AE 2255 Propulsion-I Question Bank for Unit V

Mr. Suresh Chandra Khandai, Asst. Professor (SS), Dept. of Aero. Engg, REC,Chennai
Page 1/4
UNI T-V
SHORT QUESTI ONS
1. Write down the difference between centrifugal and axial flow compressors.
2. Define degree of reaction for an axial flow compressor. (May 2011)
3. Define rotating stall for compressors.
4. What are the causes for stalling in axial flow compressors?
5. Define slip factor. (May 2012) (Dec 2011)
6. What are the advantages of the axial flow compressor over centrifugal flow compressor? (May
2011)
7. Distinguish between surging and stalling.
8. Why is pre-whirl given to the centrifugal compressor? (Dec 2012)
9. Define degree of reaction. (Dec 2012)
10. Define fouling. (May 2012)
11. Define surge margin. (May 2012)
12. Distinguish between surging and stalling. (May 2012)
13. Write down the conditions for free and forced vortex flows. (Dec 2011)
14. Sketch the velocity triangle for an unstalled axial flow compressor for design flow rate. (Dec
2011)
15. Briefly explain the term stalling in centrifugal compressor. (Dec 2011)
UNI T-V
LONG QUESTI ONS
1. An axial compressor stage has a mean diameter of 60cm and runs at 15000 rpm. If the actual
temperature rise and pressure ratio developed are 30
0
C and 1.4 respectively.
(i) The power required to drive the compressor while delivering 57 Kg/s of air; assume
mechanical efficiency of 86 % and an initial temperature of 35
0
C.
(ii) The stage loading coefficient.
(iii) The stage efficiency and
(iv) The degree of reaction if the temperature at the rotor exits is 55
0
C.
2. (i) Explain the working of a centrifugal compressor and draw the velocity triangles.
8
(ii) A centrifugal compressor has an impeller tip speed of 366 m/s. Determine the absolute
Mach number of the flow leaving the radial vanes of the impeller when the radial component of
velocity at impeller exit is 30.5 m/s and the slip factor is 0.9. Given that the flow area at impeller
exit is 0.1m
2
and the total-to-total efficiency of the impeller is 90%, determine the mass flow
rate. 8
3. (i) A sixteen-stage axial flow compressor is to have a pressure ratio of 6.3. Tests have shown
that a stage total-to-total efficiency of 0.9 can be obtained for each of the first six stages and 0.89
for each of the remaining ten stages. Assuming constant work done in each stage and similar
stages fine the compressor overall total-to total efficiency. For a mass flow rate of 40 kg/s
AE 2255 Propulsion-I Question Bank for Unit V
Mr. Suresh Chandra Khandai, Asst. Professor (SS), Dept. of Aero. Engg, REC,Chennai
Page 2/4
determine the power required by the compressor. Assume an inlet total temperature of 288 K.
8
(ii) Discuss the factors affecting stage pressure rise of an axial flow compressor with suitable
sketches. 8
4. A stage of a radial compressor is to be analyzed. It rotates at 12,300 rpm and compresses
31.75 kg/s of air. The inlet pressure and temperature are 241.325 kPa and 306K respectively. The
hub and tip radii of the blades at the inlet are 7.62 and 13.97cm respectively. The exit radius is
27.94cm and the exit blade height is 2.54cm. The slip factor is unity. Flow enters the inducer
with no prewhirl and the impeller has straight radial blades. The efficiency of the stage is 88%.
The value of Cp and are 1.005 kj/kg-K and 1.397 respectively.
Find the following:
(i) Mean relative flow angle at the inlet.
(ii) The static pressure at the impeller exit.
(iii) The total pressure ratio for the stage,
(iv) The Mach numbers at the impeller inlet and exit.
(v) The required power for the stage. 16
5. An axial flow compressor stage is designed to give free-vortex tangential velocity distributions
for all radii before and after the rotor blade row. The tip diameter is constant and 1.0m; the hub
diameter is 0.9m and constant for the stage. at the rotor tip the flow angles are as follows:
16
Absolute inlet angle,
1
= 30
0
Relative inlet angle,
1
= 60
0
Absolute outlet angle,
2
= 60
0
Relative outlet angle,
2
= 30
0
Determine,
(i) the axial velocity
(ii) the mass flow rate
(iii) the power absorbed by the stage
(iv) the flow angles at the hub
(v) the reaction ratio of the state at the hub
Given that the rotational speed of the rotor is 6000 rpm and the gas density is 1.5 kg/m
3
which can be assumed constant for the stage. It can be further assumed that stagnation enthalpy
and entropy are constant and after the rotor row.
