ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION

Presented by
Manjeet Dang Medhavi Kakkar Mohit Nagaria Neelesh Chaudhary

ENVIRONMENT AND RELATED CONCEPTS

The term Environment has been derived from the French word environer, which means, to encircle or surround.
Thus, Environment can simply be defined as the surroundings, both, biotic and abiotic, of an organism in which it lives. Ecology is the study of organisms in relation to each other and to their abiotic environment.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Pollution is the addition of undesirable substances or energy (heat, radiation or noise) into the physical environment, making it unfit for life. Types of Pollutants
Persistenc e
Primary Secondary

Existence
Quantitative Qualitative

Natural Environme nt
Bio-degradable Non-degradable

SOLID WASTE

All solid and semi-solid wastes arising from human and animal activities, that are discarded as useless or unwanted are included in the term Solid Wastes or Refuse. It may be generated from Domestic, Industrial, Agricultural or Commercial Sources, and may be of the form Biodegradable, Nonbiodegradable, Toxic, Non-toxic or Biomedical Wastes.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid waste management lays emphasis on 3 Rs

REUSE REDUCE RECYCLE

3 Rs

METHODS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL

SEGREGATION LAND FILLING INCINERATION PULVERISATION COMPOSTING PYROLYSIS

SOIL POLLUTION

Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (humanmade) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper disposal of waste. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene and benzopyrene), solvents, pesticides, lead, and other heavy metals.

TYPES AND SOURCES

TYPES Chemical and metallic Agro chemical Radioactive Biological agents SOURCES Industrial wastes Urban wastes Radioactive wastes

HEALTH EFFECTS

Contaminated or polluted soil directly affects human health through direct contact with soil or via inhalation of soil contaminants which have vaporized; the infiltration of soil contamination into groundwater aquifers. Chronic exposure to chromium, lead and other metals, petroleum, solvents, and many pesticide and herbicide formulations can be carcinogenic, can cause congenital disorders, nitrate and ammonia health hazards in soil and groundwater. Chronic exposure to benzene causes leukemia. Mercury and cyclodienes cause kidney damage. PCBs and cyclodienes are linked to liver toxicity. Organophosphates and carbomates neuromuscular

AIR POLLUTION
Air Pollution is basically presence of foreign substance in air in excessive concentration which adversely affect the well being of the individual or causes damage to property.

CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION

Urbanisation. Industrialisation. Motorization. Burning of fuels. Energy production from thermal plants.

EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION

On Human Health. On Plants. On Animals. Economic Effects.

NOISE POLLUTION
The word noise comes from the Latin word noxia meaning "injury" or "hurt" . Noise pollution is the excessive noise that may disrupt the activity or balance of human or animal life.

EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

Hearing Problems.

Depression and fatigue, which considerably reduces the efficiency of a person.

It is a cause of frustration and is associated with difficulty in concentration.

Low frequency noise affects the higher centre of brain and causes an alternation in the normal sleep pattern and prevents sound sleep.

NOISE POLLUTION CONROL

Reduce Impact Forces. Reduce Speed And Pressures.

Reduce Noise Leakage.

Reducing Frictional Resistance. Isolate and Damper Vibrating Elements.

Providing Mufflers/Silencers.

WARMING

GREENHOUSE EFECT

The greenhouse effect results from the heat energy of sunlight being absorbed by the Earth and molecules in the Earth's atmosphere. This energy is usually radiated back towards space. However, as we change the gases in the Earth's atmosphere as the results of everyday living, this energy is unable to leave the Earth's atmosphere and is trapped as heat. The heat causes a gradual warming of the air around the Earth. This warming is known as the greenhouse effect.

REASONS FOR GLOBAL WARMING

Four primary compounds are thought to be responsible for global warming (CO2) gas is thought to be responsible for 50 to 55 percent of the global warming trend. Fossil fuel combustion (the burning of coal, oil, gas, natural gas) and increased deforestation Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are thought to be responsible for 25 percent of GLOBAL warming. Methane is indicated in approximately 12 percent of the global warming trend.

EFFECTS AND CONTROL TECHNIQUES

More drought and more flooding Rising sea level: For example, some Pacific Island nations are expected to be partially or completely submerged by the end of the century. CONTROL TECHNIQUES: Planting large areas with trees will consume CO2 . Stopping deforestation in the tropical forests around the world, especially in the Amazon and Indonesian rain forests, usage of more fuel-efficient cars. Our citizens need to be educated as to likely changes and how best to deal with the changing conditions.

EFFORTS BY GOVERNMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL (PROTECTION) ACT,1986 AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION ACT),1981 WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT,1974 WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT,1972 HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS WASTES RULE,1989