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vnf;jzpf/ awmfveS fa&;acgif;aqmifvnf; jzpfygw,f?
(2)
u|efawmhfarG;Zmwdudk ajym&wmawmh awmf
awmf cufw,fAsm? u|efawmfu oabFmay:rSmarG;wm
vdk@vnf; &JabmfxGe;f ajymcJzh l;ygw,f? 'gukad wmh 50 &m
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a,mufjzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh &JabmfxGe;f wdk@vdk t*Fvyd f
pm wu,fwwfol/ vufawG@orm;/ awmfveS af &;o
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24
ta7;awmfykH8sme,f
(4)
'garrJh &JabmfxeG f;udk,w
f idk fuawmh pum;eJ@
ajymwwfwmudk odyf+yD;tm;ud;k wwforl [kw?f tae
d;k d;k / tpm;d;k d;k eJ@ 0wfwmpm;wm aewmxkid fwm tm;
vH;k yuwdtd;k cHom avhusipfh +JG rJaewJh &JabmfxGe;f [m
jynfol@wyfrawmf ,leaD zmif;om t+rJ0wfwwf+yD; pm;
awmhvnf; =uufOa=umf/ ajryJqefa=umfavmufom
pm;ygw,f? &JabmfxGef;[m crf;}uD;em;}uD;/ [dwf}uD;
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f r#ukd t+rJyJ a&Smifz,favh&/dS a&Smif=uOfavh
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vnf; jzpfygw,f?
(6)
'gayrJh 1948 vGwv
f yfa&; a=unmEdik cf +hJ y;D aemuf
wvrjynfch ifrmS qdk&S,v
f pfygwD OD;ausmf+idrf;u &JwyfzG@J
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wJh ArmjynfjynfwiG f;ppf}uD; awmufavmifch&J awmhwm
ygyJ?
&JabmfxeG ;f uawmh t*Fvyd fwyfawG Armjynf
jyefa&muf+yD; CASB tkyfcsKyfa&; vkyfvmwJhtcg "m;jy
r_e@J 0&rf;xkwcf &H vdk@ a&Smifwrd ;f aecJ+h yD;aemuf 1948 rwf
(28) &uf vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;pwJt
h cg/ roH;k vH;k a'
ovdk@ac:wJh rEWav;/ rdwDvm/ jrif;+cHbufrSm/ wHwm;OD;
rSmyJ pwifvufeufuidk f wdu
k yf 0JG ifcyJh gw,f? 1948 - 49
awmfveS fa&;'Da&jrifhch+J yD;aemuf 1950 rSm jynfol@wyf
rawmf ppfaoemywdcsKyf ocifoef;xGe;f acgif;aqmifwJh
jynfol@wyfrawmfrS wyfr}uD; (4) eJ@twl &Sr;f jynfbuf
ajymif;a&$@ch&J w,f?
tiftm;oH;k axmifausmaf vmuf&cdS w
hJ hJ wyfr}uD;
(4) [m aemufydkif;rSm &Jabmf (14) a,mufavmufom
usefwJhtxd &JabmfxGef;wkd@[m a&&SnfwkdufyGJqifcJh&
w,f? &Sr;f jynfe,f aemifcsKd aemifydef a'o/ tif;av;
a'oawGrmS &JabmfxGef; wyfpGcJ hw
J ,f? a&pD;oefwJh 'k0
wDjrpfukd qeftw
d x
f rf;+yD; vufypful;um wyfz@JG twGuf
&dumQ pDpOf&wJt
h xd yifyef;qif;&JccH &hJ w,f? ocifwifxeG ;f /
Adv
k yf w
k @dk vdk acgif;aqmifawG wa,muf+yD; wa,muf us
qH;k cJ=h uwmawG &Scd ahJ yr,fv
h nf; &Sr;f jynfe,fu ygwt
D vH
awmf vJruscaJh tmif &JabmfxGef; xlv$ihEf dkifchw
J ,f?
