufvmaom tpdk;&omvQif jynfolYtpdk;&jzpfayrnf/ ygvDref'Drdkua&pDenf; r[kwfbJ
tpd;k & tmPmajymif;,lco
hJ jzifh Adv
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twdik ;f yif jynfov
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jynfov
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hf a&;rsm; ydwyf ifc&H jcif;?
zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI trsKd;rsKd;udkcHcJh&jcif;rsm; jyKcJhayonf/
(u) ausmif;om;oHk;OD; ausmif;0ifcGifUy,fjcif; /
/ &efukefwuodkvfwGif wuoESifhwuG ausmif;om;xktm;
zdEydS &f efMuHpnfaeMuonfrmS MumcJNh yDjzpfonf/ odYk&mwGif wuo\ wGe;f vSeu
f muG,Ef ikd rf rI sm;aMumifh twefaemufqw
k f
615
oGm;&mrS AdkvfcsKyftpdk;& wufvmcsdefwGif ajAmifzdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;yif jyKrlvmawmhonf/
1959 ck? Mo*kwfv (31) &ufaeYwGif wuodkvfHk;rS ausmif;om; (3) OD;jzpfonfh wuoaiGxdef; udkA
aqGav; (Oya'0dZm yxrESp)f ESihf wuotrIaqmifa[mif;rsm;jzpfMuaom ud
k Pf&if (r[m0dZm -yxrESp)f ? udjk rifo
h ed ;f
(0dZmtaxGaxG*kPfxl;wef;-yxrESpf) wdkYtm; ausmif;0ifcGifhrS y,fzsufvdkufaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/ jzpf&yfwGif
wuodkvf\ tcGifhtmPmtydkifqHk;jzpfaom ygarmucsKyfudk,fwdkif rodvdkufaom jyKrlcsufjzpfaMumif; ygarmucsKyfrS
0efcHum ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh jyKcJhayonf/ odkYjzpf&onfrSm oufqdkif&mXmerS TefMum;csufw&yfom jzpfaMumif;
ygarmucsKyf\ xkwaf zmfajymjycsut
f & tmPmydik w
f Ykdonf ygarmucsKyfuykd if ausmv
f eG u
f m kyyf suq
f if;ysuf usL;ausmf
zdESdyfvmjcif;jzpfonf/
(c) atmufwdkbmausmif;aqmifaecGifU /
/ atmufwdkbm ausmif;ydwf&uftwGif jynfe,fausmif;om;rsm;ESifh
jyef&ef vrf;yef;c&D;cufcJaom ausmif;om;rsm;udkom taqmifaexdkifcGifh,lNyD; tr&ESifh &mrnaqmifrsm;wGifom
taqmifaecGifh jyKrnfjzpfaMumif; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS aMunmcJhayonf/ xdkxkwfjyefaMunmcsufonf ausmif;
om;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;udk kyfodrf;jcif;om jzpfonf/ tpOftvmrsm;udk qefYusifum ausmif;om;rsm; pmayavhvm
jcif;udk taESmifht,Suf jzpfaponf/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufonf pmoifESpfukefqHk; ausmif;ydwfjcif;r[kwf?
acwausmif;ydwfjcif;om jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aqmifom;tm;vHk;wGif pmoifESpfrukefqHk;rcsif; ausmif;aqmif
rsm;wGif aexdkifcGifhSdaMumif;/
ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS ,if;ausmif;ydw&f ufwiG f ausmif;aqmifaexdik cf iG ahf y;xm;onfh ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS
aiG 14d^- aumufcHjcif;onfvnf; vHk;0rw&m;ay/ ausmif;aqmifaexdkifoltm;vHk;onf atmufwdkbmvtwGuf
aiGay;oGif;NyD;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufwGif ausmif;aqmifom;wdkif; rdrdwdkY taqmifrsm;wGif
tcrJhaexdkifcGifhonf rdrdwdkY\ udk,fydkiftcGifhta&;om jzpfaMumif;/
ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD\ jyKvkyv
f mcsufrsm;onf ausmif;om;tcGit
hf a&;udk csKd;zsufjcif;omjzpfNyD; ausmif;
om;udk,fpm;vS,f rygonfh aumfrwDrS ausmif;om;qEESifhqefYusifpGm tmPmSifqefqef jyKrlvmcsufrsm;om jzpf
aMumif;rsm;jzifh uefYuGufcJhonf/
wuoESifhtoif;tzGJUrsm;rS uefYuGufawmif;qdkaecsdefwGif ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif wuodkvft&Hwyf&if;udk
xm;Srd nfjzpfaMumif; aMunmvdu
k jf yefonf/ aS;OD;pGm ausmif;aqmifrsm;jyif&eftwGu[
f
l ajymNyD;aemufwiG f wuov
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t&Hwyf&if;awmh xm;Edik o
f nfqo
kd nfh jyem xyfqifch jhJ yefonf/ xdYkaMumifh ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD\ qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;
onf ausmif;om;rsm; taqmifwGifraea&;om &nfG,faom zdESdyfrIoufoufomjzpfaMumif; xifSm;ayonf/
odkYtwGuf &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* Ou|\ tcGifhtmPmt& wuorS ausmif;om;xk
tpnf;ta0;w&yfudk 1959 ck? pufwifbmv (23) &ufaeY? n (7) em&Dtcsdef wuocef;rwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/
,if;pnf;a0;yGJrS atmufygtqdkrsm;udk wifoGif;qHk;jzwfcJhonf/
1/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; rdrdaexdkifonfh ausmif;aqmifwGif aexdkifcGifhrjyKbJ aiG 14dây;oGif;um tjcm;ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ajymif;aTUae&rnfqdkaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD\ qHk;jzwf
csufudk uefYuGufaMumif;/
2/ atmufwb
kd mausmif;ydw&f uftwGi;f wuov
kd t
f &Hwyf&if;udk ckw;kH vky
f wuov
kd ef ,fajrwGif ppftajc
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3/ odYk zdEySd cf sKyfcs,v
f mjcif;udk ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGrJ S wqufwnf; wuov
kd ef ,fajrwGi;f vSnv
hf nf
qEjyuefYuGuf&ef/
pufwifbmv (23) &ufaeYnwGif ausmif;om;xkq;kH jzwfcsuft& qEjycJMh uayonf/ xdu
k pd E iS yhf wfouf
&efukefwuodkvfaumifpDrS wuotrIaqmifrsm;onf ausmif;pnf;urf;azmufzsufNyD; qlylonf[laom taMumif;jy
csufjzifh ygarmucsKyftm; (7) &uftwGif; awmif;yef&rnf? vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf[k qHk;jzwfaMunmcJhonf/
xdkjyemESifh ywfouf wuotrIaqmiftpnf;ta0;rS tav;teufpOf;pm;MuNyD;1/ xdkta&;onf q&mausmif;om; at;aq;ausvnfpGm ajzSif;oifhaom jyemw&yfom jzpfonf[k
wuorS ,HkMunfonf/
2/ xdkta&;aMumifh wuodkvf\ at;csrf;om,mpGmwnfSda&;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;udk rxdcdkuf
ap&ef/
616

3/ xdkta&;aMumifh q&mausmif;om; yl;wGJaqmifGufa&;ESifh cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&; ysufjym;roGm;ap&ef/
4/ xdkta&;aMumifh rdbjynfolrsm;? q&m? q&mrrsm; pdwfrcsrf;rom rjzpfap&efESifh pdwfcsrf;omrI&ap&ef
[laom oabmxm;udk xkwjf yefaMunmum? atmufwb
kd m (1) &ufaeYwiG f trIaqmifrsm;onf ygarmu
csKyfxo
H mG ;a&muf odYkjzpfysu&f onfu
h pd E iS yhf wfouf rsm;pGm0rf;enf;ygaMumif;jzifh ajymum ausat;
cJhonf/
wuodkvfausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif wuodkvft&Hwyf&if;udk xm;&eftpDtpOfvnf; ysufoGm;cJhonf/
(*) atmufwdkbmv0ufxrif;zdk; /
/ atmufwdkbmvwGif ausmif;aqmifaeaom ausmif;olôm;rsm; ausmif;
aqmifrae&ojzifh if;wdYk tm; taqmifrS xrif;rpm;aomaMumifh atmufwb
kd mv0uf xrif;zd;k rsm;udk jyef xkwaf y;&ef
awmif;qdkcJhonf/ ,if;awmif;qdkcsufaMumifhyif xrif;zdk; 21d^- 50 jym;udk taqmifaeausmif;olôm; rsm;
jyefvnf&SdcJhMuonf/
(C) ausmif;pnf;urf;jyem /
/ ausmif;aqmifXmerS ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udkxkwfjyefcJh&m xdkpnf;urf;rsm;
wGif ausmif;om;rsm; rvdkufemEdkifonfhtcsufrsm; yg0ifaeonf/ wuoonf ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh ywfouf
ausmif;pnf;urf;Srd u
I kd vdv
k m;onf/ ausmif;pnf;urf;Srd u
I kd ausmif;om;ESihf q&myl;aygif;um ynmay;vkyaf qmif&ef
vdktyfaMumif;rsm; wifjycJhonf/ pufwifbmv (8) &ufaeYwGif ygarmucsKyfESifh wuotrIaqmifrsm; awGUqHkpOfu?
ygarmucsKyfrS ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udk ausmif;om;or*ESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;udk wdkifyifndEIdif;NyD;rS
twnfjyKrnf[k ajymqdkcJhonf/
xdak jymqdck surf sm;t& xkwjf yefxm;onfh pnf;urf;rsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;yg&efEiS hf ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,f
rsm;ESifh tajytvnfndEIdif;NyD;rS twnfjyKyg&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/
(i) ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDESifU ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,fjyem /
/ &efukefwuodkvf ausmif;aqmifta&;
jyemrsm;udk pDrt
H yk cf sKyf&eftwGu?f wuov
kd af umifpv
D ufatmufwiG f ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDNdS yD; ,if;aumfrwDwiG f
wuo ud,
k pf m;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifcahJ yonf/ 1959 ck ausmif;zGiphf wGif wuoud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; Ekwyf ,fxm;cJo
h nf/
xdkYaemuf ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;rsm;odkY tvSnfhus ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; wufa&muf&ef
ausmif;aqmif (2) aqmifodkY aumfrwDu zdwfac:cJhonf/ wuoESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;tzGJUcsKyfwdkYrS ,cift
wdkif; wuo udk,fpm;vS,ftm; jyefvnfay;&ef awmif;qdkaepOfwGif xdkuJhodkYxyfrHjyKjyifjcif;onf ausmif;om;xkudk
udk,fpm;jyK zGJUpnf;xm;aom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk todtrSwf rjyKvdkjcif;om jzpfonf/
xdYkaMumifh ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD\ rlrrSeaf om ausmif;aqmif (2) aqmifrS ud,
k pf m;vS,f (2) OD; zdwaf c:jcif;
udk uefYuGuf wuoESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfwdkYrS cefYtyfxm;aom udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udkom
vufcH&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/ ,ckwGifrl wuo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;tzGJUcsKyf
Ou| wdkYudk vufcHxm;Sdayonf/
(p) aumifpDaG;aumufyGJ /
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&efukefwuodkvftufOya' jyifqifcsufudk twnfjyKcJhavonf/ &efukefwuodkvftufOya' jyifqif&eftwGuf
wuodkvfaumifpDwGif tMuHPfawmif;cHpOfu rygcJhaom ]wuo udk,fpm;vS,fvlBuD; (2) OD;tm; jzKwfypf&ef}
jyifqifcsufudkvnf; txl;trdefYjyefwrf;xkwfum xnfhoGif;jyifqifcJhonf/
xdkodkY jyKvkyfjcif;onf wuoonf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ udk,fpm;vS,fr[kwf[laom oabmouf
a&mufNyD;vQif wuo\ tcGit
hf a&;rsm;udk ydwyf if&efjyKvkyjf cif;? ausmif;om;wdik ;f or*0ifciG u
hf kd zsuford ;f or*zUJG
pnf;cGifhudk ydwfyif&ef jyKvkyfjcif;? wuodkvfe,fajrudk EdkifiHa&;tzGJUrsm;,SOfNydKif&m ppfwvif;tjzpfodkY a&mufSd&ef
jyKvkyfjcif; jzpfojzifh wuorS qEjyuefYuGufcJhonf/
ausmif;om;rsm; qEjyuefYuGufonfhMum;rSyif wuodkvftufOya'jyifqifcsufudk 1959 ck? rwfv (2)
&ufaeYwGif usif;yaom jynfolUvTwfawmfnDvmcHrS vufcHtwnfjyKcJhonf/ wuoonf xdktufOya'jyifqifcsuf
zsufodrf;a&;? wuo udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD; &Sda&;twGuf qufvufawmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifrnfjzpf
aMumif; aMunmcJhonf/
617
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udkufnDrIrSdaomfvnf; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f trnfcHum ausmif;om;qEtwdkif; raqmifGufaom wuodkvf
aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD; rjzpfap&efESifh ausmif;om;qErsm;udk wuodkvfaumifpDwGif wifjyEdkif&eftwGuf ausmif;om;
udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD;tm; wuoonf toif;tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh ndEIdif;aG;cs,fum 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifap
cJhonf/
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tusKd; epfemcsufrsm;udk ausmif;om;xkqE? ausmif;om;xktjriftwdkif; aqmifGufEdkifa&;twGuf wuodkvfaumifpD
ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f aG;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifjcif; rjyK&ef arwm&yfcHcJhayonf/
odkY&mwGif EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;wckjzpfaom oefYSif;zqyvrS 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif&ef jyifqifvmjcif;aMumifh?
oefYSif;zqyv\ qEt& wuoonf (3) Budrfwdkifwdkif awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ xdkodkY aqG;aEG;&mwGif oefYSif;
zqyvESihf wuoonf (1) 'Dru
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k m;csurf sm;jzpfonfh ynma&;vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;
y,fzsufay;a&;? ynma&;epfemcsufrsm;udk aumifpDwGif wifjyawmif;qdkay;a&; ponfh rl (2) csufudk vufcHNyD;
Edik if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf;jzpfonfh oefYiS ;f zqyv\ ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f aeESihf r0ifb?J wuo\aG;cs,faom ud,
k pf m;vS,f
tjzpf 0ifrnfqdkygu wuorS axmufcHay;rnf[k wifjycJhonf/
odYk aomf oefYiS ;f zqyvtaeESihf vufrcHaomaMumifh wuoonf wuo\ aiGxed ;f a[mif; OD;wDy0D rf;ESihf
Ou|a[mif; OD;armifarmifausmf wdkYtm; udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aG;aumufum oefYSif;zqyv udk,fpm;vS,f OD;0if;?
OD;&mSpw
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hJ nf/ wuoud,
k MkH unfjcif;? ausmif;om;xk\ tpOftvmESio
hf pmudck ,
H
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o,fy;kd xrf;Gurf nfh wuoud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk ,HMk unf&if;pGJ jdS cif;wdYk aMumifh wuoud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;u tEdik &f Scd hJ
ayonf/ trdwuo\ *kPfodumudk pnf;vHk;nDGwfjcif; t&nftaoG;jzifh wifay;vdkMuojzifh armfvNrdKif? ykodrf?
ausmufjzLaumvdyf or*rsm;ESifh ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;rS nDGwfpGm rJay;cJhMuonf/
wuoonf aumifpaD G;aumufyw
JG iG f wuoud,
k pf m;vS,f (2) OD; tEdik &f cJah omfvnf; wuoud,
k pf m;vS,f
aumifpDwGif yg0ifcGifh&Sda&;rludkum; qufvuf udkifpGJjrJudkifpGJ wuodkvf jyifqifcsuftufOya' y,fzsufa&;udk
qufvufwdkufoGm;rnfom jzpfayonf/
(q) tzrf;cHausmif;om;rsm;pmar;yGJajza&; /
/ AdkvfcsKyfae0if; tpdk;&onf Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;udk taMumif;jyum
wuodkvfESifhtxufwef;ausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;om;rsm;udk yk'fr (5) jzifh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcJhonf/ 1958-59 ckESpfwGif
tzrf;cH&aom ausmif;om;tcsKdUrSm pmar;yGJajzcGifh avQmufaomfvnf; EdkifiHtpdk;&rS cGifhrjyKojzifh pmar;yJGajzqdkcGifh
r&Sdacs/ odkY zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;aMumifh tzrf;cHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf txl;yifepfemcJh&onf/ odkYtwGuf 195960 ckESpf pmar;yGJwGif &oifh&xdkufaom tcGifhta&;t&? ajzqdkcGifhudk rdrdwdkY\ oufqdkif&maxmifwGif;rS ajzqdkcGifhjyK&ef
awmif;qdkcJhonf/
odkY&mwGif zdEdSyfcsKyfcs,frIudkom jyKvdkaom tpdk;&onf wOD;wa,mufudkrQ ajzqdkcGifhrjyKaMumif; jyefMum;cJh
ojzifh? vlYtcGifhta&;ESifh ynmoifMum;EdkifcGifhtcGifhta&; wm;qD;&ma&mufojzifh jyif;jyif;xefxef uefYuGufcJhonf/
(Z) or*0ifaMu;aumufcHay;&ef /
/ 1954 ckESpfrSp or*aMu;rsm;udk ausmif;0ifonfESifh wNydKifeuf
wuodkvfrS aumufcHay;cJhonf/ odkYaumufcHay;cJhjcif;onf wuoudk w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKjcif;yifjzpfonf/
1959-60 ckESpfwGif ,cifuJhodkY aumufcHaeqJyif wydkif;wpor*aMu;rsm; aumufcHjcif;udk &yfqdkif;xm;cJhonf/
,ckEpS f 1960-61 wGiv
f nf; raumufcaH y;bJ xm;Scd ahJ yonf/ or*aMu;rsm;aumufcrH I &yfqikd jf cif;onf wuotm;
w&m;0iftodtrSwrf jyKonfh oabmjzpf\/ wuoud,
k pf m;vS,f aumifpv
D Ml uD;rsm;tm; y,fzsujf cif;? ausmif;aqmif
aumfrwDrsm;tm; zsuo
f rd ;f jcif;jyKNyD;aemufwiG f ,ckqufvuf or*ut
kd odtrSwrf jyK&ef vkyaf qmifjcif;yifjzpfonf/
jynfolvkxk\ 'Drdkua&pD tvm;tvm arQmfudk;csufjzifh tHk<uaxmufcHjcif;aMumifh wufvmaom oefYSif;
zqyv (,ck yxp) tpdk;&onfyif or*aMu;rsm; aumufay;&efudk jiif;qefxm;Sdayonf/ wuo\ ausmif;om;
udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD;\ aumifpDwGifwifjycsufudk uefYuGufMuojzifh xdktqdkudkwif&ef &yfqdkif;xm;cJh
&onf/
618

(ps) 0&rf;xkwfcH&aomausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; /
/ AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tpdk;&tm; tmPmvTJajymif;ay;jcif;onf
ygvDref'rD u
kd a&pDenf;t& ajymif;vJjcif;r[kw?f tmPmudak oG;xGuo
f ,
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f rd ;f ydu
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jcif;rsm;cHcJh&onf/ wuoOu| udkcifarmiftkef;? trIaqmif udkzdk;omab;? twGif;a&;rSL; udkatmifbef;wdkY zrf;qD;
udu
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udkudef;aiG? wyfOD;trIaqmif udkudkBuD;ESifh Srf;trsKd;om; qdkif;EGefqdkif;? wuo'k-Ou|a[mif; udkpD wdkYrSmvnf;
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ud,
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jynfow
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csuft&? xdkausmif;om;acgif;aqmif;rsm; tzrf;cHygu oufnmpGmpOf;pm;rnfjzpfaMumif; aMunmvmcJhonf/ yxp
tpdk;&onf 'Drdkua&pDa<u;aMumfoHjzifh wufvmaom tpdk;&jzpfojzifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk jynfolvlxkaSUarSmuf
wGif uwday;NyD;jzpfonf[k ,lqjcif;? ausmif;om;ESifhtpdk;& qufqHa&;ajyjypf aumif;rGefaejcif;wdkYaMumifh wuo
onf 0&rf;ausmif;om;rsm; tzrf;cHa&;twGuf jyifqifcJhayonf/
(5)
ynmoifMum;a&;ESifUywfoufaom aqmifGufcsufrsm;
(u) waehESpfbmomrajza&; /
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ar;yGJrsm;wGif waeYvQif ar;cGef; (2) ck ajzqdk&awmhrnf jzpfaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/ ausmif;om;xktwGuf
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pDom ppfaq;rnfjzpfaMumif; jyifqifaMunmcJhonf/
0dZm wef;rsm;tm; waeYar;cGe;f (2) ck ajzqdak &;rlum; aumifprD v
S ufct
H wnfjyKcJo
h nf/ tqdu
k kd aumifpD
rS vufcHtwnfjyK&mwGif aumifpD ausmif;om;xkqErygbJ vufcHtwnfjyKcsufom jzpfonf/
odkYtwGuf wuo\ ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,fvlMuD; (2) OD;rS aumifpDudk tjrefac:qdkcdkif;vsuf wzuf
wGif 0dZm wef;rsm;wGif qEvufrw
S rf sm;udk vdu
k v
f aH umufccH o
hJ nf/ vufrw
S af ygif; (2000) ausmf&Scd sdew
f iG f qD;edwrf S
waeYwGif ar;cGefwckomajz&ef wuo\awmif;qdkcsufudk jyefvnfqHk;jzwfcJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf vHk;0
tusKd;rSdaom rrSefuefonfh jyKrlvmcsufonf ausmif;om;xktm;aMumifh aemufjyefqkwfoGm;&jcif;jzpfonf/
(c) pmar;yGJar;cGef;aygufMum;jcif; /
/ 1960 ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGif usif;yaom wuodkvf0ifpmar;yGJwGif
ocFsmbmom rSm;,Gi;f jcif;? t*Fvyd b
f mom csKdU,Gi;f jcif;rsm; jzpfay:NyD;aemuf? &mZ0ifbmomwGif ar;cGe;f aygufMum;
jcif; jzpfcJhonff/ ajrmif;jr? jrif;jcH? ausmufqnf? uom pmppfXmersm;ESifh NrdKUaygif; tawmfrsm;rsm;wGif pmar;yGJ
&mZ0ifar;cGef;rsm; aygufMum;ojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;qEjy pmajzcef;rS xGufcGmMujcif;? aumfrwDzGJU ar;cGef;rsm;
BudKwif dkufESdyfjzefYcsdjcif;rsm;? oufqdkif&mESifh NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;odkY wdkifwef;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhMuonf/
onfukd NrdKUjytkycf sKyfa&; wyfrawmft&mSrd sm;rS wdik ;f jynfrqlyal &;wGuf xde;f odr;f jcif;? apmifah Smufjcif;?
ydwfyifjcif;rsm;jzifh rNidrf;rcsrf;jzpf&rnfh jyemrsm;udk aSmif;uGif;EdkifcJhonf/ ,if;tajctaeudk taMumif;jyK
wm0efo
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I yf w
d f qdwq
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d af ecJMh uonf/ wuoonf &uo? Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf
ESifh ndEIdif;um pmar;yGJar;cGef;aygufMum;&mwGif wOD;tay:wOD; wm0efvTJjcif;? (Debar) jyKvkyfjcif;? tajz vTmrsm;
wif;usyfpGmppfaq;jcif;rsm; rjyKvkyfbJ? wm0efSdolrsm;udk tjypfay;&efESifh pmar;yGJar;cGef;xkwfjcif;? jzefYcsdjcif;pepfudk
jyefvnf ppfaq;jyifqif&ef vdktyfaMumif;? ,if;ar;cGef;aygufMum;rItwGuf aygufMum;aomXmersm;wGif pmar;yJGrsm;
jyefvnfppfaq;ay;&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/
xdu
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kd yxptpd;k &ESihf awGUqH&k mwGif oufnm pGm pOf;pmrnfqakd omfvnf; atmifpm&if;wGif qEjycJah om
ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; vHk;0xnfhoGif; rpOf;pm;aMumif; awGU&onf/ wm0efSdolrsm;vnf; wm0efr,lao;bJ?
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm; tay:wGif wm0efrJh jyKrlcJhonf/
(*) pmar;yGJar;cGef;rsm;csKdY,Gif;jcif; /
/ 'kwd,urmppfBuD;tNyD; ausmif;rsm;jyefvnf zGifhvSpfonfrSp jrefrm

619
EdkifiHwGif ESpfpOfusif;yaom pmar;yGJwdkif;vdkyif csKdU,Gif;csufrsm; jzpfay:cJhonf/ 1960 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (16) &uf
aeYrpS usif;yaom wuov
kd 0f ifwef;pmar;yGw
J iG v
f nf; csKdU,Gi;f csufrsm; jzpfcjhJ yefonf/ t*Fvyd pf mar;cGe;f tcsKdUwGif
pmrsufESm wzufrygSdjcif;? ar;cGef;trSwf (4) wGif bmomjyefyg (odkYr[kwf) tusOf;a&;yg[l cGJr&Edkifaom rwd
usaom ar;cGef;udkar;jcif;? ocFsmar;cGef;vTm (2) t*FvdyfbmomESifh jrefrmbmom *Pef; (2) rsKd; jzpfaejcif;?
(7) yk'f ajzyg[l jrefrmbmomwGif ryg0ifjcif; paomcsKdU,Gif;rIrsm; jzpfcJhonf/
xdb
k momrsm;onf r,lrae&bmomBuD;rsm; jzpfjcif;aMumifh ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; twGuf BuD;rm;aom
epfemcsufrsm; jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; repfemap&ef aqmifGufay;&efESifh xdkodkYaqmifGufrIrsm;udk
wuodkvf0ifpmppfbkwftzGJUrS twdtvif; xkwfazmfaMunm&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/
(C) ynma&;r[mXmeESifUaxmufyHUaMu; / / ,cifESpfrsm;u ynma&;r[mXmewGif axmufyHhaMu;,lol ausmif;
ol? ausmif;om;wdkif;tm; axmufyHhaMu;ay;cJhonf/ odkYaomf 1969-60 ckESpf axmufyHhaMu;,lvdkaom ausmif;ol?
ausmif;om; (300) cefYSdonfteuf (130) om ay;cJhonf/ aiGaMu;tusyftwnf;aMumifh ynma&;r[mXmewGif
oif,laeMuaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;tcsKdU axmufyHhaMu;r&rIaMumifh ynmqufvufoif,l&ef tcuftcJawGU
ae&onf/ ausmif;vc ray;Mu&aom ,cifESpfrsm;uyif axmufyHhaMu;&vdkolwdkif;tm; ay;EdkifcJhao;&m ausmif;vc
,laom 1959 ckESpfwGif ydkrdkom ay;Edkifp&mjzpfonf/
odYk twGuf ynma&;r[mXmeESihf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;wdYk nEd idI ;f aqG;aEG;um if;wdYk oabmwlq;kH jzwfcsuf
twdkif; ay;apoifhaMumif; awmif;qdkcJhonf/
(i) jrefrm&mZ0ifoD;jcm;oifa&; / / &efukefwuodkvfwGif pmayoifMum; ydkYcsrIqdkif&mXmersm;teuf taSUwdkif;
&mZ0ifXme[l XmeSdcJhonf/ ,if;Xmeudk ppfNyD;acwf 1951 ckESpfwGif &mZ0ifXmerS cGJxkwfum oD;jcm;Xmewcktjzpf
wnfaxmifcjhJ cif; jzpfonf/ 1955 ckEpS w
f iG f wzef taSUwdik ;f &mZ0ifXme jrefrm&mZ0ifukd oD;jcm;bmomw&yftjzpf
wdk;csJUum 0dZmwef;rsm;wGif oifMum;ydkYcscJhavonf/ 1959-60 ckESpfwGif jrefrm&mZ0if oifMum;olaygif; (800)
ausmfxd wdk;wufrsm;jym;vmcJhonf/
xdkodkY wdk;wufrsm;jym;aeaom jrefrm&mZ0ifoifMum;ydkYcsrIudk 1960-61 ckESpfrSp &efukefwuodkvfwGif
oD;jcm;bmom&yftjzpf oifMum;jcif;rjyKawmhbJ zsufodrf;&ef &efukefwuodkvfqD;edwftzGJUrS qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ odkYt
wGuf toif;tzGJUrsm;? owif;pmq&mrsm;ESifh aqmif;yg;Sifrsm;rS uefYuGufa&;om; azmfxkwfvmcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh
vnf; &efukefwuodkvfrS ajzSif;csufwckxkwfjyefcJhonf/ jrefrm&mZ0ifoifMum;jcif;udk zsufodrf;jcif;r[kwf? taSU
wdkif;&mZ0ifXmerS wdk;csJUum jrefrm&mZ0ifudk oD;jcm;bmom w&yftaejzifh oifMum;&mrS q&mrvkHavmuf jrefrm
&mZ0ifowfowf (odkYr[kwf) taSUzsm;&mZ0ifowfowf wckckudkom oifMum;jcif;jyK&ef qHk;jzwfjcif;jzpfaMumif;
azmfjycJhonf/
wuodkvfrS ajzSif;csuf? ygarmucsKyf\ ajymMum;csufwdkYudk avhvmygu q&mrvHkavmuf [laom
taMumif;jycsufom Sdayonf/ wuodkvfwGif q&mrvHkavmufjcif;rSm jrefrm&mZ0ifXme wckwnf;omr[kwf?
bmom&yftrsm;tjym;wGif rvHrk avmufjzpfaeonfrmS txiftSm; jzpfaeonf/ q&mrvHak vmufom bmom&yfrsm;
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jzifh &mZ0ifbmomwGif a'gufwmbGJU&cJhaom q&m? q&mrrsm; wuodkvfwGifSdayonf/ xdkYjyif jrefrm&mZ0ifudk
SmrD;S pkaqmif;cJah om q&mrsm;vnf; wuov
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Sdaeayonf/
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620

t*Fvyd Ef iS jhf refrmbmom&yf (2) ckpvH;k udkd oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yftjzpf owfrw
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S nf;aumif; yHw
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rsm;? toif;tzGUJ rsm;? oHCmawmftSijf rwfrsm;odYk zdwMf um;um jrefrm&mZ0ifo;D jcm;oifa&;ESihf aemufqufwpJG mar;yGJ
jyKvkyfay;a&;udk Sif;vif;wifjycJhonf/ jynfaxmifpkoHCmhtzGJUcsKyfESifh wdkufe,foHCmrsm; tzGJUtpnf;udk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;rS tMuHay;aqG;aEG;Muayonf/ ,if;jyemtwGuf wuoonf ygarmuq&mrsm;tm; vdkufvHawGUqHkum
wifjyjcif;? ar;jref;jcif;rsm;jzifhvnf; BudK;pm;cJhayonf/
wuorS tBudrfBudrf wifjyawmif;qdkonfhMum;rS EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkrS jrefrm&mZ0if oD;jcm;oifMum;
a&;tjyif jrefrm&mZ0if acgif;pD;vufatmufwGifom taSUzsm;&mZ0ifudk oD;jcm;oif&ef qD;edwfodkY tMuHay;cJhonf/
onfukd qD;edwrf S vdu
k af vQmjcif; rSjd yefojzifh aemufq;kH aumifprD S q&mudak c:,l&Sv
d Qif jyefvnf oD;jcm;oif&ef
[laom qHk;jzwfcsufcsum xm;Sdaom tajctaeodkY a&mufvmcJh&ayonf/
(p) aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ /
/ 1960 ck ynmoifESpftpwGif? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh wuodkvfaumifpDrS &efukef
wuodkvfwGif tajymif;tvJ jyifqifcsufrsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ wuodkvftufOya' jyifqifcsuf? ausmif;vcaumufcH
jcif;? (2) cgus pepfusifhoHk;jcif;? pnf;rsOf;opfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;? pmar;yGJpepfopfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;rsm; yg0ifayonf/
pmar;yGpJ epfopfrsm; jyKvkyjf cif;ESihf ywfouf &efuek w
f uov
kd w
f iG f 1960 ckEpS rf S pNyD; ZGev
f aemufqufwJG
pmar;yGJrsm;zsufodrf; pmar;yGJwckwnf; usif;y&efjyifqifvmonfh pepfopfjzpfonf/ wuoonf 1958 ck? Mo
*kwfvwGif usif;yaom jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rS csrSwfonfh ]trsm;BuKd uf
ynma&;pepfrsm;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ zefwD;NyD;aomtcg pmar;yGJrsm;udk wESpfwBudrfppfaompepfodkh ajymif;oifUaMumif;}
oabmxm;udk axmufcHcJhonf/ odkYaomf ,cktajctaewGif trsm;BudKuftajctaeESifh udkufnDaom ynma&;pepf
tjzpf zefwD;aomtajctaeodkY ra&mufao;acs/
ynma&;ESiyhf wfouf pepfopfwck zefw;D rnfqykd gu xdpk epfEiS u
hf u
kd n
f aD om tajctaeudk BudKwifzefw;D
NyD;rSom pepfopfudkusifhoHk;oifhonf[k wuorS ,lqonf/ 1959-60 ckESpf pmoifESpfwGif ausmif;om;rsm;\
ynmoifMum;rI tajctaeonf pmar;yGJpepfopfESifh udkufnDjcif;? vdkufemEdkifjcif; tajctaerSdao;[k ,lqonf/
odkYaomf 1959 ck ESpfOD;rSyif ZGefvaemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJzsufodrf;NyD; pmar;yGJwckwnf;om ppfaq;rnf[k
aMunmxm;onhftwGuf ydkrdkBudK;pmcJhMuonf/ odkY&mwGif ar;cGef;vTm tcuftcJrsm;? usef;rma&;csKdU,Gif;rIrsm;aMumifh
pmar;yGaJ jzqd&k mwGif tcuftcJrsm;Scd o
hJ nf/ xdt
k csdeu
f yif 1960 ckEpS t
f wGuf aemufqufwpJG mar;yGw
J &yf ppfaq;&ef
aumifpDESifh qD;edwfwdkYodkY arwm&yfcHonf/
1960 ckESpf wuodkvfpmar;yGJwGif (65) &mcdkifEIef;pepf? tywfpOf enf;jyoifwef;rsm;? tprf;pmar;yGJrsm;udk
jyKvkyfrISdNyD; tenf;qHk;trSwf (34) ESifh ysrf;rQtrSwf (40) udk tatmifay;rnfaMunmjcif;? ,cifESpfrsm;u pmar;yGJ
(2) ckaygif; &mcdik Ef eI ;f xuf ,ckpmar;yGw
J ckwnf;onf rrsm;aomfvnf; odyef nf;rnf r[kwaf Mumif;yif ajymcJjh cif;rsm;
wdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm;u arQmfvifhrI? tm;xm;rI SdcJhMuonf/ odkYaomf pmar;yGJatmifpm&if;rSm ,cifpmar;yGJwck\
&mcdkifEIef;xufyif ausmfvGefjcif;rSdonfudk awGU&onf/ odkYtwGuf ausmif;om;rsm; vGefpGmepfem&NyD; wzufwGif
(2) cguspepfEiS hf &ifqikd &f jyefonf/ onfukd wuov
kd t
f "dywd Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfoYkd yefMum;jcif;? awGUqHjk cif;jzifh
tjynfhtpHk wifjySif;vif;cJhonf/ wuodkvft"dywdrSvnf; aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJusif;ya&;udk ZGefv (29) &uf
qD;edwftzGJUodkY wifjyay;rnf[k jyefMum;cJhonf/
621
1960 ck? ZGev
f (29) &ufaeYonf &efuek w
f uov
kd f armifr,fopfviG af eYjzpfonf/ wuov
kd t
f "dywdonf
xdktcrf;tem;odkY wufa&mufcg rdefYcGef;ajymMum;rnf jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf wuorS ausmif;om;xkESifh t"dywd\
vmjcif;udk aumif;aomvmjcif;tjzpf todtrSwfjyKum BudKqdk&if; ausmif;om;xk\ aemufqufwGJ&a&;udk qEjyum
0dkif;0ef;arwm&yfcHyGJ jyKvkyfcJhonf/
1960 ck? ZGefv (29) &ufaeY nwGif wuodkvfqD;edwf tpnf;ta0;usif;yum wuodkvf aemufqufwGJ
pmar;yGJusif;y ray;EdkifaMumif; qHk;jzwfNyD;vQif xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; kwfjcnf;tHk<uum
(29) &ufaeYnrSmyif ygarmutm; 0dik ;f 0ef;ta&;qdk qEjycJMh uonf/ pdwv
f u
kd rf mefyg tajctaewif;rm;rI rjzpfap&ef
wuorS 0ifa&mufxdef;odrf;cJhonf? wm0ef,lcJhonf/ ygarmucsKyftaejzifh ausmif;om;xkbufrS &yfwnfum
aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJusif;ya&; awmif;qdkay;rnf[k tcdkiftrm uwday;cJhonf/
odYk aomf aemufwaeY (30) reufwiG f uwdzsufvu
kd jf yefco
hJ nf/ xdYk aMumifh aemufqufwpJG mar;yGJ usif;ya&;
ESifh jrefrm&mZ0ifudk oD;jcm;,cifuuJhodkY oifMum;a&;twGuf (30) &ufaeYwGif rD;wkwfudkifqEjyyGJudk wuorS
atmifjrifpmG jyKvkycf o
hJ nf/ xdq
k EjyyGaJ Mumifh Zlvikd v
f (5) &ufaeY Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ek\owif;pmSi;f vif;yGw
J iG f
aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJjyKvkyf jzpfEdkifonfhenf;vrf;udk wifjyvmcJhonf/ ygarmucsKyfrsm; qD;edwftzGJUrSvnf;
oabmwl vufcHcJhayonf/
odkYtajctaersm; jyemrsm; ajyvnfaumif;rGefvmpOfwGif ZGefv (29) &ufESifh (30) &ufaeYrsm;wGif
qEjyjcif;aMumifh ausmif;om;rsm;pnf;urf; azmufzsufonf? xdkYaMumifh ygarmucsKyftm; aemifwGif odkYrusL;vGef
yg[k uwday;awmif;yef&rnf[k ygarmucsKyf (17) OD;u vufrSwfa&;xdk; aMunmcJhonf/ (29) &ufaeY qEjyjcif;
wGif wuorS 0ifa&mufxed ;f odr;f ojzifh at;csr;f oGm;aMumif;udk BudKqdak xmufco
H ifyh gvsuf (30) &ufaeYn wuou
OD;pD;NyD; pepfwusqEjyrIudk Iwfcsxm;ayonf/
wuoonf jzpf&yfudk oabmxm;&mwGif xdkuJhodkY qEjycJhMujcif;onf ausmif;om;xk\ w&m;aom
vdkvm;csuftwGuf rSefuefpGm awmif;qdkcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh wuoESifh ausmif;om;xk\ awmif;qdkqEjyrI
onf rSefuefonf/ odkYaomf rSefuefaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk awmif;qdk&m epfemcsufrsm; BuD;rm; jyKrlrIrsm;udk
rcHr&yfjzpfveG ;f aomaMumifh pdwv
f u
kd rf mefyg jyKrlcrhJ rI sm;Scd ahJ yonf/ xdpk w
d v
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kd rf mefyg jyKrIcrhJ rI sm;twGuf owfowfukd
awmif;yef&ef 0efrav;yg[k aMunmcJhonf/
wuotaeESihf wuov
kd \
f at;csr;f om,ma&;? Nidr;f csr;f pGmynmoifMum;a&;? q&mausmif;om; em;vnfrI
wdk;wufa&;? yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;udk vHk;0vdkvm;ayonf/ xdktcsufrsm; atmifjrifa&;udkvnf; tpOfwpdkuf BudK;pm;
cJhayonf/ odkYaomfvnf; jzpfvmaom jyemrsm;udk ajyvnfpGm ajzSif;Edkif&ef vdktyfonf[k ,lqayonf/
xdkYaMumifh ,if;jyemwGif q&mrsm;taeESifh wm0efSdaom jyemrsm;ay:wGif wm0efSdonf? wm0ef,l
onf[k azmfjyajzSif;&ef vdkayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifhvnf; wm0efSdaom jyemrsm;tay:wGif wm0efSd
aMumif; azmfjyajzSif; wm0ef,l&ef vdkayonf/ rdrdwdkYwm0efSdaom tydkif;rsm;udkwm0ef,l wm0efruif;aMumif;
azmfjyajzSif;MurSomvQif ppfrSefaom q&m? ausmif;om;tMum; qufqHa&; ajyjypfrIudk&rnfjzpfNyD; at;csrf;om,m
aom wuodkvfudk tmCmwrSd zefwD;EdkifMurnfjzpfaMumif; wifjycJhonf/
odkY&mwGif Zlvdkifv (23) &uf wuodkvfqD;edwf tpnf;ta0;rS xdkjyemudk aumifpDodkYvTJum qHk;jzwf&ef
wifxm;qJyif jzpfonf/
aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJudpw
Gif wuoonf oabmxm;rSefuefpGmjzifh ausmif;om;xkESifhwom;wnf; &yf
wnfrIwdkYaMumifh rSefuefaomwdkufyGJrS rSefuefaomatmifjrifrI pmar;yGJudk &Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif q&mESifh
ausmif;om;wdkY\ qufqHa&;wGif wif;rmrItcsKdU Sdaeao;jcif;twGufum; 0rf;enf;zG,fyif jzpfonf/
(q) aq;odyHESifUtif*sifeD,m0ifcGifUt&nftcsif;ppfpmar;yGJ / / &efukefwuodkvf aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ y,fzsuf
jcif;ESifhtwlyif 1960 ckESpf? ESpfOD;ydkif;uyif qD;edwfrS Oypmtxufwef; atmifjrifNyD; vdktyfaomtrSwfrjynfh
aq;odyHESifh tif*sifeD,modkY 0ifcGifhpmar;yGJajzvdkolrsm;tm; trSwfrjynfhaombmomudkom r[kwfbJ bmompHkjyefajz
&rnf jzpfaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/
odkYjyKvkyfjcif;onf aq;odyHESifh tif*sifeD,mwdkYwGif vHkavmufaom toHk;taqmifrsm; rSdjcif;aMumifh[k
twdtvif; 0efcHxm;jcif;Sday&m odkYjyKrIjcif;onf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm; aq;odyHESifh tif*sifeD,modkY
ta&mufenf;yg;&ef? ra&mufvmEdkif&efu vTJ bmrQt"dyg,f rSdacs/
622

odkYtwGuf wuorS awmif;qdkcJhonfhjyif wuo\ ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frSvnf; ZGefv (29) &uf
wuodkvfqD;edwftzGJUodkY wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/ ,ck aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJwGif trSwfrjynfhaom bmomudkom
ajzcGifh&aomfvnf; rludkum; vufcHjcif;rSdao;acs/
(6)
obiftcrf;tem;rsm;
(u) usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJ /
/ &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* 1960-61 \ Ou| usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJ
udk 1959 ck? pufwifbmv (25) &ufaeY? aeYvnf (12) em&Dww
d w
d iG f &efuek w
f uov
kd f ,k'oefcef;r usif;ycJo
h nf/
usrf;opmusdeq
f ykd o
JG Ykd ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;? or*trIaqmifa[mif;rsm;? xifmS ;aomyk*Kd vfBuD;rsm; wufa&muf
Muonf/
1958-59 ckESpf wuoOu|a[mif; udkcifarmiftkef;rSm udkudk;uRef;odkY tydkYcH&aomaMumifh wuo Ou|
a[mif;ESifh EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfa[mif; OD;Eku wdkifay;um Ou|opf udkvSwif usrf;opmusdefqdkcJhonf/
tcrf;tem;wGif txl;{nfhonfawmftjzpf AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZm? yxrqHk; wuoOu| OD;ausmfcif
wdkYrS rdefYcGef;toD;oD; csD;jrifhMuonf/ wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfudk aMunmcJhonf/
xdkusrf;opmusdefqdkyGJtwGuf tpOftvmt& ausmif;aeY0uf ydwfay;aeusudk ygarmucsKyfrS ydwfray;jcif;?
ygarmucsKyfESifh q&mrsm; rwufa&mufMujcif;onf 0rf;enf;p&mjzpfonf/
(c) urmUausmif;om;aeh /
/ Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYudk urmYausmif;om;or* (I.U.S) rS ausmif;om;rsm;
aeY[k owfrSwfum ESpfpOfusif;ycJhonf/ jrefrmjynfwGif urmYausmif;om;aeYudk 1954 ckESpfrSp usif;ycJhonf/
,ckESpf wGifvnf; Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYwGif wuojrufcif;jyifwGif usif;ycJhonf/ urmYausmif;om;aeY rwdkifrD
tBudKaeY rSp jrefrmausmif;om;vIyfSm;rI "gwfyHkwdkYudk vnf;aumif;? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif yef;csDausmfBuD;rsm;\
yef;csDum;trsKd;rsKd;udk vnf;aumif;? wuo pmMunfhcef;rwGif jyocJhonf/ urmYausmif;om;or* ordkif;pmapmifudk
a0 wuooufom acsmifcsda&; pma&;puL? pmtdwf ponfrsm;udv
k nf; a&mif;cscJo
h nf/ Edik if jH cm;rS ynmvma&muf
oif,laeMuaom vlrsKd;jcm;ausmif;om;rsm;rS rdefYcGef;toD;oD; ajymMuonf/ <ua&mufvmaom {nfhonfrsm;tm;
tauR;tarG;ESifh {nfhcHNyD; kyfSifjyum azsmfajzcJhonf/
(*) trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeh /
/ (39) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYudk 1959 ck? Edk0ifbmv (25) &ufaeYwGif
wuo? Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfEiS hf &uoausmif;om;or* (3) ckrS yl;wGu
J sif;ycJo
h nf/ Adv
k cf sKyfae0if;tpd;k &ESihf vlxt
k zGUJ
tpnf;rsm;odkY wckwnf;aom trsKd;om;aeY usif;ya&;twGuf yefMum;cJhonf/ (39) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeY
udk wuov
kd ef ,fajr? Adv
k af tmifausm&f ifjyif usi;f ycJo
h nf/ trsK;d om;nDw
G af &;wnfaqmufa&;? trsK;d om;ynma&;
wnfaqmufa&;ESihf trsK;d om;vGwv
f yfa&; xde;f odr;f a&;paom tqdrk sm;wifoiG ;f qH;k jzwfco
hJ nf/ a[majymcsurf sm;udk
tpdk;&rS toHoGif;,lcJhonf/ trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYnwGif yef;csDjyyGJ? ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rI "gwfyHkjyyGJ? tNidrfhuyGJ?
wuo &efyakH iGtwGuf pmaomufqikd rf sm; a&mif;jcif;rsm;ESihf wuo taqmuftODukd rD;xGe;f njd cif;rsm; jyKvkycf o
hJ nf/
(C) q|rtBudrfajrmufwuodkvfESifUaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJ /
/ q|rtBudrfajrmuf wuodkvfESifhaumvdyf
aygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk 1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (7-8-9) &ufaeYrsm;wGif wuo taqmuftOD usif;yjyKvkyfcJh
onf/ &efukefwuodkvf? rEav;wuodkvf? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf? rauG;Oypmaumvdyf? ausmufjzLOypmaum
vdy?f ykord Of ypmaumvdyf or*rsm;ESihf &efuek af q;odyEH iS hf tif*sife,
D mausmif;om;or*? oufBuD;wuov
kd af usmif;
om;or*? ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;? o,m,ESihf pmzwftoif;aygif;csKyf? &efuek cf kid af usmif;om;or*EiS hf Auorsm;
tzGUJ csKyf? o,m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rsm; yg0ifum ud,
k pf m;vS,f (47) a,muf? avhvmol (21) a,mufwYkd wufa&muf
Muonf/
xdkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm; tajctae? ausmif;pnf;urf;? ausmif;om;nDGwfa&; oabm
xm;? zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm; jyefvTwfa&;ESifh 0&rf;ausmif;om;rsm; jyefvnfkyfodrf;ay;a&; yefMum;csuf?
wuodkvfOya'jyifqifcsuf uefYuGufNyD;? aumifpDwGif oefYSif;rS 0ifa&muftaG;cHjcif;udk 0rf;enf;aMumif;rsm;udk
xkwjf yef&ef oabmwlcMhJ uonf/ pkaygif;awmif;qkMd u&eftwGuf jy|mef;vdu
k af om oabmwlncD sufrsm;udk csrSwEf ikd cf hJ
623
onf/ wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifaom ta&;rsm;ESifhywfouf jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;nDGwfa&; wnf
aqmufa&; yefMum;csux
f w
k &f efEiS hf Edik if w
H uma&;&moabmxm;ESihf aqmifu
G &f eftMuHay;csurf sm;udk jy|mef;Edik cf o
hJ nf/
(i) Adkvfatmifausmfaeh /
/ (21) Mudrfajrmuf AdkvfausmfaeY tcrf;tem;udk 1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (20) &ufaeY
wGif Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf? &uowdYk EiS hf yl;wGu
J m Adv
k af tmifausmf\ ocFsKdi;f *lwiG pf k ;kH oGm;a&muf yef;acGrsm;cs t"d|mef
pmwrf;zwfMum; t"d|mefjyKcJhonf/
(p) [,f&Dwefaeh /
/ pwkwtBudrfajrmuf [,f&DwefaeYudk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifyl;wGJum 1960
ck? rwfv (22) &ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfcJhonf/ or* (3) ckrS trIaqmifrsm; pka0;NyD; [,f&Dweftkwf*lSd MuHawmokef
odkY vGrf;olYyef;acG oGm;a&mufcsum t"d|mefpmwrf; zwfMum;cJhonf/
(q) trIaqmifrsm;tzrf;cH&aomESpfvnfaeh / / 1959 ck? {NyDv (3) &ufaeYwGif vufeufudkifwyfom; (200)
ausmfwdkYonf wuo taqmuftODudk 0dkif;0ef;um wuoOu| udkcifarmiftkef;? twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif; udkatmif
bef;wdkYudk zrf;qD;cJhMuonf/ wuotrIaqmif wOD;jzpfaom udkzdk;omab;tm;vnf; if;\aetdrfwGif zrf;qD;jcif;
jyKcJhonf/ wcsdefwnf;wGif wuo 'k-Ou| udkbaumif;? wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkcifatmif? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf
udkaZmf0if;wdkYrSm wdrf;aSmifaecJh&onf/ zrf;qD;cH&aomausmif;om;rsm;rSm udkudk;uRef;odkY tydkYcH&onf/ xdktzrf;cH
&aom ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhtwl rEav;wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;? txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm; vTwf&efESifh 0&rf;
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; 0&rf;kyo
f rd ;f &ef wESpaf jrmufaeYwiG f awmif;qdck o
hJ nf/ xdak eYwiG f ydpk wmrsm;uyfjcif;? 0rf;enf;aom
txdrf;trSwftjzpf tvHeufrsm; vTifhxljcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/
(Z) udkvdkeDpepf qefhusifa&;aeh /
/ {NyDv (24) &ufaeYonf EdkifiHwumvli,fausmif;om;rsm;\ udkvdkeD
pepfqefYusifa&;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGm,SOfwGJaexdkifa&;aeY jzpfonf/ 1955 ck? {NyDv (24) &ufaeYwGif tif'dkeD;Sm;jynf
befa'gif;NrKdUwGif tif'dkeD;Sm;? tdEd,? oD[dkVf? wkwfjynfolYorwEdkifiH? jrefrmEdkifiH (5) EdkifiHrS OD;aqmif tmStmz&duwdkif;jynfrsm; yg0ifonfh befa'gif;nDvmcHudk usif;ycJhMuonf/ xdknDvmcHrS udkvdkeDpepfqefYusifa&;ESifh
Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,SOfwGJaexdkifa&;udk csrSwfcJhayonf/
xdkaeYwGif wuoonf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? jynfolUvli,ftzGJUcsKyfwdkYESifh yl;wGJum udkvdkeDpepfqefYusifa&;?
Nidrf;csrf;pGm,SOfwGJaexdkifa&; atmifjrifa&;twGuf wdkufyGJ0if&ef aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefcJhonf/
(ps) tmZmenfaeh /
/ 1960 ck? Zlvdkifv (19) &ufonf AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhwuG trsKd;om;acgif;
aqmifBuD;rsm; usqHk;onhf (13) ESpfajrmufaeY jzpfonf/ trsKd;om;ynma&;? trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&; AdokumBuD;rsm;
tm; owd&OD;GwfonfhtaeESifh wuo? Auo? &uoESifh wef;cGJwef;cswdkufyGJaumfrwDrsm; yl;aygif;um tmZmenf
AdrmefodkY csDwuftav;jyKum wdkifwnfyGJ usif;ycJhMuonf/
(n) udkudk;uRef;jyefrsm;*kPfjyKyGJ /
/ 1958 ck? atmufwdkbmvwGif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tm; oefYSif;zqyvrS
tmPm vTJajymif;ay;pOfu wuoonf tjyif;txef uefYuGufqEjycJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifhyif wuotm; EdkifiHa&;
tmCmwrsm;xm;um 1959 ck? {NyDv (5) &ufaeYwGif wuoOu| udkcifarmiftkef;? trIaqmif udkzdk;omab;ESifh
twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif; udkatmifbef;wdkYtm; zrf;qD; udkudk;uRef;odkY ydkYaqmifcJhayonf/ (13) vausmfrQ tcsKyf
taESmifcH&NyD; 1960 ck? arv (14) &ufaeYwGif jyefvnfvGwfvmcJhayonf/ rSefuefaom wdkufyGJrsm;? vIyfSm;rIrsm;
udk axmufcHum tcdkiftrmjyK&if; vli,fESifhausmif;om; acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; *kPfjyK&efvdkayonf/
odkYtwGuf 1960 ck? arv (21) &ufaeYwGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;? toif;tzGJUrsm;udk zdwfMum; wuo?
AouESifh jynfolYvli,ftzGJUcsKyfwdkYrS BuD;rSL;um *kPfjyKyGJ jyKvkyfcJhonf/
624

