Lab 1

FUNCTIONAL HUMAN ANATOMY LAB # 1

Skull and Spine Osteology Note: The osteology is the only thing that I will not go over directly with you. You will be responsible for identifying these bones/parts on your own. There is a video posted on YouTube that covers this material. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=Epgc1B6inAc I strongly suggest that you review the video and ask me if you need any help or clarification in identifying the terms listed below. There are certain portions of the osteology that I will emphasize throughout the semester that will help you to trim the list of possible terms that may show up on the practical.

OSTEOLOGY OF SKULL:

Frontal bone: Supraorbital foramen Supraorbital ridge Glabella Parietal bones Temporal bones: External auditory (acoustic) meatus Mastoid process Styloid process Carotid canal Jugular fossa Zygomatic ramus (process) of temporal bone Occipital bone: Foramen magnum Occipital condyles External occipital protuberance Superior nuchal line Inferior nuchal line Sutures: Coronal suture Sagital suture Lambdoidal suture Located between the Frontal and Parietal bones Located between the Parietal bones Located between the Parietal and Occipital bones Opthalmic branch of Trigeminal n. emerges from this opening

Lab 1

FUNCTIONAL HUMAN ANATOMY LAB # 1

Skull and Spine Osteology

Squamous suture Cranial fossas Sphenoid bone: Sella tursica (anterior, middle, posterior)

Located between the Temporal and Parietal bones

from anterior to posterior contains - Tuberculum sellae, Hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa, Dorsum sellae

Optic chiasmatic groove Greater wing Lesser wing Zygomatic bones: Zygomatic arch (joins with zygomatic ramus of temporal bone) Lacrimal bones: Lacrimal fossa (contains Nasolacrimal (tear) duct) Ethmoid bone: Crista galli Cribriform plate Perpendicular plate Vomer Nasal bones Nasal septum Maxilla: Infraorbital foramen Alveolar process Mandible: Body Ramus Angle Condyloid process Coronoid process Mental protuberance Maxillary branch of Trigeminal n. emerges from this opening cartilage connected to anterior side of Vomer and Perpendicular plate of Ethmoid bone

Lab 1

FUNCTIONAL HUMAN ANATOMY LAB # 1

Skull and Spine Osteology

Mental foramen Palatine bone OSTEOLOGY OF BACK: VERTEBRAE: CERVICAL (C1 through C7)

Mental branch of Trigeminal n. emerges from this opening

Have transverse foramen and bifid spinous processes; pay special attention to C1 (Atlas) and C2 (Axis) Have costal facets (2 each side) and long spinous processes

THORACIC (T1 though T12)

LUMBAR (L1 through L5)

Have blunt spinous processes

SACRAL (S1 through S5) - fused COCCYX (3-5) - fused Common Features: Body Neural Arch Transverse process Superior and Inferior Articular processes Spinous process Vertebral canal Intervertebral discs Intervertebral foramen supra spinous ligament interspinous ligament ligamentum flavum Anterior and Posterior Longitudinal ligaments SCAPULA: Acromion process Coracoid process Spine of scapula Courses over the top of each spinous process Located between the spinous processes of each vertebre Connects the lamina of each vertebre Courses over the anterior and posterior sides (respectively) of the bodies of the vertebre Formed by the body and the neural arch Comprised of (2) pedicles and (1) lamina

Lab 1

FUNCTIONAL HUMAN ANATOMY LAB # 1

Skull and Spine Osteology
Superior angle Inferior angle Medial border Lateral border Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa Subscapular fossa Glenoid fossa Supraglenoid tubercle Infraglenoid tubercle scapular notch THORACIC OSTEOLOGY: BREASTPLATE: Manubrium Sternum Xiphoid process The joint between the Manubrium and the Sternum is called the manubrialsternal joint. This point is also a surface landmark called the sternal angle (which can be easily palpated). This is clinically important because it is located at the level of the second rib. Once the sternal angle has been palpated, the intercostal spaces may be identified. Located at the top of the medial border Located at the bottom of the lateral border

RIBS: Head Neck Tubercle Angle Costal groove Sternal end Costal chondrial joint CLAVICLE: Sternal end Acromial end This end is blunt This end is blade-like Ribs 1-7 are true ribs (have direct connection to the sternum); 8-12 are false ribs (no direct connection to the sternum); 11-12 are also floating ribs (have no anterior connection at all). Each rib articulates with the thoracic vertebre in two places. The head of the rib articulates with the body of a vertebre and the tubercle of the rib articulates with the tranverse process of a vertebre. There are costal facets present at these articulation points.