(5)
1942 ckEpS f zufqpf*syefawG u|eaf wmfw@kd wikd ;f
jynfxJ usL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmwJhtcg/ ppfudkif;om;
&Jabmf=uifarmif (ac:) &Jabmfocifarmifarmifav;[m
{uefrkcs zufqpf*syefudk wae@ awmfvSew
f u
dk f xkwf&
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wdik ;f rSL;}uD;Axl;eJ@twl wr`0wDteD; vuf&t
dS mZmenf
ukef;ae&m&J@ ajrmufzufrSm tr&yl&tajrmufwyfcJG
ae&m,lchyJ gw,f? 1945 rwfv (8) &uf/ Adkvrf SL;}uD;
Axl;u zufqpfawmfv Sefa&;wdkufyJG pwifvdkuf+yD;
aemufrmS Adv
k o
f rd ;f OD;eJ@twl rH&k mG bufukd a&mufvmwJh
r[mrdwfwyfawGudk oGm;a&mufac:,lcJhw,f? yxr
ydki;f rSm r[mrdwfwyfawGu r,Hk=unfv@dk tar&duef/
t*Fvdyfwyf&J@ tzrf;cH&w,f? aemufydkif;rS ,Hk=unf
vufc+H y;D &JabmfxeG ;f wd@k vrf;jyr_e@J ppfuikd ;f udk csw
D ufum
zufqpfawGukd wdkufch=J uw,f? ppfuidk f;wHwm;em;rSm
&JabmfxeG f;eJ@ &ifabmifwef;wdku&f if; Adv
k ford f;OD;usq;Hk
cJh&ygw,f?
25
ta7;awmfykH8sme,f
(7)
1968 pufwifbmvrSm OuUX}u;D ocifoef;xGe;f
yJc;l d;k rrSm usq;kH cJ+h y;D aemuf 1975 rwfvrSm OuUXocifZife@J
twGi;f a&;rSL;ocifcspfwdk@yg us qH;k cJh=u&+yD; aemuf 1975
arvrSm wkwjf ynfa&muf ocifAode;f wif acgi;f aqmifwhJ
A[dak umfrwD jyefz@GJ wt
hJ cgusawmhrS &Jabmf azwif/h &Jabmf
ausmjf r/ &Jabmfae0if;/ &Jabmfatmif (&Jabmf rsKd ;jrif)h &Jabmf
cifarmif}uD;wd@k e@J twl Edik if aH &;OD;aqmif (PB) tjzpf wm0ef
,lcyhJ gw,f? &mxl;wm0efukd t"durxm;bJ ygwv
D t
kd yfcsuf
udo
k m t"duxm;wJh pdw"f mwfeJ@ vky[
f ef&@J erlemwckygy?J
(8)
ygw&D @J aygvpfAsLdk (PB) jzpfvm+yD;aemufrmS trd
ajrygwD&@J vufawG@b0xJ jyefvnfa&muf&Sd wm0ef,v
l m
wJh acgi;f aqmifawGukd &if;&ifE;DS ES;D qufqq
H ufpyf+yD; e,fpyf
a'oom; &JabmfawGe@J yg oHa,mZOfz@GJ um 1979 ygwv
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pOf csrw
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D eG zf &ifhawGe@J
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eJ@twl vufwG+J yD;awmhyg? emrnfuawmh jynfol@wyfr
awmf Edik if aH &;rSL;/ A[d0k g'jzef@csad &;Xme wm0efcaH ygah v? PB
yDyo
D o ygw&D @J a&&Snt
f usKd ;twGuf ygwu
D ykd gweD @J wal tmif
u;pm;cJhwmyg? wcsed fwnf;rSm ygwDA[d&k J@ &efolord f;ydu
k f
xm;wJah 'o (0g) rvGwfajrmufao;wJah 'o r@ay:vkyif ef;
awGuv
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G cf yhJ gw,f? yJc;l d;k
r/ weoFm&D/ &cdik jf ynfe,fawGu ajymufusm;a'oawG/ a'
o acgif;aqmif&JabmfawGudkvnf; pepfwusqufpyf+yD;
A[dek @J &if;ES;D u|r;f 0ifapcJyh gw,f? 'Dtvkyrf sKd ;uawmh wu,fh
udk ygwcD spfpdwjf yif;jywJh/ E_wfvHkwJh/ OD;aESmufv_y&f Sm; tm;
aumif;+yD; ydik ;f jzwfcsuf cdik rf m+rJ+rHwhJ &JabmfrsKd ;rSom vkyEf ikd f