(7)
taxGaxGvkyfief;rsm;
1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (7) &ufaeYwiG f &efuek w
f uov
kd f "gwkaA'Xme ygarmuq&mOD;bd;k omonf uG,v
f eG f
tedpa &mufcJhayonf/ &efukefwuodkvfwGif (35) ESpfMumrQ trIxrf;cJhaom ynmSifq&mwOD; uG,fvGefoGm;jcif;udk
wuorS0rf;enf;aMumif; aMunm wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pHak qG;aEG;yGJ ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESit
hf wl ydYk aqmifco
hJ nf/
wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckefupm;yGJudk ausmif;om;or*rS ESpfpOfusif;ycJhMuonf/ xdkodkY usif;y
&mwGif wuodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumifpDrS aiGESifh tjcm;tultnDrsm; ay;jrJjzpf odkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh 1959-60 ckESpf
ajy;ckefupm;yGJtwGuf wuodkvfaumifpDrS aiG (2000) usyf xkwfay;&ef taMumif;Mum;cJhonf/ odkYaomf r&cJhyg/
1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (18) &ufwiG f usi;f ycJah om &efuek w
f uov
kd f bGUJ ESi;f obiftcrf;tem;wGif wuov
kd f
t"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfae0if;\ rdefYcGef;tm; wuorS BudKqdkcJhonf/ rdefYcGef;wGif ]q&m? ausmif;om;
jyemudk Oyrmjy b,fudprqdk jyifyya,m*r0if&if q&mESifUausmif;om; ndEIdif;ajzSif;vdkh&aMumif;}? ynma&;
pepfESifhywfouf ]vufydS nma&;pepfBu;D udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ&efvt
kd yfaMumif;? acwfEiS &Uf ifabmifwef;Edik af om ynma&;
pDrHudef;rsm;vdkaMumif;} jzifh ajymqdkcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifhwuorS BudKqdkaxmufcHjcif; jyKcJhonf/
1959-60 ckEpS f pmar;yGrJ sm; ajzqd&k awmhrnft
h wGuf ausmif;om;rsm; pmMunfEh ikd &f ef wuo tpnf;ta0;
cef;rtm; eHeufcif;rS n (12) em&Dxd zGifhvSpf Zefe0g&D (26) &ufaeYrS pwifcGifhjyKcJhonf/ pmMunfhEdkifa&;twGuf
tpDtpOfESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jyKvkyfay;cJhonf/
&efuek w
f uov
kd ?f yif;,aqmif o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif; trIaqmif? or*0if ud0k if;armifonf azazmf0g&D
v (22) &ufaeYnu uG,v
f eG t
f edp a&mufcjhJ cif;? ynma&;XmerS aeYausmif;olwOD;jzpfol rwifwifat; (bDattD;'D)
yxrESpfonf 1960 ck? rwfv (6) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGeftedpa&mufcJhjcif;? oxHkausmif;aqmif 0dZmodyH (u)
wef; ausmif;om; udkcspf0dwfonf 1960 ck? {NyDv (2) &ufwGif uG,fvGeftedpa&mufjcif;wdkYudk wuorS tokb
ydkYaqmifcJhonf/
1960 ckESpf? Zlvvdkif (7) &ufaeY t*Fvefjynf? udef;b&pfNrdKUwGif ygarmuq&mBuD; zmeDA,f uG,fvGef
tedp a&mufomG ;cJo
h nf/ q&mBuD;onf jrefrmjynfwiG f 1902 ckEpS rf pS tdik pf t
D ufpb
f 0ESihf trIxrf;cJNh yD; e,fcsJUacwf
vGwv
f yfa&;acwf wavQmufv;kH ESihf uG,v
f eG o
f nfah eYtxd jrefrmjynf\ okawoevkyif ef;rsm;udk tpOfwpdu
k v
f yk cf o
hJ l
jzpf\/ xdkYtwGuf wuorS q&mBuD;uG,fvGefojzifh rsm;pGm0rf;enf;aMumif; aMunmcJhonf/
rEav;aqmifwGif tpm;taomufrsm;aMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; rl;a0atmhtefum "gwfavQmukefMu\/
odYk twGuf ausmif;aqmift&mSrd w
S qifh ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDoYkd xdu
k o
f ifo
h vdk ta&;,laqmifu
G yf g&ef taMumif;
Mum;cJhonf/
(8)
Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;
(u) jyefMum;a&;Xme /
/ wuo owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;XmerS tcgtm;avsmfpGm owif;vTmrsm; xkwfa0
cJhonf/ wuo\vkyfief;rsm;? oabmxm;rsm;? owif;rsm;udk ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;xkodkY rjywfjzefYcsdcJhonf/
wBudrfvQif apmifa& (2000) cefYdkuf xkwfa0cJhonf/ 1960-61 ckESpf armifr,fopfvGif tBudKowif;vTm
xkwfa0cJhonf/
(c) oufomacsmifcsda&;Xme /
/ wuo oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerS zGifhvSpfxm;aomqdkifudk 1959-60 ck
ESpfpwGif wdk;csJUvkyfudkifjcif; jyKcJhonf/ wuodkvfor0g,r? tif;0pmtkyfwdkufESifh tquftoG,frsm;,lum pmtdwf?
pma&; puLESifh pmtkyfrsm;omru qyfjym? riftdk;? oGm;wdkufaq;? tvSukeftcsKdUudk wdk;csJUa&mif;cscJhonf/ yvyfpwpf
ypn;f rsm;ESihf ywfoufvnf; rSwyf w
kH ifuwfrsm;udk a&mif;csEikd cf o
hJ nf/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyEf iS hf rEav;wuov
kd f
ausmif;om;or*rsm;odYk vnf; oufomacsmifcsad &;XmerS jzefYcsu
d m wifyYkdppD OfEikd cf o
hJ nf/ odYk &mwGif 1959 ck ukeq
f ;kH csed f
ydkif;rsm;wGifum; ypnf;Sm;yg;rI? aiGaMu;tcuftcJrsm;aMumifh qdkifydwfxm;cJh&ayonf/
(*) vlxkqufqHa&;Xme /
/ wuo vlxkqufoG,fa&;Xmeonf wuovkyfief;ESifh a&mpyfvsufSdonf
omrsm;ayonf/ jrefrmwdkY\ pmayavmu*kPfjyKjcif; txdrf;trSwfjzpfaom pmqdkawmfaeYudk ewfawmfvqef; (1)
625
&ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfusif;yjrJ jzpfayonf/ pmqdkawmfaeY\ tBudKaeYjzpfaom 1959 ck? Edk0ifbmv (29) &ufaeYnwGif
uavmiftoif;? pme,fZif;toif;wdYk EiS hf wuowdYk yl;aygif;um wuo taqmuftODwiG f pmqdyk nmSirf sm;jzpfaom
OD;at;armif? OD;azarmifwif? OD;odef;[ef? rif;ok0PfwdkYtm; uefawmhylaZmfyGJjyKvkyfum vli,fpma&;q&mrsm;\
a[majymyGJrsm;udk jyKvkyfcJhonf/
(C) upm;ckefpm;ESifU,Ofaus;rIXme / / wuo upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rIXmeonf wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;
\ tm;upm;avmu tqifhtwef;jrifha&;twGuf wuodkvfq&mrsm\ vspfvsLIjcif;cHae&aom wuodkvftm;
upm;avmu zGUH NzdK;ap&ef ulnt
D m;ay;cJo
h nf/ jyify tm;upm;NydKifyrJG sm;wGif yg0if,OS Nf ydKifaom wuov
kd rf S tm;upm;
toif;tzGJUESifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; txl;tm;ay;cJhMuonf/
wuodkvfESpfywfvnf ajy;ckefupm;yGJ ydkrdkpnfum;a&;twGuf yg0ifaqmifGufcJhonf/ 1959 ckESpf 'DZifbm
vwGif ,d;k ',m;jynf? befaumufNrdKU usi;f yaom taSUawmiftmSro
d m;pk tdv
k yH pfNydKifyt
JG wGuf aG;cs,jf cif;cH&aom
wuodkvfrS tm;upm;orm; (17) OD;tm; *kPfjyKyGJjzpfajrmuf&ef BudK;pm;aqmifGuf atmifjrifcJhayonf/
1959 ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif tdEd,jynf? tm*&mNrdKU usif;yjyKvkyfaom wuodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk
ajy;ckeu
f pm;yGo
J Ykd &efuek w
f uov
kd rf S xl;cReaf om tm;upm;orm;rsm; yg0if,OS Nf ydKifEikd af &;twGuf wuov
kd t
f m;upm;
aumifpDrSwqifh ygarmucsKyfxHodkY awmif;qdkay;cJhonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; &efukefwuodkvfrS tm;upm;orm; (8)
OD; yg0if,OS Nf ydKifciG hf &Scd ahJ yonf/ jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f pmtkypf mwrf;rsm; Sm;yg;onft
h wGuf Edik if jH cm;wuov
kd rf S tm;upm;
pmtkyfrsm; vSL'gef;Edkif&ef pmjzifha&;om; tultnDawmif;cJhonf/ tcsKdUw0uf&SdcJhonf/
urmYausmif;om;or* 'k-Ou| rpwmtbl*pf'g&D\ a,bk,sowif;ay;csuft& 1961 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv
wGif blvaf *;&D;,m;jynf? qdzk ,
D mNrdKU usi;f yrnfjzpfaom urmYwuov
kd af ygif;pHk ajy;ckeu
f pm;yGw
J iG f &efuek w
f uov
kd f
rS xl;cRefaom tm;upm;orm;rsm; yg0if,SOfNydKifEdkifa&;udk wuodkvf upm;ckefpm;aumifpDwGif wifjy&m rltm;jzifh
vufcHvdkufNyD; jzpfonf/
&efuek w
f uov
kd f upm;ckepf m;aumifpw
D iG f q&m (5) OD;ESihf wuo ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,f (5) OD;yg0ifc&hJ m
EdkifiHjcm;rS enf;jyq&m awmif;,la&;udk upm;ckefpm;aumifpDwGif wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ xdkYtwGuf tar&duefjynf
zl;(vf)bdu
k pf rD u
H ed ;f rS bwfpuwfabm? abmfvaD bm? wif;epfEiS hf a&ul;wdYk twGuf enf;jyq&m rpwm'pfabmif;0g;
ESifh ZeD;wdkY rMumrDu a&mufSdvmcJhayonf/
wuov
kd t
f av;r tm;upm;HBk uD;wGif upm;ol vlO;D a&ESihf rnDrQvmonfwYkdukd awGUS
d taqmuftODopf
wdk;csJUa&;udk awmif;qdkay;cJh&m &SdcJhayonf/
&efuek w
f uov
kd f wBudrw
f cgrQ avhvmqefppfjcif; rjyKvkycf b
hJ ;l aom &efuek w
f uov
kd f tm;upm;avmu
ppfwrf;wapmifudk a&;om; wuodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumifpDodkY wifoGif;EdkifcJhonf/ b@maiG tcuftcJSdrlaMumifh
wuodkvfESifh aumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckef;upm;yGJ rjyKvkyfEdkifcJh/ tm;upm;owif;pOf pmapmifrsm; rxkwfEdkifcJhay/
wuodkvf tm;upm;toif;tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJw&yfudkvnf; Mo*kwfv wwd,ywftwGif;
jyKvkyf&ef pDpOfxm;onf/
1959 ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif jyKvkyfaom rEav;wuodkvf aiG&wkobifyGJodkY udk,fpm;vS,f vTwfjcif;?
wuo\ pDrHuGyfuJrIjzifh jyZmwfyg0ifujy EdkifcJhjcif;rsm;jzifh ulnDcJhonf/
(i) tdk;a0r*Zif;Xme /
/ tdk;a0r*Zif;onf &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*\ a<u;aMumfoHjzpfonf/
Zmwdrmefwuf<uzG,f pmrlrsm;? pmayajrmufaom pmaumif;ayrGefrsm;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? rdwfaqGjzpfa&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rI
jrifhwifa&; wdkYtwGuf &nfoef xkwfa0cJhayonf/
1950-60 ckESpfonf wuo\ tESpf (30) ajrmufaom ESpfumvjzpfonf/ tdk;a0r*Zif;udk txl;xkwf
jzpfvo
kd nf/ odYk &mwGif &efyakH iG tcuftcJrmS rwnfaiGyif rSjd zpfco
hJ nf/ odYk twGuf &efyakH iGrsm;udk vdu
k v
f aH umufcu
H m
rwnfaiGSmazGcJh&onf/ yHkESdyfwdkufrSvnf; aiGaMu;twGuf rsm;pGmulnDcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifhrsm;pGmaom tcuftcJMum;
rSyif ESpf (30) ajrmuf wuo\ tdk;a0r*Zif;onf wrlxl;jcm;pGm xkwfa0Edkifayawmhrnf jzpfonf/ 1960 ck?
Mo*kwfvtwGif; xGufvmEdkifrnf jzpfonf/
(p) EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;Xme /
626
/ ausmif;om;xkESifh jynfolvlxktwGuf wuo\ ajymifajrmufaom wdkuf

yGrJ sm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? urmYausmif;om;tcsif;csif; aoG;pnf;nDw
G af &;vkyif ef;rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? wuo
\ *kPfodumonf urmYwdkif;jynfrsm;wGif xifSm;ay:vGifcJhonf/ EdkifiHwum ausmif;om;avmuwGif xifSm;onfh
tzGYJ tpnf;rsm;jzpfonfh (IUS/ Cosec) ESpcf pk vH;k ESihf wuoonf qufo,
G cf o
hJ nf/ qufo,
G &f mwGif tajccHEpS cf suf
ay:wGif rlwnfNyD; qufoG,fcJhonf/
1/ EdkifiHwum ausmif;om;nDGwfa&; wnfaqmufa&;ESifh tvkyfwlyl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;/
2/ e,fcsJUqefYusifwdkufzsufa&;ESifh urmNidrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmufa&; ponfwdkY jzpfonf/
yrtBudraf jrmuf urmausmif;om;rsm;tzGUJ csKyf uGe*f &ufNyD;ajrmufNyD; aemufyikd ;f umvwGif taSUawmifyikd ;f
Sd ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh wuoonf qufoG,frIwGif txl;wdk;wuf aumif;rGefvmcJhonf/
awmiftmz&duwdkufSd ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ vljzLvlrJcGJjcm;csuf wdkufzsufa&;wdkufyGJ? tJvf*sD;&D;,m;Sd
ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wkdufyGJ? awmifudk&D;,m; ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ qpfref&D;
zufqpftmPmSiftpdk;& wdkufzsufa&;wdkufyGJ? wl&uDSd ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ ref;ZD;zufqpftmPmSiftpdk;&
wdu
k zf suaf &;wdu
k yf ?JG *syefdS ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ tar&duef wynfh tvdak wmf&d uDdS tpd;k &zsuaf &;? *syefjynftm;
uRefjyKvkyfrnfh *syef-tar&duef ppfajyNidrf;a&;pmcsKyf zsufodrf;a&;ESifh [dkuf'dk*sif-tEkjrLAHk; rprf;oyfrazmufcGJa&;?
vHk;0ydwfyifa&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;wdkufyGJwdkYudk wuorS axmufcHcJhonf/
wuoonf urmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYudk Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYwGif wcrf;wem; atmifjrifpGmusif;yjyK
vkyEf ikd cf o
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f m;jzifh
azsmfajzjcif;rsm;jzifh usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ EdkifiHwumrS ynmoifrsm; pHknDpGm wufa&mufqifEGJcJhMuonf/
qdk ,
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H umSd ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf wuoqufo,
G &f mwGif tquftoG,f
vG,fulonf/ qdkS,fvpfwdkif;jynfSd ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh wuoqufoG,f&mwGif EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&
onf qufoG,fa&;udk xdef;csKyfcs,fvS,frIrsm; jyKcJhonf/
urmYausmif;om;or*rS 'k-Ou| rpwmtbl*pf'g&DESifh tzGJU0if (1) OD;jzpfaom qefwdkqmwdkYonf jrefrm
EdkifiHodkY a&mufSdNyD; wuotrIaqmifrsm;ESifh w&m;0ifaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ odkYtwGuf urmYausmif;om;rsm;or*ESifh
wuo qufoG,fa&;onfvnf; ydkrdkwdk;wufvmcJhonf/
EdkifiHwum ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS usif;yjyKvkyfaom ESD;aESmzvS,faqG;aEG;yGJrsm;? uGefz&ifhESifh
uGef*&ufrsm;odkY wuorS udk,fpm;vS,fwufa&muf&ef tcsdefrD zdwfMum;cJhMuonf/
(6) Budrfajrmuf urmYausmif;om;rsm;or*tzGJUcsKyf uGef*&uf (atmufwdkbmvtwGif; tD&wfEdkifiH? buf*
'ufNrdKUawmf) odkY wufa&muf&ef urmYausmif;om;rsm;or*rS zdwfMum;cJhonf/
(9) Budraf jrmuf Edik if w
H umausmif;om;uGe*f &uf (Mo*kwv
f 21-31? qGpZf mvef) odYk Cosec rSvnf;aumif;?
tmSa'oE& ESD;aESmzvS,faqG;aEG;yGJ (rwfv 21 &uf {NyDv 8 &uf? rav;jynf) odkY Cosec rSvnf;aumif;?
wwd,tBudraf jrmuf Edik if w
H umausmif;om;rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG (pufwifbmv 1-11 &uf? pawmh[rk ;f ) odYk pawmh[rk ;f
A[dkausmif;om;rsm;tpnf;tHk;rS vnf;aumif;? aEG&moDausmif;oifwef; (Zlvdkifv 1-14 &uf? Crimea) odkY
qdkAD,ufEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;aumifpDrSvnf;aumif;? (11) Budrfajrmuf EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;
ESD;aESmzvS,faqG;aEG;yGJ (Mo*kwfv 5-13 &uf qGD'if) odkY qGD'ifEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*rS vnf;aumif;?
(7) Budrfajrmuf EdkifiHwumausmif;om;uGefz&ifh (Zlvdkifv 18 - Mo*kwfv 14? *syef) odkY EdkifiHwum ausmif;om;rsm;
toif;? *syefrS vnf;aumif;? yxrtBudrfajrmuf EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,faqG;aEG;yGJ (Zlvdkifv 1727 &uf? ,l*dkpvyf) odkY ,l*dkpvyfEdkifiHausmif;om;rsm;or*rS vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHwumvli,faqG;aEG;yGJ ({NyDv
17-22 &uf? taemufbmvif) odYk wuotm; A.I.J (WR) rS vnf;aumif;? wufa&muf&ef zdwMf um;jcif;cHc&hJ onf/
xdkzdwfMum;csufrsm;udk wuoonf vufcH&Sdjim;aomfvnf; tajctaet&yf&yfrsm;aMumifh yg0ifaqG;aEG;
Edkifjcif; rSdcJhacs/ tajctaetusyfwnf; Mum;xJrS twwfEdkifqHk;BudK;pm;NyD; (6) Budrfajrmuf urmYausmif;om;or*
tzGJUcsKyfuGef*&ufodkY wuorS udk,fpm;vS,f wufa&mufEdkif&ef qufvufBudK;yrf; oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
(9)
aus;Zl;wif&Sdjcif;
1959-60 ckESpf wuotrIaqmif\ vkyfief;rsm;udk wifjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/
wuoaG;aumufyGJtwGuf aqmifGufay;aom aG;aumufyGJBuD;Muyfa&;tzGJUESifh q&m? q&mrrsm;tm;
627
vnf;aumif;? urmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYESifh trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeY jyyGJjyKvkyf&mwGif wm0ef,laqmifGufay;aom yef;csD
q&m OD;eef;a0tm;vnf;aumif;? "gwfyjkH yyGw
J iG f "gwfyrkH sm;pkaqmif;pdu
k x
f w
k af y;aom [Hom0wD owif;pmrS OD;aTarmif
tm;vnf;aumif;? rEav;aiG&wkobifoYkd uyGt
J ultnDay;&mwGif wm0efcu
H n
l aD y;aom vli,f'gdu
k w
f m wuov
kd f
jrwfav;tm;vnf;aumif;? w,fvDzHk;aMu;ray;qyfEdkifojzifh jyefvnfwyfqifay;&efBudK;pm;&m aiG (100) vSLay;
aom EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ektm;vnf;aumif;? aiG (100) vSLay;aom wuoxrif;qdkifrS a':MunfMunftm;vnf;
aumif;? tdk;a0r*Zif; xkwfEdkifa&;twGuf rwnfaiGvSL'gef;yg0ifMuaom trIaqmifa[mif;rsm;? t&mSdBuD;rsm;?
ukefonfrsm;? owif;pmwdkufrsm;tm;vnf;aumif; wuorS txl;aus;Zl;wifSdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/
(10)
ed*Hk;
&Jabmfw-hkd
1959-60 or*oufwef;onf? ql;ajimifhcvkwfrsm;jzifh jynfhvQrf;aeaom tMurf;wrf;qHk;c&D; jzpfonf/
wjynfvHk;wGif 'Drdkua&pDqdwfokOf;um? jynfolw&yfvHk;rSm tylvHk;<uvsufSdaom umvjzpfonf/ jyif;xefaom
rkew
f ikd ;f Mum;0,f or*onf rm;rm;&yfEikd pf rG ;f ygrnfavm[l &ifwrrjzpfc&hJ onf/ ]ausmif;om;jynfot
l m;udk rnforl Q
rwm;Edik ?f wm;qD;Edik af om&mZ0ifonf urmwGirf S}d [laom oabmudk wkwjf ynfoYl orwEdik if H ausmif;om;jynfow
l Ykd
\wdu
k yf ?JG tm&yfjynfaxmifpo
k rwEdik if H ausmif;om;wdYk \ wdu
k yf ?JG tD&wfausmif;om;wdYk \ wdu
k yf ?JG *syefjynfausmif;
om;vli,frsm;\ *syef-tar&duef pmcsKyfzsufodrf;a&;ESifh uDSDtpdk;& EkwfxGufay;a&;wdkufyGJ? awmiftmz&duESifh
tJvf*sD;&D;,m; ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJ? awmifudk&D;,m;ESifh wl&uDSd ausmif;om;
vli,fwdkY\ zufqpftmPmSiftpdk;& wdkufzsufa&;wdkufyGJrsm;wGif txiftSm;jyvsuf Sdacsonf/
or*&aJ bmfw-hkd
wuoonf BuD;rm;aomtE&m,fESifh &ifqdkifcJh&NyD; ausmif;om;jynfolwdkYtwGuf aqmifGufcsufrsm;?
wuovkyif ef;wdYk ukd zsufq;D &ef w&m;rJph mG vkyMf uHjcif;rsm; cHcMhJ u&onf/ odYk wapvnf; igwdYk wuoonf oufwrf;
(30) jynfah jrmufco
hJ nfwikd af tmif ausmif;om;xktwGuf ud,
k u
f sKd;rzufaom&mZ0if? jynfov
l x
l t
k wGuf opmrzsuf
cJhaom tpOftvmrsm;udk tav;teufjyKum MuHUMuHUcH &yfwnfEdkifpGrf;cJhMuonf/ ausmif;om;jynfolwdkY tm;aMumifh
'Dru
kd a&pD\ qefYusib
f uftrdu
k o
f m;rsm;onf ,m,Dtm;jzifh z,fmS ;oGm;cJah yonf/ odYkaomf qufvuf BudK;yrf;&ay
OD;rnf? or*ysujf ym;ap&ef MuH,
G cf surf sm;Sad eay&m or*wnfwchH ikd jf rJa&;twGuf qufvufcsw
D ufMu&ef vkad yonf/
rSefuefaom oabmxm;ESifh ausmif;om;jynfolwdkY\ tiftm;onf atmifyGJudk qifETJEdkifrnfomwnf;/
-
igwdkhtm;um; ausmif;om;? igwdkhvufeufum; or*

ynma&;vkyfaqmifcsuf uefhuGufMu
or*wnfjrJa&; xdef;odrf;umuG,fMu
wuodkvfausmif;om;or* t"GefhSnfwnfjrJygap
aehpGJ- 1960 ck? Mo*kwfv 7 &uf (tdk;a0ESpfvnfpmapmif)
628
(yH)k
pdef0if;
'k-Ou|
(1959-60)
OD;vSwif
(1959-60)
u&ifjynfe,f? bm;tHNrKdUwGif arG;zGm;onf/ 1955-56 ckwGif armfvNrKdifOypmaumvdyfwGif ynmqnf;yl;

1957-58 wGif &efukefwuodkvf qufvuf ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1958-59ckwGif wuotrIaqmiftzGJU
td;k a0r*Zif; t,f'w
D mtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH& 1959-60 ckwiG f wuoOu|jzpfonf/ Ou|opf usr;f opm
used q
f ykd w
JG iG f xdpk Ofu oefYiS ;f zqyv Ou|jzpfol ,ckEikd if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfO;D Eku opmqdak y;onf/
'Drdkua&pDa&; arSmifuscsdef wuoonf tusyftwnf;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifcJh&onf/ wuo\ tcGifhta&;rsm;
kyo
f rd ;f cH&onf/ wuov
kd af umifpo
D nf or*0ifaMu;rsm; aumufcaH y;&mrS &yfqikd ;f ypfco
hJ nf/
ausmif;aqmifaecGifh pnf;urf;udk jyifqifum ae&mcsxm;rI ajymif;vJrIrsm;aMumifh ausmif;om;qEjyyGJrsm;
ay:cJo
h nf/ atmufwb
kd mausmif;ydw&f ufwiG f ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;aqmifaecGiEhf iS hf ywfouf rD;wkwu
f ikd f
qEjyyGrJ sm;jzpfco
hJ nf/ wuov
kd t
f mPmydik rf sm;u awmif;yef&rnf[k tusyfuikd jf cif;cHc&hJ onf/
wuov
kd f tufOya'jyifqifcsut
f & ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,f wuov
kd af umifpD vlBuD; (2) OD;udk ausmif;om;
xk rJqEjzifhaG;cs,f&m wuorS wifoGif;aom udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; aG;cs,fcH&onf/
wuov
kd w
f iG f pmayoifMum;ydYkcs&m bmom&yfrsm;ESiyhf wfouf ajymif;vJjcif;rsm; jyKvyk cf \
hJ / jrefrm&mZ0ifukd
bmomw&yftjzpf oifMum;ae&mrS &yfqikd ;f ypfojzifh ausmif;om;jynforl sm;u uefYuu
G Mf uonf/ wuov
kd f
aemufqufwJG pmar;yGu
J si;f ya&;twGuf BuD;rm;aom ausmif;om;xkqEjyrIBuD;rsm; ay:aygufco
hJ nf/ ygarmu
csKyftrd u
f kd 0dik ;f ta&;qdjk cif;rsm; jzpfco
hJ nf/ wuov
kd t
f "dywd Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;Eku jrefrm&mZ0ifukd
qufvufoifMum;apjcif;? aemufqufwJG pmar;yGu
J si;f y&ef wdu
k w
f eG ;f qH;k jzwfjcif;rsm; jyKco
hJ nf/ aemufqufwJG
pmar;yGrJ sm;udk pufwifbmvwGif usif;yay;cJo
h nf/
udkvSwifonf wuodkvf qufvufynm qnf;yl;qJjzpf\/
(wzufpmrsuEf mS rS)
udkpdef0if; (oHk;cG)- 1959-60 ck wuo ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmonf wuoordkif;wGif txl;jcm;qHk; tjynfhpHkqHk;xJrS wckjzpfonf/
1971 ck? arvrS ZGefvtxd uRef;pepfzsufodrf;a&; tpmiwfcHqEjywdkufyJGwGif wdkufyJG0ifcJhNyD;? uRef;pepfysufNyD; tif;pdef
(wJGzufaxmif) odkY olYtm; vlemxrf;pOfjzifho,fum uRef;wdkuf tusOf;csxm;cJhonf/ uRef;wdkufyJG aemufxyf
ESp&f ufo;kH &ufqufygu udpk ed 0f if;yg aoqH;k oGm;Edik o
f nf/ if;'Pfrsm;aMumifh aoqH;k csed t
f xd use;f rma&;csKUd ,Gi;f cJ&h onf/
aemufq;kH tBudrf axmifxaJ &muf awmhvnf; if;'Pfrsm;aMumifyh if uG,v
f eG cf o
hJ nf/ (OD;vSaz rSwcf suf- jirf;? udpk ed 0f if;oHk;cG? pm- 12? trSwfpOf- 4? ar 2000/ w,fvDzkef;ar;jref;csuf)
1988 ck? pufwifbmv ppfwyftmPmodrf;tNyD; e,fpyfodkYxGuftvm rlvusef;rma&; csKdU,Gif;aom'PfaMumifh vrf;c&D;
zifhaES;aeNyD; ajcaxmufwGif'Pf&m&um e0w\ zrf;qD;jcif;cH&onf/ 1990 'DZifbmwGif tonf;toefaeraumif;
jzpf 1991 Zefe0g&Dvqef;wGif tif;pdefaxmifaq;HkodkY wifvdkuf&onf/ 1991 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (10) &ufaeYwGif
axmifaq;HkwGif uG,fvGefonf/ (tusOf;axmifxJrS tmZmenfrsm;? {&m0wDpmtkyfwdkuf? 1999? pm-18/ atatyDyD)629
&efuek w
f uov
rcifcifapm
udkAaqGav;
udkvSwif
udkpdef0if;
udkndK0if;
(pmMunfhwdkufrSL;)
(aiGxdef;)
(Ou|)
('k-Ou|)
(twGif;a&;rSL;)
udkjroef;
(wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;)
udkudkMunf
udkatmif0if;
udkwifarmifaqG
(vlxkqufoG,fa&;)
(oufomacsmifcsda&;)
(,Ofaus;rIESifhupm;ckefpm;)
ygy,m;
emdkif;em;
OD;uHodef;
udkausmfvIdif udkatmifodrf;Edkif
(EdkifiHjcm;a&;)
udkbay:
(tdk;a0wm0efcH)
udkvSausmf
&efuek w
f uov
630 rcifcifat; (trIaqmif) udkAaqGav; (aiGxdef;) udkatmifodrf;Edkif (tdk;a0wm0efcH) udkxGm;pdef (twGif;a&;rSL;)

udkoef;armif (trIaqmif) udkeE (trIaqmif) udkvSaT (trIaqmif)
Adv
k cf sKyBf u;D tpd;k &acwf wuo (17) vc&D; ("gwyf u
kH @)
rSwfcsuf- tdk;a0r*Zif;rS jznfhpGufazmfjyonf/
631
632
633
634
635
636
(Ou| udv
k w
S if rdechf eG ;f ajymaepOf)
637
(0J- Ou|opf udkvSwif)
(yH-k if;aG;yJw
G iG f oefh iS ;f zqyv ud,
k pf m;vS,f ;HI ojzifh oefY iS ;f
rdom;pk I;H yJBG u;D [k ydpk wma&; vSnv
Uf nfvmMupOf)
638
udak tmiford ;f Edik f - vufrSwfxdk;xm;ol tdk;a0wm0efcH udkatmifodrf;Edkifonf AuyodkY awmcdkoGm;cJhNyD; vlxka':trmom;tBuD; udkpdk;0if;ESifh
639
twl jzKwf? xkwf? owf- ao'Pfay;ta&;,lcH&onf/
640
641
tcef; (23)
'Dru
kd a&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY
trsK;d om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f
(1960 rS 1961)
(u) 1960-61 &efuek w

f uov
kd af usmif;om;or*trIaqmiftzGUJ
udkwifat;
udkwifarmif
udkeE (0dZm-*kPfxl;)
udkAaqGav;
udkapmarmif
udkxGef;Munf
udkrif;axG;
udkvSMunf
udkombef;
udkvSaT
udkjrodef;
Ou|
'k-Ou|
aiGxdef;
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;XmerSL;
tdk;a0wm0efcH
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
(c) &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* (1960-61) Ou|opf usr;f opmused q
f ykd JG
Ou|opfudkwifat;rdefhcGef; (1960 ck? Edk0ifbmv 17 &uf)
{nfUonfawmfvlBuD;rif;rsm;? q&m^q&mrrsm;? &Jabmfausmif;olôm;rsm;cifAsm;(31) ESpaf jrmuf wuoOu|tjzpf uReaf wmfu
h kd wm0efay;MuwJt
h wGuf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om *kP,
f rl yd gw,f/
ay;tyfwJhwm0efudkvnf; xrf;aqmifyghr,fvdkY usrf;opmusdefqdkNyD;ygNyD/
ausmif;om;xku ,Hk,HkMunfMunf ay;tyfwJh ausmif;om;wm0efrsm;eJY rdbjynfolrsm;uay;tyfwJh trsKd;
642
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

om;a&; wm0efrsm;udk wuo&JUordkif;pOfrSm ydkrdkxGef;ajymifa&;twGuf uRefawmfeJY uRefawmfhtrIaqmiftzGJU[m
ajc okwfykqdk;? a>rpG,fusKd;rQ xrf;aqmifyghr,fqdkwm uwday;yg&ap/
uRefawmfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJU&JU oabmxm;rsm;udk rajymMum;rD wuo&JUordkif;pOfrSm tMurf;wrf;qHk;vdkY
qdk&r,fh c&D;Murf;BuD;udk ausmfvTm;EdkifcJhwJh NyD;cJhwJhESpf trIaqmiftzGJU&JU atmifjrifpGmBudK;yrf;EdkifrIudk OD;pGmyxr
rSwfwrf;wifvdkygw,f/ wuoBuD; aysmufuG,foGm;atmif zsufqD;jcif;cH&wJhtcsdefrSm wuo wnfwHhcdkifjrJatmif
tE&m,ftaygif;ud&k ifqikd Nf yD; ausmif;om;xkEiS t
hf wl umuG,Ef ikd o
f t
l jzpf 1959-60 ckEpS f trIaqmiftzGUJ udk uReaf wmf
wdkY av;pm;*kPfjyK rSwfwrf;wifvdkufygw,f/
'DvNkd yD;cJw
h hJ trIaqmiftzGUJ u wnfwchH ikd jf rJatmif xde;f odr;f cJw
h hJ wuoudk uReaf wmfwUkd qufvufwm0ef,l
yghr,f? wuo&JUordkif;pOf xGef;ajymifatmif qufvufBudK;pm;yghr,f/ tvif;udktarSmifeJY zsufqD;wJY tcsdefumv
rsKd;ESifh MuHKvmjyefvQifvnf; uRefawmfwdkY wdkufcdkufausmfvTm;yghr,f/
'DaeYwjynfv;kH rSmSw
d hJ ausmif;om;rsm;&JUcHpm;csuf? epfemcsufrsm;[m trsm;tjym;Sw
d ,f/ wuov
kd af usmif;
om;awGyjJ zpfjzpf txufwef;ausmif;om;awGyjJ zpfjzpf cHpm;&csuf epfem&csufrsm;[m wlnyD gw,f/ 'DaeYwjynfv;kH rSm
or*awG vGwv
f yfpmG zGUJ pnf;cGihf rSjd zpfaeygao;w,f/ 'g[m 'Dru
kd a&pDa&;twGuf raumif;wJv
h uPm jzpfygw,f/
or*awG[m e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ordkif;rSm tifrwefxGef;ajymifcJhygw,f/ 'Drdkua&pDudk wzGzGa<u;aMumfaewJh tpdk;&
acwfrmS or*awG vGwv
f yfpmG zGUJ pnf;cGihf rSad o;wm[mjzifh vGepf mG 0rf;enf;zdYk aumif;ygw,f/ wuo&JU 'DaeY&yfwnfrI
udkvnf; MunfhygtHk;? wuo&yfwnfae&wJh tajcaeawG[m wuoBuD; NydKuGJoGm;atmif zsufqD;EdkifwJh tiftm;rSd
ayr,fh wuotay:rSm IjrifaeMuwJh oabmxm;rsm; rSeu
f efvmNyDvYkd rqdEk ikd af o;ygbl;/ avsmayghpmG IjrifcsufawG?
wvGJwacsmf IjrifwmawG trsm;tjym; Sdaeygao;w,f/ wuoudkIjrifwJhae&mrSm ausmif;om;wm0efeJY trsKd;om;
wm0efrsm;udk ESpaf ygif; (30) wdik w
f ikd f rjywfrvyf xrf;aqmifcw
hJ hJ xrf;aqmifaeqJvnf;jzpfwhJ ArmjynfrmS oufwrf;
t&ifhqHk;aom tzGJUtpnf;BuD; wcktaeeJY MunfhjrifzdkYvdkygw,f/ udkvdkeDuRefjyKa&; 0g'orm;awG e,fcsJUorm;awG
zufqpfawG[m wuotaMumif; aumif;aumif;BuD; odoGm;ygw,f/
uRefawmfwdkYuawmh b,fvdk tajctaerSmyJa&mufa&muf or*awG vGwfvyfpGm zGJUpnf;cGifhESifh wygwnf;
trdwuoBuD; wnfwHhatmif uRefawmfwdkY toufeJYqufNyD; BudK;yrf;ygr,fvdkY uwday;ygw,f/
{nfUonfawmfrsm;? q&m^q&mrrsm;ESifU &Jabmfausmif;olôm;rsm; cifAsm;wuo[m 'DuaeY trsKd;om;a&;wnfaqmufa&;udk xdyfwef;xm;NyD; BudK;yrf;oGm;ygrnf/ trsKd;om;ynm
a&; wnfaqmufa&;twGuf ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk uRefawmfwdkY wifjy vkyfaqmifcJhMuygw,f/
'DuaeY ynma&;tajctae[m rwnfrNidrfeJY BuD;rmvmwJh tusyftwnf;udk &ifqdkifae&ygw,f/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;
(12) ESpf oufwrf;rSm ynma&;eJY ywfoufvdkY wdk;wufrI tvGefenf;yg;w,f/ 'DaeYynmoiftprSm ausmif;om;xkeJY
jynfoal wGyg tH<k uawmif;qdMk uwJh wef;cGw
J ef;csjyem? wuov
kd rf mS qd&k if aemufqufwJG jyemawG[m ynma&;
tusyftwnf; 'Pfcsuf&JU om"uawGygyJ/ aSUudk'Dtwdkif;om qufoGm;aer,fqdk&if ydkrdkqdk;0g;wJh tajctaeawG
jzpfay:vmrSmrdkY trsKd;om;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfusif;yNyD; ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef uRefawmfwdkY wifjycJh
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Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;twGuf qufvufBudK;yrf;oGm;rnfjzpfayonf/ wdkif;jynf\ynma&; wdk;wufa&;?
tem*wfwuodkvf wdk;wufom,ma&;? Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;rsm;twGuf qefYusifvmvQif ausmif;om;
xk aSUwef;rS qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifoGm;rnf jzpfaMumif; aMunmvdkufygonf/
wuodkvftmPmvkyfMuHrItwGuf qufvufwm;qD;Mu
ausmifom;tcGifUta&; umuG,fMu
ausmif;om;xk nDGwfMu
aehpJG-28? 1? 61
trIaqmiftzGJY
&efukefwuodkvf
(*-4) ref;aq;ausmif;om;rsm;vIyfSm;rI
rEav;wuodkvfaq;odyHausmif;om;rsm;or*rS1/ (4) cgusESifh ausmif;xGufcJh&aom ausmif;om; (39) a,muftm; jyefvnfvufcHyg&ef
2/ (4) cgusNyD;rsm; pmar;yGJaemufxyf (2) Budrf ajzqdkcGifh&Sdyg&efESifh
3/ pmar;yGJppfcsdefrsm; ajymif;ay;yg&ef
-ponfh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk ynma&;bkwftzGJUodkY ay;ydkYcJhonf/
ynma&;bkwftzGJUrS tcsKdUudk vdkufavsm (4) cgus ausmif;om;rsm;tm; jyefvnfvufcHum aemufxyf
pmar;yGJ (1) Budrf ajzcGiahf y;rnf/ pmar;yGpJ pfrnfh tcsed rf sm;udk ,cifvESihf ZGev
f tpm; ,ckrwfvESihf pufwifbmvrsm;
ppfaq;ay;rnf[k ygarmursm;tzGJUu twnfjyKvdkufonf/
(*-5) [oFmwausmif;om;rsm;vIyfSm;rI
[oFmwNrdKUe,fausmif;om;or*\ trIaqmiftzGUJ tpnf;ta0;yGw
J &yfukd Zlvikd v
f (10) &ufaeY? aeYvnf
(12) em&D [oFmwNrdKU? igrsufESmbk&m;0if;twGif;Sd ig;uefavomZ&yfwGif usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0; Ou|
udkwifaiGu obmywdtjzpf vnf;aumif;? twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf udkaomif;u vnf;aumif; aqmifGufMuonf/
tpnf;ta0;wGif obmywdu rdefYcGef;ajymMum;NyD;aemuf NrdKUay:Sdvrf;rsm;wGif ydkpwmrsm;uyf wdkufyGJ
0if&ef? ausmif;om;xkBuD;\ epfemrIrsm;udk atmifjrifonftxd or*EiS ahf usmif;om;xk vufww
JG u
kd yf 0JG if&ef? &yfuu
G f
tvdkuf a[majymyGJrsm; jyKvkyf&efwdkYudk wnDwGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfonf/
xdkYaemuf ]aemufqufwGJ atmifpm&if; tjrefxkwfay;? wef;cGJwef;cs tjref&yfqdkif;ypf? OD;bdkwdk ausmif;om;
xkudk rvSnfUpm;ESifU? ynma&;0efBuD;OD;at;armif razmufjyefESifU? bDSDxHk;ESvHk;rlavmU? or*w&m;0if&yfwnfcGifUay;}
ponfh a<u;aMumfoHrsm; [pfa<u;cJhonf/
647
(*-6) ref;ausmif;om;rsm;vIyfSm;rI
1961ck Mo*kwfv (15) &uf? eHeuf (7) em&DrS pwif rEav;cdkifAuorS OD;pD;NyD; em&Daygif; (60)
tpmiwfcq
H EjyyGu
J kd rEav; taemufawmifusK;H axmifw
h iG f usi;f y&m ausmif;om; (600) ausmyf g0if tpmiwfcq
H Ejy
Muonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;onf (2) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf &yfqdkif;ypf? wef;cGJwef;cs &yfqdkif;ypf? trsKd;om;ynma&;
ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG usi;f ya&;? ausmif;om;ta&; ygvrD efwiG q
f ;kH jzwfay;yg? at;csr;f pGm ynmoifMum;a&;twGuf tpmiwfcH
qEjyygonf [laom ydkpwmrsm;axmif tpmiwfcHqEjyMuonf/
(*-7) wef;cGJwef;cs&yfqdkif;ypfa&; ausmif;om;xkqEjyyGJ
wuodkvfwef;cGJwef;cspepf 'PfudkrcH&yfEdkifwJhtwGuf ausmif;om;rsm;onf wef;cGJwef;cs&yfqdkif;ypfa&;
aumfrwDukd ZGev
f (15) &ufaeY &efuek w
f uov
kd f or*cef;raqmifrmS &efuek cf dik af usmif;om;rsm;or*u aSUaqmif
zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfuvnf; NrdKUe,ftvdkuf cdkifwdkufyGJaumfrwDrsm; zGJUpnf; qEjycJhMuonf/ qEjy
rIrsm; us,fjyefYvm EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u owif;pmuGefz&ifhwGif (15) &ufeJY (1) vtMum;rSm aMunmEdkifvdrfhr,fvdkY
ynma&;0efBuD;u ajzMum;oGm;&onf/ xdkYaemuf 30? 7? 61 wGif 0efBuD;csKyfu owif;pmuGefz&ifhwGif aMunmcsuf
xkwfjyef&m1/ 1960-61 ckESpfrSm wef;cGJwef;cspepfudk &yfqdkif;ypfvdkufonf/ pepfa[mif;twdkif; vkyfrnf/ wuodkvf
pmar;yGJ rvkyfbl;/ ynma&;Xme vkyfrnf/
2/ 1962 ckESpfupNyD; wef;cGJwef;cspepfudk jyefusifUoHk;rnf/
3/ 1961 ckESpfupNyD; owrwef;pmar;yGJudk tpdk;&ppf rjyKvkyfawmUbJ ausmif;ppfom usif;yjyKvkyfrnf/
pojzifh vdkufavsmcJhonf/
(*-8) udkvdkeDpHepfqefhusifa&;aehvIyfSm;rI
21? 2? 61 &ufaeYwGif vli,fausmif;om;? trsKd;orD;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u OD;aqmifaom udkvdkeDpepfqefYusif
a&;ESihf e,fcsUJ usL;ausmrf I uefYuu
G q
f EjyyGJ usi;f ycJo
h nf/ xdq
k EjyyGEJ iS yhf wfouf yxptpd;k &u tMurf;zufErdS Ef iS ;f NyD;
taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jyum vlaygif;rsm;pGm zrf;qD;cJhonf/
xdkYodkY zrf;qD;xm;aomolrsm;udk vTwf&ef udkvdkeDpepfqefYusifa&;aeY vli,fausmif;om;? trsKd;orD; yl;wGJ
aumfrwD (wuoaqmuftODu) awmif;qdkcJhavonf/
(C)
&efuek w
f uov
kd f vlrsK;d pkausmif;om;rsm;tzGUJ csKyf
( 1960 - 61 )
1960-61 ckESpf &efukefwuodkvf vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfudk zGJUpnf; u@opfw&yf zGifhvSpfEdkifcJh
onf/ vlrsKd;pkordik ;f rSm armfueG ;f wifco
hJ nf/ vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tm;vH;k wnDwGww
f nf; pkaygif;NyD; vlrsKd;pkrsm;
&JU ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rIeJY trsKd;om;a&;udk yl;wGJaqmifGuf&ef MuHG,fcJhMuonf/
trIaqmifrsm;
obmywdtzGYJ0ifrsm;
1/ pdkif;cGef;tHkwdkif (Srf;)
2/ udkapmarmif (&cdkif)
3/ rif;axG;vHk;ausmf (rGef)
4/ puGef;vGif (u&if)
5/ *Gef*sef (ucsif)
6/ udkaz0if; (u,m;)
7/ pDcdkifrif; (csif;)
648

1/ rif;pdk;jrifh (rGef)
2/ apmatrdk;vdk (u&if)
3/ *sKdI0g; (ucsif)
4/ ,l*sif;odkuf (Srf;)
5/ udkausmf&if (&cdkif)
6/ udkAsm;&,f (u,m;)?
7/ udkatmifausmf (u,m;)
8/ tifwdkeDGefYtkwf (csif;)
'k-Ou|
b@ma&;rSL;
(Dr. Chao-Tzang Yawnghwe)
pm&if;ppf
jyefMum;a&;ESifh0g'jzefYcsda&;
ynma&;rSL;
0g'
1/ rnfonfhtpnf;tHk;? rnfonfhEdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ vufatmufcH MoZmrjzpf&/
2/ vkyfief;pOftm;jzifhjzpfap? &nfG,fcsuftm;jzifhjzpfap wlnDaom rnfonfhtoif;tzGJUESifhrqdk yl;wGJvkyf
aqmif&rnf/
3/ ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rIESifh trsKd;om;a&;rsm;udk vkyfaqmif&rnf/
&nfG,fcsuf
1/ vlrsKd;pk ausmif;olôm;rsm;tcsif;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;? em;vnfrI&Sda&;? pnf;vkH;a&;ESifh twlwuG
ylaygif;vkyfaqmifa&;?
2/ vlrsKd;pkrsm;\ ,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk xdef;odrf;jrifhwifzvS,fa&;?
3/ vlrsKd;pkrsm;\ wef;wlnDrQa&;ESifh vGwfvyfa&;pdwf"gwfudk azmfxkwfjrifhwifay;a&;?
4/ ausmif;om;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;udk &,lxdef;odrf;umuG,fa&;/
jyifqifa&;aumfrwD Ou| apmatrd;k vdrk ed chf eG ;f

(vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzGJYcsKyf wnfaxmifjcif;ESifUrdwfqHktcrf;tem;)
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f uov
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d v
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u@opfw&yfvYkd ac:qdEk ikd w
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uReaf wmfwYkd 'DtzGUJ csKyfBuD;ay:aygufvm&yHu
k kd tenf;i,ftpD&ifcv
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rlrJh? oabmw&m;rJh? vQyfwjyuf jzpfuwwfqef; ay:aygufvm&wJh tzGJUcsKyfr[kwfygbl;/ t&ifuwnf;u &efukef
wuov
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k w
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wdkY vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;awGtm;vHk; wnDwGwfwnf; pkaygif;NyD; uRefawmfwdkY&JU ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rIeJY trsKd;om;a&;
rsm;udk ylwGJvkyfaqmifEdkifMuzdkY arQmfrSef;MuHG,fcJhygw,f/
[dw
k ek ;f u nEd idI ;f aqG;aEG;jcif;? wlnaD omvkyif ef;rsm;udk vkyu
f ikd Ef ikd jf cif;qdw
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kd m taumif
txnf azmfEdkifcJhw,f/ tckvdk pepfwus toif;tzGJUvdkuf? &nfG,fcsuf? 0g'? pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;eJY taqmufttkH
jyKwJh tzGJUcsKyftxd rwnfaqmufEdkifcJhygbl;/ 'gayrJh jyifqifa&;aumfrwDtzGJU&JU BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIaMumifh 'DaeYqdk&if
&efukefwuodkvf vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfudk atmifjrifpGm wnfaqmufEdkifjcif; jzpfygw,f/
{nfUonfawmfrsm;eJh b0wlvlrsKd;pkausmif;olôm;taygif;wdkh'DtzGUJ csKyfBuD;[m ppfreS w
f hJ trsK;d om;a&;pdw"f gwf tajccH? oefYpifreG jf rwfvw
S hJ &nf,
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649
eHrnfBuD; u&ifpma&;q&m wOD;jzpfaom "ruxdu q&mrdk;vdkjzpfonf/
uaeNyD; rSefuefdk;om;pGm ay:aygufvm&wJh tzGJUcsKyfjzpfaMumif; uRefawmf &J0HhpGm0efcH&Jygw,f/ 'Dvdk jrifhjrwfaom
&nf,
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h if;cdik rf mwJh nDw
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f rm;rsm;
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,HkMunfygw,f/ vlYordkif;wavQmufudk qef;ppfvdkYSd&if ausmufacwfupNyD; ,ckuRefawmfwdkY&JU odyH acwfwdkifatmif
tqifhqifhwdk;wufajymif;vJvmwJh acwfBuD;jzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkacwfBuD;rSm uRefawmfwdkYwawG[m woD;wjcm;? bmod
bmom &yfwnfaevdkY rjzpfawmhbl;qdkwm od&ygvdrfhr,f/
wdk;wufaewJh acwfeJYtnD uRefawmfwdkY vlrsKd;pktm;vHk; &yfwnfEdkifa&;eJY wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;a&;udk aSUINyD;
'DtzGJUcsKyfudk wnfaxmifcJhMuygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh 'DuaeY vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;&JU rGefjrwfoefYpifwJh &nfG,fcsuf
rsm;udk nDGwfpGm vkyfaqmifoGm;MuzdkY 'DtzGJUcsKyfBuD;udk wnfaxmifEdkifcJhjcif;tm;jzifh jrefrmordkif;udk wenf;wzHk
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'gwifru vlrsKd;pk&JUu@udkvnf; ydkrdkxGef;ajymif awmufyvmEdkifr,fqdkwm rvGJraoGygyJ/
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tzGJUcsKyfBuD;jzpfaMumif;udk Sif;jyyg&ap/ uRefawmfwdkYEdkifiH[m aemifawmfArmrsm;eJY twl Srf;? ucsif? u&if? u,m;?
csif;? &cdkif? rGef pwJh vlrsKd;rsm;tygt0if aygif;pkaexdkifMuwJh jynfaxmifpkBuD; jzpfygw,f/ twdwfumvudk jyefvnf
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csJUorm;eJY zufqpf*syefacwfrmS yJ jzpfjzpf? tifrwef pufqyk b
f ,
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kd f tvl;tvSrd chf pH m;cJh
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vHkpmcsKyfudk csKyfqdkcJhMuygw,f/ tJ'DpmcsKyfrSm t"du Edik if x
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k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGirUf sm; &Scd pH m;apzdhk twdtvif;
xnfUoGif;cJUMuygw,f/
'gayrJh 1948 ckEpS f vGwv
f yfwhJ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf aMunmNyD;wJah emuf tckxufwikd f uRefawmfwYkd
vlrsKd;pkawG[m yifvHkpmcsKyfrSm oabmwlxnfhoGif;cJhwJh tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wif;jynfhusyfjynfh rcHpm;&bJ epfemqHk;IH;
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aumif;? ynma&;eJY ,Ofaus;rIt&vnf;aumif; tppt&m&m zdESdyfcs,fvS,frI'Pf cHae&ygw,f/ 'DzdESdyfcs,fvS,frI
awG[m t*Fvyd ef ,fcsJUacwfu xufawmif ydrk &kd ufpuf qd;k 0g;ygao;w,f/ tcsKyftm;jzifh ajym&r,fq&kd if vlrsKd;pkrsm;
teuf ,ckvufSd vlrsKd;pkjynfe,fawG[m Armjynfr&JU yPmquf udkvdkeDEdkifiHav;rsm;b0 usa&mufaeygw,f/
{nfUonfawmftaygif;eJh b0wlvlrsKd;pkausmif;olôm;rsm;cifAsm;uRefawmf tckwifjycJw
h hJ tajctaersm;&JU awmif;qdck suft& 'DuaeYwnfaxmifwhJ &efuek w
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om;rsm; &mZ0ifrSm armfuGef;wif&pfrJh aeYxl;aeYjrwfBuD; jzpfw,fqdkwm uRefawmftcdkiftrm ,HkMunfygw,f/
'DaeY uRefawmfwYkd &UJ 0rf;enf;aMuuGb
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w,fqdkwm b,folvm jiif;EdkifyghrvJ/
'gawG[m acwfwacwf&UJ azsmufzsuv
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650

aqmifu
G Mf u&ef oHE|d mef tcdik t
f rmcsMuygpdYk / uReaf wmfwYkdwawG[m aemifwacwfwikd ;f jynfeYJ trsK;d om; wm0efrsm;udk
&mZ0ifuay;tyfovdk rSefuef&J0HhpGmxrf;aqmifzdkY rarhaysmuf&ef pGJjrJpGmrSwfxm;MuzdkY txl; vdktyfygw,f/
{nfUonfawmftaygif;eJh b0wlvlrsKd;pkausmif;olôm;rsm;cifAsm;uRefawmfwYkd tckvkd wnfaxmifcw
hJ hJ tzGUJ csKyf[m vlrsKd;pk? vlrsKd;pkvYkd wzGzaG <u;aMumfaewm[m usOf;ajrmif;
aom vlrsKd;a&;pdwf"gwf vHk;0r[kwfygbl;qdkwm twdtvif; ajymMum;cJhyg&ap/
uRefawmfwdkY tzGJUcsKyfBuD;[m aemifudk taESmifht,Suf ab;tE&m,faygif;rsm;pGmeJY &ifqdkif&ayvdrfhOD;r,f/
b,fvykd ifBuD;rm;aom tE&m,feYJ MuHKawGU&apumrl wOD;ay:wOD; cspfcif&if;ES;D jcif;? pdwo
f abmxm;BuD;jcif;? onf;cH
jcif;eJY ta&;BuD;qHk;jzpfwJh aoG;pnf;nDGwfa&;udk tcdkiftrmwnfaxmifNyD; usa&mufvmorQ ab;tE&m,frsm;udk
atmifjrifpGm wGef;vSefNzdKcGif;ypfEdkifMu&ef tav;teuf wdkufwGef;cJhygw,f/
aemufq;kH taeeJY uRefawmfwYkd tzGUJ csKyf&UJ &nf,
G cf sufrsm; xajrmuf atmifjrifEikd yf gap/ vlrsKd;pkrsm; arQmfreS ;f
vHk;yef;aeMuwJh tem*wfacwfopfBuD;odkY tjrefqHk;wufvSrf;EdkifygapvdkY qkawmif;&if; ed*Hk;csKyfcJhygw,f/
]]&efukefwuodkvfvlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzGJYcsKyf wnfwHUcdkifjrJygap}}
]]vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;tcsif;csif; aoG;pnf;nDGwfxm0&cdkifjrJygap}}
ausmif;om;;vIy&f mS ;rIwiG yf g0ifcahJ om vlrsK;d pkausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;
Source: AAPPB
Source: KW
Source: UNLD Press
Source: Peace Jounal
ide;f u,ef;xef (c) OD;aTat; a'guw

f mausmufcsr;f a,mifa0
(c)
,l*sif;odkuf (Srf;)
(u,ef;)
OD;vSaz (c) OD;wifaU Zmf

(&cdik )f
OD;ombef;
(&cdik )f
idef;u,ef;xef (c) OD;aTat; - 1962 ck? Zlvdkif (7) &uf ta&;tcif;jzpfyGm;csdefwGif &efukefwuodkvfwGif aemuf
qH;k ESpf ausmif;om;wa,mufjzpfNyD; if;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifco
hJ nf/ xdu
k mvwGif vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzJUG csKyf\
twGif;a&;rSL;csKyftjzpf aqmifGufcJhonf/ 1963 jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;? (6) cdkifqEjyyJGwGif vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;
tzJGUcsKyfrS wuf<upGmyg0ifEdkifa&;udk OD;aqmifrIay;cJhonf/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yJGysuf tzrf;tqD;rsm;aMumifh wdrf;
aSmifaecJh&onf/ 1964 ck? Mo*kwfv (8) &ufwGif u,ef;jynfopfygwD wnfaxmifaomtcg twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf
pwifwm0ef,lcJhonf/ u,ef;jynfopfygwD Ou|tjzpf 2006 ckESpf? Mo*kwf (21) &ufaeY uG,fvGefcsdeftxd wm
0ef,lcJhonf/ touf (65) ESpfwGif uG,fvGefonf/ (cspfMunfa&;? twJG- 4? Edk0ifbm? 2006? pm- 20)
a'guw
f mausmufcsr;f a,mifa0 (c) ,l*si;f odu
k f - vGwfvyfaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf\ yxrqHk;orwBuD;
p0faTodkuf\ om;jzpfonf/ 1962 ck? Zlvdkif (7) &uf ta&;tcif;jzpfyGm;csdefwGif vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzJGUcsKyf\
b@ma&;rSL;jzpfNyD; t*Fvyd pf menf;jytjzpf &efuek w
f uov
kd w
f iG f aqmifu
G af ecsed jf zpfonf/ 4if;ta&;tcif; aemufyikd ;f
1963 ckESpftxd wdrf;aSmifae&NyD; Srf;trsKd;om;a&;ESifh vlrsKd;pkta&;udprsm;twGuf ajratmufvIyf&Sm;cJh&onf/
1963 ckESpfwGif awmcdkcJh 1964 ck Srf;jynfwyfrawmf xlaxmif&mwGif OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhNyD; 1977 ckESpftxd
OD;aqmifco
hJ nf/ 1997 ck uae'gEdik if ?H NAdwu
d v
kd b
H ,
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kd rf S Edik if aH &;odyyH g&*lbUGJ &Scd o
hJ nf/ trsK;d om;jyefvnf
oifjh rwfa&;tpDtpOf (NRP) ESihf (UNLD-LA) \ tqifjh rift
h MuHay;t&mSt
d jzpf aqmifu
G cf o
hJ nf/ Sr;f jynforl sm;
ta&;omru jrefrmwEdkifiHvHk;ta&; udprsm;jzpfonfh trsKd;om;jyefvnf&ifMum;apha&; udp&yfrsm;twGuf olb0
wavQmufvHk;ESifh uG,fvGefcsdeftxd epfjrKyfvkyfaqmifcJhonf/ 24? 7? 04 &ufaeY touf (65) ESpft&G,fwGif uae
651
'gEdkifiH? beful;Am;NrdKUwGif uG,fvGefcJhonf/ (Srf;oHawmfqifh? UNLD Press, Various Website)
OD;vSaz - ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD; pwifzJGYpnf;prS p vlrsKd;pkudk,fpm;vS,fwOD; tjzpfyg0ifaqmifGufcJhNyD;
1956-57 wuotrIaqmiftzJGUwGif EdkifiHjcm;a&;Xmewm0efcHtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/ 1962 Zlvdkif (7) &uf
ta&;tcif;jzpfymG ;csed w
f iG f &efuek w
f uov
kd ?f lyaA'XmewGif okyjf yq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonf/ if;ta&;
tcif;jzpfyGm;rIudk tpnf;ta0;pwifcsdefrS aemufqHk;ypfcwfonftxd wuoatmufxyfSd wuopm;aomufqdkifrS
wcsdefvHk; apmifhMunfhaecJhonf/ 1963 ckESpfwGif jynfwGif;Nidrf;a&;vIyfSm;rIwGif yg0ifNyD; 'DZifbmv (12) &ufaeYwGif
tzrf;cH&onf/ 12? 2? 69 &uf (jynfaxmifpkaeY) tif;pdefaxmifrSxkwf noef;acgifausmfwGif udk;udk;uRef;odkY
ydkYaqmifjcif;cH&onf/ udk;udk;uRef; uRef;zsufodrf;a&;wdkufyJGwGif yg0ifcJhonf/ 1971 Edk0ifbm (11) &ufwGif
uRef;zsufodrf;tNyD; tif;pdefaxmifodkY jyefa&mufvmonf/ tif;pdef axmifrS rvTwfciftxd nOf;qJcH&jyefonf/
1972 ck {NyDv (12) &ufwGif tif;pdefaxmifrS jyefvGwfvmonf/ Spfav;vHk;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifcJhonf/ 1989
a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ tmPmzDqefa&;vIyfSm;rI yg0ifNyD;aSmifwdrf;&um Mo*kwfv (8) &ufaeYwGif bk&m;oHk;ql
pcef;odkY a&mufSdonf/ ol\ a'gif;tdk;a0pmapmifrS ]]uRef;twdwft&dyfyrm}} tcef;quf aqmif;yg;onf udk,fawGY
uRef;tawGUtMuHKudk a&;om;xm; xifmS ;onf/ 1991 rS tcef;quftjzpfazmfjycJo
h nf/ a&'D,zkd &D;at;S jrefrmydik ;f
owif;axmuftjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf/ &cdkifjynftrsKd;om;aumifpD (ANC) wGif tzJGU0ifwOD;tjzpf aqmifGufcJhonf/
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;aumifpw
D iG f (ENC) &cdik v
f rl sK;d pku,
kd pf m;vS,jf zpf jyefMum;a&;ESiphf nf;H;k a&;aumfrwD wm0efcH
tjzpf aqmifGufaeonf/ (jirf;? a'gif;tdk;a0/ w,fvDzkef;ar;jref;csuf/ tD;tefpD0ufbf)
OD;ombef;- &cdkiftrsKd;om; wOD;jzpfonf/ wyfOD;ausmif;om; wOD;jzpfNyD; wuo trIaqmiftjzpf 1960-61 ck
ESpw
f iG af qmif&u
G cf o
hJ nf/ 1988 aemufyikd ;f jynfaxmifpw
k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGYJcsKyf (UNLD) \ wdik ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd;pka&;&maumfrwD0ifESifh vkyfief;aumfrDwD0ifjzpfonf/ yxrtBudrf 1991 rS 1995 txd axmifcscH&onf/
,ckpmtkyfjyKpk&mwGif ulnDcJhrIjzifh 1998 wGif tzrf;cH&NyD; (6) ESpftMum 2004 ck? ZlvdkifvwGif axmifrS jyefvGwfvm
onf/ (atatyDyDbD? tifwmeuf)
(i) 1960-61 &efuek w

f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* tpD&ifcpH m
( 1960 - 1961 )
trIaqmiftzGt
YJ pD&ifcpH m
1/ zGJUpnf;jcif;
2/ trIaqmiftzGJU0g'ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;
3/ trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aqmifGufcsufrsm;
4/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm; xdyg;vmjcif;ESifh aqmifGufcsufrsm;
5/ ynmoifMum;a&;ESifhywfoufaom aqmifGufcsufrsm;
6/ yGJobiftcrf;tem;rsm;
7/ taxGaxGvkyfief;rsm;
8/ Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;
9/ aus;Zl;wifSdjcif;
10/ ed*Hk;
(1) zGJYpnf;jcif;
(u) aG;aumufyGJrsm; / / 1960-61 &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*? Ou|? 'k-Ou|ESifh aiGxdef;wdkYudk
aG;aumufwifajrmuf&ef yxrtywf wuoaG;aumufyGJudk 1960 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (19) &ufaeYwGif usif;yrnf[k
aG;aumufyGJt&mSdu aMunmcJhonf/ ,SOfNydKiftaG;cHvdkolrsm;\ avQmufvTmrsm;udk 1960 ck? Mo*kwfv (16)
652

&ufaeY? nae (3) em&DrwdkifrD aG;aumufyGJ t&mSdxH wifoGif;&rnf[k aMunmcJhonf/
Ou|ae&mwGif ,SOfNydKiftaG;cH&ef avQmufvTmwifoGif;ol (3) OD;SdNyD;? 'k-Ou|ae&mtwGuf avQmufvTm
wifoGif;ol (7) OD;ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mtwGuf (3) OD;SdcJhonf/ 'k-Ou|ae&mtwGuf (7) OD; teufwOD;tm; wuozGJU
pnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;ESifh rudkufnDojzifh y,fcscJhonf/
rdrdwdkYqEtavsmuf avQmufvTmrsm; jyefvnfkyfodrf;Edkifaom Mo*kwfv (17) &ufaeY? nae (3) em&Drwdkif
rD Ou|ae&mrS (2) OD;? 'k-Ou|ae&mrS (4) OD;ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mrS (1) OD;pD toD;oD;avQmufvTmrsm;udk jyefvnf
kyfodrf;oGm;aomaMumifh Ou|ae&mwGif udkwifat;rSm NydKifbufrSd taG;cH&NyD;? 'k-Ou|ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mrsm;
wGif (2) OD;pD ,SOfNydKif&ef usefcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh 'k-Ou|ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mrsm;twGuf aG;aumufyGJjyKvkyf&m 'k-Ou|ae&mwGif udkwifarmifESifh
aiGxdef;ae&mwGif udkeEwdkYtm; aG;aumufjcif;cHcJh&onf/
trIaqmif (6) OD;ae&mtwGuf 'kwd,tokwf aG;aumufyGJudk 1960 ck? Mo*kwfv (25) &ufaeYwGif
usif;yrnf[k aG;aumufyGJt&mSd udkwifat;u aMunmcJhonf/ wuoaG;aumufyGJudk odumSdpGm usif;yEdkifa&;?
,SOfNydKifolrsm; tav;teufxm;Sda&;wdkYtwGuf 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifolrsm;onf pabmfaiGusyf (50) (ig;q,fusyf)
wdwdudk avQmufvTmESifh twlwifoGif;&ef 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifolonf ay;aom rJtm;vHk;wdkY\ (4) yHk (1) yHk r&SdvQif
xdkpabmfaiGudk wuorS odrf;,lrnf[k aMunmcJhonf/
avQmufvTmwifoGif;ol (8) OD; Sdonfhteuf (2) OD;rSm rdrdwdkYqEtavsmuf avQmufvTmrsm;udk jyefvnfkyf
odr;f oGm;ojzifh usefo
dS l (6) OD;jzpfaom udAk aqGav;? udrk if;axG;? udo
k mbef;? udv
k MS unf? udak pmarmif? udx
k eG ;f Munf
wdkY (6) OD;rSm wuo trIaqmifrsm;tjzpf ,SOfNydKifolrSd taG;cHcJh&onf/
(c) trIaqmiftzGYJ / / &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* (1960- 61) \ yxrtBudrf trIaqmiftpnf;t
a0;udk 1960 ck? Mo*kwfv (24) &ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfusif;ycJhonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;rS tdk;a0r*Zif;wm0efcH tjzpf
udkvSaTESifh pmMunfhwdkufrSL;tjzpf udkjrodef;wdkYtm; aG;aumufwifajrmufMuNyD; atmufygtwdkif; trIaqmiftzJGUudk
zGJUpnf;cJhonf/
udkwifat;
Ou|
udkwifarmif
'k-Ou|
udkeE (0dZm-*kPfxl;)
aiGxdef;
udkAaqGav;
udkapmarmif
wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;XmerSL;
udkxGef;Munf
udkrif;axG;
upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rIXmerSL;
udkombef;
udkvSaT
tdk;a0wm0efcH
udkjrodef;
pmMunfhwdkufrSL;
(*) qyfaumfrwDrsm; /
/ &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkpnf;rsOf; tcef;(10)? t
ydk'f (7) t& zGJUpnf;&rnfh qyfaumfrwDrsm;ESifh vdktyfaomXmersm;twGuf qyfaumfrwDrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif;
zGJUpnf; cJhonf/
tdk;a0r*Zif;aumfrwD
udkvSaT
tdk;a0wm0efcH
udkeE
(aiGxdef;)
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twGif;a&;rSL;
udkausmfcif
tvkyfrefae*sm
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udkZeDOD;
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r&D&Da|;
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653
pmMunfUwdkufaumfrwD
udkjrodef;
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wm0efcH
(aiGxdef;)
'k-Ou|
twGif;a&;rSL;
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(aiGxdef;)
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wuov
kd u
f pm;ckepf m;aumfrwDtwGuf wuoud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf atmufyg (5) OD;udk aG;cs,fco
hJ nf/
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udkbGefY
udkausmfpdk;
654

