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The rule of equation, commonly called Algebers Rule.<side: The rule of equation.> HEtherto haue I taughte you, the common formesof worke, in nombers
Denominate
. Whiche rules are vsed also in nôbers
 Abstracte
,& likewaies in
Surde
nombers. Although the formes of these workes be seueralle,in eche kinde of nomber. But now will I teache you that rule, that is the principallin
Coßike
woorkes: and for whiche all the other dooe serue.This Rule is called the Rule of
 Algeber 
, after the name of the inuentoure, as somemen thinke: or by a name of singular excellencie, as other iudge. But of his vse itis rightly called, the rule of
equation
: bicause that by
equation
of nombers, it doethdissolue doubtefull questions: And vnfolde intricate ridles. And this is the orderof it.
The somme of the rule of equation:WHen any question is propoûded, apperteinyng to this rule, you shall imagin a name for the nomber, that is to bee soughte, as you remember, that you learned in the rule of false position. And with that nomber shall you procede, accordyng to the question, vntil you finde a Coßike nomber, equalle to that nomber, that the question expresseth, whiche youshal
<page: Ff. i.>
reduce euer more to the leaste nombers. And then diuide the nomber of the lesser denomination, by the nomber of the greateste denomination, and the quotientdoeth aunswere to the question. Except the greater denominatiô, doe beare the signe of some rooted nôber. for then must you extract the roote of that quotiente, accordyng tothat signe of denomination.
Scholar. It semeth that this rule is all one, with the rule of false position: andtherefore mighte so bee called: seyng it taketh a false nôber, to worke with al.Master. This rule doeth farre excell that other. And dooeth not take a falsenomber, but a true nomber for his position, as it shall bee declared anon. Wherbyit maie bee thoughte, to bee a rule of wonderfull inuention, that teacheth amanne at the firste worde, to name a true nomber, before he knoweth resolutely,what he hath named.But bicause that name is common to many nombers (although not in onequestion) and therefore the name is obscure, till the worke doe detectt it, I thinkethis rule might well bee called, the rule of darke position, or of straunge position:but not of false position.and for the more easie and apte worke in this arte wee dooe commonly namethat darke position. 1.
x
. And with it doe we worke, as the question intendeth, tillwe come to the
equation
.
 
<side: The partes of the rule.> This rule of
equation
, is diuided by some men, intodiuerse partes. As namely
Schuebelius
dooeth make. 3. rules of it. And in theseconde rule, he putteth. 3. seueralle cannôs. some other men make a greaternôber of distinctiôs in this rule. But I intende (as I thinke beste for this treatice,whiche maie serue as farre <page> as their workes doe extende) to distincte itonely into twoo partes. Whereof the firste is,
when one nomber is equalle vnto oneother 
. And the seconde is,
when one nomber is compared as equalle vnto. 2. other nombers
.Alwaies willyng you to remêber, that you reduce your nombers, to their leastedenominations, and smalleste formes, before you procede any farther.And again, if your
equation
be soche, that the greateste denomination
Coßike
, beioined to any parte of a compounde nomber, you shall tourne it so, that thenomber of the greateste signe alone, maie stande as equalle to the reste.Howbeit, for easie alteratiô of
equations
. I will propunde a fewe exâples, bicausethe extraction of their rootes, maie the more aptly bee wroughte. And to auiodethe tediouse repetition of these woordes: is equalle to: I will sette as I doe often inwoorke vse, a paire of paralleles, or Gemowe lines of one lengthe, thus: =,bicause noe. 2. thynges, can be moare equalle. And now marke these nombers.1. 14.
x
.+.15.
p
=71.
p
.2. 20.
x
.-.18.
p
=.102.
p
.3. 26.
z
+10
x
=9.
z
-10
x
+213.
p
.4. 19.
x
+192.
p
=10
z
+108
p
-19
x
5. 18.
x
+24.
p
.=8.
z
.+2.
x
.6. 34
z
-12
x
=40
x
+480
p
-9.
z
<side: 1.> In the firste there appeareth. 2. nombers, that is <page: FF. ii.>14.
x
.+15.
p
. equalle to one nomber, whiche is 71.
p
. But if you marke them well,you maie see one denominatiô, on bothe sides of the
equation
, which neuer oughtto stand. Wherfore abating the lesser, that is. 15.
p
. out of bothe the nombers,there will remain .14.
x
=56.
p
. that is, by reduction, 1
x
=4.
p
.Scholar. I see, you abate. 15.
p
. from them bothe. And then are thei equalle still,seyng thei wer equalle before. Accordyng to the thirde common sentence, in thepatthewaie:
If you abate euen portions, from thynges that bee equalle, the partes that remain shall beequall also.
 
Master. You doe well remêber, the firste groundes of this arte. For all springethof those principles
Geometricalle
. Wherfore call to your minde likewaies thesecende common sentence, in the same booke, and then haue you anotherreason, whiche will helpe you not onely, in the other formes of woorke here, butalso very often in the practise of this arte.Scholar. That is this.
If you adde equalle portions, to thynges that bee equalle, what so amounteth of them shallbe equalle.
Master. These twoo sentences doe instructe you that wen you see on bothe thesides of the
equation
, any one denominatiô
Coßike
, you shall marke the signe thatis annexed to the lesser of them bothe: and if it be the signe of addition. +. thenshall you abate that lesser nomber, from bothe the partes of the
equation
. As I didin this firste example. But if the signe be of abatemente -
 ,
then shall you adde thatlesser nôber, to bothe partes. And so shall you doe, till there be noe onedenominiation on bothe partes, but diuerse and distincte.<side: 2.> So the seconde nomber will be. 20.
x
=120
p
and in the leaste termes.1.
x
=.6.
p
.<side: 3.> Scholar. I see that you adde .18.
p
. to bothe partes <page> of theequation. But by that reason, I doubte in the thirde somme, bicause. 10.
x
. is inbothe partes of the equation: in the firste parte with +, and in the seconde partewith -
 ,
whether I shall adde 10.
x
, or abate them.Master. In soche a case, you maie dooe either of bothe, at your libertie: and allwill be as to one eande.Scholar. If I adde. 10.
x
. then will it be. 26.
z
.+20.
x
.=.9
z
.+213.
p
.Master. And doe you not see.
z
. on bothe sides of the equation?Scholar. I did loke but for one alteration onely.Master. If there were twentie like denominations, you should alter them all. Forthat is the principalle and peculiare reduction, that belongeth to equations.Scholar. Then must I abate. 9.
z
. on bothe partes, and so will there remaine.17.
z
.+.20.
x
.=.213.
p
.Master. Now reduce it by abatyng. 10.
x
.
of 00

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gordie168

All four of Robert Recorde's 16th century mathematical books are now available as modern facsimile reprints. Go to www.renascentbooks.co.uk for full specifications, 'look-inside' pages and prices. Order on-line post free in the UK

reply04 / 11 / 2010
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