Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Plethora of Reports on Gender Bias in Media Mostly During 2012 compiled by Ariel Dougherty Media Equity Collaborative @mediaequity
The number 25 of reports that came out during the first six months of 2012 prompted collection of this data into a table. The sheer number, range of different forms of media, and the persistence lack of change speak to deeply entrenched cultural attitudes of bias against women in all aspects of the media & culture. Here are listed 47 separate reports that collectively map out extensive gender bias in all aspects of media. The field of feminist media producers has demanded a broad definition of media to be inclusive of all forms of cultural making as well as the more traditionally perceived mainstream venues of print, radio, films and television.
Name of Report
Press Freedom Index 2011/2012
Pdf:
Author(s)
Sponsoring Org
Reporters Without Borders article:
http://en.rsf.org/pre ss-freedom-index20112012,1043.html
Media Focus
International Press Freedom USA ranks #47
Date
Release
December 2012
http://en.rsf.org/IMG/CLASS EMENT_2012/CLASSEME NT_ANG.pdf The Learning Resource Kit for Gender-Ethical Journalism and Media House Policy http://whomakesthenews.org/ Conceptual Issues Practical Resources Sarah Macharia, Editor
World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) & the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
Tools for Change: December Outgrowth of the 2012 Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) that creates Who Makes The News. EXCELLENT ! List of Policy in many many countries; analysis about reporting on gender violence; more Film & TV: + Children!s programs
(30.5%) and comedy series (31.5%) are the most imbalanced genres in prime time, with less than a third of all on screen speaking characters coded as girls or women.
Gender Roles & Occupations: A Look at Character Attributes and Job-Related Aspirations in Film and Television http://www.seejane.org/rese arch/
Stacy L. Smith, PhD | Marc Choueiti | Ashley Prescott | Katherine Pieper, PhD
11/13/12
IPS Inter Press Service http://www.ipsnews .net/2012/10/girlsdetermined-tofight-guns-withbooks/ Discussion sponsored by Guardian Sustainable Business PLOSOne.org
The struggle for girl education. While this example is of Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan, the issue is universal, including Sandy Hook Elementary School.
10/12/12
Women Leaders on Sustainability http://www.guardian.co.uk/sust ainable-business/womenleaders-sustainabilitydiscussion-highlights There Is No News Like Bad News: Women Are More Remembering and Stress Reactive after Reading Real Negative News than Men
Sustainability in business: Women to lead in innovation, collaboration, community centered; shift policy-culture Effects of 24 hr news via TV, devices: negative news....led to a
significant increase in cortisol to a subsequent stressor in women only. Also, women in the negative news condition experienced better memory for these news excerpts compared to men.
10/11/12
Marie-France Marin, JulieKatia MorinMajor, Tania E. Schramek, Annick Beaupr, Abstract: Andrea Perna, http://www.plosone.org/article/ Robert-Paul info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fj Juster, Sonia J. ournal.pone.0047189 Lupien
http://www.undp.org/content/u ndp/en/home/ourperspective/ou rperspectivearticles/2013/01/10 /the-internet-gender-gapmagdy-martinezsoliman.html?utm_source=feed burner&utm_medium=email& utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ung en+%28UN+gender+equality+ news+feed%29&utm_content= "Positive Female Role-Models Christopher J. Eliminate Negative Effects of Ferguson Sexually Violent Media
abstract:
Internet access and cell phone use women are 21% less likely to own a mobile phone than men
September 2012
August 2012
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/10.1111/j.14602466.2012.01666.x/abstract
page 2
Center for the Study of Women in Television & Film, Univ of San Diego
Independent Film
August 2012
++ Women 39% of the people working on http://www.pdfdownloa documentaries ++ 18% d.org/pdf2html/pdf2ht ml.php?url=http%3A% on narrative features.
2F%2Fwomenintvfilm. sdsu.edu%2Ffiles%2F2 012_Independent_Wom en_Exec_Summ.pdf&i mages=yes
Credit Suisse
Anita Karkeesian
Leadership: August ...the evidence suggests 2012 https://infocus.credi that a bit more balance ton the board [women to suisse.com/.../csri_ men] brings with it a bit gender_diversity_a less volatility and a bit nd_ more balance through the cycle.... Feminist Frequency VIDEO GAMES: May-June Kickstarter campaign to 2012 feministfrequency.c raise $6K: stereotyping of women in video games. om
Huge uproar of misogyny followed. Ultimately 6,968 backers supplied $158,922 to see project realized.