(i) trIaqmiftzGJYtpnf;rsm;
wuotrIaqmiftpnf;ta0;udk (18) Budrfusif;ycJhonf/ tdk;a0wm0efcHESifh pmMunfhwdkufrSL;rsm; twGuf
(17) Budrfom jzpfayonf/ trIaqmifrsm;ESifh tpnf;ta0; wufaomtcsdefrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/
udkwifat;- (18) Budrf? udkwifarmif- (12) Budrf? udkeE- (18) Budrf? udkAaqGav;- (18) Budrf?
udkapmarmif- (13) Budrf? udkxGef;Munf- (17) Budrf? udkvSMunf- (13) Budrf? udkombef;- (17) Budrf?
udkrif;axG;- (12) Budrf? udkjrodef;- (11) Budrf? udkvSaT- (17) Budrf/
(2) trIaqmiftzGJY\ 0g'ESifUvkyfief;pOfrsm;/
&efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* 1960-61 \ Ou|opf usrf;opmusdeq
f ykd u
JG kd 1960 ck? Ed0k ifbmv
(17) &ufaeYwiG f wuocef;rusif;yum &efuek w
f uov
kd af usmif;om;rsm;or* 1960-61 trIaqmiftzGUJ \0g'ESihf
vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/
0g'
1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaomynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0om,majzmifhjzL;a&;?
2/ ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyemwdkif;wGif aqmifGufvdkaom ausmif;om;
tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmifGufa&;?
3/ Nidr;f csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xde;f odr;f jriw
hf ifa&;ESihf ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ES;D pGmaygif;oif;quf
qHa&;/
EdkifiHwumausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIESifhywfoufonfh tajccHoabmxm;
1/ bmomt,l0g' rcGjJ cm;bJ? tom;ta&mif rcGjJ cm;bJ? Edik if w
H umausmif;om;rsm;ESihf &if;ES;D cspfMunfa&;? rdwaf qGjzpf
a&;wdkYtwGuf vkyfaqmif&ef?
2/ ynmoifMum;a&;tajctae ydrk w
kd ;kd wufaumif;rGeaf &;twGuf Edik if w
H umausmif;om;rsm;? ausmif;om;tzGUJ tpnf;
rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmifGuf&ef?
3/ urmYNidr;f csr;f a&; xde;f odr;f a&;ESihf e,fcsUJ qefYusiaf &;? udv
k ekd pD epfqefYusiaf &;? trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&; wdu
k yf rJG sm;
tm; taxmuftuljyK&ef?
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nDvmcHBuD;rS csrSwfaom urmhjidrf;csrf;a&;xdef;odrf;a&;? vufeufavQmhaygha&;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmif&ef?
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vkyfief;pOfrsm;
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rsm; csrSwfcJhonf/
1/ ESpfcgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;?
2/ tcvGwf ynmoifMum;a&;pepf jyefvnf&Sda&;?
3/ wuodkvfwGif ynmoifMum;a&; tajctae aumif;rGefap&ef rzefwD;EdkiforQ ZGefvaemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJrsm;
qufvufxm;Sd ay;&ef?
4/ wuodkvfwGif jrefrmpmudk oifMum;rIr@dKiftjzpf owfrSwfay;&ef?
5/ pwdkifyif paumvmSpfrsm; t&nftwGufESifh t&nftcsif; wdk;jrifhay;&ef?
6/ jy|mef;aom ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfrsm;? ausmif;oHk;ud&d,mrsm; oufompGm&Sda&;?
7/ ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf Munf;? a&? av toGm;EIef;rsm; avQmhaygha&;?
8/ wuodkvfaxmufyhHaMu; ydkrdkay;&ef?
9/ ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfay;a&;?
10/ t&nftcsif;jynfhq&mrsm; ydkrdkcefYxm;ay;a&;?
11/ tajctaeESifh rudkufnDbJ jy|mef;xm;aom ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm; y,fzsufay;a&;?
12/ 1959 ckESpf wuodkvftufOya' (jyifqifcsuf) y,fzsufay;a&;?
13/ q&mausmif;om; em;vnfrIwdk;wufa&;ESifh &if;ESD;pGm yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;&ef/
655
(3) trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aqmifGufcsufrsm;
udkvdkeDpepfqefhusifa&;ESifU ulrifwefusL;ausmfrIqEjyyGJ
azazmf0g&D (21) &uf udkvdkeDqefYusifa&;aeYwGif vli,fausmif;om; trsKd;orD;tzGJUrsm;uBuD;rSL; udkvdkeD
pepfqefYusifa&;ESifh tar&duef autrfwDusL;ausmfrI uefYuGufqEjyyGJBuD;udk BuD;rSL;usif;yum b,fvf*sD,HoHHk;ESifh
tar&duefoHHk;rsm;odkY oGm;a&mufqEjycJhonf/
qEjyyGJwGif jrefrmjynf\ ajrmufbufESifh taSUbufa'orsm;odkY vufeufjzifh0ifa&muf usL;ausmfae
aom tar&duefe,fcsJUorm;\ cg;ydkufaqmif autrfwDusL;ausmfa&;orm;rsm;tm; armif;xkwfa&;ESifh uGef*dkjynf\
w&m;0if0efBuD;csKyf vlrGefbm;tm; owfjzwfvdkufrIudk uefYuGufa&;wdkYtwGuf jrefrmEdkifiHSd vli,fausmif;om;?
trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh jynfolw&yfvkH; yg0ifum qEjycJhayonf/
odkY Nidrf;csrf;pGm qEjyolrsm;tm; yxptpdk;&onf rsuf&nf,kdAHk;? rD;owfydkuf? 0g;&if;wkwfrsm;omru
aoewfrsm;jzifyh if ypfcwftMurf;zufum t"rErdS Ef iS ;f cJah yonf/ odYktMurf;zufum &uf&ufpufpuf ESrd Ef iS ;f rIaMumifh
OD;vlav;ESifh udkoef;jrifhwdkY aoqHk;onfhtjyif? twGif;vlemtjzifh oHCmawmf (1) yg; tygt0if vlaygif; (53)
OD; 'Pf&m&um? tjyifvel mtjzpf trsm;tjym; 'Pf&m&Scd ahJ yonf/ nbufwiG f qufvufqEjyaom jynforl sm;tm;
qufvuf tMurf;zufESdrfESif;um yk'fr (144) xkwfcJhayonf/ vli,fausmif;om; jynfol tajrmuftrsm;udkvnf;
zrf;qD;cJhayonf/
xdYkaMumifh azazmf0g&D (24) &ufaeYwiG f tMurf;zufrI Iwcf sa&;? tar&duefpu
G zf ufrEI iS hf ulrifwefusL;ausmrf I
rsm;tm; rsufajcrysufa&;wdYk twGuf ausmif;om;xkqEjyyGu
J kd wuocef;rwGif Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf? &uowdYk BuD;rSL;
um usif;ycJhonf/
xdYk jyif Adv
k rf LS ;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZm acgif;aqmifaom e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ESihf autrfwu
D sL;ausmfrI wdu
k zf suf
a&; trsKd;om;aumfrwDwGif yg0ifum wkwfjzLusL;ausmfrIqefYusifa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifcJhayonf/ AdkvfrSL;csKyf
a[mif;ausmfaZmftm; wuoodYk zdwaf c:um wkwjf zLusL;ausmfrEI iS hf ywfoufaom a[majymyGw
J ckukd jyKvkyu
f sif;ycJh
ayonf/
(4) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;umuG,fa&;ESifU ywfoufaomaqmifGufcsufrsm;
(u) ausmif;pnf;urf;jyem /
/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS tMuHay;pnf;urf;rsm;udk a&;qGJxkwfjyefcJh&m
xdkpnf;urf;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; rvdkufemEdkifonfh tcsufrsm; yg0ifaeonf/ wuoonf ausmif;pnf;urf;Sd&
rnf[laom rludk vHk;0vufcHonf/ wuoonf ausmif;pnf;urf;ESifhywfouf ausmif;om;qEESifhtnD ausmif;
om;rsm;? q&mrsm; yl;aygif;ndEdIif;um ausmif;om;rsm;\ pmayoifMum;rItajctae? aexdkifrItajctaewdkYjzifh
udkufnDpGm a&;qGJxm;aom pnf;urf;rsm;jzpf&ef vdktyfonf[k wifjycJhayonf/
ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS wDxiG cf srSwv
f maom aoG;d;k om;d;k r[kwo
f nfh ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udk uefYuu
G f
cJhonf/
(c) ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDESifUausmif;omudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jyem /
/ 1959 ckESpf? pufwifbmvwGif &efukef
wuov
kd f ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS wuoud,
k pf m;vS,f (2) OD;tm; xkwyf pfcahJ yonf/ wuoonf ausmif;aqmif
aumfrwDwiG f wuoud,
k pf m;vS,f (2) OD; jyefvnfyg0ifa&;twGuf tpOftquf awmif;qdck o
hJ nf/ ,ckEpS w
f iG v
f nf;
ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwiG f wuoud,
k pf m;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifa&;twGuf xyfrBH udK;pm;&if; ausmif;aqmif aumfrwDxH
ar;jref;&mwGif ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS 1960 ckESpf? azazmf0g&D (3) &ufaeY wuodkvfaumifpDrS csrSwfcJhaom
o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;tm; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef[laom qHk;jzwf
csufudk jyefMum;cJhayonf/
odkY w&m;0ifjyefMum;csuft& avmavmq,f ausmif;aqmifjyemrsm;ESifh ywfouf qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;
csrSwfjcif;? aqmifGufjcif;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifEdkifa&;twGuf ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifh
pmzwftoif;rsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKonfh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;rS o[m,ESifh
pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGUJ Ou|ESihf wuo vlxq
k ufo,
G af &; XmerSL;wdYk tm; ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf ausmif;
aqmifaumfrwDodkY apvTwfcJhonf/
ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;teuf o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf Ou|udkom ausmif;aqmif
656

aumfrwDwGif vufcHNyD; wuovlxkqufoG,fa&;rSL;tm; o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm; tzGJUcsKyftrIaqmif r[kwf
aomaMumifh[k taMumif;jyum ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif vufrcHbJ xm;cJhayonf/
,cifEpS Of ;D wGif ay:aygufaeaom ausmif;aqmif rvHak vmufrjI yemrsm;udk yg0ifajzSi;f &eftwGuf usefdS
aeaom ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD;ae&mwGif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL;tm;
ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDoYkd ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f jzpf xyfraH y;ydYk cYJ onf/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD obmywdonf
aemufxyfay;ydYk aom ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f m; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwiG f vufc&H efukd taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jyum
tcsdefqGJcJhayonf/
wcsdefxJwGif ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif yg0ifaeaom ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftm;vnf; ausmif;aqmif
aumfrwDrS xkwfy,f&ef BudK;pm;jyefonf/ aumfrwDwGifyg0ifaom udk,fpm;vS,ftm; bGJU&oGm; ausmif;aqmifwGif
raeonfudk taMumif;jyum Mo*kwf (2) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom? ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDodkY wufa&mufcGifh rjyKbJ
aumfrwDrS xkwfy,fcJhonf/
odkYaomf o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL;tm; tcsdefqGJxm;cJhaomfvnf; rSefuefaom
awmif;qdck suftm; rvGeq
f efEikd b
f J Mo*kwv
f (2) &ufaeYwiG f usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDoYkd wufa&mufciG jhf yK
cJh&onf/
(*) ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rw&m;dkufESufrI / / 27? 9? 60 &ufaeY? n (9) em&DwGif urmGwfvSnf;wef; t0dkif;
BuD;teD; vuf&nfaomuf&ef xGufvmaom ausmif;om; (3) OD;tm; 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;wOD;u dkufESufcJhayonf/
12? 11? 61 &ufaeYuvnf; tif;vsm;uefwGif iSufypfxGufaom ausmif;om;tcsKdUtm; ppfom;rsm; dkuf
ESufcJhayonf/
odYk tMurf;zuf&efpjcif;jzifh at;csrf;pGmaevdak om ausmif;om;rsm;tm; vIyf mS ;rIrsm;jzpfvmap&ef MuHpnf
zefwD;jcif;rsm;udk wuorS tav;teuf IwfcsuefYuGufcJhonf/ owif;pmSif;vif;yGJrsm;jzifh wuo\ oabmxm;
rsm;udk jynfolodkY wifjycJhayonf/
(C) trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmifrsm; ESpfywfvnfnpmpm;yGJ /
/ trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmif ESpfywfvnf npmxrif;
pm;yGrJ sm;udk ausmif;aqmifaSUjrufcif;jyifwiG f tpOftvmt& jyKvkycf MhJ uayonf/ ,ckEpS w
f iG f ausmif;om;a&;rSL;rsm;u
ausmif;aqmifaSU jrufcif;rsm;wGif usif;ycGirhf ay;bJ ausmif;aqmif xrif;pm;cef;wGio
f m usif;y&ef trdeYf ay;cJo
h nf/
odYk wm;jrpfjcif;onf ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rsm;\ ta&;BuD;aom vkyif efrsm;tm; zsuq
f ;D ypfjcif;
csKd;ESrd yf pfjcif; oabmxm;odYk oufa&mufaeonft
h jyif? ausmif;aqmif ta&;tcif;rsm;wGif o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;
rsm;\ vGwfvyfpGm aqmifGufEdkifcGifhudk ydwfyif&ma&mufojzifh wuoonf uefYuGufcJhayonf/
(i) ygarmucsKyfcefhxm;a&; /
/ AdkvfcsKyftpdk;&vufxufu cefYxm;cJhaom &efukefwuodkvf ygarmucsKyf
a'gufwmvSjrifh Ekwx
f u
G o
f mG ;ojzifh ygarmucsKyfae&mwGif xyfrcH efYxm;&ef ac:,l&m avQmufxm;ol (3) OD;Scd o
hJ nf/
wuodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;? ynmoifMum;a&; jyemrsm;wGif ygarmucsKyfonf wuodkvfzGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkt& tmPm
tSdqHk; yk*dKvfjzpfaomaMumifh ygarmucsKyfcefYxm;a&;onf vGefpGmta&;BuD;onhf jyemjzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh
wuorS ygarmucsKyf cefYxm;a&;twGuf oabmxm;w&yfudk xkwfjyefaMunmcJhayonf/
wuodkvf tkyfcsKyfykHoPmefonf (Unitary System) jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf ygarmucsKyfwGif tmPmrsm;
pkjyHKaeonf/ ygarmucsKyfonf wOD;wnf;tmPmSif jzpfaeonf/ wuodkvf wnfaqmufykHoPmefudk jyifqif&ef
vdktyfonf[k wifjycJhonf/
avmavmq,ftm;jzifh xdzk UJG pnf;tkycf sKyfypkH epfukd rjyifqifEikd rf D ygarmucsKyf aG;&mwGif ynmwd;k wufap&ef
aqmifGufEdkifrnfhol? tem*wf wuodkvf wdk;wufom,ma&;udk aqmifGufEdkifrnfhol? q&mrsm; ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh
qufqaH &; ajyjypfaumif;rGerf nfo
h ?l Nidr;f csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;twGuf pGr;f aqmifEikd rf nfo
h ?l tusifph m&dw aumif;
rGefjzLpifrnhfoludkom aG;cs,fcefYxm;&ef wifjycJhayonf/
xdkoabmxm;udk EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfodkYvnf; wifjycJhayonf/ ygarmucsKyfcefYxm;a&;ESifh ywfouf
tpdk;&tmPmydkiftcsKdUu rdrdwdkY tvdkus cg;ydkufaqmif ygarmucsKyfwa,mufjzpfvma&; wuodkvfudk rdrdwdkY tvdkus
cs,fvS,fEdkifa&;wdkYtwGuf BudK;yrf;csufrsm;udkvnf; ausmif;om;xkodkY azmfxkwfwifjycJhayonf/
657
xdkYjyif ygarmucsKyfopfaG;cs,frnfh wuodkvfaumifpDtpnf;ta0;yGJodkY Zefe0g&Dv (28) &ufaeYwGif
wuoESifh tzGJUtpnf;aygif;pHku OD;aqmif 0dkif;0ef; qEjycJhMuonf/ wuodkvfaumifpD vlBuD;rsm;tm;vnf;
yef;Mum;vTm wapmifxw
k u
f m yefMum;cJah yonf/ wuov
kd af umifprD S ygarmucsKyftjzpf a'gufwmomvStm; aG;cs,f
cefYxm;cJhayonf/
ygarmucsKyftjzpf aG;cs,fjcif;cH&aom a'gufwmomvSonf ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tpOftvmtm;jzifh
rajyjypfoljzpfaomfvnf; wuotaeESifh wuodkvfwGif rvdkvm;tyfaom jyemrsm; ray:aygufa&;? wdkif;jynf\
ynma&;wd;k wufa&;? wuov
kd f om,mwd;k wufa&;? Nidr;f csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;wdYk twGuf qufvuf BudK;yrf;oGm;
rnfjzpfaMumif; aMunmcJhayonf/
(p) ausmif;aqmifrvHkavmufrIjyem /
/ ,ckESpf 1961 ck? ynmoifESpfwGif tpOftvmtm;jzifh SdaecJhaom
ausmif;aqmif rvHkavmufrIjyemrSm ydkrdkBuD;rm;vmcJhayonf/ &efukefwuodkvfwGif tpOftvmt& ausmif;aqmif
rvHak vmufrI cdS jhJ cif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? vGecf ahJ omESpf pufwifbmv aemufqufwpJG mar;yGEJ iS hf rwfvpmar;yGrJ sm;wGif
atmifEIef;rsm;vmjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? xD;wef;ESifh &efuif;aumvdyfudk tif*sifeD,mr[mXmeodkY kwfw&uf
aTUajymif;vmjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? ay:aygufvmcJhonfh ausmif;aqmifjyemudk ajzSif;&ef BudKwif rjyifqif
aomaMumifh vnf;aumif;? ,ckEpS w
f iG f ausmif;aqmifrvHak vmufrjI yemrSm ydrk Bkd uD;rm;vmayonf/ odYkaomf wuov
kd f
tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh ausmif;aqmiftmPmydkifrsm;onf xdkjyemrsm;twGuf rnfodkYrQ BudKwifjyifqifjcif; rjyKcJhay/
ausmif;aqmifae&m rvHkavmufonfh jyemBuD;rm;vmNyD; xdyfwef;odkYa&mufvmrS ausmif;aqmiftmPmydkifrsm;
rsufvHk;jyL;cJh&ayonf/
ausmif;aqmifjyem BuD;rm;rIaMumifh wuoESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf atmufyg
awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDodkY awmif;qdkcJhonf/
(u) wcef;vQif (2) a,mufxm;&ef?
(c) tu,f rvHkavmufvQif ,ckvufSd xrif;pm;cef;rrsm;wGif aexdkifapum ,m,Dxrif;pm;cef;rsm;
aqmufvkyf&ef?
(*) tu,f rvHkavmufvQif aexdkif&ef ,m,DwJrsm; aqmufvkyfay;&ef?
(C) ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; aqmufvyk af y;&efEiS hf ausmif;aqmifjyemudk ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf yl;wGaJ jzSi;f
&ef/
ausmif;aqmifae&mcsxm;a&;aumfrwDwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifcGifhay;&ef awmif;qdkcJhay
onf/ xdkawmif;qdkcsufrsm;ESifh ywfouf 19? 6? 61 aeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;wGif
pOf;pm;um wcef; (2) a,mufxm;&efESifh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; ausmif;aqmifae&mcsxm;a&;aumfrwD
wGif yg0ifcGifhay;&ef qHk;jzwfcJhavonf/
ausmif;aqmif ae&mrvHak vmufro
I nf ausmif;om;rsm;\ ynmoifMum;a&;udk rsm;pGmxdcu
kd o
f nf[k wuo
rS ,HkMunfayonf/ ae&mSdoavmufom ay;NyD;? usefolrsm; aecsif&mae rdrdwdkY bmomzefwD;Mu[laom tmPmydkif
wdkY\ t,ltqudk wuotaeESifh vHk;0vufrcHEdkifay/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aqmifaexdkif ynmoifMum;vdkonfh
ausmif;om;wdkif; ausmif;aqmifae&m&&ef wuoonf enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;SmMuH awmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifcJhayonf/
wuoonf avmavmq,f &ifqikd af e&aom ausmif;aqmifrvHak vmufrI jyemudk ajzSi;f Edik &f eftwGuf ,ckpmoif
cef;tjzpf jyKvkyfxm;aom bDtdkpDaumvdyftm; ausmif;aqmiftjzpf ajymif;vJum ausmif;om;rsm;tm;xm;&ef quf
vuf wifjycJhayonf/ odkYaomf 26? 6? 61 &ufaeY usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;wGif wuo\
wifjycsuu
f kd ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD obmywd ygarmucsKyf a'gufwmomvSu vH;k 0vufrcHbJ obmywdtmPmoH;k
um y,fcscJhjyefonf/ xdkYaMumifh wuoonf 3? 7? 61 aeYwGif wuo ausmif;om;xk txl;tpnf;ta0;wck
ac:,lum ausmif;aqmifae&m tvHak vmuf&Sad &;? bDtpkd aD umvdyt
f m; ausmif;aqmiftjzpf ajymif;vJum ae&mcsxm;
ay;&efESifh ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; tjrefaqmufvkyfay;&ef wnDwGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfcJhavonf/ wuorS wifjycJh
aom wcef;ESpfa,muf aexdkifa&;rlwGif rauseyfaom ausmif;om;rsm; SdaeaomaMumifh wuoonf 3? 7? 61
&ufaeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;odkY ESpfa,mufwcef;pepfudk twif;rusifhoHk;bJ ESpf
a,mufESpfcef; aexdkifEdkifolrsm;udk if;wdkYqEt& ESpfa,mufa,mufcef; aexdkifcGifhjyK&ef wifjyawmif;qdkcJh&m ausmif;
aqmifaumfrwDrS y,fcscJah yonf/ xdYk jyif wuoonf txl;ausmif;om;tpnf;ta0;rS qH;k jzwfawmif;qdck sufrsm;udk
658

Zlvdkifv (8) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom wuodkvfaumifpDodkY wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/ if;aumifpDtpnf;ta0; usif;y
aomaeYwGif wuoonf ausmif;om; (2000) ausmfESifh wuodkvfaumifpDtm; 0dkif;0ef;qEjycJhMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh
wuov
kd af umifprD S ausmif;aqmifae&mSmazGa&; txl;aumfrwDw&yf zGUJ pnf;um ausmif;aqmifaeolwikd ;f ae&m&Sad &;
wm0efay;tyfco
hJ nf/ ausmif;aqmifae&mSmazGa&;aumfrwDonf ,m,DwaJ usmif;rsm; aqmufvyk &f eftwGuf tpd;k &xH
aiG (7) odef; wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/ odkYaomf tpdk;&onf aiG (7) odef;udk xkwfray;bJaeojzifh ,aeYwdkif ,m,D
wJausmif; aqmufa&;vkyfief;rSm rpEdkifbJ jzpfaeayonf/ ausmif;aqmifr&ao;olwdkif; ausmif;aqmif&a&; jyem
rsm;vnf; ,aeYwdkifrajzSif;Edkifjzpfaeonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aqmifaeoifholwdkif; ausmif;aqmifae&m&a&;twGuf
Mo*kwfv (1) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;odkY wuo&Jabmfrsm;onf ydkpwmrsm;
udkifaqmifum xyfrHqEjycJhMuonf/
,aeYxd ausmif;aqmifae&m r&Sdao;aom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om; trsm;tjym;Sdaeayao;onf/ if;wdkY
onf aexdik rf t
I cuftcJrsm;Mum;rS qif;&Jyifyef;pGm ynmoifMum;aeMu&ayonf/ if;wdYkEiS hf ywfouf ausmif;aqmif
aumfrwDESifhwuG wuodkvftmPmydkifrsm;wGifvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&wGifvnf;aumif;? wm0efBuD;rm;pGmSdae
onf[k wuorS ,lqayonf/ odkY&mwGif wm0ef&Sdol tmPmydkifrsm;taeESifh xdkausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf
wdusaom oabmxm;rSdao;bJ jzpfaeay&m xdkjyem ajyvnfa&;twGuf qufvufaqmifGuf ajzSif;ay;&ef
vdktyfayonf/ wuotaeESifhvnf; ausmif;aqmifae&mr&Sdao;ol ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf qufvufwdkufyGJ0if
aqmifGufoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/
(5) ynmoifMum;a&;ESifUygwfoufaom aqmifGufcsufrsm;/
(u) aq;odyEH iS t
Uf if*sief ,
D m0ifciG t
Uf &nftcsi;f pmar;yGJ / / 1960-61 ynmoifESpf ESpfOD;ydkif;wGif &efukefwuodkvf
qD;edwfu Oypmtxufwef;udk atmifjrifNyD; aq;odyHESifh tif*sifeD,modkY 0ifa&muf&ef vdktyfonfh trSwfrjynfhol?
(Eligible) rjzpfolwdkYonf aq;odyHESifhtif*sifeD,modkY 0ifEdkifa&;twGuf bmompHk (5) bmompvHk; ajzqdk&rnfjzpf
aMumif; aMunmcJhonf/
odkYjyKvkyfjcif;onf aq;odyHESifhtif*sifeD,mwdkYwGif ausmif;taqmufttHk rvHkavmufjcif;aMumifh aq;
odyHESifh tif*sifeD,modyHodkY ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; ta&mufenf;&ef MuHpnfjcif;om jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh
wuoonf (5) bmom jyefajza&;rludk uefYuGufum trSwfrjynfhaombmom&yfudkom jyefvnfajza&;twGuf
awmif;qdck ahJ yonf/ trSwrf jynfah om bmom&yf jyefajz&eftwGuf r&Sad omfvnf; (Eligible) oH;k bmomjyefajz&ef
wuodkvfaumifpDrS cGifhjyKcJhayonf/
(c) aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJusif;ya&; / / 1960 ck? pmoifESpf tprSp EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh wuodkvfaumifpDu
&efuek w
f uov
kd w
f iG f ynma&;ajymif;vJjyifqifcsufrsm;tjzpf wuov
kd t
f ufOya' jyifqifjcif;? ausmif;vcaumufcH
jcif;? pnf;rsOf;opfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;ESifh pmar;yGJpepfopfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;wdkYudk pwiftaumiftxnf azmfcJhonf/
pmar;yGJpepfESifh ywfouf &efukefwuodkvfwGif 1960 ckESpfrSp ZGefv aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJudk zsuf
odrf;um pmar;yGJwckusif;y&ef pDpOfcJhonf/ odkUaomfvnf; 1960 ckESpf aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf
wuou awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJh&m wuodkvftmPmydkifrsm; taejzifhvnf; aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJw&yfudk pufwif
bmvwGif usif;yay;cJhonf/ odkYaomf 1960-61 ckESpfwGif aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJudk zsufodrf;cJhonf/
wuotaeESifh ,aeYwuodkvf\ oifMum;ydkYcsyHkonf ajymif;vJjyifqifjyKpkjcif; rSdcJhao;? oifMum;ydkYcs
&ef tajctaejzpfonfh ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*? t&nftcsif;jynfh q&mrsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufjcif;
rSdao;? oifdk;oifwef; pmar;yGJpepfrSp ajymif;vJjynfhpHkjcif; rSdao;yg[k ,lqonf/ xdkYjyif ausmif;om;rsm;\
ynmoifMum;a&; tajctaerSm ausmif;aqmif rvHak vmufjcif;? pmar;yGu
J s ausmif;xkwpf epfrsm;jzifh Ncdr;f ajcmufcaH e
&jcif; ponfwdkYESifh rjynfhpHk rwnfrNidrfjzpfae&onf/ odkYaom tajctaersm;wGif aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJrsm;udk
qufvufxm;Sd&ef vdktyfonf[k wuorS ,HkMunfayonf/ xdkUaMumifh wuoonf wuo\ oabmxm;udk
wuov
kd f aumifpo
D Ukd wifjyum aemufqufwpJG mar;yGJ xm;Sad &;udk awmif;qdck YJonf/ ausmif;om;xk twGi;f odUk vnf;
aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJESifhywfoufaom oabmxm;udk xkwfjyefcJhonf/
(*) pmar;yGJpepfopf /
/ &efukefwuodkvfwGif 1960-61 ESpfrSp wuodkvfpmar;yGJ yHkpHopfw&yfudk usifhoHk;

659
aeonf/ wuotaejzifv
h nf; wuov
kd \
f vufpdS mar;yGpJ epfukd ajymif;vJa&;rlukd vufcaH yonf/ vufdS pmar;yGJ
pepfudk ajymif;vJypf&ef 1958 ckESpf Mo*kwfvwGif usif;yjyKvkyfaom jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,f
yGJBuD;rSvnf;aumif;? 1960 ck atmufwdkbmvwGif usif;yjyKvkyfaom Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHrSvnf;aumif;
csrw
S cf ahJ yonf/ xdYkaMumifh wuoonf ,aeYwuov
kd w
f iG f usio
hf ;kH aeaom pmar;yGpJ epfopftm; ynma&;tajccHay:
wGif rltm;jzifh oabmudkufnDayonf/
odYk aomf pmar;yGpJ epfopf wcktm; ajymif;vJrnfqv
kd Qif pmar;yGpJ epfEiS hf wqufwnf;jzpfaom oifMum;ydYk
csyHkpepf? oifMum;ydkYcsrI tajctae? oifdk;oifwef;rsm;udkyg jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ayrnf/ odkYrSomvQif wajy;nDaom
ajymif;vJr?I rSeu
f efaom jyKjyifrrI sm; jzpfrnf/ xdo
k Ykd tajctaet&yf&yfukd ravYvmrajymif;vJbJ pmar;yGpJ epfwckwnf;
udkom uGufuGufuav;jrif ajymif;vJ&ef BudK;pm;cJhonfqdkygu pdwful;,Ofjcif;rQom jzpfayonf/
,aeY wuov
kd t
f ajctaeudk jyefvnfqef;ppfvQif vufdS ynmoifMum;ydYkcsypkH epftm; ajymif;vJ&efppD Ofjcif;
rSdbJ vufSd ausmif;taqmuftOD rvHkavmufrI? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm* rvHkavmufrI? t&nftcsif;jynfh q&mOD;a&
ESifh ausmif;om;OD;a& rrQwrI ponfh oifMum;ydkcsa&; tajctaewdkYudk jyKjyifzefwD; jznfhpGufjcif;rsm;udk rawGU&ay/
xdkYaMumifh ,ckESpf pwifusifhoHk;aeaom pmar;yGJpepfopfonf wuodkvf tajctaet&yf&yftm; ajymif;vJ
jyKjyifjcif;rSb
d J atmifjrifEikd rf nf r[kwaf y/ xdYk jyif ,ckEpS u
f sio
hf ;kH aeaom pmar;yGpJ epf\ tcGit
hf a&;rsm;rSm rSwyf w
kH if
ausmif;om;rsm;om tjynft
h 0 &Sad yrnf/ xdYk aMumifh ausmif;om;wdik ;f rSwyf w
kH ifausmif;om;b0udk cH,El ikd af &;twGuf
pmar;yGJusausmif;xkwfpepfudk zsufodrf;&efESifh ausmif;aecsifolwdkif; ausmif;aecGifhjyK&ef vdktyfaMumif; oabmxm;
w&yfudk xkwfjyefcJhayonf/
,cktcgwGif wuodkvfwGif pmoifcef; rvHkavmufjcif;? q&m rvHkavmufjcif; jyem &ifqdkifae&onf/
wuou OD;pGm axmufjycJhonfhtwdkif; pepfrSm ratmifrjrif jzpfvm&onf/ enf;jyoifwef;rsm;rSm wywfxuf
wywf tcsdefavQmhvmonf/ q&mrsm;vnf; rEdkifreif;jzpfum ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; pdwfysufaeMuonf/ pmar;yGJ
pepfopfESifhywfouf wuoonf oabmxm;tjynfhtpHkudk xyfrHpOf;pm;um vkyfief;rsm; taumiftxnfazmf&ef
vdkayonf/
wuodkvf\ ynmoifMum;a&; wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;twGufum; wyGJxdk;aq;NrD;wdkjzifh pdwful;wnfh&m
avQmufvkyfaer&? pdwful;,Ofr&[k wuou tav;teuf,HkMunfonf/ wuodkvfoifMum;a&; aumif;rGef
wd;k wufvmap&ef wuov
kd w
f iG f ynmoifMum;rItajctae ydrk w
kd ;kd wuf aumif;rGev
f map&ef ynma&;jyKjyif ajymif;vJ
a&;udkvnf; tav;teufxm;um aqmifGuf&efvdktyfayonf/
(6) yGJobiftcrf;tem;rsm;
(u) usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJ /
/ 1960-61ck &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* Ou|opf\ usrf;opmusdef
qdkyGJtcrf;tem;udk 1960 ck? Edk0ifbmv (17) &uf? aeYvnf (1) em&DtcsdefwGif wuocef;r usif;ycJhonf/
usdrf;opmusdefqdkyGJodkY ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;? or*trIaqmifrsm;? q&m? q&mrrsm;? EdkifiHjcm;oHHk;rsm;rS
{nfhonfawmfrsm; wufa&mufMuayonf/ usrf;opmusdefqdkyGJodkY q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;u o0PfvGmay;ydkYcJh
onf/ usrf;usdeyf u
JG kd wuo\ yxrqH;k Ou| OD;ausmfcif vma&muf usrf;usdeaf y;cJo
h nf/ xdu
k srf;opmusdeq
f ykd w
JG iG f
&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* trIaqmiftzGJU\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk aMunmcJhayonf/ usrf;opmusdef
qdkyGJwGif tpOftvmtm;jzifh ausmif;aeY0uf ydwfxm;cJhaomfvnf; ,ckESpfwGif ygarmucsKyfu ydwfray;cJhacs/ odkY
ygarmucsKyf\ tjyKtrltwGuf wuoonf 0rf;enf;aMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/
(c) atmufwdkbm txdrf;trSwfaeh /
/ 1953 ck? atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ta&;awmfyHktm; tav;
teufxm;aomtm;jzifh atmufwdkbm (3) &ufaeYwGif ausmif;om;xk aoG;pnf;nDGwfa&; oabmxm;aMunmcsuf
wapmifudk xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/
(*) q|rtBudrfajrmuf Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyfnDvmcH / / ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ (6)
Budrfajrmuf nDvmcHudk wuocef;r 1960 ck? atmufwdkbm (20) &ufaeYrS (24) &ufaeYtxd usif;ycJhayonf/
wuo\ nDvmcHodkY aemifawmfnDawmf wuodkvfor*rsm;ESifhtwl wufa&mufcJhayonf/ &efukefwuodkvf\
tajctaeudk wifjyum Armw0Srf;vHk;Sd ausmif;om;rsm;\ b0tajctae? ynmoifMum;a&; tajctae? 'Drdkua&pD
660

a&; tajctaewdYkukd aqG;aEG;cJo
h nf/ nDvmcHBuD;rS ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;? ynmoifMum;rI tajctaewd;k wuf
aumif;rGefa&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDa&;? jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk csrSwfEdkifcJhayonf/
(C) urmhausmif;om;rsm;aeh /
/ Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYudk urmYausmif;om;or*rS urmYausmif;om;aeY
tjzpf owfrw
S cf ahJ yonf/ ArmEdik if w
H iG f urmYausmif;om;aeYukd 1951 ckEpS rf S pwif usi;f ycJah yonf/ ,ckEpS w
f iG v
f nf;
urmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYudk wuojrufcif;wGif usif;ycJhayonf/ aeYwGif jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyfSm;rI "gwfyHk
jyyGJESifh rsufarSmufacwf yef;csDq&mrsm;\ aq;a&;yef;csDjyyGJudk wuo pmMunfhcef;wGif usif;ycJhayonf/ wuo
oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerS pma&;puL? pmtdwf ponfrsm;? ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD;rS rkefY[if;cg;? bl;oD;aMumf
ponfrsm;udk a&mif;cscJhonf/ <ua&mufvmaom {nfhonfawmfrsm;? ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tNidrfhjzifh
{nfhcHazsmfajzcJhonf/
(i) trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeh / / atmufwdkbmv (27) &ufaewGif &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*? Arm
EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &efukefckdifvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*wdkY yl;wGJum tBudrf (40)
ajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYudk wckwnf;aom trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYBuD;tjzpf usif;ya&;ESifhywfouf oabmxm;
aMunmcsufwapmifudk xkwfjyefcJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifh EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u jrefrmEdkifiHSd EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;?
ausmif; om;or*rsm;yg0ifaom trsK;d om;atmifyaJG eYukd usi;f ya&;aumfrwDw&yf zJUG pnf;um tBudrf (41) Budraf jrmuf
trsKd;om;atmifyJGaeYudk 1960 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (12) &ufaeYwGif NrdKUawmfcef;raSUwGif usif;ycJhayonf/ xdktcrf;
tem;wGif ausmif;om;or*rsm; udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf Ou| udkcifarmiftkef;u rdefYcGef;ajymMum;
cJhonf/ tcrf;tem;tNyD;wGif ausmif;om;or*BuD; (3) cku OD;aqmifum pDwef;vSnfhvnfyGJudk jyKvkyfcJhonf/
(p) Adkvfatmifausmfaeh / / (22) Budrfajrmuf AdkvfatmifausmfaeY tcrf;tem;udk 1960 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (20)
&ufaeYwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh yl;wGJum Adkvfatmifausmf usqkH;cJhaom Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;wGif usif;y
cJhonf/ xdkaeYtcrf;tem;wGif ynma&;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; tqdkrsm;udk wifoGif;qkH;jzwfcJhMuonf/
(q) wuodkvfESifUaumvdyfausmif;aygif;pkHaqG;aEG;yGJ /
(Z) aumvdyfaygif;pkHajy;ckefupm;yGJ /
/ 1960 ck? 'DZifbmv ___ ___ ___/
/ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ /
(ps) wuo tESpf (30) txdrf;trSwf yrtBudrfajrmuf ausmif;om;yGJawmf / / ESpfESpfwBudrf usif;yjrJjzpf

aom yrtBudrfajrmuf ausmif;om;yJGawmfudk wuo tESpf (30) ajrmuf txdrf;trSwfyJGawmftjzpf wuodkvfwGif
Zefe0g&Dv (6) &ufaeYrS (10) &ufaeYtxd usif;ycJhonf/
yJaG wmftBudKaeYjzpfaom Zefe0g&Dv (5) &ufaeYEiS hf (6-7) &ufaeYrsm;wGif wuov
kd jf rufcif;jyif vlrsK;d pka&;
&ma[majymyJGrsm;? ppfrjzpfrDESifh ppfNyD;acwf ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rIordkif;rsm;udk vlrsKd;pka&;&macgif;aqmifrsm;? ausmif;
om;acgif;aqmifrsm;u a[majymMuonf/ yJGawmfuyJGtcrf;tem;rsm;udk ESpfpOfusif;yjrJjzpfaom ,k'oefjrufcif;wGif
ygarmucsKyfu vkyfcGifhray;cJhojzifh atmifausmf&ifjyifwGif usif;ycJh&onf/ uyJGtcrf;tem;zGifhyJGudk Zefe0g&Dv
(9) &ufaeYwGif wuoyxrOu| OD;ausmfcifu zGifhvSpfcJhonf/ if;tcrf;tem;wGif urmYausmif;om;or*rsm;
twGif;a&;rSL;tzJGY0if rpwmbif[ifywfta&mAfu rdefYcGef;ajymMum;cJhonf/
ausmif;om;yJaG wmf nrsm;wGif vlrsKd;pka&;&mjycef;? ausmif;om;vIyf mS ;rI wuotESpf (30) ordik ;f 0ifypn;f
jycef;? yef;csDq&mOD;eef;a0\ wyifwikd yf ef;csDjycef;? rsufarSmufacwf umwGe;f q&mrsm;\ acwfaMu;rHk umwGe;f jycef;?
tif*sifeD,mjycef;? aq;ynmjycef; ponfrsm;udk jyocJhonf/ oHHk;toD;oD;rSvnf; jycef;rsm;zGifhvSpfjyojcif;?
kyfSifjyojcif;jzifh ulnDcJhMuonf/
ausmif;om;yJGawmf&ufrsm;wGif vufa0SYNyKdifyJGrsm;? jcif;,dkifcwfNyKdifyJGrsm;? acsmwdkifwufyJGrsm;? 'dk;ywfNyKdifyJG?
aqmif;yg;NyKdifyJG? 0wKNyKdifyJGrsm;udkvnf; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ ausmif;om;yJGawmfBuD;udk atmifjrifxl;jcm;pGm usif;yEdkifjcif;rSm
wuodkvfvlrsKd;pktoif;rsm;tzJGUcsKyf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzJGUcsKyf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;?
tuo? quoESifh ausmif;om;xk\ yl;aygif;BuKd;yrf;rIaMumifhjzpfonf[k wuorS tav;teuf,lqayonf/
661
(n) [,f&Dwefaehtcrf;tem; /
/ yrtBudrfajrmuf [,f&DwefaeYtcrf;tem;udk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uo
wdkYESifh yl;wGJum 1961 ckESpf? rwfv (22) &ufaeYwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/ or* (3) ckrS trIaqmifrsm;pka0;NyD;
[,f&Dweftkwf*lodkY oGm;a&mufNyD; vGrf;olYyef;acGrsm;csum t"d|mefpmwrf;rsm; zwfMum;cJhonf/
(#) tmZmenfaeh / / 1961 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (19) &ufaeY AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh tmZmenfacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;
usq;kH onfh (14) ESpaf jrmufaeYwiG f trsK;d om;ynma&;? trsK;d om;vGwv
f yfa&; Adou
k mBuD;rsm;owd& OD;Gwo
f nftae
ESifh wuo? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkY yl;aygif;um tmZmenfAdrmefodkY csDwuftav;jyKum? vGrf;olYyef;acGcsyGJESifh
uarmufurynma&; wdkifwnfyGJudk usif;ycJhonf/
(7) Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;
(u) Edik if jH cm;qufo,
G af &; / / ausmif;om;xkEiS hf jynfov
l x
l t
k wGuf wuo\ ajymifajrmufaom wdu
k yf rJG sm;aMumifh
vnf;aumif;? urmYausmif;om;tcsi;f csi;f aoG;pnfn
D w
G af &;vkyif ef;rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? wuo\ *kPo
f u
d m
onf urmYwdkif;jynfrsm;wGif xifSm;ay:vGifcJhonf/ wuoonf EdkifiHwumausmif;om; tzGJUtpnf;rsm; jzpfonfh
(International Union of Students, Co-ordinating Secretariat) rsm;ESiv
hf nf;aumif;? vli,ftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;
jzpfonfh (W.F.D.Y, W.A.Y) wdkUESifhvnf;aumif; qufqHcJhayonf/ txl;ojzifh (I.U.S, W.F.D.Y) wdkYESifh yl;wGJ
udkvdkeDqefYusifa&;? e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? EdkifiHwumausmif;om;vli,fwdkufyGJrsm;udk vkyfaqmifEdkifcJh
ayonf/ xdkYjyif urmYEdkifiHt&yf&yfSd ausmif;om;tzGJUrsm;ESifh qufoG,fEdkifcJhayonf/ tdEd,? *syef? wkwfjynf?
AD,uferf? puFmyl? tD&wf? kSm;? zifvef? qGDZmvef? *smrPD? awmiftmz&du? t,fvf*sD;&D;,m; ponfhwdkif;jynftoD;
oD;\ ausmif;om;tzGJUrsm;ESifh tquftoG,f &SdcJhayonf/ odkY&mwGif tmS-tmz&du pnf;vHk;nDGwfa&;twGuf
tmS-tmz&du wdkif;jynftoD;oD;ESifh auseyfjynfhpHkvHkavmufonftxd qufoG,frI tcdkiftrmrSdcJhay/ (World
University Service W.U.S) tzGJUESifhvnf; 1958 ckESpfrSp ,aeYtxd qufoG,frItjynfht0 rSdcJhay/
wuoonf e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;tcef;wGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifhtwl Armjynf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;
e,fcsJUtE&m,fESifh e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ta&;awmfyHkrsm;tm; rsufajcrysufapa&;? trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nDGwfa&; tif
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tm; wkwfjzLrsm; wdkufdkufusL;ausmfrI? tar&dueftpdk;&\ wdkufkdufpGufzufrIrsm;udk wuoonf tpOfowdSdcJh
ayonf/ xdYk aMumifh wkwjf zLusL;ausmfr?I tar&duefpu
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ESifh wkwfjynfolYorwEdkifiHESifh ___ &if;ESD;a&;udk rvdkvm;onfh tavsmuf ppfa&;? EdkifiHa&; ___ taESmifh
t,Sufay;aeonfudk wm;qD;&ef vdktyfcJhonf/ ___ ___ ArmpmcsKyf csKyfqdka&;? Ek-acsmif rlig;csufESifh
ArmEdkifiHMum;ae0g' ___ cJhayonf/ xdkYjyif tar&duefonf Armjynf\ pD;yGm;a&;? ___,Ofaus;rIwdkYwGif
0ifa&muf pGufzufEdkifa&; ___ qD;wdk;tkyfpkwGif;odkY yg0ifa&;wdkYtwGuf ___ ___ rsm; nDvmcHudk (Zefe0g&D
25 - azazmf0g&D __) ___aqmif ygupwef u&mcsdNrdKUwGif ___ ___ \ aumufuspfpOf;vJrIudk
azmfxkwfcJhayonf/ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _______________/
EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;twGuf wuo tESpf (30) ajrmuf ytBudrf ausmif;om;
yJGawmfodkYwufa&muf&ef EdkifiHwumvli,fausmif;om;tzJGUrsm;udk zdwfMum;cJhayonf/ (I.U.S) ___ eH,rf;
wuodkvfausmif;om;or*rS o0PfvTmrsm;&SdcJhonf/ *smref'Drdku&ufwpforwEdkifiHrS vli,fowif;pmq&m
rsm;tzJUG ? wkwjf ynfoYlorwEdik if \
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om;or*rsm;\ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk ydwfyifcJhayonf/ Armjynf\ wnfhrwfaom Mum;aea&;0g'udk rrSefruef
usifhoHk;cJhayonf/ zqyvtpdk;&? ppftpdk;&ESifh ,aeY yxptpdk;& vufxuftxd tpOftjrJ ausmif;om;vli,frsm;
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662

wGif;jynfy IwfcsuefYuGufcJhonf/
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yg0ifcJh&m wuo\ upm;ckefpm;vkyfief;rsm;pGmonf &efukefwuodkvf upm;ckefpm;aumifpD\ vkyfief;rsm;wGif
tusKH;0ifomG ;ayonf/ txl;ojzifh ,ckEpS w
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vdkvdkyif vufcHvkyfaqmifonfudk awGUjrif&ayonf/
wuoonf ESpfvnf ajy;ckefupm;yJGBuD;udk ydkrdkpnfum;pGm usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf aqmifGufcJhayonf/
yg0if,SOfNyKdifaom pepfudk toif;vdkuf yg0if,SOfNyKdifapjcif;tm;jzifh yg0if,SOfNyKdifolOD;a& rsm;jym;vmonfomru
vma&muftm;ay;MunfhIolrsm;vnf; ydkrdkvma&mufcJhayonf/ ae&mxdkifcif; rvHkavmufrIESifh tjcm;vkyfief;jyifqifrI
tenf;i,fcsKdU,Gi;f onfrt
S y wuov
kd Ef pS yf wfvnfajy;ckeu
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f J urmYt
EdkifEdkifiH wuodkvfBuD;rsm;\ yHkpHerlemudk,l aTa&mif? tjyma&mifpaom ta&mifrsm;cJGjcm; tqifhtwef;owfrSwf
csD;jrifhcJhayonf/ tm;upm;tqifhtwef;owfrSwfaom aTa&mif? tjyma&mif ponfwdkYudk ay;yHkay;enf; ]]rl}} ay:wGif
tcsKdUrauseyfMuay/ odkYaomf vkyfief;taumiftxnf azmfaom yxrESpftzdkY csKdU,Gif;csufrsm; SdrnfrSefaomfvnf;
aSUtzdkY tm;vHk;auseyfvmEdkifMuvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfayonf/
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f m;rsm; vma&muf
jyo&efpDpOfcJhaomfvnf; ratmifjrifcJhay/ wuodkvfSd tm;upm;toif;tzJGU aygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yJGw&yfudk jyKvkyf&efBuKd;
yrf;cJah yonf/ odYk aomf wuov
kd f dS tm;upm;tzJUG rsm;rSm wcsdew
f nf;jyefvnfzUGJ pnf;jcif; rSMd uojzifh aqG;aEG;usif;yJG
rusif;yEdkifcJh/ xdkYaMumifh wuodkvfSd topfjyefvnf zJGUpnf;NyD;aom tm;upm;toif;tzJGUrsm;udk ac:,l tm;upm;
tpDtpOfvkyfief; (Programme) a&;qJG&ef wuodkvfaumifpDwGif tMuHPfay;cJh&m aumifpDu vufcHcJhayonf/
wuov
kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pHk ajy;ckeu
f pm;yJBG uD;udk rEav;wGif usif;y&m &efuek w
f uov
kd rf S tm;upm;o
rm;rsm;tm; apvTwf,SOfNyKdif EdkifcJhonf/ &efukefwuodkvfrS trSwftrsm;qHk;jzifh yxrqk&SdcJhayonf/
wuorS oD;jcm;tm;upm;NyKdifyJG rusif;yEdkifcJhaomfvnf; ausmif;om;yJGawmfwGif jcif;,dkifcwfNyKdifyJGusif;y
jcif;? wuodkvfvufa0SYtoif;ESifh yl;wJG vufa0SYNyKdifyJG usif;yjcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/
urmYausmif;om;rsm;or*rsm;tzJGUcsKyfodkY &efukefwuodkvftwGuf tm;upm;ypnf;rsm; awmif;qdkcJh&m
tawmftoifh &SdcJhonf/ 1961 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (22) &ufaeYrS pufwifbmv (3) &ufaeYtxd bla*;&D;,m;jynf?
qdzk v
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kd af ygif;pHk ajy;ckeu
f pm;yJBG uD;odYk &efuek w
f uov
kd rf S yg0if,OS Nf yKdiEf ikd &f ef
trsK;d rsK;d MuHpBD uKd;pm;cJah yonf/ wuov
kd t
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kd af umifpo
D Ykd aiGaMu;uln&D ef awmif;qdck ahJ omf
vnf; aiGxkwfay;EdkifpGrf; rSdcJhay/ BuKd;pm;vsuf Sdaeayonf/
,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m vkyfief;rsm;wGif &efukefwuodkvfodkY tar&duef,Ofaus;rIudk umuG,f[efYwm;&ef?
ArmhtEkynm ,Ofaus;rIxrd ;f odr;f &ef aumfrwDwck zJUG pnf;&efBuKd;pm;cJo
h nf/ odYk aomfvnf; &efuek w
f uov
kd ,
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rItoif; Sdaejcif;ESifh tjcm;taMumif; trsKd;rsKd;wdkYaMumifh qufvufraqmifGufEdkifcJhay/
(*) wuooufomacsmifcsda&;Xme /
/ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __/
wuopm;aomufqdkifESifh ywfouf vGefcJhaom 1959 ckESpf trIaqmiftzJGUrS wif'gpepfjzifh aG;cs,fum
zGiv
hf pS af pcJah om or*pm;aomufqikd o
f nf wif'gpnf;rsO;f t& 1960 ckEpS w
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wDzUGJ pnf;um pepfwus rlrsm;csrSw
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hf pS af pcJh
onf/ pm;aomufqikd o
f pfukd {NyDvwGizf iG v
hf pS cf &hJ m oefYiS ;f aumif;rGef vyfqyfaom tpmtm[m&rsm;&Sad &;? rQwaom
aps;EIef;jzifh 0,f,lpm;oHk;Edkifa&;ESifh pepfwusjzpfa&;wdkYtwGuf oufomacsmifcsda&;Xmetaejzifh wm0ef,lvkyfaqmif
vsuf adS yonf/ ,ckEpS w
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f kd ydrk jkd ynfph akH umif;rGepf mG wnfaxmifEikd af &;twGuf
BuKd;yrf;vsufSd&m rMumjrifhrD qdkifzGifhvSpfrnf jzpfayonf/
(C) vlxkqufoG,fa&;Xme /
/ wuo vlxkqufoG,fa&;Xmevkyfief;onf wuovkyfief;rsm;ESifh a&mpyf
vsuf o
dS nfom rsm;ayonf/ pmqdak wmfaeYjzpfaom ewfawmfvqef; (1) &ufaeY? nwGif wuov
kd u
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663
wuowdYk yl;aygif;um wuocef;rwGif pmqdak wmfynmSiBf uD;rsm; jzpfMuaom q&mBuD;ocifu,
kd af wmfridI ;f ? q&mBuD;
OD;azarmifwif? q&mrif;ok0PfESifh q&mOD;rsKd;rif;wdkYtm; uefawmhylaZmfyGJ usif;ycJhonf/ if;aemuf a[majymyGJudk
usif;y&m q&mrif;ok0PfESifh OD;rsKd;rif;wdkYu a[majymMuonf/
(i) tdk;a0r*Zif; /
/ tdk;a0r*Zif;onf &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;or*rsm;\ a<u;aMumfoH jzpfonf/
tdk;a0onf ausmif;om;xk b0tajctaeESifh cHpm;csufrsm;? epfemcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwf&m wifjy&mjzpfonf/ jynfol
rdbrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;xk b0tajctae epfemcsufrsm;udk qufpyfwifjy today;&mvnf; jzpfonf/ tdk;a0onf
e,fcsJUorm; vufxufuyif e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ESifh trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; wdkufyGJwdkYtwGuf jynfolrdbrsm;ESifh
ausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;tm; aoG;opfjznfh&m? tm;opfavmif;&m wGef;tm;jzpfcJhonf/
e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;vGwaf jrmufa&; xde;f odr;f umuG,af &;? trsKd;om;ynma&; wnfaqmufa&;ESihf
'Drdkua&pDa&; wdkufyGJrsm;onf ,aeY tqHk;rowfao;acs/ tdk;a0onf wm0ef&yfrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&eftwGuf
aSUodkY qufvufcsDwufrnf jzpfonf/
1960-61 ckESpfonf tdk;a0r*Zif; (25) ESpfajrmufESpf jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh tdk;a0r*Zif;aumfrwDu
,if;r*Zif;udk txl;wvnf jyifqifxkwfa0rnf jzpfonf/
tdk;a0r*Zif;udk- or*wnfwHUcdkifjrJa&;? ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;?
- e,fcsJYqefhusifa&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; xdef;odrf;umuG,fa&;?
- trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;jrifUwifa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&; [laomtcsufrsm;udk tajccHxkwfa0rnf/
tdk;a0r*Zif;udk Edk0ifbmvwGif ausmif;om;xkvufodkY ay;ydkYjzefYcsdEdkifrnf jzpfonf/
(8) taxGaxGvkyfief;rsm;
1960 ckESpf? pufwifbmv (12) &ufaeY jynfolYvTwfawmfwGif ynma&;0efBuD; ajymMum;aom tpD&ifcHpm
twGuf EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtoD;oD;udk zdwfac:rnf/ wwdkif;jynfvHk;ESifh aqG;aEG;rnf[laom tcsufESifh ynma&;pHkprf;rI
aumfrSiw
f iG f Edik if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf; ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk xnfo
h iG ;f aqmifu
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f Ykdukd wuo
u axmufcHcJhonf/ trsKd;om;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ wckjyKvkyf&ef vdktyfaMumif;udkvnf; wifjycJhonf/
1960 ckEpS ?f Ed0k ifbmv (31) &ufaeYrS p &efuek w
f uov
kd f bGUJ ESi;f obifcef;rwGif usi;f yaom tmStaSU
zsm;qdik &f muif;axmufnv
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k pf m;vS,f wufa&mufjcif;ESihf nDvmcHusif;yaepOf bGUJ ESi;f
obif taqmuftODwGif wkwfjzLtvH vTifhxlxm;jcif;udk wuorS uefYuGufcJhonf/
1960 ckEpS ?f pufwifbmv pmar;yGw
J iG b
f UJG &olrsm;tm; 1961 ckEpS f 'DZifbmvwGif jyKvkyaf om bGUJ ESi;f obif
odkY wufa&mufcGifh rjyKjcif;udk uefYuGuf&efESifh wufa&mufcGifhjyK&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/ odkYaomf ae&mrvHkavmufrI
taMumif;jyum wufa&mufcGifhrjyKcJhay/
(12) ESpfwdkif rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif; cHcJh&aom udk,fvufroefol 'kudwBuD; ocifaza|;tm; tjref
qHk;vTwfay;a&;twGuf awmif;qdkcJhonf/
,cifESpfwGif b@ma&;tusyftwnf;aMumifh rwyfqifEdkifaom pum;ajymaMu;eef; (w,fvDzkef;) udk
wuo udpr sm;ESifhwuG ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; vG,fvifhwul qufoG,fEdkifa&;wdkYtwGuf ,ckESpfwGif jyefvnf
wyfqifcJhonf/
1960 ck? rwfvwGif usif;yrnfjzpfaom wuodkvfpmar;yGJrsm;tm; ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; vGwfvyf
at;csrf;pGm pmMunfhEdkif&ef wuocef;rudk 23? 1? 61 &ufaeYrS pwifum pmMunfhcef;tjzpf zGifhvSpfpDpOfay;cJhonf/
0dZmodyH (u) ausmif;om; udkat;xGef;onf 1960 ck? pufwifbmv (__) &ufaeY uG,fvGeftedp
a&mufoGm;jcif;? OypmodyH (u) ausmif;om; udkav;vGifonf 1960 ck? Edk0ifbm (24) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGeftedp
a&mufjcif;? Oypm0dZm (c) ausmif;ol rjrwfreG o
f nf 1960 ck? 'DZifbmv (16) &ufaeYwiG f uG,v
f eG t
f edp a&mufjcif;?
OypmodyH (u) ausmif;om; udkcifarmif&ifonf 1961 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (24) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGef tedpa &mufjcif;/
0dZmodyH (c) ausmif;om; udkudkat;onf 1961 ck? {NyDv (15) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGeftedpa&mufjcif;? 0dZmodyH
(u) ausmif;om; udkaZmf0if;xdefonf 1961 ckESpf? Zlvvdkifv (11) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGeftedp a&mufjcif;wdkYudk
wuorS tokbydkYaqmifcJhonf/
664

(9) aus;Zl;wifSdjcif;
1960-61 ckESpf wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ vkyfief;rsm;udk wifjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/
wuo aG;aumufyGJwGif yg0ifulnDay;Muaom ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD;rsm;? wuo
Ou|a[mif;rsm;? wuo trIaqmifrsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? urmYausmif;om;aeYESifh ausmif;om;yGJawmfwGif yef;csDjyyGJ
twGufulnDaom yefcsDq&m OD;eef;a0tm; vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;yGJawmf acwfaMu;rHk umwGef;jycef;twGuf
ulnDaom jrefrmEdkifiH umwGef;q&mrsm;toif;tm; vnf;aumif;? wuotESpf (30) ajrmuf? yrtBudrfajrmuf
ausmif;om;yGJawmfwGif wufa&mufzGifhvSpfay;aom wuo yxrOu| OD;ausmfciftm; vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;yGJ
awmftwGuf aiG 1000d^- ulnaD om wuov
kd af umifpt
D m; vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;yGaJ wmfwiG f ausmif;om;vIyf mS ;
rIordkif; jycef;twGuf "gwfyHkrsm; iSm;&rf;ulnDMuaom jrLrif;BuD;a[mif; OD;xGef;tHk? wuodkvfxifBuD;ESifh wyfrawmf
armfuGef;wdkuftm; vnf;aumif;/
'd;k ywfNydKifyw
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aumif;? pmayNydKifyGJwGif pmrlrsm;udk wnfjzwfaG;cs,fay;Muaom q&mBuD;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif;/
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rsm;or*? &efuek w
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wifaMumif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/
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a&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;ESifh trsKd;om;ynma&;twGuf e,fcsJUvufatmufyif ajymifajrmufpGm wdkufyGJ0ifcJhay
onf/ Armjynforl sm;\ trsKd;om;vGwaf jrmufa&; wdu
k yf w
JG iG v
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kd yf 0JG ifco
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,aeYwGif wuotm; zsufqD;rnfh tE&m,frsm;ESifh &ifqdkifae&onf/ wuo\ajymifajrmufaom tpOf
tvm? xGef;ajymifaom ordkif;tpOfudk arS;rSdefap&ef rvdkolrsm;u MuHpnfaeMuonf/ wuo odumusa&;twGuf
BudK;yrf;ae Muayonf/
wuoonf wuownfwHhcdkifjrJa&;? t"GefUSnfa&;twGuf rSefuefaom oabmxm;ESifh ausmif;om;
jynfolwdkY\ tiftm;ay:wGif tajcpdkufum aSUodkYqufvuf ___ ___ ___ /
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(1960-61 ckESpf)
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665
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(1960-61)
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&moufyeftrIaqmifwOD; jzpfonf/ NrdKUrOD;wifat;[k vlord sm;aom aSUaeBuD;wOD;jzpfonf/ ,ckpmtkyaf &;om;
&mwGif ulnDcJhrIjzifh 1998 ESpfOD;wGif zrf;qD;cH&NyD; axmif'Pf (7) ESpfcsrSwfcH&onf/ awmifilaxmifrS 2003
Mo*kwv
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&efuek w
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666
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uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;wdkufyGJBuD;udk tSdefjyif;pGm qifETJcJhMuayonf/ vGwfvyfa&; (14) ESpf umvwGif
ynmoifESpfwck qef;vmwdkif; wdkif;jynf\ taxGaxGynma&;tusyftwnf;rSm ydkBuD;rm;vmcJhonf/ ausmif;oHk;
pmtkyfrsm; aps;BuD;jcif;? aep&mausmif; rSdjcif;? oifay;rnfh ausmif;q&m rSdjcif;? ausmif;p&dwf rvHkavmufjcif;?
&mcdkifEIef; (90) ausmf usHI;onfh atmifpm&if;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkif&jcif;? pmar;yGJusonfhtwGuf ausmif;xkwfcH&jcif;?
tvkyfvufrJhb0a&mufjcif; jyemrsKd;pHk awGUMuHKae&onf/ jyemrsm; twdkiftqBuD;rm; us,fajymvmNyD;wdkif;
vlaerIpepfESifh ,aeYynma&;pepf\ tHacsmfaeonfudk jyoayonf/ yxptpdk;& vufxufwGif wuodkvf0ifESifh
ausmif;xGufpmar;yGJ cGJjcm;onfhpepf? wef;cGJwef;cspepfudk twif;tusyf jyefvnfusifhoHk;vmonf/ (2) cgusausmif;
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1961 ck? azazmf0g&DvwGif ppfaq;NyD; ZGev
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kd o
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atmifpm&if;rsm; xGufvmaomtcg rajzolatmifaompm&if;? rajzonfhbmom *kPfxl;xGufonfh atmifpm&if;?
uarmufuratmifpm&if; jzpfvmonf/ xdktcg rajzolatmifNyD; rdrdwdkYusaeonfhtjzpfudk ausmif;om;rsm; &ifqdkif&
aomtcg uarmufurynma&;pepf'Pf cHpm;&csuf? wdkif;jynf\ vlaerIpD;yGm;a&;pepfESifh rudkufnDaom ynma&;
uarmufurjzpfrI? (2) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf wef;cGJwef;cspepfwdkYaMumihf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; aygufuGJ
667
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awmif;qdkcsuf (4) csufudk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&odkY wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/
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ausmif;om;xk (3000) ausmfwufa&mufaom ausmif;om;xkqEjyyGJBuD; vkyfavonf/ 21? 7? 61 aeYwGif Auo
tzGJUcsKyfrS OD;aqmif wjynfvHk;twdkif;twmESifh uarmufurynma&;wdkufyGJ yg0ifMuonf/ &efukefNrdKUwGif ausmif;
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awGUqHkaomtcg atmufygtwdkif; wm0efrJhjyefMum;cJhavonf/
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yxrtpdk;&ynma&;0efBuD;\ jyefMum;csufrSm668