wJ@ tvkyrf sKd ;yg? 'Dtvkyrf mS awmh &JabmfxeG ;f [m wu,fu
h kd
wHcGefpu
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(9)
'Dv dkeJ@ ygwDA[dkaumfrwD&J qkH;jzwfcsuft&
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&ufumvudk a&mufv
dS mw,f? uGe*f &ufukd &cdik f ajymuf
usm;tajccHa'otwGuf Edik if aH &;OD;aqmiftzGJif &Jabmf
ausmfjr udk,fpm;ywufa&muf+yD;/ weoFm&Dajymufusm;
tajccHa'otwGuf wdkif;twGif;a&;r; A[dkaumfrwD &J
abmfapm[efwdk@ wufa&mufygw,f? tJ'Dumvu t
v,fydkif;AsLdk/ ajrmufydkif;AsLdk(101 ppfa'o tyg tif)/
26
ta7;awmfykH8sme,f
(12)
aemufyidk f;rSm ygwDxJu udk;uef@/ 0/ ucsifpwJh
vlrsKd ;pktiftm;pkawG cGJxGufomG ;=u+yD; ygwDrmS wyfr&Sd/
a'or&Sd/ vufrJhvdkvdkjzpfomG ;cJhw,f? 'Dtcg ygwDukd ajr
atmuf(UG) ygwDtjzpf ajymif;vJ a=unm &yfcHcJh
vdu
k yf gw,f? cGx
J Guo
f Gm;cJ=h uwJh vlrsKd ;pHt
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27
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ta7;awmfykH8sme,f
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v$Jajymif; ay;vdkuf +yD? ygwDtvHudk rvJatmif qufvufxdef;odrf;=uyg?)
1989 ckESpf {+yDv (17) &ufae@ yefqef;&Sd ArmjynfueG fjrLepfygwD A[dkXmecsKyf[m cJG
xGuf vlrsKd ;pkwyfz@GJ wzJ@G &@J tm%modr;f jcif; cHvu
kd &f ygw,f? tJ'aD e@rmS yJ ygwAD [dk ;kH rSm aexdik =f uwJh A[dak cgi;f
aqmifrsm;eJ@ useftqift
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f m
cJh=u&ygw,f? usef A[dXk metoD;oD;u &Jabmfrsm;/ ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o XmetoD;oD;u &Jabmfrsm;/
yefqef;teD;w0dkufu &Jabmfrsm; pwJh ygwAD [dkudk,Hk=unf+yD; ygwDe@J awmfveS fa&;tvHudk qufvuf pJG
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vmygw,f? tJ'Dvlpkudk &JabmfxeG ;f u OD;pD;+yD; yxrawmh oHvGifjrpftaemufbufurf;u ref[kid f;qdkwJh
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56
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ta7;awmfykH8sme,f
ud;k um;?
Paul Hoch: Rip Off the Big Game: The Exploitation of Sports by the Power Elite
Permanent Revolution: Capitalism and Sport
Susan Ferguson: Marxist Theories of Sport: Nation, Commerce and Pleasure
Review of Tony Collins Sport in Capitalist Society: A Short History by Adrian
Budd
Foreword by Harry Cleaver (Ben Carrington and Ian McDonald (eds): Marxism,
Cultural Studies and Sport)
Chris Bambery: Marxism and Sport
Tim Delaney and Tim Madigan: The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction
Nick Harris: Revealed: Asia driving boom as Premier League foreign TVcash
hits 2.23Bn (Sporting Intelligence)
J G C Minchin: Our Public Schools
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112