Racial and Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Childrens Television Use and Self-Esteem: A Longitudinal Panel Study
effects of television consumption on global self-esteem; esp adverse effects on boys of color & all girls. New media numerous examples of bias
June 2012
Janine Jackson
June 2012
Article: Challenges for NonSexist Communication in Cuba GIRL TECH REPORT 20102011
By Ivet Gonzlez
IPS - GenderWire
http://ipsnews.ne t/news.asp?idne ws=108111
Estalblished Policy: Journalism & film in CUBA Report on skills building for young women of color
June 2012
June 2012
page 3
SILENCED Gender Gap in the 2012 Election Coverage http://www.4thestate.net/femal e-voices-in-media-infographic/ <WOMEN RULE>
4th Estate
Visualizing how Media Influences Us
May 2012
May 2012
Enuf Already!
Linda Stein
Art Market: for women May 29, painters yield vastly 2012 under that of men!! Reporters on the election! May 25, 2012
By S.T.
The Economist
http://www.economis t.com/blogs/prospero/ 2012/05/post-warartists-auction
Gender Report esp see this: http://genderreport.com/2012/1 1/04/byline-report-who-writesthe-news-online-3-months/ Article; Women Artists Still Face Discrimination
Jasmine Linabary
@genderreport
Eleanor J. Bader
Womens Media Center www.womensmedi acenter.com/pages/t he-problem Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
news, literature, and television and film entertainment: Women comprised just 5% of directors, 15% of writers, and 4% of cinematrographers Women-owned companies
March 2012
May 2012
page 4
Women of Color Directed 1 Percent of TV Episodes Last Season, Make $23,325 Less Than Male Writers
By Alyssa Rosenberg
women of color directed just 1 percent of 2,600 television episodes that aired during that period (men of color drirected 11% of those espisodes This premiere film festival showcases NO women directed films in competition.
04/20/12
Four Steps Back-NO Women Directors in Competition at Cannes http://blogs.indiewire.com/wo menandhollywood/four-stepsback-no-women-directors-incompetition-at-cannes Infographic: The Gender Pay Gap http://www.americanprogress.o rg/issues/women/news/2012/04 /16/11435/infographic-thegender-pay-gap/ Not A Pretty Picture: The Economics of Feminist Culture
Presentation at Sarah Lawrence College
Melissa Silverstein
Matt Separa
Ariel Dougherty
Update 1980s data of March NEA support of women 2012 arts organizations 2010 support: 1/3 of peak in 1980! By lines in literary publications: +The New York Review of Books -- 19 women to 133 male writers. Hollywood Films: +..of 1,425 speaking characters only 32.6% are female... + The most recent best picture nominated (2007-10) have nearly as many femle directors as those spanning 30 years (1977-2006) Feb 2012
VIDA- Women in Literary Arts http://www.vidawe b.org/the-count Stacy L Smith, Marc Chourceiti & Stephanie Gall University of Southern California, Annenberg School of Communications & Journalism
Asymmetrical Academy Awards2: Another Look at Gender in Best Picture Nominated Films from 19772010 annenberg.usc.edu/.../News/~/.. ./Asymmetrical2012Report.ash
page 5
THE CELLULOID CEILING: BEHIND-THESCENES EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN IN THE TOP 250 FILMS OF 2011 Article: Sundance Institute and Women in Film Spotlight Challenges Facing Women Filmmakers
Center for the Study of Women in Television & Film, Univ of San Diego http://womenintvfil m.sdsu.edu/researc h.html We Are Movie Geeks (also @) http://www.sundan ce.org/presscenter/release/sund ance-institute-andwomen-in-filmspotlightchallenges-facingwomen-film/ Free Press Pdf link in article: http://www.huffingt onpost.com/timothy -karr/campaignads2012_b_1233354.ht ml
Feb 2012
Melissa Howland
Independent Film: Jan 23, only 16.7% submissions 2012 to Sundance by women
Citizen Unindated: How bigmoney politics and broadcast media are poisoning democratic discourse and undermining U.S. elections ... and what we can do about it
Timothy Karr
political influence money that begins with contributions from wealthy corporations and individuals and ends up in the bank accounts of some of the most powerful television conglomerates in the United States.