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vufrcHEdkif/
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qdkonfudk tpdk;&u rvdkufavsmEdkif/
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taqmuftOD rvHkavmuf[laom taMumif;jycsufjzifh ausmif;pmoifcef;rS uefxkwfrIrSm rsm;pGmwm0efrJhvSaom
jyKrlcsufjzpfonf/ ajzqdkaom ausmif;om; (100) wGif (90) usqHk;aecsdef? ESpfcgus ausmif;om;jzpfoGm;&ef rsm;pGm
vG,fulayonf/
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ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJESifh ywfoufvnf; vkyfay;rnf[k jyefMum;aomfvnf; wdusa&&mrIrSd? tmCmwuif;Hk
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30? 7? 61 wGif ausmif;om;rsm; owif;pmSif;vif;yGJwck jyKvkyfNyD; tpdk;&jyefMum;csuf rrSefuefaMumif;?
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1961 ck? Mo*kwv
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tpmiwfcH qEjyyGJBuD;udk usKH;axmifhwGif usif;yvdkufonf/ qEjyyGJonf wjynfvHk;odkY *,ufdkufoGm;avonf/
Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf wjynfvHk;Sd or*rsm;tm; rdrdwdkYa'otoD;oD;Sd vTwfawmftrwfrsm;xHrS vTwfawmftwGif;
0,f ausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdck sufrsm;tm; wifjyawmif;qdak y;a&;twGuf uwdawmif;cHyrJG sm; usif;y&ef TeMf um;
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ausmif;om;rsm;udk aSmifNyD; &efukefodkY ajy;Mu\/ tcsKdUyxpESifh zqyvtrwfrsm;u ausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdk
csufrsm;udk awmif;qdkay;ygrnf[k uwdjyKMu\/
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tpnf;ta0;onf uarmufurynma&;? EdkifiHawmfbmomESifh bwf*sufvTwfawmf jzpfvmonf/ tpdk;&onf EdkifiH
awmfbmom jyemudk aSUwef;odkY wifav\/ wdkif;jynf tajctaerSmvnf; ygvDrefwGif wifoGif;rnfh EdkifiHawmf
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669
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oHCmawmfrsm;onf Edik if aH wmfbmomjy|mef;onfh ygvDrefukd ausmif;om;rsm;qEjyyGaJ Mumifh rxdcu
kd af pcsi/f xdYk aMumifh
trsKd;rsKd; arwm&yfcHMuonf/ rdbjynfolrsm;onf dk;&mtpOfvmtm;jzifh Ak'bmomouf0if ,HkMunfMuolrsm;
jzpfay&m Edik if aH wmfomoemjyKvkyif ef;wGif pdww
f rd ;f GwMf uavonf/ tpd;k &uvnf; tpd;k &tmPmudk tpGr;f ukeo
f ;kH
vIHYaqmfonf/ wcsdefwnf;rSmyif jynfolrsm;u ausmif;om;rsm;qEjyvQif xdcdkufaoausrnf pdk;&drfavonf/ q&m
BuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;uvnf; aemufxyf atmifausmfawG jzpfaeOD;rSm pdk;&drfaMumif; NiD;Smavonf/ owif;rsm;u
vnf; ausmif;om;qErjyMu&ef arwm&yfcHavonf/
ygvDrefqEjyaumfrwDonf aemufq;kH wGif tm;vH;k aom arwm&yfccH surf sm;ESihf rdbrsm;\ pdwcf sr;f oma&;udk
aSUI yHkpHajymif;vdkuf&onf/
(c-4) yHkpHajymif;vJjcif;
ygvDref qEjyaumfrwDonf yHkpHajymif;vJjcif;ESifh ywfouf aumfrwDtwGif;0,f jyif;xefpGm aqG;aEG;
cJhMuonf/ if;aumfrwDu zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI uefYuGufa&;? uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;? ausmif;om;xk qE
jyyGJudk 24? 8? 61 wGif wuocef;r jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ ausmif;om;xk\ yg0iftm;rSm avsmhenf;oGm;avonf/
ausmif;om;xk Ncdrf;ajcmufcH&jcif;? vIyfSm;Edkifonfh &Jabmf (au'g) rsm; avsmhenf;oGm;jcif;? tcsdefkwfw&ufajymif;
vJpDpOf&jcif;twGuf vIHYaqmfrItwdkif;twmrSmvnf; enf;oGm;onf/ toHcsJUpufoHk;cGifhrSp rsm;pGmzdESdyfjcif;cHcJh&
ayonf/
ygvDrefqEjyaumfrwDonf ygvDrefqEjya&; oabmxm;udk ausmif;xdkifq&mawmfrsm;tzGJUcsKyftm; 22?
8? 61 aeYwGif avQmufxm;cJhayonf/ q&mawmfrsm;rSvnf; ausmif;om;wdkY\ wdkufyGJrSefuefaMumif;? ulnDrnfjzpf
aMumif; rdefYMum;cJhayonf/
uarmufurynma&;zsufodrf;a&;ESifh ywfouf ygvDrefqEjya&;tpDtpOfESifh ywfouf tzGJUcsKyfu
csrSwx
f m;aom oabmxm;rSm tajctaeay:wGif rlwnfjcif;jzpfaomaMumifh rSeu
f efonf[k ,HMk unfonf/ vkyef nf;
vkyf[efrsm;ESifh ywfouf csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;? rnDGwfrIrsm;Sdrnfjzpfaomfvnf; oabmxm; taejzifhum; rSm;,Gif;rI
rSdaMumif; vufawGUtawGUtMuHKt& xifSm;ayonf/
ynma&;rif;BuD;a[mif; (3) OD;yg0ifaom uarmufuratmifpm&if; pHpk rf;a&;aumfrwDu uarmufurjzpfrI
rsm;twGuf pHpk rf;rIrsm; jyKvkyo
f nf[q
k o
kd nf/ Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfukd vma&mufawGUqH&k ef ac:qdo
k nf/ Auorsm;tzGUJ
csKyfrS oGm;a&mufrawGUacs/ ]]pmar;yGaJ tmifpm&if; uarmufurjzpfonfrmS wdik ;f odjynfojd zpfonf/ xdahk Mumifh pHpk rf;&ef
rvdk}} [laom oabmxm;ay;ydkYcJhonf/ pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpm xGufvmaomtcg cyfzHk;zHk;tpD&ifcHcsufom
jzpfonfudk awGUSd&ayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifh tpD&ifcHpmudk tHMojcif;rSdvSay/ aemufqHk; tpdk;&\aemuf
qufwJG atmifpm&if;rsm; xkwaf y;awmhrnf[k cdik rf maomowif;rsm; xGuv
f mavonf/ owif;tay: ausmif;om;
rsm;\ cdkifrmvSaom ,HkMunfcsufum; qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifawmif;qdk&ef vdktyfonf[k oabmaygufMuavonf/
10? 9? 61 &ufaeYwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*? &efukefcdkifausmif;
om;rsm;or*wdkY yl;wGJ ausmif;om; (52) a,mufyg0ifaom em&D (50) tpmiwfcHqEjyyGJBuD;udk &efukefNrdKU ql;av
bk&m;vrf;axmifhESifh taemf&xmvrf;axmifhwGif jyKvkyfavonf/ vlxk\axmufcHtm;ay;rI rsm;pGm&SdcJhonf/ tpm
iwfcH ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdk;xJavxJ0ifvm tm;ay;Muonf/ vlxkBuD;uvnf; rdk;xJavxJrSmyif vmtm;ay;
Muonf/ tpmiwfcpH Of oH;k pG&J efaq;0g;rsm; awmify&kH myHk jzpfaeayonf/ Nidr;f csr;f a&;zcifBuD; q&mBuD;ocifu,
kd af wmf
rIdif;u &ifxkremjzifh tpmiwfcHausmif;om;rsm;xH arwmo0PfvTm ay;ydkYcJhavonf/
yxptpd;k &onf ausmif;om;trsm;pk\ qEukd qefYusifvsufyif\
dS / ynma&;0efBuD; a'gufwm{armifu
]tpdk;&rSm &efolrsKd; (6) yg; 0dkif;wdkufaew,f} [kajymqdkNyD; ]ausmif;om;rsm;tm; &efoleHygwf (1)} wGifxm; ajym
qdkavonf/
uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;wdkufyGJonf tqufrjywf tSdefSdcJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifh &[ef;oHCm
awmfrsm;ESifh vlxk\ axmufcHrIjynfh0pGm &SdcJhayonf/ vTwfawmftrwfrsm;yif vTwfawmftwGif; ausmif;om;rsm;
wifjycsuu
f kd tav;ay; ajymqdv
k mcJo
h nf/ awmif;qdck suf (4) csut
f euf tpd;k &onf wpdww
f a'oudk vdu
k af vsmrnf
[k uwday;vmonf/
670

(c-5) uarmufurynma&;zsufodrf;a&; wdkufyGJumvwGifusif;yaom Auorsm;tzJGYcsKyfuGefz&ifU
ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJYcsKyf EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&muGefz&ifU
(1961 ck? pufwifbmv 30 &ufrS atmufwdkbmv 4 &ufaehtxd)
Edik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcHBuD;udk wjynfv;kH Sw
d o
hJ r*rsm;rS ausmif;om;ud,
k pf mvS,af ygif; (243) OD; wufa&muf
onf/ nDvmcHBuD;rS 'Dru
kd a&pDa&;? Nidr;f csrf;a&;? trsKd;om;ynma&; wnfaqmufa&;? uarmufurynma&; zsuford ;f
a&; aSUvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk qHk;jzwfjy|mef;vdkufonf/ yxptpdk;&\ 'Drdkua&pDcsKd;azmufrIESifh ausmif;om;qEESifh
qefYusipf mG jyKrlrrI sm;udk nDvmcHu jyif;xefpmG Iwcf svu
kd o
f nf/ pkpnf;nDw
G pf mG wdu
k yf 0JG ifomG ;&eftwGuf wdu
k yf yJG pkH u
H kd
atmufygtwdkif; csrSwfvdkufonf/
(1) a&wdkwdkufyGJ
(2) a&&SnfwdkufyGJ
a&wdkwdkufyGJ
uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;twGuf ,ckESpfydkif; tBuD;rm;qHk;? tiftm;taumif;qHk;? wefzdk;tSdqHk;?
txufjrufqHk; wdkufyGJBuD;wckudk zefwD;um oufqdkif&mwm0efSdolwdkYtm; awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0if&ef vdkayonf/
xufjruftm;aumif;aom wdkufyGJBuD; w&yfqifETJEdkifa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mor*rsm;onf ausmif;om;xktwGif;
ynma&;oabmxm;rsm; em;vnfoabmayguf jrifodonfhtwdkif; pnf;Hk;aqG;aEG;Mu&rnf/ igwdkYESifh rqdkif[laom
oabmxm; ausmif;om;twGif;0,f rSdatmif BudK;yrf;Sif;vif;wifjyum ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; 'ifjynfhtm;jynfh
yg0ifaom wdkufyGJyHkpHwckudk aG;cs,fvIyfSm;Mu&rnf/ wdkufyGJwGif 'Drdkua&pDcsKyfcs,frI uefYuGufa&;? uarmufur
ynma&; zsufodrf;a&;wdkYudk OD;wnfMu&rnf/
a&SnfwdkufyGJ
a&SnfwdkufyGJ[lonf igwdkYausmif;om;rsm;u qGJac:aom wdkufyGJr[kwf oufqdkif&mwm0efSdol tpdk;&\
oabmxm;ay:wGif wnfonf/ igwdYk \ uarmufurynma&; zsuford ;f a&;onf rSeu
f efonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yf
vHk;uvnf; tm;SdpGmaxmufcHonf/ &[ef;Sifvljynfol w&yfvHk;uvnf; taustvnfoabmayguf odjrifum
wdu
k yf u
JG kd axmufco
H nf/ Edik if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;uyif igwdYk\wdu
k yf u
JG kd axmufcv
H mMuonf/ odYkaomf oufqikd &f m
tpd;k &u oabmxm; wif;rmvGe;f onft
h ay:wGiu
f m; igwdYk \ uarmufurynma&;wdu
k yf rJG mS a&Snw
f u
kd yf t
JG oGio
f Ykd
a&mufEdkifonf/ a&SnfwdkufyGJonf ausmif;om;xkvIyfSm;rIomru oabmw&m;a&;&m wdkufyGJvnf;yg0ifonf/
or* &Jabmfrsm;onf ,aeY ynma&;rwnfNidrfrIudk ausmif;om;xk? jynfol? &[ef;ESifh vlwef;pm;rsm;xH csOf;uyfum
uarmufurynma&;
zsuo
f rd ;f a&;wdu
k yf u
JG mvtwGi;f
ac:qu
kd si;f yaom Auorsm;tzGcYJ sKyf
Ekid if v
H ;kH qdik &f muGezf &ifu
U kd 1961 ck?
pufwifbm 30 rS atmufwdkbm 1-23-4 aehrsm;wGif usi;f ycJo
U nf
671
axmufcHrI&atmif aqG;aEG;&rnf/ jzefYcsdwifjyEdkif&rnf/ tpdk;&\ ynma&;oabmxm; rrSefrI? wdusrSefuefaom
ynma&;pepfrJhrI? wnfNidrfajzmihfrwfaom oabmxm;rSdrIESifhwuG ynma&;uarmufurjzpfrIrsm;udk wifjypnf;Hk;
Mu&rnf/ wqufwnf;rSmyif ynmoifMum;rItajctae wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;twGuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wifjy
awmif;qdkMu&rnf/ ynmoifMum;a&;tajctae wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;ESifh ynma&;jyKjyifajymifvJa&;twGuf jynf
axmifpktwGif;Sd vlxkvlwef;pm;? vlxkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? woD;yk*v
rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; aygif;pHk
yg0ifaom trsKd;om;ynma&; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yfudk usif;yum ,aeYwdkif;jynfpD;yGm;a&; vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ta&;ESifh
wdkif;jynfxlaxmifa&;twGuf vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDaom oabmxm;udkvnf; igwdkYausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;
em;vnfMu&rnfom jzpfayonf/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; r&SdbJ? jynfwGif;trsKd;om;pD;yGm; wnfaqmufrIr&Edkif/
wqufwnf;rSmyif ausmif;om;wdkY\ b0tajctaeESifh ynmoifMum;rI tajctaerSmvnf; wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;vmrnf
r[kwfay/ tcsufudkvnf; tav;teufxm;um uarmufurynma&;wdkufyGJESifh qufpyfazmfxkwf oGm;&rnf
jzpfayonf/
tm;aumif;aom ausmif;om;xkqEjyyGJrsm;udk qufvufpnf;Hk; vkyfudkif&efjzpfNyD; wdkufyGJvkyfief;pOf w&yf
tjzpf &efukef? [Hom0wD? yJcl;? om,m0wD? tif;pdefcdkifwdkY yg0ifaom (5) cdkif ausmif;om;xkqEjyyGJBuD;udk
&efukefNrdKUwGif jyKvkyf&ef nDvmcHwGif wnDwGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/
nDvmcHusif;yaepOftwGif; aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJatmifpm&if; xGufvmonf/ aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJ
atmifpm&if;xGuv
f maomcg ausmif;om;rsm; tm;wuf0rf;ajrmufMu\? tcsKdUuauseyfMu\/ tqufrjywf awmif;
qdk wdkufyGJ0ifcJhaom tcsuf (1) ckom &SdNyD; usef (3) csuf usefaeonf/
(c-6) ig;cdkifqEjyyGJ
&efukef? tif;pdef? [Hom0wD? yJcl;? om,m0wDwdkYrS ausmif;om;xkyg0ifaom (5) cdkif ausmif;om;xk
qEjyyGJBuD;udk Edk0ifbmv (14) &ufaeY uefawmfrifyef;jcH usif;yonf/ qEjyyGJrwdkifrDtwGif; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf
onf pnf;Hk;a&;wm0efcH trIaqmifrsm;onf (5) cdkifa'orsm;odkY jzefYqif;um cufcJBuD;pGm jyifqif&avonf/
aiGaMu;cufcJrI jyemrsm;? yxptpdk;&\ ydwfyifwm;qD;rIrsm;? Ncdrf;acsmufrIrsm; &ifqdkif jyifqif&av\/
ynma&;0efBuD; a'gufwm{armifonf yJcl;odkYa&mufvmNyD; (5) cdkifqEjyyGJwGif yJcl;tpdk;&ausmif;rS ausmif;om;rsm;
ryg0ifap&ef q&mrsm;u jyKvkyf&rnf[k ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;rsm;odkY trdefYay;avonf/ &efukef &Jrif;BuD;rSmvnf;
uefawmfrifyef;jcHwGif qEjycGifhudk ray;bJxm;avonf/ tcsdefeD;uyfrS qEjycGifhjyKonf/ om,m0wDcdkifrS ausmif;
om;rsm;onf um;iSm;r& &xm;jzifhcsDwufMu&\/ rdk;ndKrSausmif;om;rsm;vnf; um;rSd (10) rdkifc&D;udk vrf;
avQmufNyD; rif;vSodkY vm&\/ yJcl;rS ausmif;om;rsm;onf ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;\ ydwfyifrIudk qEjyqefYusifNyD;
qEjyyGJodkY csDwufvmMu&avonf/ qEjyyGJwGif ausmif;om;aygif; (4000) cefYyg0ifavonf/ &efukefwNrdKUvkH;odkY
(10) rdkifausmfcefY c&D;SnfcsDwufNyD; qEjyMu\/ jynfolvlxk\axmufcHrI wcJeuf&Sdonf/ vli,f? trsKd;orD;
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS c&D;SnfcsDwufqEjyyGJ vrf;c&D;wavQmufwGif a&rsm;? tazsmfrsm; qD;BudKwdkufauR; avonf/
NrdKUvlxku xrif;xkyfrsm;ay; ulnDavonf/ xrif;xkyfxJwGif aiGrsm;? aq;vdyfbl;rsm;? axmufcHtm;ay;pmrsm;
xnfhoGif; ay;Muavonf/
jynfov
l x
l \
k qEtavsmuf jzpfay:vmrIukd tpd;k &taeeJU rSeu
f efat;csr;f pGm ajzSi;f &rnft
h pm; 'Dru
kd a&pD
qefYusifaom tMurf;zufenf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKcJhonf/ &JtzGJUudk wkwfay; rauseyf aoewfxkwfay;&mrS ,cktcg
oHcsyfumum;awG wyfqifNyD;aMumif; ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;zGJUcsKyf Ou| udkcifarmiftkef;u zdESdyf
csKyfcs,frI uefYuGufa&;ESifh uarmufurynma&;zsufodrf;a&; (5) cdkif ausmif;om;xkqEjyyGJwGif ajymMum;oGm;\/
if;qEjyyGw
J iG f (5) cdik rf S ausmif;om; (2000) ausmf wufa&mufMu\/ udck ifarmiftek ;f u qufvufajymMum;&mwGif
1961 ckESpftwGif; vlxkqEjyyGJrSm yxp 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&aMumifh vl (3) a,muf aocJh&NyD;jzpfonf/ azazmf0g&Dv
(21) &ufaeY e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;qEjyyGJwGif (2) a,mufESifh Edk0ifbm (10) &ufaeY ZmwfHkaSUqEjyyGJwGif (1)
a,muf aocJhonf/ 'DtjyKtrlawG qufvufusifhoHk;ae&if yxptpdk;&[m ykvdyftpdk;& jzpfvmrnfjzpfaMumif;/
yxptpd;k &[m ykvyd jf yem aomif;ajcmufaxmifukd tcGit
hf a&;,lNyD; e,fcsJUvkyMf uHrEI iS hf ppftmPmSit
f E&m,fawG
udk pdk;&drf&aMumif;? owif;pmtm;vHk;u tpdk;&&JU 'Drdkua&pDqefYusifaom Oya'zsufodrf;&ef ta&;qdkvmaMumif;?
owif;pm? ausmif;om;? &[ef;? ukefonf? trIxrf;awGudk &efoltjzpf aMunmvmwJh tpdk;&[mb,folrS udk,fpm;jyK
Edkifrnf r[kwfaMumif;? ausmif;om;xk&JU rSefuefwJhawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk atmifjrifonftxd wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;rnfjzpf
672
(tay:)
21? 2? 1961
&efuek cf kid af usmif;om;rsm;o*rS
Bu;D rI;usi;f yaom
uarmufurynma&;zsuo
f rd ;f a&;
ausmif;om;xkqEjyyGJ
(tv,f)
1961 ck? pufwifbmv
(10-11-12) &ufaehrsm;wGif Auo?
wuo? &uowdkhrS
Bu;D rSL;usi;f yaom
uarmufurynma&;zsuo
f rd ;f a&;
em&D (50) tpmiwfcq
H EjyyGJ
(atmuf)
(5) ckid af usmif;om;rsm;
uarmufurynma&;pepftm;
c&D;Sncf sw
D ufqEjy uefu
h u
G pf Of
r[mAEKvvrf;axmifU awGY jrif&yHk
673
aMumif; ajymMum;oGm;onf/ [Hom0wDckid f ausmif;om;ud,
k pf m;vS,f udx
k ifausmf? &efuek cf dik v
f ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;
or* udk,fpm;vS,f udkzdk;xif? yJcl;cdkifausmif;om;or* udk,fpm;vS,f udkaZmfjrifh? om,m0wDckdif ausmif;om;
or*udk,fpm;vS,f udkxGef;SdefwdkY toD;oD; rdefYcGef;ajymMum;Mu\/
wef;cGJwef;cspepf &yfqdkif;ypfa&;? ESpfcgusausmif;xkwfpepf rusifhoHk;a&;? ynma&;toHk;p&dwf wdk;jrifh
oHk;a&;? trsKd;om;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ usif;ya&;? vlxkvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk tMurf;zufajzSif;aeaom yxptpdk;
tm; IwfcsaMumif;? rEav;wuodkvfrS zrf;xm;aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; vTwfay;a&;ESifh 0&rf;kyfodrf;a&;?
ausmif;om;or* w&m;0ifzGJUpnf;cGifh ay;a&;? owif;pmrsm;\ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;wdkufyGJtm; axmufcHaMumif;?
jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk aphpyfaqG;aEG; wnfaqmuf&ef tqdkrsm;udk wifoGif;qHk;jzwfMu\/
ausmif;om;xkonf pepfwuswef;pDxm;NyD; uefawmfrifyef;jcHrSxGufum aTwd*Hkbk&m;vrf;rS NrdKUwGif;odkY
c&D;Snf csDwufvSnfhvnf qEjyMu\/ aTwd*Hkbk&m;vrf;rS AdkvfcsKyfvrf;? Adkvfwaxmifbk&m;vrf;? r[mAEKvvrf;?
armfwifusKHBuD;vrf;? qlavbk&m;vrf;wdkYrS tpOfvdkuf wef;pDvSnfhvnfvmNyD; NrdKUawmfcef;raSU r[mAEKvvrf;
ay:wGif pkHk; tcrf;tem; kyfodrf;vdkuf\/ c&D;SnfcsDwuf&mwGif usKH;BuD;vrf;ESifh (13) vrf;xdyf ta&mufwGif
&efukefcdkifrS udkrsKd;0if;? yJcl;cdkifrS udkjr0if;wdkY rl;arhoGm; tif;pdefodkY ydkYvdkuf&onf/
(*) wuov
kd t
f wGi;f rS *,ufrsm;
Edk0ifbmv (11) &uf wuodkvfaumifpDtpnf;ta0;rS csrSwfcJhaom &efukefwuodkvf jrefrmpmXmewGif
ygarmucsKyf OD;{armiftm; jyefvnfcefYxm;&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/ xdkudpE Sifhywfouf jrefrmpmXme ygarmucsKyf
tjzpf acw0ifa&muf trIxrf;vsufadS om OD;0ef\bufawmfom;rsm;u qlyu
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rSm;,Gif;cJhonfrSm xifSm;vSayonf/ ausmif;om;xkrSm pnf;urf;xm;Sda&;udk rltm;jzifhvufcHaMumif; twdtvif;
wifjycJhonf/ wqufwnf;wGif txufygtwdkif; ausmif;om;xkqE,la&;? q&m? ausmif;om;ESifh tmPmydkifwdkY
oHk;OD;oHk;zvS,f ndEIdif;a&;qGJa&;? todESifhvufcHvmatmif ynmay;a&;wdkYudk jyKvkyf&ef tBudrfBudrf wifjycJhonf/
odYk aomf tmPmydik rf sm;\ rsufEmS pHn
k aD wGUqkcH iG u
hf ykd if cg;cg;oD;oD;jiif;y,fum wuo\ wifjycsufukd vH;k 0Oayum
jyKcJhonf/
ausmif;om;xktaeESihf b0ESi[
hf yfrad om todjzifh vdu
k ef mEdik af om pnf;urf;rsm;t& ausmif;aqmifu,
kd yf ikd f
tkycf sKyfciG u
hf kd &,lvo
dk nf/ ausmif;aqmifu,
kd yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG o
hf nf or*rsm;\ tpOfwpdu
k af wmif;qdck ahJ om tcGit
hf a&;
vnf; jzpfayonf/ ausmif;aqmifudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh Sdjcif;tm;jzifh(1) ausmif;om;rsm;\b0udk ausmif;om;rsm;u ydkrdkxdawGUodSdjcif;?
(2) 'Drdkua&pD tkyfcsKyfrIpepfudk vufawGUusifhoHk; tavhtusifhjzpfvdkjcif;?
(3) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk xda&mufpGm umuG,fEdkifjcif;?
(4) q&m? ausmif;om; em;vnfrI ydkrdk&SdEdkifjcif; wdkYaMumifh or*rsm;taeESifh tpOfwpdkufawmif;qdkcJh&jcif;
jzpfonf/
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhonf ausmif;om;rsm; xif&mvkyfa&;twGuf r[kwfbJ q&m? ausmif;om; ndEdIif;rIjzifh
pepfuspGm tkyfcsKyfa&;om jzpfayonf/ xdkodkY tajccHusaom ausmif;om;xk\ wifjycsufrsm;udk vHk;0OayumjyKjcif;
cHc&hJ avonf/ Nidr;f csr;f pGmynmoifMum;a&;udk cspjf rwfE;kd aom ausmif;om;xkonf Nidr;f csr;f pGm qEjyawmif;qdck o
hJ nf/
Nidr;f csrf;pGmvIyf mS ;awmif;qdrk ?I rsufEmS pHn
k aD jzSi;f rIonf ausmif;om;or*rsm;\ tajccHrjl zpfaMumif; ausmif;om;vIyf
Sm;rIordik ;f u oufaocHvsuf Sad eayonf/ vufeufro
hJ rl sm;yDyD tMurf;zufru
I v
kd nf; rvdv
k m;cJah y/ aygufurJG w
I ikd ;f
vnf; tmPmydik w
f Ykd \ usL;ausmfrrI S tMurf;zufrrI sm; ay:aygufvmaMumif;udv
k nf; ordik ;f jzpf&yfrsm;u txiftSm;
jyovsufSdayonf/ Zlvdkifv (7) &uf ta&;awmfyHkonfvnf; jzpfpOftrSefudk tmPmydkifwdkY\ usL;ausmfrI? tMurf;
678

zufrrI sm;udk Si;f vif;pGm jrif&ayonf/ tmPmydik w
f Ykd \wzufowf igwaumaumrIaMumifh jzpfay:vm&aom ausmif;
om;jyemtm; at;csrf;pGmajzSif;&rnfhtpm; vufeufpGJudkif ajzSif;cJhMuayonf/
(*) rjzpfymG ;rD ausmif;om;rsm;rauseyfrrI sm;

arv (9) &ufwGif-
&efukefwuodkvftufOya'udk kyfodrf;onfUOya'
EdkifiHawmfawmfvSefa&;aumifpD Ou|onf atmufygOya'udk jy|mef;vdkufonf/
1/
(1) Oya'udk 1962 ckESpf &efukefwuodkvftufOya'udk kyfodrf;onfhOya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf/
(2) Oya'onf csufjcif; tmPmwnfap&rnf/
2/
(1) &efukefwuodkvftufOya'udk Oya'jzifh kyfodrf;vdkufonf/
(2) ,if;odkYkyfodrf;onfhtcg(u) jrefrmEdkifiHpum;&yf Oya'yk'fr (5) yg jy|mef;csufrsm; tusKd;oufa&muf&rnf/
(c) &efukefwuodkvfydkif ypnf;tm;vHk;onfvnf;aumif;? &efukefwuodkvf\ a<u;NrDwm0ef
tm;vHk;onfvnf;aumif; tpdk;& wnfSdoufa&muf ap&rnf/
3/
Oya' pwiftmPmwnfonft
h csderf S tpjyK Edik if aH wmfawmfveS af &;tpd;k &onf &efuek w
f uov
kd t
f m;
tqdkygkyfodrf;jcif;cH&aom &efukefwuodkvftufOya'jzifh ay;tyfxm;onfh tmPmESifhwm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk
qufvufoHk;pGJ aqmifGuf&rnf/
xdjhk yif 1962 ckEpS f rEav;wuov
kd t
f ufOya'udk kyo
f rd ;f onUf atmufygOya'udk Edik if aH wmf awmfveS af &;
aumifpD Ou|u jy|mef;vdkufonf/
1/
(1) Oya'udk 1962 ckESpf rEav;wuodkvftufOya'udk kyfodrf;onfhOya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf/
(2) Oya'onf csufjcif; tmPmwnfap&rnf/
2/
(1) 1957 ckESpf rEav;wuodkvftufOya'udk Oya'jzifh kyfodrf;vdkufonf/
(2) ,if;odkYkyfodrf;onfhtcg(u) jrefrmEdik if H a,bk,spum;&yfjzifh Oya'yk'rf (5) yg jy|mef;csurf sm; tusK;d oufa&mufap&rnf/
(c) rEav;wuodkvfydkif ypnf;tm;vHk;onfvnf;aumif;? rEav;wuodkvf\ a<u;NrDwm0ef
tm;vHk;onfvnf;aumif; tpdk;& wnfSdoufa&muf&rnf/
3/
Oya' pwiftmPmwnfonfhtcsdefrS tpy EdkifiHawmfawmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&onf rEav;
wuodkvftm; tqdkygkyfodrf;jcif;cH&aom 1957 ckESpf rEav;tufOya'jzifh ay;tyfxm;onfh tmPmESifhwm0ef
0w&m;rsm;udk qufvufoHk;pGJ aqmifGuf&rnf/
yHk
(Adkvfae0if;)
Ou|
EdkifiHawmfawmfvSefa&;aumifpD
1962 ckESpf? arv (9) &uf
1962 ck azazmf0g&DvwGif usi;f ycJah om &efuek cf dik ?f wef;jrifah usmif;xGupf mar;yGu
J dk zsuo
f rd ;f vdu
k af Mumif;
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&u aMunmcJhonf/ xkdudpESifh ywfouf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYu uefYuGufcJh
Muonf/ awmfveS af &;aumifpt
D pd;k &u ar;cGe;f aygufMum;rIjzifh wef;jrifah usmif;xGupf mar;yGu
J kd zsuford ;f vdu
k o
f nf[k
qdkavonf/
679
ar;cGef;aygufMum;rI jyemay:ayguf&jcif;rSm ynma&;Xmewm0efcHrsm;\ rormrI? csKdU,Gif;ysufuGufrI
rsm;aMumifh jzpfonf[k Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfrS ,lqcJah yonf/ tpd;k &tqufqufwYdkonf ar;cGe;f aygufMum;rIrsm;twGuf
oufqikd &f mwm0efcrH sm;udk ta&;r,lbJ ausmif;om;rsm;tay: yHck sum ajzSi;f cJah yonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;wGif tjypfrS?d
xdkYaMumifh oufqdkif&mwm0efcHrsm;tm; tjypfay;jcif;? ta&;,ljcif; rjyKvkyfbJ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJcsypfjcif;?
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJy,fjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfum ausmif;om;rsm;tay:yHkcsenf;udk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfu tpOftjrJ
uefYuGufcJhayonf/ xdkUjyif ZGefv (26) &ufaeYuvnf; wuorS ausmif;aqmifae&m r&ao;aom ausmif;om;rsm;
twGuf ae&mr&ol (1300) ausmftwGuf taqmifjyem ajzSif;ay;&ef wuodkvfaumifpDrSwqifh ygarmucsKyf
OD;um (ygarmucsKyf a'gufwmomvS ae&ma&mufvmol) xH pmay;ydkY vdkufavonf/
&efukefwuodkvf ausmif;jyefzGifhNyD;aemuf ausmiff;om;? ausmif;olrsm; vdkufem&rnfh pnf;urf;rsm;udk
wuov
kd t
f yk cf sKyfa&; tmPmydik rf sm;u aMunmcJ\
h / ,if;pnf;urf;csuf w&yftaeESihf ausmif;aqmifae ausmif;om;
rsm;twGuf npmpm;csdefudk nae (6) em&DcGJrS (7) em&DcGJtxd ajymif;vJuefYowfay;&ef ZGefv (25) &ufaeYu
jyKvkyaf om wuov
kd o
f [m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rS ausmif;aqmifjyemESihf ywfoufaom tpnf;ta0;rS awmif;qdk
cJhonf/ xkdYjyif ausmif;aqmifae ausmif;om;rsm; nzuf ausmif;aqmifodkY jyef0ifcGifhudk n (8) em&Dtpm; n (11)
em&Dtxd cGifhjyK&ef ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm; a&;qGJ&m ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u awmif;qkdonf/
(C) wuov
kd af umifpu
D kd zsuo
f rd ;f jcif;
arv (10) &ufaeY? (1) em&Dcw
JG iG f &efuek Nf rdKU? '*H&k yd o
f m Edik if aH wmfawmfveS af &;aumifpD Ou| Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;
ae0if;onf wuov
kd af umifpt
D zGUJ ud,
k pf m;vS,f toD;oD;jzpfMuonfh ynmrif;BuD; OD;bd;k xd?k ygarmucsKyf a'gufwm
omvS? aq;wuov
kd rf S a'gufwmarmifarmifat;? a'gufwmarmifarmifc? NrdKUawmf0efO;D ausmfrif;? twGi;f 0ef OD;ausmf
GefY? q&mBuD;OD;azarmifwif? OD;tkef;? ygarmursm;jzpfonfh OD;vSoGif? OD;at;vIdif? OD;bwkwf? OD;atmifcif? a'gufwm
bvSD tpSdonfh yk*dKvfrsm;? ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; pkpkaygif; (28) OD;eJY awGUqHkcJhonf/
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;u]]ausmif;awmfBuD;\ ta&;BuD;qHk;jzpfysufaeonfh tajctaeudkajym&vQif ausmif;om;ESifhq&m olYrdkao?
ighrdak oqdo
k vdk jzpfaeonft
h csuf jzpfw,f/ q&mavmua&m ausmif;om;avmua&m Edik if aH &;ya,m*0ifvmaeMu
w,f/ Sif;Sif;ajym&vQif taSUtkyfpka&m? taemuftkyfpka&m ya,m*awG0ifvmaeMuw,f/ udk,fem;vnfxm;wJh
q&morm;qdk&mrSm udk,fhzmomynmwwfaeHkeJY rNyD;bl;/ tusifhpm&dwaumif;&rJhtjyif? tcufcJqHk; ywf0ef;usifvl
trsm;&JU dak orI&Sad &;yJjzpfw,f/ ausmif;awmfBuD;rSvv
JG Qif ArmEdik if H ynmay;&rnft
h aqmufttHk rSad wmhaMumif;?
'Dtwdkif;qufoGm;ae&if wdkif;jynfb,fawmhrS aumif;rSmr[kwfbl;/ wuodkvfavmuwGif tpdk;&tmPmSdol
awGuvnf; 0ifa&mufNyD; EdkifiHa&;upm;aeMuw,f/ 'DuaeY aumifpDvlBuD;awGudk ac:NyD;ajym&wmuawmh wuov
kd f
aumifpDudk zsufodrf;vdkufNyDqdkwmbJ}} ajymMum;cJhonf/
1961-62 ynmoifEpS f wuov

kd af umifpt
D zJYG
(10? 5? 62 &ufaehwGif zsufodrf;cH&onf/)
t"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkrSm awmfvSefa&;aumifpD\ xdrf;odrf;xm;jcif;cHae&onf/
1/ 'k-t"dywd OD;pHvGif
2/ ygarmucsKyf a'gufwmomvS
3/ ygarmu rppfvif;pa';
4/ a'gufwmudkudkav;
5/ 0DvsHayg
6/ a'gufwmausmfouf
7/ a'gufwmvSoGif
8/ a'gufwmqGef'&ef
9/ OD;at;vIdif
680

10/ OD;bwkwf
11/ ynmrif;BuD; OD;bdk;xdk
12/ rpwmwDaubGef; (bJGU&olrsm;udk,fpm;vS,f)
13/ OD;pdefvS
14/ OD;atmifaz
15/ OD;ausmfjrifh
16/ OD;xGef;wif
17/ OD;at;armif (&efukefbm;aumifpD)
18/ OD;zdk;apm (aq;aumifpD)
19/ OD;yk (EdkifiHawmf&mxl;cefYxm;a&;tzJGU)
20/ OD;ausmfrif; (&efukefaumfydka&;Sif;)
21/ OD;&mSpf (ygvDrefudk,fpm;vS,f)
22/ ocifcspf
23/ OD;ausmfrif;
24/ apmqdk[kef; (ygvDrefudk,fpm;vS,f)
25/ OD;boif
26/ OD;oef;armif
27/ rpwmwDyD0rf; (ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f)
28/ a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf (ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f)
29/ OD;jrwfxGef; (jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;q&mrsm;toif;udk,fpm;vS,f)
30/ a'gufwmOD;azarmifwif (t"dywdudk,fpm;vS,f)
31/ a'gufwmbvSD
32/ OD;tkef;
33/ OD;rdk;jrpf (ynma&;Xme)
34/ OD;ausmfGefY (b@ma&;Xme)
35/ aq;odyHr[mXme-XmerSL;
36/ tif*sifeD,mXme-XmerSL;
37/ ynma&;r[mXme-XmerSL;
38/ OD;armifarmifpdef (t&mSd^ armfuGef;xdef;-oifMum;a&;)
39/ OD;vSatmif (t&mSd^ armfuGef;xdef;-tkyfcsKyfa&;)
40/ aiGpm&if;t&mSd
wuodkvfaumifpDudk jyefvnfzJGYpnf;jcif;
17? 5? 62 &ufaeh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD trdefhtrSwf (30)
1962 ckESpf? arv (17) &ufaeYwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpD trdefYtrSwf (30) udk xkwfjyefaMunmNyD;
wuodkvfaumifpDudk jyefvnfzJGUpnf;cJhonf/
t"dywd
AdkvfrSL;csKyfoef;az
tzJGU0ifrsm;
AdkvfrSL;csKyfpef;,k
AdkvfrSL;BuD;oef;pdef
AdkvfrSL;BuD;wifpdk;
ygarmucsKyfOD;um
rSwfcsuf- 61-62 zsufodrf;cHwuodkvfaumifpD? awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtrdefYtrSwf (30) wuodkvfaumifpDjyefvnfzJGUpnf;jcif;(&efukefwuodkvf pdef&wkobif (2006)? xkwfa0- jynfolYbwfawmfom;rsm;? pm- 48? 49) rS ul;,lazmfjyonf/
681
(i) Zlvikd v
f (7) &uf ta&;awmfypkH wifjcif;
Zlvdkifv (7) &uf? aeYv,f (1) em&DwGif &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;

or*rS BuD;rSL; ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf; kyfodrf;ay;a&;qEjyyGJ usif;y&m
obmywdtjzpf wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* Ou| udkAaqGav;u aqmif
GufNyD;? tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf udkom'dk;u aqmifGufonf/ ausmif;om; (2000)
cefY wufa&mufMuonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;wGif ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf;rsm; zsuf
odrf;a&;? ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f yg0ifcGifhay;&ef?
ausmif;aqmifvdkolwdkif; ausmif;aqmif&a&;twGuf ausmif;aqmifopfrsm;
aqmufvkyfay;&ef? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fonfh ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf;rsm;udk kyfodrf;a&;
twGuf uefYuGufyGJrsm;usif;y qEjyvSnfhvnf&ef qHk;jzwfonf/
xdkYaemuf wuotaqmuftODaSUwGif pkHk;um rEav;ausmif;aqmif?
awmifilausmif;aqmif? '*Hkausmif;aqmif? aTbdkausmif;aqmif? t"dywdvrf;rS bGJU
wuo aemufq;kH Ou| udAk aqGav; ESif;obifudk t"dywdvrf;twdkif; pDwef;vSnfhvnf wuoaSU vlpkcGJvdkufMu
onf/
pDwef;vSnfhvnf&mwGif]rw&m;pnf;urf;awG tvdkrSd}
]rw&m;csKyfcs,frIawG tvdkrdS}
]ausmif;aqmifawGudk tusOf;aqmifrvkyfeJh}
]csKyfcs,frIawG tvdkrSd}
]rw&m;pnf;urf;awG zsufodrf;}
]ausmif;om;xk nDGwfMu}
xdkodkY a<u;aMumfoHrsm;jzifh wuf<upGm yg0ifcJhavonf/
ausmif;0ifcGifhESifh taqmif&a&;udk vHkjcHKa&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfrIaumfrwDrsm;\ axmufcHrIjzifh avQmufcJh&onf/
xkdYaemuf rdbtkyfxdef;ol\ 0efcHcsufuwdudkvnf; wifcJh&onf/ ,cktcg tusOf;axmifESifhrjcm; tcsKyfcHae&jyef
onf/ n (8) em&Dx;kd vQif taqmifwcH g;ydw?f vH;k 0tjyifrxGu&f ? ud,
k t
hf cef;rSmxdik Nf yD; pmMunfah e&rnf/ taqmifrLS ;
(odkYr[kwf) vufaxmuftaqmifrSL;u ppfaq;vQif rdrdtcef; Sdae&rnf/ rawGUvQif tcef;rSd[k rSwf,lvsuf
ta&;,lrnf/ xrif;pm;csed u
f v
kd nf; reuf (7) em&DrS (10) em&D naepmudrk l nae (6) em&DrS auR;rnf/ eHeufxrif;ESihf
naexrif;tMum; aumfzD (2) Budrfwkdufrnf ponfrsm;tjyif pnf;urf;azmufzsufvQif ausmif;aqmifrS xkwfypf
rnf[k pnf;urf;wydk'fqHk;wdkif; Ncdrf;ajcmufxm;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u if;pnf;urf;rsm;udk nDnDGwfGwfeJY
wdkuf&if b,folrSrcHEdkifbl;/ or* oabmxm;rsm;udk xkwfa0 o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm; tjrefzGJU&ef pnf;Hk;cJh
onf/ o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;tm;vH;k yl;aygif;NyD; or*acgif;aqmifrEI iS hf wdu
k ,
f &l ef jzpfonf/ odYk aomf o[m,ESihf
pmzwftoif;rsm; zGJUpnf;rIudk tmPmydkifrsm;u vdkufvHaESmifh,Sufonf/ wzufuvnf; tvdkawmf&d ausmif;om;
vufwqkyfpmu ausmif;om;nDGwfa&; ysufjym;ap&ef? vufudkifwkwf pmzwftoif;rsm; zGJUpnf;&ef ajcykef;ckwfvm
Muonf/ ausmif;om;trsm;pkuvnf; o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm; zGJUpnf;Edkif&ef ykdrdkBudK;pm;vmMuonf/ Zlvdkifv
(6) &ufaeY? n (12) em&DwGif axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom ausmif;om;rsm;onf taqmifwHcg; aomhcavmufrsm;udk
dkufcsKd;NyD; t"dywdvrf;rBuD;ay:wGif qEjyMuonf/ ausmif;om;xkonf t"dywdvrf;rS wqifh yk*H? jynf? waumif;
aqmifrsm;odYk oGm;a&mufNyD; rdrw
d Ykd b0wl ausmif;om;rsm;udk twlwuG qEjy&ef oGm;a&mufac:iifMuonf/ xkYd aemuf
ygarmucsKyf tdrfaSUwGif oGm;a&muf qEjyMuonf/
Zlvdkifv (7) &ufaeY? aevnf (1) em&DwGif wuotaqmuftOD zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fxm;aom taqmifpnf;
urf;rsm;udk uefYuGufqEjyyGJ w&yfyvkyf&eftwGuf tpnf;ta0;ac:,lcJhavonf/ if;tpnf;ta0;onf ordik ;f 0if
taqmuftODBuD;\ aemufqHk;tpnf;ta0; jzpfonfudk rnfonfUausmif;om;rQ rodSdcJUay/
wuoOu| udkAaqGav;u]]ArmjynfBuD;[m vGwv
f yfa&;&wm MumygNyD? 'gayr,fh 'DaeYtxd ynma&;[m rvGwv
f yfbJ uRefynma&;
udk zmax; oHk;pGJaeygw,f/ tpd;k &tqufquf[m ynma&;pepfurkd ajymif;vJbJ ynma&;pepfukd ajymif;vJzahkd wmif;qdk
682

wJh ausmif;om;awGuo
kd m enf;trsK;d rsK;d ajymif;vJNy;D zdEydS cf yUJ gw,f/ 'DaehwufvmwJaU wmfveS af &;tpd;k &[mvnf; ynma&;
jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udk rvkyfygbl;? trsKd;om;ynma&;twGuf pDrHudef;rsm;vnf; csrSwfjcif; rSdao;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fU
wuov
kd yf nma&; tqift
U wef;edru
Uf saerI[m pnf;urf;csK,
Yd iG ;f rIawGaMumifU jzpfw,fqw
kd UJ urmrSmrSad o;wJU ynma&;
oabmeJh ausmif;zGiu
Uf mpu pwifNy;D wif;usyw
f pUJ nf;urf;awGukd wzufowf vkyaf qmifvmygw,f/ pnf;urf;qdkwm
Source: The Student Movement and Civil War in Burma: page-84 (unknown)
Zlvikd v
f (7) &uf ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf;rsm;kyo
f rd ;f a&; pnf;a0;yJt
G Ny;D wuotaqmuftODrS ausmif;om;rsm;qEjy&ef xGuv
f mMupOf
683
tkycf sKyforl sm;omrubJ vdu
k ef m&rnfh ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;awGyg yg0ifa&;qGrJ o
S m obm0usygw,f/ usifo
h ;kH Edik f
wJh pnf;urf;awGvnf; jzpfvmEdkifygw,f/ 'DaeY wzufowfa&;qGJxm;wJh pnf;urf;awG[m rlt&udk rrSefygbl;/
wdk;wufwJhEdkifiHawGrSm taqmifawGudk udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhrsm;yif ay;aewJhumvrSm 'Dvdkwzufowf pnf;urf;awGeJY
csKyfcs,fxm;wm[m &mZ0ifudk aemufjyefqGJovdk jzpfaeygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY[m txufwef;ynm oifMum;aeMu
&olrsm; jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh wOD;eJYwOD; ESD;aESmzvS,fcGifhqdkwmawG Sd&ygr,f/ 'grS ynma&;twGuf ydkrdk tusKd;jzpf
Edkifygw,f/ 'Dvdkr[kwfbJ n (8) em&Dxdk;vQif taqmifwHcg;awG aomhcwf? tcef;wcef;rS tcef;wcef;odkY rul;&?
ud,
k phf m;yGu
J ,
kd x
f ikd ?f pmzwf pnf;urf;rvdu
k ef m&if ausmif;aqmifrx
S w
k w
f ehJ nf;[m vufawGUrSmrjzpfEikd yf gbl;/ 'gwif
ruao;bJ xrif;auR;csdefudk eHeuf (10) em&DrS nae (6) em&Dtxdjcm;wm[m vufawGUrSm ausmif;om;awG 'ku
a&mufMuygw,f/ 'gawGaMumifh ESpfOD;ESpfzuf tkyfcsKyfola&m? vdkufemolyg yl;wGJndEdIif;NyD; pnf;urf;awG jyefvnfqGJzdkY
awmif;yefygw,f/ vufSd pnf;urf;awGudkom qufvufusifhoHk;vQif atmifjrifp&m vrf;rSdygbl;/ zdESdyfa&;twGuf
pnf;urf; trnfcHomjzpfygvdrfhr,f}} [k ajymMum;oGm;cJhonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;onf eD&Jaom cGyfa'gif;tvHudk avxJvTifh? ydkpwmrsdK;pHkudk udkif? aSUqHk;rSm BuD;rm;vSaom
cGyfa'gif;tvHBuD;udk jzefYvsuf ausmif;om; (10) a,mufcefY udkifaqmifvmMuonf/
]]&JabmfwdkY ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udk pwifrjyKvkyfbJeJY csKyfcs,fa&;pnf;urf;awGudkom pepfwus
vkyfaqmifaewmudk uRefawmfwdkY qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&OD;rSm jzpfw,f/ ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;? trsKd;om;ynm
a&; wnfaqmufa&;twGuf aSUvkyfief;udk qufvuf vkyfaqmif&vdrfhOD;r,f? rw&m; ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf;awGudk
vnf; kyfodrf;zdkY vufwGJwdkuf&OD;rSm jzpfw,f/ 'DwdkufyGJawGtwGuf taumif;qHk;vufeuf[m ausmif;om;xknDGwf
a&;yJ? ausmif;om;nDw
G af &;ukd r&raewnfaqmufNyD; ausmif;om;or*&UJ cGyaf 'gif;tvHatmufrmS pkpnf;nDw
G Nf yD;
qufvuf wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;MuygpdkY}} [k trIaqmifwOD;u qEjyyGJ ed*kH;csKyfrdefYcGef;udk or*taqmuftODaSUwGif ay;NyD;
aemuf us,favmif Snfvsm;vSaom vufckyfoHrsm;jzifh ed*kH;csKyf rdefYcGef;qHk;oGm;avonf/
(p) tMurf;zdEydS rf pI wifNyD

qEjyyGNJ yD;aomtcg ausmif;om;rsm;onf or*aqmif vufbuf&nfqikd w
f iG f xdik af eMuonf/ taqmuftOD
atmufxyfwGif rkefYpm;olpm;? aumfzDaomufolaomufESifh IyfvsufSdonf/ taqmuftOD tay:xyfwGif cdkiftoif;
wckonfvnf; armifr,fopfviG f BudKqdyk jJG yKvkyv
f sufo
dS nf/ xdt
k cdu
k f t"dywdvrf;zufrS um;oH;k pD; or*taqmuf
tODaSUxd;k &yfNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;udk vdu
k v
f zH rf;qD;aeonf/ wdu
k yf t
kH us0wfxm;olreS o
f rQudk vdu
k zf rf;onf/ ausmif;
om;rsm; zrf;qD;&mwGif wuoOu| udkAaqGav;? AuoOu| udkouf? udkPf0if;? udkpdk;wifh? udk&Jjrifh? udkxdef0if;?
udkMunfGefY? udk0if;Munf? udkwifaiG? udkcsKdwdkYudk &efukef&JtzGJUu wuotaqmuftODay:wGif zrf;qD;&rdvdkufonf/
xdkowif;onf taqmifwckvHk; jyefYoGm;NyD;aemuf ]]ausmif;om;awG vmMua[h? igwdkh acgif;aqmifawG
zrf;aeNy}D } [k owif;jyefYomG ;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf taqmifwikd ;f rS xGuv
f mum or*x0J if&ef BudK;pm;Muonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;udk zrf;qD;&m &Jrsm;udk jyefvnfckcHum ]ykvdyf tvdkrSd?} ]&J tvdkrSd}ponfjzifh atmf[pf
Muonf/ wuo taqmuftODESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkifwGifSdaom rEav;ausmif;aqmifESifh tr&ausmif;aqmifrS
ausmif;om;rsm;u cJrsm;jzifh aygufMuonf/ oxH?k yJc;l ausmif;aqmifrS ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; cJrsm;jzifh ykvyd rf sm;udk
ypf ausmif;om;rsm;udk zrf;qD;rIxyfrvkyEf ikd af tmif umuG,Mf uonf/ cJaygufrrI sm;jym;vm ykvyd rf sm; wuov
kd 0f if;
tjyifodkY qkwfcGmay;vdkufonf/ xdkYaemuf ausmif;om;rsm;onf t"dywdvrf;Sd wHcg;udk ydwfvdkufMuonf/
nae (4) em&DwGif oD;oefY&JtzGJUrS &Jom; (100) cefYonf t"dukPf; ESdrfESif;a&;um; (2) pD;? aoewfudkif
wyfrawmfum; (5) pD; a&mufvmonf/ 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGif? 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;ausmf? 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;armifarmifc
vufaxmuf&Jrif;BuD; OD;vSaiGwdkY urmGwf&JXmewGif a&mufSdaeonf/ oD;oefY&Jrsm;u rsuf&nf,dkAkH; (7) vHk; ypf
azmufvdkufonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u qufvuf qEjya<u;aMumfaeqJ jzpfonf/ 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGifu &Jrif;BuD;
OD;vSaiGtm; &Jrsm;jzifhom qlylrIxdef;ay;&ef wm0efay;onf/
nae (4) em&D (20) rdepfwiG f txl;owif; axmufvrS ;f a&;Xme &Jrif;BuD; OD;armifarmifEiS hf wwd,&mZ0wf
w&m;olBuD; OD;armifarmifMunfwdkY a&mufSdvmNyD; tajctaeudk tuJcwfMuonf/ AdkvfrSL;BuD;oef;pdef? AdkvfrSL;BuD;
wifpdk;? &efukef&Jrif;BuD; OD;cifarmifarmif? 'k-&Jrif;BuD; OD;oef;? 'kAdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGifwdkYvnf; a&mufSdvmonf/
nae (4) em&D (45) rdepfwGif rsuf&nf,dkAHk; (6) vHk;ypfNyD; ESdrfeif;jyefonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;
684

qufvufqEjyae aemufxyfAkH; (4) vHk; xyf azmufonf/
ausmif;om;rsm; vIyfSm;rI tenf;i,f &yfqdkif;oGm;aomf 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGifonf ausmif;om;rsm;qD
odkYoGm;NyD; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; xGufyg[kajym&m udkusif? udkpdef0if;? udkxGef;ausmf? udk0if;GefY? wuodkvf
t&Hwyf&if;rS ppf0wfpHk0wfxm;aom udkvSxGef;wdkY xGufvmMuonf/ 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGifu qlylrIudkxdef;ay;u
rdrdwdkY&Jrsm; jyefvnfkyfodrf;ay;rnf[k ajymonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ppf0wfpHk0wfxm;aom udkvSxGef;\tusudk
0dik ;f cRwNf yD; ppfO;D xkyu
f kd abmfv;kH vdv
k yk Nf yD; uefMuonf/ xdYk aemuf qEjyrIrsm;? cJypfrrI sm; qufvuf jzpfymG ;vmMuNyD;
oD;oefY&Jrsm;u rsuf&nf,dkAHk; (6) vHk;xyfrHypf&m rsuf&nf,dkAHk;aMumifh 'Pf&m&oGm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tcsif;
csif;az;r taqmiftwGif;odkY ac:,loGm;onf/
nae (5) em&D (45) rdepfwiG f 'k-Akv
d rf LS ;BuD;pdev
f iG u
f &Jrsm;udk jyefvnfyk o
f rd ;f NyD; ppfwyfukd tapmifch svu
kd f
aomtcgwGif ausmif;om;rsm;onf t"dywdvrf;zufodkY ay (20) cefY qkwfoGm;NyD; ygarmucsKyfOD;um\ pudk'g
p^659? ausmif;kH;ykdif abmufp*Gef p^6203 udk vrf;ray:odkY wGef;vmNyD; rD;dIUvdkufMuonf/
ausmif;om;rsm; ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmNyD; qEjyrIjrifhrm;vmum a<u;aMumfoHrsm; ykdrdkjrifhrm;vmonf/ nae
(5) em&D rdepf (40) wGif 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;oef;pdefu qlylrI&yfqdkif;&ef ajymonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; qufvufqEjyae&m
ntcsdefwGif aoewfESifh ypfcwfESdrfeif;cJh&m aoqHk;rIrsm;? 'Pf&m&rIrsm; jzpfay:cJhonf/ &efukefcdkif &mZ0wfw&m;
olBuD;u urmGwft0dkif;BuD;e,fajrtm; yk'fr (144) xkwfjyefNyD; wuodkvfe,fajrtwGif; ae0ifrD;Nidrf;trdefY xkwf
vdkufonf/
wuo taqmuftODaSY
t"dywdvrf;rBu;D ay:wiG f
&JEiS aUf usmif;om;
y#dyujrifuiG ;f
ausmif;om;wdu
hk cJjzifaU yguf
&Jrsm;u rsu&f nf,Akd ;kH ypfNy;D
vlpck aGJ epOfawG&Y yHk
685
Zlvikd v
f (7) &uf ausmif;om;ESi&Uf J
tjyeftvSef y#dyujzpfymG ;Ny;D
ausmif;om;rsm;xyfrH zrf;qD;rIrvkyEf ikd &f ef
t"dywdvrf; t"dut0ifayguf wHcg;Bu;D udk
ausmif;om;rsm;u ydwx
f m;vdu
k o
f nf
rEav;aqmifEiS Uf
tr&aqmifEpS cf Mk um;rS
qEjya<u;aMumfaeMuaom
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; qlyrl rI jyK&ef
'k-Adv
k rf LS ;Bu;D pdev
f iG f
oGm;a&mufajymMum;aepOf
(q) aoqH;k ol? 'Pf&m&ol? aysmufq;kH ol? zrf;qD;cH&olrsm;pm&if;
686
aoqHk;olrsm;pm&if;
1/ armifcifGefY(c)cifarmifGefY
2/ armifpef;aT
3/ armifausmf0if;
4/ armifpdef0if;
5/ armifusifrdk;
6/ armifoef;xGef;
7/ armifwifGefY
8/ armifpdef0if;
9/ qlAm;
10/ udkwifxGef;
'k-ESpf (bDat)
tcef; (83)? ppfudkif;aqmif Oypmtydkif; (c)
rEav;aqmif
0dZm (c)
tcef; (91)? awmifilaqmif 0dZm (c)
xm;0,fausmif;? Am;u&m
awmifilBuD;
wuodkvf0ifpmppfXme? pma&;
xGef;tvGwfynmoifausmif;
tvkyform;
yJcl;aqmif
'Pf&m&olrsm;
1/ udkrif;vGif
2/ udkpdk;GefY
3/ udkPf
yif;,aqmif
waumif;aqmif
'*Hkaqmif
bDtufpD (c) wef;

tdkiftufpD (c) wef;
tdkifat (c)