6. The mass flow rate of flow at 288 K and 101.3 kPa at the inlet to the impeller of the
centrifugal-flow compressor is 1.814 kg/s. The inlet flow is in the axial direction. The impeller
eye has the minimum diameter of 3.81cm and a maximum diameter of 12.7cm and rotates at
AE 2255 Propulsion-I Question Bank for Unit V
Mr. Suresh Chandra Khandai, Asst. Professor (SS), Dept. of Aero. Engg, REC,Chennai
Page 3/4
35,000rpm. Assuming no blockage due to the blade, calculate the ideal angle at the hub and tip at
the inlet to the impeller. Draw velocity diagram at the hub and at the tip.
7. Explain the following:
(i) Surging in compressor. 5
(ii) Rotating stall. 5
(iii) Euler equation of turbo Machines. (Dec 2012) 6
8. An axial flow compressor has an overall total head pressure ratio of 5 and mass flow rate is
150 kg/minute. If the polytropic efficiency is 80 % and the stagnation temperature rise per stage
must not exceed 20
0
C, calculate the number of stages required and the pressure ratio of first and
last stages. If the absolute velocity approaching the last rotor is 160 m/s at an angle of 20
0
from
the axial direction, the work done factor is 0.83, the velocity diagram is symmetrical and the
mean diameter of the last rotor is 150 mm. Calculate the rotational speed of the rotor and the
length of the last stage rotor blade at the inlet to the stage. The ambient conditions are 1 bar and
288 K. (Dec 2012)
9. Explain the working of an axial flow compressor and draw the velocity triangles.
10. What do you mean by radial equilibrium condition? Prove that for an axial flow compressor
C
w
r = constant and state the assumption made in deriving.
11. At a particular operating condition an axial flow compressor has a reaction of 0.6, a flow
coefficient of 0.5 and a stage loading defined as h
0
/U
2
of 0.35. If the flow exit angles for each
blade row may be assumed to remain unchanged when the mass flow is throttled, determine the
reaction of the stage and the stage loading when the air flow is reduced by 10 % at constant blade
speed. Sketch the velocity triangles for the two conditions. Comment upon the likely behavior of
the flow when further reductions in air mass flow are made.
12. (i) How do you decide the number of stator and rotor blades of an axial flow compressor
stage?
(ii) Starting from basics, derive Eulers equation applicable for rotodynamic compressors.
(i) Describe in detail about methods of compressor blade and disc design.
13. (i) Explain the performance characteristics of centrifugal compressor with suitable diagrams.
(ii) A single inlet centrifugal compressor running at 18000 rpm handles 9.8 kg/s of air at ground
level where p = 100 kPa and T = 27
0
C. It raises the air pressure to P
stagnation
= 480 kPa. The air
enters axially at 150 m/s. Assuming an isentropic efficiency of 78 %, find the change in
stagnation temperature, power required and compressor geometry. (Assume any other data
required).
14. Explain the working of a centrifugal compressor and draw the velocity triangles for
degree of reaction R<50%, R= 50%, R> 50%.
15. An axial flow compressor has the following design data:
Inlet Stagnation Temperature 290K
AE 2255 Propulsion-I Question Bank for Unit V
Mr. Suresh Chandra Khandai, Asst. Professor (SS), Dept. of Aero. Engg, REC,Chennai
Page 4/4
Inlet Stagnation Pressure 1 bar
Stage Stagnation Temperature Rise 24K
Mass flow of Air 22 kg/s
Axial Velocity through the Stage 155.5 m/s
Rotational Speed 152 rps
Work Done Factor 0.93
Mean blade Speed 205 m/s
Reaction at the mean radius 50%
Determine:
(i) The blade and air angles at the mean radius.
(ii) The mean radius.
(iii) The blade height.
16. Explain the working of an axial flow compressor and draw the velocity triangles for
degree of reaction R<50%, R= 50%, R> 50%.
17. A centrifugal compressor is required to deliver 8 kg/s of air with a stagnation pressure ratio
of 4 rotating at 15,000 rpm. The air enters the compressor at 25
0
C and 1 bar. Assume that the air
enters axially with velocity of 145 m/s and the slip factor is 0.89. If the compressor isentropic
efficiency is 0.89, find the rise in stagnation temperature, impeller tip speed, diameter, work
input, and area at the impeller eye.
18. (i) What do you understand by degree of reaction in an axial flow compressor? Prove that the
degree of reaction in an axial flow compressor is given by
=
(tan 1-tan 2) Ca
20
(ii) Draw a neat diagram of axial flow compressor and explain functions of all parts and its
working principle.
19. Discuss the factors affecting stage pressure rise of an axial flow compressor with suitable
sketch.
20. (i) Explain how performance of axial flow compressors can be described by means of
compressor characteristics.
(ii) Explain the basic operation of an axial flow compressor. Prove that power input per stage of
the compressor can be written as W = mUCa (tan 1 tan 2).