January 2012
EARLIER THAN 2012 BUT IMPORTANT Race and GenderConsciousness Policies; Toward A More Egalitarian Communications Future By Carolyn M. Byerly, Yong Jin Park & Reginald D. Miles The Howard Media Group, Published in Journal of Information Policy, Vol 1.
Women have found the greatest difficulty gaining legal ground for gender equality in communications policy.
Late 2011
+Women own-5%TV; 6%Radio +Minorities own Development of highspeed internet and its correlation w/ net access and economic growth Nov 2011
Economics and Statistics Administration & National Telecommunicati ons and Information Administration
page 6
Center for Social Media, American University and Center for Media, Culture and History, New York University Center for Women Policy Studies http://www.centerw omenpolicy.org/pro grams/contract/The ContractwithWome noftheUSAReportJ une2011.asp International Womens Media Foundation
Case study of six documentaries for their social impact esp interesting comment regarding women's organizations lack of awareness about social uses of media
Sept 2011
The Contract with Women of the USA State legislators Initiative 1996-2011
June 2011
Global Report on the Status of Women in New Media http://iwmf.org/pioneeringchange/global-research-onwomen-in-the-newsmedia.aspx Behind the Scenes of Women's Broadcast Ownership
By Carolyn M.Byerly
Global survey on news, heavy on print, less radio & TV-forms a baseline + 73 percent of the top management jobs are occupied by men
Women own less than 6% of broadcast stations: how do they enter this market & how do communications policy, economics and sexual politics exclude women from ownership
March 2011
By Carolyn M. Byerly
Name It Change It, sexism and Equality Dont Mix www.lakeresearch.com SNAPSHOT: Foundation Support for Gender Justice Media Organizations www.mediaequity.org Where Are The Women? http://www.npr.org/blogs/omb udsman/2010/04/where_are_th e_women.html
47 Reports on Media Gender Bias
Ariel Dougherty
Suvey of 800 votes on hypothetical Congressional contest between a female & male candidate In examinating 20 sample women directed media orgs & their support, underscores lack of core, sustained support for this field when it comes to female voices from outside NPR, the network is not as diverse on air as it would like to think
Sep 2010
June 2010
Alicia C. Shepard
April 2010
page 7
MOST SIGNIFICANT GLOBAL STUDY every-5-yr report on gender in global media 24% - women in print and airtime (Globally) 28% - (US & Canada)
profiles of eight key research findings that point to environmental and social barriers including stereotypes, gender bias and the climate of science and engineering departments in colleges and universities that continue to block womens participation and progress in science, technology, engineering, and math.
Feb 2010
Catherine Hill
2010
Gender in Televised Sports: News and Highlight Shows, 1989-2009. http://www.usc.edu/dept/cfr/ht ml/home.htm Digital Inclusion: Working Both Sides of the Equation
Chapter in Communications Research in Action: Scholar-Activist Collaborations for a By Philip M. Napoli
Womens sports news coverage has evaporated to an appalling 1.6% (2009) from an abysmal high of 8.7% (1999) Excellent activist project that develops creative media policy models within a community setting. All women participants in project
2009
2010
Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls www.apa.org/pi/wpo/sexualizat ion.html
Eileen L.Zurbriggen,PhD (Chair) Rebecca L.Collins,PhD Sharon Lamb,EdD Tomi-Ann Roberts,PhD Deborah L.Tolman,EdD L.Monique Ward,PhD Jeanne Blake (Public Member)
Germinal study
Virtually every media form studied provides ample evidence of the sexualization of women, including television, music videos, music lyrics, movies, magazines, sports media, video games, the Internet and advertising
2007
Contact, Media & Technology Co-chairs: Shireen Mitchell, 202.642.1881 digitalsista@gmail.com Ariel Dougherty, 575.740.5868 ArielCamra@gmail.com @MediaEquity MTTF, NCWO 714 G Street, SE, Washington, DC 20003
47 Reports on Media Gender Bias
compiled by Ariel Dougherty page 8