4/ udkwifvIdif
5/ udkwifxGef;
6/ udkpdk;0if;
7/ udkat;Munf
8/ udkcifOD;
9/ udkatmifrif;
10/ udkxGef;Nidrf;
11/ udkxGef;vIdif
12/ udkcspfatmif
13/ OD;zdk;pdef
14/ udkaxG;Edkif
15/ udkausmfodef;
16/ rpwmtm*,Drif;
17/ armifpdefoD
18/ udkpm&Dvdwf
19/ udkaevif;
20/ udkPf
21/ udkwifSdef
22/ udkausmfrif;
23/ udkwifatmif
24/ udkjrifhvGif
25/ udkbaomf
26/ udkatmifjrifh
27/ udk*geywf
28/ udk[ife&D
29/ udkjrwfNidrf;
30/ udkxGef;jrifhqefeD
31/ udkarmifarmifvwf
32/ udkvSatmif
33/ udkcifOD;
34/ udkrdk;pdef
35/ udkpwefavaomif;
36/ udkoef;a|;
37/ udkaTat;(c)tuf'0yfat;
38/ udkpdefwD
39/ udkpdk;0if;
40/ udkjrifhodef;
41/ udkpE&mwm;
42/ OD;pdefarmif
43/ armifpdef0if;
44/ udkcspfarmif
45/ rjrifhjrifh
46/ roef;&if
yk*Haqmif
waumif;aqmif
jynfausmif;aqmif
aeYausmif;om;
yif;,aqmif
aeYausmif;om;
rEav;aqmif
oxkHaqmif
oxkH (3) vrf;
"gwkaA'enf;jy
rEav;aqmif
*kHavQmfpuf? tvkyform;
wHwm;jzLae
tvkyform;wef;vsm;
jynfaqmif
yJcl;aqmif
yJcl;aqmif
waumif;aqmif
yk*Haqmif
yif;,aqmif
yif;,aqmif
yif;,aqmif
rEav;aqmif
tdkifat (c)
bDat (at)
tdkifat (bD)
tdkiftufpD (at)
bDat (bD)
bDtufpD (bD)
bDat (bD)
bDat (bD)
bDtufpD (bD)
bDat (bD)
OypmodyH (c)
Oypm (u)
Oypm (c)
0dZm (u)
0dZm (c)
0dZm*kPfxl;
0dZm (u)
Oypm (c)
Oypm (c)
0dZm*kPfxl;
Oypm (u)
0dZm (u)
Oypm (u)
Oypm (c)
0dZmwef;
0dZm (c)
0dZmodyH
OypmodyH (c)
OypmodyH (u)
t&yfom;
t&yfom;
t&yfom;
t&yfom;
aTbkdaqmif? rmvDrSL;
vuform;
pufrIvufrIausmif;om;
puffrIvufrIausmif;om;
wuodkvf0if;? t&yfol
wuodkvf0if;? t&yfol
687
tzrf;qD;cH&olrsm;
1/ udkjynfGefY
2/ udkwifaiG
3/ udkwifxGef;(c)udkodef;xdkuf
4/ udkcspfarmif
5/ udk0if;Munf
6/ udkxdef0if;
7/ udkb&if
8/ udkouf
9/ udkBuD;pdef
10/ udkPf0if;
11/ udkAaqGav;
12/ udkouf0if;
13/ udknDav;(c)udk&Jatmif
14/ udkapmr&
15/ udkcsKdcsKd(c)udkjroef;
16/ udkrif;atmif(c)atmifatmif
17/ udkxGef;wif
18/ udkcifxGef;
19/ udkav;jcpf(c)udkwifvIdif
20/ udkwifat;
21/ udk0if;Munf
awmifilaqmif
(45)? tmwD;,m;vrf;
0dZm (u)
OyZm (u)
OyZm (u)
0dZm (c)
0dZm (c)
0dZm (c)
0dZmodyH (u)
0dZm*kPfxl;aemufqHk;ESpf
OypmodyH (u)
tr&aqmif
rEav;aqmif
rEav;aqmif
oufBuD;wuodkvf
Auo-Ou|
&uo-twGif;a&;rSL;
wuo-Ou|
yJcl;aqmif
ynmwefaqmifausmif;
tif;0aqmif
oxHkaqmif
awmifilaqmif
OypmodyH (c)
atmufMunfhjrifwdkifvrf;
trSwf (72)? vdIifjrpfvrf;
awmifilaqmif
rEav;aqmif
0dZm (u)
0dZmody H(c)
Oypm (c)
aq;odyHaemufqHk;ESpf
t&yfom;
t&yfom;
pm&if;rjyEdkifol? aysmufqHk;ol ausmif;om; (40) yg0ifonf/
(Z) wuotaqmiftODBu;D NzKd cjJG cif;

1962 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (8) &uf? eHeuf (6) em&DwGif wuodkvfor*taqmuftODudk 'dkif;erdkufjzifh NzdKcGJypf
vdkufavonf/ e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? zufqpfqefYusifa&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;ordkif; rSwfwdkifBuD;jzpfaom
&efuek w
f uov
kd o
f r* taqmuftODBuD;udk rdu
k rf pJ mG NzdKcGv
J u
kd o
f nf/ xkrd QESihf r&yfao;bJ wm0eftSq
d ;kH yk*Kd vfjzpfaom
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD Ou| AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;u ]if;taqmuftODrmS ausmif;om;rsm;udk tvGo
J ;kH pm;vkyu
f m ausmif;
tmPmydik Ef iS Uf tpd;k &udk ykeu
f efvaYHI qmfonft
U aqmuftOD jzpfvmaMumif;ESiUf ajratmufoyl ek rf sm; vQK0Yd u
S q
f ufo,
G &f m
XmecsKyfBuD;jzpf MumSnfcGifUrjyKEdkifojzifU NzdKcGJvdkuf&aMumif;? "g;"g;csif;? vSHvSHjcif;}[k ajymqdkoGm;avonf/ odkYaomf
wuoonfvnf;aumif;? Auoonfvnf;aumif; raoqHk;? tNzdKcGJrcH&ay/ ausmif;om;ordkif;onf qufvuf
xGef;ajymifaernf? ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rIonf qufvufSifoefaernfom jzpfonf/ trSefw&m;onf rnfodkYaom
tcgrQ zH;k uG,
f r&ay/ xm0&wnfjrJaeaom trSew
f &m;twGuf trSew
f &m;bufawmfom;rsm;u qufvuf avQmuf
vSr;f aeMuOD;rnf? trSew
f &m;udk qefYusiforl sm;vnf; Sad eOD;rnf? ausmif;om;ESihf ausmif;rsm;onfvnf; qufvufdS
aeOD;rnf/
(wzufpmrsufESmrS yHkrsm;)
tay:- wuotaqmuftOD aYS dS
Adv
k af tmifausmaf usmufwikd u
f kd
tysut
f qD;rsm;Mum;wGif odahk wG&Y onf
atmuf- (*) &ufaeh reuf (6) em&DwGif 'dkif;erdkufESifU
azmufczGJ suq
f ;D tNy;D Si;f vif;aeMupOf
688

Source: Unknown
689
Source: The Student Movement and Civil War in Burma: page-84 (unknown)
1962 ck? Zlvikd v

f (12) &ufaehxw
k f [Hom0wDowif;pm aSrY suEf mS zH;k wGif Zlvikd f (7) &ufta&; aemufqufwjGJ zpf&yfrsm;udk odahk zmfjycJo
h nf
(tay:^0Jzuf- om;aoqH;k aMumif;od& aiGa<u;aeaom rdcif/ tay:^nmzuf- ausmif;rsm;ydwv
f u
kd af Mumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;
tdrjf yef&eftrdex
hf w
k v
f u
dk o
f nf/ atmuf^0J- aoqH;k oltcsK\
Yd tavmif;rsm;udo
k m rdbaqGrsK;d ud,
k w
f ikd f oN*K[
cf iG &Uf cJMU uonf/)
690
a'gif;&moDjynfawmfvSefa&;
(1)
trSefw&m;&JU
&rufuGef,ufxJ
igh awmfvSefa&;twawG
0JysHoGm;w,f/
(2)
twdwf&mZ0ifqdk;
yJhwifoH[m
tmPmpufoHrPdtdrfudk
jymcs
&J&ifhwJhtem*wfrsKd;qufysKd
urmraMuwJh vufoD;qkyfxJ
tm;rmef
acgif;ndwfwcsuf
tjyHK;wvSnfh
tpfudkBuD;opfykwfyif
uMunfh
'gayr,fh
ppfbdeyfoHawG
ppfaoewfoHawG
ppfrsuf&nf,dkAHk;awG
ppf*ef;ydkufvHk;awGaMumifh
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691
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vrdkuf
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693
694
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(13)
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695
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Source: Dr KTT (ASO's Students Movement
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Source: Unknown
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696
&efuek w
f uov
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f uov
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(1930-1962)
1/ udkausmfcif
2/ udkxGef;pdef
udkbdk;ul;
3/ udkpHazmfatmif
4/ udkodef;armif
5/ udkzdk;at;
6/ udEk k
7/ udk&mSpf
8/ udkb*srf;
9/ udkatmifqef;
udkA[def;
1930-31
1931-32
/
1932-33
1933-34
1934-35
1935-36
1936-37
1937-38
1938-39
/
10/ udkvSaT
11/ udkAaqG
12/ udkvSarmif
1939-40
1940-41
1941-42
udkxGef;pdef EkwfxGuf Mum;jzwfaG;aumufyJGjzifh aG;cs,fonf/
udak tmifqef; oufwrf;ukeaf tmif raqmifu

G b
f J wdYk Armtpnf;tH;k
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('kwd,urmppftwGif; wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* zJGYpnf;jcif;rSdyg/)

13/
14/
15/
16/
17/
18/
19/
20/
udkoef;
udkoef;armif (ol&d,)
udkpdefvS
udk&efa0;
udkarmifarmifausmf
udkudkav;
udkpdefbef;
udkudkBuD;
1945-46
1946-47
1947-48
1948-49
1949-50
1950-51
1951-52
1952-53
(1953-54 wuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* aG;aumufyGJysuf wuodkvfausmif;om;or* rSday/)

21/
22/
23/
24/
25/
26/
27/
28/
udkwifxGef;
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1954-55
1955-56
1956-57
1957-58
1958-59
1959-60
1960-61
1961-62
697
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698
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aemuf
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GJ
To
..............................
..............................
..............................
Date ..............................
All BURMA STUDENTS CONFERENCE
1. The above Conference will be held in Rangoon coming the third week of April,
1936, (most probably on the 21st and 22nd of April, 1936, the exact date and
place will be notified later) under the auspices of the Rangoon University Boycotters
council.
2. The session will last two days.
3. All schools and Colleges can send delegates to this CONFERENCE, and a fee of
Rs. 1/- will be levied for each delegate.
4. Free messing and accommodation for the delegates will be provided by the Rangoon
University boycotters Council during the Conference. But delegates will have to
bear their own travelling expense.
5. All Students wishing to attend as delegate are requested to inform the Rangoon
University Boycotters Council either individually or collectively.
6. The number of delegate is not limited.
7. These attending to attend the Conference are requested to send to the Rangoon
University Boycotters Council, before the 10th of April, 1936 all resolutions to be
moved at the Conference.
8. All delegate arriving at Rangoon are requested to report at the Headquarters,
Rangoon University Boycotters immediately on arrival in Rangoon. Previous
intimation of time and date of arrival should also be sent.
Conference Section,
University Boycotters Council
Shwedagon Pagoda,
Rangoon.
- 1 -
aemufqufwGJ (24)
ArmEdik if v
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1/
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2/
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hf OD; jzLpifaomarwmjzifh
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aqmifGufrnf/
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(u) urmvHk;qkdif&mausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;rnf/
(c) Edik if jH cm;odYk ud,
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(c) oifwef;rsm; jyKvkyfay;jcif;?
(*) pmpDpmukH;NydKifyGJrsm; jyKvkyfay;jcif;?
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(i) pmMunfhwdkufrsm; zGifhvSpfay;jcif;?
(p) tdrfwGif;upm;rIrsm;ESifh jyifyupm;rIrsm;udk tm;ay; NydKifyGJrsm;usif;yay;jcif;?
(q) ausmif;om;rsm;ESpfouf&m? 0goemyg&m? aqG;aEG;yGJ tzGJUi,frsm;zGJUpnf;ay;jcif;?
(1) t*Fvdyfpm? (2) jrefrmpmay? (3) EdkifiHordkif;? (4) yx0D?
(5) ywf0ef;usifavmuESifhoufqdkif&m? (6) odyHynm? (7) wl&d,m?
(8) um,AvESifh tm;upm;? (9) EdkifiHa&;ynm? (10) tzGJUi,fwdkY jzpfonf/
(3) ArmEkdifiH\ ynma&;tqifhtwef;jrifhwif&ef/ ausmif;om;rsm;\tcGifhta&;rsm;udk umuG,f&efESifh
ArmEdik if v
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twGuf- 2 -
aemufqufwGJ (24)
(u) urmw0Srf;vHk;Sd EdkifiHtoD;oD;\ ynma&;pepf ynma&;0g'udk qnf;yl;avhvmjcif;/
(c) ynma&;ESiyhf wfowf jyKjyif&ef? csUJ xGi&f ef vdt
k yfonfrsm;udk oufqikd &f m tmPmydik rf sm;xHrS
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(i) ausmif;om;wyfzGJUpnf; ppfynmavhusifhjcif;/
rSwcf su-f yk'fr (6) rysufcifpyfMum; (i) tydk'fwGif ausmif;om;&Jacgif[k eHrnfajymif;
ppfynmvufawGUavhusifhjcif;rS acw&yfpJxm;&rnf/
(p) ausmif;om;rsm;onf rnfonfyh gwD *dP
k ;f *Prqdk vkyif ef;pOfuu
kd n
f v
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yl;aygif;aqmifGufjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/
- ausmif;om;tusdK;twGuf wckwnf;omjzpf&rnf/
- wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifaom EdkifiHa&;jyemrsm;
- ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;rS qHk;jzwfaomrlESifh vrf;pOfrsm;jzpfcJhaom jyemtoD;
oD;rsm;udk aqmifGufEdkifonf/
tcef; (2)
or*0ifaMu;ESifU or*0ifa&;
1/
/ ArmEdkifiH rnfonfhausmif;rsKd;rqdk? pmayoif,lavhvmqJ ausmif;om;? ausmif;olwdkif; or*0iftjzpf
vufcH&rnf/
2/
/ txufyg tcef; (2)? yk'fr (1) t& atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHkolrsm;udkom or*0if
tjzpfvufcH&rnf/
(u) touf (10) ESpf jynfh&rnf/
(c) udk,fusifhw&m;aumif;rGef or*\aus;Zl;opmudk apmifhoddkaooljzpf&rnf/
(*) A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ 0ifjzpfap? cdik t
f rIaqmiftzGUJ 0ifjzpfap (odYk r[kw)f or*ct
JG rIaqmif tzGUJ 0ifjzpfap
if;yk*dKvfrsm;xJrS ESpfOD;u tusifhpm&dwaumif;aMumif; tmrcH&rnf/
(C) or*\&nfG,fcsufESifh pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk em;vnfvdkufemEdkifol jzpf&rnf/
(i) A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ rS tcsdet
f cgESiahf vsmfnpD mG owfrw
S af om0ifaMu;ESihf ESppf OfaMu;aiGrsm;udk ajyvnf
atmif ay;oGif;Edkifolrsm; jzpf&rnf/
(p) l;oGyfaoma&m*gESifh ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm; rSdap&/
(q) tpOftwdkif; wOD;\trdefYudkwOD; waoGrwdrf;emcH&rnf/
(Z) or*0ifvv
kd Qif rSwyf w
kH ifoufqikd &f mrS 0ifaMu;ESiw
hf uGay;,l axmufcpH mjzifh oufqikd &f mrSwqifh
pD or*cGJ NrdKUe,for*? cdkifor*\ vufrSwfygaom rSwfyHkwifwapmif XmecsKyfodkY ay;ydkY&rnf/
3/
/ or*0ifwdkif; or*tpnf;ta0;rsm; aG;aumufyGJrsm; rJay;ydkifcGifhSdap&rnf/
4/
/ or*0ifwOD; tjzpf0ifa&muf&ef t&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkol wOD;onf taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL; odkYr[kwf
or*cGJ twGif;a&;rSL;rS awmif;,l&SdEdkifaom toif;0ifyHkpHudk tcef; (2)? yk'fr (2)? tydk'fi,f (*) t&? tmrcHolESpfOD;
\ vufrSwfESifh wifoGif;&rnf/
5/
/ or*0ifwOD; jypfru
I sL;vGecf ahJ omf or*ct
JG rIaqmiftzGUJ u 'gPfu
kd jf cif;? acwEw
k yf ,fjcif;? vH;k 0Ekwyf ,f
jcif;wdYk ukd jyKvkyEf ikd o
f nf/ uJo
h Ykd jyKvky&f mwGif A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ ud,
k pf m; ckid o
f r* Ou|\ oabmwlncD sufukd
&,l&rnf/
6/
/ txufyg yk'fr (5) t& tjypfay;jcif;cH&aom toif;0ifwOD;onf tu,f rauseyfvQif A[dkor*
OD;pD;tzGJU (odkYr[kwf) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;nDvmcHrsm;wGif t,lcHydkifcGifhSdap&rnf/
7/
/ txufygtcef; (2)? yk'fr (357) ? or*trIaqmiftjzpf taG;cHEkdifcGifhonf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\
wm0efcH tvkyftrIaqmifrsm;jzpfaom or*0ifrsm; rSdap&/
- 3 -
aemufqufwGJ (24)
1/
tcef; (3)
or*\tzGJYtpnf;rsm;
/ or*\tzGJUtpnf;rsm;um; atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/
(u) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*nDvmcH (uGef*&uf)
(c) A[dkor*OD;pD;tzGJU (aumifpD)
(*) A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJU
(C) cdkiftrSKaqmiftzGJU
(i) NrdKUe,ftrSKaqmiftzGJU
(p) or*cGJtrSKaqmiftzGJU
tcef; (4)
ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH
1/
/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*dKvfrsm;yg0if&rnf/
(u) A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;
(c) cdkifausmif;om;or*wdkif;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
(*) NrdKUe,for*rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
rSwfcsuf- ArmEdik if v
H ;kH qkid &f mausmif;om;or*crJG sm;rS trsm;qEt& aG;aumufwifajrmuf Edik if v
H ;kH qkid &f m nDvmcHoYkd
wufa&muf&rnfh udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&udk A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwfydkifcGifh Sdonf/
2/
/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHudk omreftm;jzifh wESpfwBudrfus ESpfpOfusif;y&rnf/
3/
/ nDvmcHac:qdka&;ESifh ywfoufonfh aeY&uftcsdefESifh pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUu owfrSwfa&;qGJ
ydkifcGifhSd&rnf/
4/
/ tu,f A[dt
k rSKaqmiftzGUJ tm; if;wdYk onf St
d yfaom tcGit
hf a&;rsm;xuf ydrk v
kd eG u
f
J aqmifu
G cf suf
qH;k jzwfcsurf sm; So
d nf[k ,lqcJv
h Qif if;wdYk EiS hf ywfouf nDvmcHwiG jf zpfap? A[dOk ;D pD;tzGUJ tpnf;ta0;
wGifjzpfap apm'uwufEdkifcGifh Sdonf/
5/
/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHonf tcsKyftcsmtmPm tydkifqHk;jzpf atmufazmfjyyg udpr sm;ESifhywfouf
aom tqdkrsm; wifoGif;Edkifonf/ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfEdkifonf/
(u) or*\ tkycf sKyfa&; pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk jyifqif&ef? jznfph u
G &f ef? twnfjyK&ef (odYk r[kw)f y,fzsuf&ef?
(c) or*ESifhywfoufaom udprsm;?
(*) wEdkifiHvHk; wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifh ywfoufaomudprsm;/
6/
/ nDvmcHtpnf;ta0; or*EiS ahf omfvnf;aumif;? or*\vkyif ef;rsm;ESiafh omfvnf;aumif; ywfoufaom
ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;EdkifcGifhSdonf/ odkY&mwGif ar;jref;vdkaom ar;cGef;\ taMumif;t&mrsm;udk A[dktrSK
aqmiftzGJUodkY BudKwif taMumif;Mum;xm;ESifh&rnf/
7/
/ nDvmcHtpnf;ta0;rS cefYrSef;xm;onfh OD;a&\ xuf0ufwufa&mufvQif w&m;0ifxajrmufonf[k
rSwf,l&rnf/
8/
/ or*\ tkycf sKyfa&;pnf;rsOf;udk jyifqifjznfph u
G f (odYk r[kw)f y,fzsufjcif;rsm;udk nDvmcHtzGUJ 0if oH;k yHEk pS yf kH
u qErJay; qErJay;olwdkY\ oHk;yHkESpfyHku oabmusrSom twnfjyK&rnf/
9/
/ EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHrS A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUudk zGJUpnf;&rnf/ if;OD;pD;tzGJUwGif - pnf;rsOf;tcef; (4)? yk'fr
(1)? ydk'fi,f (u) ESifh (c) t& - A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJUESifh cdkifnDvmcHrsm;rS aG;aumufwifajrmufaom
udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifap&rnf/
10/
/ EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mor*Ou|udk wESpfwBudrf usif;yaom EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif qErJjzifh aG;aumuf
wifajrmuf&rnf/
11/
/ txufyg tcef; (4)? yk'fr (10) t& usif;yrnfhaG;aumufyGJudk pnf;rsOf;tcef; (17) t& usif;y&rnf/
12/
/ aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif;cH&aom Ou|onf pDrHESifhwGJbufvkyfudkif&ef &mxm;onfh A[dktrSKaqmif
tzGJU0ifrsm;\trnfrsm;udk aMunmNyD;vQif nDvmcH\oabmwlnDcsufudk &,l&rnf/
13/
/ or*\ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH (odkYr[kwf) trIaqmiftzGJUu wifjy&rnf/
- 4 -
aemufqufwGJ (24)
14/
15/
/ EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH tqdkygaG;aumfrwDtpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJUOu|u obmywd?

taxGtaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;u tusKd;aqmiftjzpf toD;oD;jzpf&rnf/
/ tu,f pnf;rsOf;tcef; (4) yk'fr (14) twdkif; tzGJUoHk;yHkwyHk vufrcHEdkifvQif nDvmcH\ obmywdESifh
tusKd;aqmifudk A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU0ifrsm;xJrS trsm;qEt& aG;cs,f&rnf/
tcef; (5)
A[dkOD;pD;tzGJY
1/
/ tcef; (4) yk'fr (9) t& zGJUpnf;onfh A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUonf EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHrSvGJ tcsKyftjcm
tmPmtydkifqHk;aom tzGJUjzpf&rnf/
2/
/ A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJUESifh rNyD;jywfEdkifaom jyemt&yf&yfudk A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUu aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf&rnf/
3/
/ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUudk ta&;ay:onfhtavQmuf ac:,lusif;yEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGifac:ydkifcGifhrSm Ou|ESifh A[dk
trIaqmiftzGJUom Sdonf/ EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHac:ouJhodkY or*cGJrsm;u awmif;,lydkifcGifhrSd/
4/
/ pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESihf ywfoufaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk ,m,Djyifqif jznfph u
G jf cif;ESihf ,m,DEw
k yf ,fjcif;
rsm;udk A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUu qHk;jzwfjyKvkyfydkifcGifhSdonf/ odkY&mwGif vHk;0jyifqifjznfhpGufjcif;? Ekwfy,fjcif;rsm;udk A[dkOD;pD;
tzGJUu jyKvkyfydkifcGifhrSd/
5/
/ A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ onf A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ 0if wOD;OD;tm; tjypftavsmuf &mxl;rS,m,DEw
k yf ,fjcif;? &yfqikd ;f
jcif;udk jyKvkyfydkifcGifhSdonf/
6/
/ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU\ obmywdESifhtusKd;aqmifrsm;onf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU\Ou|ESifh taxGtaxGtwGif;
a&;rSL; toD;oD;jzpf&rnf/
7/
/ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUonf or*\vkyfief;pOf tajccHudk jy|mef;Edkifonf/ or*\ vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh ywfouf
A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUtm; pdppfEdkifonf? TefMum;Edkifonf/
8/
/ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU\ tpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh wESpfvQif ESpfBudrf usif;y&rnf/ tpnf;ta0; ac:,la&;
rSm tcef; (5)? yk'fr (3) t&jzpfonf/ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU\ ESpfywfvnf tpnf;ta0;wGif
(u) A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJU\ &nfG,fcsufrsm;udk vnf;aumif; ? tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? aqG;aEG;t
wnf jyK&rnf/
(c) or*\ &HyHkaiG pm&if;Sif;wrf;udk zwfMum;twnfjyK&rnf/
(*) ukefqHk;cJhaom ESpftwGif; NyD;cJhaomvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk trSm;trSef jyefvSefppfaq;jcif; ? a0zefjcif;rsm;
jznfhpGufjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&rnf/
(C) or*\vmrnfhESpf 0ifaiG xGufaiG cefrSef;ajcpm&if;udk wifoGif;twnfjyK&rnf/
9/
/ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU\ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh ywfouf wifvdkvQif (odkYr[kwf) rauseyfcJhvQif qdkif&mnDvmcH
wGif t,lcHEdkifcGifhSdonf/
1/
2/
tcef; (6)
A[dktrIaqmiftzGJY
/ (u) aemufwBudrf Edik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcHrS aG;aumufwifajrmufaom A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ opf zGUJ pnf;NyD;
onftxd A[dkor*OD;pD;tzGJUrSty tmPmtydkifqHk;jzpf or*\aSUarSmufwGif usa&mufaom
jyemt&yf&yfudk aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf ajzSif;ydkifcGifh Sdonf/ rdrdvufatmufcHor*rsm;\ vkyfief;&yf
toD;oD;wGif yg0if tMuHPfay;jcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;rsm;udk vkyfEkdifonf/
(c) A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ onf Edik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcHEiS hf A[do
k r*O;D pD;tzGUJ rS vTt
J yfaom udpt
&yf&yfrsm;udk
jzpfajrmufatmifaqmifu
G &f ef tzGUJ taeESiahf omfvnf;aumif;? tzGUJ 0ifwOD;pDtaeESiahf omfvnf;aumif;
Sdap&rnf/
/ or*\A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/
(1) Ou|
(2) 'k-Ou|
(3) aiGxdef;
- 5 -
aemufqufwGJ (24)
(4) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
(5) tjcm; (12) OD; xufrydkaom trIaqmifrsm;/
3/
/ Ou|ESiAhf [dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ 0ifrsm;onf rnfonfEh ikd if aH &;ygwD\ wm0efc?H tvkyt
f rIaqmifrsm; rjzpfap&/
4/
/ or*0iftoif;om;tjzpf tenf;qHk;wESpf 0ifa&mufNyD;rSom A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUwGif yg0ifEdkifonf/
rSwcf su-f or*tzGUJ csKyfEiS q
hf ufo,
G Nf yD; or*crJG sm;wGif or*0iftjzpf tenf;qH;k wESpyf g0ifb;l olrsm;udk qdv
k o
kd nf/
5/
/ A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ \Ou|onf A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ 0iftjzpf tenf;qH;k wESpaf qmifu
G b
f ;l ol jzpf&rnf/
>cif;csuf- tcef; (17)? yk'fr (7) (u)? (c) t& aG;aumufEdkifonf/
6/
/ or*ESifhywfoufaom enf;Oya' Hk;vkyfief;ESifh oufqdkifaom enf;Oya't&yf&yfudk A[dktrIaqmif
tzGJUu owfrSwf&rnf/
7/
/ pnf;rsOf;tcef; (5)? yk'fr (5) t& Ekwfy,fcH&aom (odkYr[kwf) EkwfxGufvpfvyfaom trIaqmif
ae&mtwGuf A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ u A[dOk ;D pD;tzGUJ \ oabmwlncD suft& aG;cs,fEikd o
f nf (odYk r[kw)f ,m,DcefYxm;
Edkifonf/
8/
/ tcef; (5)? yk'fr (5) t& Ou|Ekwfy,fcJhaomf (odkYr[kwf) EkwfxGufcJhaomf EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH\
oabmwlnDcsufjzifh if;zGJUpnf;cJhaom A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJUrSm rysufbJ qufvuf w&m;0ifonf[k ,lq&rnf/
9/
/ A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ onf or*vyk if ef; wGiu
f s,af p&eftwGuf trIaqmiftzGUJ cGrJ sm;ESihf XmecGrJ sm; zGUJ pnf;jcif;
rsm; jyKvkyfEkdifonf/
10/
/ or*tzGUJ csKyftwGuf taxGaxG0efxrf;rsm; cefYxm;jcif;? Ekwyf ,fjcif;? if;wdYk tm; vpmESihf axmufyahH Mu;
aiGrsm; owfrSwfjcif;wdkY A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu vHk;0wm0ef,l aqmifGuf&rnf/
11/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf or*vkyfief;pOfrsm;twGuf pkaygif;acgif;aqmifrIESifh wGJbuf wm0efcHrIrsm;Sd
rnf/
12/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf or*vkyfief;w&yfw&yfESifh ywfouf vdktyfvQif wm0efcHrnf/ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU
tpnf;ta0; ac:,lEkdifonf/
13/
/ or*tzGJUcsKyfydkif ypnf;tm;vHk;udkvnf; A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu pDrHtkyfcsKyf&rnf/
14/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU tpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh &ufow (2) ywfvQif wBudrfus pnf;a0;&rnf/
15/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0if wOD;OD;onf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUtpnf;ta0;ac:,l&ef vdktyfonfxifvQif tjcm;
A[dktrIaqmif (2) OD;\ vufrSwfa&;xkd;axmufcHcsufudk Ou|xHwifoGif;vQif Ou|uA[dktrIaqmiftzGJU\ txl;
tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,l&rnf/
16/
/ tpnf;ta0;ac:ydkifcGifh tmPmSdolrsm;rSm Ou|ESifh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif Ou|\
oabmwlnDcsuf&&rnf/
17/
/ omreftpnf;ta0;ESifh txl;tpnf;ta0;rsm; tzGJU0ifOD;a& xuf0ufwufa&muf ta&;ay:tpnf;
ta0;rsm; Ou|yg0ifaom trIaqmiftzGJU0if (5) OD;wufa&mufvQif tpnf;ta0; jzpfajrmufonf/
>cif;csu-f A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU\ oHk;yHkwyHkuac:,l&ef? (3) cgwdwd taMumif;jy awmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf; Ou| rwuf
a&mufcJhvQif if;oHk;yHkwyHku pnf;a0;ydkifcGifh qHk;jzwfydkifcGifhSdonf/
18/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;onf rnfonfhtcgrQ udk,fpm;vS,fvTwf vnf;aumif;? owif;pum;
taMumif;Mum;vnf;aumif; qErJray;&/
19/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf cdkifor*\ vkyfief;rsm;udk yg0ifaqmifGufEdkifonf/ tultnD ay;Edkifonf/
vkdtyfonf xifvQif vHk;0wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifEdkifonf/
20/
/ EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifwdkif; wm0ef,l&rnf/
1/
tcef; (7)
ckdifnDvmcH uGef*&uf
/ cdkifnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;wGif atmufygyk*dKvfrsm; yg0ifap&rnf/
(1) cdkiftrIaqmiftzGJU?
(2) A[dkor*OD;pD;tzGJUodkY wufa&mufaom cdkifudk,fpm;vS,frsm;?
(3) or*cGJrsm;rS trsm;qEt& aG;aumufwifajrmuf apvTwfaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;/
- 6 -
aemufqufwGJ (24)
2/
3/
/ cdkiftrSKaqmiftzGJU or*cGJrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&udk owfrSwfydkifcGifhSdonf/

/ (u) cdkifnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;udk or*tm;jzifh wpfESpfvQif ESpfBudrfus ac:,lusif;y&rnf?
(c) ta&;ay:cdkifnDvmcHudk cdkiftrIaqmiftzGJUu ac:,lEdkifcGifhSdonf?
(*) or*cOJG ;D a& oH;k yHw
k yHu
k awmif;qdck v
hJ Qif cdik t
f rIaqmiftzGUJ u &ufow (3) ywf BudKwiftaMumif;
Mum; cdkiftxl;nDvmcHudk ac:ay;&rnf/
4/
/ ESpyf wfvnf cdik n
f v
D mcHukd Edik if v
H ;kH qdik &f m nDvmcHrac:rDtwGi;f A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ taxGtaxGtwGi;f
a&;rSL;\ TefMum;csuft& cdkiftrIaqmiftzGJUu BuD;rSL;usif;y&rnf/
ESpfywfvnfcdkifnDvmcHwGif1/ cdkiftrIaqmiftzGJUopfudk pnf;rsOf;tcef; (4)? yk'fr (11) (12) (13) twdkif;? pnf;rsOf;tcef; (15)
t& aG;aumuf wifajrmuf&rnf/
2/ EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHodkY wufa&mufrnfh A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf owfrSwfxm;onfh ta&twGuf
twdkif; udk,fpm;vS,frsm; aG;aumuf&rnf/ if;cdkifudk,fpm;vS,frsm;rSm EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHwGif
A[dkor*OD;pD;tzGJU0iftjzpf taG;cH&rnfholrsm; jzpfonf/
3/ (u) or*vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufaomtqdkrsm; wifoGif; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfEkdifonf/
(c) EdkifiHjyemt&yf&yfESifh ywfoufaomtqdkrsm; wifoGif; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfEdkifonf/
5/
/ cdkifnDvmcHudk pnf;rsOf;tcef; (4)? yk'fr (14) ESifh (15) rsm; twdkif; aqmifGuf&rnf/
tcef; (8)
cdkiftrIaqmiftzGJY
1/
/ cdkiftrIaqmiftzGJUrSm cdkifnDvmcHrS trsm;qEt& aG;aumufwifajrmufaom tzGJUjzpf&rnf/
2/
/ cdkiftrIaqmifOD;a&rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/
(1) Ou|
(2) 'k-Ou|
(3) twGif;a&;rSL;
(4) aiGxdef;
(5) tjcm; 10 OD;xuf rydkaom trIaqmifrsm;/
3/
/ ckdiftrIaqmiftzGJUonf
(u) cdkifausmif;om;or*\ vkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif vHk;0wm0ef,l acgif;aqmif&rnf/
(c) A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ \ ckid af usmif;om;or*vyk if ef;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmifu
G jf cif;? tultnD
ay;jcif;ESifh vHk;0wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifjcif;rsm;udk vufcH&rnf/
4/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUodkY wvwBudrftpD&ifcHpmrsm; rSefrSefay;ydkY&rnf/
(1) pnf;Hk;rSKtiftm;
(2) vkyfief;pOfvmt&yf&yf
(3) b@ma&;tajctae
(4) XmetoDo;D toD;oD; tpD&ifcpH mrsm; yg0if&rnf/ cdik t
f rIaqmiftzGUJ Ou|ESihf twGi;f a&;rSL;
\ vufrSwfrsm;jzifh ay;ydkY&rnf/
5/
/ cdkiftrSKaqmiftzGJUonf(u) Hk;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUrS TefMum;aomvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmifGuf&rnf/
(c) or*crJG sm;odYk A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ rS ay;ydYk aom TeMf um;vTmrsm;udk rdwL rsm;jyKvky
f or*oUkd
jzefYcsd &rnf/
(*) or*cGJ\ pm&if;tif;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk BudKwiftaMumif;Mum; ppfaq;Ekdifonf/
6/
/ cdkiftrIaqmiftzGJUonf or*vkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif yg0ifaqmifGufEdkifonf/ vkdtyfonfxifvQif vHk;0
wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifEkdifonf/
7/
/ cdkifb@ma&;/
8/
/ cdkifor*rsm;onf A[dkor*odkY ESpfpOfaMu; (50d) ig;q,fusyfwdwd ay;aqmif&rnf/
- 7 -
aemufqufwGJ (24)
tcef; (9)
NrdKYe,fnDvmcHtzGJY
1/
/ NrdKUe,for*nDvmcHudk NrdKUe,for*trIaqmif\ qEt& ac:Edkifonf/ NrdKUe,for*0ifrsm;\ oHk;yHkwyHk
uvnf; ac:,l&ef awmif;qdkydkifcGifhSdonf/
2/
/ NrdKUe,for*nDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*dKvfrsm; yg0ifap&rnf/
(u) NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJU
(c) NrdKUe,for*0ifrsm;
3/
/ NrdKUe,for*\ ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHudk cdkifnDvmcHrusif;yrD NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUrS twGif;a&;rSL;\
TeMf um;csuft& usif;y&rnf/ (if;NrdKUe,ftwGi;f a&;rSL;\ TeMf um;csufonf NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGUJ \ qH;k jzwfcsuf
t&om jzpf&rnf/)
4/
/ NrdKUe,for*ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHwGif
(1) NrdKUe,fnv
D mcHoYkd wufa&mufrnfh ud,
k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& ta&twGuu
f kd NrdKUe,f trIaqmiftzGUJ rS
owfrSwfonfh twdkif; jzpfap&rnf/
(2) NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUopfudk pnf;rsOf;tcef; (17) t& aG;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf/
(3) (u) or*vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufaomtqdkrsm; wifoGif;cg qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwf&rnf/
(c) wEdik if v
H ;kH ESiyhf wfoufaom jyemt&yft&yfukd tqkrd sm;wifoiG ;f um qH;k jzwfcsufrsm;
csrSwf&rnf/
5/
/ NrdKUe,for*cGJ\ ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHwGif pnf;rsOf;tcef; (4)? yk'fr (14) ESifh (15)? tcef; (7)? yk'fr
(5) wdkYt& aqmifGuf&rnf/
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
tcef; (10)
e,f&SdtrIaqmiftzGJY
/ NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUrSm NrdKUe,fnDvmcHrS trsm;qEt& aG;aumufwifajrmufaom tzGJUjzpf&rnf/
/ NrdKUe,ftrIaqmifOD;a&rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/
(1) Ou|
(2) 'k-Ou|
(3) twGif;a&;rSL;
(4) aiGxdef;
(5) tjcm; (7) OD;xufrydkaom trIaqmifrsm;/
/ NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUonf(u) NrdKUe,for*\ vkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif vHk;0wm0ef,l acgif;aqmif&rnf/
(c) cdik t
f rIaqmiftzGUJ \ NrdKUe,fausmif;om;or*vyk if ef;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmifu
G jf cif;? tult
nDay;jcif;ESifh vHk;0wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifjcif;rsm;udk vufcH&rnf/
/ cdkiftrIaqmiftzGJUodkY wvwBudrftpD&ifcHpmrsm; rSefrSefay;ydkY&rnf/
(1) pnf;Hk;rItiftm;
(2) vkyfief;pOft&yf&yf
(3) b@ma&;tajctae
(4) XmetoD;oD;tpD&ifcHpmrsm; yg0ifonf/
NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh twGif;a&;rSL;vufrSwfrsm;jzifh ay;ydkY&rnf/
/ NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUonf(u) Hk;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh cdkiftrIaqmiftzGJUrS TefMum;aomvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmifGuf&rnf/
(c) or*cGJrsm;odkY cdkiftrIaqmiftzGJUrS ay;ydkYaom TefMum;vTmrsm;udk rdwLrsm;jyKvkyfum or*
cGJodkY jzefYcsd&rnf/
(*) or*cGJ\pm&if;tif;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk MudKwif taMumif;Mum;um ppfaq;Edkifonf/
- 8 -
aemufqufwGJ (24)
6/
/ NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUonf or*\vkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif yg0ifaqmifGufEdkifonf/ vdktyfonf xifvQif
vHk;0wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifEdkifonf/
7/
/ NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUtpnf;ta0; atmufyg pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;jcif;? qHk;jzwfjcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyf&rnf/
(u) NrdKUe,for*\ pnf;Hk;rItiftm;
(c) NrdKUe,for*\ b@ma&;oHk;pm&if;
(*) NrdKUe,for*\ aeYpOfvkyfief;
(C) NyD;pD;cJhonfh XmetoD;oD;\tpD&ifcHpmrsm;
(i) oufqkdif&me,fwGif; vlxkta&;ESifhywfoufaom jyemrsm;/
8/
/ NrdKUe,for*b@ma&;/
NrdKUe,for*onf cdkifor*odkY cdkifnDvmcH\ qHk;jzwfcsuft& qufaMu;ay;ydkY&rnf/
tcef; (11)
or*cGJnDvmcHtzGJY
1/
/ or*cGJnDvmcHudk or*trIaqmiftzGJU\ qEt&ac:,lEdkifonf/ or*cGJrsm;\ oHk;yHkwyHk uvnf;ac:,l
&ef awmif;qkdydkifcGifhSdonf/
2/
/ or*cGJnDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*dKvfrsm;yg0ifap&rnf/
(u) trIaqmiftzGJU
(c) twef;wm0efcHrsm;
(*) or*0ifrsm;
3/
/ or*c\
JG ESpyf gwfvnf nDvmcHukd NrdKUe,fnv
D mcHrusif;yrD qdik &f mor*cJG trIaqmiftzGUJ rS twGi;f a&;rSL;
\ TefMum;csuft& usif;y&rnf/
4/
/ or*cGJESpfywfvnf nDvmcHwGif
1/ NrdKUe,fESifh cdkifnDvmcHudkwufa&mufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk aG;&rnf/
2/ or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUtopfudk pnf;rsOf;tcef; (17) t& aG;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf/
3/ (u) or*vkyfief;rsm;ESifhywfoufaom tqdkrsm;wifoGif; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwf&ef?
(c) wEdkifiHvHk;ESifhywfoufaom jyemt&yf&yfudk tqdkrsm;wifoGif;um qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;
cs&rnf/
5/
/ or*cGJ\ ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHwGif pnf;rsOf;tcef; (4)? yk'fr (14) ESifh (15)? tcef; (7)? yk'fr (5)
wdkYt& aqmifGuf&rnf/
tcef; (12)
or*rsm;ESifh trIaqmiftzGJY
1/
/ cdik v
f ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcHoYkd ud,
k pf m;vS,af pvTwaf om or*ct
JG zGUJ tpnf;wckonf NrdKUe,frw
S qifh cdik o
f Ykd
qufoG,fNyD;aom or*jzpf&rnf/ xkdqufoG,fjcif;udk A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu todtrSwf jyKNyD;aomtcg or*tzGJU
csKyf\ w&m;0ifaomor*cGJwck jzpfvmonf/
2/
/ or*cGJ\trIaqmiftzGJUrSm pnf;rsOf;tcef; (15) t& or*cGJnDvmcHrS wifajrmufaom tzGJUjzpf&rnf/
3/
/ or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/
(1) Ou|
(2) 'k-Ou|
(3) twGif;a&;rSL;
(4) aiGxdef;
(5) tjcm; (7) OD;xufrydkaom trIaqmifrsm;/
4/
/ or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUonf twdkifyifcHrsm;tjzpf oufqdkif&mausmif;om;or*\ twef;wm0efcHrsm;udk
cefYtyfEdkifonf/ xdkuJhodkY cefYtyf&mwGif oufqdkif&mtwef;\ oabmwlnDcsufudk &,l&rnf/ oufqdkif&m twef;rS
aG;aumufwifajrmufaom (odkYr[kwf) emrnfwifoGif;aom twef;wm0efcHrsm;udk todtrSwfjyK&rnf/
- 9 -
aemufqufwGJ (24)
5/
/ or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUonf oufqdkif&m or*tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; or*\0g'? &nfG,fcsufESifh vkyfief;pOf
rsm;udk vdkufemaqmifGufatmif BudK;yrf;&efwm0efSdap&rnf/
6/
/ or*c\
JG trIaqmiftzGUJ onf A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ cdik t
f rIaqmiftzGUJ ESihf NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGUJ \ TeMf um;
csufrsm;t& vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk aqmifGuf&rnf/
7/
/ or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJU\tpnf;ta0; atmufygpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;jcif; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk jyKvkyf&rnf/
(u) or*cGJ\ pnf;Hk;rSKtiftm;
(c) or*cGJ\b@ma&; toHk;pm&if;rsm;
(*) or*cGJ\ aeYpOfvkyfief;rsm;
(C) NyD;pD;cJhonfh |metoD;oD;\ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;
(i) oufqdkif&me,ftwGif; vlxkta&;ESifhywfoufaom jyemrsm;/
8/
/ or*cGJ\tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJU twGif;a&;rSL;onf Ou|\vufrSwfjzifh NrdKUe,ftrI
aqmiftzGJUESifh NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUrSwqifh cdkiftrIaqmiftzGJUwdkYodkY wvwBudrfay;ydkY&rnf/
9/
/ or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUonf
(u) or*cGJ\ vkyfief;rsm;wGif wm0ef,lum acgif;aqmif&rnf/
(c) cdkiftrIaqmiftzGJU\or*vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmifGufjcif;? tultnDay;jcif;ESifh vHk;0
wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifjcif;rsm;udk Gufaqmif&rnf/
10/
/ or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJU\ tpnf;ta0;onf omreftm;jzifh &ufow (2) ywfvQif wBudrfusif;y&rnf/
tcef; (13)
or*\ b@ma&;
1/
/ or*ESifh oufqdkifaom tzGJUcsKyfSd &efyHkaiGtm;vHk;udk or*trnfESifh A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu aG;cs,faom
bPfwGif tyfESHxm;&rnf/
2/
/ or*cGJrsm;onf NrdKUe,for*\nDvmcHqHk;jzwfcsuft& qufaMu;ay;ydkY&rnf/
3/
/ or*cGJrsm;rS 0ifaiGtm;vHk;udk? oD;oefYjy|mef;jcif;rdSonfh tjcm;0ifaiGtm;vHk;udk omref&efyHkaiGxJodkY
xnfhoGif;&rnf/
4/
/ tvSLaiGrsm;? o'gaMu;rsm;? aiGw;kd rsm;ESihf ESppf Of toH;k p&dwrf S ydak omaiGrsm;teuf tenf;qH;k oH;k yHEk pS yf u
kH kd
oD;oefY&efyHkaiGtjzpf ajymif;vJxm;&rnf/
5/
/ tvSLaiGrsm;? o'gaMu;rsm;? aiGwdk;rsm;ESifh ESpfpOftoHk;p&dwfrS ydkaomaiGrsm; twwfEdkifqHk; oHk;yHkESpfyHkudk
oD;oefY &efyHkaiGtjzpf ajymif;vJxm;&rnf/
6/
/ or*\ H;k toH;k aqmifrsm;? y&dabm*rsm; 0,f,jl cif;ESihf jyifqifjcif;rsm;rSty oD;oefY&efyakH iGukd A[do
k r*
OD;pD;tzGJU (odkYr[kwf) EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH\ qHk;jzwfcsufr&vQif roHk;&/
7/
/ EdkifiHjcm;odkY ynmawmfoifapvTwfjcif;? pHkprf;MunfhIa&;tzGJUrsm; apvTwfjcif;? EkdifiHjcm;rS tzGJUtoD;oD;udk
vufcHjcif;? taxGaxGtcrf;tem;ESifh {nfhcHjcif;wdkYtwGuf &efyHkaiGjyKvkyfxm;&rnf/
8/
/ ta&;BuD;aomudpr sm; ay:aygufvmaomtcg ta&;ay:&efyakH iGtjzpf A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ upDr
H aumuf
cHEdkifonf/
9/
/ or*&efyHkaiG wdk;wufa&;twGuf aiGxdef;onf jyZmwfkyfSifyGJrsm;udk tvSLcHjcif;? uyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;ESifh
o'gaMu;rsm;udk or*cGJrsm;onf oufqdkif&mNrdKUrsm;wGif aumufcHEdkifonf/
10/
/ b@ma&;tceff; (13)? yk'fr (9) t& aumufcHaom &efyHkaiGrsm;udk A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUodkY rSefuefwduspGm
tpD&ifcH&rnf/
11/
/ or*tzGJUtpnf;wdkYonf tjcm;toif;tzGJUrsm;odkY &efyHkaiGudk vG,fvifhwulxkwf acs;iSm;jcif;rjyK&/
12/
/ or*&efyHkaiGrsm;xJrS aiGxkwf&ef csufvufrSwf (odkYr[kwf) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu pDrHay;&rnf/
13/
/ aiGxdef;onf oD;oefY&efyHkaiG wdk;wufapjcif;iSm tvSLaiGESifh o'gaMu;aiGrsm;pm&if;udk rdrdqEt& zGifh
xm;Edkifonf/
14/
/ or*\ 0ifaiG? xGufaiGpm&if;rsm;udk ppfaq;&ef A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu oifhavQmfol wOD;OD;udk pm&if;ppf
tjzpf cefYxm;&rnf/
- 10 -
aemufqufwGJ (24)
15/
/ ESpfpOf EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHrwdkifrD or*\ 0ifaiG? xGufaiGpm&if;rsm;udk pm&if;ppfu ppfaq;&rnf/
ppfaq;NyD;aomtcg pm&if;rsm;udk pm&if;ppf\ tpD&ifcpH mESiw
hf uG Edik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcH rwdik rf D tenf;qH;k &ufow
ESpyf wfu BudKwifNyD; A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ odYk aiGxed ;f u wifjy&rnf/ ESppf Of aiGpm&if;Si;f wrf;ESihf pm&if;ppftpD&ifcpH mudk
nDvmcHodkY wifjy&rnfh b@ma&;tpD&ifcHpm xnfhoGif;&rnf/
16/
/ or*tzGJUcsKyfxm;aom aiGpm&if;ESifh bPfpm&if;rsm;udk Ou|u ppfaq;&rnf/
tcef; (14)
or*ESifh tjcm;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;
1/
/ or*onf Edik if aH &;ygwD tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ vufatmufcrH [kw/f MoZmtmPmcHr[kw/f oD;jcm;vGwv
f yf
aom tzGJUtpnf;jzpf ausmif;om;vkyfief; ygwDya,m*rsm; vHk;0uif;Sif;ap&rnf/
2/
/ or*\ wm0efct
H rIaqmif &mxl;vufcx
H m;aom yk*Kd vfrsm;onf wm0efcrH sm;taejzifh ygwDya,m*rsm;rS
vHk;0 uif;Sif;ap&rnf/
3/
/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwckck\ wm0efcH&mxl; vufcHxm;aom yk*dKvfonf trsm;qEt& or*\ wm0efcH&mxl;
rsm;udk vufcH&aomf oufqdkif&m EdkifiHa&;ygwD\ rlv tvkyftrIaqmif&mxl;rS EkwfxGuf&rnf/
4/
/ or*rsm;onf tzGJUcsKyf\cGifhjyKcsufjzifh (0g) TefMum;csufr&bJ rnfonfhtzGJUpnf;ESifhrQ qufoG,fjcif;
rjyK&/ twdkuftcH qefYusifbuf rjyK&/
5/
/ or*rsm;onf vlxkvkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif tzGJUcsKyf\trdefYtwdkif; waoGrwdrf;emcH aqmifGuf&rnf/
tcef; (15)
or*trnftoHk;jyKa&;
or*tzGJUtpnf;\ rnfonfhwm0efcH yk*dKvfrS or*\ trnfudkaomfvnf;aumif;? or*wGifaqmifGuf
aeaom wm0efuakd omfvnf;aumif; rdru
d ,
kd af &;ud,
k w
f m twGujf zpfap? or*EiS hf roufqikd af omudp t&yf&yftwGuf
jzpfap vHk;0toHk;rjyK&ef/
tcef; (16)
ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;
1/
/ ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGif; trIaqmif (3) OD;xufrenf; qkdif&mor*tzGJUtpnf;\ Hk;pdkuf&m NrdKUrsm;
usef&pfvQif if;wdkYrSm ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm; jzpf&rnf/
2/
/ ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGif; trIaqmiftzGJU0if (3) OD;xufenf; qdkif&mor*tzGJUtpnf; Hk;pdkuf&mNrdKU
rsm; usef&pfcJhvQif vufSdtrIaqmiftzGJUu ausmif;ydwf&ufrwdkifrD or*0ifrsm;xJrS or*\ wm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk
xrf;Guf&rnf/ ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcH (3) OD;udk cefYxm;&rnf/
3/
/ qdkif&mtrIaqmiftzGJUonf ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;\trnfrsm;udk aG;cs,fNyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf
aMunm&rnf/
4/
/ ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;onf b@ma&;XmerSty trSKaqmiftzGJU\ aqmifGufqJvkyfief;ESifh wm0ef
rsm;udk vufcH&rnf/
5/
/ ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;onf(u) trSKaqmiftzGJUu vTJtyfcJhaom wm0ef0w&m;rsm;ESifh Hk;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmifGuf&efomjzpfonf/
(c) or*tzGJUtpnf;wckvHk;ESifh oufqdkifaom vkyfief;BuD;rsm;udk qHk;jzwfajzSif; aqmifGufcGifhrSd/
6/
/ pnf;rsOf;tcef; (16)? yk'rf (5)? yk'rf i,f (c) ESio
hf ufqikd af om ta&;rsm;ay:aygufvmcJah omf ausmif;ydwf
&ufwm0efcHrsm;onf trSKaqmiftzGJUudk jyefvnfac:,l wm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk tyfESif;&rnf/
7/
/ aiGxdef;onf ausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; oufqdkif&m or*tzGJUtpnf;Hk;pdkuf&mNrdKU rSdcJhaomf trSKaqmif
tzGJUrS oabmwlnDcsufudk ,l oifhavsmf,HkMunfpdwfcs&aom or*0ifwOD;OD;udk ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHtjzpf
cefYxm;NyD;vQif rdrdwm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk vTJtyfcJh&rnf/
8/
/ ausmif;jyefzGifh trSKaqmifa[mif;rsm; jyefvnfa&mufSdvmaomtcgwGif ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;u
or*wm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk jyefvnfvTJtyf&rnf/
- 11 -
aemufqufwGJ (24)
tcef; (17)
aG;aumufyGJrsm;
1/
/ aG;aumufyrJG sm;udk tzGUJ tpnf;\ tcsKyftjcmta&mufq;kH aom ESpyf wfvnfnv
D mcHrsm;wGif usif;y&rnf/
2/
/ (u) aG;aumufyGJrsm;udk trSKaqmiftzGJU\ Ou|a[mif;rsm;u OD;pD;&rnf/ tu,f Ou|a[mif;onf
jyefvnftaG;cHvdkaomf (odkYr[kwf) aG;aumufyGJwGif ysufuGufcJhaomf qkdif&mor*tzGJUtpnf;rS
wm0efvTJtyfaom yk*dKvfu aG;aumufyGJwm0efcH OD;pD;oltjzpf aqmifGuf&rnf/
(c) or*cGJ aG;aumufyGJrsm;wGif qErJay; aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif;ESifh emrnfwifoGif;jcif; ESpf&yf
teuf or*tzGJUtpnf;u vdkvm;aom enf;pepft& aG;aumufyGJudk usif;y&rnf/
3/
/ aG;aumufyrJG sm;wGif rJqEpm&if;rsm;udk pkaqmif;jcif;? rJpm&if;rsm;udk ppfaq;jcif;rSm aG;aumufyw
JG m0efcH
OD;pD;ol\ wm0efjzpfonf/
4/
/ aG;aumufyGJwm0efcHOD;pD;olonf rdrdtultnD&&eftwGuf trSKaqmif&mxl;vufrcHrnfh or*0if (4)
OD;udk orm"dvlBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfxm;Edkifonf/
5/
/ aG;aumufyGJwGif vGwfvyfpGmESifh vQKdU0Suf wkdufdkufrJay;aom pepfudk toHk;jyK&rnf/
6/
/ or*odkY ay;qyf&efSdaom aMu;aiGt&yf&yfudk ajyvnfatmif ray;oGif;Edkifolrsm;onf aG;aumufyGJwGif
taG;cHEdkifcGifh? tqdkoGif;EdkifcGifh? axmufcHEdkifcGifhrsm; rSdap&/
7/
/ AuowGif taG;cHEdkifcGifh/
if;yk*dK vfonf ausmif;xGufcJhNyD; (2) ESpftwGif; ausmif;om;or*wGif taG;cHvdku atmufygt&nftcsif;
rsm;ESifh jynfhpHk&rnf/
(u) emrnfysuf rSdcJhbl;jcif;?
(c) AuowGif wm0efcHtrIaqmiftjzpf tenf;qHk; wESpf xrf;aqmifcJhzl;jcif;ESifh jynfhpHkcJhaomf yk*dKvf
tm; (Auo) wGif trsm;qEt& aG;aumufwifajrmufEdkifonf/
8/
/ taG;cHvdkolwOD;onf tenf;qHk; qdkif&mor*tzGJUtpnf;0if (2) OD;\axmufcHcsufESifh aG;aumufyGJ
wm0efcH OD;pD;olxHodkY taG;cHEdkifcGifh avQmufvTmwifoGif;&rnf/
9/
/ taG;cHEdkifcGifh avQmufvTmtpHkwckonf pnf;rsOf;t& jznfhpGuf&efvdktyfaom ta&;BuD;tcsufrsm;wGif
jznfhpGufjcif; ysufuGufcJhaomf if;avQmufvTmudk y,fcs&rnf/
10/
/ aG;aumufyGJusif;yaeonfh tcsdeftwGif; rnfonfhor*0ifrS taG;cHolvlwOD;\ aumif;usKd;qdk;jypfudk
qdkif&mor*tzGJUtpnf;odkY xkwfazmfajymqkd ydkifcGifhrSd/
11/
/ or*0ifwOD;vQif wm0efcH&mxl; wae&mtwGuf rJqEwckxuf ydkray;Edkif/
12/
/ wm0efc&H mxl; ae&mta&twGux
f ufy
kd taG;cHorl sm;cJv
h Qif rJta&twGuv
f u
kd f wm0efc&H mxl; aG;cs,f
&rnf/ qErJSifwOD;onf taG;cHrnfholwOD;twGuf wrJom ay;ydkifcGifhSdonf/
13/
/ qErJpm&if;udk aG;aumufyGJaeY (odkYr[kwf) aemufwaeYwGif wm0efcHOD;pD;olonf orm"dvlBuD;rsm;aSU
arSmuf ppfaq; aG;aumufwifajrmufcH&olrsm;\trnfpm&if;udk tjrefqHk;aMunm&rnf/
wm0efc&H mxl;tvdu
k f aemufq;kH taG;cs,fc&H rnfh trSwpf OfwiG f rJqErJ wlnaD eygu wm0efcOH ;D pD;olonf
tEdkiftIH; qHk;jzwfonfhqErJudk ay;ydkifcGifhSd&rnf/
14/
/ aG;aumufyGJtwGuf oD;oefYxm;onfh qErJyHkpHpmGufrsm;udk aG;aumufyGJwm0efcHOD;pD;olu xkwfa0
&rnf/
15/
/ rnfonfhqErJSifrS udk,fpm;vnfvTwfvnf;aumif;? pmjzifh taMumif;Mum;vnf;aumif; qErJay;ydkif
cGifhrSd/
16/
/ qErJta&twGufESifh ywfouf rauseyfcJhvQif aG;aumufyGJ aMunmNyD;csdefrS (72) em&DtwGif; qErJSif
(19) OD;\ qEjzihf rJpm&if;ta&twGufudk MunfhIEdkifonf/
17/
/ qErJSif av;yHkwyHku aG;aumufyGJusif;yNyD;onfh (7) &uftwGif; aG;aumufyGJESifh ywfouf rauseyf
aMumif; Ou|xH taMumif;Mum;vQif Ou|onf txl;tpnf;ta0;wckac: aG;aumufyGJ\ taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
aocsm*epGm pHkprf;&ef qErJSif (9) OD;yg0ifaom pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDudk aG;cs,f&rnf/
18/
/ xkdpHkprf;a&;aumfrwD\ oHk;yHkESpfyHku taG;cH&olwOD;onf rdrdtaG;cH&rItwGuf aiGaMu;tukeftuscH
aoG;aqmifcJhonf[k oabmwlnDcJhvQif if;taG;cH&rIudk w&m;r0if[k aMunm xkdtaG;cH&oludk or*wm0efcH
- 12 -
aemufqufwGJ (24)
&mxl;rsm;twGuf taG;cHEdkifcGifhrsm;rS wESpfwdwd &yfpJxm;&rnf/
tcef; (18)
enf;Oya'ESifU bdkifavmrsm;
1/
/ or*tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk rlwnf enf;Oya'ESifh bdkifavmrsm;udk or*tzGJUtoD;oD;wdkYu
usepGm aqmifGufEdkif&efESifh usifhxkH;wkdY twllwljzpfap&eftwGuf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu jy|mef;Ekdifonf/
2/
/ enf;Oya'udk jy|mef;&m vnf;aumif;? jyifqifjznfhpGuf&m vnf;aumif;? xkwfy,f&m vnf;aumif;
EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m nDvmcHuom jyKvkyfEdkifonf/
3/
/ enf;Oya'udk ,m,Djy|mef;jcif;? ,m,DjznfhpGufxkwfy,fjcif;rsm;udk A[kdOD;pD;tzGJUu jyKvkyfydkifcGifhtmPm
rsm;Sdonf/
AuoXmecsKyf
tkyfcsKyfa&;pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk 1308 ck? 1946 ck? Zlvdkifv (3) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom ArmEdkifiHvkH;
qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or* nDvmcHwGif zwfMum;twnfjyKonf/
(yk)H
xGef;Gefh
AuoXmecsKyf
1308-1946 ck? Zlvdkifv (3) &ufaeYnDvmcHwGif a&;qGJtwnfjyKcJhaom tkyfcsKyfa&; pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk
1948 ck? Zlvikd v
f (9) &ufaeY (6) Budraf jrmuf ArmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f mausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcHwiG f xyfrjH yifqif Ekwyf ,fjznfh
pGuf zwfMum;twnfjyKonf/
(yk)H
atmifoed ;f
pnf;kH;a&;rSL;
- 13 -
(26)
aemufqufwGJ (24)
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF STUDENTS
DEPT . LB/ JP / BS
PRAHA 23. XII. 1958
Inter - University Consultative

Conference,
Rangoon University Students Union,
Union Building,
University of Rangoon,
Rangoon,
Burma.
Dear Friends,
On the occasion of the Inter-University Consultative Conference we send you our
greetings and hope that your conference will further consultative the unity of the Burmese
students and intensify their efforts to improve education, to restore peace and safeguard the
independence of your country, as well as strength their cooperation with the IUS and Students
of other countries.
All member organizations of the IUS look with sympathy and admiration towards
the Burmese students movements they highly appreciate your spirit of patriotism and
determination to build and develop, together with your people your beautiful country. Your
colleagues, particularly these in the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa, greatly
count on your support and your contribution to their fight against colonialism and imperialism.
The IUS is aware of the active participation of the Burmese students in the fight for
peace and for a ban of nuclear weapons. Undoubtedly it is a considerable contribution to
the world peace movement and to the common cause of humanity.
The Vth congress of the IUS in Peking has expressly supported efforts of Burmese
students to protect their democratic rights. Once again, we reiterate our full support for your
struggle to improve education, to remove fully legacies of colonialism and to defend your
national sovereignty and world peace.
Long Live the unity of students of the world 1.
Long Live the fraternal cooperation between the IUS and Burmese students.
Sd/ Jiri Pelikan
President of the IUS
- 14 -
aemufqufwGJ (28)
(24)
tqift
U rsK;d rsK;d Sad om AuotzGrYJ sm;\ Ou|pm&if; (1945-1958)
AuoXmecsKyf Ou|rsm;
udkoef;
(1945 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvrS 1946 ckESpf Zlvdkifv)
udkoef;xGef;
(1946 ckESpf ZlvdkifvrS 1947 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv)
udkoef;armif
(1947 ckESpf Zefe0g&DrS 1947 ckESpf 'DZifbmv)
udkxGef;GefY
(1947 ckESpf 'DZifbmrS 1948 ckESpf rwfv)
udkoef;MuG,f
(1948 ckESpf rwfvrS 1948 ckESpf Zlvdkifv)
udkoef;
(1948 ckESpf ZlvdkifvrS 1949 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv)
Auo (awmwGif;) Ou|

udkwifaT
(1949 - 1950)
Auo (tzGJYcsKyf) Ou|
udkatmifoef;
(1949 - 1950)
Auo (oefhSif;) Ou|rsm;
udkpdefbef;
(1951 - 1952)
udk0if;az
(1952 - 1953)
Auo (udkudkBuD;-udkudkav;tzGYJ ) Ou|
udkukdBuD;
(1952 - 1953)
Auo (tDtufpftdk) Ou|rsm;
udkMunfGefY
(1954 - 1955)
udkcifarmifEG,f
(1955 - 1956)
Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf
udkvS0if;
udkodef;atmif
udkcifausmf
udkcifarmiftkef;
udkaZmf0if;
Ou|rsm;
(1951 - 1952)
(1952 - 1953)
(1953 - 1954)
(1954 - 1956)
(1956 - 1960)
Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyfopf Ou|rsm;
udkbdk;omab;
(1958 ckESpf pufwifbmvrS 1959 ckESpf {NyDv)
rSwfcsuf- 1962 ck? rwfv (3) &ufaeYtxd Auorsm;tzJGUcsKyf\ Ou|rSm udkcifarmiftkef; jzpfNyD;? udkcifarmiftkef;udk
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD tmPmodrf;rI aMunmcsufaMumifh Ou|ae&mrS z,fSm;um 'k-Ou| udkoufrSm Ou| jzpfvmonf/
,ckrSwfwrf;udkrl rlvrSwfwrf;ygtwdkif; jyefvnfazmfjyonf/
- 15 -
aemufqufwGJ (30)
zGpYJ nf;tkycf sKyyf pHk nf;rsO;f Oya'

A-u-orsm; tzGcYJ sKyf - zGpYJ nf;tkycf sKyyf pHk nf;rsO;f Oya'tpD&ifcpH m
zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'qdkonfrSm tzGJUtpnf;wckwGif toJESvkH;ozG,f rSdvQifrjzpfaom t&nf
tcsif;w&yfyif jzpfayonf/ ywf0ef;usifwGif jzpfay:wnfSdaeaom t&yf&yftajctaersm; tay:wGif ta&mif[yf
wnfSdaeoifhaom t&mjzpfNyD; tajctaersm;\ ajymif;vJjyKjyifoGm;&onfESifhtnD zGJUpnf;ykHonfvnf; ajymif;vJ
oGm;&ayonf/ zJGUpnf;ykHwGif tpnf;tkH;\wm0ef&yfrsm;udk azmfjyonfh &nfG,fcsuf? oabmxm;? vkyfief;pOf? zGJU
pnf;ykH toGifvuPm ponfh t*Fg&yfrsm; yg0if&ayrnf/ qdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;\ &yfwnfrIae&mtrSefudk &SdapNyD;
vIyfSm;rIvkyfief;? OD;wnfcsuf? Tefjycsuf/ xdef;odrf;ay;csufrsm;udk &,lapayonf/
ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;wck\ zGJUpnf;ykHpnf;rsOf;Oya'udk avhvmaomf ynma&;tajctaersm;? ausmif;
om;ESifh ausmif;taetxm;rsm;udkrSD ynma&;ESifh EdkifiHawmf rnfodkYqufoG,faeonf? rnfodkYaom jyemrsm;
jzpfay:aeonf? rnfonfo
h abmxm;ESihf vkyif ef;wdYkukd vkyaf qmiftyfonf? vIyf mS ;rI OD;aqmiftzGUJ tpnf; rnfoYkdwnf
aqmufoifhonf? zGJUpnf;oifhonf? pnf;kH;a&; oabmxm;ykHpH ponfjzifh t"duvdktyfaom taMumif;w&m;rsm;udk
vdkufem&rnfjzpfayonf/
jrefrmEdkifiH\ynma&;&mZ0ifESifh ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rI wckvkH;tay:wGif a,bk,stajccH aqG;aEG;Mu&ef
jzpfayonf/ 1885 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiHwckvkH;udk t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUtpdk;&wdkYu odrf;ydkufNyD;aemuf t*Fvdyf tkyfcsKyfrIvuf
atmufwGif uRefEdkifiHtjzpf xm;Sdusa&mufapcJhonf/
jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;wckvkH;onf t*FvdyfwdkYtwGuf tokH;csjcif;? e,fcsJUpepftwGuf tusKd;oufa&mufjcif;wkdY
jzpfapNyD; jynfow
l &yfv;Hk rSm aexdik rf t
I qift
h wef;? ,Ofaus;rItqift
h wef; wjznf;jznf; edru
hf svm&um qif;&Jom;
jynfob
l 0odYk qdu
k af &mufapcJo
h nf/ udv
k ekd pD ;D yGm;a&;? uRepf ;D yGm;a&;onf rnfonfh e,fcsUJ pepftwGuf rqdk toufn
S f
a&;om jzpfonf/
t*Fvdyf? jyifopfponfh t&if;SifEdkifiHBuD;rsm;\ t&if;Sifpepf wdk;wufvmrIaMumifh ukefypnf; ydkvQHrI?
ukefMurf;rsm; &,lvdkrI? ukefypnf;rsm; a&mif;cs&ef aps;uGufvkdvm;rI jyemrsm;udk ajzSif;&ef aps;uGufrsm; Sm&if;
udkvdkeDe,fy,frsm;udk SmazGvk,ufonfrS e,fcsJUpepfonf jzpfay:vmcJh&ayonf/
oifMum;ae&aom ynma&;onf rvGwfvyfaom tcsKyftcs,ftaESmiftzGJUcHxm;&aom uRefpD;yGm;a&;ESifh
wygwnf; uRefaumif;rsm; xkwv
f yk af &;omjzpfco
hJ nf/ edik if jH cm;om; e,fcsJUorm;tpd;k & tkypf ;kd rIpuf,E&m; vnfywf
Edkifa&;udkom &nfG,fcJhayonf/ EdkifiHtusKd;udk pGrf;aqmifEdkif&ef? trsKd;om;pGrf;tm;udk BuD;rm;vmap&ef? trsKd;om;
,Ofaus;rItiftm;pkBuD;jzpfvmap&ef &nfG,f&rnfjzpfaom ynma&;pcef;wGif &yfwnfcGifhr&bJ e,fcsJUtpdk;&wdkY
ay;orQudkom &,lae&aom ynma&;om jzpfcJhayonf/
vGwfvyfaomEkdifiHjzpfvma&;? vGwfvyfaomocifynma&; (0g) trsKd;om;ynma&;udk qufpyf e,fcsJU
acwf tajctaersm;u awmif;qdkcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ trsKd;om;ynma&; wnfaqmufa&; a<u;aMumfoHESifh ArmhvGwfvyf
a&;wkdufyGJ a<u;aMumfoHonf wxyfwnf; jzpfvmcJh&ayonf/
jynfolwdkYESifh ausmif;om;vufwGJ wm0efudk xrf;aqmif&rnfjzpfay&m ynma&;csKyfcs,frIrsm;tm;
ausmif;om;rsm;u pwif qefYusifwdkufcdkufvsuf ArmwjynfvkH; t*Fvdyfvufatmuf usa&mufNyD;aemuf (35)
ESpftMum 1920 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (24) &ufaeYwGif ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykHBuD; ay:aygufcJhonf/ ,if;ta&;awmf
ykHBuD;\ aemufum; trsKd;om;wuodkvfESifh trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; ay:aygufvmcJhonf/ "The Voice of Young
Burma" acgif;pOfjzifh oydwfpcef;rS xkwfjyefcJhaom aMunmcsuft& ]trdjrefrmjynfudk cspf&ef? vlrsKd;\ydkrdkt&m
a&mufaom ta&;udprsm;wGif udk,fusKd;udk jzKwfypfEdkif&efESifU aoaomfvnf; rdrdtrsKd;udkcspfaompdwfESifU aoEdkif&ef
wdkhonf A[ef;Sd trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;\ [kef;[kef;awmuf &nfG,fcsufrsm;jzpfonf} ponfjzifh trsKd;om;ynma&;udk
vrf;Tefonfh oabmxm; t,ltqrsm;udk avhvm&Sdayrnf/
- 16 -
aemufqufwGJ (30)
trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf udkvdkeDqefYusifa&;rsKd;aphudk tcdkiftrmcsEdkifaom umvjzpfcJhonf/ (20)
&mpkESpftapmydkif; Ak'uvsmP,k0toif;onf OD;pGmyxr trsKd;om;pdwf"gwfudk azmfxkwftm;jznfhaomtaeESifh
ay:aygufvmcJhonf/
yxrurmppf 1914-18 ckESpf Oa&mywGif vGwfajrmufa&;ppfyGJrsm;onf jrefrmjynf\ EdkifiHjcm;pdk;rdk;rI
qefYusifa&;tm; BuD;rm;pGm*,ufkdufapcJhonfhtjyif Ak'uvsm,k0toif;ae&mwGif wqifhjrifh ArmtrsKd;om;A[dk
aumifpDjzpfay:vmNyD; 1921 ckESpfwGif nDvmcHrsm;ac:qdkum jyKjyifa&;udk awmif;qdkjcif;ESifh ArmhvGwfvyfa&; jyem
rsm;udk udik w
f ,
G cf MhJ uonf/ odYk jzpf&jcif;rsm;onf udv
k ekd zD Ed ydS rf t
I m; rcHr&yfEikd v
f eG ;f aom jynforl sm;? ausmif;om;rsm;
oydwftygt0if vIyfSm;rIBuD;aMumifh jzpfayonf/ 1920-22 ckESpf trsKd;om;vIyfSm;rIrsm;ESifh wygwnf; (*sDpDbDat)
0HomEktoif;\ OD;aqmifrIjzifh t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;tm; jyKjyifajymif;vJvmapcJhonf/
jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&; &mZ0ifrSwfwdkifBuD;jzpfonfh trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYudk zdESdyfrItcuftcJrsm; tMum;rS
rSwfwrf;wifEkdifcJhonf/ trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; wnfaxmifzGifhvSpfEdkifcJhonf/ ausmif;om;pnf;kH;a&;ESifh ausmif;om;
or*rsm; vdktyfvmaMumif; tajctaeu TefjycJhonf? ausmif;om;rsm;wGif wm0efrJh tacsmifa&omcdkvdkpdwfrsm;
r0ifoifhaMumif;? e,fcsJUorm;rsm;\ vSnfhpm;jzm;a,mif;rIrsm;tm; em;ra,mifoifhaMumif;? trsKd;om;tiftm;pkrsm;
nDGwfoifhaMumif; oifcef;pmaumif;rsm; ay;tyfcJhayonf/
1930-32 ckESpf q&mpHv,form; olykefxonfh vIyfSm;rIrsm;onf ArmhvlUtzGJYtpnf;tm; e,fcsJUqefYusif
a&;twGuf jywfom;Sif;vif;aom vrf;udk cif;usif;ay;cJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifh rSefaom e,fcsJUudkvdkeD
pepfqefYusifa&; oabmxm;udk csrSwfEdkifcJhNyD;aemuf 1931 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (9) &ufaeYwGif &efukefwuodkvf
ausmif;om;rsm;or*ukd wdu
k yf rJG sm;Mum;rS wnfaqmufco
hJ nf/ jrefrmjynfwiG f yxrOD;qk;H aom ausmif;om;or*jzpf
t*FvefEdkifiH? atmufpzdkY'fwuodkvf zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'wGif ygonfh ]ausmif;om;rsm;\ vlraI &;b0wGif
yl;aygif;aqmifGufa&;? vGwfvyfa&; jrwfEdk;onfUpdwf"gwf ay:aygufa&;? ausmif;om;rsm;\ wm0ef0w&m;rsm; odSda&;}
ponfh &nfG,fcsufrsm;udk vkyfaqmifcJhavonf/
wuoonf rsufESmjzLausmif;tkyfESifh tpdk;&\vSnfhpm;rIjzifh toGifysufcJh&m or*acgif;aqmifrsm;onf
tvkyaf umif;&a&; wud,
k af umif;pdwf arG;jrLa&; ponfh ocifynma&;vIyf mS ;rIrsm; ysufapEdik o
f nfh csKdU,Gi;f csufrsm;
udk jyKusifhcJhzl;Muonfudk 0rf;enf;pGmawGUSd&onf/ odkYaomf rD;wkwfausmif;om;rsm;\ BudK;yrf;csuft& ausmif;
om;ta&;? trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;wdkYudk vkyfaqmif&rnf[laom todw&m;jzifh or*udk jyef acgif;aqmifEdkifcJhonf/
vrf;c&D;udk jzwfoef;vIyfSm;&if; ocifygwD? wdkYArmtpnf;tkH;ESifh yl;wGJqufpyfvmcJhonf/ 193637 ckESpfwGif jrefrmwjynfvkH;rS ausmif;om;rsm;udk pkpnf;Edkifa&;twGuf jyifqifrIrsm;jyKvkyfum 1936 ckESpf *sLAvD
a[m nDvmcHwiG f jrefrmEdik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;or*ukd wnfaxmifEikd cf o
hJ nf/ odYk aomf pepfusaom us,fjyefY
aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; wnfNidrfrSefuefpGm pkpnf;Ekdif&ef zGJUpnf;ykHrSd[k ,lqEdkifayonf/
1938 ckESpf (1300 jynfh ta&;awmfykH) onf e,fcsJUpepftm; 'kwd,tBudrf jyif;xefpGm xdk;ESufaom
wdkufyGJodkY t&nftcsif;t& ul;ajymif;vmcJhonf/ a&eHajrtvkyform;rsm;? om,m0wDv,form;rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;
wdkY\ pnf;vkH;nDGwfrIonf wdkufyGJtiftm;jzpfvmum ArmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf tqkH;tjzwfay;rnfh tcef;rS
yg0ifcJhayonf/ e,fcsJUESifh azmufjyefa&; kyfao;tpdk;&wdkY\ vufcsufjzifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif Adkvfatmifausmf
usqkH;cJh&onf/
Auo? wuoESifh &efukefckdifausmif;om;rsm;\ nDGwfaomvIyfSm;rIudk ausmif;om;rsm;ut&,l EdkifcJh
onf/ udkvdkeDpepfrS vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJ0,f e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;wyfaygif;pk tjrLawt&if;tjrpfudk OD;pGm&,lcJh
aom 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfykHonf jrefrmhvlrIawmfvSefa&;wGif BuD;rm;vSaom tcef;rS yg0ifcJhayonf/
1941 ckEpS rf S pwifjzpfay:cJah om 'kw,
d urmppftwGi;f zufqpfqefYusiaf &;wdu
k yf w
JG iG f Armhwyfom;aumif;
rsm;tjzpf wyfOD;rS ausmif;om;vli,frsm; yg0ifEdkifcJhjcif;rSm or*rsm;\ pnf;kH;a&;tiftm;aMumifh jzpfonf/ zqyv
tzGJYcsKyfudk us,fjyefYaom zufqpfqefYusifa&;trsKd;om;wyfaygif;pk taejzifh zGJUpnf;EdkifcJh&mwGif ausmif;om;acgif;
aqmifa[mif;rsm;\ yg0ifaqmifGufrIonf xda&mufvSayonf/
zufqpf*syef vufxufwGifyif ausmif;om;or*rsm;\tSdeft0gudk r&rae xdef;odrf; ay;EdkifcJhonf/
1945 ckESpf 'kwd,urmppftNyD; jrefrmjynfodkY t*FvdyfudkvdkeDtpdk;&onf tdEd,jynf? qif;rvm;NrdKUrS jyefvnfajymif;
aTUvmNyD; qif;rvm;ynma&;pDru
H ed ;f toGiw
f rsKd;aom udv
k ekd u
D Refynma&;udk ,laqmifow
G o
f iG ;f cJjh yefonf/ ausmif;
om;ESihf jynfow
l YkdwiG f Armhvw
G v
f yfa&;wdu
k yf EJG iS hf ocifynma&; 'Dru
kd a&pDynma&; vrf;Terf w
I m0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif
- 17 -
aemufqufwGJ (30)
&efjzpfvmcJh Auo? wuo? &uoponfh ausmif;om;or*rsm;udk jyefvnf wnfaxmif zGJUpnf;jyefonf/
t"duwm0efBuD;tjzpf vGwv
f yfa&;awmif;qdck sufukd tjyif;txefaqmifu
G cf MhJ uonf/ 1946 ckEpS f taxG
axGoydwBf uD;ESihf e,fcsJUorm;t*Fvyd t
f pd;k &tm; tusyfuikd w
f u
kd cf u
kd af om vIyf mS ;rIwiG f wjynfv;Hk rS ausmif;om;rsm;
wuf<upGm yg0ifcJhayonf/ 1947 ckESpf jynfvkH;uRwf ausmif;om;oydwfwdkYudk Auo\ acgif;aqmifrIjzifh qifETJum
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkY t*Fvef ta&;qdkaeonfh vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJudk tav;wif; ay;cJhEdkifonf/
1948 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (4) &ufaeYwGif jrefrmEdkifiH vGwfvyfa&;&SdaMumif; aMunmEdkif&ef t*Fveftpdk;&
udk tusyfudkif wdkufckdufEdkifcJhavonf/ trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&; &SdNyD;aemuf vGwfvyfa&;xdef;odrf;a&; wm0efrsm;
ESiw
hf ygwnf; trsKd;om;wnfaqmufa&;? trsKd;om;ynma&;vkyif ef;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;or*rsm;taejzifh qufvuf
xrf;aqmifcJhayonf/ 1948 ckESpf rwfvwGif pwif jynfwGif;ppfBuD; jzpfvm&um Armhynma&;twGuf &ifav;zG,f
tjzpfESifh &ifqdkifcJh&onf/ vkyfief;rsm;ESifhtwl AuoXmecsKyfESifh ausmif;om;or*tcsKdUonf vufeufudkifpGJonf
txd ajymif;vJoGm;cJh&onf/
or*rsm;\ ausmif;om;wm0efESifh trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&; wm0efrsm;waygif;wnf; vkyfaqmifjcif;udk rvdkvm;
aomvlwpk\ BudK;yrf;csuft& oefYiS ;f trnfcH AuopifNydKifwck ay:aygufco
hJ nf/ ausmif;om;tcGit
hf a&; umuG,f
a&;? ausmif;om;nDw
G af &; oabmxm;Sad om Auo\ rSeu
f efaom acgif;aqmifraI Mumifh oefYiS ;f ausmif;om;rsm;
\ pifjydKif Auoonf 1950- 51 ckESpfwGif nDvmcH rac:EdkifawmhbJ ausmif;om;xkESifh tqufjywfum aysmufuG,f
oGm;cJh&ayonf/
wuov
kd f ausmif;om;avmuwGif wG,u
f yfaeao;onfh oefYiS ;f trnfcH ausmif;om;tEG,w
f Ykd onfvnf;
rlrrSefaom acgif;aqmifrIaMumifh 1952 ckESpfwGif wuotcGifhtmPmrS ausmif;om;xk\ 0dkif;y,frIudk cH,lcJh&onf/
useffSdaeao;onfh oefYSif;ausmif;om; tiftm;pkonfvnf; jyif;xefaom ausmif;om;wdkufyGJtwGif; aysmufuG,f
cJh&ayonf/
1950-51 ckESpfwGif wjynfvkH;Sd ausmif;om;rsm;tm; jyefvnfpkpnf;&ef tajctaersm;t& ausmif;om;
pnf;kH;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk jyifqifvkyfudkifcJh&if; 1951 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 15 &ufaeYwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf (ABFSU)
udk wnfaxmifzGJUpnf; jzpfay:aeaom trsKd;om;tajctaersm;t&(1) e,fcsJYya'o&mZfqefhusifa&;
(2) 'Drdkua&pDynma&;
(3) urmhNidrf;csrf;a&;
paom&nfG,fcsufrsm; csrSwfEdkifcJhonf/
zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfypHk nf;rsOf;Oya'ESiw
hf uG vkyu
f ikd cf ahJ omfvnf; wjynfv;Hk udk vTr;f jcHKaom taetxm;rScd ahJ y/
vlrsK;d pkausmif;om;or*rsm;tygt0if Edik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;udk ud,
k pf m;jyKEdik o
f nfh twdik ;f twmtxd rus,f
jyefYaom zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHOya'ESifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfudk acgif;aqmifcJh&ayonf/ wuodkvfaumvdyfor*rsm;ESifh
nDGwfpGm vufwGJrIrsm;udk &,lEdkifaomfvnf; tzGJUcsKyfonf ae&mtrSefwGif r&yfwnfEdkifcJhay/ txl;ojzifh wef;jrifh
ausmif;om;rsm;udk tajccH zGJUpnf;xm;aom or*ozG,f vkyfaqmifoGm;cJhavonf/
1949 ckEpS rf S ,aeYwikd f wuov
kd Ef iS hf aumvdyaf usmif;om;or*rsm;wGif Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf 0g'vkyif ef;pOf
rsm;ESihf nDw
G af om acgif;aqmifr&I ,lEikd &f ef pGr;f aqmifEikd cf ahJ yonf/ 1953 ckEpS f wuov
kd af tmufwb
kd m ausmif;wv
ydwaf &;vIyf mS ;rIwiG f zqyvtpd;k & ynma&;avmutay: rSm;,Gi;f cJah om oabmxm;tjyKtrltm; wkYH jyefEikd cf o
hJ nf/
ausmif;om;nDGwfa&; NydKuGJaponfh qdkS,fvpf 'Dtufpftdk trnfcH ausmif;om;wpk\zefwD;rIudk &ifqdkifcJh&onfrSm
wuodkvf twdkif;twmwGifomru wjynfvkH;taeESifh pnf;kH;a&;qif;um Auo pifNydKifaxmifonf txdjzpfcJhay
onf/
odkYaomf rrSefrkd;om;aom 'DtufpftdkwdkYonf rnfrQyif aiGtmPmtcGifhta&;wdkYudk tokH;jyKaomfvnf;
ausmif;om;xkonf if;wdYk tm; rSeu
f efpmG jrifvmNyD; tqufjzwfjcif;cHc&hJ onf/ 'Dtufpt
f w
kd jzpfvJ ausmif;om;&Jacgif
tzGJUonf ausmif;om;avmuwGif tajcjyKjyefaomfvnf; ratmifjrifcJhay/ 1956 ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;or*rsm;
zsufodrf;a&;trdefYtm; qefYusifcJh or*wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;? ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; wm0efrsm;udk zdESdyfrIESifhtusyf
twnf;rsm;Mum;rS vkyfaqmifcJhonf/
1955 ckESpf yxrOD;pD;nDvmcHtm; rEav;jrdKUwGif usif;ycJh vIyfSm;rIudk okH;oyfum aSUvkyfief;pOfrsm;
csrw
S Ef ikd cf ahJ yonf/ 1958 ckEpS f Mo*kwv
f wGif oefYiS ;f zqyv tkycf sKyfa&;acwf ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,f
- 18 -
aemufqufwGJ (30)
yGJ tNyD; Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf 'kw,
d wd;k csJU OD;pD;nDvmcHac:qdu
k m tzGUJ csKyf\ pnf;k;H a&;oabmxm;ykpH rH sm;ESihf pyfvsOf;
tzGJUBuD;rm;us,fjyefYEdkifa&;udk OD;wnfaom zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpnf;rsOf;Oya'udk ,m,Dtm;jzifh twnfjyKcJhayonf/
,if;tzGUJ tpnf;\ t"du&nf,
G cf sufrsm;rSm ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;? ausmif;om;tcGit
hf a&; umuG,f
xdef;odrf;a&;? vGwfvyfa&; wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;wdkYudk tajccHxm; wjynfvkH;vTrf;jcHK udk,fpm;jyKaomtzGJU
csKyfBuD; jzpfvmapa&;udk toGifaqmifapcJhonf/
vuf,
dS m,D twnfjyKxm;aom zGUJ pnf;yk\
H &nf,
G cf surf sm;ESihf ykpH rH sm;onf vufjdS zpf&yfrsm;ESihf pyf[yfae
trsKd;om;ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf; National Students Organisation (or) National Union of Students
wckjzpfvma&;odkY OD;wnfcJhayonf/ 1947 ckESpfrS p urmhausmif;om;rsm;or* I.U.S (International Union
of Students) ESifh w&m;0ifqufoG,fvmcJh&m Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ EdkifiHwumausmif;om;vIyfSm;rIrsm; tusKd;jyK
aprnfh &nfG,fcsufESifh ykHpHrsm;udkvnf; pnf;rsOf;Oya'wGif Tefjyxm;ayonf/
,aeY ausmif;om;xkw&yfvkH;udk vTrf;jcHKonfh udk,fpm;jyKonfh pnf;kH;a&;ykHpHtwGuf wef;jrifhausmif;rsm;?
ckdifjrdKUe,for*rsm;? toufarG;0rf;aMumif; ynmoifausmif;rsm;? pufrIvuffrIausmif;rsm;? aumvdyfausmif;rsm;?
wuodkvfausmif;rsm;ESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;udkyg tajccHxm;aom zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'jzpfonf/
tem*wfArmjynf\ ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf wckwnf;aom tus,fjyefYqkH;aom trsKd;om;ausmif;om;
tzGJUtpnf;BuD; w&yfjzpfay:a&;? wnfaqmufEdkifa&;udk &nfrSef; nDvmcHBuD;wGif tajccsay;jcif; jzpfayonf/
Armhausmif;om;vIyfSm;rIwGif xl;jcm;vmaom oabmudk aqmif,laeonfh zGJUpnf;ykHtm; &JabmfwdkY tawGUtMuHK
aumif;rsm;udk &if;ES;D pGmzvS,Mf u aqG;aEG;a0zef jyifqifjznfph u
G f Muapvdo
k nf/ nDvmcHBuD;rS wcJeuf twnfjyK
Mu&ef jzpfayonf/
trIaqmiftzGYJ
ausmif;om;or*taqmuftOD
&efukefwuodkvf
&efukefNrdKY
aehYpGJ- 1960 ck? atmufwdkbmv (19) &uf
- 19 -
aemufqufwGJ (30)
\
zGpYJ nf;tkycf sKyyf pHk nf;rsO;f Oya'

tcef; (1)
trnf
1/
/ tzGJUudk ]ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJYcsKyf} [k ac:wGifap&rnf/ twdkaumuftm;jzifh
]Auorsm; tzGJYcsKyf} [k ac:a0:vdrfhrnf/
2/
tcef; (2)
&nfG,fcsufrsm;
/ Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ &nfG,fcsufrsm;rSm atmufygwdkYjzpfonf/
(u) 'Drdkua&pDynma&; wnfaqmufa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;&ef?
(c) ausmif;om;rsm;tm; um,? P? pm&dw? rdwAvrsm;ESifh jynfhpkHapNyD; jynfcspfpdwf"gwfudk arG;jrL
zGHUNzdK;apum wdkif;jynfESifhvlYabmif\ wm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk ausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifEdkifapa&; twGuf
aqmifGuf&ef?
(*) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk umuG,f&ef?
(C) trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rIudk xdef;odrf;apmifhaSmufzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufap&ef?
(i) vGwfvyfa&; wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;twGuf aqmifGuf&ef?
(p) urmhNidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;umuG,fa&;wGif yg0ifaqmifGuf&ef?
(q) e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ESifh zufqpfqefYusifa&;wGif tm;ay;aqmifGuf&ef?
(Z) ArmEdkifiHausmif;om;nDGwfa&;udk wnfaqmuf&ef? urmw0Srf;Sdausmif;om;rsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJY
tpnf;rsm;ESifh &if;ESD;pGm qufoG,fyl;aygif; aqmifGuf&ef/
tcef; (3)
vkyfief;pOfrsm;
3/
/ txufyg &nfG,fcsufrsm; atmifjrifa&;twGuf Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfonf atmufyg vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk
vkyfudkifaqmifGufrnf/
(u) 'Drdkua&pDynma&;udk wnfaqmufEdkif&eftwGuf ynma&;udk ydkrdktqifhtwef; jrifhrm;vmap&ef
ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rIrsm;? ESD;aESmzvS,faqG;aEG;rIrsm;? nDvmcHrsm; awmif;qdkcsufrsm;tm;jzifh aqmif
Gufjcif;/
(c) upm;ckefpm;NydKifyGJrsm;udk usif;yay;jcif;/
(*) upm;ckefpm; avhusifhrIrsm;udk tm;ay;jcif;/
(C) ausmif;om;wdkif;\ ynmavhvmqnf;yl;a&;ESifh ywfouf vdktyforQ tultnDrsm;udk ay;jcif;?
aqG;aEG;&ef tzGJUi,frsm;udk zGJUpnf;OD;aqmifjcif;/
(i) pum;&nfvkyGJrsm;? pmpDpmukH;NydKifyGJrsm;? a[majymyGJrsm;udk usif;yay;jcif;/
(p) pmoifwef;rsm; zGifhvSpfay;jcif;/
(q) pmMunfhwdkufrsm; zGifhvSpfay;jcif;? pmapmifrsm; xkwfa0rIwdkYudk OD;pD;jyKvkyfay;jcif;/
(Z) pnf;urf;udk kdaoatmifavhusifhay;jcif;/
(ps) udk,fusifhw&m; aumif;rGefa&;? pdwf"mwf jrifhjrwfa&;? trsm;ESifhcspfcif&if;ESD;pGm aewwfa&; paom
pdwf"gwfrsm;udkoGif;ay;jcif;/
- 20 -
aemufqufwGJ (30)
(n) vkyftm;udk kdaoaom pdwf"gwf? tvkyfudk cspfjrwfEdk;aom pdwf"gwfrsm; &Sdatmif jyKvkyfay;jcif;/
(#) pkaygif;vkyaf qmif&aomtvky?f apwemh0efxrf;tvky?f oefYiS ;f a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk OD;pD;aqmifu
G jf cif;/
(X) trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI? wdkif;&if;om;,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk avhvmrIudk tm;ay;jcif;? ,Ofaus;rIyGJawmfrsm;?
NydKifyGJrsm; toD;oD; usif;yay;jcif;/
(!) vGwv
f yfa&; wnfwchH ikd jf rJa&;? urmYNidr;f csrf;a&; xde;f odr;f umuG,af &;? e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? zufqpf
qefYusifa&; paom ta&;udpr sm;wGif ausmif;om;ESifh trsKd;om;tusKd;twGuf jzpfygu ausmif;om;
qE ausmif;om;tm;ESifh 0ifa&mufaqmifGufjcif;/
() jrefrmwEdkifiHvkH;Sd ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;udk ausmif;om;tjrif? ausmif;om;qE? ausmif;om;
tiftm;wdkYjzifh ausmif;om;xkudprsm;wGif yl;wGJaqmifGufMujcif;jzifh ckdifrmpGmwnfaqmufjcif;/
(P) vli,f? trsKd;orD; tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf tusKd;wlupd r sm;wGif cspfMunf&if;ES;D pGm yl;aygif;aqmifu
G jf cif;/
(w) urmah usmif;om;rsm;or* (International Union of Students) ESihf w&m;0ifqufo,
G
f urm
w0Srf;vkH;Sd ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh cspfMunfpGm vufwGJaqmifGufjcif;/
(x) tdrfeD;em;csif;wdkif;jynfrsm;ESifh tmSwdkif;jynfrsm;rS ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh txl;cspfMunf&if;ESD;pGm
qufqHjcif;/
(') Auorsm; tzGUJ csKyf\ &nf,
G cf sufrsm; atmifjrifa&;twGuf vdt
k yfonf[k ,lqaom tjcm;vkyif ef;
pOfrsm;udk aqmifGufjcif;/
tcef; (4)
Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf0if jzpfrI
4/
/ Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfodkY tzGJUvdkuf qufoG,fyg0ifEdkifcGifh Sdonf/
5/
/ tzGJUvkdufyg0if&rnfh Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm;rSm wuodkvfausmif;om;or*rsm;? aumvdyfor*rsm;?
toufarG;0rf;aMumif;qdkif&m ausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;om;or*rsm;? jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pk ausmif;om;or*rsm;? ckdif
ausmif;om;or*rsm;? NrdKUe,f ausmif;om;or*rsm;wdkY jzpfonf/
6/
/ tzGJUvdkufyg0ifMuonfh ausmif;om;or*rsm;rS or*0ifrsm;onf yk*dKvft&vnf; tvdktavsmuf
Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm; jzpfvmMuonf/
7/
/ Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm;\ tcGifhta&;rsm;rSm ausmif;om;or*rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmifGufEdkifcGifh? ausmif;
om;or* aG;aumufyGJrsm;wGif rJay;EdkifcGifh? taG;cHEdkifcGifhESifh tcsKdUaomtcGifhta&;rsm;wGif OD;pm;ay;&SdEdkifcGifhwdkY
jzpfonf/
8/
/ Auorsm; tzGUJ csKyf0ifrsm;\ wm0ef0w&m;rsm;rSm Auorsm; tzGUJ csKyf\ zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyHk pnf;rsO;f Oya'udk
vufcHvdkufemjcif;? Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmifGufjcif;? owfrSwfxm;aom or*0ifaMu;
ESpfpOfaMu;rsm;udk ay;aqmifjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/
9/
/ Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm;onf EkwfxGufEdkifcGifh Sdonf/ EkwfxGufaom tzGJUtpnf;udk vufcH&mwGif
A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu ,m,DvufcHEdkifonf/
10/
/ Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm;udk or*ESifhywfoufaom jypfrIusL;vGefjcif;aMumifh tzGJU0iftjzpfrS xkwfy,f
ypfEikd o
f nftxd tjypf'Pfay;Edik o
f nf/ tjypf'Pfurkd auseyfvQif tqifjh rifah om or*trIaqmiftzGUJ rSonf Edik if v
H ;Hk
qdkif&m nDvmcHtxd t,lcHcGifhSdonf/
11/
/ Auorsm; tzGUJ csKyfwiG f tzGUJ 0iftjzpfvufcjH cif;? tzGUJ 0iftjzpfrx
S w
k yf ,fjcif; paomudpr sm;udk aqmifu
G f
&mwGif EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHonf tmPmtydkifqkH; jzpfonf/
tcef; (5)
Auorsm; tzGJYcsKyfzGJYpnf;ykH
/ Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfonf wEdkifiHvkH;Sd ausmif;om;rsm;udk tzGJUtpnf;tvdkuf pkpnf;xm;aom tzGJUcsKyf
12/
jzpfonf/
13/
/ Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfzGJUpnf;ykHrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
(u) EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH
- 21 -
aemufqufwGJ (30)
(c) EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifh
(*) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU
(C) tzGJUvdkufqufoG,faomausmif;om;or*rsm;
(i) jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;or*rsm;
(p) ckdifausmif;om;or*rsm;
(q) NrdKUe,fausmif;om;or*rsm;
tcef; (6)
EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uGef*&uf)
14/
/ EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHonf Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfwGif tmPmtydkifqkH; jzpfonf/
15/
/ EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*dKvfrsm; yg0ifonf/
(u) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;
(c) tzGJUvdkufqufoG,fxm;aom ausmif;om;or*rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
(*) jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;or*rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
(C) ckdifausmif;om;or*rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
(i) NrdKUe,fausmif;om;or*rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
16/
/ udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& tcsKd;tpm;udk A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu oifhavsmfovdk owfrSwfydkifcGifh Sdonf/
17/
/ nDvmcHudk omreftm;jzifh (18) v wBudrf usif;y&rnf/ odkYaomf vkHavmufaomtaMumif;SdvQif A[dk
trIaqmiftzGJUu aTUqdkif;ac:,lEdkifonf/
18/
/ nDvmcHac:,la&;ESihf ywfoufonfh tcsde?f aeY&uf? pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGUJ u owfrw
S yf ikd cf iG hf
Sdonf/
19/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU\ owfrSwfqkH;jzwfcsufudk rauseyfvQif EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif wifjyuefYuGuf
Edkifonf/
20/
/ Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ okH;ykHwykHSdaom tzGJUvdkuf qufoG,fxm;aom ausmif;om;or*rsm;u awmif;qdk
vQif nDvmcHudk ac:qdkay;&rnf/
21/
/ EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif atmufygudprsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG; qkH;jzwfEdkifonf/
(u) Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfESifh ywfoufaom udprsm;/
(c) ausmif;om;rsm;tm; oufa&mufxdcdkufEdkifonfh wEdkifiHvkH;? wrsKd;om;vkH;ESifh wurmvkH;qdkif&m
ta&;udprsm;/
22/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk nDvmcHwGif wifoGif;&rnf/
23/
/ A[kdtrIaqmiftzGJUudk nDvmcHwGif aG;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf/ aG;aumufjcif;qdkif&m enf;Oya'rsm;udk
A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUuaomf vnf;aumif;? nDvmcHuaomf vnf;aumif; jyKvkyf&rnf/
24/
/ Edik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f mnDvmcHonf wufa&muf&ef owfrw
S x
f m;onfh OD;a&\ xuf0ufEiS hf wOD;yd
k wufa&muf
vQif w&m;0ifxajrmufonf/
25/
26/
27/
tcef; (7)
EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifh
/ EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhonf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uGef*&uf) rS vGJvQif tmPmtydkifqkH; jzpfonf/
/ EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhwGif atmufygyk*K dvfrsm;yg0ifonf/
(u) A[dktrIaqmiftzJGU0ifrsm;
(c) tzGJUvdkufqufoG,faom ausmif;om;or*rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
(*) jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;or*rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
(C) ckdifausmif;om;or*rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
(i) NrdKUe,fausmif;om;or*rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
/ udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& tcsKd;tpm;udk A[kdtrIaqmiftzGJUu oifhavsmfovdk owfrSwfEdkifcGifh Sdonf/
- 22 -
aemufqufwGJ (30)
28/
/ EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhudk A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu ESpfywfvnf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uGef*&uf) ESpfck
tMum;wGif omreftm;jzifh wESpv
f Qif wBudrf ac:,lusif;y&rnf/ A[dt
H ;Hk qdik &f m uGezf &ifu
h kd
aTUqdkif;xm;jcif;aomf vnf;aumif;? ta&;ay:uGefz&ifhtjzpf ac:,ljcif;udkaomf vnf;aumif; jyKvkyfEdkifcGifh Sdonf/
29/
/ owfrw
S x
f m;aom OD;a&\ xuf0ufxuf wOD;yd
k wufa&mufvQif Edik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f muGezf &ifo
h nf w&m;0if
txajrmufonf/
30/
/ EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhwGif A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;\ vkyfief;rsm;udk ppfaq;a0zefjcif;? Auorsm;
tzGJUcsKyfESifh oufqdkifaom udprsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG; qkH;jzwfjcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkifonf/
31/
/ EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhonf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUtm; ,m,Dtm;jzifh jzKwfcsjcif;? ajymif;vJjcif;? Auo
rsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk ,m,Dtm;jzifh jyifqifjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifcGifhSdonf/
32/
/ EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifh\ qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udk EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif t,lcHEdkifonf/
33/
/ EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhrS ,m,Dajymif;vJxm;aom A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU\ vkyfief;rsm;onf vnf;aumif;?
,m,Djyifqifxm;aom zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'onf vnf;aumif;? aemifwGif EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uGef*
&uf) \ twnfjyKrIudk r&vifhupm; xdkMum;umvwGif w&m;0ifonf[k rSwf,l&rnf/
tcef; (8)
A[dktrIaqmiftzGJY
34/
/ A[dt
H ;Hk qdik &f mnDvmcH (uGe*f &uf) ESihf Edik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f muGezf &ifw
h Ykd NyD;vQif tmPm
tydik q
f ;Hk jzpf zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
Hk ajccHOya'u cGijhf yKxm;orQaom Auorsm; tzGUJ csKyf\ udpw
Ykd ukd qk;H jzwfaqmif
Guf ydkifcGifhSdonf/ vufatmufcHor*rsm;\ udprsm;wGifvnf; tMuHay;cGifh? yl;aygif;aqmifGufcGifh Sdonf/
35/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUwGif atmufygyk*Kdvfrsm;yg0ifonf/
(u) Ou|
(c) 'k-Ou|rsm;
(*) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
(C) twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;
rSwfcsuf- A[dktrIaqmifOD;a&ESifh Xmersm;udk A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu oifhawmfonf[k ,lqonfhtwdkif; owfrSwfEdkif
cGifhSdonf/
36/
/ 'k-Ou|rsm;ESifh twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;rSm ckdifNrdKUe,fausmif;om;or*rsm; qdkif&mtwGuf wOD;pD? wuodkvf
rsm;qdkif&mtwGuf wOD;pD? aumvdyfrsm;qdkif&mtwGuf wOD;pD? toufarG;0rf;aMumif;qdkif&m ausmif;rsm;twGuf
wOD;pD? jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;qdkif&mtwGuf wOD;pDESifh tjcm;vdktyfaom XmeBuD;rsm;twGuf twGif;a&;
rSL; wOD;pDwifajrmuf&efjzpfonf/
37/
/ azmfjycJNh yD;aom XmeBuD;rsm;ESihf b@ma&;? pnf;k;H a&;? jyefMum;a&; paomXmersm;twGuf vkyif ef;us,jf yefY
Edkifeif;ap&eftwGuf AsLkdrsm;zGJUpnf; aqmifGufEdkifonf/
38/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf ta&;ay:vkyfief;rsm;twGuf oufqdkif&maumfrwDrsm; zGJUpnf;aqmifGufEdkifcGifh
Sdonf/
39/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf omreftm;jzifh wvvQifwBudrf tpnf;ta0; usif;y&rnf/
40/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifOD;a&\ av;ykHwykHu awmif;qdkvQif A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU tpnf;ta0;udk ac:qdkay;
&rnf/
41/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0if OD;a&\xuf0ufxuf wOD;ydk wufa&mufvQif tpnf;ta0;rSm w&m;0if tx
ajrmufonf/ ta&;wBuD; tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif trIaqmiftzGJU0ifOD;a&\ okH;ykHwykHwufa&mufvQif w&m;0if tx
ajrmufonf/
42/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifwdkYtm; ,m,Dtm;jzifh Ekwfy,f jznfhpGufcefYxm;EdkifcGifh
Sdonf/
43/
/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifwdkYonf Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmifGuf&mwGif tzGJUvdkufaomf
vnf;aumif;? wOD;csif;taeESifhaomf vnf;aumif; wm0efSdap&rnf/ pkaygif;acgif;aqmifrIESifh wGJzufwm0efcHrsm;
vnf; Sd&rnf/
- 23 -
aemufqufwGJ (30)
A[dt
k rIaqmiftzGYJ
Ou|
'k-Ou|rsm;
ckdif-NrdKYe,f
vlrsKd;pk
oufarG;
aumvdyf
wuodkvf
twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;
ckdif-NrdKYe,f
vlrsKd;pk
oufarG;
aumvdyf
wuodkvf
Xmewm0efcHrsm;
ynm b@m
pnf;k;H jyefMum; Ekid if jH cm; oufomacsmifcsd upm;ckepf m;
,Ofaus;rI
tcef; (9)
Auorsm; tzGJYcsKyfodkh tzGJYvdkufqufoG,faom ausmif;om;or*rsm;
44/
/ if;ausmif;om;or*rsm;rSm 'Drdkua&pDusaom pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD pepfwuszGJUpnf;xm;aom
or*rsm;jzpf&rnf/
15/
/ if;ausmif;om;or*rsm;onf if;wdkY\ oufqdkif&mvkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ taxGaxG
vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk rqefYusifapbJ oD;jcm;vGwv
f yfpmG aqmifu
G Ef ikd cf iG hf So
d nf/ odYk aomf tjyifty tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf
qufo,
G &f mwGif vnf;aumif;? yl;wGaJ qmifu
G &f mwGif vnf;aumif; Auorsm; tzGUJ csKyf\oabmwlnrD u
I kd &S&d rnf/
46/
/ if;wdYk \udpr sm;udk aqmifu
G &f mwGif Auorsm; tzGUJ csKyf\ yl;aygif;aqmifu
G rf I tultnDwYkd ukd awmif;
qdk &,lEdkifonf/
tcef; (10)
jynfe,fESifUvlrsKd;pkausmif;om;or*rsm;
47/
/ ArmEdkifiHjynfe,frsm;twGif;Sd ausmif;om;or*rsm;onf if;wdkYa'oSd or*vkyfief;rsm; wGifus,f
atmifjrifa&;twGuf jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pk ausmif;om;or*rsm;udk zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif EdkifcGifhSdonf/
48/
/ if;ausmif;om;or*rsm;udk jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkw&yfvkH;qdkif&m nDvmcHrsm;rS aG;aumufwifajrmuf
&rnf/
- 24 -
aemufqufwGJ (30)
49/
/ if;nDvmcHrsm; ac:qdka&;ESifh oufqdkif&m trIaqmiftzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;a&;udk jynfe,fausmif;om;or*
trIaqmiftzGJUrsm;u oifhawmfonfhtwdkif; qkH;jzwfaqmifGufoGm;Edkifonf/
tcef; (11)
cdkifausmif;om;or*rsm;
50/
/ cdkifausmif;om;or*rsm;udk cdkifnDvmcHrsm;wGif wifajrmufzGJUpnf;&rnf/
51/
/ cdkifnDvmcHrsm;udk cdkifausmif;om;or*trIaqmiftzGJUu oifawmfonf[k ,lq owfrSwfonfhtwdkif;
usif;y&rnf/
52/
/ cdkifausmif;om;or*rsm;onf Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk atmifjrifatmif aqmifGuf&mwGif
tvGef tcsuftcsmusaom ae&mwGif wnfSdojzifh wckdifvkH;Sd ausmif;om;ta&;udp vIyfSm;rIrsm;wGif av;eufpGm
wm0ef,l tajrmftjrifBuD;rI? uRrf;usifvdrmrI? &J&ifhjywfom;rI? owdSdrIwdkYESifh vkHYv0D&d,BuD;pGm pdkufxkwfum
BudK;yrf; aqmifGufMu&rnf/
tcef; (12)
NrdKYe,fausmif;om;or*rsm;
53/
/ NrdKUe,fausmif;om;or* trIaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwfqkH;jzwfonfhtwdkif; usif;yaom NrdKUe,fnDvmcH
rsm;wGif if;ausmif;om;or*rsm;udk wifajrmufzGJUpnf;&rnf/
54/
/ if;wdkYonf NrdKUe,ftwGif;Sd ausmif;om;udprsm;udk wm0ef,laqmifGufMu&rnf/
tcef; (13)
or*qdkif&mqufqHa&;rlrsm;
55/
/ ausmif;om;or*rsm;\qufqHa&;rSm 'Drdkua&pDudk tajccHaom A[kdcsKyfudkifenf;pepf (Democratic
Centralism) t& jzpf&rnf/
56/
/ or*rsm;udk ausmif;om;xku 'Drdkua&pDenf;t& aG;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf/ or*tzGJUtpnf;
tqifhqifhudk atmufajcrS aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif;jzifh zGJUpnf;&rnf/
57/
/ or*tqifhqifhwdkYonf txufrSay;aom TefMum;csufrsm;udk atmufrSemcH aqmifGuf&rnf/
58/
/ tqkH;tjzwfrsm;udk rsm;&mpkjzifh jyKvkyf&rnf/ tenf;pkonf trsm;pk\qkH;jzwfcsufudk emcH&rnf/
59/
/ trsm;pk\ qkH;jzwfcsufudk remcHvdkaomf tenf;pkonf ausmif;om;xkudk 'Drdkua&pDenf;t& pnf;kH;um
rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkifu trsm;pkjzpfatmif BudK;yrf; qkH;jzwfcsufudk jyefvnfjyifqifEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif trsm;pkqkH;jzwf
csufudk remcHvdk toif;tzGJUcGJ wnfaxmifjcif;? igwaumaumjcif;rsm;udk rjyKvkyf&/
60/
/ tenf;pk\ xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmfEdkif&eftwGuf trsm;pkwdkYu us,fjyefYaom
'Drdkua&pDSdap&ef wm0efcH&rnf/
61/
/ txuftzGJUtpnf;wdkYonf atmuftzGJUtpnf;wdkYxH TefMum;rIESifh vdktyforQaom tultnDrsm;udk
ay;&rnf/
62/
/ atmuftzGUJ tpnf;wdYk onf txuftzGUJ tpnf;wkYd xH tajctaet&yf&yfqikd &f m tpD&ifcpH mrsm;udk ay;ydYk NyD;
txufrS TefMum;onfwdkYukd atmifjrifxajrmufatmif BudK;yrf;aqmifGufMu&rnf/
tcef; (14)
b@ma&;
63/
/ or*rsm;\ b@ma&;udk or*0ifaMu;? ESpfpOfaMu;rsm;ESifh tvSLaiGrsm;rS &Sdonf/
64/
/ or*rsm;\ b@ma&;udk b@ma&;rSL;rsm;ESifh b@ma&;aumfrwDrsm;u SmMuHpkaqmif;NyD; okH;pGJa&;
udkvnf; if;wdkYuyif pepfwuscGJa0 ay;&rnf/
65/
/ wESpfvQifwBudrf owfrSwfxm;aom pm&if;ppfrsm;u or* b@ma&;tajctaeudk ppfaq;NyD;aemuf
b@ma&;rSL;u trIaqmiftzGJUodkY b@ma&; tpD&ifcHpmwapmifudk wifoGif;&rnf/
- 25 -
aemufqufwGJ (30)
tcef; (15)
ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;
66/
/ ausmif;ydw&f uf twGi;f wGif ausmif;om;or*\ udpr sm;udk qufvuf aqmifu
G &f eftwGuf or*;Hk pdu
k f
&mXmewGif aexdkifaom okH;OD;xufrenf;aom trIaqmiftzGJU0ifwdkYtm; ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;tjzpf vufSd
trIaqmiftzGJUu cefYxm;aMunm&rnf/
67/
/ ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHwdkYonf or*tzGJUtpnf;wckvkH;ESifh oufqdkifaom udpBuD;rsm;udk aqmifGuf
ajzSif;EdkifcGifh rSd/ udpB uD;rsm;udk aqmifGufajzSif;&eftwGuf trIaqmiftzGJUudk jyefvnfac:,l wm0efudkjyefvnf
tyfESif;&rnf/
68/
/ ausmif;jyefzGifhaomtcg ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;u trIaqmiftzGJUtm; wm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk jyefvnf
vTJtyfay;&rnf/
tcef; (16)
Auorsm; tzGJYcsKyf\ tvH? wHqdyfESifU oDcsif;
69/
/ Auorsm; tzGUJ csKyf\tvHrmS teDa&mifatmufcw
H iG f aT0ga&mif cGyaf 'gif;onf aT0ga&mif puf0ikd ;f twGi;f
wGif ud,
k yf ikd ;f usa&mufvsuf ygSad p&rnf/ tvH\tG,yf rmPrSm tvsm; (9) ay? teH (5) ayjzpfonf/ BuD;i,fr[l
if;tcsKd;tpm; tvdkufjzpfap&rnf/
70/
/ Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\wHqdyfrSm urmvkH;ykHoPmef aemufcHpuf0dkif;twGif;wGif pmtkyfzGifhvsufykH ygSdap
pmtkyfykH\vuf0JbufeHab;wGif rD;wkwfudk vufjzifhudkifaqmifxm;aomykH uyfvsufygSdap&rnf/ puf0dkif; tem;w
avsmufwGif ywfvnf0ef;&Hvsuf jrefrmbmomtm;jzifh ]ArmEk d i f i H v k H ; qk d i f & mausmif ; om;or* r sm;tzG J Y c sKyf }
t*Fvdyfbmomtm;jzifh "All Burma Federation of Student Unions" [k a&;om;&rnf/
Auorsm; tzGcYJ sKyf tvHEiS Uf wHqyd f
Auorsm; tzJcYG sKyw

f q
H yd u
f kd 1950-51 ckEpS rf S pwiftwnf
jyK oH;k pJcG UJ onf/ if;wHqyd rf mS urmah usmif;om;or*rsm;tzJcYG sKyf
(International Union of Students - IUS) \
rl&if;wHqyd jf zpfNy;D cGijUf yKcsuaf wmif; oH;k pJcG o
UJ nf/ ,aehtxd
qufvuftoH;k jyKaeqJjzpfonf/
71/
/ Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ oDcsif;rSm - (wzufpmrsufESmwGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/)
tcef; (17)
zGJYpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpnf;rsOf;Oya'jyifqifa&;
72/
/ Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ ]zGJYpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpnf;rsOf;Oya'} udk EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mnDvmcH (uGef*&uf) jyifqif
jcif;? jznfhpGufjcif;? Ekwfy,fjcif;? zsufodrf;jcif;wdkYudk nDvmcHwufa&mufol okH;ykHESpfykH\ oabmwlnDcsuft& jyK
vkyfEdkifonf/
73/
/ ,m,Djyifqifcsufrsm;udk EdkifiHvkH;qkdif&muGefz&ifhwGif wufa&mufol okH;ykHESpfykH\ oabmwlnDcsuft&
yvkyfEdkifonf/
jznfUpGufcsufrsm;
tcef; (1)? tydk'f 1 wGif jznfUpGuf&ef
t*Fvdyfbmomtm;jzifh "All Burma Federation of Student Unions" [k ac:wGifap twdkaumuf
tm;jzifh "A.B.F.S.U" [k ac:a0:&vdrfhrnf/
- 26 -
aemufqufwGJ (30)
pmrsufESm (18)? tcef; (7)? tydk'f (28) atmufwGif oD;oefhtydk'ftjzpf xnfUoGif;&ef
Edik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f muGezf &ifo
h Ykd wufa&mufEikd cf iG hf adS om tzGUJ tpnf;OD;a&\ ok;H ykw
H yku
H awmif;qdv
k Qif A[dt
k rI
aqmiftzGJUu EdkifiHvkH;qkdif&muGefz&ifhudk ac:,lay;&rnf/
1958 ck? Mo*kwfv (15-16) &ufaehrsm;wGif &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* taqmuftOD
usif;yaom 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf wdk;csJY OD;pD;nDvmcHwGif wifoGif; ,m,DtwnfjyKonf/
1960 ck? atmufwdkbmv (20-21-22-23-24) &ufaehrsm;wGif usif;yaom (6) Budrfajrmuf ArmEdkifiHvkH;
qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJYcsKyf EkdifiHvkH;qdkif&muGef*&ufwGif wifoGif;twnfjyKonf/
atmifyJGtqufquf cHOD;rnf
usm; / / igwkdY ausmif;om; aygif;pnf;vkdY nD&rnf - - trsKd;om;a&;ukd BudKqkdzkdY&nf - 'Drkdua&pDynma&;twGuf&nf - -wdkYtom; wdkYtaoG;paw;vSLrnf - r / / igwkd hausmif;om; aygif;pnf;vkdY nD&rnf - -trsKd;om;a&;ukd BudKqkdzkdY&nf - vGwfvyfckdifjrJ t"GefY &SnfzkdYtwnf- - jynfcspfpdwf"gwf arG;pkdY nD - usm; / / a[ - - nDnDnmnm - - vGwfvyfa&;xdef;odrf;rnf- - zufqpf0g'Dwkdufzsufrnf a[ - nDnDnmnm- - vGwfvyfa&;xdef;odrf;rnf - e,fcsJ h&efukd wGef;NzdKrnf - r /
/ ausmif;om;todESifh ausmif;om;tcGifhwifjyrnf- - aoG;pnf;vkdY yif &mZ0ifcef;quf&Snf

b0opf rkefwkdif; vSrf;csDzkdY &nf - - atmifyJGtqufquf cHzl;onf
usm; / / a[- - atmifNyD atmifNyD Nidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;rnf- - zufqpf0g'Dwkdufzsufrnf

a[ - - atmifNyD atmifNyD vGwfvyfa&;xdef;odrf;rnf - - e,fcsJU &efukd wGef;NzdKrnf r /
/ ausmif;om;todESifh ausmif;om;tcGifhwifjyrnf - -aoG;pnf;vkdY yif &mZ0ifcef;quf&Snf

Auorsm;tzJGUcsKyfOD;aqmif- - atmifyJGtqufquf cHOD;rnf - -/
t"dywdrsm;? tkycf sKyaf &;t&m&Srd sm;? armfueG ;f xde;f rsm; (1920-62)

wuodkvft"dywdrsm;
1920-23
qm&,f*sDe,f[ife&Dc&ufa'guf
1923-25
qmpyifqm[mukwfbwvm
1925
qm0DvsH*Refud
1925-27
qmpyifqm[mukwfbwvm
1928-30 qmcsm;vfpftvufZif;'g;tif;epf
1930-31 qm*sKd;ZufMo*wfpwyfarmifBuD;
1931-32 qmcsm;vfpftvufZif;'g;tif;epff
1932-36 qm[l;vif;pa'gif;pwDzifqifh
1936-39
1939-42
1947-56
1956-57
1957-58
1958-60
1960-62
wuodkvfudk,fpm;t"dywdrsm;
1947
0efBuD;apmpHzdk;oif
1948
0efBuD;Adkvfbdk;uGef;
1948
0efBuD;OD;xGef;jrifh (vif;ac;)
- 27 -
qmtmpDabma'gufuvyfaumhu&drf;
OD;wifxG#f
EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;Ek
EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;AaqG
EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;
aemufqufwGJ (30)
1948-49
1949
1949-50
1950-56
1956-58
1958
1958
1958
1958-60
1960
0efBuD;OD;0if;
0efBuD;ref;0if;armif
0efBuD;OD;xGef;az
0efBuD;OD;oef;atmif
0efBuD;OD;xGef;wif
0efBuD;OD;&mSpf
0efBuD;ocifwif
0efBuD;OD;armifausmfuH
0efBuD;OD;um
0efBuD;a'gufwm{armif
wuodkvf 'k-t"dywdrsm;
1920-21
qmcsm;vfpfarmf*ef0ufAf
1921-27
qma&mbwfppf'eD*sKdif;vfpf
1927-31 qmbif*srif;[m;Awf[D;vf'f
1931-38 a'gufwmOD;quf
1938-39
qmjrbl;
1939-42
a'gufwmOD;quf
1947-49
OD;umpD
1949-52
w&m;0efBuD; OD;{armif
1952-58
w&m;0efBuD; OD;bdkBuD;
1958-59 a'gufwmxifatmif
1959
OD;pHvGif
tkyfcsKyfa&;t&mSd? tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;ESifU ygarmucsKyf
1945-46 rpwmt,fvfxifpD
1946-47 a'gufwmxifatmif (ynma&;)? a'gufwmvSbl; (jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;)? OD;b (tkyfcsKyfa&;)
1947-58 a'gufwmxifatmif
1959-61 a'gufwmvSjrifh
1961
a'gufwmomvS
1962
OD;um
wuodkvfarmfuGef;xdef;rsm;
1920-22
rpwm'vsLtdefav
1922-27
rpwmatuif;bJ
1927-28
rpwmatom*k
1928-33 rpwmatuif;bJ
1933-35 rpwmbDtm&fyef;
1935-42 rpwmt,fvfxifpD
1947-53 OD;,kcif
ynma&;
1953-59
1959-61
1961
OD;,kcif
OD;boef;
OD;armifarmifpdef
tkyfcsKyfa&;
1953- 59
1959- 61
1961
- 28 -
OD;odef;armif
OD;armifarmifpdef
OD;vSatmif
aemufqufwGJ (31)
aemufqufwJG (31)
'Dru
kd &wfwpfausmif;om;rsm;tzGUJ
ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;or*
\
zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyyf pkH nf;rsO;f Oya'
r*FvmpmyHEk ydS w
f u
kd f
trSwf (462) Adv
k cf sKyaf wmif vrf;rawmf
yef;yJwef;
armfvNrdKifNrdKY
- 29 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
'Dru
kd &wfwpfausmif;om;rsm;tzGYJ
ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;or*
\
zGpYJ nf;tkycf sKyyf pkH nf;rsO;f Oya'
tcef; (1)
yk'fr- (1) trnf
tzGJUtpnf;udk ]ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;or*} [kac:wGifap&rnf/ twdkcsKyftm;jzifh ]Auo}
[k ac:wGifap&rnf/
yk'fr- (2) txdrf;trSwfESifU tvH
Auo\ txdrf;trSwfwHqdyfwHk;onf axmifhpGef;ig;ckSdaom Mu,fBuD;udk Mu,fi,fig;vHk;jcH&HNyD;?
Mu,fBuD;\ tv,fwGif ArmjynfyHkygSdap&rnf? if;ArmjynfyHktv,fwGif zGifhxm;aom pmtkyfyHkygSdap&rnf/
txdrf;trSwf\ ab;ywfvnfpuf0dkif;ESpfckMum;wGif ]]ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;or*}} ESifh ]XmecsKy}f [laom
pmwrf;ygSdap&rnf/
ckdifNrdKUe,frsm;\ wHqdyfwHk;rsm;rSm ]ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m? ausmif;om;rsm;or*cGJ}} ESifh oufqdkif&m ckdif
(odkYr[kwf) NrdKUe,frsm;\ trnfrsm; ygSdap&rnf/
Auo\tvHonf teDa&mifaemufcHum; tay:wGif tjzLa&mifcGyfa'gif;yHk ygSdap&NyD;? if;cGyfa'gif;yHk\
udk,fydkif;onf puf0dkif;wcktwGif;wGif Sdap&rnf/ xdktvH\ vuf0Jbuftxufa'gifhpGef;wGif a'gifhpGef; (5) ckSdaom
Mu,fjzLwck ygSdap&rnf/
yrmP- tvH\tG,t
f pm;rSm tvsm; (9) ay? teH (5) ayjzpfapNyD; BuD;i,fr[l xdt
k csKd;tpm;tvdu
k f jzpfap&rnf/
yk'fr- (3) wnfae&mESifU tus,ft0ef;
AuoXmecsKyf\ wnf&mXmerSm omreftm;jzifh &efuek Nf rdKUwGijf zpfapNyD;? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmfw0Sr;f
vHk;wGif zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif&rnf/
yk'fr- (4) &nfG,fcsufrsm;
(1) jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk xdef;odrf;apmifhaSmuf vdkufem
&ef?
(2) 'Drdkua&pD0g'udk avhvmusifhoHk;&ef?
(3) Nidrfcsrf;a&;ESifh wnfwHcdkifjrJa&;udk ausmif;om;xktif;tm;jzifh tpGrf;ukef&,l&ef?
(4) Srf;? csif;? u&if? u,m;? rGef? &cdkif? jrefrmtpSdaom jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om; tm;vHk;wdkY\
pnf;vHk;nDGwfa&;udk aqmifGuf&ef?
(5) vGwfvyfNyD;aom jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmfBuD;udk wdkif;wyg;om;wdkY vufodkYxdk;tyf uRefb0odkY
jyefvnfusqHk;aprnfh jynfwGif;rsKd;zsuf opmazmufwdkU\ ckwHk;taejzifh ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;tm;
aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;aeaom ausmif;om;opmazmufrsm;udk ausmif;om;avmurS tukeftpOf wdkuf
xkwf&ef?
- 30 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
(6) EkdifiHawmfom,m0ajyma&;twGuf yg0ifaqmifGuf&ef?
(7) jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiHawmf\ ,Ofaus;rItqifhtwef;udk jrifhwif&ef?
(8) acwfrDSaom wdkif;jynftjzpfodkY wdk;jrifh&mwGif vdktyfonfh avmu"gwfq&mrsm;? tif*sifeD,mrsm;?
q&m0efrsm; tpSo
d nfh xl;cReaf om ynmwwfausmif;om;rsm;pGm ay:aygufvmap&eftwGuf tqift
h
wef;jrifhaom ynma&;udk wnfaqmuf&ef/
(9) ausmif;om;rsm;\ w&m;rQwpGm&oifh&xdkufaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tEkenf;jzifhawmif;qdk&ef/
(10) jynfaxmifpk ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ pnf;vHk;rItaqmufttHk cdkifrmawmifhwif;vmatmif
zefwD;&ef/
(11) ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;jyemwdkif;wGif ausmif;om;xk\ qEjzifh
ajzSif;&ef/
(12) ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;udk Avig;wefESifh jynfh0vmap&ef/
(13) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmftwGif;Sd ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh urmYausmif;om;rsm; &ifaygifwef;
yl;aygif;aqmifGufEkdifap&ef/
(14) q&m? rdb? vlBuD;rsm;udk kdao&ef/
(15) (AuoXmecsKyf) tmPmydik t
f zGUJ rsm;u umvtm;avsmfpmG owfrw
S af om tjcm;aom&nf,
G cf sufrsm;
udk atmifjrifatmifaqmifGuf&ef/
tcef; (2)
toif;0ifa&;ESifh ESpfpOfaMu;
yk'rf - (5) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmftwGif;Sd pmoifausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoif,laeMuaom ausmif;olôm;wdkif;
or*0iftjzpf ygEkdifap&rnf/
rSwcf su-f pufrIvufrI twwfoifausmif;rsm;? pdkufysKd;a&;twufoifausmif;rsm;? ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;twufoif
ausmif;rsm;yg tcef; (2)? yk'fr (5) wGif tusKH;0ifonf/
yk'fr- (6) txufyg tcef; (2)? yk'fr (5) t& or*0ifvdkolrsm;onf atmufygazmfjyyg t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfh
pHkap&rnf/
(u) touf (18) ESpf jynfhap&rnf/
(c) l;oGyfaoma&m*g rSdap&/
(*) or*\ &nfG,fcsufrsm;ESifh pnf;urf;Oya'udk vdkufemusifhEkdifol jzpf&rnf/
(,) tusifhpm&dwaumif;rGef or*\aus;Zl;awmfudk apmifhodkdaool jzpf&rnf/
(i) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifjzpfap? ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifjzpfap? NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmift
zGJU0ifjzpfap? odkYr[kwf or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJU0ifjzpfap? if;yk*dKvfrsm;xJrS ESpfOD;\ tusifhpm&dw
aumif;rGefaMumif; axmufcHpm ygSdap&rnf/
(p) ___ ___ &nfG,fcsufrsm;udk usifhoHk;vdkufemEkdifol jzpf&rnf/
(q) or*rSay;tyfaom wm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk waoGrodrf;vdkufemaqmifGufEkdifol jzpf&rnf/
(Z) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS umvtm;avsmfpGm owfrSwfaom ESpfpOfaMu;aiGrsm;udk ajyvnfatmif
ay;oGif;Ekdifol jzpf&rnf/
yk'rf - (7) or*0ifwOD;tjzpf0ifa&muf&ef t&nftcsif;ESifh jynfhpHkolwOD;onf or*cGJtwGif;a&;rSL;xHrS awmif;,l
&SEd idk af om toif;0ifavQmufvmT yHpk u
H kd tcef; (2)? yk'rf (6)? tyd'k if ,f (i) t& or*trIaqmifEpS Of ;D \ tusifph m&dw
aumif;rGefaMumif; axmufcHpmESifhtwl ESpfpOfaMu;udkyg wyg;wnf; ay;oGif;&rnf/
yk'fr- (8) or*0ifwdkif; or*tpnf;ta0;rsm;aG;aumufyGJrsm;wGif qErJay;ydkifcGifh? taG;cHydkifcGifhtqdk wifoGif;
axmufcHEkdifcGifh Sdap&rnf/
- 31 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
yk'fr- (9) txufygyk'fr (8) t& or*trIaqmiftjzpf taG;cHEkdifcGifhonf EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ wm0efcHtvkyftrI
aqmifrsm;jzpfaom or*0ifrsm; rjzpfap&/
yk'fr- (10) or*0ifwOD;jypfrlusL;vGefcJhaomf or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUu wm0efcH&mxl;rS avQmhcsjcif;? or*rS acw
xkwyf ,fjcif; ponfwYkd ukd jyKvkyEf ikd o
f nf/ odYk aomf ckid o
f r*tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ \ oabmwlncD sufukd &,l&rnf/
yk'fr- (11) txufygyk'fr (10) t& tjypfay;cH&aom or*0ifwOD;onf rauseyfvQif A[dkaumifpD (odkYr[kwf)
EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif t,lcHEkdifcGifhSdap&rnf/
yk'fr- (12) (u) or*0ifrsm;ESpfpOfaMu;rSm (1) usyf jzpfonf/
(c) if;ESpfpOfaMu;udk rlvtajccHor*cGJrsm;u aumufcH&rnf/ 0ifaMu;udk aumuf,lrnfr[kwf/
(*) rlvtajccHor*rsm;rS aumufcH&Sdaom ESpfpOfaMu;rsm;udk atmufygtcsKd;pm;twdkif; cGJa0,l&rnf/
rlvtajccHor*cGJrsm;
&mcdkifEIef;
10
NrdKUe,for*
&mcdkifEIef;
50
ckdifor*
&mcdkifEIef;
20
Auo (XmecsKyf)
&mcdkifEIef;
20
tcef; (3)
zGJYpnf;yHk
yk'rf - (13) Auo (XmecsKyf) \rlvtajccHor*rsm;rSm aus;Gm? (odkYr[kwf) &yfuGuf (odkYr[kwf) NrdKUr or*cGJrsm;
jzpfonf/
yk'fr- (14) Auo (XmecsKyf) \zGJUpnf;yHkrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
(1) rlvtajccHor*cGJrsm;
(2) NrdKUe,for*rsm;
(3) ckdifor*rsm;
(4) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU
(5) A[dkaumifpDtzGJU
(6) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif/
yk'fr- (15) rlvtajccHor*wGif trIaqmiftzGJUwdkYudk ESpfpOfor*0ifrsm;\ ESpfywfvnftpnf;ta0;rS aG;aumuf
&rnf/
yk'fr- (16) NrdKUe,faumifpDESifhtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUudk ESpfpOfNrdKUe,fnDvmcHu aG;aumuf&rnf/
yk'fr- (17) ckdifaumifpDESifh ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUudk ESpfpOfckdifnDvmcHu aG;aumuf&rnf/
yk'rf - (18) ckid af umifpo
D nf zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfykH Oya'tcsut
f vufrsm;ESihf A[dak umifp?D A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ wdUk \
pnf;urf;csufrsm;twGif;wGif rdrdwdkY\ckdiftwGuf aqmifGufzG,fSdonfrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGmaqmifGufEkdifcGifh Sdonf/
yk'fr- (19) rlvtajccHor*0ifrsm; tpnf;ta0;onf tMuD;qHk;aomtPmydkiftzGJUjzpfonf/ xdkxufvGefvQif NrdKU
e,for*odkY wuf&rnf/ NrdKUe,for*wGif NrdKUe,fnDvmcHonftBuD;qHk;aom tmPmydkiftzGJUjzpfonf/ xdkYxufvGef
aomf ckdifor*odkY wuf&rnf/ ckdifor*wGifckdifnDvmcHonf tBuD;qHk;aomtmPmydkiftzGJUjzpfonf/ xdkYxufvGef
vQif Auo (XmecsKyf) odYk wuf&rnf/ Auo (XmecsKyf) wGif Ekid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcHobifonf tBuD;qH;k aomtmPm
ydkiftzGJUjzpfonf/ EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif rSdonfhtcg A[dkaumifpD? A[dkaumifpDrSdonfhtcg A[dktvkyftrI
- 32 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
aqmiftzGJUwdkYonf tmPmydkiftzGJUrsm; jzpfonf/
yk'rf - (20) xdkYtwl ckdifor*ESifh NrdKUe,for*rsm;wGifvnf; nDvmcHobifrSdonfh tcg? oufqdkif&maumifpDtzGJU?
oufqdkif&maumifpDtzGJU rSdonfhtcg tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUwdkYonf tmPmydkiftzGJUjzpfonf/
tcef; (4)
tkyfcsKyfpDrHyHkpH pepfESifU enf;vrf;rsm;
yk'fr- (21) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;wGif tkyfcsKyfpDrH&eft"dutcsufrSm 'Drdkua&pDenf;pepft&?
aG;aumufwifajrmuf A[dkrS OD;pD;onfhpHepfjzpfonf/
(1) tm;vHk;aom aumifpDtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk trsm;qEtwdkif; aG;aumufwif
ajrmuf&rnf/
(2) A[dkor*\ trdefYudk vdkufemaqmifGuf&rnf/
yk'fr- (22) NrdKUe,f (odkUr[kwf) ckdifudk omreftm;jzifh tkyfcsKyfa&;e,ferdwftwdkif; vdkufem&rnf/ odkY&mwGif
tvkyfvG,fulapjcif;udk axmufxm; ckdifaumifpDu oifhavsmfovdk owfrSwfydkifcGifhSdonf/
yk'rf - (23) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf ckdifor* rjzpfao;aom e,fSdor*rsm;udk wdkufkdufaomfvnf;aumif;
eD;pyf&mckdifor*udk aomfvnf;aumif; vTJtyftkyfcsKyfpDrHEkdifonf/
tcef; (5)
EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHobif
yk'rf - (24) ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;or* nDvmcHobifukd omreftm;jzifh wESpv
f Qiw
f Budru
f s usi;f y&rnf/
odkYaomf vHkavmufaomtaMumif;rsm;Sdu A[dkaumifpDuaomfvnf;aumif;/ A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUuaomfvnf;
aumif; aTUqdkif;Edkifonf/
yk'rf - (25) txl;nDvmcHobifrsm;udk taMumif;xl;vHak vmufr&I Su
d A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ u jzpfap? A[dak umifpD
ujzpfap ac:,lEkdifonf/ xdkYtjyif EkdifiHawmftwGif;Sd ckdifor*rsm;\ oHk;ykHESpfyHkrS oabmwl ac:qdkcGifhawmif;vQif
vnf; ac:qdkay;&rnf/
yk'fr- (26) nDvmcHobifwGif udk,fpm;vS,frsm;rS wufa&mufEkdifolrsm;rSm(1) ukefqHk;onfhESpftwGuf A[dkaumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;
(2) ukefqkH;onfhESpftwGuf A[dktvkyfrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;
(3) ckdifor*rsm;rS enf;vrf;wus aG;aumufapvTwfvdkufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
(4) NrdKUe,for*rS enf;vrf;wus aG;aumufapvTwfvdkufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
rSwfcsuf- nDvmcHobifodkY wufa&mufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&udk A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwfydkifcGifh
Sdonf/
yk'rf - (27) NrdKUe,fESifh ckdifor*rsm;rS apvTwfaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk NrdKUe,fESifh nDvmcHrsm;u aG;aumuf&rnf/
yk'fr- (28) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifodkY wufa&mufEkdifaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf rdrdwdkYESifhoufqdkif&m ckdif
twGuf A[dkaumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;udk oufqdkif&mckdife,frS wufa&mufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS trsm;oabmwl
aG;aumuf&rnf/ ckdifwckvQif A[dkaumifpD0if ESpfOD;aG;wifEkdifonf/
yk'fr-(29) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifrS A[dkaumifpDtzGJUudk zGJUpnf;&rnf/ if;A[dkaumifpDwGif - pnf;rsOf;Oya'
tcef; (3)? yk'fr (14)? tydk'f (4) ESifh tcef; (5)? yk'fr (28)? t& - A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh oufqdkif&m
- 33 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
ckdife,frS wufa&mufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS aG;cs,fay;aom udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifap&rnf/
yk'rf - (30) txufygtwdkif;zGJUpnf;vdkufaom A[dkaumifpDtzGJUonf EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHobiftwGuf tqdkaG;
aumfrwDvnf; jzpf\/
yk'rf - (31) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif tqdkaG;aumfrwD tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU Ou|u
obmywd? taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;u tusKd;aqmiftjzpf aqmifGuf&rnf/
yk'fr- (32) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif or*ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? or*\vkyfief;rsm;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;
ywfoufaom ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;EkdifcGifhSdonf/ odkY&mwGif ar;vdkaom ar;cGef;\taMumif;t&mrsm;udk A[dktvkyf
trIaqmiftzGJUodkY (7) &ufBudKwif taMumif;Mum;xm;ESifh&rnf/
yk'fr- (33)
(u) or*\tkyfcsKyfyHkpnf;rsOf;Oya'udk jyifqifjznfhpGwf (odkYr[kwf) y,fzsufjcif;ponfwdkYudk jyKvkyfvdkaom trI
aqmiftzGUJ ? (odYk r[kw)f or*0ifwOD;OD;onf taMumif;t&m pHv
k ifpmG jzifh Ekid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcHobif rusif;yrD
wvBudKwif ay;ydkYxm;&rnf/
(c) xdEdk idk if v
H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcHobifoYkd wufa&mufvmaom yk*K v
d rf sm;\ OD;a&oH;k yHEk pS yf u
kH oabmwlro
S m twnfjyK&
rnf/
yk'rf - (34) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUujzpfap? A[dkaumifpDujzpfap nDvmcHobifusif;y&m enf;vrf;wusjzpfap
&ef vdktyfaompDpOfrIrsm;udk tajctaetm;avsmfpGm pDpOfGefMum;&rnf/
yk'rf - (35) omreftm;jzifh usif;yaom nDvmcHobiftwGuf Ekid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mor*Ou|udk jyefvnfaG;aumuf&rnf/
rnfuo
hJ Ykd Ou|aG;aumuf&rnfqo
kd nfh tpDtpOfukd A[dak umifprD jS zpfap? A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ rSjzpfap pDpOfay;&
rnf/
yk'rf - (36) aG;aumufwifajrmufcH&aom Ou|onf rdrdESifhwGJbufvkyfudkif&ef vsmxm;onfh A[dktvkyftrIaqmif
tzGJU0ifrsm;\ trnfrsm;udk aMujimNyD;vQif nDvmcHobif\oabmwlnDrI&,l&rnf/
yk'fr- (37) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHobifwGif or*\ ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUobif
tzGJUu wifjy&rnf/
tcef; (6)
A[dkaumifpD
yk'rf - (38) tcef; (5)? yk'rf (2) t& zGUJ pnf;onfh A[dak umifpo
D nf Edik if v
H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcHobifrv
S v
JG Qif tcsKyftcsm
tmPmtydkifqHk;aomtzGJU jzpf&rnf/
yk'rf - (39) A[dkaumifpDtpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh wESpfvQif (2) Budrfusif;y&rnf/ tpnf;ta0; ac:ydkifcGifhrSm
Ou|ESifh A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUom Sdonf/
yk'fr- (40) ta&;ay:A[dkumifpDtpnf;ta0;udk taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm ac:,lusif;yEkdifonf/ odkY&mwGif ac:,lydkif
cGifhrSm tcef; (6)? yk'fr (39) t&om ac:,lEkdifonf/
yk'rf - (41) A[dkaumifpD\ obmywdESifh tusKd;aqmifonf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ Ou|ESifh taxGaxGtxGif;
a&;rSL; toD;oD;jzpfap&rnf/
- 34 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
yk'fr- (42) A[dkaumifpDonf or*\0g'ESifh vkyfief;pOfudk jy|mef;Ekdifonf/ or*vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh ywfouf
A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUtm; pdppfEkdifonf/ TefMum;Edkifonf/
yk'rf - (43) A[dkaumifpDtzGJUonf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh rNyD;jywfEdkifaom jyem&yfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf
&rnff/
yk'rf - (44) A[dkaumifpDtzGJUonf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0if toD;oD;tm; tjypftavsmuf&mxl;rS ,m,Dxkwfy,f
jcif;? &yfqdkif;jcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfydkifcGifh Sdonf/
yk'rf - (45) pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESifhywfoufaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk ,m,DjyifqifjznfhpGwfjcif;ESifh ,m,Dxkwfy,fjcif;
rsm;udk A[dkaumifpDtzGJUu jyKvkyfydkifcGifhSdonf/
yk'fr- (46) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mOu| (odkYr[kwf) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm; vpfvyfcJhvQif A[dkaumifpDtzGJUu
yk*dKvftpm; aG;aumufwifajrmufcGifh Sdonf/
tcef; (7)
A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY
yk'rf - (47) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf A[dkaumifpDtzGJUrS vGJvQiftmPmtydkifqHk;jzpf or*\wm0ef0w&m;rsm;
ESihf ay:aygufvmaom or*EiS o
hf ufqikd o
f nfh jyem&yfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwfajzSi;f Ekid cf iG hf So
d nf/ vufatmufcH
or*rsm;\ vkyfief;&yfrsm;wGif yg0iftMuHPfay;jcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ vdktyfonfxifvQif
vHk;0wm0ef,l aqmifGufEkdifonf/
yk'rf - (48) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifESifh A[dkaumifpDtzGJUrS vGJtyfaom udpt
&yf
&yfudk jzpfajrmufatmif aqmifGuf&ef tzGJUtaeESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? tzGJU0ifwOD;csif;taeESifhaomfvnf;aumif;
wm0efSdap&rnf/
yk'fr- (49) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf atmufazmfjyygtwdkif; jzpfap&rnf/
(1) Ou|
(2) 'k-Ou|
(3) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
(4) b@ma&;rSL;
(5) tjcm; (10) OD;xufrydkaom tvkyftrIaqmifrsm;/
yk'fr- (50) Ou|ESifh A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;onf rnfonfhEkdifiHa&; ygwD\ wm0efcHtvkyftrIaqmifrsm;
rjzpfap&/
yk'rf - (51) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUwGif yg0ifEkdif&ef or*0iftjzpf tenf;qHk; wESpfoufwrf;Sdolom jzpfap&rnf/
rSwcf su-f A[dkor*rS todtrSwfjyKxm;aom w&m;0ifonfh or*cGJrsm;wGif or*0iftjzpf tenf;qHk;wESpf yg0ifbl;
olrsm;udk qdkvdkonf/
yk'rf - (52) A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ \ Ou|onf A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ 0iftjzpf tenf;qH;k trIaqmif oufwrf;
ukefqHk;atmif aqmifGufzl;oljzpf&rnf/
yk'rf - (53) A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmif tzGUJ 0ifwOD;OD; Ekwx
f u
G cf ahJ omf (odUk r[kw)f xkwyf ,fjcif;cHc&hJ aomf? xdv
k pfvyfaom
trIaqmifae&mtwGuf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu ,m,DcefYxm;EkdifcGifh Sdonf/
- 35 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
yk'rf - (54) A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ Ou|Ekwx
f u
G cf ahJ omf (odYk r[kw)f xkwyf ,fjcif;cHc&hJ aomf? Ekid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcH
obif\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh? if;zGJUpnf;cJhaom A[dktvkyftrIaqmifrSm rysufbJ qufvuf w&m;0ifonf[k
,lq&rnf/
yk'rf - (55) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf or*vkyfief;&yfrsm; wGifus,fap&eftwGuf tajctaet& XmecGJrsm;udk wdk;csJU
jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/
yk'rf - (56) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf or*ESifhywfoufaom enf;Oya'kH;vkyfief;ESifh oufqdkifaomenf;Oya'
t&yf&yfudk owfrSwfydkifcGifhSdonf/
yk'rf -(57) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf A[dkor*twGuf taxGaxG0efxrf;rsm;cefYxm;jcif;? xkwfy,fjcif;? if;wdkY
twGuf axmufyHhaMu;aiGrsm; owfrSwfjcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkifonf/
yk'fr- (58) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf or*ydkifypnf;tm;vHk;udk wm0ef,l xdef;xdrf;apmifhaSmuf&rnf/
yk'rf - (59) A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ onf or*vyk if ef;pOfrsm;twGuf pkaygif;acgif;aqmifrEI iS hf wGb
J ufwm0efcrH rI sm;
Sdap&rnf/
yk'rf - (60) A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ tpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh &ufow (2) ywfvQif wBudru
f s pnf;a0;&rnf/
yk'rf - (61) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifwOD;OD;onf? A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUtpnf;ta0;ac:,l&ef vdktyfonf[k
xifjrifvQif tjcm;A[dktvkyftrIaqmif (5) OD;\ vufrSwfa&;xdk;axmufcHcsufudk Ou|xH wifoGif;vQif Ou|u
A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ txl;tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,l&rnf/
yk'rf - (62) tpnf;ta0;ac:,lyikd cf iG t
hf mPmSo
d rl sm;rSm Ou|ESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;jzpfonf/ odYk &mwGif trsm;\
oabmwlnDrISd&rnf/
yk'rf - (63) omreftpnf;ta0;ESifh txl;tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif tzGJU0ifOD;a&xuf0uf wufa&muf ta&;ay:tpnf;
ta0;rsm; Ou|yg0ifaom tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0if (7) OD;wufa&mufvQif tpnf;ta0; jzpfajrmufonf/
yk'fr- (64) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;onf rnfonfhtcgrQ udk,fpm;vS,fapvGwf vnf;aumif;? pmjzifht
aMumif;Mum;vnf;aumif; qErJray;&/
yk'fr- (65) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf or*0if (9) OD;yg0ifaom twdkifyifcHtzGJUwckudk zGJUpnf; tMuHPf
rsm; ,l&rnf/
tcef; (8)
ckdifnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;
yk'fr- (66) ckdifnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh wESpfvQif wBudrfus ac:,lusif;y&rnf/
yk'rf - (67) txl;ckdifnDvmcHudk taMumif;xl;vHkavmufrISdu ckdiftvkyftrIaqmifujzpfap ckdifaumifpDujzpfap
ac:,lEidk o
f nf/ xdYk tjyifoufqikd &f mckid rf S or*cJG OD;a&oH;k yHw
k yHu
k oabmwl ac:qdck iG ahf wmif;vQif ckid t
f vkyt
f rI
aqmiftzGJUu &ufow (2) ywfBudKwif taMumif;Mum; ac:qdk&rnf/
yk'fr- (68) ESpfywfvnfckdifnDvmcHudk EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif rusif;yrDtwGif; A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU
- 36 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
taxGaxG twGif;a&rSL;\ GefMum;csuft& ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu BuD;rSL; usif;yxm;ESifhNyD;jzpfap&rnf/
yk'rf - (69) Ekid if v
H ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcHoYkd wufa&mufrnfh ckid rf u
S ,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk ckid t
f vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ u owfrw
S f
xm;onfh OD;a&twdkif; aG;aumufxm;&rnf/
yk'fr- (70) ckdifnDvmcHodkY udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf wufa&mufEkdifolrsm;rSm(1) ukefqHk;onfhESpftwGuf ckdifaumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;
(2) ukefqHk;onfhESpftwGuf ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;
(3) A[dkaumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfaom ckdife,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
(4) NrdKUe,for*ESifh NrdKUe,ftwGif;Sd or*cGJrsm;rS enf;vrf;wus aT;aumufapvTwfaom udk,fpm;
vS,frsm;
rSwcf su-f ckid n
f v
D mcHoUkd wufa&mufrnfu
h ,
kd pf m;vS,Of ;D a&udk ckid t
f vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ u owfrw
S yf ikd cf iG hf So
d nf/
yk'rf - (71) ckdifESpfywfvnfnDvmcHrS ckdifaumifpDudk zGJUpnf;rnf/ if;ckdifaumifpDwGif ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh
oufqdkif&mNrdKUe,f udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS if;wdkYoabmus aT;aumufwifajrmufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifap&
rnf/ NrdKUe,fwckvQif ckdifaumifpD0if( 4) OD; aG;wifEkdifonf/
yk'fr- (72) txufygtwdkif; aG;aumufwifajrmufvdkufaom ckdifaumifpDtzGJUonf ckdifnDvmcHtwGuf tqdk
aG;aumfrwDvnf;jzpf\/
yk'fr- (73) ckdifnDvmcHtqdkaG;aumfrwD tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU Ou|u obmywdESifh
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;u tusKd;aqmiftoD;oD; jzpfap&rnf/
yk'rf - (74) ckid n
f v
D mcHwiG f ckid o
f r*EiS ahf omfvnf;aumif;? ckid o
f r*\ vkyif ef;rsm;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;? ywfouf
aom ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;EkdifcGifhSdonf/ odkY&mwGif ar;vdkaomar;cGef;rsm;udk ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUodkY (7)
&ufBudKwif taMumif;Mum;xm;&rnf/
yk'fr- (75) ckdifnDvmcHwGif ckdifor*ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu wifjy&rnf/
yk'fr- (76) ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUopfudk ckdifnDvmcHrS tcef; (16) t& aG;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf/
tcef; ( 9)
ckdifaumifpDtzGJY
yk'fr- (77) tcef; (8)? yk'fr (71) t& zGJUpnf;onfh ckdifaumifpDonf ckdifnDvmcHrS vGJvQif tmPmtydkifqHk;aom
tzGJUjzpfonf/
yk'fr- (78)
(u) ckdifaumifpDtpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh wESpfvQif (2 ) Budrfusif;y&rnf/
(c) ta&;ay: ckdifaumifpDtpnf;ta0;udk taMumif;xl; tvHktavmufSdygu ac:,lusif;yEkdifonf/
(*) tpnf;ta0;ac:ydkifcGifhrSm- Ou|ESifh A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUom Sdonf/
(C) ckdifaumifpDtzGJU\ obmywdESifh tusKd;aqmifonf ckdiftvkyftrIaqmif\ Ou|ESifh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
toD;oD;jzpfap&rnf/
yk'rf - (79) ckdifaumifpDopf? ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh rNyD;jywfaom udp& yfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf vkyfaqmif
&rnf/
- 37 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
yk'rf - (80) ckid af umifpo
D nf ckid t
f rIaqmiftzGUJ 0if toD;oD;tm;vnf;aumif;? or*0if toD;oD;tm;vnf;aumif;?
tjypftavsmuf &mxl;rS ,m,Dcsxm;jcif;? xkwfy,fjcif;? &yfqdkif;jcif;? or*tjzpfrS ,m,D&yfpJjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfydkifcGifh
Sdonf/
yk'rf - (81) ckdifaumifpDonf ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0if wOD;OD;vpfvyfcJhaomf if;ae&mwGif yk*dKvftpm; cefYtyf
EkdifcGifhSdonf/
tcef; (10)
ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY
yk'rf - (82) ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrSm ckdifnDvmcHrS trsm;qEt&aG;aumufwifajrmufaom tzGJUjzpfap&rnf/
yk'fr- (83) ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/
(1) Ou|
(2) 'k-Ou|
(3) twGif;a&;rSL;
(4) b@ma&;rSL;
(5) tjcm; (12) OD;xufrydkaom trIaqmifrsm;
yk'fr- (84) ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf
(u) ckdifausmif;om;or*rsm;\ vkyfief;&yfrsm;wGif vHk;0wm0ef,l aqmifGuf&rnf/
(c) A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ \ ckid af usmif;om;or*vyk if ef;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmifu
G af y;jcif;? tultnD
ay;jcif;ESifh vHk;0wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifjcif;rsm;udk vufcH&rnf/
(*) kH;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS TefMum;aomvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmifGuf&rnf/
(C) or*cGJrsm;odkY A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS ay;ydkYaomTefMum;vTmrsm;udk rdwLrsm;jyKvkyf or*odkY
jzefUcsd&rnf/
(i) or*\pm&if;tif;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk BudKwiftaMumif;Mum; ppfaq;Ekdifonf/
yk'fr-(85) ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf or*\vkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif yg0ifaqmifGufEkdifonf/ vdktyfygu vHk;0
wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifEkdifonf/
tcef; (11)
NrdKYe,fnDvmcHtzGJY
yk'fr- (86)
(u) NrdKUe,fnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh wESpfvQifwBudrf ac:,lusif;y&rnf/
(c) NrdKUe,for*0ifrsm;\ oHk;yHkwyHku tpnf;ta0;ac:,l&ef awmif;qdkydkifcGifhSdonf/
yk'fr- (87) NrdKUe,fnDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*dKvfrsm; yg0ifap&rnf/
(u) ukefqHk;onfhESpftwGuf NrdKUe,faumifpDtzGJUrsm;
(c) ukefqHk;onfhESpftwGuf NrdKUe,ftvkyfrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;
(*) oufqdkif&mNrdKUe,frS ckdifaumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;
(C) NrdKUe,for*rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
yk'rf - (88) NrdKUe,for*\ ESpyf wfvnfnv
D mcHukd ckid n
f v
D mcH rusif;yrD NrdKUe,ftvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ \ qH;k jzwfcsuf
t&? twGif;a&;rSL;u ac:,lusif;y&rnf/
- 38 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
yk'fr- (89) NrdKUe,for*ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHwGif(1) NrdKUe,fnDvmcH wufa&mufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&udk NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwf
ay;onfhtwdkif; jzpfap&rnf/
(2) NrdKUe,faumifpDtzGJUudk zGJUpnf;&rnf/ if;wGif nDvmcHwufa&mufaom or*cGJwdkif;rS udk,fpm;vS,f
(2) OD;uspDESifh NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU yg0ifap&rnf/
(3) NrdKUe,ftvkyfrIaqmiftzGJUudk trsm;qEt& aG;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf/
(4) nDvmcHwGif NrdKUe,for* ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu wifjy&rnf/
(5) ckdifnDvmcHESifh EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHodkY wufa&mufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk aG;cs,fxm;&rnf/
tcef; (12)
NrdKYe,faumifpDtzGJY
yk'fr- (90) tcef; (11) yk'fr (89) tydk'fi,f (2) t& zGJUpnf;aom NrdKUe,faumifpDonf NrdKUe,fnDvmcHrSvJTvQif
tmPmydkiftzGJUjzpfonf/
yk'fr- (91) NrdKUe,faumifpDtwGuf tcef; (9)? yk'fr (78)? tydk'fi,f (u? c? *? C)? yk'fr (79)? (80) ESifh (81)
rsm;uJhodkY vkyfaqmifEkdifonf/
tcef; (13)
NrdKYe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY
yk'rf - (92) NrdKUe,ftvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ rSm NrdKUe,fnv
D mcHrS trsm;qEt& aG;aumufwifajrmufaom tzGUJ jzpf&rnf/
yk'fr- (93) NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUOD;a&rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/
(1) Ou|
(2) 'k-Ou|
(3) twGif;a&;rSL;
(4) b@ma&;rSL;
yk'fr- (94) NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUonf
(u) NrdKUe,for*vkyfief;&yfrsm;wGif vHk;0wm0ef,laqmifGuf&rnf/
(c) ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ NrdKUe,fausmif;om;or*vkyfief;&yfrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmifGufjcif;? tul
tnDay;jcif;ESifh vHk;0wm0ef,l aqmifGufjcif;rsm;udkvnf; cH&rnf/
(*) kH;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS TefMum;aomvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmifGuf&rnf/
(C) or*cGJrsm;odkY ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS ay;ydkYaom TefMum;vTmrsm;udk rdwLrsm;jyKvkyf or*cGJ
rsm;odkY jzefYcsd&rnf/
(i) or*cGJrsm;\ pm&if;tif;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk BudKwiftaMumif;Mum;cg ppfaq;Edkifonf/
(p) ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUodkY wvwBudrftpD&ifcHpmrsm; ay;ydkY&rnf/ tpD&ifcHpmwGif
(1) pnf;kH;rItiftm;
(2) vkyfief;pOft&yf&yf
(3) b@ma&;tajctaeESifh
(4) XmetoD;oD;rS tpD&ifcHpmrsm; yg0ifap&rnf/
yk'rf (95) NrdKUe,ftvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ pnf; vkyif ef;t&yf&yfwiG f yg0ifaqmifu
G Ef idk o
f nf/ vdt
k yfygu vH;k 0wm0ef,l
aqmifGufEkdifonf/
- 39 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
tcef; (14)
or*cGJnDvmcHtzGJY
yk'fr- (96) or*cGJnDvmcHudk or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJU\ qEt& ac:,lEkdifonf/ or*cGJrsm;rS or*0ifOD;a& oHk;yHk
wyHkuvnf; ac:,l&ef awmifqdkEkdifonf/
yk'fr- (97) or*cGJnDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*dKvfrsm; yg0ifap&rnf/
(u) or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJU
(c) NrdKUe,faumifpDwGif yg0ifaom oufqdkif&mor*rS aumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;
(*) twef;wm0efcHrsm;
(C) or*0ifrsm;/
yk'rf - (98) or*cJG ESpyf wfvnfnv
D mcHukd NrdKUe,fnv
D mcHrusif;yrD oufqikd &f mor*cJG trIaqmiftzGUJ \ qH;k jzwfcsuf
t& twGif;a&;rSL;u ac:,lusif;y&rnf/
yk'fr- (99) or*cGJ ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHwGif(1) NrdKUe,fESifhckdifnDvmcHrsm;odkY wufa&mufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk aG;cs,f&rnf/
(2) or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUopfudk trsm;qEtwdkif; tcef; (17) t& aG;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf/
(3) or*cGJ ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk trIaqmiftzGJUu wifjy&rnf/
tcef;- (15)
or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJY
yk'rf - (100) ckid v
f ;kH qdik &f mnDvmcHoYkd ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;apvTwaf om or*cw
JG ckonf NrdKUe,for*rw
S qifh ckid o
f r*
odkY qufoG,fxm;aom or*cGJjzpf&rnf/ xdkqufoG,fjcif;udk A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu todtrSwfjyKNyD;aomtcg
A[dkor*\w&m;0ifaom or*cGJwck jzpfvmonf/
yk'fr- (101) or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUrSm or*cGJnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;rS wifajrmufaomtzGJU jzpf&rnf/
yk'fr- (102) or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfap&rnf/
(1) Ou|
(2) 'k-Ou|
(3) twGif;a&;rSL;
(4) aiGxdef;
yk'fr- (103) or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUwGif twdkifyifcHrsm;? twef;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifap&rnf/ if;twef;
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk oufqdkif&mtwef;rS aG;aumufwifajrmufaom (odkYr[kwf) trnfwifoGif;aom twef;udk,f
pm;vS,frsm; jzpfap&rnf/
yk'rf - (104) or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUonf oufqdkif&mor*cGJSd or*0ifrsm;tm; or*XmecsKyf\ &nfG,fcsuf0g'ESifh
vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk em;vnfvdkufem aqmifGufap&ef wm0efSdonf/
yk'rf - (105) or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUonf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ TefMum;csufrsm;t& vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk aqmif
Guf&rnf/
yk'fr-(106) or*cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUonf- 40 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
(u) or*tcGJvkyfief;rsm;wGif wm0ef,laqmifGuf&rnf/
(c) NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS or*vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmifGuf
jcif;? tultnDay;jcif;ESifh vHk;0wm0ef,laqmifGufjcif;rsm;udk vufcH&rnf/
yk'rf - (107) or*cGJ\ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk or*cGJtrIaqmifrS twGif;a&;rSL;onf Ou|\ vufrSwfjzifh NrdKUe,ftvkyf
trIaqmiftzGJUESifh NrdKUe,frSwqifh ckdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUodkY wvwBudrf ay;ydkY&rnf/
yk'fr- (108) or*cGJ trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh &ufow (2) ywfvQif wBudrf usif;y&rnf/
tcef; (16)
or*b@ma&;
yk'rf - (109) or*ESifhXmecsKyf oufqdkifaom &efyHkaiGtm;vHk;udk or*XmecsKyftrnfjzifh A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu
aG;cs,faombPfwGif tyfESHxm;&rnf/
yk'fr- (110) or*cGJrsm;onf aumufcH&Sdaom ESpfpOfaMu;rsm;xJrS tcef; (2)? yk'fr (12)? tydk'fi,f (*) t&
oufqdkif&modkY qufaMu;ay;ydkY&rnf/
yk'fr- (111) or*cGJrsm;rS 0ifaiGtm;vHk;ESifh oD;oefYjy|mef;jcif; rSdaom tjcm;0ifaiGtm;vHk;udk omref&efyHkaiGxJodkY
xnfhoGif;&rnf/
yk'rf - (112) tvSLaiGrsm;?o'gaMu;rsm;? aiGw;kd rsm;ESihf ESppf OftoH;k p&dwrf S ydak omaiGrsm;teuf tenf;qH;k oH;k yHEk pS yf u
kH kd
oD;oefY&efyHkaiGtjzpf ajymif;vGJxm;&rnf/
yk'rf - (113) or*XmecsKyf\ kH;oHk;ypnf;rsm;? y&dabm*rsm; 0,f,ljcif;ESifh jyifqifjcif;rsm;rSty oD;oefY&efyHkaiGudk
A[dkaumifpDtzGJU? odkYr[kwf EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif\ qHk;jzwfcsufr&vQif roHk;&/
yk'rf - (114) Ekid if jH cm;odYk ynmawmfoif apvTwjf cif;? pHpk rf;Munfh aI &;tzGUJ rsm; apvTwjf cif;? ud,
k pf m;vS,f apvTwjf cif;
EkdifiHjcm;rS tzGJUtoD;oD;udk vufcHjcif;? taxGaxGtcrf;tem;ESifh {nfhcHjcif;wdkYtwGuf txl;&efyHkaiG jyKvkyfxm;&rnf/
yk'fr- (115) ta&;BuD;aomudprsm; ay:aygufvmaomtcg ta&;ay:&efyHkaiGtjzpf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu
pDrH aumufcHEkdifonf/
yk'rf - (116) b@ma&;rSL;onf oD;oefY&efyakH iG wd;k yGm;apjcif;iSm tvSLaiGEiS hf o'gaMu;aiGrsm; pm&if;udk rdrpd m&if;t&
zGifhxm;Ekdifonf/
yk'fr- (117) or*XmecsKyf\ 0ifaiGtoHk;pm&if;rsm;udk ppfaq;&ef A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu oifhavQmfaomol
wOD;OD;udk pm&if;ppftjzpf cefYxm;&rnf/
yk'rf - (118) ESpfpOf EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH rwdkifrD or*XmecsKyf\ 0ifaiGxGufaiGpm&if;rsm;udk pm&if;ppfu ppfaq;
&rnf/ ppfaq;NyD;aomtcg pm&if;rsm;udk pm&if;ppf\ tpD&ifcHpmESifhwuG EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif rwdkifrD
tenf;qHk; &ufowywf (2) ywf BudKwifNyD; A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUodkY b@ma&;rSL;u wifjy&rnf/ ESpfpOf
0ifaiGpm&if;Sif;wrf;ESifh pm&if;ppftpD&ifcHpmudk nDvmcHodkY wifjy&rnf/ b@ma&;tpD&ifcHpmwGif xnfhoGif;&rnf/
yk'fr- (119) or*XmecsKyfxm;aom aiGpm&if;ESifh toHk;pm&if;rsm;udk 'k-Ou|u ppfaq;&rnf/
yk'rf - (120) or*&efyakH iG wd;k yGm;a&;twGuf b@ma&;rSL;onf jyZmwfyk f iS yf rJG sm;udk tvSLcHjcif;? uyGrJ sm;usif;yjcif;
- 41 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
ESifh o'gaMu;rsm; aumufcHjcif;udk or*rsm;onf oufqdkif&m NrdKUe,fckdifrsm;wGif aumufcHEkdifcGifh Sdonf/
tcef; (17)
aG;aumufyGJrsm;
yk'rf - (121) aG;aumufyGJrsm;udk or*rsm;\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmtydkifqHk;aom ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHrsm;wGif usif;y
&rnf/
yk'fr- (122)
(u) aG;aumufyGJrsm;udk tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ Ou|a[mif;rsm;u OD;pD;&rnf/ tu,f Ou|a[mif;onf jyef
vnf aG;cs,fcHvdkaomf (odkYr[kwf) aG;yGJwGif ysufuGufcJhaomf qdkif&mor*rS wm0efvTJtyfaom yk*dKvfu aG;
aumufyGJ wm0efcHt&mSdtjzpf aqmifGuf&rnf/
(c) or*cGJrsm;wGif qErJay; aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif;ESifh trnfwifoGif;jcif; ESpf&yfteuf or*cGJu vdkvm;aom
enf;pepft& aG;aumufyGJudk jyKvkyf&rnf/
yk'rf - (123) aG;aumufyGJwGif qErJpm&if;rsm;udk pkaqmif;jcif;? rJpm&if;rsm;udk ppfaq;jcif;rSm aG;aumufyGJwm0efcH
t&mSd\ wm0efjzpfonf/
yk'rf - (124) aG;aumufyGJwm0efcH t&mSdonf aG;aumufyGJ usif;y&eftwGuf trIaqmif&mxl;vufrcHrnfh or*0if
(4) OD;udk orm"dvlBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYxm;cGifhSdonf/
yk'fr- (125) aG;aumufyGJwGif vGwfvyfpGmESifh vQKdU0Suf wdkufkdufrJay;aom pepfudk toHk;jyK&rnf/
yk'fr- (126) qdkif&mor*odkY ay;tyf&efSdaom aMu;aiGt&yf&yfudk ajyvnfatmif ray;oGif;aomolrsm;onf
aG;aumufyGJwGif taG;cHEdkifcGifh? tqdkwifoGif;EkdifcGifh? axmufcHEdkifcGifhrsm; rSdap&/
yk'rf - (127) taG;cHvo
kd l or*0ifwOD;onf tenf;qH;k qdik &f m or*0ifEpS Of ;D \ axmufccH suEf iS hf aG;aumufyw
JG m0efcH
t&mSdxHodkY taG;cHEkdifcGifhavQmufvTm wifoGif;&rnf/
yk'fr- (128) taG;cHEkdifcGifhavQmufvTm wpHkwckonf pnf;rsOf;t&? jznfhpGuf&ef vdktyfaom ta&;BuD;onfh tcsuf
tvufrsm;wGif jznfhpGufjcif; ysufuGufcJhaomf if;avQmufvTmudk y,fcs&rnf/
yk'fr- (129) or*0ifwOD;vQif wm0efcH&mxl;ae&m qErJwckxuf ydkray;Ekdif/
yk'rf - (130) wm0efcHwOD;vQif wm0efcH&mxl;ae&m ta&twGufxufydk taG;cHolrsm;cJhvQif rJta&twGuf tenf;
trsm;tvdu
k f wm0efc&H mxl; aG;cs,f&rnf/ rJqEiS w
f OD;onf taG;cHrnfo
h l wOD;twGuf wrJomay; ydik cf iG hf o
dS nf/
yk'fr- (131) aG;aumufyGJtwGuf oD;oefYxm;aom qErJyHkpHpmGufrsm;udk aG;aumufyGJ wm0efcHt&mSdu xkwfa0
&rnf/
yk'fr- (132) rnfonfhrJqESifrS udk,fpm;vS,fvTwf vnf;aumif;? pmjzifhtaMumif;Mum; vnf;aumif;? if;\
qErJay;ydkifcGifh rSd/
yk'fr- (133) qErJpm&if;udk aG;aumufyGJaeYwGifyif wm0efcHt&mSdonf orm"dvlBuD;rsm; aSUarSmuf ppfaq;
a&wGuf aG;aumufwifajrmufjcif; cH&olrsm;\ trnfpm&if;udk tjrefqHk;aMunm&rnf/
- 42 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
yk'rf - (134) qErt
J a&twGuEf iS hf ywfouf rauseyfcv
hJ Qif aG;aumufyt
JG rIaqmifukd vnf;aumif;? aMujimNyD;csderf S
(40) em&DtwGif; rJqESif (21) OD;\qEjzifh rJpm&if;ta&twGufudk MunfhIppfaq;Ekdifonf/
tcef; (18)
aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm;
yk'rf - (135) aEGausmif;ydw&f ufrsm;twGi;f trIaqmif(3) OD;xufrenf; qdik &f mor*\ k;H pdu
k &f mNrdKUrsm; use&f pfcv
hJ Qif
if;wdkYrSm aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm; jzpfap&rnf/
yk'rf - (136) aEGausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGif; trIaqmif (3) OD;xufenf; qdkif&mor*\ kH;pdkuf&mNrdKUrsm; usef&pf
cJv
h Qif vuft
dS vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ u ausmif;ydw&f ufrwdik rf D or*0ifrsm;xJrS or*\wm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk xrf;Guf
Ekdifrnfh or*0if (3) OD;tm; aEG&moDwm0efcHtjzpf cefYxm;&rnf/
yk'rf - (137) qdkif&mtrIaqmiftzGJUonf aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm;\ trnfrsm;udk aG;cs,fNyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf aMunm
&rnf/
yk'rf - (138) aEG&moDwm0efcrH sm;onf b@ma&;XmerSty trIaqmiftzGUJ \ aqmifu
G q
f v
J yk if ef;rsm;ESihf wm0efrsm;udk
vufcH&rnf/
yk'fr- (139) aEG&moDwm0efrsm;onf(u) trIaqmiftzGJUu vTJtyfaom wm0ef0w&m;rsm;ESifh kH;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmifGuf&efomjzpfonf/
(c) or*wckvHk;ESifhomqdkifaom vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk qHk;jzwfajzSif; aqmifGufydkifcGifh rSdap&/
yk'rf - (140) pnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (18)? yk'rf (139)? tyd'k if ,f (c) ESihf oufqikd af om ta&;rsm;ay:aygufvmcJah omf
aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm;onf trIaqmiftzGJUudk jyefvnfac:,l wm0ef0w&m;rsm;udk jyefvnftyfESif;&rnf/
yk'rf - (141) b@ma&;rSL;onf ausmif;ydw&f ufrsm;wGif qdik &f mNrdKUrScd ahJ omf tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ rS oabmwlncD suf
udk &,l oifhavsmf ,HkMunfpdwfcs&aom trIaqmifwOD;OD;udk aEG&moDwm0efcHtjzpf cefYxm;cJhNyD;vQif rdrdwm0ef
0w&m;rsm;udk vTJtyfcJh&rnf/
yk'rf - (142) ausmif;jyefzGifh trIaqmifa[mif;rsm; jyefvnfa&mufSdaomtcg aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm;u or*wm0ef
0w&m;rsm;udk jyefvnftyfESif;&rnf/
tcef; (19)
enf;Oya'ESifU bdkifavmrsm;
yk'fr- (143) or*tkyfcsKyfyHk pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk rlwnf if;Oya'ESifh bdkifavmrsm;udk or*toD;oD;wdkY usifhoHk;
aqmifGufEkdifcGifhESifh usifhxHk;wdkY twlwljzpfapEdkif&eftwGuf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu jy|mef;Ekdifonf/
yk'fr- (144) enf;Oya'udk jy|mef;&mwGifvnf;aumif;? jyifqif&mwGifvnf;aumif;? jznfhpGuf&mwGifvnf;aumif;?
xkwfy,f&mwGifvnf;aumif; EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifuom jyKvkyfEkdifonf/
yk'fr- (145) enf;Oya'udk ,m,Djy|mef;jcif;? ,m,DjznfhpGuf xkwfy,fjcif;rsm;udk A[dkaumifpDu jyKvkyfydkifcGifh
tmPmrsm;Sdonf/
- 43 -
aemufqufwGJ (31)
ordkif;0ifpmGufpmwrf;rsm;
- 44 -
- 1 -
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- 8 -
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- 14 -
No. BC/3/57
10 January 1957
Dear Friend,
In accordance with the suggestions made at the Regional
Conference of Non-Governmental Organizations held in Colombo
that more material relating to the United Nations should be
made available in national languages, we are commencing
production of radio programmes in Burmese. The attached press
release will give you full information on this.
Yours sincerely,
Eugenio Soler-Alonso
DIRECTOR
rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnfdkufESdyfazmfjyonf/
- 15 -
The President,
University of Rangoon Students Union,
Rangoon.
Dear Sir,
The University of Malaya Historical Society is making a
Goodwill and study Tour of Burma between July and August this
year. The party comprising thirty students, including three
ladies, will leave for Rangoon on July 6th. They will return
from Rangoon on Aug. 7th after a months tour of the country.
Thus far we have been in touch with members of the staff
of the University of Rangoon who are helping us with our
arrangements, in particular Dr. Kyaw Thet of the Dept. of Far
Eastern History. We have also written to Dr. Ba Nyunt.
As one of the objects of this tour is to foster goodwill
and understanding among students of different nationalities
it is our hope that you will assist us meet students
informally beside the help you could give us as one student
organisation to another.
At this stage we are faced with the problem of finding
accommodation for the duration of our stay in Rangoon (July 9
to July 13; Aug 5 to Aug 7). I have been asked to write to
you by the Consul of the Union of Burma in Singapore
regarding this. He is also making other necessary
arrangements through the Burmese Foreign Office.
I would much appreciate it therefore, if you could
suggest suitable alternative accommodation since I have been
informed that the University hostels will be fully occupied
at that time. As regards accommodation at the other towns on
our itinerary, I have written to the Director of Public
Instruction.
I enclose herewith the tentative itinerary of our tour;
dates of arrival and departure given are only approximate. I
must before closing
- 16 -
-2-
apologise for writing so late.

Thanking you,
Yours Faithfully,
(K. RAMANUJAM)
Hon. Secretary
Historical Society
University of Malaya
c.c. to
Dr. Kyaw Thet,

Dept. of Far Eastern History,
University of Rangoon.
- 17 -
- 18 -
- 19 -
Enclosure
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- 21 -
....
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- 25 -
SITUATION OF HUNGARIAN STUDENTS

REPORTS FROM INTERNATIONALORGANISATIONS (CONTINUED)
PAX ROMANA
In a special circular dates November 12, 1956, Pax Romana Published
the following appeal which had just been received from Budapest. The
appeal was due to have been broadcast on Radio Danapentele on November
8, 1956, according to Pax
Romana.
Budapest, 7 November, 1956.
APPEAL TO THE STUDENTS OF THE FREE WORLD
We, the Hungarian students call on the students of the Free World to
come to our aid in our calamitous situation. Do not let the Hungarian
drama be forgotten nor clouded by time. We call on you, students of the
Free World to demand:
1. An economic boycott of the Soviet Union. No one must buy Russian
products. Also, industrialists and businessmen must refuse to
buy or sell Russian raw materials, finished products or byproducts.
2. All sporting events with Soviets should be cancelled immediately.
The youth of Free World should not participate actively nor as
spectators in any sporting events in which Russian sportsmen take
part.
3.The sending or a United Nations Police Force to Hungary.
The Hungarian nation does not believe one word spoken by the Soviets.
The general strike continues. Nobody believes the promise given, that
if the people resume work, the Russians will leave Hungary.
In the last few days of our fight for Freedom, more than 12,000 young
people, both men and women, and many thousands of men and women workers
have died a heros death.
WE CALL ON THE YOUTH OF THE FREE WORLD TO SHOW THEIR SOLIDARITY WITH
US.
DO NOT DESERT US.
S.O.S.
S.O.S.
The Revolutionary Committee of the Hungarian Youth
(PAX ROMANA)
WORLD ASSEMBLY OF YOUTH

WAY issued the following circular on November 12, 1956:
The President of WAY, Antoine Lawrence, launched an appeal to all
National Committees on October 30th in which he asked for complete
cooperation by National Committees with National Red Cross group
units to aid the Hungarian insurgents.
After the change of the political situation in Hungary the Bureau
of WAY sent a cable on November 7th to the Secretary General of
the United Nations. This Cable is as follows:
- 26 -
THE WORLD ASSEMBLY OF YOUTH PROTESTS AGAINST BRUTAL RUSSIAN ARMY

SUPPRESSION OF HUNGARIAN YOUTH AND PEOPLE STOP WAY INDENTIFIED
WITH STRUGGLE OF HUNGARIAN YOUTH FOR FREEDOM AND RIGHT OF SELFDETERMINATION SUPPORTS U.N. GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECISION AND LOOKS
TOWARDS U.N. TO ASSIST HUNGARIAN PEOPLE IN TIME OF NEED.
On November 8th, as a result of the urgent appeal sent to the fiftytwo Nation Committees of WAY throughout the world, WAY raised the
equivalents of $ 2000 to be given to the Hungarian people.
In order to complete the action taken by WAY on the international
developments over the past two weeks, we would like to quote a cable
sent by WAY to the U.N Secretary General.
WAY GIVES PROFOUND THANKSGIVING TO U.N. SECRETARY GENERAL ON
IMPLEMENTATION OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECISION FOR CEASE FIRE IN
EGYPT AND PRESERVATION OF PEACS AND U.N. CHARTER.
(WAY)
WORLD UNIVERSITY SERVICE
The latest circular, dated November 19, 1956, from WUS international
headquarters in Geneva read as follows:
Reporting from Vienna this afternoon, Mr. Hans Dall tells us that
150 Hungarian students are now housed in the hostel in Vienna. A
load of beds is on route from Denmark, and will make it possible
to house another 150-200.
For the present, their is pressing need for more clothing, but
books in Hungarian and dictionaries are urgently requested.
The Austrian government estimates that there were another 200
students among the refugee was entered Austria last week.
The British Council for Aid to Refugees has entrusted the British
WUS Committee with the coordination of all office for the
resettlement of students among the Hungarian refugees to be
received in Britain. A special Coordinating Committee is being
set up by WUS in conjunction with the National Union of Students
and all major associations concerned with higher education.
The International Association of University Professors and Lecturers
is establishing contact with Hungarian university teachers in
Austria. The Society for the Protection of Science and Learning
has offered funds and assistance to refugee professors and
lecturers.
The American WUS Committee is making a special for scholarship
and resettlement offers for Hungarian students.
The French government, in collaboration with universities and
voluntary agencies, has expressed its willingness to receive up
to 600 Hungarian students.
Over and above the offers already made from Switzerland, there is
a possibility of receiving and housing, as a group, a further 100
or 150 Hungarian students.
- 27 -
SITUATION OF HUNGARIAN STUDENTS

REPORTS FROM NATION UNIONS (CONTINUED)
C A N A D A
The National Federation of Canadian University Students has issued the
following statement:
Since the coup detat in Czechoslovakia in 1948 relations between the
students of Canada and the students Hungary have been confined to infrequent
and sometimes unfriendly meetings at the Conferences of the Communistdominated International Union of Students.
Canadian students have never ceased to hope that conditions would alter
and that more normal and friendly relations would be established. During
recent days as the confused reports came in from Hungary this hope was
raised high. Unfortunately the high hope is no more and our first feeling
is one of sorrow at the fate of our fellow student in Budapest and other
Hungarian cities. Their bravery against overwhelming speaks more eloquently
than polemics in which we might engage.
Although the recent aspiration of Hungarian students seem for the time
being to have been crushed we nevertheless cherish the hope that it will
be possible to establish more friendly relations. Canadian students extend
to their Hungarian fellows, in their darkest hour, the hand of friendship,
and assures then that they ever ready to enter into free and friendly
relations on the basis of respect for each others national independence
and sovereignty.
(NFCUS)
L E B A N O N
The Secretariat has received the following cable singed by the Union
Nationale des Etudiants Universitaires au Liban:
The Arab Students Regional Organisation protests with force against the
aggression of the Soviet Army which has attempted by iron and fire to
stifle the cries of innocent Hungarian students eager for liberty. Such
colonialists, barbaric means will never succeed in eclipsing the sun of
emancipation which rises on these oppressed people.
(UNEUL)
N O R W A Y
The following information has been received from NSS about the development
of the actions for Hungary in Norway.
This morning the first (Hungarian) refugee student arrived by plane from
Vienna. She is 23, from Gyr, has passed her matriculation degree (Abitur),
but was not admitted at the university in her own country because of nonproletarian origin. She fled when the Russians came, and in Vienna she
seems by chance to have met the representative of the Norwegian Refugee
Council there, who invited her to come to us to study . . . . . . . .
Saturday last ,student restaurants in Oslo had herring on the menu instead
of meat which they ordinarily have, and we got the balance, kr.1200 ( 60),
for the students relief project. On Friday a three-days subscription of
5 kr. from each student is starting. The Oslo students were following up
very successfully in their Give one day action by other universities,
training college, secondary schools and so on, and we hope to get a part
of these proceeds . . . . . . . . Our plan is to invited 10 students, pay
all their expense the first year, and then the State Loan Fund is willing
rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnfdkufESdyfazmfjyonf/ - 28 -
to take over by granting loans to the refugees on the same terms as those
being for our own students.
(NSS)
U N I O N
O F
S O U T H
A F R A I C A
The National Union of South Africa Students issued the following statement
to the press on 13 November, 1956.
The Nation Union of South Africa has been following with anxiety the recent
events in Hungary.
It has come to our attention that course of the disturbances, students
actively engaged in the struggle for their freedom and that of their
universities have been made to suffer grievously as a result of military
and police action.
The National Union has for some time been of the opinion that all students
living in the totalitarian countries of Eastern Europe have been deprived
of fundamental academic freedom and the most elementary of student rights.
The view has been confirm by statement from leading academicians and
student leaders in Hungary by a call which we received from the staff of
the University of Szged.
It is a matter for deep regret that it has now become apparent that the
efforts of the students have been of no avail, and that their determined
actions have been taken at so great a cost.
The above statement was circulated to Students Representative Councils in
South Africa with a request from the NUSAS President, E.K. Wentzel, and
Vice President for International Relations, J. Ruban. to assist those
students who suffered as a result of military bombardment and police
actions. NUSAS asked that students donate to cash sums which may be used
by those distributing relief in whatever manner is most necessary.
(NUSAS)
W E S T
I N D I E S
The Guild of Undergraduates of the College of the West Indies issued the
following statement on November 9, 1956:
The Guild of Undergraduates wishes to express its sincerest sympathy and
complete solidarity with the students of Hungary in your fight to secure
our legitimate rights.
We believe that student have the right to establish and organise democratic
student government empowered to act within its constitution, without any
control of interference from the state. We believe in the autonomy of
Universities as centers of learning and research where enquiry for knowledge
can be pursued in an atmosphere of academic freedom, of students right to
express opinion on the development of their country and to obtain an
education in keeping with their aptitudes and interests.
It is our fervent hope that suppression of students will cease immediately,
your demands will be satisfied, and your former rights restored. We are
fully prepared to give you any possible form of assistance, and will in the
meanwhile give extensive publicity in our country to your struggle. We
shall be pleased to receive any further information you can offer.
(Guild of Undergraduates)
- 29 -
COORDINATION COMMITTEE
International Relief for Hungarian Students
PROGRESS REPORT
As you will be aware a Coordinating Committee for

International Relief for Hungarian Students was set up as a result of
the conference attended by 13 National Unions of Students, WUS and
COSEC, which took place in Vienna November 10-11. The Committee,
which consists of the Austrian National Union of Students (OH), WUS
and COSEC, has two aims, to give immediate aid to Hungarian students
who are in need, and to convey to them the fullest possible
information on scholarships, which are offer to Hungarian refugee
students and to help them in any other way to pursue their studies.
The Committee has been working for one week now and is pleased
to present this report on its activities and on the current situation
regarding Hungarian students.
At the moment there are between 1200 and 1300 Hungarian refugee
students in Austria. It has not been possible to establish contacts
with students in Hungary in the past week, therefore the Committee
has concentrated on the work which could be done in Austria. About
400 of these 1200 students are living in one camp near Salzburg, St.
Wolfgang, all coming from the same University (Hochschule) in
Hungary. The rest of the students were when the Committee started its
work scattered in many different camps. The Committee felt that it
was essential in order to give efficient aid to register all these
students as quickly as possible and to gather all those who wish, in
one camp. To reach the first aim the Committee has distributed to all
refugee camps postcards printed in Hungarian asking for eight basic
points of information, which the camp authorities give to students.
These cards are returned free of charge to the committee. Furthermore
a detailed questionnaire on basis of the WUS Curriculum Vitae has
been prepared which the Hungarian students fill out when the
Committee contacts them after having received the postcards.
To reach the second aim, to gather the students in one place,
the Committee has succeded in obtaining a house in Vienna with a
capacity of 300-350 beds. The Austrian Government has recognised this
home as an official refugee camp and will, therefore, pay for the
food for the students living there. The camp which was opened
Saturday, November 17, took in 50 students the first day, the same
number to be received daily until the camp is full. At the moment,
though, it has not been possible to have all the beds promised by the
International Red Cross. The Committee is in contact with the
important international agencies which are working in Vienna to help
the Hungarians.
In order to give the students the required information about
scholarships the Committee is in contact with official authorities
from England, France, Canada and Germany and local authorities and
- 30 -
student organisations in Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland and

USA. A lack of contact is felt though with some of the National
Unions, which participated in the above-mentioned conference. The
Committee appeals to all National Unions of Students to send all
information about study possibilities in their countries to its
address immediately. All transport to another country from Austria
and from third to a fourth country if necessary will be paid by the
International Committee for European Migration (ICEM).
The Committee has been able to provide the students with
clothes from the supplies received from certain National Unions.
Clothes already collected by NUSs. but not sent yet, should be sent
as soon as possibles. It is the Committees opinion that now
collections of clothes are not necessary for the moment.
Financial support for the student home is urgently needed. Such
funds should be sent to WUS, Geneva, or directly to the Committee.
Furthermore blankets, sheets, soap, towels, pillows, books
(Hungarians if possible, otherwise illustrated magazines),
cigarettes, chocolate, tea, cocoa, coffee, marmalade are needed. The
donors should inform the Committee before goods are shipped, and if
the transport is by train the numbers of the wagons should be sent to
the Committee.
The administrative costs of the Committee are at the moment
being covered by a donation from the Danish National Union of
Students. It is our hope that the National Unions will help the
Committee in the work by keeping the closest possible contact and by
providing information on individual actions, study possibilities etc.
Vienna, Austria, November 19, 1956.
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- 32 -
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DISZ OF HUNGARY
The name of the Union of Working Youth of Hungary (DISZ) has

figured prominently in reports of recent events in Hungary of which
the formation of student organisations independent from the DISZ was
one feature. As a consequence, the Secretariat has received a number
of requests for information with regard to the structure and
functions of the DISZ, the Student Section of which has in the
past been regarded as the national student organisation in Hungary.
During his visit to Budapest at the end of the June, 1956, the
Admistrative Secretary had discussion with offices of the DISZ and
was presented with a French copy of its Constitution. This document
was distributed in the original language to the participants at the
International Student Conference in Ceylon. On the basis of the
Constitution the following summery of the structure and functions of
the Union of Working Youth has been prepared.
There is no separate student organisation in Hungary. There is
an overall youth organisation, constitutionally bound to the
Hungarian Workers Party (the Hungarian Communist Party).There is a
Student Section within the administrative structure, but not within
the membership, and no national student meeting are held at which
policy decisions are taken.
The aims and objects of the organisation are summarised in
Clauses 2 and 3 of the Constitution which read:
1.
The Union of Working Youth (DISZ) is the reserve of the party

and its auxiliary in all aspects of the building of socialism,
the DIZS operates under immediate direction of the Hungarian
Workers Party: the resolutions of the Party are obligatory for
the DISZ. According to the principle of regional division, the
organisation of the DISZ are directed by the appropriate
organs and committee of the party. The Central Committee of the
DISZ is directly subordinate to the Central Committee of the
Party.
2.
The task of the DISZ consists in preparing its members to

become mamber of the Party. The highest honour which can be
obtained by a member of the DISZ is to become a member of the
Hungarian Workers Party.
3.
The DISZ supports in all its work the victorious doctrine of

maxist-leninism. The DIZS is the heir to the progressive
traditions of the revolutionary youth of 1848 and 1919, which
it continues. Its considers the Union of Young Communist
Workers of Hungary as its predecessor and applies in its work
the fighting experiences of the Union. It takes its example
from the leninist Komsomol, first rank fighter of the
international movement of progressive youth.
- 33 -
According to Clause 4,the Union of Working Youth in the spirit

of socialist patriotism and proletarian internationalism developes
in the youth an unshakable faith in the socialist Soviet Union,
liberator of our country, whose continual and friendly aid is the
gauge of our national independence, whose results we have obtained,
and of our peace. The Union maintains friendship between the
countries of the Peoples Democracies and teaches the youth to
support the struggle of the progressive youth of the world, to
appreciate the progressive national culture of other peoples of the
world and to hate the enemies of our country and our people.
The organisation is composed of individual units in factories,
business firms, the armed force, agricultural machinery situation,
agricultural cooperatives, State industries, educational
institutions, communes, administrations, local districts of at least
3 members of the DISZ.(Clause 29). (A later sector of the
Constitution is the devoted specifically to the organisations of the
Union of Working Youth in the Hungarian Peoples Army and in the
Armed formations of the Ministry of the Interior. (Clauses 34 to
36).
These units all form parts of regional grouping within the
framework of the Union. The constitution of each unit has to be
approved by The Executive Committee of the Union at a higher level
(Clauses 29). All groups are subject to decisions of the Central
Committee, the principle basis of the Union being democratic
centralism (Clause 9).
The Central Committee is responsible for the direction of the
Union between meetings of the Congress which are held every three
years. It was the Central Committee which decided on the question of
the invitation to the Sixth International Student Conference. The
Student Section and other sections are nominated by the Central
Committee: there is no specific mention of a Student Section in the
Constitution. All units of the Union (in the university institutions,
inter alia) operate under the directions of the Central Committee
(Clause 17) and when justified, the Central Committee has the right
to annul the elections of any or all of the name of any committee
(Clause 26).
In essence, the university student groups form local units
within the framework of the overall youth organisation. The youth
organisation is controlled by the Central Committee, which, for
administrative purposes, has a student section. The Central Committee
is directly subordinate to the Central Committee of the Hungarian
Workers Party.
Copies of the full Constitution can be obtained from the
Secretariat on request. The original supplied by the DISZ is in
French but translation are available in English and Spanish.
- 34 -
- 35 -
- 2 to the crowds, and in particular to young people at the universities.

The young people began to organise. They held meetings and
demanded their rights. Their demands at first remained within bounds
of university life - that Russian should be taken off the time table
as a compulsory language, and the number of compulsory classes
decreased, for example.
But changes in Poland and changes in the country itself
(rehabilitation of Rajk and others) encouraged them to come forward
with more radical demands: - withdrawal of Russian troops from the
country; open trial of Mihaly Farkas and his son. These demands were
no longer within the bounds of university life, but expressed the
will of the whole nation.
Among them was the demand to discontinue the norm and that of
compulsory contributions. With these they were able to recruit the
support of both the workers and the peasantry. Not only in Budapest,
but also in country places university students became organised and
at times they were more successful in the country.
Thus the university students of Szeged were the first to
withdraw from the then existing youth organisation, the DISZ and
this decision was of the greatest importance. The DISZ was, as it
were, the organ which aimed to educate young people at universities
in the Communist spirit and was recognised by the Communists
themselves as the gold-stock of the Party. Through it they tried
to mobilise and use young people in the interest of the Party. But,
the withdrawal from the DISZ had one aspect of even greater
significance.
In Hungary only children of working-class or peasant origin
were admitted to universities and these made up 80-90% of members.
Higher education was given only to young people whom it was felt
could be trusted. These then were the people enjoying to the greatest
extent the support of the State, and yet it was they who turned
against the existing regime. The Communists wished to cover up this
fact as it meant the complete failure of their rule - young people
they had trusted most had turned against them! They had been children
when the Soviet liberation came, for 12 years were raised in the
Communist spirit, were spoon-fed with its propaganda and yet they
rose to be rid of its oppressing yoke.
They had never known the real meaning of freedom; it had been
carefully hidden away. An airtight wall had shut them off from the
West. They had been raised in a cage, but now they wanted to break
loose of it; they wanted to find the freedom they so fervently
desired
- 36 -
- 3 and which had been so far denied them. They proved to Communists that
no propaganda whatsoever quench the thirst for freedom.
Following the example of the university youth in Szeged, one by
one, students in Budapest and elsewhere withdrew from membership of
the DISZ and formed the MEFESZ (Union of Hungarian University and
other tertiary students). This organisation was no longer to act as
the mouthpiece of Communism but to take up the interests of young
people at universities.
Events then moved quickly:
22 October: The students agree to approach the government and
organise a silent demonstration for 23 October. That night they paste
leaflets listing their demands on house walls in Budapest.
23 October: Groups loiter in the streets reading the students
declarations. Murmurs of approval are heard from the crowd.
The demonstration is scheduled for 2 p.m. At 1p.m. the Minister
of Internal Affairs withdrawn permission. Students send a deputation
to Broadcasting House and call upon the Minister of the Interior to
withdraw his statement. At 2 p.m. the Minister gives permission for
the demonstration. Thousands of students now make their way along
both sides of the Danube to Bem Joseph square situated in Buda. Here
the two processions meet, those from Pest passing through the inner
city. Along the route people everywhere raise the Hungarian flag. At
Bem joseph square, the students demand the Kossuth emblem and
soldiers of the army barracks standing in this square bring it out,
asking the crowd for cockades and joining the students to walk back
with them to Pest and the Parliamentary building. Meanwhile the
slogans of the crowd become more and more radical in character. The
most popular is Down with Ger ( Gero was then Prime Minister).
The crowd become denser and denser until it is 60 - 70,000
strong as it reaches the Parliamentary building. As leader of the
crowd, we first talk to them; then we demand that Imre Nagy talk,
since the masses have previously insisted he should be the leader of
the country. Students are promised their demands will be fulfilled
and it is declared on behalf of the government that Ger will give a
radio-speech. At 8p.m. Ger denounce us in his broadcast as fascist
hands and threatens punishment. At that moment Russian tanks are
already on their way to Budapest. Gers speech fill the people with
rage and they march along Stalin Road towards Stalin square to
destroy the Stalin monument. Another crowd makes its way towards
Broadcasting House to announce its 15 point proclamation. While the
crowd in Stalin square pulls down the
- 37 -
- 4 statue, these in Broadcasting House fire the first shot. And the
students demand printing of their 15 points the AVO (secret police)
open fire on them. This firing marks the beginning of the revolution,
and with arms obtained from the soldiers, students besiege
Broadcasting House. As soon as the crowds gathered on Stalin square
learn of the shooting, they disarm all soldiers in town and march to
the army barracks where the soldiers hand them arms.
This fact was also of prime importance. The police and the
armed forces whose task it was to protect the government, sided with
the people, and after all they were of the people. That night,
fighting started in Budapest. At first the army remained passive but
when Soviet tanks appeared the next day, they openly sided with the
people and began a fight of life or death.
The Soviet troops were supported by the AVO whose members have
even less regard for human life than the Russians, but I shall not
digress here is details have been given in the newspapers. Every
person who possessed arms or could obtain them, took part in the
fighting - soldiers, civilians, women and even children. To replenish
their ammunition the AVO use ambulances car to obtain protection and
then even fired at the ambulance personnel. Doctors were fired upon
and the streets littered with dead bodies and hospital packed so that
wounded lay on the floors. In the street, people queuing for bread
were fired upon with machine-guns and artillery. The peoples
ammunition was running out, but in spite of this, the revolution was
approaching a victorious end.
The government changed and Imre Nagy became Prime Minister
taking the place of Ger in the Cabinet. New people filled
ministerial seats and among them the despicable traitor Jnos Kdr
who had been a political prisoners under the Rakosi regime.
The government asked the Russians to withdraw their troops from
Budapest. Revolutionary committees were being formed and power was
now in their hands.
In the town itself there was chaos . A number of revolutionary
committees were at wars, the most powerful of which was the committee
of Hungarian intellectuals and it was this committee which had the
greatest influence over the population. Gradually the fighting
stopped, though here and there it continued against small scattered
groups of the AVO. Complete victory was nearly ours when the
insidious Russian intervention began.
Pretending to secure the withdrawal of Russian troops, they
occupied commune then lines between Budapest and Zahony. They
occupied the
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- 5 airfields and all the other important points. Soviet tanks poured in
from Rumania, until a threefold ring encircled Budapest. The Soviet
attacked on 3 November.
It was historys most treacherous attack against a handful of
people fighting for their freedom in the middle of Europe.
The Soviet troops had a crushing superiority over the poorly
equipped Hungarian army. You all knew the rest.
Hungary has become one huge battlefield. There is ruin and
annihilation everywhere yet the people continue still their desperate
fight and will continue as long as they have weapons.
But rather let us consider what this revolution has taught us,
as it will be important for all countries and also for members of the
Communist Party in these countries.
In the first place, Communist policy has dropped its veil and
shown its real face. Soviet propaganda which has always been shouting
for peace and denouncing imperialism has not refrained from
insidiously attacking a small nation engaged in desperate fight for
its freedom. This must discredit the Soviet for ever in the eyes of
the world. Of added significance also is the fact that in the cases
of Korea and Vietnam, the Soviet Union declared the break-down of
capitalism had started when these countries broke the chain of
capitalistic oppression; but here we are with a country in the very
centre of Europe which wishes to break away from the Communist chain
after 12 years of propaganda. If the revolution successes, it will
serve as an example for all other democracies as well, for there have
been demonstrations in Rumania too. And to use the Soviet Unions own
phraseology: thus also the collapse of Communism has made a
beginning.
It was only to be expected for nations have always wanted
freedom and stills want it today, you will always want it even in the
face of oppression. And sooner or later, the world will have to
submit to the will of the millions of people fighting for their
freedom.
Hungary is not lost and shall not be lost, however small it may
be compared to the Soviet Union, for it has found many friends
throughout the world, such friends as sympathise with the fate of
this small Hungarian nation, still fighting for its freedom.
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Students and the Hungarian Revolution
The following matrices of photographs are available and

will be sent to any student publication requesting them.
There is no charge for the service. Write to the Coordinating
Secretariat, Post Box 36, Leiden, Netherlands, or cable:
COSEC LEIDEN.
CAPTIONS FOR MATRICES
Please request matrices by number
N 1
Hungarian refugees on arrival at transit centre at

Traeskirchen, near Vienna, after being brought in
lorries and coaches from the point where they crossed
the frontier into Austria. Students among these groups
are picked out at Registration for special attention by
the Austrian National Union of Students and other
volunteer student helpers.
N 2
Where do we go next? - In crowded accommodation at

Traeskirchen transit center Hungarian students and their
young refugee discuss that the future might have in
store.
N 3
Half the Hungarian student refugees came from one

University and School of Agriculture at Sopron, near the
Austrian border. Together with their Rector and other
faculty members they have been given free one of a
former womens domestic science and commercial training
college at St. Wolfgang, near Salzburg, where they have
resumed coop rate university life. The picture shows
Sopron students outside one of their new university
buldings.
PLEASE CREDIT THESE PHOTOS TO COSEC

For futher information, please contact COSEC
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SUPPORT FOR HUGARIAN STUDENTS

Since the original Hungarian uprising on October 23, initiated
largely by students of Budapest, students the world over have taken
part in one of the greatest expressions of solidarity ever accorded
on the international level to any action.
Unprecedented sums of money have been raised virtually over
night by National Unions of Students. For example, the Union in
Danmark collected DKr 90,000 ( 4,500, $ 12,600) in three days, in
Finland 2.5 million Finmark. ( 3,750, $ 10,500), in Holland Dfl
155,000 ( 14,500, $42,000) and in Sweden DKr 80, 000 ( 5,700,
$16,000) at a single student meeting. Students also donated large
sums for Hungarian students relief in England, France, Germany,
Norway, Scotland, South Africa, Switzerland and the United States,
among other countries.
There were expressions of students solidarity with Hungarian
students, including demonstrations at Soviet embassies, in Argentina,
Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Sweden and Switzerland,
to name the most prominent.
Official statements of support for Hungarian student demands
for academic freedom and university autonomy have been issued by
representatives National Unions of Students in every area of the
globe, including Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Holland, Indonesia, Italy, Lebanon, Mexico, Norway, Scotland, South
Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, United States, Vietnam, and the West
Indies. Support has been expressed by a number of international
university and student organisations including Pax Romana
(International Movement of Catholic Students and its graduate
partner), World University Service and the World Assembly of Youth.
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- 2 In response to requests and following the initiatives of

National Unions of Students, the Coordinating Secretariat of National
Unions of Students (COSEC, Leiden, Netherlands) called a meeting of
National Unions in Vienna, with the Austrian National Union as host,
on November 10 and 11, to discuss the coordination of relief efforts
for Hungarian students. Fourteen National Unions of Students were
represented at the meeting. Its result was the establishment of a
Coordinating Committee composed of representatives of the Austrian
National Union of Students, World University Service, and the
Coordinating Secretariat.
This Coordinating Committee has been functioning since that
time in Vienna in an affort to provide immediate aid for Hungarian
refugee students in Austria - accommodation, clothing, food, books,
medicine - and to coordinate long term scholarship opportunities for
the students.
The Coordinating Committee reported on November 14 that some
1,300 Hungarian refugee students were in Austria. Since that time,
the Committee believes that the number has been more than doubled by
students fleeing from the fear of deportation of young people to the
Soviet Union. The latest estimate stand at around 3,000 and the
influx of student refugees continued.
Preliminary registration cards for almost 2,000 Hungarian
students have been collected by the Committee and complete curriculum
vitae for about 700 of these. The Committee reports that about 400
students have been accommodated at St. Wolfgang, Austria and about
300 in Graz, Austria and that a hostel accommodating up to 500
students in Vienna and another for about 120 in Switzerland have been
acquired by the Committee. Registration and accommodation of student
refugees is proceeding as rapidly as possible.
The International Red Cross, the Austrian Government and the
International Rescue Committee are providing the Committee with funds
for the accommodation of refugee students in Austria and for other
immediate material needs.
The principle objective of the Coordinating Committee is to
provide scholarships for Hungarian students to allow them to pursue
their studies in other university centres. Already a number have left
Austria for universities elsewhere in Europe, including 150 to
Germany, 45 to Holland and 20 to Switzerland. Hundred of scholarship
opportunities have been offered through National Unions of Students
and governments. The Committee
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Circular No. 16/1956-57

Reference No. 110/Cuba
November 23, 1956
THE UNIVERSITY SITUATION IN CUBA

Dear Friends,
At the Ceylon Conference, in view of university situation
in Cuba, the following resolution are adopted.
The Sixth International Student Conference expresses its
solidarity with the Cuban students in the struggle for liberty
and for university autonomy in their country. Therefore the
Conference
urges COSEC to report about the university situation in
Cuba through its publications (Bulletins, circulars, etc.,),
in order to inform the students;
urges COSEC to send to the Cuban government the present
resolution and to inform it of the demands of the Conference
as follows:
a.) that funds be given to the universities, which belong to
it rightfully according to the Constitution;
b.) that freedom of association be granted to the students as
well as self-government to the universities;
c.) that detained students against whom no legal charges can
be brought be released;
d.) that students lives be respected and no bloodshed be
committed.
Lastly, the Conference urges the National Unions to give
full support to the Cuban students.
In this connection, the Secretariat wants to communicate
to you that it has brought the above-mentioned text to the
notice of the Cuban Government and that so far it has not
received any answer.
Later we have received reports from the Cuban University
Students Declaration(FEU)in which they inform us of the extremely
difficult situation through which they are passing, requesting
us to circulate this information to the National Unions.
It is therefore, in accordance with this resolution, that
we bring to your notice the information from the FEU, annexing
it to the present circular.
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As on other occasions, we would appreciate very much if

you would inform the Secretariat of the actions which the
National Unions undertake to apply with the resolution of the
Ceylon Conference and the appeal of the FEU.
With best wishes,
THE COORDINATING SECRETARIAT
Jean Barros Barros

Associate Secretary
John M. Thompson
Administrative Secretary
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VI th WORLD FESTIVAL OF YOUTH AND STUDENTS
PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS
There are the subjects proposed discussion in the meetings
between young people during the festival in Moscow.
Miners
- Working conditions, safety measures and ways of
safeguarding the health of young miners.
Farmers
- Possibility for young farmers to have their own farms
and the conditions for making them paying enterprises,
Exchange of experience on farming.
Dockers
- Protection of the labour of young dockers during
handing operations. Professional training, full
employment and permanent salaries for young dockers.
Electrical Engineer and Power Industry
- Conditions for the training and improvement of young
workers in the electrical engineering and power
industry.
Food Industry
- Mechanization and intensification of labour in the
food industry and the position of young workers.
Working conditions and health protection.
Building Workers
- Professional training.
- Mechanization in building and problems facing the
young builders.
Railwaymen
- Intensification of labour and working conditions.
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- 3 stated in September, 1956 that where there is no segregation, as in the position

at certain Universities, it must be established or enforced. This same Minister
stated in July 1956 that apartheid would be established at the Universities
regardless of cost.
In reply to a repeated request from NUSAS and the open Universities to the
Minister of Education to receive a deputation to discuss University apartheid, he
replied the provision of separate facilities is the declared policy of the
Government and that therefore he was not prepared to receive a deputation to
discuss the question. This refusal seems to indicate that the Government are not
prepared to take into consideration the opinion of the Universities concerned.
Ever since the Government started threatening to interfere in the Universities
of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, students and staff concerned have used to
arguments in reply - firstly, any enforcement of apartheid contrary to the wishes
of the Universities would be a clear violation of the independence of these
Universities; secondly, all the evidence from responsible persons intimately
connected with the system of non-segregation in the Universities proves that nonsegregation not only a workable policy, but appears to be the best educational
policy for South African Universities.
The independence of the Universities is a long-honoured tradition in the
Western world. It has through long experience been found essential for the proper
functioning of a University as a community of staff and students who seek the
truth, the ensure that there is no outside interference in the international
affairs of the University has four essential freedoms - whom to teach, how to
teach, what to teach and who shall teach. Any dictation to the Universities in
regard to any one of these freedoms must be seen as a possible fore-runner of
indoctrinated teaching. This is especially true in South Africa, where the
Government are committed to a policy of separate and different education for
Africans in the schools, as was conclusively proved by the Eiselen Commission as
an independent race and to equip the Africans to meet the demands which the
economic life of South Africa will impose upon him. (Dr Verwoerd)
The late Dr. T.B. Davie, Principal of the University of Cape Town, stated
in his Hoernle Memorial Lecture in 1955:
There can be little doubt that it is the intention of the framers of the Act that
the education of the African child shall be different from that of the European
and further, that this difference shall establish and perpetuate an inferior
status in the African in relation to the European. Those opposed to University
apartheid fear that this inferior education may be lot of non-white students at
any segregated colleges.
Most important of all, however, of the arguments which can be advanced for
the open Universities, is the success of the policy of academic non-segregation
as practiced at the Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand for the past
50 years. Segregated Universities in South Africa, both white and black, are
often noted for their suspicion of people of the other race and for their extreme
nationalism. The open Universities, on the other hand, have made a notable
contribution to better race relations in South Africa. Anyone conversant with
South African problems will realise that what is most conspicuously lacking in
the Union today is an opportunity for educated persons of different races to meet
in a friendly manner and the discuss their problems objectively. The open
Universities offer the only regular opportunity in the whole of South Africa for
such contact. Any move which
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prevents this contact between students and staff of different races at

the open universities must be as a threat to racial peace in South
Africa and eventually the whole continent.
The Universities of Cape Town and Witwatersrand have strenuously
argued that the presence of non-white students has made the open
Universities true Universities. There can be no doubt that segregation
would mean inferior facilities for non-whites and thus inferior education.
This inferiority is clearly demonstrated by a comparison of the poor
facilities at the University College of Ford Hare (established 1916)
and the other Universities. Similarly at the University of Natal the
facilities at the non-white section (except for the Medical School) are
much inferior to those provided for the white students. Throughout
South Africa it is commonly accepted that facilities for white should
be superior to those provided for non-whites. In fact, South Africa is
the only country in the world which, by a Separate Amenities Act,
declared that separate facilities for non-whites need not be equal.
NUSAS and the students of the open Universities go further, and support
the ruling of the United States Supreme Court that separate facilities
are inherently unequal.
None of the arguments against the open Universities have been
borne out in fact, and the Universities are defending their right to
admit non-whites as students with every means in their power.
We, as the representatives of over 10,000 South African students
and in particular those at the open Universities, address this letter
to you in other counties, in the hope that it will assist you to
understand the threat of interference by the South African Government
in the open Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, and that
we completely oppose any enforced apartheid in our Universities.
Cape Town, October, 1956.
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Resolution adopted by the Sixth International Student Conference:

University Situation in South Africa
The Conference notes that South African Government has
indicated that it intends to introduce legislation at the
beginning of the next parliament which will have the effect of
ending the system of open universities at Cape Town and
Witwatersrand. The Conference therefore recommends to the
National Unions that as soon as the government of South Africa
gives public notice of its intention, the National Unions take
action to indicate their opposition to this proposal, such
action taking the form of direct letters to South Africa,
intervention with the governments diplomatic representatives,
and messages from leading educators and university authorities,
particularly in countries with a similar educational system to
that of South Africa.
..........
The Conference also:
..........
b
recommends that the protests of the National Unions of Students

against the introduction of segregation into the remaining
unsegregated universities should be channelled through the
Coordinating Secreariat in order that those protests should be
registered in the most effective way possible.
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1st Dec, 1956

Dear Friend,
Herewith we are sending you a set of photos about the
activities of the Chinese people and youth in support the Egyptian
people in resistance to the Anglo-French aggression in Egypt. We
think it will be of use to your magazines or other publications.
The peoples movement in support of Egypt here is in full
swing. We believe that with the support of the people the world over,
the righteous struggle of the Egyptian people will certainly win.
With our fraternal greetings,
Sincerely yours,
Secretariat
All China Federation of Democratic Youth
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TO:
National Union of Students

Student Body Presidents (U.S.)
International Persons
USNSA has made three full mailings to its member-school student body
presidents on the recent Hungarian crisis. What began as a sympathetic response
to Hungarian student demands for freedom has turned toward solving immediate
needs of refugee students who have fled from Hungary. But the original cause - the
cause for which Hungarian students have brought so much responsibility upon
themselves - has not been forgotten by U.S. students. U.S. students marked the
significance of Hungarian students in this revolt and their reasons for organizing
and fighting; U.S. students have regarded the Hungarian events not as an uprising
against one regime but lasted as a quest for freedom embodying the aspirations of
students of students throughout the world.
The second of our domestic mailings - that of 6 November - was sent in
similar form to overseas addresses. Here we will bring up-to-date our reporting
of the whole Hungarian situation.
I. HUNGARIAN STUDENT TOURS U.S COLLEGES UNDER USNSA PROGRAM
What part did Hungarian students play in the revolt? How was it that
University of Budapest and University of Sopron students organized independently
but at the same time, without corresponding or agreeing to organize? How was it
that Soviet soldiers had been variously informed that they were being sent to Suez
or to protect Hungary against Western invaders? How did the Sopron students
first formulate their demands and then turn to military action when Soviet
soldiers were ordered to break the revolt?
Istvan Lazlo, elected leader of the students of the University of Sopron
on 23 October, came to the U.S. on November 5 as a member of the mission to the
UN of Mrs. Anna Kethy, Minister of State without portfolio of the Imrc Nagy
government. When USNSA found that he was here, we endeavored to give him the
opportunity of speaking to college and university audience, the group to which he
thought the most important the Hungarian student plight be explained. In his
talks since October 18 he has explained some of the questions which we have stated
above.
USNSA has organized for Laszlo a tour of colleges and universities throughout
the U.S. We feel that it is important that the quest of Hungarian students for
freedom be explained, that their circumstances be described, and that the events
of the short-lived revolt be elaborated. By understanding this one instance in
which the Universities were oppressed, matriculation made dependent upon criteria
other than ability and effort, and limitations placed on personal freedom of
inquiry and expression, U.S. students can gain a better understanding of their
own freedom perhaps too often taken for granted.
Funds collected at meetings at which Istvan appears are to be given through
USNSA, at his request, to the COSEC WUS Austrian (NUS coordinating committee for
international Hungarian students relief In Vienna and to the Hungarian student
committee now being formed by elected representatives of the refugee students
centers in Austria.
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- 2 II. FROM CLIVE GRAY IN VIENNA AND CRAWFORD YOUNG IN PARIS

Gray is en route to take up study in India. He served as USNSA international vice
-president (1955-56).Young is a former Michigan Daily editor and USNSA representative
in Europe.
(1) BB343 B CDU092 53 PD INTL FR - CD PARIS VIA FRENCE 7 0130 (7 November)
LARKIN NATSTUD CAMBRIGEMASS
STUDENT REACTION SOVIET AGGRESSION IMMENSE STOP DEMONSTRATION FRANCE SWITZERLAND
SWEDEN BELGIUM HOLLAND STOP DANES COLLECT 5000 POUNDS STOP MEETING THIS WEEKEND
VIENNA ALL NUSS PLANNED STOP REGARDS
CRAWFORD
(2) B CDV 219 192 /191 1/51 PD INTL - CD WTRN VIA MACKAY 12 1720 LT
(12 November)
NATSTUD CAMBRIDGEMASS
CONFERENCE REPRENSENTATIVE 13 NUSES STOP CONFERENCE ESTABLISH 3-MAN COSEC WUS OH
COMMITTE TO SURVEY NEEDS REGISTER STUDENTS DISTRIBUTE FUNDS CONTRIBUTED NUSES WUS
STOP COSEC EFFECTIVE ACTION WIDELY HAILED EUROPE STOP ABOUT 1200 REFUGEE STUDENTS
HERE MOST SEPERATED SPECIAL STUDENT CAMPS RELIEF NEED GREAT SINCE STUDENTS FLED
MINUS EFFECTS STOP SOPRON UNIVERSITY LARGELY INTACT IN SALZBURG MAY REESTABLISH
SELF STOP MANY NUS GOVERNMENT SCHOLARSHIP OFFERS SHUOLD BE SOME AMERICA STOP
LASZLO ISTVAN LEGITIMATE RECOGNIZED LEADER IMPORTANT LOCALITY STOP ALL CABLE ME
HOTLE REGINA ANY ADVICE OR RELIEF RESULTS
CLIVE
(3)
FA6/19
NO5 /19 PARIS 240 18 2320 LT(19 November)
WORLDSTUD NY
(WORLD UNIVERSITY SERVICE 20 W 40 ST 3RD FLOOR)
LEAST 1200 HUNGARIAN REFUGEE STUDENTS INCLUDING MANY FORMER POLITICAL PRISONERS
HAVE FLED TO AUSTRIA MINUS BELONGINGS STOP HUNDREDS MORE EXPECTED IN FACE BRUTAL
SOVIET DEPORTATIONS STOP ALL IVE MET PARTCIPATED IN STUDENT INSPIRED NATIONAL
REVOLUTION STOP SHOW GREAT COURAGE AMAZING DEVOTION AND UNDERSTANDING DEMOCRATIC
IDEALS AND DETERMINATION RECOMMENCE CONSTRUCTIVE LIVES STOP EUROPEAN STUDENT
GROUPS PROVIDING MAGNANIMOUS ASSISTANCE BUT LARGE SCALE AMERICAN STUDENT HELP IS
ESSENTIAL STOP ON 11/16 INTERNATIONAL STUDENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE SUPPORTED
BY WUS AND USNSA ESTABLISHED SPECIAL HOSTEL 300 STUDENT REFUGEES FOR NEXT THREE
MONTHS STOP TREMENDOUS STEP FORWARD IN HANDLING STUDENT PROBLEM BUT STILL SHORT
RANGE NEED MONEY FOR MAINTENANCE HOSTEL ALSO TRANSPORTATION CLOTHING MISCELLANEOUS
EFFECTS BOOKS INSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND PERSONNEL STOP LONG RANGE NEED ASSIST
RESETTLEMENT FILL OUT GAPS EUROPEAN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMS PROVIDE EDUCATIONAL
FACILITIES ALL TYPES TO UNIVERSITY OF SOPRON NOW REESTABLISHING SELF NEAR
SALZBURG STOP NO POSSIBLITIES YET ENSURE CORRECT DISTRIBUTION STUDENT RELIEF IN
HUNGARY BUT ARE INVESTIGATING STOP HUNGARIAN STUDENTS LOOK TO AMERICA FOR AID AND
MORAL SUPPORT STOP HOPE WE WONT LET THEM DOWN STOP WE REQUEST SPEEDY INFORMATION
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS DATES FOR REFUGEES INTO SCHOOL OFFERING SCHOLARSHIPS
ESPECIALLY MEDICINE ENGINEERING EG ANY EMERGENCY SIMPLIFICATIONS STOP OUR SUGGESTION
HAVE REFUGEES WORK ONE YEAR LEARN LANGUAGE THEN STUDY SINCE FEW BETTER THAN BROKEN
ENGLISH REGINA VIENNA MONAY PLEASE INFORM LARKIN
CLIVE
(4) BB287 B CDW051 314/311 1/50 PD INTL CD WIEN VIA MACKAY 23 1925 LT
(23 November)
NATSTUD CAMBRIGE (MASS)
NOW ORGANIZED 800 STUDENTS WEST AUSTRIA AND COMMITTEE FORMED ON BASIS REPRESENTATION
MOST REFUGEE STUDENT CENTERS BY MIDDLE NEXT WEEK STOP SOPRON STUDENTS CONCERNED
ABOUT LASZLO ABSENCE BUT THEY SAY OK ON 3 WEEKS US TRAVEL PROVIDED HE WRITES THEM
- 3 IMMEDIATELY TO INFORM OF ACTIVITIES STOP ADDRESS SOPRONER STUDENTSCHAFT LARGER

STROBL ST WOLFGANG SALZBURG AUSTRIA STOP US IMMIGRATION AUTHORITIES EMPHASIZING
FAMILY UNITS IN AWARDING VISA UNDER 5000 QUOTA AND MAY EXCLUDE STUDENTS FROM SAME
REQUEST YOUR HELP STOP JUST RETURNED FROM GRAZ EXEPECT REMAIN HERE MOST NEXT WEEK
THEN POSSIBLY WARSAW SINCE HAVE OBTIANED VISA STOP PLEASE ADVISE
CLIVE
(5) BA418 B CDU919 111 1/50 PD INTL FR - CD WIEN VIA MACKAY 27 2310 (27
November)
NATSTUD FOR JACQZ CAMBRIDGE (MASS) (WORLD UNIVERSITY SERVICE)
COORDINATING COMMITTEE REGISTRATION 1000 135 LIST US PREFERENCE SUBJECT ENGINEERING
DIFFERENT TYPES 60 MEDICINE 13 VETERINARY 4 CHEMISTY 10 HUMANITY 5 LAW 5
ARCHITECTURE 4 BUSINESS 4 ECONOMICS 2 AGRICULTURE 4 THIS ONLY SAMPLE LIST
INCLUDING SOME ALREADY DEPARTED THROUGH IRC STOP LEAST 150 MORE ESTIMATED US
PREFERENCE BASIS INTERVIEWS GRAZ VIENNA PROBABLY SIMILAR BREAKDOWN SUBJECTS STOP
LANGUAGE PROBLEM SERIOUS FEW KNOW ANY ENGLISH URGE PLAN JOB AND OR LANGAUE CLASSES
WITH UTILIZATION MOST STUDY SCHOLARSHIPS ONLY SEPTEMBER 1957 STOP WE READY SEND
STUDENT WHEN PROGRAM READY THIS REGARD AND IF VISA QUOTA LASTS OR IS RAISED STOP
SUGGEST IMMEDIATE EFFORTS SPECIAL VISA PROVISIONS STUDENTS
GRAY
These cables constitute the same information which the International Commission
has at its disposal. Note especially the language and quota problems.
III. RELIEF AND STUDY OPPORTUNITIES
Some funds will be needed for administrative expenses of the COSEC-WUS-OH
committee in Vienna. Registering students and keeping track of need there cost
money, but must be done if relief funds are to be distributed correctly and
scholarship needs and qualifications assessed. USNSA is prepared to transmit
funds to that committee or to the Hungarian student committee now formed. Member
schools wishint to follow this procedure may submit funds to the commission
office, indication preferences as to disposition.
World University Service is the chief avenue of student relief giving to
aid refugee students. The National Federation of Catholic College Students is
also able to transmit funds to appropriate channels. USNSA encourages your giving
through one of those two groups. World University Service has informed us that it
now has about $ 30,000. Major contributions so far recorded in New York, in
approximate figures and not differentiated between member and non- member schools,
are as follows:
Louisiana State University
University of So. California
University of Redlands
Cal Tech
Bryn Mawr
Miami University ( Ohio )
Vassar
Rollins College
Oberlin College
State College of Washington
Claremont
Chapman (enrollment 300)
UCLA
Long Beach State College
Yale University
Harvard University
Brown-Pembroke
Stephens College
1,850.00
587.00
1,000.00
6,000.00
898.00
500.00
2,156.00
1,000.00
576.00
1,664.00
570.00
1,000.00
500.00
500.00
6,000.00
2,000.00
1,313.00
500.00
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This is not a complete list,

even of major contributions.
It is placed here to give an
index of the giving of some
institutions, and not tendered
as exhaustive.
Bradford Jr. College

Northwestern University
University of Illinois
- 4 495.00
3,000.00
2,000.00
Twenty-eight institutions have indicated to World University Service that

they can accept refugee students and provide financial aid. WUS estimates that
there are now firm offers of about 100 places. However, they note that particular
need lies for medical and engineering places.
The following addresses may be useful:
UNSA International Commission
142 Mt. Auburn Street
Cambridge 38, Massachusetts
National Federation of Catholic College

Trinity College
Washington, D.C
World University Service National Office, 20 West 40th Street, N. Y. 18, N.Y.
WUS Regional Offices:
1145 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge 38, Massachusetts
1001 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia 7, Pennsylvania
13 Auburn Avenue, Atlanta 3, Georgia
19 South La Salle Street, Chicago 3, Illinois
3012 Maple Avenue, Dallas 4, Texas
715 South hope Street, Los Angeles 17, California
813 S.W. 6th Avenue,
Portland 4, Oregon
Schools which have not done so are encourage to undertake emergency
fund drives for Hungarian student relief. For assistance contact a WUS
regional office at address at above.
In summary, U.S. schools may follow one of these courses:
(1) Raise funds, sending to USNSA for transmission to indicated point or
for use our Judgment, for relief or other purposes; USNSA may transfer
to WUS,
(2) Raise funds, sending to WUS or NFCCS, especially if moneys not
earmarked for administration, Hungarian committee, ect.
(3) Contact WUS regarding scholarship needs; obtain guarantee of tuition
from administration and provide funds to cover other needs; you may
communicate either to WUS or to USNS: on this matter.
(4) Continue to consider moral support of Hungarian students and
implications for freedom which their actions involved; but translation
of these sentiments to action most basis present need.
IV. USNSA CABLE
On 18 November USNSA sent the following two cables protesting widely
reported deportation of Hungarian students:
PRESIDENT DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, WHIT HOUSE, WASHINGTON D.C.
USNSA PEPRESENTING 710,000 STUDENTS AND 311 COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES URGES
IMMEDIATE CLARIFICATION POSITION OF US GOVERMENT WITH RESPECT TO SOVIET DEPORTATION
OF HUNGARIAN STUDENTS STOP US GOVERNMENT MUST TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION PROPER
EXERCISE OF MORAL POSITION THROUGH EFFECTIVE MECHANISMS STOP US STUDENTS MORE
EFFECTIVE UNITED URGING FREEDOM AND SAFETY OF HUNGARIAN STUDENTS THAN ANY PRIOR
STUDENT QUESTION STOP PLEASE REPLY USNSA THE MT AUBURN STREET CAMBRIDGE MASS
BRUCE LARKIN INTERNATIONAL VICE PRESENT
HARALD BAKKEN PRESENT
TO
COMMITTEE OF YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS OF USSR MOSCOW USSR
USNSA REPRESENT ING 710,000 STUDENTS AND 311 COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES URGENTLY
AND VEHEMENTLY PROTESTS DEPORATION OF HUNGARIAN STUDENTS FROM HUNGARY BY SOVIET
- 5 FORCES STOP EARIER REPORTS OF SOVIET OPPRESSION TELL TERRIBLE STORIES STOP
DEPORTATION EVEN MORE SCRRIFYING TO DEGREE ALMOST BEYOND COMPREHENSION! STOP
INSIST YOUR ORGANIZATION TAKE STAND BEFORE WORLD STOP SITUATION CRITICAL STOP
FAILURE TO ACT LEADS INEVITABLY AND JUSTIFIABLY TO COMPLETE ABSENCE OF TRUST AND
CONFIDENCE EITHER IN HUMANITY OF SOVIET STUDENTS OR REPRSENTATIVITY OF YOUR
ORGANIZATION STOP REPLY IMMEDIATELY NATSTUD CAMBRIDGE MASS
HARALD BAKKEN PRESENT
BRUCE LARKIN INTERNATIONAL VICE PRESENT
The following cable was sent to Eastern European national student organization:
US NATIOAL STUDENT ASSOCIATION REPRESENTING 710,000 US STUDENTS IN 311 COLLEGES
AND UNIVERSITIES CALLS ON YOUR ORANIZATION TO EXERT INFLUENCE IN BRINGING TO
HALT THE DEPORTATION OF HUNGARIAN STUDENTS FROM HUNGARY BY SOVIET TROOS STOP ALSO
REQUEST YOU QUESTION IUS STATEMENT REGARDING HUNGARIAN SITUTATION AS BEING
INCOMPLETE HYPOCRITICAL AND POLITICAL STOP FAILURE TO APPLY STATED PRINCIPLES
WOULD SUGGEST TO WORLD STUDENT COMMUNITY THAT YOUR ORGANIZATION NOT REPRESNTATIVE
PRESIDENT BAKKEN
VICE PRESIDENT BAKKEN
USNSA
28 November 1956
V
.COMMENTS
U.S. students have shown marked concern about these recent events. Students
courses in Hungarian universities have been disrupted; many students have chosen
to leave Hungary; the Hungarian Universities themselves were interrupted; Hungarian
students lack material necessities to study (although present reporters are that
distribution of funds in Hungary itself cannot be properly guaranteed and
administered).
But we wish to emphasize again that other cases of university suppression
and restriction of freedom exist and will be brought to our attention from time
to time. Perhaps they will not be so dramatic - they probably wont be. There
wont be so many newspaper headlines. Students alone may be concerned, not the
immediate fate of an entire country. But when that happens - as it may happen when
apartheid legislation is introduced into the parliament of the Union of South
Africa to segregate the open universities - anticipated for January - students
concern should be just as great as it has been in this crisis. Perhaps in other
cases money will not be involved, but rather legitimates and reasonable pressure
exerted from a strong moral position .Whatever form it takes, let us be aware
when it happens that the principle we follow is very much like the principle we
have worked from during these last few hectic weeks. The stakes are just as large.
USNSA wishes to thank the national unions and member schools which have
sent us their reactions, comment, and word of their doings.
We would like to hear from you soon.
Sincerely,
Bruce D. Larkin
International Vice-President
- 106 -
- 107 -
rSjD irf;pmtkyrf sm;

(yxrwJG)
(1) OD;zkd;uGef;
- wpfjrdKUpDaewGmpDjcm;ukefjyD
(2) aunDydwf
- 1920 ausmif;om;oydwfukd,fawGU
(3) q&m[def
- oydwfacgif;aqmifwkdY\t"d|mef
(4) a'gufwmjrifhaqG
- &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*
yxrqkH;Ou| ukdxGef;pdef
(5) ukd&m&Spf
- 1930 wuokdvfausmif;om;or* okdYpcJhonf
(6) OD;atmifZHa0
- oydwftoGifeJYtjrif
(7) armifqkyef
- trsKd;om;aeY orkdif;a&pD;aMumif;
(8) ukdwifh (ukd,fpm;) ukdxGef;az
- pdefayg[kdufpull;oydwf (ulSifoydwfarSmufausmif;om;)
(9) ndKjr
- uGsefawmfi&JacG; aqmif;yg;a&;pOfu
(10) ukdcifarmifav;
- &efukefwuokdvf acsmufjcm;cJhaom xkd (3) &uf
(11) a'gufwmjrifhaqG
- rEav;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; EkdifiHa&;vIyf&Sm;rI
(12) yD,mGefY
- [kdaeYwkef;u
(13) oydwfcif
- tif,m;u vmcJhonf
(14) aTjynfpkd;
- tkd;olMuD;
(15) vJhvJh0if;
- bk&m;aqmif;wef;u oydwfoH
(16) BudKUyifaumufom;
- tmabmfESpfrsdK;
(17) o&Jbat;
- oydwfukd,fawGU
(18) o&Jbat;
- yif;,aqmifokdY xrif;xkyfykdYpOfu
(19) b[def; (ayguf)
- ewftkd;uGJ
(20) odef;az
- ewftkd;uGJ
(21) odef;azjrifh
- wuokdvfy&0Pfukdausmf
(22) OD;oGif
- trsKd;om;wuokdvfzGifhyJGtcrf;tem; rdefYcGef;
(23) vlxka':trm
- usrqkHcJh&onf 1936 ta&;awmfykH
(24) wkd;wufa&; tkef;jrihf
- ESpf (50) qkdwm rMumvkdufyg
(25) wkd;wufa&; tkef;jrifh
- ausmif;om;eJY wkdYArm
(26) wif{ (Srf;jynf)
- Srf;-ArmaoG;pnf;a&;tp wuou
(27) ukdA[def;rS ukdpdefcdkokdYay;ykdYaom vufa&;rl&if;
(28) udkatmifqef;rS ukdpdefckdokdYay;ykdYaom vufa&;rl&if; (2) apmif
(29) ukdatmifqef;rS ukdjrpdefokdYay;pm
- t*Fvdyfvkd (4) apmif
(30) wwd,tMudrf AuouGefz&ifh bdwfMum;olrsm; pmtdwfpm&if;
(31) &J&Jawmuf oef;wif
- 1300jynfh ausmif;om;wkdufyGJ
(32) &J&Jawmuf oef;wif
- aoG;pnf;Mua[h
(33) ukdodef;atmif (ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif) - usaemfodcJhaom Akdvfatmifausmf
(34) wif;ukyfwifat;
- ausmif;om;vIyfSm;rI vGwfvyfa&;tkwfcsyfav;rsm;
- u -
(35) "rom&
(36) armifoefYpif (a';'&J)
(37) ausmfGefYrdk;
(38) armifxGef;oGif
(39) zsmykHpkd;
(40) rEav;ta&;awmfykH
(41) ocifpdefckd (vufa&;rl)
(42) ukdukd
(43) ukdukd (vufa&;rl)
(44) atmifqef;
(45) b[def;
(46) okyPu
- AkdvfatmifausmfeJYtwl qEjycJhonfhaeYu
- ausmif;om;wkdYaoG;ajruscJhpOfu
- Akdvfatmifausmfukd,fwkdifa&;cJhaom pmwpfyk'f
- cGyfa'gif;tvHatmufrSwkdufyGJ0ifcJhol
- atmifausmfpmay
- aejynfawmfvGwfvyfa&;
- avmifawmrJhta&;awmfykH&JU c&D;wpfaxmuf
- pmrwwfolyaysmufa&;rS NAdwdoQe,fcsJUawmfvSefa&;
- aqmif;yg;
- avmu0d[m&
- qif;&Jom;ypnf;rJhrsm;ESifhausmif;om;rsm;
- "rESifht"r
('kwd,wJG)
(1) ppfukdif;[efwif
- pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm; (1-2-3)
(2) ppfukdif;[efwiff
- jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf; (1-2-3)
(3) ppfukdif;[efwif
- jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;okdY (1-2-3)
(4) &JabmfvSrsdK;
- orkdif;0ifpmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;
(5) a'gufwmoef;xGef;
- e,fvSnfh&mZ0if (y-'k-w)
(6) a'gufwmoef;xGef;
- acwfopf&mZ0if (y-'k-w)
(7) jrefrmhpG,fpkHusrf;
- twGJ (1) rS twGJ (15)
(8) jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf; tESpfcsKyfrsm;
- 1987 rS 1995
(9) &efukefwuokdvf aT&wkpmapmif (ESpf 50) - twGJ (1)
(10) &efukefwuokdvf aT&wkpmapmif (ESpf 50) - twGJ (2)
(11) &efukefwuokdvf ESpf (50)
- (1920-70)
(12) &efukefwuokdvf pdef&wkpmapmif (75 ESpf) - twGJ (1)
(13) rdk;BudK;? Armhacwf? aMu;rHk owif;pmrsm; - 1945-1962
(14) tkd;a0*sme,frsm;
- &efukefwuokdvforkdif; (1920-70)
(15) tkd;a0r*Zif;
- 1947-48 rS 1960-61
(16) tkd;a0pmapmif aT&wkobif txl;xkwf
(17) tkd;a0 twGJ (1)? trSwf (5)
(20) The University Student's Union Magazine Vol: (2) -No: (1)
(23) aTwl*sme,frsm;
(24) rsKd;GefYr*Zif;rsm;
- c -
(25) Aef;armfwifatmif
(26) Aef;armfwifatmif
(27) wkdYArmtpnf;tkH;ordkif; jyKpka&;tzGJU
(28) wkdYArmtpnf;tkH;ordkif; jyKpka&;tzGJU
(29) OD;av;armif
(30) OD;av;armif
(31) orkdif;jzpf&yfrSef jyKpka&;tzGJU
(32) orkdif;jzpf&yfrSef jyKpka&;tzGJU
(33) &Jabmfaeatmif
(34) &Jabmfaeatmif
(35) wifxGef;atmif (jrefrmhtvif;)
(36) OD;atmifodef;[ef (0dZm-*kPfxl;)
(37) AkdvfcsKyfrdefYcGef;rsm;
(38) OD;ykav;
(39) okawoDjrifhxGef;
(40) wuodkvfae0if;
(41) atmifoef;
(42) atmifoef;
(43) pkaygif;
(44) tnMw&Jabmf
(45) arjrdKUcspfaqG
(46) wifpkd; (abm**kPf)
(47) AkdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
(48) jrwfarmf
(49) odef;azjrifh
(50) odef;azjrifh
(51) odef;azjrifh
(52) odef;azjrifh
(53) vSuGefY
(54) vSuGefY
(55) ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;
(56) vlxka':trm
(57) 0d"l&ocifcspfarmif
(58) armifwifaT
(59) wkdufpkd;
(60) OD;bOD; (bDat)
(61) OD;zkd;usm;
(62) wwd,tBudrf AuouGefz&ifh (ykodrf)
- jreffrmEkdifiHorkdif;
- ukdvkdeDacwf jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif;
- wkdYArmtpnf;tkH; orkdif; (y)
- wkdYArmtpnf;tkH; orkdif; ('k)
- jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif; (y)
- jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif; ('k)
- jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif; (y^ 1958-62)
- jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif; ('k^ 1958-62)
- e,fcsJUtusOf;om; (y)
- e,fcsJUtusOf;om; ('k)
- jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;ESifh ocifbabmif;
- jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif;opf
- igwkdYAkdvfcsKyf bmvkyfcJhoenf; (y-'k-w)
- AkdvfcsKyftrGdKifokdYc&D;pOf
- AkdvfcsKyftrSwfw&
- atmifqef;
- atmifqef;rdom;pk
- AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; twKywd
- arhaysmufr&aom atmifqef;
- jynfolcspfaom AkdvfcsKyf
- AkdvfcsKyf\ pD;yGm;a&; tjrif
- Armhpdefac:oH
- AkdvfcsKyfatmiffqef; EkdifiHa&;pD;yGm;a&;tjrif
- awmfvSefa&;umv EkdifiHa&;tawGYtMuHKrsm;
- taSUuae0ef;xGufonfhyrm
- ausmfjidrf;
- oydwfarSmufausmif;om;
- az-yk-Sdef
- MuHawmuajymaomorkdif;
- bGdKif;aumuf#Dum
- q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;
- urmhvSnfhocifukd,fawmfrIdif;
- ocifukd,fawmfrIdif; olYpm? olYb0
- trsKd;om;ynm0efOD;zkd;usm;
- trsKd;om;aeYjzpfay:vmykH &mZ0if
- trsKd;om;aeY&mZ0if tusOf;csKyf
- ukdatmifqef;rdefYcGef;
- 8 -
(63) rEav;ta&;awmfykHrSwfwrf;
(64) jrbl;aumfrwD\tpD&ifcHpmESifhywfouf AuorScefYxm;tyfaom wuokdvfjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrSwfwrf;
(65) taSUOa&myArmausmif;om;rsm;aumfrwD - cGyfa'gif;pmapmif (1952)
(66) ppfukdif;[efwif
- vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;okdY
(67) ocifcspfarmif
- EkdifiHa&;a0zefcsufrsm;
(68) ocifAarmif
- 0HomEkta&;awmfykH
(69) wuokdvfpdefwif
- jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJESifh ocifApdef
(70) aTaoG;
- pdefrSefuif;tppf xif;jzpfcJhpOfu
(71) wkdufpkd;
- *sLAvDa[mjrifuGif;
(72) ausmfatmif
- or*tvHawmfatmuf0,f
(73) pHatmif
- nDGwfa&;\ta&;awmfykH
(74) aZ,smarmif
- puLjzLjyZmwf (c) ArmhEkdifiHa&;tajcae
(75) udktHhausmf
- 1980 ckESpf? r[m0dZmbJGU,lpmwrf;
(76) 0if;armifoef;
- ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHk
(77) udkpdk;odrf;\ vufESdyfpufdkuf udk,fa&;&mZ0if
(78) cGyfa'gif;pmpOf (rwuo - 7 &uf? Zlvdkif)
(79) rsKd;cspfjynfolUygvDrefygwD (1^90)
(80) General Aung San
- Burma Challenge
(81) Mg Mg
- From Sangha to Laity Burmese Nationalist Movement
(1920-1940)
(82) U Nu
(83) Dr. Ba Maw
- Saturday's Son
- Breakthrough in Burma: Memoirs of a Revolution
(1939-1946)
(84) Dr. Htin Aung

- Modern Burmese History
(85) Htin Aung
- Stricken Peacock
(86) Maurice Collis
- Last and Fast in Burma
(87) G.E. Harvey
- Modern Burmese History
(88) Hugh Tinker
- Burmese Struggle of Indenpendence
(89) Dorthy Wooden
- State of Burma
(90) Robert Taylor
- Making of Burma
(91) M.A Rashid
- Report of Constitution Committee
(92) Aung San Suu Kyi
- Freedom From Fear
(93) Rangoon University Students' Union Constitution
(94) New Burma weekly
(95) Burma Gazetties - Vol: (1) to (24)
(96) Report of the Secretariat Incident Enquiry Committee
- C -
rSDjirf;aqmif;yg;rsm;
(1) ouf0if; - oxHkrD;yGm;
(2) oHrPd&Jabmfa[mif;wpk - 1946-47 ckESpfqDu wuodkvfausmif;om;oHrPdwyf
(3) 1953 rS 1962 cktxd pmGufpmwrf;? aMujimcsufrsm;
rSDjirf;pmtkyf-aemufqufwJG
1/ jirf; pmapmif- trSwfpOf (7) Zlvdkifv 2001? trSwfpOf (4) ar 2001
2/ a'gif;tdk;a0- (1^3) Mo*kwf 1997? (2^1) Zlvdkif? (1^2) Zlvdkif 1997
3/ atmifapmOD;- vGwfvyfa&;a&T&wk (yxr tBudrf)1998 Zefe0g&D
4/ wuodkvfae0if; jynfaxmifpkAdokum AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; (yxrtBudrf 1997? arv)
5/ jr[ef AkdvfcskKyfatmifqef;{/fpmayvuf&m (1998? Zefe0g&Dv)
6/ ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;{/f vufa&G;pOfav;csKd;w&m (yxrtBudrf 1973? Zlvdkif)
7/ OD;Ek- ig;ESpf&moDArmjynf (1941-45) (yxrtBudrf 2002)
8/ wuodkvfESpfig;q,fjynfhpmapmif (1970)
9/ ausmfNidrf;-&JabmfoHk;usdyf yxrtBudrf (1938)
10/ '*kefwm,m zswfceJawGU&aomkyfykHvTmum;csyfrsm; (yxrtBudrf 1997 'DZifbmv)
11/ trsKd;om;aeYESifhtrsKd;om;ynma&;vIyf&Sm;rIUordkif;tusOf; (a&T&wkobif txl;xkwf (y^tBudrf? 11^1970)
12/ a&eHajrocifbwif 1300 jynfhESpf ta&;awmfykHrSwfwrf;
13/ armifrkef;atmif qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkU) ausmif;om;or*{/f tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufNcif; (1^3) Zlvdkif 2005
14/ tusOf;axmifxJrS tmZmenfrsm; (1999 {&m0wD)
15/ ArmjynfuGefNrLepfygwD&JU EkdifiHawmftmPmodrf;ydkufa&;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; (5.8.89 txl;owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJG)
16/ wyfrawmfordkif; (y-twGJ? 1994 azazmf0g&Dv)? (yOrwGJ 1962-1974)
17/ atmifapmOD; (rIdif;&mNynfh) jrefrmEkdifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIorkdif;tusOf; (w-tBudrf 1993 pufwifbm)
18/ &SpfpuefYNidrf pGefYvTwfol{/f&mZ0if (ar2006)
19/ cspfMunfa&;- twJG (4) Ekd0ifbm 2006
20/ wuodkvfaumvdyfr*Zif; 1939
21/ &efukefwuodkvfESpfvnfpmapmif twJG(3) trSwf(5) 1314 ck
22/ vlxka':trm 83 ESpfajrmuf txdrf;trSwf (y^tBudrf? Ekd0ifbm 29? 1998)
23/ a'gufwmoef;xGef; igajymcsiforQightaMumif; (y^tBudrf? 2001 ar)
24/ Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,OfwGJaexdkifa&; rl0g'rSonf ppfrSef aomNynfaxmifpkpepfqDodkY
25/ &efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;or* pdef&wk (wuo) 75 ESpf 2006
26/ tifwmeufpmrsufESm- 'DADowif;Xme? {&m0wDowif;Xme (b0kyfyHkvTm)? acwfNydKifowif;Xme? jrefrmowif;
qufoG,fa&;enf;ynm (bDtdkifwD)? 0DuDyD'D,m? atatyDyD? ol&d,
- i -

Myanmar Student Movement History

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or* pmpOf

88 ESpf - jrefrmEdik if aH usmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f - atmifxeG ;f a&;om;? or*pmpOfrS

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzJGYcsKyf (EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD) rS xkwfa0onf

THE UNION PUBLISHING

udak tmifapmOD;\ trSm

6/ udkrsKd;xGef; (ac:) udkcGefqdkif; (aq;-1? 1971-76 rdIif;&mjynfU)

pmtkyjf zpfajrmufa&;twGuf &eHrh cUJ &D;&Snf csw

ordik ;f a&;oGm;wJU ordik ;f

ZJeG hJ pdw"f gw[

wcsdefwnf;rSmyJ olusdwfvkyfaewmwckudk usaemf odvdkufygw,f/ t&ifausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrSwfwrf;awG

udak tmifxeG ;f a&;om;jyKpck o

tcef; (1) udkvdkeDacwfOD;ydkif;

"gwfyHku@ (9? 16? 22-34)

(p) e,fcsJUtpdk;&qefYusifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tcef; (4) udkvdkeDacwfv,fydkif;

(*) udkEk? udkatmifqef;? udkausmfNidrf;? ukdodef;az? udktkef;ESifh wuo (1935) . . . . . . . . . .

"gwfyHku@ (82? 87? 91-97)

tcef; (7) udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;

"gwfyHku@ (100? 129)

tcef; (8) udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;

"gwfyHku@ (178? 184? 186? 193? 199? 200? 212-221)

twGif;0efHk; jzpfyGg;cJhaom t"dukPf;ESihf ywfouf pHkprf;a&;aumfrwD tpD&ifcHpm (0-41)

tcef; (9) udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;

"gwfyHku@ (268? 293)

1948-49 Ou| OD;&efa0; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tcef; (12) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI

tcef; (13) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI

tcef; (14) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI

(c-2) 1951-52 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"gwfyHku@ (349? 351? 357)

1952-53 Ou| OD;udkudkBuD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tcef; (16) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI

"gwfyHku@ - wwd,tBudrf Auorsm;tzJGUcsKyf nDvmcHBuD; - (439-442)

"gwfyHku@ - ausmif;om;nDGwfa&;wyfOD;wGif yg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJholrsm; - (443-446)

tcef; (18) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI

"gwfyHku@ (507? 530-531)

tcef; (20) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI

(*) wuo ukdpkd;odef; usrf;opmudsefqkdyGJtcrf;tem; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"gwfyHku@ (532? 547? 564-568)

tcef; (21) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI

"gwfyHku@ (569? 582? 591? 599-601)

(c) tdk;a0r*Zif;rS ay;tyfaom0efcHcsufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"gwfyHku@ - AdkvfcsKyfBuD;tpdk;&acwf wuo (17) vc&D; (631-641)

"gwfyHku@ (671? 673)

&efukefwuodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or* Ou|rsm; (1930-1962) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"gwfyHku@ (683? 685? 686? 689-690? 690? 696)

All Burma Student's Conference (1936)

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*\ tkyfcsKyfa&; - pnf;rsOf;Oya'

tqifhtrsKd;rsKd;Sdaom AuotzGJUrsm;\ Ou|pm&if; (1945-1958)

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1903 rS 1906 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

(u) 1903 ckEpS f &Scd ;kd jyemESihf ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rI

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1903 rS 1906 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

(c) 1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf jzpfay:vm&jcif; taMumif;t&if;

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

Source: RU History (Diamond Jubilee)

oydwaf rSmufausmif;om;Bu;D rsm; opmt"d|mefjyK&m aTw*d akH pwD taemufawmifaxmifw

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

(aemif aeSife,f OD;jrifh)

(C) oydwaf rSmufpOf jrifuiG ;f ESihf ausmif;om;wkYd cdik rf maompdw"f gwf

Source: National Day (Golden Jubilee)

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

(i) pdeaf yg [ku